FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mcgee, MR Julius, ML Vajda, AM Norris, DO Barber, LB Schoenfuss, HL AF McGee, Meghan R. Julius, Matthew L. Vajda, Alan M. Norris, David O. Barber, Larry B. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disrupting compounds; Estrogen mixture; Fathead minnow; Behavior; Larvae; Embryos ID WASTE-WATER; BEHAVIOR; FISH; ZEBRAFISH; TOXICITY; NEURONS; INDICATORS; RECEPTORS; CHEMICALS; RESPONSES AB Aquatic organisms exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) at early life-stages may have reduced reproductive fitness via disruption of reproductive and non-reproductive behavioral and physiological pathways. Survival to reproductive age relies upon optimal non-reproductive trait expression, such as adequate predator avoidance responses, which may be impacted through EDC exposure. During a predator-prey confrontation, larval fish use an innate C-start escape behavior to rapidly move away from an approaching threat. We tested the hypotheses that (1) larval fathead minnows exposed to estrogens, a primary class of EDCs, singularly or in mixture, suffer a reduced ability to perform an innate C-start behavior when faced with a threat stimulus; (2) additive effects will cause greater reductions in C-start behavior; and (3) effects will differ among developmental stages. In this study, embryos (post-fertilization until hatching)were exposed for 5 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of estrone (E1), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) singularly and in mixture. Exposed embryos were allowed to hatch and grow in control well water until 12 days old. Similarly, post-hatch fathead minnows were exposed for 12 days to these compounds. High-speed (1000 frames/s) video recordings of escape behavior were collected and transferred to National Institutes of Health Image for frame-by-frame analysis of latency period, escape velocity, and total escape response (combination of latency period and escape velocity). When tested 12 days post-hatch, only El adversely affected C-start performance of larvae exposed as embryos. Conversely, larvae exposed for 12 days post-hatch did not exhibit altered escape responses when exposed to Ell, while adverse responses were seen in E2 and the estrogen mixture. Ethinylestradiol exposure did not elicit changes in escape behaviors at either developmental stage. The direct impact of reduced C-start performance on survival, and ultimately, reproductive fitness provides an avenue to assess the ecological relevance of exposure in an assay of relatively short duration. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McGee, Meghan R.; Julius, Matthew L.; Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Vajda, Alan M.; Norris, David O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, 720 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency [R832741-01-0]; St. Cloud State University Office of Sponsored Research; George Friedrich Endowed Wildlife Protection Fund FX This research was supported by a STAR grant by the US Environmental Protection Agency (R832741-01-0) (HLS), St. Cloud State University Office of Sponsored Research (HLS), and George Friedrich Endowed Wildlife Protection Fund (MRM). We thank Mark Smith (US EPA Cincinnati) for developing protocols for larval care. We greatly appreciate the assistance of Dr. Leonard Onyiah in optimizing our statistical analyses. Excellent laboratory assistance was provided by Kent Grove, Megan Buerkley, Timothy Loes II, and Jeffrey L. Painter. We thank Drs. Bolden and Schrank and two anonymous peer reviewers for their helpful comments in revising the manuscript. Use of trade, firm, or product names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 91 IS 4 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.002 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 424OT UT WOS:000264576700009 PM 19162341 ER PT J AU Reheis, MC Budahn, JR Lamothe, PJ Reynolds, RL AF Reheis, Marith C. Budahn, James R. Lamothe, Paul J. Reynolds, Richard L. TI Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL MOJAVE DESERT; OWENS LAKE; TRACE-METALS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; EOLIAN DUST; GEOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; SOILS; USA AB Modern dusts across southwestern United States deserts are compositionally similar to dust-rich Av soil horizons (depths of 0-0.5 cm and 1-4 cm at 35 sites) for common crustal elements but distinctly different for some trace elements. Chemical compositions and magnetic properties of the soil samples are similar among sites relative to dust sources, geographic areas, and lithologic substrates. Exceptions are Li, U, and W, enriched in Owens Valley, California, and Mg and Sr, enriched in soils formed on calcareous fan gravel in southeast Nevada. The Av horizons are dominated by dust and reflect limited mixing with substrate sediments. Modern dust samples are also similar across the region, except that Owens Valley dusts are higher in Mg, Ba, and Li and dusts both there and at sites to the north on volcanic substrates are higher in Sb and W. Thus, dust and Av horizons consist of contributions from many different sources that are well mixed before deposition. Modern dusts contain significantly greater amounts of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Sb than do Av horizons, which record dust additions over hundreds to thousands of years. These results suggest that modern dust compositions are influenced by anthropogenic sources and emissions from Owens (dry) Lake after its artificial desiccation in 1926. Both modern dusts and Av horizons are enriched in As, Ba, Cu, Li, Sb, Th, U, and W relative to average crustal composition, which we interpret to indicate that the geologic sources of dust in the southwestern United States are geochemically distinctive. C1 [Reheis, Marith C.; Budahn, James R.; Lamothe, Paul J.; Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Reheis, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 980,Fed Ctr,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mreheis@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 7 PY 2009 VL 114 AR F01028 DI 10.1029/2008JF001009 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 415RO UT WOS:000263952400002 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Zimmerman, AR Hunsinger, GB Willard, D Dunn, JC AF Mitra, Siddhartha Zimmerman, Andrew R. Hunsinger, Glendon B. Willard, Debra Dunn, Joshua C. TI A Holocene record of climate-driven shifts in coastal carbon sequestration SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; ICE-AGE; SEDIMENTS; ATLANTIC; QUANTIFICATION; 20TH-CENTURY AB A sediment core collected in the mesohaline portion of Chesapeake Bay was found to contain periods of increased delivery of refractory black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The BC was most likely produced by biomass combustion during four centennial-scale dry periods as indicated by the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), beginning in the late Medieval Warm Period of 1100 CE. In contrast, wetter periods were associated with increased non-BC organic matter influx into the bay, likely due to greater runoff and associated nutrient delivery. In addition, an overall increase in both BC and non-BC organic matter deposition during the past millennium may reflect a shift in climate regime. The finding that carbon sequestration in the coastal zone responds to climate fluctuations at both centennial and millennial scales through fire occurrence and nutrient delivery has implications for past and future climate predictions. Drought-induced fires may lead, on longer timescales, to greater carbon sequestration and, therefore, represent a negative climate feedback. Citation: Mitra, S., A. R. Zimmerman, G. B. Hunsinger, D. Willard, and J. C. Dunn (2009), A Holocene record of climate-driven shifts in coastal carbon sequestration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05704, doi:10.1029/2008GL036875. C1 [Mitra, Siddhartha] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Mitra, Siddhartha; Hunsinger, Glendon B.; Dunn, Joshua C.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Zimmerman, Andrew R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Willard, Debra] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 101 Graham Bldg, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM mitras@ecu.edu OI Zimmerman, Andrew/0000-0001-5137-4916 FU ACS-PRF; Binghamton University Research Foundation; U. S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by ACS-PRF and the Binghamton University Research Foundation. Sediments and some chronometric information were provided by Antonio Mannino (NASA) and funding for vessel time provided by the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L05704 DI 10.1029/2008GL036875 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 415PT UT WOS:000263947200005 ER PT J AU Yi, SH Manies, K Harden, J McGuire, AD AF Yi, Shuhua Manies, Kristen Harden, Jennifer McGuire, A. David TI Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Soil organic layers (OL) play an important role in land-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy and carbon in cold environments. The proper implementation of OL in land surface and ecosystem models is important for predicting dynamic responses to climate warming. Based on the analysis of OL samples of black spruce (Picea mariana), we recommend that implementation of OL for cold regions modeling: (1) use three general organic horizon types (live, fibrous, and amorphous) to represent vertical soil heterogeneity; (2) implement dynamics of OL over the course of disturbance, as there are significant differences of OL thickness between young and mature stands; and (3) use two broad drainage classes to characterize spatial heterogeneity, as there are significant differences in OL thickness between dry and wet sites. Implementation of these suggestions into models has the potential to substantially improve how OL dynamics influence variability in surface temperature and soil moisture in cold regions. Citation: Yi, S., K. Manies, J. Harden, and A. D. McGuire (2009), Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05501, doi:10.1029/2008GL037014. C1 [Yi, Shuhua] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Manies, Kristen; Harden, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yi, SH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffsy@uaf.edu RI Yi, Shuhua/E-7976-2011; OI Yi, Shuhua/0000-0003-4932-8237 FU USGS; National Science Foundation [DEB-0077881]; NASA FX Our thanks to Eugenie Euskirchen and Jon O'Donnell for their help on statistical analysis; and to Merritt Turetsky, Stephanie Ewing, and two anonymous reviewers for comments. This study was supported by USGS Earth Surface Dynamic program, the USGS Global Change Research Program, the National Science Foundation (Integrated Research Challenges in Environmental Biology, DEB-0077881), and the NASA BOREAS program. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L05501 DI 10.1029/2008GL037014 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 415PT UT WOS:000263947200006 ER PT J AU Clark, RN Curchin, JM Hoefen, TM Swayze, GA AF Clark, Roger N. Curchin, John M. Hoefen, Todd M. Swayze, Gregg A. TI Reflectance spectroscopy of organic compounds: 1. Alkanes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; MU-M; SPECTRUM; ICE; GANYMEDE; METHANE; PHOEBE AB Reflectance spectra of the organic compounds comprising the alkane series are presented from the ultraviolet to midinfrared, 0.35 to 15.5 mm. Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules containing only single carbon-carbon bonds, and are found naturally on the Earth and in the atmospheres of the giant planets and Saturn's moon, Titan. This paper presents the spectral properties of the alkanes as the first in a series of papers to build a spectral database of organic compounds for use in remote sensing studies. Applications range from mapping the environment on the Earth, to the search for organic molecules and life in the solar system and throughout the universe. We show that the spectral reflectance properties of organic compounds are rich, with major diagnostic spectral features throughout the spectral range studied. Little to no spectral change was observed as a function of temperature and only small shifts and changes in the width of absorption bands were observed between liquids and solids, making remote detection of spectral properties throughout the solar system simpler. Some high molecular weight organic compounds contain single-bonded carbon chains and have spectra similar to alkanes even when they fall into other families. Small spectral differences are often present allowing discrimination among some compounds, further illustrating the need to catalog spectral properties for accurate remote sensing identification with spectroscopy. C1 [Clark, Roger N.; Curchin, John M.; Hoefen, Todd M.; Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 964,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rclark@usgs.gov FU NASA Cassini VIMS team; NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program FX This research was funded by the USGS Minerals Program, Health Effects of Dusts Project, the NASA Cassini VIMS team, and the NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program (R. Clark, PI). NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E03001 DI 10.1029/2008JE003150 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 415SN UT WOS:000263955300001 ER PT J AU Gray, JR Gartner, JW AF Gray, John R. Gartner, Jeffrey W. TI Technological advances in suspended-sediment surrogate monitoring SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER-CURRENT-PROFILER; OPTICAL BACKSCATTERANCE SENSOR; ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; PARTICLE-SIZE; ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE; LABORATORY EVALUATION; SAND; ENVIRONMENT; INSTRUMENT; SUSPENSION AB Surrogate technologies to continuously monitor suspended sediment show promise toward supplanting traditional data collection methods requiring routine collection and analysis of water samples. Commercially available instruments operating on bulk optic (turbidity), laser optic, pressure difference, and acoustic backscatter principles are evaluated based on cost, reliability, robustness, accuracy, sample volume, susceptibility to biological fouling, and suitable range of mass concentration and particle size distribution. In situ turbidimeters are widely used. They provide reliable data where the point measurements can be reliably correlated to the river's mean cross section concentration value, effects of biological fouling can be minimized, and concentrations remain below the sensor's upper measurement limit. In situ laser diffraction instruments have similar limitations and can cost 6 times the approximate $5000 purchase price of a turbidimeter. However, laser diffraction instruments provide volumetric-concentration data in 32 size classes. Pressure differential instruments measure mass density in a water column, thus integrating substantially more streamflow than a point measurement. They are designed for monitoring medium-to-large concentrations, are generally unaffected by biological fouling, and cost about the same as a turbidimeter. However, their performance has been marginal in field applications. Acoustic Doppler profilers use acoustic backscatter to measure suspended sediment concentrations in orders of magnitude more streamflow than do instruments that rely on point measurements. The technology is relatively robust and generally immune to effects of biological fouling. Cost of a single-frequency device is about double that of a turbidimeter. Multifrequency arrays also provide the potential to resolve concentrations by clay silt versus sand size fractions. Multifrequency hydroacoustics shows the most promise for revolutionizing collection of continuous suspended sediment data by instruments that require only periodic calibration for correlation to mean concentrations in river cross sections. Broad application of proven suspended sediment surrogate technologies has the potential to revolutionize fluvial sediment monitoring. Once applied, benefits could be enormous, providing for safer, more frequent and consistent, arguably more accurate, and ultimately less expensive sediment data for managing the world's sedimentary resources. C1 [Gray, John R.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gartner, Jeffrey W.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Gray, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jrgray@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W00D29 DI 10.1029/2008WR007063 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 415UF UT WOS:000263960400001 ER PT J AU Xu, JP Noble, MA AF Xu, J. P. Noble, Marlene A. TI Currents in Monterey Submarine Canyon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INTERNAL TIDES; BALTIMORE CANYON; CALIFORNIA; BAY; SEA; WAVES; FLUXES AB Flow fields of mean, subtidal, and tidal frequencies between 250 and 3300 m water depths in Monterey Submarine Canyon are examined using current measurements obtained in three yearlong field experiments. Spatial variations in flow fields are mainly controlled by the topography (shape and width) of the canyon. The mean currents flow upcanyon in the offshore reaches (>1000 m) and downcanyon in the shallow reaches (<800 m) of the canyon. Tidal currents, especially the semidiurnal components, are dominant and account for more than 90% of total energy. Pulses of strong currents near the canyon floor, which last several days at a time and have a magnitude as high as 60+ cm/s, are attributed to intense baroclinic processes occurring within the canyon. The V-shaped canyon walls and the near-critical slope of the canyon floor focus the baroclinic tides of semidiurnal and higher frequencies to the canyon bottom to produce the >100-m amplitude isotherm oscillations and associated high-speed rectilinear currents. The 15-day spring-neap cycle and a "3-day'' band are the two prominent frequencies in subtidal flow field. Neither of them seems directly correlated with the spring-neap cycle of the sea level. C1 [Xu, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Noble, Marlene A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jpx@usgs.gov FU USGS; ONR; NPS FX We thank Marinna Martini, Joanne Ferreira, Kurt Rosenberger, Jonathan Borden, Rick Rendigs, Marla Stone, Fran Lightsom, and the crews of R/Vs Robert Gordon Sproul, David Starr Jordan, Pt. Sur, Shana Rae, and McArthur II for making the several field cruises possible. The 1993 study was funded by USGS and ONR, and the 2002 study was cosponsored by USGS and NPS. Ian Hartwell and NOAA graciously provided ship time for the 2005 fieldwork. The manuscript benefited from frequent discussions with Charlie Paull and the insightful comments from Dan Hanes, Eric Geist, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 5 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C03004 DI 10.1029/2008JC004992 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 415SE UT WOS:000263954100001 ER PT J AU Pol, SSV Becker, PR Ellisor, MB Moors, AJ Pugh, RS Roseneau, DG AF Pol, Stacy S. Vander Becker, Paul R. Ellisor, Michael B. Moors, Amanda J. Pugh, Rebecca S. Roseneau, David G. TI Monitoring organic contaminants in eggs of glaucous and glaucous-winged gulls (Larus hyperboreus and Larus glaucescens) from Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Organic contaminant; Glaucous gull; Glaucous-winged gull; Seabird egg; Subsistence food ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; SPATIAL TRENDS; SEABIRD EGGS; BARENTS SEA; LONG-TERM; POLLUTANTS; METABOLITES; RESIDUES AB Gull eggs have been used to monitor contaminants in many parts of the world. The Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) is a long-term program designed to track trends in pollutants in northern marine environments using seabird eggs. Glaucous and glaucous-winged gull (Larus hyperboreus and Larus glaucescens) eggs collected in 2005 from seven Alaskan colonies were analyzed for organic contaminants. Concentrations ranged from below detection limits to 322 ng g(-1) wet mass in one egg for 4,4'-DDE and differed among the samples collected in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering and Chukchi Seas. Chick growth and survival rates may be affected by the contaminant levels found in the eggs, but the eggs should be safe for human consumption if they are eaten in small quantities. STAMP plans to continue collecting and banking gull eggs for future real-time and retrospective analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pol, Stacy S. Vander; Becker, Paul R.; Ellisor, Michael B.; Moors, Amanda J.; Pugh, Rebecca S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Roseneau, David G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Pol, SSV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM stacy.vanderpof@nist.gov FU Glenn Chen of the Bureau of Indian Affairs; North Pacific Research Board FX We would like to thank Austin Ahmasuk, D. Doderer, Peter Lockuk Sr., Jack Lorrigan, Rob MacDonald, Enoch Shiedt, Albert Simon, and A. Ramey for collecting the eggs, and Kristin Simac and Lesley Chappel for helping to process them. We would also like to thank Glenn Chen of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the North Pacific Research Board for providing supplemental funding and support that allowed STAMP to conduct some of this work (NPRB Project 0534). This paper is NPRB publication No. 192. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 157 IS 3 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408SB UT WOS:000263454100007 PM 19110348 ER PT J AU Patla, DA Peterson, CR Corn, PS AF Patla, Debra A. Peterson, Charles R. Corn, Paul Stephen TI Amphibian decline in Yellowstone National Park SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Patla, Debra A.; Peterson, Charles R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Corn, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scorn@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 9 BP E22 EP E22 DI 10.1073/pnas.0812670106 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 414DM UT WOS:000263844100117 PM 19240209 ER PT J AU Nelson, PH AF Nelson, Philip H. TI Pore-throat sizes in sandstones, tight sandstones, and shales SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PERMEABILITY AB Pore-throat sizes in siliciclastic rocks form a continuum from the submillimeter to the nanometer scale That continuum is. documented in this article using previously published data on the pore and pore-throat sizes of conventional reservoir rocks, tight-gas sandstones, and shales. For measures of central tendency (mean, mode, median), pore-throat sizes (diameters) are generally greater than 2 mu m in conventional reservoir rocks, range from about 2 to 0.03 mu m in tight-gas sandstones, and range from 0.1 to 0.005 mu m in shales. Hydrocarbon molecules, anasphaltenes, ring structures, paraffins, and methane, form another continuum, ranging from 100 angstrom (0.01 mu m) for asphaltenes to 3.8 angstrom (0.00038 mu m) for methane. The pore-throat size continuum provides a useful perspective for considering (1) the emplacement of petroleum in consolidated siliciclastics and (2) fluid flow through fine-grained source rocks now being exploited as reservoirs. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Nelson, PH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM pnelson@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 176 Z9 275 U1 12 U2 114 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1306/10240808059 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 416CJ UT WOS:000263982500002 ER PT J AU Finzel, ES Ridgway, KD Reifenstuhl, RR Blodgett, RB White, JM Decker, PL AF Finzel, Emily S. Ridgway, Kenneth D. Reifenstuhl, Rocky R. Blodgett, Robert B. White, James M. Decker, Paul L. TI Stratigraphic framework and estuarine depositional environments of the Miocene Bear Lake Formation, Bristol Bay Basin Alaska: Onshore equivalents to potential reservoir strata in a frontier gas-rich basin SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID INCLINED HETEROLITHIC STRATIFICATION; WILLAPA BAY; CLIMATE; FACIES; WASHINGTON; SYSTEMS; ALBERTA; ORIGIN; TRENDS; CANADA AB The Miocene Bear Lake Formation is exposed along the coast and mountains of the central Alaska Peninsula and extends offshore as part of the Bristol Bay Basin. The Bear Lake Formation is up to 2360 m (7743 ft) thick in an offshore well and is considered to have the highest reservoir potential in this gas-rich frontier basin. Our new macrofossil and palynological data, collected in the context of measured stratigraphic sections, allow us to construct the first chronostratigraphic framework for this formation. Biostratigraphic age assignments for the numerous, commonly isolated, onshore exposures of the Bear Lake Formation show that deposition initiated sometime before the middle Miocene (15 Ma) and extended to possibly the earliest Pliocene. The bulk of the Bear Lake Formation, however, was deposited during the middle and late Miocene based on our new findings. We interpret the Bear Lake Formation as the product of a regional transgressive estuarine depositional system based on lithofacies analysis. The lower part of the formation is characterized by trough cross-stratified sandstone interbedded with coal and pedogenic mudstone deposited in fluvial and swamp environments of the uppermost parts of the estuarine system. The lower-middle part of the formation is dominated by non-bioturbated, wavy- and flaser-bedded sandstone and siltstone that were deposited in supratidal flat environments. The upper-middle part of the Bear Lake Formation is characterized by inclined heterolithic strata and coquinoid mussel beds that represent tidal channel environments in the middle and lower tracts of the estuarine system. The uppermost part of the formation consists of tabular, bioturbated sandstone with diverse marine invertebrate macrofossil faunas. We interpret this part of the section as representing the subtidal tract of the lower estuarine system and possibly the adjacent shallow inner shelf. A comparison of our depositional framework for the Bear Lake Formation with core and well-log data from onshore and offshore wells indicates that similar Miocene depositional systems existed throughout much of the Bristol Bay Basin. The documented changes in depositional environments within the Bear Lake Formation are also important for understanding upsection changes in the geometries of potential reservoirs. C1 [Finzel, Emily S.; Ridgway, Kenneth D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Finzel, Emily S.; Reifenstuhl, Rocky R.] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [White, James M.] Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. [Decker, Paul L.] Alaska Div Oil & Gas, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. RP Finzel, ES (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM efinzel@purdue.edu FU Arctic Energy Technology Development Laboratory at the University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of alaska, Fairbanks FX This article is dedicated to the memory of the late tor Nilsen. Tor was one of the pioneers in interpreting the depositional systems of sedimentary strata throughout Alaska. the basin analysis group at Purdue University has followed analysis group at purdue University has followed many of the trias blazed by Tor. Field operations and anlyses for the 2004 and 2005 field seasons were funded from multiple sources: a U.S. department of Energy grant from the Arctic Energy Technology Development Laboratory at the University of Alaska Fairbanks to R. Reigenstuhl (Alaska Division of Geological & Geo-physical Suverys) and P. McCarthy (University of alaska, Fairbanks), contributions from the Bristol Bay Native Corporation, and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surverys and Division of Oil and Gas operating budgets. We thank Richard Evoy (PetroCanada) and Mark Myers (U.S. Geological Survey) for helpful discussions in the field. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3 BP 379 EP 405 DI 10.1306/10010808030 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 416CJ UT WOS:000263982500005 ER PT J AU Symonds, EM Griffin, DW Breitbart, M AF Symonds, Erin M. Griffin, Dale W. Breitbart, Mya TI Eukaryotic Viruses in Wastewater Samples from the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; LOWER PASSAIC RIVER; SANTA-MONICA BAY; TIME RT-PCR; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; ENTERIC VIRUSES; COASTAL WATERS; HUMAN PICOBIRNAVIRUS AB Human fecal matter contains a large number of viruses, and current bacterial indicators used for monitoring water quality do not correlate with the presence of pathogenic viruses. Adenoviruses and enteroviruses have often been used to identify fecal pollution in the environment; however, other viruses shed in fecal matter may more accurately detect fecal pollution. The purpose of this study was to develop a baseline understanding of the types of viruses found in raw sewage. PCR was used to detect adenoviruses, enteroviruses, hepatitis B viruses, herpesviruses, morbilliviruses, noroviruses, papillomaviruses, picobirnaviruses, reoviruses, and rotaviruses in raw sewage collected throughout the United States. Adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples and 25% and 33% of final effluent samples, respectively. Enteroviruses and noroviruses were detected in 75% and 58% of raw sewage samples, respectively, and both viral groups were found in 8% of final effluent samples. This study showed that adenoviruses, enteroviruses, noroviruses, and picobirnaviruses are widespread in raw sewage. Since adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples, they are potential markers of fecal contamination. Additionally, this research uncovered previously unknown sequence diversity in human picobirnaviruses. This baseline understanding of viruses in raw sewage will enable educated decisions to be made regarding the use of different viruses in water quality assessments. C1 [Symonds, Erin M.; Breitbart, Mya] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Breitbart, M (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM mya@marine.usf.edu RI Breitbart, Mya/B-1366-2009 OI Breitbart, Mya/0000-0003-3210-2899 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [X7-96465507-0] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (grant no. X7-96465507-0). NR 81 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1402 EP 1409 DI 10.1128/AEM.01899-08 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 411KR UT WOS:000263649000024 PM 19124584 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Jennings, CA AF Grabowski, Timothy B. Jennings, Cecil A. TI Post-release movements and habitat use of robust redhorse transplanted to the Ocmulgee River, Georgia SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE post-release behaviour; robust redhorse; Catostomidae; stocking program assessment; radio telemetry ID ATLANTIC SALMON; RAZORBACK SUCKERS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SAVANNA RIVER; BROWN TROUT; WILD; SURVIVAL; FISH; PERFORMANCE; HATCHERIES AB 1. Robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum is an imperiled, potadromous fish in the south-eastern USA. Initial recovery efforts have focused on supplementing existing populations and establishing refugial populations through extensive stocking programmes. However, assessment of the Success of these programmes has not vet been conducted, and there are few reports evaluating the effectiveness of such programmes with other potadromous species. 2. Radio telemetry was employed to assess the effectiveness of a stocking programme aimed at addressing whether stocked individuals Would remain in an area free of introduced predators and ascertaining the ability of stocked fish to integrate into a resident population. 3. Hatchery-reared robust redhorse were captured from refugial populations established in other river systems and were transferred to the Ocmulgee River, Georgia where a population of hatchery-reared individuals and an unknown number of wild fish reside. 4. These transferred robust redhorse exhibited an exploratory phase for the first 3 months before adopting behaviour patterns, including spawning migrations, that were consistent with those reported for wild fish in other systems. However, some individuals seemed unable to locate suitable spawning habitat. 5. Approximately half of the radio-tagged fish remained within the area free of introduced predators. 6. At least some radio-tagged robust redhorse fully integrated into the resident population as evidenced by their presence in spawning aggregations with resident individuals. 7. The effectiveness of a stocking programme is dependent upon the ability of stocked individuals to integrate into an existing population or replicate the behaviour and functionality of a resident Population. Evaluations of stocking programmes should incorporate assessments of behaviour in addition to surveys to estimate abundance and survivorship and genetic assessments of augmentation of effective Population sizes. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, GA Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@warnell.uga.edu FU Georgia Power [20-21-RR272-077] FX We thank Tyler Ferguson for his assistance With data collection in the field and Shannon Albeke and Kristin Meehan for their assistance with GIS data analysis. Funding for this study was provided by Georgia Power (Project number: 20-21-RR272-077). This manuscript benefited from the comments and suggestions of Michael Abney, Alice Lawrence, Rebecca Cull Peterson, Wayne Starnes, and Shawn Young. Cooperating agencies for the Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are the US Geological Survey, the University of Georgia, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1002/aqc.980 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 414TY UT WOS:000263889300005 ER PT J AU Lemke, KH Rosenbauer, RJ Bird, DK AF Lemke, Kono H. Rosenbauer, Robert J. Bird, Dennis K. TI Peptide Synthesis in Early Earth Hydrothermal Systems SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Origin of life; Hydrothermal; Peptide; Condensation; Hydrolysis; Gibbs energy ID MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; AMINO-ACID DECOMPOSITION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; REACTION-KINETICS; BOND HYDROLYSIS; LIFE; STANDARD; ORIGIN; SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURES AB We report here results from experiments and thermodynamic calculations that demonstrate a rapid, temperature-enhanced synthesis of oligopeptides from the condensation of aqueous glycine. Experiments were conducted in custom-made hydrothermal reactors, and organic compounds were characterized with ultraviolet-visible procedures. A comparison of peptide yields at 260 C with those obtained at more moderate temperatures ( 160 C) gives evidence of a significant (13 kJ . mol(-1)) exergonic shift. In contrast to previous hydrothermal studies, we demonstrate that peptide synthesis is favored in hydrothermal fluids and that rates of peptide hydrolysis are controlled by the stability of the parent amino acid, with a critical dependence on reactor surface composition. From our study, we predict that rapid recycling of product peptides from cool into near-super-critical fluids in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems will enhance peptide chain elongation. It is anticipated that the abundant hydrothermal systems on early Earth could have provided a substantial source of biomolecules required for the origin of life. C1 [Lemke, Kono H.; Bird, Dennis K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lemke, Kono H.; Rosenbauer, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Hydrothermal Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lemke, KH (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM kono@hku.hk RI Lemke, Kono Heinz/D-3096-2009 FU USGS Hydrothermal Laboratory in Menlo Park, CA; NASA Astrobiology Institute grant [NCC2-1056]; McGee and Shell funds at Stanford University FX The authors want to thank Everett Shock, Keith Kvenvolden, Kevin Hand, and Christopher Oze for valuable discussions about hydrothermal organic synthesis. We also wish to thank David Ross for fruitful discussions on originsof- life chemistry. Three anonymous reviewers and Editor S. Cady are thanked for their constructive comments on the manuscript. This work was carried out at the USGS Hydrothermal Laboratory in Menlo Park, CA, and funded by a NASA Astrobiology Institute grant (NCC2-1056) and by grants from the McGee and Shell funds at Stanford University awarded to K. H. Lemke. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1089/ast.2008.0166 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 440NO UT WOS:000265707200001 PM 19371157 ER PT J AU Migaszewski, ZM Galuszka, A Crock, JG Lamothe, PJ Dolegowska, S AF Migaszewski, Zdzislaw M. Galuszka, Agnieszka Crock, James G. Lamothe, Paul J. Dolegowska, Sabina TI Interspecies and interregional comparisons of the chemistry of PAHs and trace elements in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. from Poland and Alaska SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mosses; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Trace elements; Baseline concentrations; Pollution sources; South-central Poland; Alaska ID HEAVY-METAL DEPOSITION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS PAHS; NATURALLY GROWING MOSS; HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS; SOUTH-CENTRAL POLAND; AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; PLANT BIOINDICATORS; WOOD COMBUSTION; INDICATORS AB Comparative biogeochemical studies performed on the same plant species in remote areas enable pinpointing interspecies and interregional differences of chemical composition. This report presents baseline concentrations of PAHs and trace elements in moss species Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi from the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland) (HCM) and Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve (Alaska) and Denali National Park and Preserve (Alaska). Total PAH concentrations in the mosses of HCM were in the range of 473-2970 mu g kg(-1) (dry weight basis; DW), whereas those in the same species of Alaska were 80-3390 mu g kg(-1) DW. Nearly all the moss samples displayed the similar ring sequence: 3 > 4 > 5 > 6 for the PAHs. The 3 + 4 ring/total PAH ratios show statistically significant differences between HCM (0.73) and Alaska (0.91). The elevated concentrations of PAHs observed in some sampling locations of the Alaskan parks were linked to local combustion of wood, with a component of vehicle particle- and vapor-phase emissions. In HCM, the principal source of PAH emissions has been linked to residential and industrial combustion of coal and vehicle traffic. In contrast to HCM, the Alaskan mosses were distinctly elevated in most of the trace elements, bearing a signature of the underlying geology. H. splendens and P. schreberi showed diverse bioaccumulative capabilities of PAHs in all three study areas. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Migaszewski, Zdzislaw M.; Galuszka, Agnieszka; Dolegowska, Sabina] Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Chem, Geochem & Environm Div, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. [Crock, James G.; Lamothe, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Migaszewski, ZM (reprint author), Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Chem, Geochem & Environm Div, 15G Swietokrzyska St, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. EM zmig@ujk.kielce.pl RI Galuszka, Agnieszka/D-5434-2011; Migaszewski, Zdzislaw/D-5687-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Mineral Resources Program; Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce FX We wish to thank Aleksandra Sztuczynska of the Central Chemical Laboratory of the Polish Geological Institute in Warsaw and LaDonna Choate of the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, for their analytical assistance. We are also grateful to Dr. Richard Wanty and Dr. Larry Gough of the U.S. Geological Survey for their insightful comments that considerably improved the quality of the manuscript, as well as for Joanna Masternak of theJan Kochanowski University for helping in sample collection in HCM This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Program, and the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 SI SI BP 1464 EP 1473 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.035 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415LW UT WOS:000263936300010 ER PT J AU Boyd, R Barnes, SJ De Caritat, P Chekushin, VA Melezhik, VA Reimann, C Zientek, ML AF Boyd, Rognvald Barnes, Sarah-Jane De Caritat, Patrice Chekushin, Victor A. Melezhik, Victor A. Reimann, Clemens Zientek, Michael L. TI Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Base metals; Nickel; Copper; Smelter emissions; Geochemistry; Ore chemistry; Russia ID TRACE-METALS; NY-ALESUND; DEPOSITS; ELEMENTS; SPITSBERGEN; CATCHMENTS; SIBERIA; EUROPE; ORIGIN; ROCKS AB Published estimates for base metal emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula are re-examined in the light of (a) chemical data on the composition of the ores: (b) official emission figures for 1994; and (c) modelled emissions based on dry and wet deposition estimates derived from data for snow and rain samples collected in 1994. The modelled emissions, official emission figures and chemical data are mutually compatible for Ni, Cu and Co and show that previously published figures underestimated the emissions of the major elements, Ni and Cu (though within the same order of magnitude) and overestimated the emissions of As, Pb, Sb and Zn by up to several orders of magnitude, in some cases exceeding the calculated total input to the plants. Published estimates have neglected information on the nature and chemistry of the ores processed in metallurgical industries in the Noril'sk area of Siberia and the Urals. Revised emission estimates for 1994, using knowledge of the chemistry of the ores, are proposed: taken with published information on total emissions up to 2000 these data give an indication of emission levels in more recent years. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boyd, Rognvald; Melezhik, Victor A.; Reimann, Clemens] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Barnes, Sarah-Jane] Univ Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [De Caritat, Patrice] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Chekushin, Victor A.] SC Mineral, St Petersburg, Russia. [Zientek, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA USA. RP Boyd, R (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM rognvald.boyd@ngu.no RI Barnes, S-J/I-5579-2012; OI de Caritat, Patrice/0000-0002-4185-9124 FU Ministry of Environment of Norway; Geological Surveys of Finland and Norway FX This paper resulted from work on the Kola Ecogeochemistry Project which was funded by the Ministry of Environment of Norway and the Geological Surveys of Finland and Norway. It would not have been possible without exemplary cooperation between the national teams from Finland, Norway and Russia. Reijo Salminen and Timo Tarvainen are thanked for useful suggestions for improving the manuscript, as are Robert Garrett and an anonymous reviewer, NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1474 EP 1480 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415LW UT WOS:000263936300011 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Simonson, SE Stohlgren, TJ AF Kumar, Sunil Simonson, Sara E. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Effects of spatial heterogeneity on butterfly species richness in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Akaike's information criterion; Butterfly species richness; FRAGSTATS; Landscape context; Landscape metrics; Model selection; Plant species richness; Spatial autocorrelation; Spatial heterogeneity; Spatial scale ID LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; COLIAS BUTTERFLIES; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; LOCAL HABITAT; DIVERSITY; PATTERN; SCALES; FLIGHT; ASSEMBLAGES AB We investigated butterfly responses to plot-level characteristics (plant species richness, vegetation height, and range in NDVI [normalized difference vegetation index]) and spatial heterogeneity in topography and landscape patterns (composition and configuration) at multiple spatial scales. Stratified random sampling was used to collect data on butterfly species richness from seventy-six 20 x 50 m plots. The plant species richness and average vegetation height data were collected from 76 modified-Whittaker plots overlaid on 76 butterfly plots. Spatial heterogeneity around sample plots was quantified by measuring topographic variables and landscape metrics at eight spatial extents (radii of 300, 600 to 2,400 m). The number of butterfly species recorded was strongly positively correlated with plant species richness, proportion of shrubland and mean patch size of shrubland. Patterns in butterfly species richness were negatively correlated with other variables including mean patch size, average vegetation height, elevation, and range in NDVI. The best predictive model selected using Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size (AIC(c)), explained 62% of the variation in butterfly species richness at the 2,100 m spatial extent. Average vegetation height and mean patch size were among the best predictors of butterfly species richness. The models that included plot-level information and topographic variables explained relatively less variation in butterfly species richness, and were improved significantly after including landscape metrics. Our results suggest that spatial heterogeneity greatly influences patterns in butterfly species richness, and that it should be explicitly considered in conservation and management actions. C1 [Kumar, Sunil; Simonson, Sara E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 1499 Campus Delivery,A204 NESB Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sunil@nrel.colostate.edu RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 FU NASA [NRA-03-OES-03] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. The data used in this study were collected by a number of Weld technicians assisted by many excellent taxonomists from the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, the Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management at Colorado State University, and the US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center. We thank staV at Rocky Mountain National Park for providing administrative and logistical support during the study. We also thank Paul Opler, Geneva Chong, Greg Newman, Richard Bray, and Catherine Jarnevich, and others for their help during the study. T. Stohlgren acknowledges funding for data analysis from NASA grant (NRA-03-OES-03). S. Kumar acknowledges the support of the Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program for Ph. D. studies at Colorado State University (Aug. 2002 Aug. 2005). To all we are grateful. NR 90 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 739 EP 763 DI 10.1007/s10531-008-9536-8 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 407GS UT WOS:000263352200015 ER PT J AU Alexander, RB Bohlke, JK Boyer, EW David, MB Harvey, JW Mulholland, PJ Seitzinger, SP Tobias, CR Tonitto, C Wollheim, WM AF Alexander, Richard B. Bohlke, John Karl Boyer, Elizabeth W. David, Mark B. Harvey, Judson W. Mulholland, Patrick J. Seitzinger, Sybil P. Tobias, Craig R. Tonitto, Christina Wollheim, Wilfred M. TI Dynamic modeling of nitrogen losses in river networks unravels the coupled effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Denitrification Modeling Across Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Systems CY NOV 28-30, 2006 CL Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Dentirificat Res Coordinat Network HO Inst Ecosyst Studies DE Denitrification; Seasonal; Nitrate model; LINX; NHD river network; Nitrate loss; Nitrate removal efficiency; Anthropogenic nitrogen ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SEDIMENT DENITRIFICATION; STREAM DENITRIFICATION; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; HEADWATER STREAMS; NITRATE; TRANSPORT; RATES; WATERSHEDS AB The importance of lotic systems as sinks for nitrogen inputs is well recognized. A fraction of nitrogen in streamflow is removed to the atmosphere via denitrification with the remainder exported in streamflow as nitrogen loads. At the watershed scale, there is a keen interest in understanding the factors that control the fate of nitrogen throughout the stream channel network, with particular attention to the processes that deliver large nitrogen loads to sensitive coastal ecosystems. We use a dynamic stream transport model to assess biogeochemical (nitrate loadings, concentration, temperature) and hydrological (discharge, depth, velocity) effects on reach-scale denitrification and nitrate removal in the river networks of two watersheds having widely differing levels of nitrate enrichment but nearly identical discharges. Stream denitrification is estimated by regression as a nonlinear function of nitrate concentration, streamflow, and temperature, using more than 300 published measurements from a variety of US streams. These relations are used in the stream transport model to characterize nitrate dynamics related to denitrification at a monthly time scale in the stream reaches of the two watersheds. Results indicate that the nitrate removal efficiency of streams, as measured by the percentage of the stream nitrate flux removed via denitrification per unit length of channel, is appreciably reduced during months with high discharge and nitrate flux and increases during months of low-discharge and flux. Biogeochemical factors, including land use, nitrate inputs, and stream concentrations, are a major control on reach-scale denitrification, evidenced by the disproportionately lower nitrate removal efficiency in streams of the highly nitrate-enriched watershed as compared with that in similarly sized streams in the less nitrate-enriched watershed. Sensitivity analyses reveal that these important biogeochemical factors and physical hydrological factors contribute nearly equally to seasonal and stream-size related variations in the percentage of the stream nitrate flux removed in each watershed. C1 [Alexander, Richard B.; Bohlke, John Karl; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [David, Mark B.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Tobias, Craig R.] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Tonitto, Christina] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wollheim, Wilfred M.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Alexander, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ralex@usgs.gov RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 37 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 7 U2 94 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9274-8 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 416CD UT WOS:000263981900006 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Antweiler, RC Harvey, JW Laursen, AE Smith, LK Smith, RL Voytek, MA AF Bohlke, John Karl Antweiler, Ronald C. Harvey, Judson W. Laursen, Andrew E. Smith, Lesley K. Smith, Richard L. Voytek, Mary A. TI Multi-scale measurements and modeling of denitrification in streams with varying flow and nitrate concentration in the upper Mississippi River basin, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Denitrification Modeling Across Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Systems CY NOV 28-30, 2006 CL Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Dentirificat Res Coordinat Network HO Inst Ecosyst Studies DE Denitrification; Seasonal; Benthic; Hyporheic zone; Isotope tracer; Nitrogen gas; Reach-scale; Microcosm ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN-RETENTION; HEADWATER STREAMS; RICH STREAMS; REMOVAL; NITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; METABOLISM; SATURATION AB Denitrification is an important net sink for NO(3) (-) in streams, but direct measurements are limited and in situ controlling factors are not well known. We measured denitrification at multiple scales over a range of flow conditions and NO(3) (-) concentrations in streams draining agricultural land in the upper Mississippi River basin. Comparisons of reach-scale measurements (in-stream mass transport and tracer tests) with local-scale in situ measurements (pore-water profiles, benthic chambers) and laboratory data (sediment core microcosms) gave evidence for heterogeneity in factors affecting benthic denitrification both temporally (e.g., seasonal variation in NO(3) (-) concentrations and loads, flood-related disruption and re-growth of benthic communities and organic deposits) and spatially (e.g., local stream morphology and sediment characteristics). When expressed as vertical denitrification flux per unit area of streambed (U (denit), in mu mol N m(-2) h(-1)), results of different methods for a given set of conditions commonly were in agreement within a factor of 2-3. At approximately constant temperature (similar to 20 +/- A 4A degrees C) and with minimal benthic disturbance, our aggregated data indicated an overall positive relation between U (denit) (similar to 0-4,000 mu mol N m(-2) h(-1)) and stream NO(3) (-) concentration (similar to 20-1,100 mu mol L(-1)) representing seasonal variation from spring high flow (high NO(3) (-)) to late summer low flow (low NO(3) (-)). The temporal dependence of U (denit) on NO(3) (-) was less than first-order and could be described about equally well with power-law or saturation equations (e.g., for the unweighted dataset, U (denit) a parts per thousand 26 * [NO(3) (-)](0.44) or U (denit) a parts per thousand 640 * [NO(3) (-)]/[180 + NO(3) (-)]; for a partially weighted dataset, U (denit) a parts per thousand 14 * [NO(3) (-)](0.54) or U (denit) a parts per thousand 700 * [NO(3) (-)]/[320 + NO(3) (-)]). Similar parameters were derived from a recent spatial comparison of stream denitrification extending to lower NO(3) (-) concentrations (LINX2), and from the combined dataset from both studies over 3 orders of magnitude in NO(3) (-) concentration. Hypothetical models based on our results illustrate: (1) U (denit) was inversely related to denitrification rate constant (k1(denit), in day(-1)) and vertical transfer velocity (v (f,denit), in m day(-1)) at seasonal and possibly event time scales; (2) although k1(denit) was relatively large at low flow (low NO(3) (-)), its impact on annual loads was relatively small because higher concentrations and loads at high flow were not fully compensated by increases in U (denit); and (3) although NO(3) (-) assimilation and denitrification were linked through production of organic reactants, rates of NO(3) (-) loss by these processes may have been partially decoupled by changes in flow and sediment transport. Whereas k1(denit) and v (f,denit) are linked implicitly with stream depth, NO(3) (-) concentration, and(or) NO(3) (-) load, estimates of U (dnit) may be related more directly to field factors (including NO(3) (-) concentration) affecting denitrification rates in benthic sediments. Regional regressions and simulations of benthic denitrification in stream networks might be improved by including a non-linear relation between U (denit) and stream NO(3) (-) concentration and accounting for temporal variation. C1 [Bohlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Antweiler, Ronald C.; Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.; Voytek, Mary A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Laursen, Andrew E.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. [Smith, Lesley K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 53 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9282-8 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 416CD UT WOS:000263981900007 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Maranger, RJ Alexander, RB Giblin, AE Jacinthe, PA Mayorga, E Seitzinger, SP Sobota, DJ Wollheim, WM AF Harrison, John A. Maranger, Roxane J. Alexander, Richard B. Giblin, Anne E. Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre Mayorga, Emilio Seitzinger, Sybil P. Sobota, Daniel J. Wollheim, Wilfred M. TI The regional and global significance of nitrogen removal in lakes and reservoirs SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Denitrification Modeling Across Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Systems CY NOV 28-30, 2006 CL Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Dentirificat Res Coordinat Network HO Inst Ecosyst Studies DE Nitrogen; Lakes; Reservoirs; Denitrification; Global limnology; Nitrogen removal ID SHALLOW DANISH LAKES; EUTROPHIC LAKES; MASS-BALANCE; FRESH-WATER; RETENTION; DENITRIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; BUDGETS; SEDIMENTS; RIVERS AB Human activities have greatly increased the transport of biologically available nitrogen (N) through watersheds to potentially sensitive coastal ecosystems. Lentic water bodies (lakes and reservoirs) have the potential to act as important sinks for this reactive N as it is transported across the landscape because they offer ideal conditions for N burial in sediments or permanent loss via denitrification. However, the patterns and controls on lentic N removal have not been explored in great detail at large regional to global scales. In this paper we describe, evaluate, and apply a new, spatially explicit, annual-scale, global model of lentic N removal called NiRReLa (Nitrogen Retention in Reservoirs and Lakes). The NiRReLa model incorporates small lakes and reservoirs than have been included in previous global analyses, and also allows for separate treatment and analysis of reservoirs and natural lakes. Model runs for the mid-1990s indicate that lentic systems are indeed important sinks for N and are conservatively estimated to remove 19.7 Tg N year(-1) from watersheds globally. Small lakes (< 50 km(2)) were critical in the analysis, retaining almost half (9.3 Tg N year(-1)) of the global total. In model runs, capacity of lakes and reservoirs to remove watershed N varied substantially at the half-degree scale (0-100%) both as a function of climate and the density of lentic systems. Although reservoirs occupy just 6% of the global lentic surface area, we estimate they retain similar to 33% of the total N removed by lentic systems, due to a combination of higher drainage ratios (catchment surface area:lake or reservoir surface area), higher apparent settling velocities for N, and greater average N loading rates in reservoirs than in lakes. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of NiRReLa suggests that, on-average, N removal within lentic systems will respond more strongly to changes in land use and N loading than to changes in climate at the global scale. C1 [Harrison, John A.; Sobota, Daniel J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Maranger, Roxane J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Alexander, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Giblin, Anne E.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Mayorga, Emilio; Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA, CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Wollheim, Wilfred M.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Water Syst Anal Grp, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM harrisoj@vancouver.wsu.edu RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; OI Giblin, Anne/0000-0003-3851-2178; Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623 NR 52 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 13 U2 102 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 416CD UT WOS:000263981900008 ER PT J AU Barrows, CW Allen, EB Brooks, ML Allen, MF AF Barrows, Cameron W. Allen, Edith B. Brooks, Matthew L. Allen, Michael F. TI Effects of an invasive plant on a desert sand dune landscape SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Sahara mustard; Brassica tournefortii; Weed management; Native biodiversity; Natural communities ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; POPULATION BIOLOGY; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS; RESERVES; CLIMATE; LIZARD AB Given the abundance of non-native species invading wildland habitats, managers need to employ informed triage to focus control efforts on weeds with the greatest potential for negative impacts. Our objective here was to determine the level of threat Sahara mustard, Brassica tournefortii, represents to meeting regional goals for protecting biodiversity. Sahara mustard has spread throughout much of the Mojave and lower Sonoran Deserts. It has occurred in southern California's Coachella Valley for nearly 80 years, punctuated by years of extremely high abundance following high rainfall. In those years the mustard has clear negative impacts on the native flora. Using mustard removal experiments we identified reductions in native plant reproduction, shifting composition increasingly toward Sahara mustard while decreasing the fraction of native species. High between-year variance in precipitation may be a key to maintaining biodiversity as the mustard is less abundant in drier years. Sahara mustard impacts to the native fauna were much less evident. Of the animal species evaluated, only the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard, Uma inornata, demonstrated a negative response to mustard abundance; however the impacts were short-lived, lasting no more than a year after the mustard's dominance waned. Without control measures the long-term impacts to desert biodiversity may rest on the changing climate. Wetter conditions or increased periodicity of high rainfall years will favor Sahara mustard and result in reduced biodiversity, especially of native annual plants. Drier conditions will keep the mustard from becoming dominant but may have other negative consequences on the native flora and fauna. C1 [Barrows, Cameron W.; Allen, Edith B.; Allen, Michael F.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Barrows, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM cbarrows@ucr.edu FU University of California's Integrated Pest Management FX This research was funded through a grant from the University of California's Integrated Pest Management Program, the California Department of Fish and Game through the Coachella Valley Association of Governments and U. C. Riverside's Center for Conservation Biology. K. Nicol, B. Johnson and J. Sullivan helped secure grant funds. Mustard weeding was conducted by volunteers from the Bureau of Land Management and California State NR 43 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 673 EP 686 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9282-6 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404CJ UT WOS:000263128000018 ER PT J AU Larson, ER Magoulick, DD AF Larson, Eric R. Magoulick, Daniel D. TI Does juvenile competition explain displacement of a native crayfish by an introduced crayfish? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Competition; Crayfish; Dominance; Field experiment; Invasive species; Juvenile; Growth rates; Laboratory experiment ID STREAM-DWELLING CRAYFISH; SPRING RIVER DRAINAGE; ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; AGGRESSIVE INTERACTIONS; PROCAMBARUS-CLARKII; PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; SHELTER COMPETITION; PREDATORY FISH; LIFE-HISTORY; OZARK STREAM AB The coldwater crayfish Orconectes eupunctus is endemic to the Spring and Eleven Point Rivers of Arkansas and Missouri, and appears to have been displaced from a portion of its range by the recently introduced ringed crayfish Orconectes neglectus. We examined competition among juveniles as a potential mechanism for this crayfish species displacement through laboratory and field experiments. Orconectes eupunctus juveniles survived and grew in stream cages in their former range, implicating biotic interactions rather than habitat degradation in the displacement. Laboratory experiments revealed O. neglectus juveniles were dominant in the presence of limited food, whereas size rather than species determined occupancy of limited shelter. In a field competition experiment using stream cages, O. neglectus juveniles did not inhibit growth or reduce survival of O. eupunctus juveniles. Consequently, laboratory evidence of O. neglectus dominance did not correspond with competition under field conditions. Combined with previous studies examining the effects of O. neglectus on O. eupunctus, these results suggest that competition may not be a factor in this crayfish species displacement. Alternate mechanisms for the apparent displacement of O. eupunctus by O. neglectus, such as differential predation or reproductive interference, should be investigated. C1 [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu RI Larson, Eric/H-3528-2012; Larson, Eric/P-8253-2016 OI Larson, Eric/0000-0002-9232-5907 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 725 EP 735 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9286-2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404CJ UT WOS:000263128000022 ER PT J AU Fewster, RM Buckland, ST Burnham, KP Borchers, DL Jupp, PE Laake, JL Thomas, L AF Fewster, Rachel M. Buckland, Stephen T. Burnham, Kenneth P. Borchers, David L. Jupp, Peter E. Laake, Jeffrey L. Thomas, Len TI Estimating the Encounter Rate Variance in Distance Sampling SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Distance sampling; Encounter rate; Line transect sampling; Point transect sampling; Stratified variance estimators; Systematic sampling; Variance estimation AB The dominant source of variance in line transect sampling is usually the encounter rate variance. Systematic survey designs are often used to reduce the true variability among different realizations of the design, but estimating the variance is difficult and estimators typically approximate the variance by treating the design as a simple random sample of lines. We explore the properties of different encounter rate variance estimators under random and systematic designs. We show that a design-based variance estimator improves upon the model-based estimator of Buckland et al. (2001, Introduction to Distance Sampling. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 79) when transects are positioned at random. However, if populations exhibit strong spatial trends, both estimators can have substantial positive bias under systematic designs. We show that poststratification is effective in reducing this bias. C1 [Fewster, Rachel M.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Buckland, Stephen T.; Borchers, David L.; Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, CREEM, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Burnham, Kenneth P.] Colorado State Univ, CCFWRU, USGS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jupp, Peter E.] Univ St Andrews, Math Inst, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Laake, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fewster, RM (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM r.fewster@auckland.ac.nz RI Buckland, Stephen/A-1998-2012; OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X NR 15 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 65 IS 1 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01018.x PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 420RS UT WOS:000264307500025 PM 18363772 ER PT J AU Royle, JA AF Royle, J. Andrew TI Analysis of Capture-Recapture Models with Individual Covariates Using Data Augmentation SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Abundance estimation; Bayesian analysis; Capture-recapture; Cluster size; Data augmentation; Heterogeneity; Individual covariates; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Nonignorable missing data; Population size; WinBUGS ID HETEROGENEOUS DETECTION PROBABILITIES; POPULATION-SIZE; AUXILIARY VARIABLES; SEX-RATIO; RATES; INFERENCE; DESIGN; COUNTS AB I consider the analysis of capture-recapture models with individual covariates that influence detection probability. Bayesian analysis of the joint likelihood is carried out using a flexible data augmentation scheme that facilitates analysis by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, and a simple and straightforward implementation in freely available software. This approach is applied to a study of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in which auxiliary data on a continuous covariate (body mass) are recorded, and it is thought that detection probability is related to body mass. In a second example, the model is applied to an aerial waterfowl survey in which a double-observer protocol is used. The fundamental unit of observation is the cluster of individual birds, and the size of the cluster (a discrete covariate) is used as a covariate on detection probability. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 65 IS 1 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01038.x PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 420RS UT WOS:000264307500029 PM 18422793 ER PT J AU Vandehey, JA Sloss, BL Peeters, PJ Sutton, TM AF VanDeHey, Justin A. Sloss, Brian L. Peeters, Paul J. Sutton, Trent M. TI Genetic structure of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Michigan SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GREAT-LAKES; SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PARALLEL EVOLUTION; ALLELIC RICHNESS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; LAVARETUS L.; DISTANCE AB Genetic relationships among lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) spawning aggregates in Lake Michigan were assessed and used to predict a stock or management unit (MU) model for the resource. We hypothesized that distinct spawning aggregates represented potential MUs and that differences at Molecular markers underlie population differentiation. Genetic stock identification using 11 microsatellite loci indicated the presence of six genetic MUs. Resolved MUs corresponded to geographically proximate spawning aggregates clustering into genetic groups. Within MUs. analyses suggested that all but one delineated MU was a stable grouping (i.e., no between-population differences). with the exception being the Hog Island - Traverse Bay grouping. Elk Rapids was the most genetically divergent Population within Lake Michigan. However, low F(st) values suggested that moderate to high levels of gene flow occur or have occurred in the past between MUs. Significant tests of isolation by distance and low pairwise F(st) values potentially led to conflicting results between traditional analyses and a Bayesian approach. This data set could provide baseline data from which a comprehensive mixed-stock analysis Could be performed. allowing for more efficient and effective management of this economically and socially important resource. C1 [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54881 USA. [Peeters, Paul J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. [Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Vandehey, JA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Box 2140 B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM justin.vandehey@sdstate.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX This research was funded solely by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. We thank M. Ebener, E, Olsen. S. Lenart. A. Martell P. Hanchin, C. Schelb, R. Claramunt. D. Dupras, P. Schneeberger, K. Koval. R. O'Neal, T. Kroeff, K. Royseck, M. Donofrio, D. Traynor, and E. Volkman tor assistance with sample collection. We also thank the following commercial fishermen for their assistance in sample collection: D. Hickey, T. King, K. King, B. Petersen, B. Peterson. Weborgs, C. Henriksen, G. Ruleau, L. Barbeau. K. Frazier. E. John, and M. Hermes. We extend I special thanks to all 4 the graduate Students at the University of Wisconsin Stevens Point tor their assistance in sample collection and processing. We thank B. D. S. Graeb. D. W. Willis, G.R. Moyer, M.A. Bozek, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments oil,I previous draft of this manuscript. Use of trade names throughout the manuscript does not constitute endorsement by the USA, Michigan, or Wisconsin governments. NR 74 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 382 EP 393 DI 10.1139/F08-213 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZD UT WOS:000264957700003 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Keyes, A Nislow, KH Monette, MY AF McCormick, Stephen D. Keyes, Amanda Nislow, Keith H. Monette, Michelle Y. TI Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACID WATER; CONNECTICUT RIVER; MARINE SURVIVAL; ALUMINUM; EXPOSURE; FISH; OSMOREGULATION; TOLERANCE; CHEMISTRY AB We conducted field Studies to determine the levels of acid and aluminum (Al) that affect survival, smolt development, ion homeostasis, and stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in restoration streams of the Connecticut River in southern Vermont. USA. Fish were held in cages in five streams encompassing a wide range of acid and At levels for two 6-day intervals during the peak of smolt development in late April and early May. Physiological parameters were unchanged from initial sampling at the hatchery and the high water quality reference site (pH > 7.0, inorganic At < 12 mu g.L-1). Mortality, substantial loss of plasma chloride, and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and elevated gill At Occurred at sites with the lowest pH (5.4-5.6) and highest inorganic Al (50-80 mu g.L-1). Moderate loss of plasma chloride, increased plasma cortisol and glucose, and moderately elevated gill Al occurred at less severely impacted sites. Gill Al was a better predictor of integrated physiological impacts than water chemistry alone. The results indicate that At and low pH under field conditions in some New England streams can cause mortality and impair smolt development in juvenile Atlantic salmon and provide direct evidence that episodic acidification is impacting conservation and recovery of Atlantic salmon in the northeastern USA. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Keyes, Amanda; Monette, Michelle Y.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.; Nislow, Keith H.; Monette, Michelle Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Morrill Sci Ctr 319, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX We thank Jim Sotiropoulos and Amy Regish for help with field sampling during this study. Barry Baldigo provided useful advice on cage construction. We thank Mike O'Dea for analyzing gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and preparation of figures. We thank Jason Coombs for drawing the map in Fig. 1. This study was funded by a grant from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative to S.D. McCormick and K.H. Nislow. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.1139/F09-002 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZD UT WOS:000264957700004 ER PT J AU Horton, GE Letcher, BH Bailey, MM Kinnison, MT AF Horton, Gregg E. Letcher, Benjamin H. Bailey, Michael M. Kinnison, Michael T. TI Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt production: the relative importance of survival and body growth SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; BROWN TROUT; POPULATION-DENSITY; TERRITORY SIZE; STREAM; PARR; TRUTTA; PATTERNS; NORTHERN; WINTER AB The complex life history of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) coupled with interacting abiotic and biotic factors leads to extreme demographic variability across the species range. Our goal was to evaluate the relative importance of survival and body growth in determining smolt production across space and time. We used passive integrated transponder tags and capture-mark-recapture analyses to estimate survival, emigration, and growth for six cohorts of presmolt Atlantic salmon in two streams (three cohorts per stream) in New England, USA. We observed remarkable among-cohort consistency in mean monthly survival during a 17-month period from age-0+ autumn to age-2+ spring yet high variability in monthly survival over shorter time intervals (seasons). Despite this latter variability, survival did not translate into among cohort differences in proportions of age-2+ versus age-3+ smolts. Alternatively, the high variability across seasons and cohorts in mean individual growth rate did lead to differences in within-cohort proportions of age-2+ versus age-3+ smolts (regardless of stream). We conclude that in our two small study streams, variability in growth and size impacted smolt age and ultimately, smolt production. Density-dependent effects on growth at the scale of the entire study site represent a possible mechanism underlying our observations. C1 [Horton, Gregg E.; Letcher, Benjamin H.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Bailey, Michael M.; Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Horton, GE (reprint author), 6489 Dry Creek Rd, Healdsburg, CA 95448 USA. EM greeg.horton@sbcglobal.net FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center; USFS Northern Experimental Research Station; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station FX We thank the crews on Shorey Brook and West Brook for their efforts in collecting field data. Thanks also to Bob Duda and the International Paper company for allowing us access across their land to sample and operate and maintain PIT tag detection systems. Scott Davidson and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier draft. Funding was provided by a grant through NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center and the USFS Northern Experimental Research Station. Michael Kinnison was further supported by the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 471 EP 483 DI 10.1139/F09-005 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZD UT WOS:000264957700011 ER PT J AU Millett, B Johnson, WC Guntenspergen, G AF Millett, Bruce Johnson, W. Carter Guntenspergen, Glenn TI Climate trends of the North American prairie pothole region 1906-2000 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MISSING DAILY MAXIMUM; GREAT-PLAINS; MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; ISOLATED WETLANDS; TIME-SERIES; DROUGHT; INDEX; LAKE; PRECIPITATION AB The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is unique to North America. Its millions of wetlands and abundant ecosystem goods and services are highly sensitive to wide variations of temperature and precipitation in time and space characteristic of a strongly continental climate. Precipitation and temperature gradients across the PPR are orthogonal to each other. Precipitation nearly triples from west to east from approximately 300 mm/year to 900 mm/year, while mean annual temperature ranges from approximately 1A degrees C in the north to nearly 10A degrees C in the south. Twentieth-century weather records for 18 PPR weather stations representing 6 ecoregions revealed several trends. The climate generally has been getting warmer and wetter and the diurnal temperature range has decreased. Minimum daily temperatures warmed by 1.0A degrees C, while maximum daily temperatures cooled by 0.15A degrees C. Minimum temperature warmed more in winter than in summer, while maximum temperature cooled in summer and warmed in winter. Average annual precipitation increased by 49 mm or 9%. Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) trends reflected increasing moisture availability for most weather stations; however, several stations in the western Canadian Prairies recorded effectively drier conditions. The east-west moisture gradient steepened during the twentieth century with stations in the west becoming drier and stations in the east becoming wetter. If the moisture gradient continues to steepen, the area of productive wetland ecosystems will shrink. Consequences for wetlands would be especially severe if the future climate does not provide supplemental moisture to offset higher evaporative demand. C1 [Millett, Bruce] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Johnson, W. Carter] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Millett, B (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Box 504, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM bruce.millett@sdstate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Science to Achieve Results (STAR); EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD); National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division (BRD) Climate Change Program and by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program, managed by the EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER). STAR research supports the agency's mission to safeguard human health and the environment. Twentieth century weather data were obtained from the National Climate Data Center (NCDC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U. S. Department of Commerce and Environment Canada (EC) Manitoba and Arctic. NR 75 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s10584-008-9543-5 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 409RK UT WOS:000263523300013 ER PT J AU Kent, ML Feist, SW Harper, C Hoogstraten-Miller, S Mac Law, J Sanchez-Morgado, JM Tanguay, RL Sanders, GE Spitsbergen, JM Whipps, CM AF Kent, Michael L. Feist, Stephen W. Harper, Claudia Hoogstraten-Miller, Shelley Mac Law, J. Sanchez-Morgado, Jose M. Tanguay, Robert L. Sanders, George E. Spitsbergen, Jan M. Whipps, Christopher M. TI Recommendations for control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 2008 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC SP Nicholas Sch Environm HO Duke Univ DE Fish; Pathogen; Research; Zebrafish; Medaka; Mycobacteria ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; ORNAMENTAL FISH; HIGH MORTALITY; LABORATORY ZEBRAFISH; MYCOBACTERIUM SPP.; UV INACTIVATION; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ANIMAL-MODEL AB Concerns about infectious diseases in fish used for research have risen along with the dramatic increase in the use of fish as models in biomedical research. In addition to acute diseases causing severe morbidity and mortality, underlying chronic conditions that cause low-grade or subclinical infections may confound research results. Here we present recommendations and strategies to avoid or minimize the impacts of infectious agents in fishes maintained in the research setting. There are distinct differences in strategies for control of pathogens in fish used for research compared to fishes reared as pets or in aquaculture. Also, much can be learned from strategies and protocols for control of diseases in rodents used in research, but there are differences. This is due, in part, the unique aquatic environment that is modified by the source and quality of the water provided and the design of facilities. The process of control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities is relatively new, and will be an evolving process over time. Nevertheless, the goal of documenting, detecting, and excluding pathogens in fish is just as important as in mammalian research models. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kent, Michael L.; Spitsbergen, Jan M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Feist, Stephen W.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculrure Sci, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Harper, Claudia] Amgen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hoogstraten-Miller, Shelley] Natl Inst HealthBldg, Anim Program, Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mac Law, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Sanchez-Morgado, Jose M.] CNIC, Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain. [Tanguay, Robert L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med T 160, Hlth Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanders, George E.] USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Whipps, Christopher M.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Kent, ML (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Michael.Kent@oregonstate.edu OI Whipps, Christopher/0000-0001-6139-0426 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000210, P30 ES000210-38] NR 103 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 EI 1878-1659 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 149 IS 2 SI SI BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.08.001 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 419NG UT WOS:000264225700016 PM 18755294 ER PT J AU Spitsbergen, JM Blazer, VS Bowser, PR Cheng, KC Cooper, KR Cooper, TK Frasca, S Groman, DB Harper, CM Law, JM Marty, GD Smolowitz, RM Leger, JS Wolf, DC Wolf, JC AF Spitsbergen, Jan M. Blazer, Vicki S. Bowser, Paul R. Cheng, Keith C. Cooper, Keith R. Cooper, Timothy K. Frasca, Salvatore, Jr. Groman, David B. Harper, Claudia M. Law, Jerry M. (Mac) Marty, Gary D. Smolowitz, Roxanna M. Leger, Judy St. Wolf, Douglas C. Wolf, Jeffrey C. TI Finfish and aquatic invertebrate pathology resources for now and the future SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 2008 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC SP Nicholas Sch Environm HO Duke Univ DE Fish pathology; Aquatic model; Pathology training program; Invertebrate pathology; Standardized diagnostic criteria; Environmental sentinel; Histopathology; Aquatic animal medicine ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; ZEBRAFISH RESEARCH; JAPANESE MEDAKA; DRUG DISCOVERY; MODEL ORGANISM; HUMAN-DISEASE; MUTANT; ECHINODERMATA; HISTOLOGY AB Utilization of finfish and aquatic invertebrates in biomedical research and as environmental sentinels has grown dramatically in recent decades. Likewise the aquaculture of finfish and invertebrates has expanded rapidly worldwide as populations of some aquatic food species and threatened or endangered aquatic species have plummeted due to overharvesting or habitat degradation. This increasing intensive culture and use of aquatic species has heightened the importance of maintaining a sophisticated understanding of pathology of various organ systems of these diverse species. Yet, except for selected species long cultivated in aquaculture, pathology databases and the workforce of highly trained pathologists lag behind those available for most laboratory animals and domestic mammalian and avian species. Several factors must change to maximize the use, understanding, and protection of important aquatic species: 1) improvements in databases of abnormalities across species; 2) standardization of diagnostic criteria for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions; and 3) more uniform and rigorous training in aquatic morphologic pathology. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Spitsbergen, Jan M.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spitsbergen, Jan M.] Oregon State Univ, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Bowser, Paul R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cheng, Keith C.] Penn State Coll Med, Div Expt Pathol, Jake Gittlen Canc Res Fdn, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Cooper, Keith R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Cooper, Timothy K.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Comparat Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Groman, David B.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Aquat Diagnost Serv, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Harper, Claudia M.] Amgen Inc, Preclin Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Law, Jerry M. (Mac)] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Marty, Gary D.] BC MAL, Ctr Anim Hlth, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. [Smolowitz, Roxanna M.] Cent Wharf, Anim Hlth, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Leger, Judy St.] Sea World San Diego, Pathol, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wolf, Jeffrey C.] Expt Pathology Labs Inc, Sterling, VA 20167 USA. RP Spitsbergen, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Ctr Fish Dis Res, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM spitsbej@onid.orst.edu RI Cheng, Keith/B-6506-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR12546, P40 RR012546, R24 RR017441, RR017441]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00210, ES03850, P30 ES000210, P30 ES003850, R21 ES013124-01A1, R21 ES013124-02] NR 141 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 149 IS 2 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 419NG UT WOS:000264225700017 PM 18948226 ER PT J AU Norman, LM Feller, M Guertin, DP AF Norman, Laura M. Feller, Mark Guertin, D. Phillip TI Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Distributed Geoinformatics and Sensing Ubiquity, and Mobility held in Conjunction with the 8th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory CY SEP 19, 2007 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA DE Urban growth; Forecasting; Predictions; Watershed; Modeling ID LAND-USE; MODEL AB The sister-city area of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, is known collectively as Ambos (both) Nogales. This area was historically one city and was administratively divided by the Gadsden Purchase in 1853, These arid-lands have limited and sensitive natural resources. Environmental planning can support sustainable development to accommodate the predicted influx of population. The objective of this research is to quantify the amount of predicted urban growth for the Ambos Nogales watershed to support future planning for Sustainable development. Two modeling regimes are explored. Our goal is to identify possible growth patterns associated with the twin-city area as a whole and with the two cities modeled as separate entities. We analyzed the cross-border watershed using regression analysis from satellite images from 1975, 1983, 1996, and 2002 and created urban area classifications. We used these classifications as input to the urban growth model, SLEUTH, to simulate likely patterns of development and define projected conversion probabilities. Model results indicate that the two cities are undergoing very different patterns of change and identify locations of expected growth based on historical development. Growth in Nogales, Arizona is stagnant while the urban area in Nogales, Sonora is exploding. This paper demonstrates ail application that portrays how future binational urban growth could develop and affect the environment. This research also provides locations of potential growth for use in city planning. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Norman, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Feller, Mark] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Guertin, D. Phillip] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Norman, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Ste 355, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0198-9715 J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 33 IS 2 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.10.003 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science GA 426VO UT WOS:000264736500008 ER PT J AU Murphy, PJ St-Hilaire, S Bruer, S Corn, PS Peterson, CR AF Murphy, Peter J. St-Hilaire, Sophie Bruer, Sarah Corn, Paul Stephen Peterson, Charles R. TI Distribution and Pathogenicity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Boreal Toads from the Grand Teton Area of Western Wyoming SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; chytridiomycosis; boreal toads; Wyoming ID BUFO-BOREAS; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; DISEASE; FROGS; WIDESPREAD; DECLINES; COLORADO; AMERICA AB The pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the skin disease chytridiomycosis, has been linked to amphibian population declines and extinctions worldwide. Bd has been implicated in recent declines of boreal toads, Bufo boreas boreas, in Colorado but populations of boreal toads in western Wyoming have high prevalence of Bd without suffering catastrophic mortality. In a field and laboratory study, we investigated the prevalence of Bd in boreal toads from the Grand Teton ecosystem (GRTE) in Wyoming and tested the pathogenicity of Bd to these toads in several environments. The pathogen was present in breeding adults at all 10 sites sampled, with a mean prevalence of 67%. In an experiment with juvenile toadlets housed individually in wet environments, 10(6) zoospores of Bd isolated from GRTE caused lethal disease in all Wyoming and Colorado animals within 35 days. Survival time was longer in toadlets from Wyoming than Colorado and in toadlets spending more time in dry sites. In a second trial involving Colorado toadlets exposed to 35% fewer Bd zoospores, infection peaked and subsided over 68 days with no lethal chytridiomycosis in any treatment. However, compared with drier aquaria with dry refuges, Bd infection intensity was 41% higher in more humid aquaria and 81% higher without dry refuges available. Our findings suggest that although widely infected in nature, Wyoming toads may escape chytridiomycosis due to a slight advantage in innate resistance or because their native habitat hinders Bd growth or provides more opportunities to reduce pathogen loads behaviorally than in Colorado. C1 [Murphy, Peter J.; St-Hilaire, Sophie; Bruer, Sarah; Peterson, Charles R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Corn, Paul Stephen] Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Murphy, PJ (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 650 Mem Dr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM pjmurphy@isu.edu FU USGS Park-Oriented Biological [77-NRMS]; University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Station; Office of Research at Idaho State University; ISU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee FX The authors thank Debra Patla for providing the locations of breeding sites and field assistance, and Hank Harlowe for logistical help and his expertise in local boreal toad ecology. Erin Muths, Jason Jones, Aaron Inouye, Blake Hossack, and Andrew Lilley also helped in the field. Susan Wolff helped obtain project funding. Joyce Longcore provided advice on chytrid culture. We thank the Colorado Division of Wildlife for providing us with animals from the John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species Restoration Facility. This project was funded by USGS Park-Oriented Biological Support (#77-NRMS), the University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Station, and the Office of Research at Idaho State University. All lab and field protocols were approved by the ISU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0230-4 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507FK UT WOS:000270837100015 PM 19418097 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Morino, K Didan, K Erker, J Osterberg, J Hultine, KR Glenn, EP AF Nagler, Pamela L. Morino, Kiyomi Didan, Kamel Erker, Joseph Osterberg, John Hultine, Kevin R. Glenn, Edward P. TI Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tamarisk; Pluchea; Populus; Prosopis; ground water; MODIS; EVI ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER-USE; SAP FLOW; EDDY COVARIANCE; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; RAMOSISSIMA STANDS; PROSOPIS-VELUTINA; POPULUS-FREMONTII; VEGETATION INDEX; NATIVE TREES AB In many places along the lower Colorado River, saltcedar (Tamarix spp) has replaced the native shrubs and trees, including arrowweed, mesquite, cottonwood and willows. Some have advocated that by removing saltcedar, we could save water and create environments more favourable to these native species. To test these assumptions we compared sap flux measurements of water used by native species in contrast to saltcedar, and compared soil salinity, ground water depth and soil moisture across a gradient of 200-1500 m from the river's edge on a floodplain terrace at Cibola National Wildlife Refuge (CNWR). We found that the fraction of land covered (f(c)) with vegetation in 2005-2007 was similar to that occupied by native vegetation in 1938 using satellite-derived estimates and reprocessed aerial photographs scaled to comparable spatial resolutions (3-4 m). We converted f(c) to estimates of leaf area index (LAI) through point sampling and destructive analyses (r(2) = 0.82). Saltcedar LAI averaged 2.54 with an f(c) of 0.80, and reached a maximum of 3.7 with an f(c) of 0.95. The ranges in f(c) and LAI are similar to those reported for native vegetation elsewhere and from the 1938 photographs over the study site. On-site measurements of water use and soil and aquifer properties confirmed that although saltcedar grows in areas where salinity has increased much better than native shrubs and trees, rates of transpiration are similar. Annual water use over CNWR was about 1.15 m, year(-1). Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Didan, Kamel] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Erker, Joseph] Pima Commun Coll, Tucson, AZ 85709 USA. [Osterberg, John] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hultine, Kevin R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 E S Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.edu FU Research and Development Office of the US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado FX We thank Roger Burnett, US Bureau of Reclamation, for supplying soil texture data and Dr Robert Webb, USGS, for making available archived aerial photography of the study area. We thank Dr Richard Waring for extremely helpful comments on the content and presentation of the paper. Funding was supplied by the Research and Development Office of the US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. NR 66 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 18 EP 33 DI 10.1002/eco.35 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 422ES UT WOS:000264410800002 ER PT J AU Schwilk, DW Keeley, JE Knapp, EE McIver, J Bailey, JD Fettig, CJ Fiedler, CE Harrod, RJ Moghaddas, JJ Outcalt, KW Skinner, CN Stephens, SL Waldrop, TA Yaussy, DA Youngblood, A AF Schwilk, Dylan W. Keeley, Jon E. Knapp, Eric E. McIver, James Bailey, John D. Fettig, Christopher J. Fiedler, Carl E. Harrod, Richy J. Moghaddas, Jason J. Outcalt, Kenneth W. Skinner, Carl N. Stephens, Scott L. Waldrop, Thomas A. Yaussy, Daniel A. Youngblood, Andrew TI The national Fire and Fire Surrogate study: effects of fuel reduction methods on forest vegetation structure and fuels SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE delayed mortality; dry forests; forest management; hazard reduction; prescribed burning; species richness; thinning ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SEASON PRESCRIBED FIRE; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; STAND STRUCTURE; TREE MORTALITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AB Changes in vegetation and fuels were evaluated from measurements taken before and after fuel reduction treatments (prescribed. re, mechanical treatments, and the combination of the two) at 12 Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) sites located in forests with a surface. re regime across the conterminous United States. To test the relative effectiveness of fuel reduction treatments and their effect on ecological parameters we used an information-theoretic approach on a suite of 12 variables representing the overstory (basal area and live tree, sapling, and snag density), the understory (seedling density, shrub cover, and native and alien herbaceous species richness), and the most relevant fuel parameters for wild. re damage (height to live crown, total fuel bed mass, forest floor mass, and woody fuel mass). In the short term (one year after treatment), mechanical treatments were more effective at reducing overstory tree density and basal area and at increasing quadratic mean tree diameter. Prescribed. re treatments were more effective at creating snags, killing seedlings, elevating height to live crown, and reducing surface woody fuels. Overall, the response to fuel reduction treatments of the ecological variables presented in this paper was generally maximized by the combined mechanical plus burning treatment. If the management goal is to quickly produce stands with fewer and larger diameter trees, less surface fuel mass, and greater herbaceous species richness, the combined treatment gave the most desirable results. However, because mechanical plus burning treatments also favored alien species invasion at some sites, monitoring and control need to be part of the prescription when using this treatment. C1 [Schwilk, Dylan W.; Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Schwilk, Dylan W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79411 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.; Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [McIver, James] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Bailey, John D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Harrod, Richy J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Moghaddas, Jason J.; Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Outcalt, Kenneth W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29643 USA. [Yaussy, Daniel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Schwilk, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM dylan.schwilk@ttu.edu RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 FU National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study [152]; USDA/DOI Joint Fire Science Program; National Fire Plan; USDA National Research Initiative FX This paper is contribution # 152 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study, funded by the USDA/DOI Joint Fire Science Program, the National Fire Plan, the USDA National Research Initiative, and the home institutions and agencies of participating scientists. We thank numerous field crew members who collected much of the data at the 12 research sites over 5+ years of this study for their dedication and hard work. We also acknowledge the critical role played by our partners in the forest management world, who were responsible for implementing the treatments in a timely manner. NR 95 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 6 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 285 EP 304 DI 10.1890/07-1747.1 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412IV UT WOS:000263719400003 PM 19323191 ER PT J AU Stephens, SL Moghaddas, JJ Edminster, C Fiedler, CE Haase, S Harrington, M Keeley, JE Knapp, EE McIver, JD Metlen, K Skinner, CN Youngblood, A AF Stephens, Scott L. Moghaddas, Jason J. Edminster, Carl Fiedler, Carl E. Haase, Sally Harrington, Michael Keeley, Jon E. Knapp, Eric E. McIver, James D. Metlen, Kerry Skinner, Carl N. Youngblood, Andrew TI Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western US forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fire hazard; fire policy; fire suppression; fire resistance; fuel management; fuel treatment; mixed conifer; ponderosa pine; wildfire ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; DRY FORESTS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BLUE MOUNTAINS; WILDLAND FIRE AB Forest structure and species composition in many western U. S. coniferous forests have been altered through. re exclusion, past and ongoing harvesting practices, and livestock grazing over the 20th century. The effects of these activities have been most pronounced in seasonally dry, low and mid-elevation coniferous forests that once experienced frequent, low to moderate intensity,. re regimes. In this paper, we report the effects of Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) forest stand treatments on fuel load profiles, potential fire behavior, and fire severity under three weather scenarios from six western U. S. FFS sites. This replicated, multisite experiment provides a framework for drawing broad generalizations about the effectiveness of prescribed. re and mechanical treatments on surface fuel loads, forest structure, and potential. re severity. Mechanical treatments without. re resulted in combined 1-, 10-, and 100-hour surface fuel loads that were significantly greater than controls at three of five FFS sites. Canopy cover was significantly lower than controls at three of five FFS sites with mechanical-only treatments and at all five FFS sites with the mechanical plus burning treatment;. re-only treatments reduced canopy cover at only one site. For the combined treatment of mechanical plus. re, all five FFS sites with this treatment had a substantially lower likelihood of passive crown. re as indicated by the very high torching indices. FFS sites that experienced significant increases in 1-, 10-, and 100-hour combined surface fuel loads utilized harvest systems that left all activity fuels within experimental units. When mechanical treatments were followed by prescribed burning or pile burning, they were the most effective treatment for reducing crown fire potential and predicted tree mortality because of low surface fuel loads and increased vertical and horizontal canopy separation. Results indicate that mechanical plus fire, fire-only, and mechanical-only treatments using whole-tree harvest systems were all effective at reducing potential. re severity under severe. re weather conditions. Retaining the largest trees within stands also increased. re resistance. C1 [Stephens, Scott L.; Moghaddas, Jason J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edminster, Carl] USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Haase, Sally] USFS, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Harrington, Michael] USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.; Skinner, Carl N.] USFS, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [McIver, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Metlen, Kerry] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Stephens, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stephens@nature.berkeley.edu RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 FU USDA-USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program FX This project was funded by the USDA-USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program. This is publication number 130 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project. We especially thank all forest managers, field crews, and forest operators from the six western. re surrogate sites that assisted us with this large project. We thank Jan van Wagtendonk, Danny Fry, and anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. NR 89 TC 161 Z9 167 U1 15 U2 80 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.1890/07-1755.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412IV UT WOS:000263719400004 PM 19323192 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A Grace, JB McIver, JD AF Youngblood, Andrew Grace, James B. McIver, James D. TI Delayed conifer mortality after fuel reduction treatments: interactive effects of fuel, fire intensity, and bark beetles SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE burning; Douglas-fir; latent mortality; path models; ponderosa pine; restoration treatments; stand structure; structural equation modeling; thinning ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; DENDROCTONUS-VALENS COLEOPTERA; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL; NORTHERN ARIZONA; EASTERN OREGON; UNITED-STATES; DRY FORESTS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; PRESCRIBED FIRES; STAND STRUCTURE AB Many low-elevation dry forests of the western United States contain more small trees and fewer large trees, more down woody debris, and less diverse and vigorous understory plant communities compared to conditions under historical. re regimes. These altered structural conditions may contribute to increased probability of unnaturally severe wild. res, susceptibility to uncharacteristic insect outbreaks, and drought-related mortality. Broad-scale fuel reduction and restoration treatments are proposed to promote stand development on trajectories toward more sustainable structures. Little research to date, however, has quantified the effects of these treatments on the ecosystem, especially delayed and latent tree mortality resulting directly or indirectly from treatments. In this paper, we explore complex hypotheses relating to the cascade of effects that influence ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) mortality using structural equation modeling (SEM). We used annual census and plot data through six growing seasons after thinning and four growing seasons after burning from a replicated, operational-scale, completely randomized experiment conducted in northeastern Oregon, USA, as part of the national Fire and Fire Surrogate study. Treatments included thin, burn, thin followed by burn (thin + burn), and control. Burn and thin + burn treatments increased the proportion of dead trees while the proportion of dead trees declined or remained constant in thin and control units, although the density of dead trees was essentially unchanged with treatment. Most of the new mortality (96%) occurred within two years of treatment and was attributed to bark beetles. Bark beetle-caused tree mortality, while low overall, was greatest in thin + burn treatments. SEM results indicate that the probability of mortality of large-diameter ponderosa pine from bark beetles and wood borers was directly related to surface. re severity and bole charring, which in turn depended on. re intensity, which was greater in units where thinning increased large woody fuels. These results have implications when deciding among management options for restoring ecosystem health in similar ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests. C1 [Youngblood, Andrew] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [McIver, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 FU U.S. Joint Fire Science Program; USDA NRI Competitive [9603859] FX The paper benefited from comments by C. Fettig, D. Johnson, D. Laughlin, D. Scott, S. Stephens, and two anonymous reviewers. This is contribution number 153 of the national Fire and Fire Surrogate study, funded in part by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. The USDA NRI Competitive Grants Program (# 9603859) funded the initial three years of the study. NR 93 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 321 EP 337 DI 10.1890/07-1751.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412IV UT WOS:000263719400005 PM 19323193 ER PT J AU Gehring, J Kerlinger, P Manville, AM AF Gehring, Joelle Kerlinger, Paul Manville, Albert M., II TI Communication towers, lights, and birds: successful methods of reducing the frequency of avian collisions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE collision; communication towers; fatality reduction; lighting systems; Michigan, USA; neotropical migratory songbird AB Estimates suggest that each year millions of birds, predominantly Neotropical migrating songbirds, collide with communication towers. To determine the relative collision risks that different nighttime Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) communication tower obstruction lighting systems pose to night-migrating birds, we compared fatalities at towers with different systems: white strobe lights only; red strobe-like lights only; red, flashing, incandescent lights only; and red, strobe-like lights combined with non-flashing, steady-burning, red lights. Avian fatality data used to compare these tower light systems were collected simultaneously in Michigan on 20 consecutive days during early morning hours during peak songbird migration at 24 towers in May and September 2005 (total = 40 days). Twenty-one towers were 116-146 m above ground level (AGL), and three were >= 305 m AGL. During the two 20-day sample periods, we found a mean of 3.7 birds under 116-146 m AGL towers equipped with only red or white flashing obstruction lights, whereas towers with non-flashing/steady-burning lights in addition to the flashing lights were responsible for 13.0 fatalities per season. Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA, Student's t test, and multiple comparisons procedures determined that towers lit at night with only flashing lights were involved in significantly fewer avian fatalities than towers lit with systems that included the FAA "status quo" lighting system (i.e., a combination of red,flashing lights and red, non-flashing lights). There were no significant differences in fatality rates among towers lit with red strobes, white strobes, and red, incandescent, flashing lights. Results from related studies at the same towers in May and September 2004 and September 2003 provide ancillary support for these findings. Our results suggest that avian fatalities can be reduced, perhaps by 50-71%,at guyed communication towers by removing non-flashing/steady-burning red lights. Our lighting change proposal can be accomplished at minimal cost on existing towers, and such changes on new or existing towers greatly reduce the cost of tower operation. Removing non-flashing lights from towers is one of the most effective and economically feasible means of achieving a significant reduction in avian fatalities at existing communication towers. C1 [Gehring, Joelle] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Kerlinger, Paul] Curry & Kerlinger LLC, Cape May Point, NJ 08212 USA. [Manville, Albert M., II] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Gehring, J (reprint author), Michigan Nat Features Inventory, Stevens T Mason Bldg,POB 30444, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM GehringJ@michigan.gov FU Michigan Natural Features Inventory; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Curry Kerlinger, LLC; Michigan State Police; United States Forest Service; Ornithological Council; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Central Michigan University; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Communications Commission; Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc FX We are extremely grateful to the many dedicated technicians who collected these data and the tower operators who granted them access to sites. The following organizations and agencies provided invaluable support: Michigan Natural Features Inventory, United States Fish and Wildlife Service (sponsor), Curry & Kerlinger, LLC (sponsor), Michigan State Police (sponsor), United States Forest Service, Ornithological Council, Michigan Department of Natural Resources (sponsor), Central Michigan University (sponsor), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (sponsor), Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Communications Commission, and Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc. We are especially grateful to the FAA for allowing lighting variances on 18 towers. Numerous individuals provided essential and diverse support to the authors and to the project, and for this we are very grateful. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1890/07-1708.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412IV UT WOS:000263719400018 PM 19323206 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Lawrence, GB Bode, RW Simonin, HA Roy, KM Smith, AJ AF Baldigo, Barry P. Lawrence, Gregory B. Bode, Robert W. Simonin, Howard A. Roy, Karen M. Smith, Alexander J. TI Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Stream acidification; Macroinvertebrates; Inorganic aluminum; Base cation surplus; acidBAP; Adirondacks ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BROOK TROUT; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; TOXICITY TESTS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; NORTH BRANCH; BIOTIC INDEX AB Limited stream chemistry and macroinvertebrate data indicate that acidic deposition has adversely affected benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in numerous headwater streams of the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. No studies, however, have quantified the effects that acidic deposition and acidification may have had on resident fish and macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the region. As part of the Western Adirondack Stream Survey, water chemistry from 200 streams was sampled five times and macroinvertebrate communities were surveyed once from a subset of 36 streams in the Oswegatchie and Black River Basins during 2003-2005 and evaluated to: (a) document the effects that chronic and episodic acidification have on macroinvertebrate communities across the region, (b) define the relations between acidification and the health of affected species assemblages, and (c) assess indicators and thresholds of biological effects. Concentrations of inorganic Al in 66% of the 200 streams periodically reached concentrations toxic to acid-tolerant biota. A new acid biological assessment profile (acidBAP) index for macroinvertebrates, derived from percent mayfly richness and percent acid-tolerant taxa, was strongly correlated (R(2) values range from 0.58 to 0.76) with concentrations of inorganic Al, PH, ANC, and base cation surplus (BCS). The BCS and acidBAP index helped remove confounding influences of natural organic acidity and to redefine acidification-effect thresholds and biological-impact categories. AcidBAP scores indicated that macroinvertebrate communities were moderately or severely impacted by acidification in 44-56% of 36 study streams, however, additional data from randomly selected streams is needed to accurately estimate the true percentage of streams in which macroinvertebrate communities are adversely affected in this, or other, regions. As biologically relevant measures of impacts caused by acidification, both BCS and acidBAP may be useful indicators of ecosystem effects and potential recovery at the local and regional scale. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.; Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bode, Robert W.; Smith, Alexander J.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Simonin, Howard A.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Rome Field Stn, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Roy, Karen M.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Ray Brook, NY 12977 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov; glawrenc@usgs.gov; rwbode@gw.dec.state.ny.us; hasimoni@gw.dec.state.ny.us; kmroy@gw.dec.state.ny.us; ajsmith@gw.dec.state.ny.us FU New York State Energy and Research Development Authority (NYSERDA); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) FX This project was made possible through financial support provided by the New York State Energy and Research Development Authority (NYSERDA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). The authors thank staff of the USGS, the NYSDEC, and the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation for field assistance, and to EcoAnalysts Inc., for processing (sorting and identifying) macroinvertebrate samples and for providing technical assistance. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 226 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378CI UT WOS:000261298300003 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ Shafer, SL White, D Kareiva, P Maurer, EP Blaustein, AR Bartlein, PJ AF Lawler, Joshua J. Shafer, Sarah L. White, Denis Kareiva, Peter Maurer, Edwin P. Blaustein, Andrew R. Bartlein, Patrick J. TI Projected climate-induced faunal change in the Western Hemisphere SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; birds; climate change; climate envelope models; future projections; mammals; range shifts; species distributions ID SPECIES-RICHNESS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; POTENTIAL CHANGES; RANDOM FORESTS; CHANGE IMPACTS; RANGE SHIFTS; PATTERNS; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY AB Climate change is predicted to be one of the greatest drivers of ecological change in the coming century. Increases in temperature over the last century have clearly been linked to shifts in species distributions. Given the magnitude of projected future climatic changes, we can expect even larger range shifts in the coming century. These changes will, in turn, alter ecological communities and the functioning of ecosystems. Despite the seriousness of predicted climate change, the uncertainty in climate-change projections makes it difficult for conservation managers and planners to proactively respond to climate stresses. To address one aspect of this uncertainty, we identified predictions of faunal change for which a high level of consensus was exhibited by different climate models. Specifically, we assessed the potential effects of 30 coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) future-climate simulations on the geographic ranges of 2954 species of birds, mammals, and amphibians in the Western Hemisphere. Eighty percent of the climate projections based on a relatively low greenhouse-gas emissions scenario result in the local loss of at least 10% of the vertebrate fauna over much of North and South America. The largest changes in fauna are predicted for the tundra, Central America, and the Andes Mountains where, assuming no dispersal constraints, specific areas are likely to experience over 90% turnover, so that faunal distributions in the future will bear little resemblance to those of today. C1 [Lawler, Joshua J.; Blaustein, Andrew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kareiva, Peter] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Maurer, Edwin P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Bartlein, Patrick J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlawler@u.washington.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685 NR 57 TC 186 Z9 192 U1 15 U2 154 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 588 EP 597 DI 10.1890/08-0823.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413EX UT WOS:000263776800002 PM 19341131 ER PT J AU Briggs, JS Wall, SBV Jenkins, SH AF Briggs, Jennifer S. Wall, Stephen B. Vander Jenkins, Stephen H. TI Forest rodents provide directed dispersal of Jeffrey pine seeds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE directed dispersal; caching behavior; conifer forest; Jeffrey pine; Lake Tahoe basin; Peromyscus maniculatus; rodents; seeds; Sierra Nevada; Spermophilus lateralis; Tamias amoenus; Tamias quadrimaculatus ID LAKE TAHOE BASIN; SECONDARY DISPERSAL; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; NORTH-AMERICA; WOOD MICE; RECRUITMENT; ESTABLISHMENT; PINYON; MONOPHYLLA; LANDSCAPE AB Some species of animals provide directed dispersal of plant seeds by transporting them nonrandomly to microsites where their chances of producing healthy seedlings are enhanced. We investigated whether this mutualistic interaction occurs between granivorous rodents and Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi) in the eastern Sierra Nevada by comparing the effectiveness of random abiotic seed dispersal with the dispersal performed by four species of rodents: deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus), yellow-pine and long-eared chipmunks ( Tamias amoenus and T. quadrimaculatus), and golden-mantled ground squirrels ( Spermophilus lateralis). We conducted two caching studies using radio-labeled seeds, the. first with individual animals in. field enclosures and the second with a community of rodents in open forest. We used artificial caches to compare the fates of seeds placed at the range of microsites and depths used by animals with the fates of seeds dispersed abiotically. Finally, we examined the distribution and survival of naturally establishing seedlings over an eight-year period. Several lines of evidence suggested that this community of rodents provided directed dispersal. Animals preferred to cache seeds in microsites that were favorable for emergence or survival of seedlings and avoided caching in microsites in which seedlings fared worst. Seeds buried at depths typical of animal caches (5-25 mm) produced at least. five times more seedlings than did seeds on the forest. floor. The four species of rodents differed in the quality of dispersal they provided. Small, shallow caches made by deer mice most resembled seeds dispersed by abiotic processes, whereas many of the large caches made by ground squirrels were buried too deeply for successful emergence of seedlings. Chipmunks made the greatest number of caches within the range of depths and microsites favorable for establishment of pine seedlings. Directed dispersal is an important element of the population dynamics of Jeffrey pine, a dominant tree species in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Quantifying the occurrence and dynamics of directed dispersal in this and other cases will contribute to better understanding of mutualistic coevolution of plants and animals and to more effective management of ecosystems in which directed dispersal is a keystone process. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Briggs, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Box 25046 Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jsbriggs@usgs.gov FU NSF [DEB-9708155] FX This work was partially funded by NSF grant DEB-9708155 to S. B. Vander Wall. The Biological Resources Research Center of the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), and the Nevada Biodiversity Initiative provided. financial and logistical support to J. S. Briggs. We thank the Incline Village General Improvement District and the Board of Directors of UNR's Whittell Forest and Wildlife Area for permission to conduct experiments on their lands. We appreciate the assistance of G. C. J. Fernandez, I. Aban, P. G. Smith, and N. J. Aebischer with statistical analyses. T. Thayer, M. Beck, J. Roth, J. Armstrong, G. Torres, M. Hendrick, M. Blees, C. Suzuki, and R. Wilson helped us in the. field. R. W. Briggs, A. M. Barber, and M. K. Clark provided valuable general assistance. J. C. Chambers, V. Pravosudov, NR 66 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 675 EP 687 DI 10.1890/07-0542.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413EX UT WOS:000263776800009 PM 19341138 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, DI Nichols, JD Seamans, ME Gutierrez, RJ AF Mackenzie, Darryl I. Nichols, James D. Seamans, Mark E. Gutierrez, R. J. TI Modeling species occurrence dynamics with multiple states and imperfect detection SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Spotted Owl; green frog; multiple states; occupancy modeling; Rana clamitans; relative abundance; reproductive state; state transition probabilities; Strix occidentalis occidentalis; system dynamics ID SPOTTED OWL; BREEDING DISPERSAL; RECAPTURE DATA; OCCUPANCY; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; QUALITY; SINKS; SPACE; MARK AB Recent extensions of occupancy modeling have focused not only on the distribution of species over space, but also on additional state variables ( e. g., reproducing or not, with or without disease organisms, relative abundance categories) that provide extra information about occupied sites. These biologist-driven extensions are characterized by ambiguity in both species presence and correct state classification, caused by imperfect detection. We. first show the relationships between independently published approaches to the modeling of multistate occupancy. We then extend the pattern-based modeling to the case of sampling over multiple seasons or years in order to estimate state transition probabilities associated with system dynamics. The methodology and its potential for addressing relevant ecological questions are demonstrated using both maximum likelihood ( occupancy and successful reproduction dynamics of California Spotted Owl) and Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation approaches ( changes in relative abundance of green frogs in Maryland). Just as multistate capture-recapture modeling has revolutionized the study of individual marked animals, we believe that multistate occupancy modeling will dramatically increase our ability to address interesting questions about ecological processes underlying population-level dynamics. C1 [Mackenzie, Darryl I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin 9058, New Zealand. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Seamans, Mark E.; Gutierrez, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Seamans, Mark E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mackenzie, DI (reprint author), Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, POB 5193, Dunedin 9058, New Zealand. EM darryl@proteus.co.nz NR 32 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 12 U2 104 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 823 EP 835 DI 10.1890/08-0141.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413EX UT WOS:000263776800022 PM 19341151 ER PT J AU Woolnough, DA Downing, JA Newton, TJ AF Woolnough, D. A. Downing, J. A. Newton, T. J. TI Fish movement and habitat use depends on water body size and shape SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE movement; allometric theory; spatial scale; predictive theory; ecosystem size ID HOME-RANGE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; TERRITORY SIZE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; AREA; CONSTRAINTS; LANDSCAPES AB Home ranges are central to understanding habitat diversity, effects of fragmentation and conservation. The distance that an organism moves yields information on life history, genetics and interactions with other organisms. Present theory suggests that home range is set by body size of individuals. Here, we analyse estimates of home ranges in lakes and rivers to show that body size of fish and water body size and shape influence home range size. Using 71 studies including 66 fish species on five continents, we show that home range estimates increased with increasing water body size across water body shapes. This contrasts with past studies concluding that body size sets home range. We show that water body size was a consistently significant predictor of home range. In conjunction, body size and water body size can provide improved estimates of home range than just body size alone. As habitat patches are decreasing in size worldwide, our findings have implications for ecology, conservation and genetics of populations in fragmented ecosystems. C1 [Woolnough, D. A.; Downing, J. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Newton, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Woolnough, DA (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Biol, 1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM daelynwoolnough@trentu.ca OI Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center; Iowa Department of Natural Resources FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Patricia Van Meter helped gather the literature used in this study. We are grateful to four anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00326.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408RB UT WOS:000263451300011 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Mather, ME AF Carey, M. P. Mather, M. E. TI Identifying across-system sources of variation in a generalist freshwater fish: correlates of total and size-specific abundance of yellow perch SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE yellow perch; comparative approach; pH gradient; fish community ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; RAINBOW SMELT; LAKE-MICHIGAN; FLAVESCENS; COMMUNITY; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATION; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES AB Variation in fish abundance across systems presents a challenge to our understanding of fish populations because it limits our ability to predict and transfer basic ecological principles to applied problems. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) is an ideal species for exploring environmental and biotic correlates across system because it is widely distributed and physiologically tolerant. In 16 small, adjacent systems that span a wide range of environmental and biotic conditions, yellow perch were sampled with a standard suite of gear. Water quality, morphometry, vegetation, invertebrates and fish communities were concurrently measured. Multimodel inference was used to prioritise regressors for the entire yellow perch sample and three size groups (35-80, 81-180, >= 181 mm TL). Across systems, pH and fish richness were identified as the key drivers of yellow perch abundance. At very low pH (< 4.0), few fish species and few yellow perch individuals were found. At ponds with moderately low pH (4.0-4.8), numbers of yellow perch increased. Ponds with high pH (> 4.8) had many other species and few yellow perch. Similar patterns for pH and fish community were observed for the two largest-size classes. Negative interactions were observed between the medium- and large-sized yellow perch and between the largest and smallest yellow perch, although interspecific interactions were weaker than expected. This examination of variability for an indicator species and its component-size classes provides ecological understanding that can help frame the larger-scale sampling programs needed for the conservation of freshwater fish. C1 [Carey, M. P.; Mather, M. E.] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mpcarey@uiuc.edu; mather@forwild.umass.edu RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012 FU National Park Service; USGS FX This project was funded by the National Park Service and administered through the Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, USGS. The Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, USGS, is a cooperative venture among the United States Geological Survey, the Department of Natural Resources Conservation at the University of Massachusetts - Amherst; the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries; the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife and the Wildlife Management Institute. We would like to thank Dr John Portnoy and Nancy Finley of the National Park Service for sharing their information, advice and support on many aspects of the project. Alicia Norris, Lil Knight, Eric Schneider, Michelle Monette, Ethan Nedeau and Kristen Ferry also provided assistance in many aspects of the laboratory and field components of the project. Jack Finn, Ben Letcher and Mike Sutherland provided useful reviews of previous drafts of the manuscript. Reviews by Dave Wahl, Brian Graeb with the aquatic ecology group at the Kaskaskia Biological Station, Donna Parrish and John Dettmers substantially improved the manuscript. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00335.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408RB UT WOS:000263451300017 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hill, EF AF Vyas, Nimish B. Spann, James W. Hill, Elwood F. TI Acute oral toxicities of wildland fire control chemicals to birds SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE American kestrel; Fire-Trol GTS-R (TM); Fire-Trol LCG-R (TM); Foams; Northern bobwhite; Phos-Chek D-75F (TM); Phos-Chek WD881 (TM); Red-winged blackbird; Retardants; Silv-Ex (TM) ID PESTICIDES AB Wildland fire control chemicals are released into the environment by aerial and ground applications to manage rangeland, grassland, and forest fires. Acute oral 24 h median lethal dosages (LD50) for three fire retardants (Fire-Trol GTS-R (TM), Phos-Chek D-75F (TM), and Fire-Trol LCG-R (TM)) and two Class A fire suppressant foams (Silv-Ex (TM) and Phos-Chek WD881 (TM)) were estimated for northern bobwhites, Colinus virginianus, American kestrels, Falco sparverius, and red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus. The LD50s of all chemicals for the bobwhites and red-winged blackbirds and for kestrels dosed with Phos-Chek WD881 (TM) and Silv-Ex (TM) were above the predetermined 2000mg chemical/kg body mass regulatory limit criteria for acute oral toxicity. The LD50s were not quantifiable for kestrels dosed with Fire-Trol GTS-R (TM), Phos-Chek D-75F (TM), and Fire-Trol LCG-R (TM) because of the number of birds which regurgitated the dosage. These chemicals appear to be of comparatively low order of acute oral toxicity to the avian species tested. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vyas, Nimish B.; Spann, James W.; Hill, Elwood F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, C-O BARC E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nvyas@usgs.gov RI Mavoa, Suzanne/B-5372-2010 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 862 EP 865 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.001 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 412ZG UT WOS:000263762100027 PM 19038451 ER PT J AU Gilchrist, S Gates, A Szabo, Z Lamothe, PJ AF Gilchrist, Sivajini Gates, Alexander Szabo, Zoltan Lamothe, Paul J. TI Impact of AMD on water quality in critical watershed in the Hudson River drainage basin: Phillips Mine, Hudson Highlands, New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environmental - Survival and Sustainability (ESS 2007) CY FEB 19-24, 2007 CL Lefkosa, CYPRUS DE Acid mine drainage; Pyrrhotite-pyrite oxidation; Melanterite; Goethite; Heavy metals ID MINING DISTRICT; SULFATE MINERALS; NATURAL-WATERS; TRACE-METALS; GROUNDWATER; IRON; SEDIMENTS; SOILS; USA; ADSORPTION AB A sulfur and trace element enriched U-Th-laced tailings pile at the abandoned Phillips Mine in Garrison, New York, releases acid mine drainage (AMD, generally pH < 3, minimum pH 1.78) into the first-order Copper Mine Brook (CMB) that drains into the Hudson River. The pyrrhotite-rich Phillips Mine is located in the Highlands region, a critical water source for the New York metro area. A conceptual model for derivation/dissolution, sequestration, transport and dilution of contaminants is proposed. The acidic water interacts with the tailings, leaching and dissolving the trace metals. AMD evaporation during dry periods concentrates solid phase trace metals and sulfate, forming melanterite (FeSO(4)center dot 7H(2)O) on sulfide-rich tailings surfaces. Wet periods dissolve these concentrates/precipitates, releasing stored acidity and trace metals into the CMB. Sediments along CMB are enriched in iron hydroxides which act as sinks for metals, indicating progressive sequestration that correlates with dilution and sharp rise in pH when mine water mixes with tributaries. Seasonal variations in metal concentrations were partly attributable to dissolution of the efflorescent salts with their sorbed metals and additional metals from surging acidic seepage induced by precipitation. C1 [Gilchrist, Sivajini; Gates, Alexander] Rutgers State Univ, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Szabo, Zoltan] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Lamothe, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gilchrist, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Smith Hall 137,101 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM sivajini@pegasus.rutgers.edu NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 397 EP 409 DI 10.1007/s00254-008-1310-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 407KI UT WOS:000263361600017 ER PT J AU Nestlerode, JA Engle, VD Bourgeois, P Heitmuller, PT Macauley, JM Allen, YC AF Nestlerode, Janet A. Engle, Virginia D. Bourgeois, Pete Heitmuller, Paul T. Macauley, John M. Allen, Yvonne C. TI An integrated approach to assess broad-scale condition of coastal wetlands - the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands pilot survey SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Coastal wetlands; Condition assessment; Gulf of Mexico; Multi-scale assessment approach; Regional pilot study ID HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; NATURAL-RESOURCES; USA AB The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a two-year regional pilot survey in 2007 to develop, test, and validate tools and approaches to assess the condition of northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands. Sampling sites were selected from estuarine and palustrine wetland areas with herbaceous, forested, and shrub/scrub habitats delineated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Status and Trends (NWI S&T) program and contained within northern GOM coastal watersheds. A multi-level, stepwise, iterative survey approach is being applied to multiple wetland classes at 100 probabilistically-selected coastal wetlands sites. Tier 1 provides information at the landscape scale about habitat inventory, land use, and environmental stressors associated with the watershed in which each wetland site is located. Tier 2, a rapid assessment conducted through a combination of office and field work, is based on best professional judgment and on-site evidence. Tier 3, an intensive site assessment, involves on-site collection of vegetation, water, and sediment samples to establish an integrated understanding of current wetland condition and validate methods and findings from Tiers 1 and 2. The results from this survey, along with other similar regional pilots from the Mid-Atlantic, West Coast, and Great Lakes Regions will contribute to a design and implementation approach for the National Wetlands Condition Assessment to be conducted by EPA's Office of Water in 2011. C1 [Nestlerode, Janet A.; Engle, Virginia D.; Macauley, John M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Bourgeois, Pete; Heitmuller, Paul T.; Allen, Yvonne C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Gulf Breeze Project Off, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Nestlerode, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM nestlerode.janet@epa.gov NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0668-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900003 PM 19037735 ER PT J AU Conaway, CH Black, FJ Gault-Ringold, M Pennington, JT Chavez, FP Flegal, AR AF Conaway, Christopher H. Black, Frank J. Gault-Ringold, Melanie Pennington, J. Timothy Chavez, Francisco P. Flegal, A. Russell TI Dimethylmercury in Coastal Upwelling Waters, Monterey Bay, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; METHYLATED MERCURY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; AQUEOUS-PHASE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MARINE FISH; METHYLMERCURY; SPECIATION; SURFACE AB Depth profiles of dimethylmercury (DMHg) concentration were determined at nearshore to offshore sites in Monterey Bay, California. The onset of spring upwelling in the bay was accompanied by increases in DMHg concentrations. Profiles show DMHg increasing gradually with depth in fall and winter from <0.03 pM at the surface to 0.5 pM at 200 m. During the spring, DMHg concentrations increased between 30 and 100 m, first within Monterey Bay, then offshore. This change was accompanied by an increase in DMHg concentrations in the surface water DMHg between fall/winter (<0.03 pM) and spring (0.06-0.29 pM). Microbial activity associated with the remineralization of sinking organic matter produced by the high primary production in the bay may result in the relatively high DMHg in subsurface water in the bay, which when upwelled may facilitate the incorporation of organomercury into biota. As a result, productive coastal upwelling areas may represent an important source of methylated mercury to surface waters, and thus be an important source of mercury to marine ecosystems. C1 [Conaway, Christopher H.; Black, Frank J.; Gault-Ringold, Melanie; Flegal, A. Russell] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gault-Ringold, Melanie] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Pennington, J. Timothy; Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Conaway, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cconaway@usgs.gov RI Gault-Ringold, Melanie/H-4089-2011; Conaway, Christopher/I-1077-2012 FU W.M. Keck Foundation FX This project was initiated as part of an undergraduate senior thesis project for M. G.-R. in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UCSC. Funding for the project was provided by the Friends of Long Marine Laboratory, the STEPS Institute, Crown College at UCSC, the Center for the Dynamics and Evolution of the Land-Sea Interface at UCSC, and a grant from the Packard Endowment for Ocean Sciences and Technology through the institute of Marine Sciences at UCSC. Some analyses were made with instrumentation provided by a grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation. We thank Nicolas Bloom, Priya Ganguli, Lydia Jennings, Ken Bruland, Carl Lamborg, Rob Mason, Kenjohnson, Marguerite Blum, and the crew of the RIV Point Lobos for their advice and support oil this project. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1309 DI 10.1021/es802705t PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412XX UT WOS:000263758600015 PM 19350895 ER PT J AU Bern, AM Lowers, HA Meeker, GP Rosati, JA AF Bern, Amy M. Lowers, Heather A. Meeker, Gregory P. Rosati, Jacky A. TI Method Development for Analysis of Urban Dust Using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry to Detect the Possible Presence of World Trade Center Dust Constituents SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The collapse of the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001, sent dust and debris across much of Manhattan and in the surrounding areas. Indoor and outdoor dust samples were collected and characterized by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). From this characterization, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and USGS developed a particulate screening method to determine the presence of residual World Trade Center dust in the indoor environment using slag wool as a primary "signature". The method describes a procedure that includes splitting, ashing, and sieving of collected dust From one split, a 10 mg/mL dust/isopropanol suspension was prepared and 10-30 mu L aliquots of the suspension placed on an SEM substrate. Analyses were performed using SEM/EDS manual point counting for slag wool fibers. Poisson regression was used to identify some of the sources of uncertainty, which are directly related to the small number of fibers present on each sample stub. Preliminary results indicate that the procedure is promising for screening urban background dust for the presence of WTC dust Consistent sample preparation of reference materials and samples must be performed by each laboratory wishing to use this method to obtain meaningful and accurate results. C1 [Bern, Amy M.] US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lowers, Heather A.; Meeker, Gregory P.] US Geol Survey, Cent Reg, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rosati, Jacky A.] S Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bern, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 25,POB 25227, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Bern.Amy@epa.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1454 DI 10.1021/es800865n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412XX UT WOS:000263758600038 PM 19350918 ER PT J AU Stebbins, KR Klimstra, JD Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT Heinz, GH AF Stebbins, Katherine R. Klimstra, Jon D. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Heinz, Gary H. TI A NONLETHAL MICROSAMPLING TECHNIQUE TO MONITOR THE EFFECTS OF MERCURY ON WILD BIRD EGGS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Albumen; Mercury; Nonlethal microsample; Reproductive success; Wild bird eggs ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; METHYL MERCURY; NORTH-AMERICA; METHYLMERCURY; SELENIUM; CONTAMINATION; FEATHERS; ALBUMIN; EMBRYOS; DUCKS AB Methylmercury is the predominant chemical form of mercury reported in the eggs of wild birds, and the embryo is the most sensitive life stage to methylmercury toxicity. Protective guidelines have been based mainly on captive-breeding studies with chickens (Gallus gallus), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) or on field studies where whole eggs were collected and analyzed and the effects of the mercury were measured based on the reproductive success of the remaining eggs. However, both of these methods have limitations. As an alternative, we developed a technique that involves extracting a small sample of albumen from a live egg, sealing the egg, returning the egg to its nest to be naturally incubated by the parents, and then relating the hatching success of this microsampled egg to its mercury concentration. After first developing this technique in the laboratory using chicken and mallard eggs, we selected the laughing gull (Larus atricilla) and black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) as test subjects in the field. We found that 92% of the microsampled laughing gull eggs met our reproductive endpoint of survival to the beginning of hatching compared to 100% for the paired control eggs within the same nests. Microsampled black-necked stilt eggs exhibited 100% hatching success compared to 93% for the paired control eggs. Our results indicate that microsampling is an effective tool for nonlethally sampling mercury concentrations in eggs and, as such, can be used for monitoring sensitive species, as well as for improving studies that examine the effects of mercury on avian reproduction. C1 [Stebbins, Katherine R.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Heinz, Gary H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stebbins, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stebbins.katherine@epamail.epa.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU CALFED Bay-elta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02DC12]; U. S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-elta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant ERP-02DC12) with additional support from the U. S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. The authors thank S. Stoner-Duncan, J. Shinn, K. Baumberger, B. McCulloch, and L. Yen for field assistance; R. Keister for laboratory analysis; P. Henry, N. Karouna-Renier, and M. McKernan for helpful comments that improved this manuscript; and K. Boone for creating the figure. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 465 EP 470 DI 10.1897/08-316.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 405DU UT WOS:000263203700003 PM 18937540 ER PT J AU Kuwabara, JS Topping, BR Lynch, DD Carter, JL Essaid, HI AF Kuwabara, James S. Topping, Brent R. Lynch, Dennis D. Carter, James L. Essaid, Hedeff I. TI BENTHIC NUTRIENT SOURCES TO HYPEREUTROPHIC UPPER KLAMATH LAKE, OREGON, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Benthic flux; Nutrient limitation; Phosphorus; Iron; Eutrophication ID SEASONAL-VARIATION; AMMONIA TOXICITY; EUTROPHIC LAKE; SEDIMENTS; IRON; COMPLEXATION; DIFFUSION; MODEL; WATER; FISH AB Three collecting trips were coordinated in April, May, and August 2006 to sample the water column and benthos of hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake (OR, USA) through the annual cyanophyte bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. A pore-water profiler was designed and fabricated to obtain the first high-resolution (centimeter-scale) estimates of the vertical concentration gradients of macro- and micronutrients for diffusive-flux determinations. A consistently positive benthic flux for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was observed with solute release from the sediment, ranging between 0.4 and 6.1 mg/m(2)/d. The mass flux over an approximate 200-km(2) lake area was comparable in magnitude to riverine inputs. An additional concern related to fish toxicity was identified when dissolved ammonium also displayed consistently positive benthic fluxes of 4 to 134 mg/m(2)/d, again comparable to riverine inputs. Although phosphorus was a logical initial choice by water quality managers for the limiting nutrient when nitrogen-fixing cyanophytes dominate, initial trace-element results from the lake and major inflowing tributaries suggested that the role of iron limitation on primary productivity should be investigated. Dissolved iron became depleted in the lake water column during the course of the algal bloom, while dissolved ammonium and SRP increased. Elevated macroinvertebrate densities, at least of the order of 104 individuals/m(2), suggested that the diffusive-flux estimates may be significantly enhanced by bioturbation. In addition, heat-flux modeling indicated that groundwater advection of nutrients could also significantly contribute to internal nutrient loading. Accurate environmental assessments of lentic systems and reasonable expectations for point-source management require quantitative consideration of internal solute sources. C1 [Kuwabara, James S.; Topping, Brent R.; Carter, James L.; Essaid, Hedeff I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lynch, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Kuwabara, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kuwabara@usgs.gov OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 FU The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation [06AA204159]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program FX The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation (Agreement 06AA204159), USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and National Research Program provided financial support for this research. The USGS Field Office in Klamath Falls (OR, USA) and the USGS Oregon Water Science Center supplied critical logistical support. F. Murphy (USGS) and R. Myhre (RM Machining, San Carlos, CA, USA) fabricated the pore-water profilers. S. Fend analyzed benthic macroinvertebrate samples. M. Gannett and J. Gronberg acquired tributarydischarge measurements. J. Cameron, D. Ciotti, L. Colvard, J. Duff, A. Engelstad, S. Foster, V. Greene, M. Lindenberg, F. Parchaso, B. Swift, and K. Wiese substantively contributed to field studies. R. Avanzino and C. Patton analyzed water samples for dissolved macronutrients. Constructive comments by J. Duff, N. Simon, and three anonymous reviewers are also appreciated. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1897/08-207.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 405DU UT WOS:000263203700010 PM 18980391 ER PT J AU Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT Yee, J Adelsbach, TL AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Yee, Julie Adelsbach, Terrence L. TI MERCURY DEMETHYLATION IN WATERBIRD LIVERS: DOSE-RESPONSE THRESHOLDS AND DIFFERENCES AMONG SPECIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Demethlyation; Liver; Selenium; Bird ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; COMMON LOONS; CHEMICAL FORM; SELENIUM INTERACTION; METHYLMERCURY; ACCUMULATION; TISSUES; SEABIRDS; USA AB We assessed methylmercury (MeHg) demethylation in the livers of adults and chicks of four waterbird species that commonly breed in San Francisco Bay: American avocets, black-necked stilts, Caspian terns, and Forster's terns. In adults (all species combined), we found strong evidence for a threshold model where MeHg demethylation occurred above a hepatic total mercury concentration threshold of 8.51 +/- 0.93 mu g/g dry weight, and there was a strong decline in %MeHg values as total mercury (THg) concentrations increased above 8.51 mu g/g dry weight. Conversely, there was no evidence for a demethylation threshold in chicks, and we found that %MeHg values declined linearly with increasing THg concentrations. For adults, we also found taxonomic differences in the demethylation responses, with avocets and stilts showing a higher demethylation rate than that of terns when concentrations exceeded the threshold, whereas terns had a lower demethylation threshold (7.48 +/- 1.48 mu g/g dry wt) than that of avocets and stilts (9.91 +/- 1.29 mu g/g dry wt). Finally, we assessed the role of selenium (Se) in the demethylation process. Selenium concentrations were positively correlated with inorganic Hg in livers of birds above the demethylation threshold but not below. This suggests that Se may act as a binding site for demethylated Hg and may reduce the potential for secondary toxicity. Our findings indicate that waterbirds demethylate mercury in their livers if exposure exceeds a threshold value and suggest that taxonomic differences in demethylation ability may be an important factor in evaluating species-specific risk to MeHg exposure. Further, we provide strong evidence for a threshold of approximately 8.5 mu g/g dry weight of THg in the liver where demethylation is initiated. C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yee, Julie] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Adelsbach, Terrence L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU California BayDelta Authority Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02DC12] FX This research was funded by the California BayDelta Authority Ecosystem Restoration Program (Grant ERP-02DC12). We thank R. Keister, S. Stoner-Duncan, J. Henderson, C. Johnson, S. Detwiler, J. Bluso, S. Demers, M. Ricca, A. Rex, L. Stinson, C. Marn, D. Tsao- Melcer, S. Spring, and L. Bowen for field and lab support. S. Schwarzbach, T. Suchanek, and the staffs of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Eden Landing Ecological Reserve (California Department of Fish and Game), Napa-Sonoma MarshWildlife Area (California Department of Fish and Game), C. Strong, M. Herzog, N. Athearn, J. Takekawa, A. K. Miles, and T. Maurer provided for logistical support, and B. Lasorsa (Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory) and R. Taylor (Texas A& M University) provided analytical support. We also thank H. Ohlendorf, M. Ricca, G. Heinz, and one anonymous reviewer for providing constructive reviews that substantially improved this manuscript. NR 39 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 23 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 568 EP 577 DI 10.1897/08-245.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 405DU UT WOS:000263203700015 PM 18937537 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM AF Nelson, Clifford M. TI The 16th International Geological Congress, Washington, 1933 SO EPISODES LA English DT Article AB In 1933, the International Geological Congress (IGC) returned to the United States of America (USA) for its sixteenth meeting, forty-two years after the 5(th) IGC convened in Washington. The Geological Society of America and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) supplied the major part of the required extra-registration funding after the effects of the Great Depression influenced the 72(nd) U.S. Congress not to do so. A reported 1,182 persons or organizations, representing fifty-four countries, registered for the 16(th) IGC and thirty-four countries sent 141 official delegates. Of the total number of registrants, 665 actually attended the meeting; 500 came from the USA; and fifteen had participated in the 5(th) IGC. The 16(th) Meeting convened in the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Building from 22 to 29 July. The eighteen half-day scientific sections-orogenesis (four), major divisions of the Paleozoic (three), miscellaneous (three), batholiths and related intrusives (two), arid-region geomorphic processes and products (one), fossil man and contemporary faunas (one), geology of copper and other ore deposits (one), geology of petroleum (one), measuring geologic time (one), and zonal relations of metalliferous deposits (one)-included 166 papers, of which fifty (including several of the key contributions) appeared only by title. The Geological Society of Washington, the National Academy of Sciences, and the U.S. Bureau of Mines hosted or contributed to evening presentations or receptions. Twenty-eight of the 16(th) IGC's thirty new guidebooks and one new USGS Bulletin, aided eight premeeting, seven during-meeting, and four post-meeting field trips of local, regional, or national scope. The remaining two new guidebooks outlined the USA's structural geology and its stratigraphic nomenclature. The 16(th) IGC published a two-volume monograph on the world's copper resources (1935) and a two-volume report of its proceedings (1936). C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 950, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 950, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cnelson@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC INDIA PI BANGALORE PA NO 63, 12TH CORSS, BASAPPA LAY OUT, GAVIPURAM PO, PO BOX 1922, BANGALORE, 560-019, INDIA SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 626VJ UT WOS:000279995100005 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Gossman, B Piazza, BP AF La Peyre, Megan K. Gossman, Bryan Piazza, Bryan P. TI Short- and Long-Term Response of Deteriorating Brackish Marshes and Open-Water Ponds to Sediment Enhancement by Thin-Layer Dredge Disposal SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Brackish marsh; Sediment enhancement; Dredged material; Restoration; Trajectory models ID RIVER DELTAIC PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; ORGANIC-MATTER; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NORTH-CAROLINA; WETLAND SOILS; LOUISIANA; ACCRETION AB Artificial sediment enhancement using a thin layer of dredged material has been suggested as a means to increase elevation and create soil conditions conducive to increased marsh structure and function in deteriorating marshes. Using a chronosequence approach, we examined the effects of sediment enhancement in deteriorating marsh and open-water pond habitats located in six brackish marshes. Sediment enhancement of both marsh and interior pond sites had significant, immediate, and long-lasting effects on physical soil properties and nutrient status with increased bulk density and inorganic nitrogen. Vegetative cover and productivity response were minimal for deteriorating vegetated marshes with the short-term response data showing no significant impact of sediment enhancement and long-term trends indicating decreasing productivity over time. In contrast, trajectory models of vegetative cover and productivity in interior pond sites showed increases over time indicating that, for restoration of interior ponds, sediment enhancement may prove valuable. The use of trajectory models emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring to determine restoration success of projects. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr,US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr,US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU NOAA Restoration Center FX We thank the NOAA Restoration Center for funding this project. John Rapp and Cheryl Brodnax with NOAA in Baton Rouge were critical in facilitating this project and providing helpful reviews. We thank Michelle Fischer for creating Fig. 1. We thank Felixcia Mendoza-Jones, Mason Piehler, and Whitney Gayle for the field and laboratory help on the project. We also thank Daniel Dearmon (LA-DNR, Thibodaux) for the Little Lake elevation data, Chris Toups (NRCS) for the other sites' elevation data, Quin Kinler (NRCS) for the help in locating sites, elevation data, and his insightful comments, and the many state employees who helped in tracking down sites. We also thank all the land owners and land managers who provided site access including Randy Moertle, Jeff Deblieux (Burlington Resources), Ed Mouton (LA DWF), and Jack Moore (Terrebonne Parish School Board). NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 390 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 407KJ UT WOS:000263361700015 ER PT J AU Coustenis, A Atreya, SK Balint, T Brown, RH Dougherty, MK Ferri, F Fulchignoni, M Gautier, D Gowen, RA Griffith, CA Gurvits, LI Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Leese, MR Lunine, JI Mckay, CP Moussas, X Muller-Wodarg, I Neubauer, F Owen, TC Raulin, F Sittler, EC Sohl, F Sotin, C Tobie, G Tokano, T Turtle, EP Wahlund, JE Waite, JH Baines, KH Blamont, J Coates, AJ Dandouras, I Krimigis, T Lellouch, E Lorenz, RD Morse, A Porco, CC Hirtzig, M Saur, J Spilker, T Zarnecki, JC Choi, E Achilleos, N Amils, R Annan, P Atkinson, DH Benilan, Y Bertucci, C Bezard, B Bjoraker, GL Blanc, M Boireau, L Bouman, J Cabane, M Capria, MT Chassefiere, E Coll, P Combes, M Cooper, JF Coradini, A Crary, F Cravens, T Daglis, IA de Angelis, E de Bergh, C de Pater, I Dunford, C Durry, G Dutuit, O Fairbrother, D Flasar, FM Fortes, AD Frampton, R Fujimoto, M Galand, M Grasset, O Grott, M Haltigin, T Herique, A Hersant, F Hussmann, H Ip, W Johnson, R Kallio, E Kempf, S Knapmeyer, M Kofman, W Koop, R Kostiuk, T Krupp, N Kuppers, M Lammer, H Lara, LM Lavvas, P Le Mouelic, S Lebonnois, S Ledvina, S Li, J Livengood, TA Lopes, RM Lopez-Moreno, JJ Luz, D Mahaffy, PR Mall, U Martinez-Frias, J Marty, B McCord, T Salvan, C Milillo, A Mitchell, DG Modolo, R Mousis, O Nakamura, M Neish, CD Nixon, CA Mvondo, D Orton, G Paetzold, M Pitman, J Pogrebenko, S Pollard, W Prieto-Ballesteros, O Rannou, P Reh, K Richter, L Robb, FT Rodrigo, R Rodriguez, S Romani, P Bermejo, M Sarris, ET Schenk, P Schmitt, B Schmitz, N Schulze-Makuch, D Schwingenschuh, K Selig, A Sicardy, B Soderblom, L Spilker, LJ Stam, D Steele, A Stephan, K Strobel, DF Szego, K Szopa, C Thissen, R Tomasko, MG Toublanc, D Vali, H Vardavas, I Vuitton, V West, RA Yelle, R Young, EF AF Coustenis, A. Atreya, S. K. Balint, T. Brown, R. H. Dougherty, M. K. Ferri, F. Fulchignoni, M. Gautier, D. Gowen, R. A. Griffith, C. A. Gurvits, L. I. Jaumann, R. Langevin, Y. Leese, M. R. Lunine, J. I. McKay, C. P. Moussas, X. Mueller-Wodarg, I. Neubauer, F. Owen, T. C. Raulin, F. Sittler, E. C. Sohl, F. Sotin, C. Tobie, G. Tokano, T. Turtle, E. P. Wahlund, J. -E. Waite, J. H. Baines, K. H. Blamont, J. Coates, A. J. Dandouras, I. Krimigis, T. Lellouch, E. Lorenz, R. D. Morse, A. Porco, C. C. Hirtzig, M. Saur, J. Spilker, T. Zarnecki, J. C. Choi, E. Achilleos, N. Amils, R. Annan, P. Atkinson, D. H. Benilan, Y. Bertucci, C. Bezard, B. Bjoraker, G. L. Blanc, M. Boireau, L. Bouman, J. Cabane, M. Capria, M. T. Chassefiere, E. Coll, P. Combes, M. Cooper, J. F. Coradini, A. Crary, F. Cravens, T. Daglis, I. A. de Angelis, E. de Bergh, C. de Pater, I. Dunford, C. Durry, G. Dutuit, O. Fairbrother, D. Flasar, F. M. Fortes, A. D. Frampton, R. Fujimoto, M. Galand, M. Grasset, O. Grott, M. Haltigin, T. Herique, A. Hersant, F. Hussmann, H. Ip, W. Johnson, R. Kallio, E. Kempf, S. Knapmeyer, M. Kofman, W. Koop, R. Kostiuk, T. Krupp, N. Kueppers, M. Lammer, H. Lara, L. -M. Lavvas, P. Le Mouelic, S. Lebonnois, S. Ledvina, S. Li, J. Livengood, T. A. Lopes, R. M. Lopez-Moreno, J. -J. Luz, D. Mahaffy, P. R. Mall, U. Martinez-Frias, J. Marty, B. McCord, T. Menor Salvan, C. Milillo, A. Mitchell, D. G. Modolo, R. Mousis, O. Nakamura, M. Neish, C. D. Nixon, C. A. Nna Mvondo, D. Orton, G. Paetzold, M. Pitman, J. Pogrebenko, S. Pollard, W. Prieto-Ballesteros, O. Rannou, P. Reh, K. Richter, L. Robb, F. T. Rodrigo, R. Rodriguez, S. Romani, P. Ruiz Bermejo, M. Sarris, E. T. Schenk, P. Schmitt, B. Schmitz, N. Schulze-Makuch, D. Schwingenschuh, K. Selig, A. Sicardy, B. Soderblom, L. Spilker, L. J. Stam, D. Steele, A. Stephan, K. Strobel, D. F. Szego, K. Szopa, C. Thissen, R. Tomasko, M. G. Toublanc, D. Vali, H. Vardavas, I. Vuitton, V. West, R. A. Yelle, R. Young, E. F. TI TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission SO EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE TandEM; Titan; Enceladus; Saturnian system; Landing probes ID HUYGENS PROBE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; LANDING SITE; ATMOSPHERE; METHANE; ORIGIN; MASS; ENRICHMENT; EVOLUTION; VOLATILES AB TandEM was proposed as an L-class (large) mission in response to ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Call, and accepted for further studies, with the goal of exploring Titan and Enceladus. The mission concept is to perform in situ investigations of two worlds tied together by location and properties, whose remarkable natures have been partly revealed by the ongoing Cassini-Huygens mission. These bodies still hold mysteries requiring a complete exploration using a variety of vehicles and instruments. TandEM is an ambitious mission because its targets are two of the most exciting and challenging bodies in the Solar System. It is designed to build on but exceed the scientific and technological accomplishments of the Cassini-Huygens mission, exploring Titan and Enceladus in ways that are not currently possible (full close-up and in situ coverage over long periods of time). In the current mission architecture, TandEM proposes to deliver two medium-sized spacecraft to the Saturnian system. One spacecraft would be an orbiter with a large host of instruments which would perform several Enceladus flybys and deliver penetrators to its surface before going into a dedicated orbit around Titan alone, while the other spacecraft would carry the Titan in situ investigation components, i.e. a hot-air balloon (MontgolfiSre) and possibly several landing probes to be delivered through the atmosphere. C1 [Coustenis, A.; Fulchignoni, M.; Gautier, D.; Lellouch, E.; Hirtzig, M.; Bezard, B.; Combes, M.; de Bergh, C.; Luz, D.; Sicardy, B.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Atreya, S. K.; Hirtzig, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Balint, T.; Baines, K. H.; Spilker, T.; Lopes, R. M.; Orton, G.; Reh, K.; Spilker, L. J.; West, R. A.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brown, R. H.; Griffith, C. A.; Lunine, J. I.; Lavvas, P.; Neish, C. D.; Tomasko, M. G.; Vuitton, V.; Yelle, R.] Univ Arizona, LPL, Tucson, AZ USA. [Ferri, F.] Univ Padua, CISAS, Padua, Italy. [Gurvits, L. I.; Pogrebenko, S.] Joint Inst VLBI Europe, Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Jaumann, R.; Sohl, F.; Grott, M.; Hussmann, H.; Knapmeyer, M.; Richter, L.; Schmitz, N.; Stephan, K.] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Langevin, Y.] Univ Paris 11, IAS, Orsay, France. [Leese, M. R.; Morse, A.; Zarnecki, J. C.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [McKay, C. P.] NASA, AMES, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Moussas, X.] Univ Athens, Fac Phys, Athens, Greece. [Neubauer, F.; Tokano, T.; Saur, J.; Paetzold, M.] Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [Owen, T. C.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Raulin, F.; Benilan, Y.; Coll, P.] Univ Paris 12, LISA, Creteil, France. [Sittler, E. C.; Bjoraker, G. L.; Cooper, J. F.; Fairbrother, D.; Flasar, F. M.; Kostiuk, T.; Mahaffy, P. R.; Nixon, C. A.; Romani, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sotin, C.; Tobie, G.; Grasset, O.; Herique, A.; Le Mouelic, S.] Fac Sci, Lab Planetol & Geodyanm, Nantes, France. [Turtle, E. P.; Krimigis, T.; Lorenz, R. D.; Mitchell, D. G.; Strobel, D. F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wahlund, J. -E.; Modolo, R.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. [Waite, J. H.; Crary, F.; Young, E. F.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Blamont, J.; Boireau, L.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Paris, France. [Dandouras, I.; Toublanc, D.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. [Krimigis, T.] Acad Athens, Athens, Greece. [Porco, C. C.] SSI, CICLOPS, Boulder, CO USA. [Choi, E.] Bombardier Aerosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Amils, R.; Martinez-Frias, J.; Menor Salvan, C.; Nna Mvondo, D.; Prieto-Ballesteros, O.; Ruiz Bermejo, M.] CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid, Spain. [Annan, P.] Sensors & Software, Mississauga, ON, Canada. [Atkinson, D. H.] Univ Idaho, NASA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Blanc, M.] Ecole Polytech, F-75230 Paris, France. [Bouman, J.; Koop, R.; Selig, A.; Stam, D.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Cabane, M.; Chassefiere, E.; Durry, G.; Szopa, C.] Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Capria, M. T.; Coradini, A.; de Angelis, E.; Milillo, A.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy. [Cravens, T.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Daglis, I. A.] Natl Observ Athens, Athens, Greece. [de Pater, I.; Ledvina, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dutuit, O.; Kofman, W.; Schmitt, B.; Thissen, R.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Planetol Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Frampton, R.] Boeing Co, Chicago, IL USA. [Fujimoto, M.; Nakamura, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chofu, Tokyo 1828522, Japan. [Haltigin, T.; Pollard, W.; Vali, H.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Hersant, F.] Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. [Ip, W.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Johnson, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Kallio, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Kempf, S.; Krupp, N.; Kueppers, M.; Mall, U.] Max Planck Inst, Lindau, Germany. [Lammer, H.; Schwingenschuh, K.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Lara, L. -M.; Lopez-Moreno, J. -J.; Rodrigo, R.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Lavvas, P.; Vardavas, I.] Univ Crete, FORTH, Iraklion, Greece. [Lebonnois, S.] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Li, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, IAP, LASG, Taipei, Taiwan. [Livengood, T. A.] USRA, Natl Ctr Earth & Space Sci Educ, Columbia, MD USA. [Luz, D.] CAAUL Observatorio Astron Lisboa, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Marty, B.] CRPG, Nancy, France. [McCord, T.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA USA. [Mousis, O.] Univ Franche Comte, CNRS, INSU, Inst UTINAM, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Nixon, C. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pitman, J.] Lockheed Martin Sensing & Explorat Syst, Denver, CO USA. [Rannou, P.] Univ Reims, Reims, France. [Robb, F. T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Rodriguez, S.] CEA, AIM, Saclay, France. [Sarris, E. T.] Democritus Univ Thrace, GR-67100 Xanthi, Greece. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Soderblom, L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Steele, A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Szego, K.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Raulin, F.; Benilan, Y.; Coll, P.] Univ Paris 07, Creteil, France. [Gowen, R. A.; Coates, A. J.; Achilleos, N.; Fortes, A. D.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Bloomsbury, England. [Dougherty, M. K.; Mueller-Wodarg, I.; Bertucci, C.; Dunford, C.; Galand, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP Coustenis, A (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM athena.coustenis@obspm.fr RI Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012; Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Vardavas, Ilias/G-7310-2011; Mahaffy, Paul/E-4609-2012; RANNOU, Pascal/I-9059-2012; Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Dunford, Charlotte/H-7439-2013; Luz, David/J-4588-2013; Daglis, Ioannis/L-6100-2013; Kostiuk, Theodor/A-3077-2014; Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo/M-9945-2014; Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta/L-1163-2014; Kofman, Wlodek/C-4556-2008; Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Galand, Marina/C-6804-2009; Fortes, Andrew/C-1349-2011; Schmitt, Bernard/A-1064-2009; Menor-Salvan, Cesar/H-5961-2011; Knapmeyer, Martin/A-5783-2012; Livengood, Timothy/C-8512-2012; Flasar, F Michael/C-8509-2012; Romani, Paul/D-2729-2012; Cooper, John/D-4709-2012; Bjoraker, Gordon/D-5032-2012; Bouman, Johannes/C-3521-2015; szopa, cyril/C-6865-2015; Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan/C-7976-2011; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; Kallio, Esa/F-9410-2014; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; Herique, Alain/E-7210-2017; OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943; Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Dunford, Charlotte/0000-0003-1470-7480; Luz, David/0000-0002-9473-8035; Daglis, Ioannis/0000-0002-0764-3442; Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo/0000-0001-6308-7826; Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta/0000-0002-8059-1335; Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; Fortes, Andrew/0000-0001-5907-2285; Schmitt, Bernard/0000-0002-1230-6627; Menor-Salvan, Cesar/0000-0002-1238-190X; Knapmeyer, Martin/0000-0003-0319-2514; szopa, cyril/0000-0002-0090-4056; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Kallio, Esa/0000-0002-9791-804X; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Herique, Alain/0000-0003-3699-883X; Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118; capria, maria teresa/0000-0002-9814-9588; Bertucci, Cesar/0000-0002-2540-5384; Achilleos, Nicholas/0000-0002-5886-3509; Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan/0000-0002-7946-2624; Robb, Frank/0000-0001-5833-6496; Milillo, Anna/0000-0002-0266-2556; LEBONNOIS, SEBASTIEN/0000-0002-2390-8164; De Angelis, Elisabetta/0000-0003-0537-6376; KEMPF, SASCHA/0000-0001-5236-3004 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/D00084X/1] NR 51 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6435 J9 EXP ASTRON JI Exp. Astron. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 893 EP 946 DI 10.1007/s10686-008-9103-z PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 409RP UT WOS:000263523800007 ER PT J AU Kimball, BE Mathur, R Dohnalkova, AC Wall, AJ Runkel, RL Brantley, SL AF Kimball, B. E. Mathur, R. Dohnalkova, A. C. Wall, A. J. Runkel, R. L. Brantley, S. L. TI Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ZN ISOTOPES; CELL-WALLS; CU; CHALCOPYRITE; IRON AB We measured the Cu isotopic composition of primary minerals and stream water affected by acid mine drainage in a mineralized watershed (Colorado, USA). The delta(65)Cu values (based on (65)Cu/(63)Cu) of enargite (delta(65)Cu = -0.01 +/- 0.10 parts per thousand; 2 sigma) and chalcopyrite (delta(65)Cu = 0.16 +/- 0.10 parts per thousand) are within the range of reported values for terrestrial primary Cu sulfides (-1 parts per thousand < delta(65)Cu < 1 parts per thousand). These mineral samples show lower delta(65)Cu values than stream waters (1.38 parts per thousand <= delta(65)Cu <= 1.69 parts per thousand). The average isotopic fractionation (Delta(aq-min) = delta(65)Cu(aq) - delta(65)Cu(min), where the latter is measured on mineral samples from the field system), equals 1.43 +/- 0.14 parts per thousand and 1.60 +/- 0.14 parts per thousand for chalcopyrite and enargite, respectively. To interpret this field survey, we leached chalcopyrite and enargite in batch experiments and found that, as in the field, the leachate is enriched in (65)Cu relative to chalcopyrite (1.37 +/- 0.14 parts per thousand) and enargite (0.98 +/- 0.14 parts per thousand) when microorganisms are absent. Leaching of minerals in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans results in smaller average fractionation in the opposite direction for chalcopyrite (Delta(aq-min degrees) = -0.57 +/- 0.14 parts per thousand, where min degrees refers to the starting mineral) and no apparent fractionation for enargite (Delta(aq-min degrees) = 0.14 +/- 0.14 parts per thousand). Abiotic fractionation is attributed to preferential oxidation of (65)Cu(+) at the interface of the isotopically homogeneous mineral and the surface oxidized layer, followed by solubilization. When microorganisms are present, the abiotic fractionation is most likely not seen due to preferential association of (65)Cu(aq) with A. ferrooxidans cells and related precipitates. In the biotic experiments, Cu was observed under TEM to occur in precipitates around bacteria and in intracellular polyphosphate granules. Thus, the values of delta(65)Cu in the field and laboratory systems are presumably determined by the balance of Cu released abiotically and Cu that interacts with cells and related precipitates. Such isotopic signatures resulting from Cu sulfide dissolution should be useful for acid mine drainage remediation and ore prospecting purposes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kimball, B. E.; Wall, A. J.; Brantley, S. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Mathur, R.] Juniata Coll, Dept Geol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Dohnalkova, A. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Runkel, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kimball, BE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM bkimball@geosc.psu.edu RI mathur, ryan/A-5278-2010 FU Penn State Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education (BRIE) [DGE-9972759]; EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR); Penn State Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis (CEKA) [CHE-0431328]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG05GN72G]; US DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX Funding was provided by the Penn State Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education (BRIE) (NSF grant DGE-9972759), the EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) fellowship program, the Penn State Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis (CEKA) (NSF grant CHE-0431328), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant NNG05GN72G. We thank J. Kittleson, H. Gong, and Y. Luo (Penn State) for assistance with elemental analyses, G. Hart and J. Vervoort (Washington State University) for facilitation of isotope analyses, and J. Steiger for measuring ferrous and total dissolved Fe concentrations in stream samples. TEM imaging and analyses were performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility operated by Battelle for the US DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. D. Borrok, two anonymous reviewers, and D. Cole made comments that improved this work. NR 92 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1263 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.035 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 412GX UT WOS:000263714300003 ER PT J AU Okubo, CH Schultz, RA Chan, MA Komatsu, G AF Okubo, Chris H. Schultz, Richard A. Chan, Marjorie A. Komatsu, Goro CA HiRISE Team TI Deformation band clusters on Mars and implications for subsurface fluid flow SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE deformation band; fault; fluid flow; diagenesis; Mars ID MARTIAN GEOLOGIC RECORD; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; POROUS SANDSTONE; DIAGENETIC HEMATITE; SURFACE MATERIALS; CATACLASTIC FLOW; BURNS FORMATION; THARSIS REGION; SOUTHERN UTAH; CANDOR-CHASMA AB High-resolution imagery reveals unprecedented lines of evidence for the presence of deformation band clusters in layered sedimentary deposits in the equatorial region of Mars. Deformation bands are a class of geologic structural discontinuity that is a precursor to faults in elastic rocks and soils. Clusters of deformation bands, consisting of many hundreds of individual subparallel bands, can act as important structural controls on subsurface fluid flow in terrestrial reservoirs, and evidence of diagenetic processes is often preserved along them. Deformation band clusters are identified on Mars based on characteristic meter-scale architectures and geologic context as observed in data from the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera. The identification of deformation band clusters on Mars is a key to investigating the migration of fluids between surface and subsurface reservoirs in the planet's vast sedimentary deposits. Similar to terrestrial examples, evidence of diagenesis in the form of light and dark-toned discoloration and wall-rock induration is recorded along many of the deformation band clusters on Mars. Therefore, these structures are important sites for future exploration and investigations into the geologic history of water and water-related processes on Mars. C1 [Okubo, Chris H.; HiRISE Team] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schultz, Richard A.] Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Dept Geol Sci 172, Geomech Rock Fracture Grp, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Chan, Marjorie A.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Komatsu, Goro] Univ Annuzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. RP Okubo, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cokubo@usgs.gov RI Schultz, Richard/J-4015-2015; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012 OI Schultz, Richard/0000-0003-3198-5263; Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mars Data Analysis Program [05-MDAP05-0002] FX We thank Haakon Fossen and an anonymous reviewer for comments that helped to improve this paper. This work was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mars Data Analysis Program to C.H. Okubo (05-MDAP05-0002). NR 71 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3-4 BP 474 EP 482 DI 10.1130/B26421.1 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 401TG UT WOS:000262964700009 ER PT J AU Draut, AE Bothner, MH Field, ME Reynolds, RL Cochran, SA Logan, JB Storlazzi, CD Berg, CJ AF Draut, A. E. Bothner, M. H. Field, M. E. Reynolds, R. L. Cochran, S. A. Logan, J. B. Storlazzi, C. D. Berg, C. J. TI Supply and dispersal of flood sediment from a steep, tropical watershed: Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE coastal sediment; Hawaiian Islands; floods; flood deposits; coral reefs ID LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION; CORAL-REEFS; PB-210 GEOCHRONOLOGY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; ACCUMULATION RATES; RIVER SEDIMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EEL SHELF; CALIFORNIA AB In contrast to many small, mountainous watersheds in temperate coastal regions, where fluvial discharge and wave energy commonly coincide, deposition and reworking of tropical flood sediment can be seasonally decoupled, and this has important implications for coral-reef ecosystems. An understanding of the interaction between tropical flood sedimentation and wave climate is essential to identifying and mitigating effects of watershed changes on coral reefs as urbanization and climate change proceed. Sedimentary facies; and isotopic properties of sediment in Hanalei Bay, on the island of Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA, were used to assess deposition and reworking of flood deposits from the Hanalei River in a case study demonstrating the potential ecosystem effects of runoff from a steep, tropical watershed. In Hanalei Bay, the youngest and thickest terrigenous sediment was consistently present near the river mouth and in a bathymetric depression that acted as at least a temporary sediment sink. During this 2 yr study, the largest flood events occurred in late winter and spring 2006; substantial terrestrial sediment delivered by those floods still remained in the bay as of June 2006 because oceanic conditions were not sufficiently energetic to transport all of the sediment offshore. Additional sediment was deposited in the bay by a summer 2006 flood that coincided with seasonal low wave energy. In most years, flood sediment accumulating in the bay and on its fringing reefs would be remobilized and advected out of the bay during winter, when the wave climate is energetic. Turbidity and sedimentation on corals resulting from late spring and summer floods during low wave energy could have a greater impact on coral-reef ecosystems than floods in other seasons, an effect that could be exacerbated if the incidence and sediment load of tropical summer floods increase due to urbanization and climate change. C1 [Draut, A. E.; Field, M. E.; Cochran, S. A.; Logan, J. B.; Storlazzi, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bothner, M. H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Reynolds, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Berg, C. J.] Hanalei Watershed Hui, Hanalei, HI 96714 USA. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM adraut@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This project was supported as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coral Reef Project. Ron Hocke, Kathy Presto, and Thomas Reiss assisted with field work. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory by Sandra Baldwin, Olivia Buchan, Michael Casso, Harland Goldstein, and Jiang Xiao. Jason Nachanikin is thanked for his contribution to the discussion oftropical meteorology. Charles Bass. Garrett Santos. Ryan Siebring, and Earl Loder are thanked for boat operation and assistance. Jill Nishimura. Heather Jeppesen. and Barry Hill (USGS-Water Resources Division) provided information on water and sediment discharge from the USGS Hanalei River strearn gage. Wave data were obtained from NOAA's National Data Buoy Center. This paper has been substantially improved by review comments from Rob Wheatcroft. Elana Leithold. Jon Warrick. and Eric Grossman. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3-4 BP 574 EP 585 DI 10.1130/B26367.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 401TG UT WOS:000262964700015 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP Wald, DJ AF Hayes, Gavin P. Wald, David J. TI Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori - a probabilistic approach SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake dynamics; Earthquake source observations; Seismicity and tectonics; Subduction zone processes ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; 26 DECEMBER 2004; SEDIMENT SUBDUCTION; ACCRETIONARY WEDGES; STATIC OFFSETS; THRUST BELTS; DEFORMATION; JAPAN; DYNAMICS; ZONE AB A key step in many earthquake source inversions requires knowledge of the geometry of the fault surface on which the earthquake occurred. Our knowledge of this surface is often uncertain, however, and as a result fault geometry misinterpretation can map into significant error in the final temporal and spatial slip patterns of these inversions. Relying solely on an initial hypocentre and CMT mechanism can be problematic when establishing rupture characteristics needed for rapid tsunami and ground shaking estimates. Here, we attempt to improve the quality of fast finite-fault inversion results by combining several independent and complementary data sets to more accurately constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane of subducting slabs. Unlike previous analyses aimed at defining the general form of the plate interface, we require mechanisms and locations of the seismicity considered in our inversions to be consistent with their occurrence on the plate interface, by limiting events to those with well-constrained depths and with CMT solutions indicative of shallow-dip thrust faulting. We construct probability density functions about each location based on formal assumptions of their depth uncertainty and use these constraints to solve for the 'most-likely' fault plane. Examples are shown for the trench in the source region of the M(w) 8.6 Southern Sumatra earthquake of March 2005, and for the Northern Chile Trench in the source region of the November 2007 Antofagasta earthquake. We also show examples using only the historic catalogues in regions without recent great earthquakes, such as the Japan and Kamchatka Trenches. In most cases, this method produces a fault plane that is more consistent with all of the data available than is the plane implied by the initial hypocentre and CMT mechanism. Using the aggregated data sets, we have developed an algorithm to rapidly determine more accurate initial fault plane geometries for source inversions of future earthquakes. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 33 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 176 IS 3 BP 951 EP 964 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04035.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 408RN UT WOS:000263452600020 ER PT J AU Webster, JM Braga, JC Clague, DA Gallup, C Hein, JR Potts, DC Renema, W Riding, R Riker-Coleman, K Silver, E Wallace, LM AF Webster, Jody M. Carlos Braga, Juan Clague, David A. Gallup, Christina Hein, James R. Potts, Donald C. Renema, Willem Riding, Robert Riker-Coleman, Kristin Silver, Eli Wallace, Laura M. TI Coral reef evolution on rapidly subsiding margins SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sea Level Changes - Records, Processes and Modeling CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Presquile de Giens, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Sedimentologists, Soc Sedimentary Geol, TOTAL, CNRS, Prov Alpes Cote Azur Reg, French Assoc Sedimentologists DE carbonate platforms; coral reefs; drowning; sedimentary facies; Pleistocene sea-level change; meltwater pulse events; Hawaii; Papua New Guinea ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MELTWATER PULSE 1A; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; ARC-CONTINENT COLLISION; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RECORDS; LAST GLACIAL CYCLE; HUON-PENINSULA; CARBONATE PLATFORMS; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; BARRIER-REEF AB A series of well-developed submerged coral reefs are preserved in the Huon Gulf (Papua New Guinea) and around Hawaii. Despite different tectonics settings, both regions have experienced rapid subsidence (2-6 m/ka) over the last 500 ka. Rapid subsidence, combined with eustatic sea-level changes, is responsible for repeated drowning and backstepping of coral reefs over this period. Because we can place quantitative constraints on these systems (i.e., reef drowning age, eustatic sea-level changes, subsidence rates, accretion rates, basement substrates, and paleobathymetry), these areas represent unique natural laboratories for exploring the roles of tectonics, reef accretion, and eustatic sea-level changes in controlling the evolution of individual reefs, as well as backstepping of the entire system. A review of new and existing bathymetric, radiometric, sedimentary facies and numerical modeling data indicate that these reefs have had long, complex growth histories and that they are highly sensitive, recording drowning not only during major deglaciations, but also during high-frequency, small-amplitude interstadial and deglacial meltwater pulse events. Analysis of five generalized sedimentary facies shows that reef drowning is characterized by a distinct biological and sedimentary sequence. Observational and numerical modeling data indicate that on precessional (20 ka) and sub-orbital timescales, the rate and amplitude of eustatic sea-level changes are critical in controlling initiation, growth, drowning or sub-aerial exposure, subsequent reinitiation, and final drowning. However, over longer timescales (>100-500 ka) continued tectonic subsidence and basement substrate morphology influence broad scale reef morphology and backstepping geometries. Drilling of these reefs will yield greatly expanded stratigraphic sections compared with similar reefs on slowly subsiding, stable and uplifting margins, and thus they represent a unique archive of sea-level and climate changes, as well as a record of the response of coral reefs to these changes over the last six glacial cycles. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Webster, Jody M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Webster, Jody M.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Carlos Braga, Juan] Univ Granada, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Gallup, Christina; Riker-Coleman, Kristin] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Potts, Donald C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Renema, Willem] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Leiden, Netherlands. [Riding, Robert] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth Ocean & Planetary Sci, Cardiff CF10 3YE, S Glam, Wales. [Silver, Eli] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wallace, Laura M.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Webster, JM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM jody.webster@usyd.edu.au RI Wallace, Laura/K-6637-2012; Renema, Willem/E-2851-2016 OI Renema, Willem/0000-0002-1627-5995 NR 76 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 129 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.07.010 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 463MG UT WOS:000267435700013 ER PT J AU Balshi, MS McGuirez, AD Duffy, P Flannigan, M Walsh, J Melillo, J AF Balshi, Michael S. McGuirez, A. David Duffy, Paul Flannigan, Mike Walsh, John Melillo, Jerry TI Assessing the response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; climate change; fire; future area burned; Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines ID FOREST-FIRES; FUTURE FIRE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; HIGH-LATITUDES; WILDLAND FIRE; CANADA; WILDFIRE; ALASKA; VEGETATION; IMPACT AB Fire is a common disturbance in the North American boreal forest that influences ecosystem structure and function. The temporal and spatial dynamics of fire are likely to be altered as climate continues to change. In this study, we ask the question: how will area burned in boreal North America by wildfire respond to future changes in climate? To evaluate this question, we developed temporally and spatially explicit relationships between air temperature and fuel moisture codes derived from the Canadian Fire Weather Index System to estimate annual area burned at 2.5 degrees (latitude x longitude) resolution using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) approach across Alaska and Canada. Burned area was substantially more predictable in the western portion of boreal North America than in eastern Canada. Burned area was also not very predictable in areas of substantial topographic relief and in areas along the transition between boreal forest and tundra. At the scale of Alaska and western Canada, the empirical fire models explain on the order of 82% of the variation in annual area burned for the period 1960-2002. July temperature was the most frequently occurring predictor across all models, but the fuel moisture codes for the months June through August (as a group) entered the models as the most important predictors of annual area burned. To predict changes in the temporal and spatial dynamics of fire under future climate, the empirical fire models used output from the Canadian Climate Center CGCM2 global climate model to predict annual area burned through the year 2100 across Alaska and western Canada. Relative to 1991-2000, the results suggest that average area burned per decade will double by 2041-2050 and will increase on the order of 3.5-5.5 times by the last decade of the 21st century. To improve the ability to better predict wildfire across Alaska and Canada, future research should focus on incorporating additional effects of long-term and successional vegetation changes on area burned to account more fully for interactions among fire, climate, and vegetation dynamics. C1 [Balshi, Michael S.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Balshi, Michael S.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuirez, A. David] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Duffy, Paul] Neptune & Co, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Flannigan, Mike] Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Walsh, John] Univ Alaska, Int Arct Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Melillo, Jerry] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Balshi, MS (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, 39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM m.balshi@unh.edu RI Flannigan, Michael/G-6996-2015 OI Flannigan, Michael/0000-0002-9970-5363 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0120468]; Office of Polar Programs [OPP-0531047, OPP-0328282, OPP-0327664]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG05GD25G]; Bonanza Creek LTER; NSF [DEB-0423442]; USDA [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; HPC FX Funding for this study was provided by grants from the National Science Foundation Biocomplexity Program (ATM-0120468) and Office of Polar Programs (OPP-0531047, OPP-0328282, and OPP-0327664), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration North America Carbon Program (NNG05GD25G), and the Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) Program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). This study was also supported in part by a grant of HPC resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks as part of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 75 TC 154 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 578 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01679.x PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404EV UT WOS:000263134600005 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM Thomas, MA McMahon, PB AF Chapelle, Francis H. Bradley, Paul M. Thomas, Mary Ann McMahon, Peter B. TI Distinguishing Iron-Reducing from Sulfate-Reducing Conditions SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; NATURAL-WATERS; GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS; REDOX CONDITIONS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; REDUCTION; GEOCHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENTS; METABOLISM AB Ground water systems dominated by iron- or sulfate-reducing conditions may be distinguished by observing concentrations of dissolved iron (Fe(2+)) and sulfide (sum of H(2)S, HS(-), and S(=) species and denoted here as "H(2)S"). This approach is based on the observation that concentrations of Fe(2+) and H(2)S in ground water systems tend to be inversely related according to a hyperbolic function. That is, when Fe(2+) concentrations are high, H(2)S concentrations tend to be low and vice versa. This relation partly reflects the rapid reaction kinetics of Fe(2+) with H(2)S to produce relatively insoluble ferrous sulfides (FeS). This relation also reflects competition for organic substrates between the iron- and the sulfate-reducing microorganisms that catalyze the production of Fe(2+) and H(2)S. These solubility and microbial constraints operate in tandem, resulting in the observed hyperbolic relation between Fe(2+) and H(2)S concentrations. Concentrations of redox indicators, including dissolved hydrogen (H(2)) measured in a shallow aquifer in Hanahan, South Carolina, suggest that if the Fe(2+)/H(2)S mass ratio (units of mg/L) exceeded 10, the screened interval being tapped was consistently iron reducing (H(2) similar to 0.2 to 0.8 nM). Conversely, if the Fe(2+)/H(2)S ratio was less than 0.30, consistent sulfate-reducing (H(2) similar to 1 to 5 nM) conditions were observed over time. Concomitantly high Fe(2+) and H(2)S concentrations were associated with H(2) concentrations that varied between 0.2 and 5.0 nM over time, suggesting mixing of water from adjacent iron- and sulfate-reducing zones or concomitant iron and sulfate reduction under nonelectron donor-limited conditions. These observations suggest that Fe(2+)/H(2)S mass ratios may provide useful information concerning the occurrence and distribution of iron and sulfate reduction in ground water systems. C1 [Chapelle, Francis H.; Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Thomas, Mary Ann] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [McMahon, Peter B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov FU Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast FX This note was prepared as part of the National Water Quality Assessment and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs of the USGS, with additional support from the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast. The authors would like to thank David Parkhurst and Jack Barbash of the USGS, Patrick McLoughlin of Microseeps Inc., and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of the article. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00536.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 410TI UT WOS:000263600800017 PM 19191885 ER PT J AU Baedecker, MJ Wood, WW AF Baedecker, Mary Jo Wood, Warren W. TI William "Bill" Back: An Incisive Geochemist and a Great Mentor SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Baedecker, Mary Jo; Wood, Warren W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wood, Warren W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Baedecker, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mjbaedec@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 314 EP 318 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00534.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 410TI UT WOS:000263600800020 PM 19210560 ER PT J AU McCobb, TD LeBlanc, DR Massey, AJ AF McCobb, Timothy D. LeBlanc, Denis R. Massey, Andrew J. TI Monitoring the Removal of Phosphate from Ground Water Discharging through a Pond-Bottom Permeable Reactive Barrier SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; PORE-WATER; SEEPAGE FLUX; SAMPLER; REMEDIATION; SEDIMENTS; PHOSPHORUS; GRADIENT; DEVICE AB Installation of a permeable reactive barrier to intercept a phosphate (PO(4)) plume where it discharges to a pond provided an opportunity to develop and test methods for monitoring the barrier's performance in the shallow pond-bottom sediments. The barrier is composed of zero-valent-iron mixed with the native sediments to a 0.6-m depth over a 1100-m(2) area. Permanent suction, diffusion, and seepage samplers were installed to monitor PO(4) and other chemical species along vertical transects through the barrier and horizontal transects below and near the top of the barrier. Analysis of pore water sampled at about 3-cm vertical intervals by using multilevel diffusion and suction samplers indicated steep decreases in PO(4) concentrations in ground water flowing upward through the barrier. Samples from vertically aligned pairs of horizontal multiport suction samplers also indicated substantial decreases in PO(4) concentrations and lateral shifts in the plume's discharge area as a result of varying pond stage. Measurements from Lee-style seepage meters indicated substantially decreased PO(4) concentrations in discharging ground water in the treated area; temporal trends in water flux were related to pond stage. The advantages and limitations of each sampling device are described. Preliminary analysis of the first 2 years of data indicates that the barrier reduced PO(4) flux by as much as 95%. C1 [McCobb, Timothy D.; LeBlanc, Denis R.; Massey, Andrew J.] USGS, MA RI WSC, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP McCobb, TD (reprint author), USGS, MA RI WSC, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM tmccobb@usgs.gov; dleblanc@usgs.gov; ajmassey@usgs.gov FU The USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) FX The USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) supported development and testing of the monitoring devices. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Megan Chaisson, Jessica Cochrane, Nicholas Geboy, Jonathan King, Luke Parsons, and Laura Strumness of the USGS in designing, installing, and sampling the devices. The authors would also like to thank Jon Davis, Jonathan Blount, and Spence Smith of AFCEE for their technical advice and support, and the staffs of Environmental Chemical Corporation and their subcontractors, who were extraordinarily cooperative as we installed the instrumentation during the barrier's emplacement. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 447EP UT WOS:000266174700003 ER PT J AU McCormick, P Newman, S Vilchek, L AF McCormick, Paul V. Newman, Susan Vilchek, Les W. TI Landscape responses to wetland eutrophication: loss of slough habitat in the Florida Everglades, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Eleocharis; Everglades; Hydrology; Nymphaea; Periphyton; Phosphorus; Sloughs; Typha; Vegetation; Wetlands ID NORTHERN EVERGLADES; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; OLIGOTROPHIC WETLAND; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; GRADIENT; LEVEL AB Much of the historical Everglades has been either lost or degraded as a result of human activities. Among the aquatic habitats that comprise the Everglades landscape mosaic, open-water sloughs support critical ecological functions and appear especially sensitive to both hydrologic and water-quality perturbations. We used a combination of remote sensing and on-the-ground sampling to document spatial changes in the extent and vegetative composition of sloughs along a phosphorus (P) gradient in the northern Everglades. Increasing levels of water and soil P were associated with a decline in slough coverage, loss of the abundant native periphyton community, and a shift in dominant macrophyte species. The characteristic slough macrophyte species Eleocharis cellulosa and Nymphaea odorata exhibited different sensitivities to P enrichment, but both species declined with enrichment as slough habitats were invaded by Typha domingensis, a species that is known to expand aggressively in response to enrichment. A limited amount of open-water habitat occurred in highly enriched areas, but these habitats were maintained largely as a result of airboat disturbance and did not contain characteristic slough vegetation. Many changes in slough coverage and composition occurred in areas where water and soil P concentrations were only marginally higher than background levels. Our findings support the need for Everglades hydrologic restoration efforts to adhere to strict water-quality standards for P to avoid further degradation of this key landscape feature. C1 [McCormick, Paul V.; Newman, Susan] S Florida Water Management Dist, Watershed Management Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. [Vilchek, Les W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP McCormick, P (reprint author), S Florida Water Management Dist, Watershed Management Dept, 3301 Gun Club Rd, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. EM pmccormi@sfwmd.gov NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2009 VL 621 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9635-2 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 390NW UT WOS:000262172000008 ER PT J AU Corcoran, RM Lovvorn, JR Heglund, PJ AF Corcoran, Robin M. Lovvorn, James R. Heglund, Patricia J. TI Long-term change in limnology and invertebrates in Alaskan boreal wetlands SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Drying of wetlands; Invertebrate communities; Limnological change; Wetland food webs ID NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES CANADA; INLAND SALINE WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHALLOW LAKES; ARCTIC LAKES; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; FRESH-WATERS; FOOD WEBS AB Climate change is more pronounced at high northern latitudes, and may be affecting the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the abundant wetlands in boreal forests. On the Yukon Flats, located in the boreal forest of northeast Alaska, wetlands originally sampled during 1985-1989 were re-sampled for water chemistry and macroinvertebrates in summer 2001-2003. Wetlands sampled lost on average 19% surface water area between these periods. Total nitrogen and most metal cations (Na, Mg, and Ca, but not K) increased between these periods, whereas total phosphorus and chlorophyll a (Chl a) declined. These changes were greater in wetlands that had experienced more drying (decreased surface area). Compared with 1985-1989, densities of cladocerans, copepods, and ostracods in both June and August were much higher in 2002-2003, whereas densities of amphipods, gastropods, and chironomid larvae were generally lower. In comparisons among wetlands in 2002-2003 only, amphipod biomass was lower in wetlands with lower Chl a, which might help explain the decline of amphipods since the late 1980s when Chl a was higher. The decline in Chl a corresponded to greatly increased zooplankton density in June, suggesting a shift in carbon flow from scrapers and deposit-feeders to water-column grazers. Declines in benthic and epibenthic deposit-feeding invertebrates suggest important food web effects of climate change in otherwise pristine wetlands of the boreal forest. C1 [Corcoran, Robin M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calipatria, CA 92233 USA. [Corcoran, Robin M.; Lovvorn, James R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Corcoran, RM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 906 W Sinclair Rd, Calipatria, CA 92233 USA. EM robin_corcoran@fws.gov; lovvorn@uwyo.edu; pheglund@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2009 VL 620 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9616-5 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 387YQ UT WOS:000261987900007 ER PT J AU Risser, DW Gburek, WJ Folmar, GJ AF Risser, Dennis W. Gburek, William J. Folmar, Gordon J. TI Comparison of recharge estimates at a small watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater recharge; Base flow; Fractured rocks; USA ID RECORDS; BALANCE; SITE AB The common recommendation that recharge should be estimated from multiple methods is sound, but the inherent differences of the methods make it difficult to assess the accuracy of differing results. In this study, four methods for estimating groundwater recharge and two methods for estimating base flow (as a proxy for recharge) are compared at two hydrologic research sites in east-central Pennsylvania, USA. Results from the multiple methods all provided reasonable estimates of groundwater recharge that differed considerably. The estimates of mean annual recharge for the period 1994-2001 ranged from 22.9 to 35.7cm-about 45% of the mean of all estimates. For individual years, recharge estimates from the multiple methods ranged from 30 to 42% of the mean value during the dry years and 64 to 76% of the mean value during wet years. Comparison of multiple methods was found to be useful for determining the range of plausible recharge rates and highlighting the uncertainty of the estimates. C1 [Risser, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Gburek, William J.; Folmar, Gordon J.] ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Risser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM dwrisser@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Ground Water Resources Program FX This work was supported through the US Geological Survey's Ground Water Resources Program as part of an effort to evaluate methods for estimating groundwater recharge in humid areas of the United States. The US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA provided the hydrologic data used in the study. The authors thank the US Geological Survey reviewers P. Juckem and B. Lindsey as well as A. Piggott, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments that improved this paper. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0406-y PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 444VI UT WOS:000266008100004 ER PT J AU Harte, PT Kiah, RG AF Harte, Philip T. Kiah, Richard G. TI Measured river leakages using conventional streamflow techniques: the case of Souhegan River, New Hampshire, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater/surface-water relations; River leakages; Streamflow; Aquifer recharge; USA; Conceptual models; Rainfall/runoff AB Multiple streamflow measurements were made at coupled discharge measurement stations to quantify rates of aquifer recharge and discharge on two reaches of the Souhegan River, New Hampshire, USA, flowing within a glacial-drift river-valley aquifer. The reaches included a predominantly losing (aquifer recharge) reach and a variable (aquifer recharge and discharge) reach located downstream of the former reach. River leakage, the differential between coupled upstream and downstream streamflow measurements along a reach, varied by almost 30 cubic feet per second (ft(3)/s) (0.85m(3)/s) along the two reaches. The upper reach averaged 3.94ft(3)/s (0.11m(3)/s) loss whereas the lower reach averaged 4.85ft(3)/s (0.14m(3)/s) gain. At the upper reach, 13 losses were measured out of 19 coupled measurements. At the lower reach, ten out of 13 coupled measurements indicated gains in flow and suggest that this reach is primarily a gaining river reach. An important factor in river leakage appears to be antecedent trends in river stage. At the upper reach, gains were measured only during periods of declining river stage. Conversely, at the lower reach, streamflow loss was measured primarily during periods of rising river stage. Although some tendencies exist, several factors complicate the analysis of river leakage, most notably the inaccuracies in computed stream discharge. C1 [Harte, Philip T.; Kiah, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03301 USA. RP Harte, PT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 361 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03301 USA. EM ptharte@usgs.gov FU Robin Mongeon of the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services FX The authors wish to express thanks to Richard Goehlert and Richard Willey of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1, Thomas Andrews, and Robin Mongeon of the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services for their general support during field operations. Thanks are also extended to Kenneth Toppin and Michael Norris, U. S. Geological Survey, for providing important review comments. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 409 EP 424 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0359-1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 444VI UT WOS:000266008100013 ER PT J AU Janssen, MA Lorenz, RD West, R Paganelli, F Lopes, RM Kirk, RL Elachi, C Wall, SD Johnson, WTK Anderson, Y Boehmer, RA Callahan, P Gim, Y Hamilton, GA Kelleher, KD Roth, L Stiles, B Le Gall, A AF Janssen, M. A. Lorenz, R. D. West, R. Paganelli, F. Lopes, R. M. Kirk, R. L. Elachi, C. Wall, S. D. Johnson, W. T. K. Anderson, Y. Boehmer, R. A. Callahan, P. Gim, Y. Hamilton, G. A. Kelleher, K. D. Roth, L. Stiles, B. Le Gall, A. CA Cassini Radar Team TI Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Satellites, surfaces; Satellites, composition; Radio observations; Instrumentation ID PHYSICAL-CHARACTERISTICS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION; MAGELLAN; VENUS AB The first comprehensive calibration and mapping of the thermal microwave emission from Titan's surface is reported based on radiometric data obtained at 2.2-cm wavelength by the passive radiometer included in the Cassini Radar instrument. The data reported were accumulated from 69 separate observational segments in Titan passes from Ta (October 2004) through T30 (May 2007) and include emission from 94% of Titan's surface. They are diverse in the key observing parameters of emission angle, polarization, and spatial resolution, and their reduction into-calibrated global mosaic maps involved several steps. Analysis of the polarimetry obtained at low to moderate resolution (50+ km) enabled integration of the radiometry into a single mosaic of the equivalent brightness temperature at normal incidence with a relative precision of about 1 K. The Huygens probe measurement of Titan's surface temperature and radiometry obtained on Titan's dune fields allowed us to infer an absolute calibration estimated to be accurate to a level approaching I K. The results provide evidence for a surface that is complex and varied on large scales. The radiometry primarily constrains physical properties of the surface, where we see strong evidence for subsurface (volume) scattering as a dominant mechanism that determines the emissivity, with the possibility of a fluffy or graded-density surface layer in many regions. The results are consistent with, but not necessarily definitive of a surface composition resulting from the slow deposition and processing of organic compounds from the atmosphere. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Janssen, M. A.; West, R.; Lopes, R. M.; Elachi, C.; Wall, S. D.; Johnson, W. T. K.; Anderson, Y.; Boehmer, R. A.; Callahan, P.; Gim, Y.; Hamilton, G. A.; Kelleher, K. D.; Roth, L.; Stiles, B.; Le Gall, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Paganelli, F.] European Ctr Geodynam & Seismol, L-7256 Walferdange, Luxembourg. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Janssen, MA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM michael.a.janssen@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 41 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2009 VL 200 IS 1 BP 222 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 419IN UT WOS:000264213000016 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE Ziegler, AC AF Juracek, K. E. Ziegler, A. C. TI Estimation of sediment sources using selected chemical tracers in the Perry lake basin, Kansas, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Source; Tracer; Perry Lake; Kansas ID FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; RIVER-BASINS; CATCHMENT; UK; RATES; PROVENANCE; EROSION; OUSE; CONTEMPORARY; ASCRIPTION AB The ability to achieve meaningful decreases in sediment loads to reservoirs requires a determination of the relative importance of sediment sources within the contributing basins. In an investigation of sources of fine-grained sediment (clay and silt) within the Perry Lake Basin in northeast Kansas, representative samples of channel-bank sources, surface-soil sources (cropland and grassland), and reservoir bottom sediment were collected, chemically analyzed, and compared. The samples were sieved to isolate the < 63 mu m fraction and analyzed for selected nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), organic and total carbon, 25 trace elements, and the radionuclide cesium-137 ((137)Cs). On the basis of substantial and consistent compositional differences among the source types, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), and (137)Cs were selected for use in the estimation of sediment sources. To further account for differences in particle-size composition between the sources and the reservoir bottom sediment, constituent ratio and clay-normalization techniques were used. Computed ratios included TOC to TN, TOC to TP, and TN to TP. Constituent concentrations JN, TP, TOC) and activities ((137)Cs) were normalized by dividing by the percentage of clay. Thus, the sediment-source estimations involved the use of seven sediment-source indicators. Within the Perry Lake Basin, the consensus of the seven indicators was that both channel-bank and surface-soil sources were important in the Atchison County Lake and Banner Creek Reservoir subbasins, whereas channel-bank sources were dominant in the Mission Lake subbasin. On the sole basis of (137)Cs activity, surface-soil sources contributed the most fine-grained sediment to Atchison County Lake, and channel-bank sources contributed the most fine-grained sediment to Banner Creek Reservoir and Mission Lake. Both the seven-indicator consensus and (137)Cs indicated that channel-bank sources were dominant for Perry Lake and that channel-bank sources increased in importance with distance downstream in the basin. C1 [Juracek, K. E.; Ziegler, A. C.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kjuracek@usgs.gov FU Kansas State Water Plan Fund; Kansas Water Office; Kansas Department of Health and Environment FX This study was made possible in part by support from the Kansas State Water Plan Fund, the Kansas Water Office, and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. The authors thank Arthur Horowitz (USGS), Jerry Ritchie (USDA, Agricultural Research Service), and Desmond Walling (University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom) for their helpful discussions on study design. Review comments provided by Adrian Collins (ADAS, Wolverhampton, UK), Arthur Horowitz, and Faith Fitzpatrick (USGS) were helpful and much appreciated. The authors also thank personnel with the USDA NRCS in Atchison, Brown, Jackson, Jefferson, and Nemaba Counties for their assistance in selecting sites for soil sampling. Finally, the authors thank Mark Bowen (University of Kansas) for his assistance in collecting the channel-bank and surface-soil samples. NR 66 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 25 PU IRTCES PI BEIJING PA PO BOX 366, BEIJING, 100044, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6279 J9 INT J SEDIMENT RES JI Int. J. Sediment Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 108 EP 125 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 434FW UT WOS:000265261600009 ER PT J AU Fleming, S Jordan, T Madden, M Usery, EL Welch, R AF Fleming, S. Jordan, T. Madden, M. Usery, E. L. Welch, R. TI GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE GIS; Coastal mapping; Landscape modeling; Visualization AB In order to successfully support current and future US military operations in coastal zones, geospatial information must be rapidly integrated and analyzed to meet ongoing force structure evolution and new mission directives. Coastal zones in a military-operational environment are complex regions that include sea, land and air features that demand high-volume databases of extreme detail within relatively narrow geographic corridors. Static products in the form of analog maps at varying scales traditionally have been used by military commanders and their operational planners. The rapidly changing battlefield of 21st Century warfare, however, demands dynamic mapping solutions. Commercial geographic information system (GIS) software for military-specific applications is now being developed and employed with digital databases to provide customized digital maps of variable scale, content and symbolization tailored to unique demands of military units. Research conducted by the Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science at the University of Georgia demonstrated the utility of GIS-based analysis and digital map creation when developing large-scale (1:10,000) products from littoral warfare databases. The methodology employed-selection of data sources (including high resolution commercial images and Lidar), establishment of analysis/modeling parameters, conduct of vehicle mobility analysis, development of models and generation of products (such as a continuous sea-land DEM and geo-visualization of changing shorelines with tidal levels)-is discussed. Based on observations and identified needs from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, formerly the National imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Department of Defense, prototype GIS models for military operations in sea, land and air environments were created from multiple data sets of a study area at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Results of these models, along with methodologies for developing large-scale littoral warfare databases, aid the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in meeting littoral warfare analysis, modeling and map generation requirements for US military organizations. (C) 2008 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jordan, T.; Madden, M.; Welch, R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Ctr Remote Sensing & Mapping Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fleming, S.] US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm & Geog Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Usery, E. L.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Madden, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Ctr Remote Sensing & Mapping Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Steven.Fleming@usma.edu; tombob@uga.edu; mmadden@uga.edu; usery@usgs.gov; rwelch@uga.edu FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's University Research Initiative [NMA 201-01-1-2009] FX This study was conducted in support of Agreement NMA 201-01-1-2009, funded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's University Research Initiative. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr. Scott Loomer of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) for his assistance throughout the project along with other NGA personnel: Rear Admiral Christian Andreasen, Brian Carson, Karen Gray and Dr. Richard Brand. The cooperation of numerous Marine Corps and civilian personnel at Camp Lejeune permitted field checks to be completed and database entries to be verified. We would particularly like to thank Master Sergeant Russell Dominessy, I.t. Colonel C. Reid Nichols and Ms. Frances Railey. Bathymetric and coastal data lists for the onslow Beach area were provided by the Naval Oceanographic Office with many valuable suggestions provided by Timothy Cox and other Naval Oceanographic Office personnel. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the University of Georgia research assistants and staff at Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science: Jinmu Choi, Yanfen Le, Yangrong Ling, Thomas Litts and Virginia Vickery. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 425WN UT WOS:000264668600009 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Elder, NE Grady, CA Gregg, JL Pacheco, CA Greene, C Rice, C Meyers, TR AF Hershberger, P. K. Elder, N. E. Grady, C. A. Gregg, J. L. Pacheco, C. A. Greene, C. Rice, C. Meyers, T. R. TI Prevalence of Viral Erythrocytic Necrosis in Pacific Herring and Epizootics in Skagit Bay, Puget Sound, Washington SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; VEN; TRANSMISSION AB Epizootics of viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) occurred among juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii in Skagit Bay, Puget Sound, Washington, during 2005-2007 and were characterized by high prevalences and intensities of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within circulating erythrocytes. The prevalence of VEN peaked at 67% during the first epizootic in October 2005 and waned to 0% by August 2006. A second VEN epizootic occurred throughout the summer of 2007; this was characterized by disease initiation and perpetuation in the age-1, 2006 year-class, followed by involvement of the age-0, 2007 year-class shortly after the tatter's metamorphosis to the juvenile stage. The disease was detected in other populations of juvenile Pacific herring throughout Puget Sound and Prince William Sound, Alaska, where the prevalences and intensities typically did not correspond to those observed in Skagit Bay. The persistence and recurrence of VEN epizootics indicate that the disease is probably common among juvenile Pacific herring throughout the eastern North Pacific Ocean, and although population-level impacts probably occur they are typically covert and not easily detected. C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Elder, N. E.; Grady, C. A.; Gregg, J. L.; Pacheco, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Greene, C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rice, C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admn Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Meyers, T. R.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Fish Pathol Sect, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Students; USGS's Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819] FX Pacific herring from Skagit Bay were collected in cooperation with K. Fresh and J. Chamberlin of NOAA-Fisheries. Herring from Cherry Point were provided by K. Stick as part of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife's herring stock assessment surveys. Herring from Prince William Sound were provided by S. Moffitt and R. Brenner of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Additional field samples were provided by P. Dorn of the Suquamish Tribe. Technical assistance was provided by C. Jones, with funding from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Students in Support of Native American Relations Program. Additional funding was provided by the USGS's Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, project 070819. We gratefully acknowledge the insightful comments provided by anonymous reviewers assigned by USGS, NOAA-Fisheries, and this journal. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1577/H08-035.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 477FY UT WOS:000268505400001 PM 19485119 ER PT J AU Taylor, P Smith, CE Blair, MJ AF Taylor, Peter Smith, Charlie E. Blair, Marilyn J. TI Polycystic Lesions in the Liver of the White Sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID KIDNEY-DISEASE AB Polycystic lesions have been reported from the kidney and liver of many different fish species and I are attributed to pollution and genetic anomalies. In June 2002, eggs and milt were collected from two female and five male white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus below Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Fertilized eggs were hatched at the Abernathy Fish Technology Center in Long-view, Washington, and 20,000 juveniles were raised for approximately I year before release into the wild. Just before release, 12,000 juveniles were scute-marked, during which it was noticed that about 30 fish had distended abdomens. Gross necropsy revealed a large, jellylike mass in the peritoneal cavity. Histopathological examination of four fish showed that this growth was it polycystic lesion of liver tissue. This is the first report of this type of lesion in white sturgeon and is presumed to be the product of a genetic anomaly. C1 [Taylor, Peter] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Blair, Marilyn J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fish Hlth Ctr, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. RP Taylor, P (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM pete_taylor@fws.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1577/H08-024.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 477FY UT WOS:000268505400008 PM 19485126 ER PT J AU Longshore, KM Lowrey, C Thompson, DB AF Longshore, K. M. Lowrey, C. Thompson, D. B. TI Compensating for diminishing natural water: Predicting the impacts of water development on summer habitat of desert bighorn sheep SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Desert bighorn sheep; Guzzlers; Historic habitat; Mojave desert; Ovis canadensis nelsoni; Summer habitat; Water development ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; WILDLIFE; CONSERVATION; ARIZONA; MODEL; AVAILABILITY; POPULATION; GENETICS AB Artificial water sources have been used for decades to enhance and restore wildlife habitat but the benefits of their use have been subject to debate. During the past century, the number of natural springs in Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA, has declined. In response to concerns about the viability of the bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) population, a number of water developments were constructed throughout the park, We modeled potential historical and present-day summer habitat of female bighorn sheep to evaluate the effectiveness of the artificial and remaining natural water sources in maintaining habitat and to determine how loss of artificial sources might affect future habitat availability. Prior to 1950, 583.5 km(2) of summer habitat was potentially available. Presently, only 170.6 km(2) of habitat is available around natural water sources and 153.5 km(2) is available around guzzlers. When all perennial water sources are included in the habitat model (minus overlap), 302.3 km(2) of summer habitat is potentially available. This represents only 51.7% of summer habitat available prior to 1950. Without artificial water developments, 47.7% of present-day summer habitat would be lost, which raises important management questions regarding the debate about what is natural or artificial within otherwise protected areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Longshore, K. M.; Lowrey, C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Thompson, D. B.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Longshore, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM longshore@usgs.gov; clowrey@usgs.gov; daniel.thompson@unlv.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Resources Preservation Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service. We thank the Natural Resource staff at Joshua Tree National Park, California, and the California Department of Fish and Game, who conducted the capture operation. We thank J. Jaeger and Vern Bleich for their valuable comments oil an earlier version of the manuscript, and Torn Hurst for discussions about hydrology of the region. Animal use protocols were approved by Animal Care and Use Committees for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 280 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.021 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413KD UT WOS:000263791100006 ER PT J AU Tennent, JM Stanley, JD Hart, PE Bernasconi, MP AF Tennent, Jenny M. Stanley, Jean-Daniel Hart, Patrick E. Bernasconi, Maria Pia TI Coastline Shifts and Probable Ship Landing Site Submerged off Ancient Locri-Epizefiri, Southern Italy SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Calabria; Calabrian Arc; coastal shift; geoarchaeology; geophysics; Greek; Holocene; Ionian margin; Magna Graecia; marine basin; seismic profiles; ship landing; submergence; uplift; wave-break ID CALABRIA C1 [Tennent, Jenny M.; Stanley, Jean-Daniel] Smithsonian Inst, CUSP, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hart, Patrick E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bernasconi, Maria Pia] Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, CUSP, Paleo Rm E205 NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stanleyd@si.edu FU NMNH, Smithsonian Institution FX Financial support for the project was provided by the NMNH, Smithsonian Institution. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 488 EP 499 DI 10.2112/08-0014.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 432HP UT WOS:000265124400021 ER PT J AU Olive, ND Marion, JL AF Olive, Nathaniel D. Marion, Jeffrey L. TI The influence of use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss from recreational trails SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Recreation impact; Trail impact; Trail erosion; Soil erosion; Trail impact monitoring; Tourism impact ID MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION; IMPACT; AUSTRALIA; MONTANA; EROSION; HORSE; DEGRADATION; HIKING; HIKERS AB Recreational uses of unsurfaced trails inevitably result in their degradation, with the type and extent of resource impact influenced by factors such as soil texture, topography, climate, trail design and maintenance, and type and amount of use. Of particular concern, the loss of soil through erosion is generally considered a significant and irreversible form of trail impact. This research investigated the influence of several use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss on recreational trails and roads at Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, a unit of the US. National Park Service. Regression modeling revealed that trail position, trail slope alignment angle, grade, water drainage, and type of use are significant determinants of soil loss. The introduction of individual and groups of variables into a series of regression models provides improved understanding and insights regarding the relative influence of these variables, informing the selection of more effective trail management actions. Study results suggest that trail erosion can be minimized by avoiding "fall-line" alignments, steep grades, and valley-bottom alignments near streams, installing and maintaining adequate densities of tread drainage features, applying gravel to harden treads, and reducing horse and all-terrain vehicle use or restricting them to more resistant routes. This research also sought to develop a more efficient Variable Cross-Sectional Area method for assessing soil loss on trails. This method permitted incorporation of CSA measures in a representative sampling scheme applied to a large (24%) sample of the park's 526 km trail system. The variety of soil loss measures derived from the Variable CSA method, including extrapolated trail-wide soil loss estimates, permit an objective quantification of soil erosion on recreational trails and roads. Such data support relational analyses to increase understanding of trail degradation, and long-term monitoring of the natural and recreational integrity of the trail system infrastructure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marion, Jeffrey L.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Forestry Dept 0324, Virginia Tech Field Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Olive, Nathaniel D.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry, Athens, GA 30601 USA. [Olive, Nathaniel D.] Univ Georgia, Nat Resources Recreat & Tourism Program, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Marion, JL (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Forestry Dept 0324, Virginia Tech Field Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmarion@vt.edu FU National Park Service; Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area FX This paper was derived from the Master of Education research of the first author at The University of Georgia. Scholarly review and assistance in conducting the study and preparing this manuscript was received by the student's graduate Committee that included Michael Tarrant, Jeff Marion, Diane Samdahl, and Kenneth Cordell. We especially acknowledge and thank Tomas McNulty for his statistical consulting guidance in conducting the regression modeling. Funding support was received from the National Park Service, Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area. NR 39 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1483 EP 1493 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.10.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401VG UT WOS:000262969900021 PM 19062152 ER PT J AU Lowers, HA Meeker, GP Lioy, PJ Lippmann, M AF Lowers, Heather A. Meeker, Gregory P. Lioy, Paul J. Lippmann, Morton TI Summary of the development of a signature for detection of residual dust from collapse of the World Trade Center buildings SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE World Trade Center; dust; slag wool; scanning electron microscope ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; LOWER MANHATTAN; CENTER WTC AB The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on September 11, 2001, caused lower Manhattan and adjacent areas to be covered in millimeters to centimeters of dust. WTC dust penetrated into indoor spaces, and public health concerns remain regarding exposure to possible residual dust in the affected areas. The goal of the studies outlined in this review was to determine which, if any, components of the bulk WTC dust are sufficiently above typical background dust levels in New York City to develop an analytical method to screen for the component(s). Components of the <150-mu m-size fraction of the dust are gypsum, phases compatible with crushed concrete, man-made vitreous fibers (MMVFs), silica, lead, chrysotile asbestos, and other materials. Slag wool was the most common WTC MMVF, whereas soda-lime glass and rock wool were minor to trace constituents. Most background samples also contained gypsum, phases compatible with concrete, and MMVF. However, the proportions of the various MMVF in background samples are typically unlike those characteristic of bulk WTC dust. Results indicate that slag wool can be used as a signature marker to identify areas that contain potential residual WTC dust contamination at concentrations that are less than average background levels for the material. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2009) 19, 325-335; doi: 10.1038/jes. 2008.25; published online 14 May 2008 C1 [Lowers, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Community Med, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Lippmann, Morton] NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Lowers, HA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmeeker@usgs.gov RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [ES 00260]; NIEHS [ES 05022] FX We acknowledge the outstanding work of Jacky Rosati in conducting the EPA signature study and Amy Bern and others at USEPA for their method development. We also thank Edward du Bray and Sharon Diehl, USGS, for their insightful reviews. The contributions of Dr. Lippmann were supported, in part, by Center Grant ES 00260 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and Dr. Lioy was supported in part by a Center Grant ES 05022 from NIEHS. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.25 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 408TJ UT WOS:000263457600008 PM 18478046 ER PT J AU McConnell, S O'Connell, TJ Leslie, DM Shackford, JS AF McConnell, Scott O'Connell, Timothy J. Leslie, David M., Jr. Shackford, John S. TI Mountain Plovers in Oklahoma: distribution, abundance, and habitat use SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Charadrius montanus; count removal model; Mountain Plover; Oklahoma; population estimate ID CHARADRIUS-MONTANUS; PRAIRIE DOG; POPULATION; COLORADO; MOVEMENTS; REMOVAL; MODEL AB Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) populations are inefficiently sampled by Breeding Bird Surveys. As a result, targeted sampling of select populations of this species (with an estimated global population of 11,000-14,000 birds) can be valuable. Our objectives were to determine the breeding distribution and estimate the size of the Mountain Plover population in Oklahoma. We conducted a randomized point count survey in an area where Mountain Plovers were previously known to breed and conducted additional surveys over a larger area to better delimit the distribution. We used a removal model to estimate detection probability for raw counts obtained from 1104 point counts in 2004 and 2005, and derived a state-level population estimate using the detection-adjusted counts. Mountain Plovers used flat, bare, cultivated fields for nesting, and their distribution was closely tied to the presence of clay loam soils. We estimated that at least 68-91 Mountain Plovers bred in Oklahoma in 2004-2005. The low breeding density we observed may be due to the location of our study area near the southeastern edge of the breeding range of these plovers, the low-quality habitat provided by cultivated landscapes, or a combination of factors. Because the number of birds is small, the status of the Oklahoma population is not likely to have a large effect on the global population. However, additional information is needed to help determine if cultivated landscapes represented population sources or sinks. C1 [O'Connell, Timothy J.; Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [McConnell, Scott; O'Connell, Timothy J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP O'Connell, TJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 240 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tim.oconnell@okstate.edu RI O'Connell, Timothy/A-2908-2011 OI O'Connell, Timothy/0000-0001-8215-2670 FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University [T-4-P] FX Financial support for this project was provided from State Wildlife Grants under Project T-4-P of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University and administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). G. Farnsworth provided statistical advice, and W. D. Walter and M. Rao offered GIS expertise. M. Gregory provided spatially explicit data on soils in the study area. The manuscript benefited significantly from input provided by M. Wunder, D. Augustine, and two anonymous reviewers. We thank the citizens of Cimarron County, particularly the Ottinger family of Boise City, for their hospitality. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00202.x PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 410TS UT WOS:000263601800004 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Millspaugh, JJ Ryan, MR Kruse, CD Pavelka, G AF McGowan, Conor P. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Ryan, Mark R. Kruse, Casey D. Pavelka, Greg TI Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catch-curve; Charadrius melodus; chick survival; count data; fecundity; Piping Plover; reproductive success ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LOCAL-POPULATION; PLOVERS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Estimating reproductive success for birds with precocial young can be difficult because chicks leave nests soon after hatching and individuals or broods can be difficult to track. Researchers often turn to estimating survival during the prefledging period and, though effective, mark-recapture based approaches are not always feasible due to cost, time, and animal welfare concerns. Using a threatened population of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) that breeds along the Missouri River, we present an approach for estimating chick survival during the prefledging period using long-term (1993-2005), count-based, age-class data. We used a modified catch-curve analysis, and data collected during three 5-day sampling periods near the middle of the breeding season. The approach has several ecological and statistical assumptions and our analyses were designed to minimize the probability of violating those assumptions. For example, limiting the sampling periods to only 5 days gave reasonable assurance that population size was stable during the sampling period. Annual daily survival estimates ranged from 0.825 (SD = 0.03) to 0.931 (0.02) depending on year and sampling period, with these estimates assuming constant survival during the prefledging period and no change in the age structure of the population. The average probability of survival to fledging ranged from 0.126 to 0.188. Our results are similar to other published estimates for this species in similar habitats. This method of estimating chick survival may be useful for a variety of precocial bird species when mark-recapture methods are not feasible and only count-based age class data are available. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Ryan, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kruse, Casey D.; Pavelka, Greg] USA, Corps Engineers, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM cpmcg00@hotmail.com FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U. S. Geological Survey; Missouri Cooperative Fish; Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Geological Survey, and the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for financial and logistical support. We thank the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers for access to and use of the Piping Plover reproductive success database. We are grateful to M. A. Larson for assistance with data analysis and study design, and to M. A. Larson, J. S. Rikoon, F. R. Thompson III, S. J. Dinsmore, G. Ritchison, three anonymous reviewers, and the University of Missouri Avian Ecology Lab for reviewing this manuscript and helping us improve this study. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 410TS UT WOS:000263601800009 ER PT J AU Devney, CA Kondrad, SL Stebbins, KR Brittingham, KD Hoffman, DJ Heinz, GH AF Devney, Carol A. Kondrad, Shannon L. Stebbins, Katherine R. Brittingham, Kevin D. Hoffman, David J. Heinz, Gary H. TI A saltwater flotation technique to identify unincubated eggs SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging eggs; egg flotation; embryonic development; incubation stage; saltwater flotation ID INCUBATION STAGE; AGE; DATE; NESTS AB Field studies on nesting birds sometimes involve questions related to nest initiation dates, length of the incubation period, or changes in parental incubation behavior during various stages of incubation. Some of this information can be best assessed when a nest is discovered before the eggs have undergone any incubation, and this has traditionally been assessed by floating eggs in freshwater. However, because the freshwater method is not particularly accurate in identifying unincubated eggs, we developed a more reliable saltwater flotation method. The saltwater method involves diluting a saturated saltwater solution with freshwater until a salt concentration is reached where unincubated eggs sink to the bottom and incubated eggs float to the surface. For Laughing Gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla), floating eggs in freshwater failed to identify 39.0% (N = 251) of eggs that were subsequently found by candling to have undergone incubation prior to collection. By contrast, in a separate collection of gull eggs, no eggs that passed the saltwater test (N = 225) were found by a later candling to have been incubated prior to collection. For Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), floating eggs in freshwater failed to identify 15.6% (N = 250) of eggs that had undergone incubation prior to collection, whereas in a separate collection, none of the eggs that passed the saltwater test (N = 85) were found by a later candling to have been incubated prior to collection. Immersion of eggs in saltwater did not affect embryo survival. Although use of the saltwater method is likely limited to colonial species and requires calibrating a saltwater solution, it is a faster and more accurate method of identifying unincubated eggs than the traditional method of floating eggs in freshwater. C1 [Devney, Carol A.; Kondrad, Shannon L.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Brittingham, Kevin D.; Hoffman, David J.; Heinz, Gary H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Devney, Carol A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Australian Inst Marine Sci, AIMS JCU, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Kondrad, Shannon L.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stebbins, Katherine R.] US EPA, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Brittingham, Kevin D.] Baltimore Cty Dept Environm Protect & Resource Ma, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. RP Devney, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM carol.devney@jcu.edu.au FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12] FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant number ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank P. Spitzer and M. Hoffman for helping collect eggs in the field, and J. Klimstra for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00208.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 410TS UT WOS:000263601800010 ER PT J AU Berenbrock, C Mason, RR Blanchard, SF AF Berenbrock, C. Mason, R. R., Jr. Blanchard, S. F. TI Mapping Hurricane Rita inland storm tide SO JOURNAL OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Flood Defence CY MAY 06-08, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Storm tide; interpolation; water level; barriers; hurricane ID TENSION AB Flood-inundation data are most useful for decision makers when presented in the context of maps of affected communities and (or) areas. But because the data are scarce and rarely cover the full extent of the flooding, interpolation and extrapolation of the information are needed. Many geographic information systems provide various interpolation tools, but these tools often ignore the effects of the topographic and hydraulic features that influence flooding. A barrier mapping method was developed to improve maps of storm tide produced by Hurricane Rita. Maps were developed for the maximum storm tide and at 3-h intervals from midnight (00: 00 hours) through noon (12: 00 hours) on 24 September 2005. The improved maps depict storm-tide elevations and the extent of flooding. The extent of storm-tide inundation from the improved maximum storm-tide map was compared with the extent of flood inundation from a map prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The boundaries from these two maps generally compared quite well especially along the Calcasieu River. Also a cross section profile that parallels the Louisiana coast was developed from the maximum storm-tide map and included FEMA high-water marks. C1 [Berenbrock, C.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Berenbrock, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ceberenb@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1753-318X J9 J FLOOD RISK MANAG JI J. Flood Risk Manag. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01019.x PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 674YB UT WOS:000283786400009 ER PT J AU Stewart, SI Wilmer, B Hammer, RB Aplet, GH Hawbaker, TJ Miller, C Radeloff, VC AF Stewart, Susan I. Wilmer, Bo Hammer, Roger B. Aplet, Gregory H. Hawbaker, Todd J. Miller, Carol Radeloff, Volker C. TI Wildland-Urban Interface Maps Vary with Purpose and Context SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland-urban interface; fire policy; GIS; Healthy Forest Restoration Act; National Fire Plan ID UNITED-STATES; 1990S AB Maps of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are both policy tools and powerful visual images. Although the growing number of WUI maps serve similar purposes, this article indicates that WUI maps derived from the same data sets can differ in important ways related to their original intended application. We discuss the use of ancillary data in modifying census data to improve WUI maps and offer a cautionary note about this practice. A comparison of two WUI mapping approaches suggests that no single map is "best" because users' needs vary. The analysts who create maps are responsible for ensuring that users understand their purpose, data, and methods; map users are responsible for paying attention to these features and using each map accordingly. These considerations should apply to any analysis but are especially important to analyses of the Will on which policy decisions will be made. C1 [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Wilmer, Bo] Wilderness Soc, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Hammer, Roger B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Aplet, Gregory H.] Wilderness Soc, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Miller, Carol] Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Stewart, SI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM sistewart@fs.fed.us; bo@tws.org; rhammer@oregonstate.edu; greg_aplet@twe.org; tjhawbaker@gmail.com; cmiller04@fs.fed.us; radeloff@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418SA UT WOS:000264167700008 ER PT J AU Ketola, HG Johnson, JH Adams, CM Farquhar, JF AF Ketola, H. George Johnson, James H. Adams, Connie M. Farquhar, James F. TI Influence of Diet of Double-Crested Cormorants on Thiamine, Lead, and Mineral Contents of Their Eggs SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; LAKE-ONTARIO; MICHIGAN; RATS; CONTAMINANTS; INTOXICATION; SALMONIDS; ALEWIVES; TISSUES; GROWTH AB Throughout much of the Great Lakes basin, reproduction of several fish species is impaired by deficiency of thiamine in their eggs, an effect attributed to consumption of thiaminase-containing forage species, primarily alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). Because the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) nesting on islands in Lake Ontario is known to consume considerable amounts of alewife, we examined cormorant food habits and measured thiamine content in eggs collected in 1999 from six separate nests of cormorants from colonies near Lake Ontario and contrasted them with food habits and eggs of cormorants from Oneida Lake where the alewife is rare. Thiamine concentrations in eggs varied between 4.31 and 11.24 nmoles/g with no significant (P>0.18) difference between mean concentrations for Lake Ontario and Oneida Lake (8.08 vs 8.36 nmoles/g) even though alewife comprised approximately 65 vs 0% of their diets, respectively. Consumption of other thiaminase-containing species was minor in both lakes. Therefore, consumption of alewife and other thiaminase containing fishes by cormorants on Lake Ontario did not appear to significantly impair the levels of thiamine in their eggs. However, we found that the concentration of thiamine in eggs (T; nmoles/g) was inversely related (P<0.02) to lead (Pb) concentration (mu g/g) according to the equation: T = -3.142 Pb + 16.25. This relationship may reflect the known ability of thiamine to chelate lead and increase its excretion. C1 [Ketola, H. George; Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Adams, Connie M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Farquhar, James F.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. RP Ketola, HG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM gketola@usgs.gov FU USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX We thank Phyllis L. Randall, of the Tunison Laboratory, for technical assistance. This article is Contribution 1501 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1080/02705060.2009.9664263 PG 5 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408KQ UT WOS:000263434300005 ER PT J AU Musselman, WC Brewer, SK AF Musselman, W. Chris Brewer, Shannon K. TI Winter Habitat Use by Orangethroat Darter, Etheostoma spectabile, at Multiple Spatial Scales SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISH AB We determined densities of orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile) from different channel units during winter, the relation between fish size and channel unit used, and the microhabitat conditions related to the densities of this species. A quadrat sampler and backpack electrofishing were combined to sample darters from different channel units in an Ozark border region stream in central Missouri, USA. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between mean densities of orangethroat darters in channel units. Densities were highest in pool and lowest in riffle habitats. Darter length was significantly greater in riffles than runs or pools. Variables significant to our model were velocity (negative correlation), percent cobble (positive correlation), and percent boulder (negative correlation). We found darters used all channel units during winter, though disproportionately. Identifying microhabitat conditions (low-velocity microhabitats) used by darters without channel unit use could have been misleading because riffles, whereas used less than other channel units, were important habitat for adult darters. We suggest an appropriate conservation strategy for this species must account for all channel unit types in order to benefit darter fitness parameters. C1 [Musselman, W. Chris] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. EM Shannon_brewer@fws.gov FU Missouri Cooperative Fish; Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for financial support and use of equipment and A. Turner for assistance with fish collection. This manuscript was improved by comments from Kerry Reeves, Doug Noltie, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1080/02705060.2009.9664267 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408KQ UT WOS:000263434300009 ER PT J AU French, JRP Black, MG AF French, John R. P., III Black, M. Glen TI Maximum Length and Age of Round Gobies (Apollonia melanostomus) in Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; DETROIT RIVER; GROWTH AB The round goby (Apollonia [Neogobius] melanostomus), an invasive species, is generally smaller and shorter-lived in the Great Lakes than it native range. We examined 30 large male round gobies from trawl samples taken in Lake Huron and used otoliths to determine their age and back-calculated growth. Standard lengths ranged from 76 to 97 mm, and the oldest fish were age-5. Low water temperatures in nearshore regions of Lake Huron might cause slow growth and late maturation. C1 [French, John R. P., III; Black, M. Glen] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP French, JRP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM frenchjrp@usgs.gov FU USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX We thank E. Roseman, S. Riley, T. O'Brien, C. Kiley, T. Desorcle, and the crew of the RN Grayling for their assistance in collection of round gobies from Lake Huron. We thank J. Nichols, J. Schaeffer, and E. Roseman, and for their helpful comments oil the manuscript. This article is Contribution 1504 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.1080/02705060.2009.9664278 PG 3 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408KQ UT WOS:000263434300020 ER PT J AU Julian, JT Young, JA Jones, JW Snyder, CD Wright, CW AF Julian, James T. Young, John A. Jones, John W. Snyder, Craig D. Wright, C. Wayne TI The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; Local indicator of spatial association; Seasonal wetland; Remote sensing ID ISOLATED WETLANDS; FRAGMENTATION; INTENSITY; LANDSCAPE; HIERARCHY; COMMUNITY; COASTAL; IMAGERY; HEIGHT; MODELS AB We examined whether spatially explicit information improved models that use LiDAR return signal intensity to discriminate in-pond habitat from terrestrial habitat at 24 amphibian breeding ponds. The addition of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to LiDAR return intensity data significantly improved predictive models at all ponds, reduced residual error by as much as 74%, and appeared to improve models by reducing classification errors associated with types of in-pond vegetation. We conclude that LISA statistics can help maximize the information content that can be extracted from time resolved LiDAR return data in models that predict the occurrence of small, seasonal ponds. C1 [Julian, James T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Young, John A.; Snyder, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Jones, John W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wright, C. Wayne] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Julian, JT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, 302 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jtj2@psu.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1435-5930 J9 J GEOGR SYST JI J. Geogr. Syst. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4 PG 18 WC Geography SC Geography GA 409IL UT WOS:000263499300005 ER PT J AU McGuire, PE Andraski, BJ Archibald, RE AF McGuire, Patrick E. Andraski, Brian J. Archibald, Ryan E. TI Case Study of a Full-Scale Evapotranspiration Cover SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SEMIARID REGIONS; WATER-BALANCE; POROUS-MEDIA; BULK-DENSITY; SOIL; PERFORMANCE; LANDFILL; BARRIERS; DESIGN AB The design, construction, and performance analyses of a 6.1 ha evapotranspiration (ET) landfill cover at the semiarid U.S. Army Fort Carson site, near Colorado Springs, Colo. are presented. Initial water-balance model simulations, using literature reported soil hydraulic data, aided selection of borrow-source soil type(s) that resulted in predictions of negligible annual drainage (<= 1 mm/year). Final construction design was based on refined water-balance simulations using laboratory determined soil hydraulic values from borrow area natural soil horizons that were described with USDA soil classification methods. Cover design components included a 122 cm thick clay loam (USDA), compaction <= 80% of the standard Proctor maximum dry density (dry bulk density similar to 1.3 Mg/m(3)), erosion control measures, top soil amended with biosolids, and seeding with native grasses. Favorable hydrologic performance for a 5 year period was documented by lysimeter-measured and Richards'-based calculations of annual drainage that were all < 0.4 mm/year. Water potential data suggest that ET removed water that infiltrated the cover and contributed to a persistent driving force for upward flow and removal of water from below the base of the cover. C1 [Andraski, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Archibald, Ryan E.] AECOM, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. RP McGuire, PE (reprint author), N6180 Riverview Rd, Plymouth, WI 53073 USA. EM pmcguire2@verizon.net; andraski@usgs.gov; ryan.archibald@aecom.com FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers-Omaha District; Fort Carson Directorate of Environmental Compliance and Management; U. S. Army Environmental Center FX The writers gratefully acknowledge the funding and/or technical support from the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers-Omaha District, Fort Carson Directorate of Environmental Compliance and Management, and the U. S. Army Environmental Center. The writers greatly appreciate the technical support from Don Moses (USACE-Omaha, Neb.) and John Valentine (USDA-Colorado Springs, Colo.), and the support from numerous staff including Jon Gumtow (Natural Resources Consulting, Inc., Menasha, Wis.) for soil characterization, Caron Rifici (Fort Carson-DECAM) for vegetation surveys, Mike Johnson (USGS-Carson City, Nev.) for calibration of thermocouple psychrometers, and Robert Weseljak (AECOM-Sheboygan, Wis.) for numerical modeling assistance. The writers appreciate the efforts of two anonymous reviewers for their comments which improved the clarity of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 135 IS 3 BP 316 EP 332 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(316) PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 407WZ UT WOS:000263396300002 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB David, SR Madenjian, CP AF Bunnell, David B. David, Solomon R. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Decline in bloater fecundity in Southern Lake Michigan after decline of Diporeia SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bloater; Fecundity; Recruitment; Condition; Maternal effects ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; COREGONUS-HOYI; NORTH-SEA; EGG SIZE; SPATIAL VARIATION; BODY-SIZE; IRISH SEA AB Population fecundity can vary through time, sometimes owing to changes in adult condition. Consideration of these fecundity changes can improve understanding of recruitment variation. Herein, we estimated fecundity of Lake Michigan bloater Coregonus hoyi during December 2005 and February 2006. Bloater recruitment has been highly variable from 1962 to present, and consistently poor since 1992. We compared our fecundity vs. weight regression to a previously published regression that used fish sampled in October 1969. We wanted to develop a new regression for two reasons. First, it should be more accurate because it uses fish collected closer to spawning, thus minimizing the potential for atresia (egg reabsorption) which could bias fecundity high. Second, we hypothesized that fecundity would be lower in 2006 because adult condition was 41% lower in 2006 compared to 1969, likely owing to the decline of Diporeia spp, a primary prey for bloater. Although the slope of the fecundity versus weight regression was similar between the years, fecundity was 24% lower in 2006 than in 1969 for bloater weighing between 70 and 240 g. Whether this was the result of the difference in sampling time prior to spawning or of differences in condition is unknown. We also found no relationship between maternal size and mature oocyte size. Incorporating our updated fecundity regression into a stock/recruit model failed to improve the model fit, indicating that the low bloater recruitment that has been observed since the early 1990s is not solely the result of reduced fecundity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [David, Solomon R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov; E_americanus@hotmail.com; cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.001 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432TU UT WOS:000265157900006 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Madenjian, CP Holuszko, JD Adams, JV French, JRP AF Bunnell, David B. Madenjian, Charles P. Holuszko, Jeffrey D. Adams, Jean V. French, John R. P., III TI Expansion of Dreissena into offshore waters of Lake Michigan and potential impacts on fish populations SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zebra mussels; Quagga mussels; Benthic invertebrates; Alewife; Bloater; Deepwater sculpin ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; ONTARIO FOLLOWING INVASION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; ZEBRA MUSSEL; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; SCULPIN COMMUNITY; ENERGY DENSITY AB Lake Michigan was invaded by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the late 1980s and then followed by quagga mussels (D. bugensis) around 1997. Through 2000, both species (herein Dreissena) were largely restricted to depths less than 50 m. Herein, we provide results of an annual lake-wide bottom trawl survey in Lake Michigan that reveal the relative biomass and depth distribution of Dreissena between 1999 and 2007 (although biomass estimates from a bottom trawl are biased low). Lake-wide mean biomass density (g/m(2)) and mean depth of collection revealed no trend between 1999 and 2003 (mean =0.7 g/m(2) and 37 m, respectively). Between 2004 and 2007, however, mean take-wide biomass density increased from 0.8 g/m(2) to 7.0 g/m(2), because of increased density at depths between 30 and 110 m, and mean depth of collection increased from 42 to 77 m. This pattern was confirmed by a generalized additive model. Coincident with the Dreissena expansion that occurred beginning in 2004, fish biomass density (generally planktivores) declined 71% between 2003 and 2007. Current understanding of fish population dynamics, however, indicates that Dreissena expansion is not the primary explanation for the decline of fish, and we provide a species-specific account for more likely underlying factors. Nonetheless, future sampling and research may reveal a better understanding of the potential negative interactions between Dreissena and fish in Lake Michigan and elsewhere. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Holuszko, Jeffrey D.; Adams, Jean V.; French, John R. P., III] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov; cmadenjian@usgs.gov; jholuszko@usgs.gov; jvadams@usgs.gov; frenchjrp@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 52 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432TU UT WOS:000265157900009 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Johnson, JH AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Johnson, James H. TI Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of larval lake whitefish in eastern Lake Ontario: Signs of recovery? SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coregonid production; Ichthyoplankton; Great Lakes; Native fish ID COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS MITCHILL; ENGLISH-CHANNEL; FISH LARVAE; SOLEA-SOLEA; RECRUITMENT; SURVIVAL; MICHIGAN; DENSITY; HABITAT; GROWTH AB The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) is one of the native Lake Ontario fishes that declined severely over the past century. Recent evidence of larval lake whitefish production in a historic spawning area (Chaumont Bay) might signal a recovery of this species in New York waters. We surveyed coastal and open water areas to evaluate densities and estimate total abundance of larval lake whitefish in Chaumont Bay. Other historic spawning areas and embayments with appropriate spawning and nursery habitat were also surveyed, but only a few larvae were found outside of Chaumont Bay. Lake whitefish larvae were found in every embayment sampled within Chaumont Bay, with larval densities of nearly 600/1000 m(2) in some samples. Greatest abundances occurred in the northern sectors and near the mouth of the bay. open water densities were generally less than half that of nearshore sites. The total bay-wide estimate for 2005 was approximately 644,000 lake whitefish larvae, but dropped to 230,000-400,000 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Mean larval growth rates (0.36 mm/day) did not differ by year, but were consistently higher in early May than in late April. Lake whitefish production in Chaumont Bay is encouraging for this species, but the cause and persistence of the decline after 2005 can be determined only by continued monitoring. Other possible bottlenecks of survival may exist at juvenile and adult stages and could significantly affect recruitment dynamics. This species is sensitive to normal climatic fluctuations and increased variability associated with global climatic change could make winter nursery conditions unfavorable for this species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.; Johnson, James H.] USGS, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), USGS, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov; jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432TU UT WOS:000265157900011 ER PT J AU French, JRP Schaeffer, JS Roseman, EF Kiley, CS Fouilleroux, A AF French, John R. P., III Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Roseman, Edward F. Kiley, Courtney S. Fouilleroux, Alexandria TI Abundance and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in offshore soft sediments in Western Lake Huron, 2001-2007 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Benthic macroinvertebrates; Diporeia; Dreissenids; Lake Huron ID ONTARIO FOLLOWING INVASION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; ENERGY DENSITY; MICHIGAN; DREISSENA; COMMUNITIES; WHITEFISH; DISAPPEARANCE; POPULATIONS AB Invasive species have had major impacts on the Great Lakes. This is especially true of exotic dreissenid mussels which are associated with decreased abundance of native macroinvertebrates and changes in food availability for fish. Beginning in 2001, we added a benthic macroinvertebrate survey to the USGS-Great Lakes Science Center's annual fall prey fish assessment of Lake Huron to monitor abundance of macrobenthos. Mean abundance of Diporeia, the most abundant benthic taxon in Lake Huron reported by previous investigators, declined greatly between 2001 and 2007. Diporeia was virtually absent at 27-m sites by 2001, decreased and was lost completely from 46-m depths by 2006, but remained present at reduced densities at 73-m sites. Dreissenids in our samples were almost entirely quagga mussels Dreissena bugensis. Zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha were virtually absent from our samples, suggesting that they were confined to nearshore areas shallower than we sampled. Loss of Diporeia at individual sites was associated with arrival of quagga mussels, even when mussel densities were low. Quagga mussel density peaked during 2002, then decreased thereafter. During the study quagga mussels became established at most 46-m sites, but remained rare at 73-m sites. Length frequency distributions suggest that initial widespread recruitment may have occurred during 2001-2002. Like other Great Lakes, Lake Huron quagga mussels were associated with decreased abundance of native taxa, but negative effects occurred even though dreissenid densities were much lower. Dreissenid effects may extend well into deep oligotrophic habitats of Lake Huron. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [French, John R. P., III; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; Roseman, Edward F.; Kiley, Courtney S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fouilleroux, Alexandria] Ecole Natl Super Agron Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France. RP French, JRP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM frenchjrp@usgs.gov; jschaeffer@usgs.gov; eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432TU UT WOS:000265157900014 ER PT J AU McGoldrick, DJ Metcalfe-Smith, JL Arts, MT Schloesser, DW Newton, TJ Mackie, GL Monroe, EM Biberhofer, J Johnson, K AF McGoldrick, Daryl J. Metcalfe-Smith, Janice L. Arts, Michael T. Schloesser, Donald W. Newton, Teresa J. Mackie, Gerald L. Monroe, Emy M. Biberhofer, Johann Johnson, Kennon TI Characteristics of a refuge for native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Lake St. Clair SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Freshwater mussels; Zebra mussels; Lake St. Clair; Glycogen; Fatty acids; Refuge ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ERIE COASTAL WETLAND; EXOTIC ZEBRA MUSSEL; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; GLYCOGEN-CONTENT; AMBLEMA-PLICATA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; HUDSON RIVER; FATTY-ACIDS; IMPACT AB The Lake St. Clair delta (similar to 100 km(2)) provides an important refuge for native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) wherein 22 of the similar to 35 historical species co-occur with invasive dreissenids. A total of 1875 live unionids representing 22 species were found during snorkeling surveys of 32 shallow (similar to 1 m) sites throughout the delta. Richness and density of unionids and zebra mussel infestation rates varied among sites from 3 to 13 unionid species, 0.02 to 0.12 unionids/m(2), and <1 to 35 zebra mussels/unionid, respectively. Zebra mussel infestation of unionids in the delta appears to be mitigated by dominant offshore currents, which limit densities of zebra mussel veligers in nearshore compared to offshore waters (13,600 vs. 28,000/m(3), respectively). Glycogen concentrations in the tissues of a common and widespread species in the delta (Lampsilis siliquoidea) suggest that zebra mussels may be adversely affecting physiological condition of unionids in a portion of the Lake St. Clair delta. Physiological condition and community structure of unionids within the delta may also be influenced by differences in food quantity and quality resulting from the uneven distribution of water flowing from the St. Clair River. The delta likely supports the largest living unionid community in the lower Great Lakes and includes several species that have been listed as Endangered or Threatened in Canada and/or the state of Michigan, making it an important refuge for the conservation of native unionids. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McGoldrick, Daryl J.; Metcalfe-Smith, Janice L.; Arts, Michael T.; Biberhofer, Johann] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Schloesser, Donald W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Mackie, Gerald L.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Mackie, Gerald L.] Water Syst Analysts, Guelph, ON N1H 7B2, Canada. [Monroe, Emy M.] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Johnson, Kennon] Walpole Isl Resource Protect, Walpole Isl, ON N8A 4K9, Canada. RP McGoldrick, DJ (reprint author), Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, POB 5050, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM Daryl.McGoldrick@ec.gc.ca; janiceatstoney@sympatico.ca; Michael.Arts@ec.gc.ca; dschloesser@usgs.gov; tnewton@usgs.gov; gerry.mackie@sympatico.ca; monroeem@muohio.edu; Hans.Biberhofer@ec.gc.ca; kennon.johnson@wifn.org OI Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU Endangered Species Recovery Fund; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Environment Canada FX Funding for this project was provided by the Endangered Species Recovery Fund, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and by Environment Canada. The field component of this study would not have been possible without the contributions of personnel from: Technical Operations Services (Environment Canada), Walpole Island Heritage Centre, United States Geological Survey (Ann Arbor, MI) and the Detroit Edison Company. We are particularly grateful to Michael Williams and Clint Jacobs (Walpole Island First Nation) for their assistance with project coordination and planning and David Zanatta, Douglas Sweet, Paul Marangelo, Tyler Spencer and Amy Valliquette for their assistance in the field. All field work was conducted under permits obtained from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (License No. 1006283, 1015154, and 1025342), the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (Permit No. 1467), the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Sub-permit No. 0309) and under section 73 of Canada's Species at Risk Act (Permit No. SECT04 SC1003 and SECT 05 SCI 017) Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and 'does not imply endorsement by the governments of the US or Canada. This is contribution 1511 of the Great Lakes Science Center, USGS, Ann Arbor, Michigan. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432TU UT WOS:000265157900016 ER PT J AU Warner, DM Claramunt, RM Janssen, J Jude, DJ Wattrus, N AF Warner, David M. Claramunt, Randall M. Janssen, John Jude, David J. Wattrus, Nigel TI Acoustic estimates of abundance and distribution of spawning lake trout on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acoustic; Lake trout restoration; Reproduction; Salvelinus namaycush ID GREAT-LAKES; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FOOD-WEB; RESTORATION; SUPERIOR; DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTION; AGGREGATIONS; PROGRESS; HABITAT AB Efforts to restore self-sustaining lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes have had widespread success in Lake Superior; but in other Great Lakes, populations of lake trout are maintained by stocking. Recruitment bottlenecks may be present at a number of stages of the reproduction process. To study eggs and fry, it is necessary to identify spawning locations, which is difficult in deep water. Acoustic sampling can be used to rapidly locate aggregations of fish (like spawning lake trout), describe their distribution, and estimate their abundance. To assess these capabilities for application to lake trout, we conducted an acoustic survey covering 22 km(2) at Sheboygan Reef, a deep reef (<40 m summit) in southern Lake Michigan during fall 2005. Data collected with remotely operated vehicles (ROV) confirmed that fish were large lake trout, that lake trout were 1-2 m above bottom, and that spawning took place over specific habitat. Lake trout density exhibited a high degree of spatial structure (autocorrelation) up to a range of similar to 190 m, and highest lake trout and egg densities occurred over rough substrates (rubble and cobble) at the shallowest depths sampled (36-42 m). Mean lake trout density in the area surveyed (similar to 2190 ha) was 5.8 fish/ha and the area surveyed contained an estimated 9500-16,000 large lake trout. Spatial aggregation in lake trout densities, similarity of depths and substrates at which high lake trout and egg densities occurred, and relatively low uncertainty in the lake trout density estimate indicate that acoustic sampling can be a useful complement to other sampling tools used in lake trout restoration research. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. [Janssen, John] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Jude, David J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wattrus, Nigel] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Warner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dmwarner@usgs.gov; claramur@michigan.gov; jjanssen@uwm.edu; djude@umich.edu; nwattrus@d.umn.edu RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009; Wattrus, Nigel/K-7575-2012; Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013 OI Wattrus, Nigel/0000-0003-0014-6192; NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432TU UT WOS:000265157900017 ER PT J AU Adams, MJ Pearl, CA McCreary, B Galvan, SK Wessell, SJ Wente, WH Anderson, CW Kuehl, AB AF Adams, Michael J. Pearl, Christopher A. McCreary, Brome Galvan, Stephanie K. Wessell, Stephanie J. Wente, Wendy H. Anderson, Chauncey W. Kuehl, Allison B. TI Short-Term Effect of Cattle Exclosures on Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) Populations and Habitat in Northeastern Oregon SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVESTOCK; PONDS; COMMUNITIES AB Livestock grazing is a common land use across the western United States, but concerns have been raised regarding its potential to affect amphibian populations. We studied the short-term effects of full and partial livestock grazing exclosures on Rana luteiventris (Columbia Spotted Frog) populations using a controlled manipulative field experiment with pre- and posttreatment data (2002-2006). Despite a significant increase in vegetation height within grazing exclosures, we did not find treatment effects for egg mass counts, larval survival, or size at metamorphosis 1-2 years following grazing exclosure installation. Water samples taken in late summer showed concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, and orthophosphate that were low or near detection limits across all ponds and years. The results of this experiment do not support a hypothesis that limiting cattle access to breeding ponds will help conserve R. luteiventris populations in our study area. Further research is needed to evaluate regional variation and long-term effects of grazing exclosures on R. luteiventris populations. C1 [Adams, Michael J.; Pearl, Christopher A.; McCreary, Brome; Galvan, Stephanie K.; Wessell, Stephanie J.; Wente, Wendy H.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Chauncey W.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Kuehl, Allison B.] Wallowa Whitman Natl Forest, Baker City, OR 97814 USA. RP Adams, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mjadams@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 423MR UT WOS:000264500900016 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Kapfer, JM Korschgen, CE AF Kenow, Kevin P. Kapfer, Joshua M. Korschgen, Carl. E. TI Predation of Radio-Marked Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Ducklings by Eastern Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) and Western Fox Snakes (Pantherophis vulpinus) on the Upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; DUCK; MINNESOTA; BROODS; REFUGE AB In formation on the predation rate of Eastern Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) and Western Fox Snakes (Pantherophis vulpinus) on waterfowl, particularly ducklings, is minimal. Most information that exists focuses on the percent of waterfowl found in the diet of sampled turtles or snakes. Although this information is useful, it does not elucidate the potential effect of reptile predation on waterfowl populations by measuring predation rate (i.e., the number of sampled ducklings consumed by reptile predators). We attempted to determine this by tracking the fate of 448 day-old Mallard (Anas platyrhychos) ducklings from 1991-1994 on the Upper Mississippi River. A total of 120 ducklings were preyed upon during the study (26.7% predation rate). Of these, 13 were consumed by Eastern Snapping Turtles (2.9% predation rate) and four by Western Fox Snakes (0.8% predation rate). Predation rate by reptiles was lower than mammals and similar to that of fish and birds, but several depredations with undetermined sources could have been caused by Eastern Snapping Turtles. For a proper perspective on predation impacts on duckling populations, one must also consider the influence of habitat quality as it relates to the interactions of predation, food resources, and cover. C1 [Kapfer, Joshua M.] Nat Resources Consulting, Cottage Grove, WI 53527 USA. [Kenow, Kevin P.; Korschgen, Carl. E.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Environm Sci, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Kapfer, JM (reprint author), Nat Resources Consulting, 209 Commerce Pkwy,POB 128, Cottage Grove, WI 53527 USA. EM jnjkapfer@hotmail.com OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 154 EP 158 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 423MR UT WOS:000264500900019 ER PT J AU Fong, DA Monismith, SG Stacey, MT Burau, JR AF Fong, Derek A. Monismith, Stephen G. Stacey, Mark T. Burau, Jon R. TI Turbulent Stresses and Secondary Currents in a Tidal-Forced Channel with Significant Curvature and Asymmetric Bed Forms SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; REYNOLDS STRESS; FLOW; CIRCULATION; ESTUARY; RIPPLES; ENERGY AB Acoustic Doppler current profilers are deployed to measure both the mean flow and turbulent properties in a channel with significant curvature. Direct measurements of the Reynolds stress show a significant asymmetry over the tidal cycle where stresses are enhanced during the flood tide and less prominent over the ebb tide. This asymmetry is corroborated by logarithmic fits using 10 min averaged velocity data. A smaller yet similar tendency asymmetry in drag coefficient is inferred by fitting the velocity and estimated large-scale pressure gradient to a one-dimensional along-channel momentum balance. This smaller asymmetry is consistent with recent modeling work simulating regional flows in the vicinity of the study site. The asymmetry in drag suggests the importance of previously reported bed forms for this channel and demonstrates spatial and temporarily variations in bed stress. Secondary circulation patterns observed in a relatively straight section of channel appear driven by local curvature rather than being remotely forced by the regions of significant curvature only a few hundred meters from the measurement site. C1 [Fong, Derek A.; Monismith, Stephen G.] Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stacey, Mark T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Burau, Jon R.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Fong, DA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dfong@stanford.edu FU Calfed Ecosystem Restoration Program [4600001955] FX This work was generously funded by the Calfed Ecosystem Restoration Program (4600001955). Discussions with Jeff DeGeorge, Jim Hench, Michael MacWilliams, Richard Rachiele, and Matt Reidenbach were helpful in preparing this manuscript. The data collection relied heavily on the skills and talents of the USGS Sacramento Team: Jay Cuetara, Jim George, and Jon Yokomizo and EFML Field team. The first writer also acknowledges Aaron Blake's assistance in obtaining the original CTD data at the 3MS boundaries as well as the assistance of Nancy Monsen and Lisa Lucas in generating the Delta map shown. The third writer would like to acknowledge the UPS Foundation for his visiting professorship during the development and preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2009 VL 135 IS 3 BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2009)135:3(198) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 407ZO UT WOS:000263403000005 ER PT J AU Rigby, JK Blodgett, RB Anderson, NK AF Rigby, J. Keith Blodgett, Robert B. Anderson, Nicolle K. TI EMSIAN (LATE EARLY DEVONIAN) SPONGES FROM WEST-CENTRAL AND SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROPODS; QUADRANGLE C1 [Rigby, J. Keith; Anderson, Nicolle K.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Earth Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey Contractor, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Rigby, JK (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Earth Sci Museum, Room 165, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM rigbyjkeith@gmail.com; rblodgett@usgs.gov; nikki.anderson2@gmail.com FU National Geographic Society FX We appreciate the support and assistance of colleagues in the Department of Geological Sciences at Brigham Young University, in particular B. Britt who helped with preparation of the photographic figures. Locality maps were constructed by N. Anderson. Electron photomicrographs of type specimens of Medfraspongia lubularo were prepared by M. Standing of the Department of Biology, Brigham Young University. Blodgett expresses his appreciation to the National Geographic Society for research funds which allowed him to visit and collect fossils from the Devonian strata in the Shellabarger Pass area, Talkeetna C-6 quadrangle, south-central Alaska. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 83 IS 2 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1666/08-079R1.1 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 420BQ UT WOS:000264263800007 ER PT J AU Larson, GL Hoffman, R McIntire, CD Lienkaemper, G Samora, B AF Larson, Gary L. Hoffman, Robert McIntire, C. David Lienkaemper, George Samora, Barbara TI Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRUSTACEAN PLANKTON COMMUNITIES; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHWEST; COPEPODS; CANADA; AREA AB Water quality and zooplankton samples were collected during the ice-free periods between 1988 and 2005 from 103 oligotrophic montane lakes and ponds located in low forest to alpine vegetation zones in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA. Collectively, 45 rotifer and 44 crustacean taxa were identified. Most of the numerically dominant taxa appeared to have wide niche breadths. The average number of taxa per lake decreased with elevation and generally increased as maximum lake depths increased (especially for rotifers). With one exception, fish presence/absence did not explain the taxonomic compositions of crustacean zooplankton assemblages. Many rotifer species were common members of zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds in western North America, whereas the crustacean taxa were common to some areas of the west, but not others. Constraints of the environmental variables did not appear to provide strong gradients to separate the distributions of most zooplankton species. This suggests that interspecific competitive interactions and stochastic processes regulate the taxonomic structures of the zooplankton assemblages at the landscape level. Crustacean species that had broad niche breadths were associated with different rotifer taxa across the environmental gradients. Studies of zooplankton assemblages need to address both crustacean and rotifer taxa, not one or the other. C1 [Larson, Gary L.; Hoffman, Robert; Lienkaemper, George] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McIntire, C. David] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Samora, Barbara] Mt Rainier Natl Pk, Ashford, WA 98304 USA. RP Larson, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robert_hoffman@usgs.gov FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Mount Rainier National Park and the National Park Service FX Financial support for this study was provided by the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Mount Rainier National Park and the National Park Service. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn125 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 404PP UT WOS:000263165800004 ER PT J AU Ellis, DH AF Ellis, David H. TI ON THE UNIQUENESS OF COLOR PATTERNS IN RAPTOR FEATHERS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; Golden Eagle; color pattern; feather; molt; plumage; symmetry ID GOLDEN EAGLE; RECTRICES AB For this study, I compared sequentially molted feathers for a few captive raptors from year to year and symmetrically matched feathers (left/right pairs) for many raptors to see if color patterns of sequential feather pairs were identical or if symmetrical pairs were mirror-image identical. Feather pairs were found to be identical only when without color pattern (e.g., the all-white rectrices of Bald Eagles [Haliaeetus leucocephalus]). Complex patterns were not closely matched, but some simple patterns were sometimes closely matched, although not identical. Previous claims that complex color patterns in feather pairs are fingerprint-identical (and therefore that molted feathers from wild raptors can be used to identify breeding adults from year to year with certainty) were found to untrue: each feather is unique. Although it is unwise to he certain of bird of origin using normal feathers, abnormal feathers can often be so used. C1 [Ellis, David H.] Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), Inst Raptor Studies, 3722 Defiance St, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. EM dcellis@theriver.com NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 11 EP 26 DI 10.3356/JRR-08-07.1 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 420MG UT WOS:000264293300002 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Yates, MA Seegar, WS AF Henny, Charles J. Yates, Michael A. Seegar, William S. TI DRAMATIC DECLINES OF DDE AND OTHER ORGANOCHLORINES IN SPRING MIGRANT PEREGRINE FALCONS FROM PADRE ISLAND, TEXAS, 1978-2004 SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peregrine Falcon; Falco peregrinus; contaminants; DDE; DDT; migration; monitoring; Texas ID BALD EAGLES; PESTICIDES; RETARDANTS; RESIDUES; PLASMA; EGGS AB Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) captured in the spring at Padre Island, Texas. nest across the arctic anti subarctic front Alaska to Greenland and winter throughout Latin America. Padre Island, located immediately north of the Mexican border, is the peregrines' first landfall in the U.S.A. after spending about 6 mo in Latin America. Blood plasma was collected from spring migrants at Padre Island between 1978 and 2004 to monitor trends in organochlorine (OC) pesticides anti their metabolites. Geometric mean concentrations of p,p'-DDE (mu g/g, ww) decreased throughout the study: 1978-1979 (0.879), 1980 (0.617), 1984 (0.551), 1994 (0.406) and 2004 (0.013). Most other OC pesticides, with detection limits used (luring the earlier portion of this study, were no longer detected during the last two sampling periods. The reduced concentrations of OC pesticides suggest that other pesticides (including carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids) are likely being used as replacements. These replacement compounds are not. as persistent and cannot be readily evaluated at migration sites like Padre Island. However, concentrations of flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers; PBDEs) have recently increased in bird eggs in many regions anti have been reported in blood plasma. Concentrations of PBDEs in peregrine plasma could be evaluated at Padre Island for assessment of trends in the Americas. C1 [Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yates, Michael A.] Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Minden, NV 89423 USA. [Seegar, William S.] Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Dept Army, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 320 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_i_henny@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.3356/JRR-08-45.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 420MG UT WOS:000264293300004 ER PT J AU Actkinson, MA Kuvlesky, WP Boal, CW Brennan, LA Hernandez, F AF Actkinson, Michael A. Kuvlesky, William P., Jr. Boal, Clint W. Brennan, Leonard A. Hernandez, Fidel TI COMPARISON OF THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF SYMPATRIC RED-TAILED HAWKS, WHITE-TAILED HAWKS, AND CRESTED CARACARAS IN SOUTH TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crested Cararara; Caracara cheriway; Red-tailed Hawk; Buteo jamaicensis; White-tailed Hawk; Buteo albicaudatus; breeding biology; sympatry; Texas AB We compared the breeding biology of sympatric nesting Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), White-tailed Hawks (Buteo albicaudatus), and Crested Caracaras (Caracura cheriway) in south Texas during 2003 and 2004. We monitored 46 breeding attempts by Red-tailed Hawks, 56 by White-tailed Hawks, and 27 by Crested Caracaras. Observed nesting success was similar for Red-tailed Hawks (62%) and Crested Caracaras (61%), but. lower for White-tailed Hawks (51%). Daily survival rates (0.99) were the same for all three species. Red-tailed Hawks and White-tailed Hawks both fledged 1.13 young per nesting pair and Crested Caracaras fledged 1.39 young per nesting pair. All three species nested earlier in 2004 than in 2003; in addition, the overall nesting density of these three species almost doubled from 2003 (1.45 pairs/km(2)) to 2004 (2.71 pairs/km(2)). Estimated productivity of all three species was within the ranges reported from other studies. Given extensive and progressive habitat. alteration in some areas of south Texas, and the limited distributions of White-tailed Hawks and Crested Caracaras, the presence of large ranches managed for free-range cattle production and hunting leases likely provides important habitat and may be key areas for conservation of these two species. C1 [Actkinson, Michael A.; Kuvlesky, William P., Jr.; Brennan, Leonard A.; Hernandez, Fidel] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Actkinson, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Earthspan Inc.; Elizabeth Huth Coastes Foundation; Caesar Kleberg Foundation for Wildlife Conservation FX We appreciate the financial support provided by Earthspan Inc., the Elizabeth Huth Coastes Foundation, and the Caesar Kleberg Foundation for Wildlife Conservation. Additionally, we thank King Ranch Inc. for permitting us to conduct research on their property. The manager of the San Tomas Hunting Camp, R. Howard, and his employer. Freeport-McMoran, provided housing, food and logistical support for project personnel during fieldwork. B Richardson, manager of the Mota Bonita Hunting Lodge and his employer Halliburton, Inc., provided assistance in location raptor nests. We thank A. Ortega-Sanzhez and B. Bilbles for asstance in the field. We are also grateful for the statistical expertise provided by R. Bingham and the editorial comments provided by A. Ortega-Sanchez, B. Ballard, T. Estabrook, J. Morrison, S. Lewis, and an anonymous referee. This is manuscript number 06-123 from the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.3356/JRR-07-63.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 420MG UT WOS:000264293300006 ER PT J AU DiStefano, RJ Magoulick, DD Imhoff, EM Larson, ER AF DiStefano, Robert J. Magoulick, Daniel D. Imhoff, Emily M. Larson, Eric R. TI Imperiled crayfishes use hyporheic zone during seasonal drying of an intermittent stream SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE crayfish conservation; intermittent streams; crayfish ecology; hyporheic zone ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BURROWING CRAYFISH; TEMPORARY STREAMS; DROUGHT; ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; MACROINVERTEBRATES; RECOLONIZATION AB Despite the prevalence and importance of intermittent streams, few studies have examined their use by crayfishes. We documented persistence in an intermittent stream and use of the hyporheic zone by 2 imperiled crayfishes, Orconectes williamsi and Orconectes meeki meeki, upon stream drying. During 2005 to 2007, we monitored summer flows and crayfish densities in 10 riffles in a Missouri (US) Ozark stream to document stream drying and crayfish persistence. Stream drying variables were riffle wetted area (m(2)) and current velocity (m/s). Crayfish density estimates were obtained with a quadrat sampler. We sampled monthly (May-August 2006) to examine crayfish response to decreased flows, and excavated dry quadrat samples (to 30 cm depth) after surface flows ceased. Over 2 periods during summer 2007, we used baited traps in the stream and a downstream reservoir where the stream terminates to examine whether crayfish migrated from the stream to permanent water in response to drying. Riffles dried significantly by July, few had surface water present by August, and all were rewetted by the following June. Annual June densities of O. williamsi remained stable throughout the study, whereas densities of O. m. meeki were lower in 2007 than 2005. Both species burrowed to the hyporheic zone during drying, and crayfish densities were similar to those estimated in riffles before drying. We found no evidence that either species migrated to permanent water in the reservoir during drying. Use by crayfish of the hyporheic zone during drying and interannual persistence in intermittent streams suggests that hyporheic habitats are important for conservation of these crayfishes. Our study contributes to the increasing body of knowledge that indicates the importance of intermittent streams for conservation of freshwater biodiversity. C1 [DiStefano, Robert J.; Imhoff, Emily M.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP DiStefano, RJ (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Ctr, 1110 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM bob.distefano@mdc.mo.gov; danmag@uark.edu; fbsemi@leeds.ac.uk; elarson@uark.edu RI Larson, Eric/H-3528-2012; Larson, Eric/P-8253-2016 OI Larson, Eric/0000-0002-9232-5907 NR 71 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 31 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1899/08-072.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 409BN UT WOS:000263481300013 ER PT J AU Corace, RG Flaspohler, DJ Shartell, LM AF Corace, R. Gregory, III Flaspohler, David J. Shartell, Lindsey M. TI Geographical patterns in openland cover and hayfield mowing in the Upper Great Lakes region: implications for grassland bird conservation SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bobolink; Conservation planning; Grassland birds; Hayfields; Midwest; Michigan; Minnesota; Wisconsin ID RESERVE PROGRAM FIELD; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; HABITAT QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; CRP FIELDS; LAND-USE; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; NORTH; ASSOCIATIONS AB Populations of many grassland bird species such as Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Henslow's Sparrow (A. henslowii), and Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) have experienced considerable declines over the last century. To foster multi-species grassland bird conservation in the Upper Great Lakes (UGL) states of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, we quantified geographic patterns within three sub-regional zones (e.g., North, Central, and South) of the UGL. Patterns of interest included the distribution and abundance of openland cover type (including managed pasture-hayland), the distribution, phenology, habitat affinity, and long-term population trends of ten grassland bird species, and (in particular) the geographic patterns in hayfield mowing and the temporal changes in hayfield cover. Approximately 10, 38, and 53% of the UGL openland was proportioned in the North, Central, and South zones, respectively. The distribution of hayland also varied by zone: North, 17%; Central, 46%; and South, 37%. In the central portion of the UGL where the greatest area is devoted to hay production, alfalfa-more intensively managed than mixed-grass hay-predominates. Although we found significance differences (P < 0.05) in hayfield mowing intensity between zones (with the majority of land under relatively low-intensity mowing found in the North Zone, particularly the Upper Peninsula of Michigan) no strong relationships were found between hayfield mowing patterns, other land cover-land use variables, and bird population trends at finer scales of study. Nonetheless, we suggest that the geographic patterns illustrated here provide useful information for grassland bird conservation planning across the UGL. C1 [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Flaspohler, David J.; Shartell, Lindsey M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Corace, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1674 Refuge Entrance Rd, Seney, MI 49883 USA. EM Greg_Corace@fws.gov FU Seney Natural History Association; Seney National Wildlife Refuge FX The authors wish to thank Seney Natural History Association for financial support and Seney National Wildlife Refuge for logistical support. Special thanks go out to all the resource professionals who provided data pertaining to hayfield mowing patterns and to Jennifer Papillo who assistedwith collecting these data. Previous drafts of this manuscript were improved through the numerous comments and suggestions of John Probst. Other reviewers included Chris Burnett, Eric Gustafson, James Herkert, Rolf Koford, Damon McCormick, Holly Petrillo, Tom Will, and two anonymous reviewers. We thank all for their input. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 309 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9306-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 408EY UT WOS:000263419500002 ER PT J AU Wilson, TL Johnson, EJ Bissonette, JA AF Wilson, Tammy L. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Bissonette, John A. TI Relative importance of habitat area and isolation for bird occurrence patterns in a naturally patchy landscape SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding bird; Fragmentation; Metapopulation dynamics; Sagebrush obligate; Mountain meadow; Utah; USA ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITY; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENT; ECOLOGY AB There is debate among ecologists about whether total habitat area or patch arrangement contributes most to population and/or community responses to fragmented or patchy landscapes. We tested the relative effects of patch area and isolation for predicting bird occurrence in a naturally patchy landscape in the Bear River Mountains of Northern Utah, USA. We selected focal patches (mountain meadows) ranging in elevation from 1,920 to 2,860 m and in size from 0.6 to 182 ha. Breeding birds were sampled in each focal meadow during the summers of 2003 and 2004 using variable-distance point transects. Logistic regression and likelihood-based model selection were used to determine the relationship between likelihood of occurrence of three bird species (Brewer's sparrow, vesper sparrow, and white-crowned sparrow) and area, isolation, and proximity metrics. We used model weights and model-averaged confidence intervals to assess the importance of each predictor variable. Plots of area versus isolation were used to evaluate complex relationships between the variables. We found that meadow area was the most important variable for explaining occurrence for two species, and that isolation was the most important for the other. We also found that the absolute distance was more appropriate for evaluating isolation responses than was the species-specific proximity metric. Our findings add clarity to the debate between ecologists regarding the relative importance of area and isolation in species responses to patchy landscapes. C1 [Wilson, Tammy L.] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Area Ecol Program, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wilson, TL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tammyw@cc.usu.edu FU US Forest Service; USGS Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Utah State University Ecology Center FX This research was funded by the US Forest Service, and supported by the USGS Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (cooperators: Utah State University, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, US Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service), and the Utah State University Ecology Center. Clint McCarthy of USFS provided early vision for this project, and was instrumental in creating funding opportunities. Marmot Mountain L. L. C. provided camping gear for use in the field. We thank James A. MacMahon, Andreas Leidolf, and Patricia Crammer for their comments and reviews of thesis drafts, and Drs. Thomas C. Edwards Jr, and David Koons for help with analyses. We also thank our field technicians for their dedication and acceptance of extreme working conditions. Thanks to Jingle Wu for helping to reframe the discussion and for giving the MS a second chance. This manuscript was much improved thanks to insightful reviews by Drs. John Dunning, Eric Bollinger, A. Joshua Leffler, Helene Wagner and several anonymous referees. All URLs, including those listed for relevant software packages, were checked in November 2007, prior to submission of this article. Floral references follow USDA nomenclature available at http://plants.usda.gov. The use of trade or firm names in this paper is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey of any product or service. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9309-5 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 408EY UT WOS:000263419500005 ER PT J AU Howell, JE Moore, CT Conroy, MJ Hamrick, RG Cooper, RJ Thackston, RE Carroll, JP AF Howell, Jay E. Moore, Clinton T. Conroy, Michael J. Hamrick, Richard G. Cooper, Robert J. Thackston, Reggie E. Carroll, John P. TI Conservation of northern bobwhite on private lands in Georgia, USA under uncertainty about landscape-level habitat effects SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Colinus virginianus; Habitat; Hierarchical models; Monitoring; Northern bobwhite; Uncertainty ID MODEL; ABUNDANCE; OPTIMIZATION; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; STATE; BIRDS; FISH AB Large-scale habitat enhancement programs for birds are becoming more widespread, however, most lack monitoring to resolve uncertainties and enhance program impact over time. Georgia's Bobwhite Quail Initiative (BQI) is a competitive, proposal-based system that provides incentives to landowners to establish habitat for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Using data from monitoring conducted in the program's first years (1999-2001), we developed alternative hierarchical models to predict bobwhite abundance in response to program habitat modifications on local and regional scales. Effects of habitat and habitat management on bobwhite population response varied among geographical scales, but high measurement variability rendered the specific nature of these scaled effects equivocal. Under some models, BQI had positive impact at both local farm scales (1, 9 km(2)), particularly when practice acres were clustered, whereas other credible models indicated that bird response did not depend on spatial arrangement of practices. Thus, uncertainty about landscape-level effects of management presents a challenge to program managers who must decide which proposals to accept. We demonstrate that optimal selection decisions can be made despite this uncertainty and that uncertainty can be reduced over time, with consequent improvement in management efficacy. However, such an adaptive approach to BQI program implementation would require the reestablishment of monitoring of bobwhite abundance, an effort for which funding was discontinued in 2002. For landscape-level conservation programs generally, our approach demonstrates the value in assessing multiple scales of impact of habitat modification programs, and it reveals the utility of addressing management uncertainty through multiple decision models and system monitoring. C1 [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Howell, Jay E.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Thackston, Reggie E.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Forsyth, GA 31029 USA. RP Moore, CT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cmoore@warnell.uga.edu FU University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry; Natural Resources and McIntire-Stennis [GEO-0100-MS, GEO-0136-MS]; US Geological Survey through the Eastern Region State Partnership Program.; USGS; University of Georgia; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute. FX Data used in this research were collected with funding from the WRD through the BQI; additional support was provided by the University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and McIntire-Stennis Projects GEO-0100-MS and GEO-0136-MS. Funding for spatial analysis and model development was provided by US Geological Survey through the Eastern Region State Partnership Program. The WRD provided logistical support for workshops and data assembly, and we specifically wish to acknowledge the assistance of C. D. Baumann of WRD. We thank J. R. Sauer, S. J. Converse, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful criticism of the manuscript. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by USGS, the University of Georgia, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 405 EP 418 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9320-x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 408EY UT WOS:000263419500009 ER PT J AU Wang, FW Cheng, QG Highland, L Miyajima, M Wang, HB Yan, CG AF Wang, Fawu Cheng, Qiangong Highland, Lynn Miyajima, Masakatsu Wang, Huabin Yan, Changgen TI Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Earthquake; Sichuan earthquake; China; Disaster AB The M (s) 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake or "Great Sichuan Earthquake" occurred at 14:28 p.m. local time on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Damage by earthquake-induced landslides was an important part of the total earthquake damage. This report presents preliminary observations on the Hongyan Resort slide located southwest of the main epicenter, shallow mountain surface failures in Xuankou village of Yingxiu Town, the Jiufengchun slide near Longmenshan Town, the Hongsong Hydro-power Station slide near Hongbai Town, the Xiaojiaqiao slide in Chaping Town, two landslides in Beichuan County-town which destroyed a large part of the town, and the Donghekou and Shibangou slides in Qingchuan County which formed the second biggest landslide lake formed in this earthquake. The influences of seismic, topographic, geologic, and hydro-geologic conditions are discussed. C1 [Wang, Fawu] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Cheng, Qiangong] SW Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. [Highland, Lynn] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Landslide Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Miyajima, Masakatsu; Yan, Changgen] Kanazawa Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Wang, Huabin] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Mech, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Wang, FW (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM wangfw@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp; chenqiangog@home.swjtu.edu.cn; highland@usgs.gov; Miyajima@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp; huabin@mail.hust.edu.cn; zkyycg@hotmail.com FU MEXT of Japan [18403003]; National Fundamental Research Program of China [NoF2008CB425801] FX The first author acknowledges financial support from MEXT of Japan (No. 18403003, representative: F. W. Wang) for the first two investigations in the disaster area caused by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. On 26 July to 3 August 2008, he made a third investigation with financial support from a scientific research fund for the Sudden-disaster investigation (Representative: K. Konagai) from MEXT of Japan. The financial support from National Fundamental Research Program of China (973 Program) (NoF2008CB425801) was appreciated. The authors deeply appreciated discussions with Prof. K. Konagai of University of Tokyo, Prof. S. Tsuchiya of Shizuoka University, Japan, and Prof. X.Y. Wu of Southwest Jiaotong University, China. The information from the local people who experienced the great disasters is extremely important for the report. Comments by Mauri McSaveney and Grant Dellow were deeply appreciated. NR 3 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s10346-009-0141-z PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 431ED UT WOS:000265043200005 ER PT J AU Heikkinen, PM Raisanen, ML Johnson, RH AF Heikkinen, P. M. Raeisaenen, M. L. Johnson, R. H. TI Geochemical Characterisation of Seepage and Drainage Water Quality from Two Sulphide Mine Tailings Impoundments: Acid Mine Drainage versus Neutral Mine Drainage SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Seepage waters; Drainage waters; Tailings; Sulphide mining; Heavy metals; As; Sulphate; Water quality; Environmental geochemistry; Geochemical modelling; Hitura; Luikonlahti; Finland AB Seepage water and drainage water geochemistry (pH, EC, O(2), redox, alkalinity, dissolved cations and trace metals, major anions, total element concentrations) were studied at two active sulphide mine tailings impoundments in Finland (the Hitura Ni mine and Luikonlahti Cu mine/talc processing plant). The data were used to assess the factors influencing tailings seepage quality and to identify constraints for water treatment. Changes in seepage water quality after equilibration with atmospheric conditions were evaluated based on geochemical modelling. At Luikonlahti, annual and seasonal changes were also studied. Seepage quality was largely influenced by the tailings mineralogy, and the serpentinerich, low sulphide Hitura tailings produced neutral mine drainage with high Ni. In contrast, drainage from the high sulphide, multi-metal tailings of Luikonlahti represented typical acid mine drainage with elevated contents of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Co. Other factors affecting the seepage quality included weathering of the tailings along the seepage flow path, process water input, local hydrological settings, and structural changes in the tailings impoundment. Geochemical modelling showed that pH increased and some heavy metals were adsorbed to Fe precipitates after net alkaline waters equilibrated with the atmosphere. In the net acidic waters, pH decreased and no adsorption occurred. A combination of aerobic and anaerobic treatments is proposed for Hitura seepages to decrease the sulphate and metal loading. For Luikonlahti, prolonged monitoring of the seepage quality is suggested instead of treatment, since the water quality is still adjusting to recent modifications to the tailings impoundment. C1 [Heikkinen, P. M.; Raeisaenen, M. L.] Geol Survey Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Johnson, R. H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Heikkinen, PM (reprint author), Geol Survey Finland, POB 1237, Kuopio 70211, Finland. EM paivi.heikkinen@gtk.fi FU Academy of Finland FX The authors thank Outokumpu Mining Oy and Mondo Minerals Oy for providing the opportunity to study the seepage water quality at the Hitura and Luikonlahti mines. Funding for the preparation of the manuscript was provided by the Academy of Finland and is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Dr Tommi Kauppila for his comments on the manuscript and Pekka Forsman for his assistance in modifying Fig. 1. We are also grateful to the numerous people that participated in the field work. The two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 62 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 30 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s10230-008-0056-2 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA V15FP UT WOS:000207788200004 ER PT J AU Pelz-Serrano, K Munguia-Vega, A Piaggio, AJ Neubaum, M Munclinger, P Partl, A Van Riper, C Culver, M AF Pelz-Serrano, Karla Munguia-Vega, Adrian Piaggio, Antoinette J. Neubaum, Melissa Munclinger, Pavel Partl, Adam Van Riper, Charles, III Culver, Melanie TI Development of nine new microsatellite loci for the American beaver, Castor canadensis (Rodentia: Castoridae), and cross-species amplification in the European beaver, Castor fiber SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE beaver; Castor canadensis; Castor fibre; cross-species amplification success; microsatellite ID STREAMS; TESTS; PONDS AB We developed nine new nuclear dinucleotide microsatellite loci for Castor canadensis. All loci were polymorphic, except for one. The number of alleles ranged from two to four and from five to 12 in populations from Arizona and Wisconsin, respectively. Average heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.86 per locus. Since cross-species amplification in Castor fiber was successful only in four loci, we tested also nine recently published C. canadensis loci in the Eurasian species. Eight of the published loci amplified; however, three were monomorphic. The number of alleles was lower in C. fiber than in C. canadensis at all loci tested. C1 [Pelz-Serrano, Karla; Munguia-Vega, Adrian; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Munclinger, Pavel; Partl, Adam] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, CR-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic. [Van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, USGS SBSC Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Neubaum, Melissa] Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Genet Lab, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Pelz-Serrano, K (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kpelzser@email.arizona.edu RI Munclinger, Pavel/H-4484-2011; Partl, Adam/A-7353-2013 OI Munclinger, Pavel/0000-0002-7849-7753; FU Tres Rios Wetlands, Phoenix Arizona; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic; MSMT [0021620828]; Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic [VaV/620/1/03, SP/2d4/52/07] FX We thank David Bergman and Dale Nolte for helping coordinate this project. This project was funded through the generous support of the Tres Rios Wetlands, Phoenix Arizona. We are grateful to Roger E Joos and Patrick Viehoever for field assistance and to Tony Dee, Judith Ramirez, and Angela Cora Varas for expert technical assistance. We also would like to thank Julia Figueroa for laboratory support. Pavel Munclinger and Adam Partl are supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic, MSMT grant 0021620828. The collection of European beaver samples was supported by grants of the Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic VaV/620/1/03 and SP/2d4/52/07. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02364.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 406ZJ UT WOS:000263333100018 PM 21564690 ER PT J AU Moyer, GR Remington, RK Turner, TF AF Moyer, G. R. Remington, R. K. Turner, T. F. TI Incongruent gene trees, complex evolutionary processes, and the phylogeny of a group of North American minnows (Hybognathus Agassiz 1855) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Data combinability; Empirical Bayes; Growth hormone intron; Historical hybridization; Mitochondrial DNA; Phylogenetic conflict; S7 ribosomal protein gene ID GRANDE SILVERY MINNOW; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DNA-SEQUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL; CYPRINIDAE; TELEOSTEI; INFERENCE; NUCLEAR; SUBSTITUTION; SYSTEMATICS AB Hybognathus is a putatively monophyletic group of North American minnows containing seven extant species. Although much is known about the taxonomy, biology, and life history of Hybognathus species, their phylogenetic relations with each other remain unclear. We address this problem with partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome-b, 16S rRNA, and ND4 mtDNA genes and nuclear growth hormone (GH) and S7 introns from representatives of all Hybognathus species and four outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic analyses of these data corroborated previous studies on the monophyly of seven recognized species of Hybognathus, and indicated weak support for monophyly of the genus. Topological tests, however, revealed significant (all P < 0.001) conflict among molecular data sets. Ad hoc removal of taxa, from topologies and subsequent testing indicated that incongruence was localized to two specific ingroup taxa (H. hayi and H. regius) and suggested that the conflict is a function of underlying processes that have generated the observed phylogenetic patterns. Hybridization (ancestral), which is commonplace in cyprinids, may best explain topological disagreements among datasets; however, retention of ancestral polymorphism and natural selection remain as alternative hypotheses. Our results highlight methodological and topological problems associated with estimating interspecific phylogenies from multiple genes. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moyer, G. R.; Turner, T. F.] 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Moyer, G. R.; Turner, T. F.] 1 Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Remington, R. K.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, 5308 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM Greg_Moyer@fws.edu FU A.M. Snyder in the Museum of Southwestern Biology (MSB); Division of Fishes; University of New Mexico; National Science Foundation [DEB-0133233]; MSB Division of Genomic Resources; New Mexico State [1896, 3015]; [TE001623-0]; [TE038055-0] FX Field support was provided by R.D. Larson (New Mexico Department of Game and Fish), S. Davenport (New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office of US Fish and Wildlife Service). Curatorial services were provided by A.M. Snyder in the Museum of Southwestern Biology (MSB), Division of Fishes, at the University of New Mexico. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB-0133233) to T.F. Turner. Opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. We thank W.H. Brandenburg, M.A. Benavides, R.E. Broughton, C.L. Cooper, J.E. Davis, M.A Farrington ' J.B. Johnson, T.L. Kennedy, L.E. Renfro, G.H. Rosenberg, and Pj_ Unmack for field and/or laboratory assistance, B. Kolaczkowski for performing empirical Bayes and mixed branch length model analyses, and B.H. Tracy, M. Hale, and K. Herring, M. Cashner, H. Bart, K.R. Piller, CW. Hoagstrom, T.E. Dowling and the MSB Division of Genomic Resources who provided tissue samples. Rio Grande silvery minnow were collected under Federal permit numbers TE001623-0 (S.P. Platania) and TE038055-0 (T.F. Turner), and New Mexico State permit numbers 1896 (S.P. Platania) and 3015 (T.F. Turner). NR 58 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 514 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.002 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 414RD UT WOS:000263882000009 PM 19041406 ER PT J AU Giardini, D Lindholm, C Pinho, R Stein, RS Stillwell, K Zschau, J AF Giardini, Domenico Lindholm, Conrad Pinho, Rui Stein, Ross S. Stillwell, Kate Zschau, Jochen CA Global Earthquake Model Founders TI Open access? Reply SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Giardini, Domenico] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lindholm, Conrad] NORSAR, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Pinho, Rui] EUCENTRE, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zschau, Jochen] German Geosci Res Ctr GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Giardini, D (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, H69-1,Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM d.giardini@sed.ethz.ch RI Giardini, Domenico/F-5406-2011; Lindholm, Conrad/I-1362-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 155 EP 155 DI 10.1038/ngeo466 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 420KY UT WOS:000264289900004 ER PT J AU Forsman, JT Martin, TE AF Forsman, Jukka T. Martin, Thomas E. TI Habitat selection for parasite-free space by hosts of parasitic cowbirds SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; PREDATION RISK; HETEROSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; NEST PREDATION; BROOD PARASITE; FOREST; BIRDS; RESPONSES; LANDSCAPE; CUES AB Choice of breeding habitat can have a major impact on fitness. Sensitivity of habitat choice to environmental cues predicting reproductive success, such as density of harmful enemy species, should be favored by natural selection. Yet, experimental tests of this idea are in short supply. Brown-headed cowbirds Molothrus ater commonly reduce reproductive success of a wide diversity of birds by parasitizing their nests. We used song playbacks to simulate high cowbird density and tested whether cowbird hosts avoid such areas in habitat selection. Host species that made settlement decisions during manipulations were significantly less abundant in the cowbird treatment as a group. In contrast, hosts that settled before manipulations started and non-host species did not respond to treatments. These results suggest that hosts of cowbirds can use vocal cues to assess parasitism risk among potential habitat patches and avoid high risk habitats. This can affect community structure by affecting habitat choices of species with differential vulnerability. C1 [Forsman, Jukka T.] Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Reseach Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Forsman, JT (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, POB 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. EM jukka.forsman@oulu.fi RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Forsman, Jukka/H-5345-2012 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; FU Academy of Finland [51330, 125720]; National Science Foundation [DEB-9707598, DEB-9981527] FX We thank J. Harris for help in the field, J. J. Tewksbury for valuable advice and D. Lockman from the US Forest Service for generous logistical aid. We thank J. Broggi, J. J. Fontaine, M. Monkkonen, J.-T. SeppAnen and R. L. Thomson for comments on the manuscript. Supported by the Academy of Finland (project no. 51330 and no. 125720 to JTF), National Science Foundation (DEB-9707598, DEB-9981527 to TEM) and Thanks to Scandinavia Inc. (to JTF). NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAR PY 2009 VL 118 IS 3 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.17000.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 415WK UT WOS:000263967000017 ER PT J AU Lansing, SW Cooper, SM Boydston, EE Holekamp, KE AF Lansing, Sarah W. Cooper, Susan M. Boydston, Erin E. Holekamp, Kay E. TI Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in Kenya: a modern behavioral ecological approach SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL KALAHARI DESERT; JUVENILE RANK RELATIONS; CARNIVORE TOOTH MARKS; KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; HYAENA-BRUNNEA; STRIPED HYENA; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; SOUTH-AFRICA; DENNING BEHAVIOR; PERCUSSION MARKS AB The significant impact of extant carnivores, particularly spotted hyenas, on the depositional history. and physical characteristics of archaeofaunal and paleontological assemblages is well recognized. We focus on the behavioral ecology of extant spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in relation to bone accumulations produced by one East African clan at communal dens. Limbs and skulls of prey animals more frequently appear at dens than do other carcass portions. These items reflect the relative abundance of prey species near dens; carnivore remains are poorly represented. Comparative analysis reveals that bones are deposited far more slowly (<7 carcass portions per month) and accumulations tend to be smaller at Crocuta dens than at dens of either brown (Parahyaena brunnea) or striped (Hyaena hyaena) hyenas. We propose that extant Crocuta bone accumulation rates and sizes are likely affected by prey species abundance, clan size, social interactions within the clan, and the type and availability of den sites. We also suggest that the potential for intraspecific behavioral variability in bone accumulation patterns is important when comparisons are made among spotted hyena Populations and across hyena species. For example, accumulation patterns may be dramatically influenced by the temporal span, potentially ranging from days to hundreds or thousands of years, in which bones are collected, depending on the species-specific history of occupation at a given site. Understanding the behavioral and ecological variability likely to influence bone accumulation patterns at dens used by different hyaenids will allow taphonomists and zooarchaeologists to refine their knowledge of mechanisms underlying site formation processes and potential causes of variability in deeper-time den assemblages. C1 [Lansing, Sarah W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cooper, Susan M.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. [Boydston, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Irvine, CA 92602 USA. [Holekamp, Kay E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lansing, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, POB 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Sarah.Lansing@asu.edu RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 FU National Science Foundation [BNS8706939, BNS9021461, IBN9309805, IBN9630667, IBN9906445, IOS0819437, IBN0113170] FX We thank the Office of the President of Kenya for permission to conduct this research. All work reported here was conducted in accordance with Kenyan law. We also thank the Kenya Wildlife Service, the Narok County Council, and the Senior Warden of the Masai Mara National Reserve for their cooperation. We thank N. E. Berry, S. M. Dloniak, M. Durham, A. L. Engh, J. Friedman, P. Garrett, I. Graham, K. Greene, I H. Harty, C. I. Katona, K. Nutt, G. Ording, L. Smale, M. Szykman, R. Van Horn, S. A. Wahaj, K. Weibel, and B. White for their assistance in the field. For help in data analysis or development of this manuscript, thanks are extended to J. L. Yee, C. Marean, B. Pobiner, K. Catlett, K. Theis, L. O'Brien, R. Van Horn, and W. Trouilloud. We are most grateful to A. K. Behrensmeyer and N. Cleghorn for their valuable comments Oil this manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants BNS8706939, BNS9021461, IBN9309805, IBN9630667 IBN9906445, IOS0819437, and IBN0113170. Use of trade names does not indicate federal government endorsement. NR 139 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0094-8373 EI 1938-5331 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD SPR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 289 EP 309 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 438PM UT WOS:000265567700007 ER PT J AU Hutko, AR Lay, T Revenaugh, J AF Hutko, Alexander R. Lay, Thorne Revenaugh, Justin TI Localized double-array stacking analysis of PcP: D '' and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE D ''; ULVZ; CMB; D '' Discontinuity; PcP; LLSVP ID CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; EARTHS LOWER MANTLE; P-WAVE; POST-PEROVSKITE; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SHEAR VELOCITY; LATERAL VARIATIONS; THERMAL STRUCTURE; LOWERMOST MANTLE; PHASE-TRANSITION AB A large, high quality P-wave data set comprising short-period and broadband signals sampling four separate regions in the lowermost mantle beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, the central Pacific, and the north Pacific is analyzed using regional one-dimensional double-array stacking and modelling with reflectivity synthetics. A data-screening criterion retains only events with stable PcP energy in the final data stacks used for modelling and interpretation. This significantly improves the signal stacks relative to including unscreened observations. allows confident alignment on the PcP arrival and allows tight bounds to be placed on P-wave velocity structure above the core-mantle boundary (CMB). The PcP reflections under the Cocos plate are well modelled without any ultra-low velocity zone from 5 to 20 degrees N. At latitudes from 15 to 20 degrees N, we find evidence for two P-wave velocity discontinuities in the D '' region. The first is similar to 182 km above the CMB with a delta In V-P of +1.5%, near the same depth as a weaker discontinuity (<+0.5%) observed from 5 to 15 degrees N in prior work. The other reflector is similar to 454 km above the CMB, with a delta In V-P of +0.4%: this appears to be a shallower continuation of the joint P- and S-wave discontinuity previously detected south of 15 degrees N, which is presumed to be the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition. The data stacks for paths bottoming below Mexico have PcP images that are well matched with the simple IASP91 structure, contradicting previous inferences of ULVZ presence in this region. These particular data are not very sensitive to any D '' discontinuities, and simply bound them to be = 2.5-yr-old lactating and dry cows from six free-ranging Rock), Mountain elk populations throughout the United States. Our goal was to quantify differential accrual of body fat (BF) reserves to determine whether the condition of dry and lactating cows Could be used to define relevant management thresholds of habitat quality (i.e., relative carrying capacity) and consequently potential performance of elk Populations. Levels of BF that lactating cows were able to accrue in autumn and the proportional difference in BF between dry and lactating cows ill autumn were related (F1-2,(10) >= 16.2, P < 0.001). Models indicated that elk experienced no negative effects of reproduction on condition when lactating cows were able to accrue >= 13.7% BF in autumn. When lactating cows are accruing <= 7.9% BF, elk are in a nutritionally stressed condition, which may be limiting population performance. Using the logistic model to predict relative proximity to ecological carrying capacity (E Q, our population-years ranged from 3-97% of ECC and proportion of the population lactating (an index of calf survival) was negatively related to proportion of ECC. Results indicate that the proportional difference in accrual of BF between lactating and dry cows can provide a sensitive index to where elk Populations reside relative to the quality of their range. C1 [Bender, Louis C.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Piasecke, Jessica R.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 62 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.2111/07-020.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422JL UT WOS:000264423800005 ER PT J AU Stromberg, JC Chew, MK Nagler, PL Glenn, EP AF Stromberg, Juliet C. Chew, Matthew K. Nagler, Pamela L. Glenn, Edward P. TI Changing Perceptions of Change: The Role of Scientists in Tamarix and River Management SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anti-exotic bias; invasive species; riparian restoration; scientific rigor ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; COTTONWOOD POPULUS-FREMONTII; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; RAMOSISSIMA STANDS; INVASION BIOLOGY; EDDY COVARIANCE; PUBLIC-POLICY AB Initially introduced to western United States to provide ecosystem services such as erosion control, Tamarix by the mid-1900s had became vilified as a profligate waster of water. This large shrub continues, today, to be indicted for various presumed environmental and economic costs, and millions of dollars are expended on its eradication. In this review, we examine the role of scientists in driving changes in perceptions of Tamarix from valuable import to vilified invader and (in some instances) back to a productive member of riparian plant communities. Scientists over the years have sustained a negative perception of Tamarix by, among other things, (1) citing outmoded sources; (2) inferring causation from correlative studies; (3) applying conclusions beyond the scope (domain) of the studies; and (4) emphasizing findings that present the species as an extreme or unnatural agent of change. Recent research is challenging the prevailing dogma regarding Tamarix's role in ecosystem function and habitat degradation and many scientists now recommend management shifts from "pest plant" eradication to systemic, process-based restoration. However, prejudice against this and other non-native species persists. To further close the gap between science and management, it is important for scientists to strive to (1) cite sources appropriately; (2) avoid reflexive antiexotic bias; (3) avoid war-based and pestilence-based terminology; (4) heed the levels of certainty and the environmental domain of studies; (5) maintain up-to-date information on educational Web sites; and (6) prior to undertaking restoration or management actions, conduct a thorough and critical review of the literature. C1 [Stromberg, Juliet C.; Chew, Matthew K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Stromberg, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jstrom@asu.edu NR 129 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00514.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 415CD UT WOS:000263911000002 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Gallagher, M Young, N Rohweder, JJ Knutson, MG AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Gallagher, Maureen Young, Neal Rohweder, Jason J. Knutson, Melinda G. TI Factors Associated with Succession of Abandoned Agricultural Lands along the Lower Missouri River, USA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flooding; mixed-effects models; wet prairie; wildlife habitat; young forest ID FLOW REGULATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; SEED BANKS; RIPARIAN; FLOODPLAIN; WATER; CONSEQUENCES; CONNECTIVITY; HYDROCHORY; ECOSYSTEMS AB The 1993 flood of the Missouri River led to the abandonment of agriculture on considerable land in the floodplain. This abandonment led to a restoration opportunity for the U.S. Federal Government, purchasing those lands being sold by farmers. Restoration of this floodplain is complicated, however, by an imperfect understanding of its past environmental and vegetative conditions. We examined environmental conditions associated with the current placement of young forests and wet prairies as a guide to the potential successional trajectory for abandoned agricultural land subject to flooding. We used Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression to examine the effects of flood frequency, soil drainage, distance from the main channel, and elevation on whether a site was in wet prairie or in forest. Study site was included as a random effect, controlling for site-specific differences not measured in our study. We found, after controlling for the effect of site, that early-successional forest sites were closer to the river and at a lower elevation but occurred on drier soils than wet prairie. In a regulated river such as the lower Missouri River, wet prairie sites are relatively isolated from the main channel compared to early-successional forest, despite occurring on relatively moister soils. The modeled results from this study may be used to predict the potential successional fate of the acquired agricultural lands, and along with information on wildlife assemblages associated with wet prairie and forest can be used to predict potential benefit of these acquisitions to wildlife conservation. C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Rohweder, Jason J.; Knutson, Melinda G.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Gallagher, Maureen; Young, Neal] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Big Muddy Natl Fish & Wil, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Gallagher, Maureen] NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Geol Geog, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryville, MO 64468 USA. [Young, Neal] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. [Knutson, Melinda G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Biol Monitoring Team 3&5, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Kansas City District; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Non-game bird program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Grant program; Upper Mississippi River/Great Lakes Joint Venture; Missouri Department of Conservation FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Kansas City District (with special thanks to K. Ryan and G. Covington); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Non-game bird program (with special thanks to S. Lewis); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Grant program (with special thanks to S. Kufrin); Upper Mississippi River/Great Lakes Joint Venture (with special thanks to B. Pardo); and Missouri Department of Conservation (with special thanks to K. Korthas, T. James, and J. Vogel). Technical assistance was provided by S. Acosta, T. Altnether, S. Cooksey, S. Counihan, A. Estes, J. Finley, J. Friedrich, A. Griffin, H. Lambert-Dougherty, J. Lee, S. Papon, T. Rogers, and P. Sullivan. M. Comstock provided project logistics. B. Ickes, W. Watkins, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful commentary on an early draft of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00344.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 415CD UT WOS:000263911000014 ER PT J AU Cerezo, A Robbins, CS Dowell, B AF Cerezo, Alexis Robbins, Chandler S. Dowell, Barbara TI Modified-habitat use by tropical forest-dependent birds in the Caribbean region of Guatemala SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA Spanish DT Article DE habitat use; birds; tropical forest; riparian forest; live fence; pasture; conservation importance ID COSTA-RICA; CONSERVATION; COUNTRYSIDE; PATTERNS; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; EXTINCTION; DIVERSITY; MEXICO AB As natural areas are reduced into isolated remnants. the importance Of secondary habitats for species conservation will increase. Consequently, the conservation value Of human-modified or created secondary habitats must be determined. In this study, WC evaluated the conservation potential of three habitats associated to cattle ranching (riparian forest, live fence. and pasture) for tropical forest birds in the Caribbean region of Guatemala, We Studied the bird communities of five tropical forest and riparian forest (henceforth river) sites, three live fence sites and four pasture sites, in five cattle ranches in the region, and compared the four habitats based oil the following parameters: species richness, number of individuals, species composition and an index of conservation importance. A 10-point series was sampled (six repetitions of each series) in each hahitat site using the point-count method, in march and april of 1998 and 1999. Although forest, river and live fence had similar mean species numbers, considering all species ( 111, 96 and 94 species, respectively), and river in live fence surpassed the forest in mean number of individuals (80 and 72 compared to 56 individuals), river and live fence had significantly fewer mean numbers of interior-forest resident species and individuals (56, 2 1 and 15 species, and 61, 19 and eight individuals in forest, river and live fence. respectively). River and live fence. when compared to forest, had no significant differences in the number of resident forest-edge species and individuals, but their edge-species composition was significantly, different front forest. Those resident edge species that were relatively abundant in forest had very low, abundances in the modified habitats, and those that were abundant in river and live fence were rare or absent in forest sites. With respect to migratory species, both river and live fence were very important, and file river was more important than forest, according to the conservation importance index. We conclude that these modified habitats have very little value for tropical forest-dependent resident species, but are extremely important for migratory species, particularly those of arboreal habits. We also stress that the conservation importance of alternative habitats should be based on species composition, as opposed to species richness and abundance, and defined as a function of species of particular conservation importance, in our locality, those dependent of tropical lowland forest. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 401-419. Epub 2009 June 30. C1 [Cerezo, Alexis] FUNDAECO, Guatemala City 0101, Guatemala. [Cerezo, Alexis] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Catedra Metodos Cuantitat Aplicados, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Robbins, Chandler S.; Dowell, Barbara] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Div Biol, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Cerezo, A (reprint author), FUNDAECO, 25 Calle 2-39,Zona 1, Guatemala City 0101, Guatemala. EM acerczo@agro.uba.ar; crobbins@usgs.gov; bdowell@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAR-JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 401 EP 419 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 472QZ UT WOS:000268148400036 PM 19637718 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE Fitzpatrick, FA AF Juracek, Kyle E. Fitzpatrick, Faith A. TI GEOMORPHIC APPLICATIONS OF STREAM-GAGE INFORMATION SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE channel change; disturbance; fluvial geomorphology; hydraulic geometry; sediment transport; stream gage ID DOWNSTREAM HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; F-M DIAGRAM; EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE; VERTICAL ACCRETION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; SEDIMENT; COLORADO; TRANSPORT AB In the United States, several thousand stream gages provide what typically is the only source of continuous, long-term streamflow and channel-geometry information for the locations being monitored. In this paper, the geomorphic content of stream-gage information, previous and potential applications of stream-gage information in fluvial geomorphic research and various possible limitations are described. Documented applications include studies of hydraulic geometry, channel bankfull characteristics, sediment transport and channel geomorphic response to various types of disturbance. Potential applications include studies to determine the geomorphic effectiveness of large floods and in-stream habitat change in response to disturbance. For certain applications, various spatial, temporal and data limitations may render the stream-gage information of limited use, however, such information often is of considerable value to enable or enhance geomorphic investigations. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Juracek, Kyle E.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Faith A.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 482 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kjuracek@usgs.gov NR 128 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 329 EP 347 DI 10.1002/rra.1163 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 417QL UT WOS:000264091100007 ER PT J AU Leiker, TJ Abney, SR Goodbred, SL Rosen, MR AF Leiker, Thomas J. Abney, Sonja R. Goodbred, Steven L. Rosen, Michael R. TI Identification of methyl triclosan and halogenated analogues in male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Las Vegas Bay and semipermeable membrane devices from Las Vegas Wash, Nevada SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Triclosan; Methyl triclosan; Common carp; SPMD; Antibacterial ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BACTERICIDE TRICLOSAN; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SURFACE WATERS; ACUTE TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; ETHERS; 2,8-DICHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Methyl triclosan and four halogenated analogues have been identified in extracts of individual whole-body male carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissue that were collected from Las Vegas Bay, Nevada, and Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMD) that were deployed in Las Vegas Wash, Nevada. Methyl triclosan is believed to be the microbially methylated product of the antibacterial agent triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-4-hydroxydiphenyl ether, Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number 3380-34-5, Irgasan DP300). The presence of methyl triclosan and four halogenated analogues was confirmed in SPMD extracts by comparing low- and high-resolution mass spectral data and Kovats retention indices of methyl triclosan with commercially obtained triclosan that was derivatized. to the methyl ether with ethereal diazomethane. The four halogenated analogues of methyl triclosan detected in both whole-body tissue and SPMD extracts were tentatively identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Methyl triclosan was detected in all 29 male common carp from Las Vegas Bay with a mean concentration of 596 mu g kg(-1) wet weight (ww) which is more than an order of magnitude higher than previously reported concentrations in the literature. The halogenated analogs were detected less frequently (21%-76%) and at much lower concentrations (<51 mu g kg(-1) ww). None of these compounds were detected in common carp from a Lake Mead reference site in Overton Arm, Nevada. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Leiker, Thomas J.; Abney, Sonja R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Goodbred, Steven L.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Rosen, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM mrosen@usgs.gov RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 NR 49 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 6 BP 2102 EP 2114 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.009 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 421KF UT WOS:000264357100030 PM 19054547 ER PT J AU Ponds, P AF Ponds, Phadrea TI Race, Space, and Riots in Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles SO SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ponds, Phadrea] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ponds, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Branch, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pondsp@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0362-3319 J9 SOC SCI J JI Soc. Sci. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 228 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.soscij.2008.12.019 PG 3 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 432WV UT WOS:000265165900021 ER PT J AU Pruett, AL Boal, CW Wallace, MC Whitlaw, HA Ray, JD AF Pruett, Alison L. Boal, Clint W. Wallace, Mark C. Whitlaw, Heather A. Ray, James D. TI ASSOCIATION OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS (CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS) WITH PLAYA LAKES AND A NEW APPROACH TO ESTIMATING SIZE OF POPULATIONS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We Studied 403 colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in a 28,927-km(2), 12-county area of tire southern High Plains, and we examined the distribution, area of colonies, size of populations, and association of these colonies with playa lakes. We used visual counts, and estimated size Of Populations based on modeling Of the proportion Of a population of prairie dogs above ground at the times of surveys. Colonies in the southern High Plains were small (median = 8.8 ha), with generally small populations (median = 68), and average densities of 14 +/- 22 prairie dogs/ha. Colonies were closer to playa takes than would be expected by chance (P < 0.001), with 40% of colonies built in the basin, slopes, or both, of playa lakes compared to only 3% of 1,000 random points. The association of prairie logs with playa lakes in tire heavily cultivated area Of the southern High Plains Suggests that playas are a major portion Of the habitat of black-tailed prairie dogs in the region. C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Ray, James D.] B&W Pantes LLC, Amarillo, TX 79120 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu RI Wallace, Mark/A-1263-2010; OI Ray, James/0000-0003-4558-4217 FU United States Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department,; Texas Tech University [01067X]; United States Department of Energy FX We thank B. Beall, L. Belmonte, L. Dennis, C. Haralson, N.Jauregui, T. Lyon, C. Taylor, A. Teaschner, L. Van Heuklon, and R. Ward who spent many hours and days counting prairie dogs. We appreciate constructive reviews of the manuscript by J. Cully, T. Estabrook, A. Tyre, and two anonymous reviewers. We thank J. Diaz for providing the resumen. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names, or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or the United States Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, or B&W Pantex. This project was supported by the United States Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Texas Tech University, and the United States Department of Energy-National Nuclear Security Administration in cooperation with B&W Pantex, LLC, and conducted under Texas Tech University Animal Care and Use Protocol 01067X. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1894/PS-50.1 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422MF UT WOS:000264431700003 ER PT J AU Williford, DL Woodin, MC Skoruppa, MK Hickman, GC AF Williford, Damon L. Woodin, Marc C. Skoruppa, Mary Kay Hickman, Graham C. TI RODENTS NEW TO THE DIET OF THE WESTERN BURROWING OWL (ATHENE CUNICULARIA HYPUGAEA) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN PYGMY MOUSE; NOTEWORTHY RECORDS; OKLAHOMA MAMMALS; BAIOMYS-TAYLORI; TEXAS; ECOLOGY; EXTENSION; COUNTY; RANGE AB The northern pygmy mouse (Baiomys taylori), fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens), and Merriam's pocket mouse (Perognathus merriami) are new to the diet of the western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea). All three species were identified front remains, in regurgitated pellets collected from roost. sites of burrowing owls in southern Texas over it period of 4 winters. Together, northern pygmy mice and fulvous harvest mice represented 58% of mammals identified in 182 pellets regurgitated by western burrowing owls. Merriam's pocket mouse accounted for only 4% of identified mammalian prey. Frequency of occurrence in pellets was 16% for northern pygmy mice, 11% for fulvous harvest mice, and 3% for Merriam's pocket. mice. The primary reason for absence of these species in Previous studies of foods of western borrowing owls is that, most were conducted in latitudes north of these southern-distributed species of mammals. C1 [Williford, Damon L.; Hickman, Graham C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Woodin, Marc C.; Skoruppa, Mary Kay] US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Williford, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM rook137@gmail.com NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1894/MH-28.1 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422MF UT WOS:000264431700013 ER PT J AU Strakosh, TR Gido, KB Guy, CS AF Strakosh, Timothy R. Gido, Keith B. Guy, Christopher S. TI Effects of American Water Willow Establishment on Density, Growth, Diet, and Condition of Age-0 Largemouth Bass in Kansas Reservoirs SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MACROPHYTE JUSTICIA-AMERICANA; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; 1ST-YEAR GROWTH; SIZE; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; FISH; POPULATIONS; LAKE; VARIABILITY AB Many Kansas reservoirs are currently experiencing decreased sport fish production as a result of the typical aging processes that occur in impounded systems. American water willow Justicia americana was planted in three Kansas reservoirs (>1,800 ha) for littoral zone habitat enhancement to mitigate sport fish losses and increase the recruitment of age-0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. We investigated whether the density, growth, condition, and diet of age-0 largemouth bass in coves with water willow differed from coves without water willow in these reservoirs. Samples of largemouth bass were collected from 2001 to 2004 in June, July, and August. We found a consistent pattern among reservoirs and sample years; coves with water willow had significantly greater densities of age-0 largemouth bass than control coves, but no significant differences were found in growth, condition, or diet. Water willow beds appeared to buffer wave action, trapping fine sediments and floating debris, which significantly increased the overall habitat complexity. The additional organic material may have augmented littoral productivity, supporting the higher densities without physiologically hindering the age-0 largemouth bass. Overall, our study suggests that water willow establishment is an effective means of enhancing littoral nursery habitat for age-0 largemouth bass. C1 [Strakosh, Timothy R.; Gido, Keith B.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Gido, KB (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 232 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kgido@ksu.edu RI Gido, Keith/B-5151-2013 FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University; U. S. Geological Survey; The Wildlife Management Institute; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act FX We thank D. E. Johnson for statistical consultation. C. D. Bever, D. Spalsbury, L. Jirak, C. Johnson, and R. Marteney contributed guidance and facilities. C. P. Paukert, B. K. Sandercock, W. K. Dodds, D. R. DeVries, P. W. Bettoli, T. Mosher, D. D. Nygren, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. Funding and Support was provided by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, U. S. Geological Survey, The Wildlife Management Institute, and Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 138 IS 2 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1577/T08-186.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EI UT WOS:000268501000004 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Edwards, GW Perry, K AF Zimmerman, Christian E. Edwards, George W. Perry, Kathleen TI Maternal Origin and Migratory History of Steelhead and Rainbow Trout Captured in Rivers of the Central Valley, California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; SYMPATRIC RESIDENT; PROGENY; DISTINGUISH; CHEMISTRY; RATIOS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION AB Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) in the Central Valley of California were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1998. Unfortunately, little is known about the distribution of steelhead in the tributaries of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in the Central Valley or the relationship between sympatric anadromous and nonanadromous life history types. We used analysis of otolith strontium : calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios to determine maternal origin (anadromous versus nonanadromous) and migratory history (anadromous versus nonanadromous) of rainbow trout collected in Central Valley rivers between 2001 and 2007. Of the 964 otoliths examined, 224 were determined to be front the progeny of steelhead females and 740 from the progeny of nonanadromous rainbow trout females. Progeny of steelhead maternal origin were present at all of the sites sampled, but the proportion varied among sites (0.04-0.74). Based on transects of otolith Sr:Ca ratios. only five fish were confirmed to be adult steelhead. This is a conservative estimate of the distribution of adult steelhead since, due to conservation concerns, our sampling only collected a limited number of adults. The remaining 214 fish older than age 4 were not anadromous, and 16 of them were determined to be the progeny of steelhead females. Overall, these results refine our understanding of the distribution of steelhead in Central Valley rivers and confirm reports of steelhead occurrence in those rivers. C1 [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Edwards, George W.; Perry, Kathleen] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 138 IS 2 BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1577/T08-044.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EI UT WOS:000268501000005 ER PT J AU Markle, DF Reithel, SA Crandall, J Wood, T Tyler, TJ Terwilliger, M Simon, DC AF Markle, Douglas F. Reithel, Susan A. Crandall, John Wood, Tammy Tyler, Torrey J. Terwilliger, Mark Simon, David C. TI Larval Fish Transport and Retention and the Importance of Location for Juvenile Fish Recruitment in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ICHTHYOPLANKTON MORTALITY-RATES; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; SHORT-TERM MORTALITY; LOST RIVER SUCKERS; REEF FISH; SHORTNOSE SUCKERS; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; ABUNDANCE; HABITATS; CATOSTOMIDAE AB In the Upper Klamath Lake basin of Oregon, we applied the member-vagrant hypothesis to larval lake fishes, documented marsh and hydrographic retention for larval shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris and Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus, and examined the effect of larval retention on the shoreline abundance of the juveniles of five species of fish in August. Emigration of larval suckers was highest from natal rivers, and immigration was highest in nonnatal areas downstream of the lake. Lake retention was facilitated by a wind-generated gyre and advection by an eastern boundary current. Marshes and other shoreline irregularities acted as traps that slowed river and eastern boundary current advection and retained larvae, especially for shortnose suckers, for up to 3 weeks. The interaction of behavior, seasonal spawning, and seasonal system dynamics appears to drive retention patterns. For both species of suckers and three minnow species (fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. blue chub Gila coerulea, and tui chub G. bicolor), the abundance of juveniles along the shoreline increased with distance from the lake outlet and was weakly related to lake elevation, a surrogate for available habitat. For these five species, 45.5% of the variation in August juvenile abundance was determined by distance from the lake outlet. This work suggests that the nonbehavioral component of freshwater retention is complex and depends on hydrographic features, the boundary conditions of hydrographic features. and shoreline habitat. C1 [Markle, Douglas F.; Reithel, Susan A.; Terwilliger, Mark; Simon, David C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Crandall, John] Nat Conservancy Oregon, Klamath Falls, OR USA. [Wood, Tammy] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. [Tyler, Torrey J.] US Bur Reclamat, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. RP Markle, DF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM douglas.markle@oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon State University (OSU) Agricultural Experiment Station. [TE 006333-10]; U.S. Geological Survey [TE 007907-4]; Nature Conservancy [TE 041204-0]; OSU institutional animal care and use permit [LAR-2162] FX Financial support was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Klamath Project), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS: cooperative agreement 11450-I-J514 with the Nature Conservancy), and the Oregon State University (OSU) Agricultural Experiment Station. Specimen collections were authorized under USFWS scientific taking permits TE 006333-10 (OSU), TE 007907-4 (U.S. Geological Survey), TE 041204-0 (the Nature Conservancy), and OSU institutional animal care and use permit LAR-2162. Field assistance was provided by J. Van Noord, K. Crowley, A. Hill, and C. Stevens L. Dunsmoor, H. Li, J. Power, and R. Shively provided helpful comments on an early draft. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 138 IS 2 BP 328 EP 347 DI 10.1577/T07-274.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EI UT WOS:000268501000009 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Kock, TJ Haskell, CA Connor, WP Steinhorst, RK AF Tiffan, Kenneth F. Kock, Tobias J. Haskell, Craig A. Connor, William P. Steinhorst, R. Kirk TI Water Velocity, Turbulence, and Migration Rate of Subyearling Fall Chinook Salmon in the Free-Flowing and Impounded Snake River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; STEELHEAD TROUT; BEHAVIOR; SALAR; FISH; DAMS; TEMPERATURE AB We studied the migratory behavior of subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in free-flowing and impounded reaches of the Snake River to evaluate the hypothesis that velocity and turbulence are the primary causal mechanisms of downstream migration. The hypothesis states that impoundment reduces velocity and turbulence and alters the migratory behavior of juvenile Chinook salmon as a result of their reduced perception of these cues. At a constant flow (m(3)/s), both velocity (km/d) and turbulence (the SD of velocity) decreased from riverine to impounded habitat as cross-sectional areas increased. We found evidence for the hypothesis that subyearling Chinook salmon perceive velocity and turbulence cues and respond to these cues by varying their behavior. The percentage of the subyearlings that moved faster than the average current speed decreased as fish made the transition from riverine reaches with high velocities and turbulence to upper reservoir reaches with low velocities and turbulence but increased to riverine levels again as the fish moved further down in the reservoir, where velocity and turbulence remained low. The migration rate (km/d) decreased in accordance with longitudinal reductions in velocity and turbulence, as predicted by the hypothesis. The variation in migration rate was better explained by a repeated-measures regression model containing velocity (Akaike's information criterion = 1,769.0) than a model containing flow (2,232.6). We conclude that subyearling fall Chinook salmon respond to changes in water velocity and turbulence, which work together to affect the migration rate. C1 [Tiffan, Kenneth F.; Kock, Tobias J.; Haskell, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Connor, William P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. [Steinhorst, R. Kirk] Univ Idaho, Div Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Bonneville Power Administration and administered FX We thank our colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey's Columbia River Research Laboratory and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Idaho Fisheries Resource Office, whose efforts contributed to the success of this study. We acknowledge the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing assistance at the Lower Granite Dam juvenile fish facility. Reviews by Dennis Rondorf, Bill Muir, and three anonymous peer reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and administered by Debbie Docherty. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 138 IS 2 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1577/T08-051.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EI UT WOS:000268501000012 ER PT J AU Hecht, A Melvin, SM AF Hecht, Anne Melvin, Scott M. TI Population Trends of Atlantic Coast Piping Plovers, 1986-2006 SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Piping Plover; Charadrius melodus; endangered species; census; shorebird; conservation demographics population; Atlantic Coast ID PREDATOR EXCLOSURES; CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; VIABILITY; NESTS AB The Atlantic Coast population of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) has been the focus of range wide monitoring and recovery efforts since it was listed as Threatened in 1986 pursuant to the US Endangered Species Act Breeding pairs in the U S and Eastern Canada were censused annually from 1986 through 2006 and productivity (chicks fledged per breeding pair) was reported annually for varying proportions of the population Census totals more than doubled from 790 pairs in 1986 to 1749 pairs in 2006 concomitant with sustained intensive management Population growth was greatest and most rapid in the Ness England and New York New Jersey recovery units while increases were more modest in the Southern and Eastern Canada units Periodic rapid declines in the Southern and Eastern Canada units raise concerns about long term risks of extirpation The Atlantic Coast population became less evenly distributed between 1989 and 2006 with the percentage of the population breeding in New England increasing from 21 5% to 36 2% while declining proportionately in the other three recovery units Overall productivity for the Atlantic Coast population 1989 2006 was 1 35 chicks fledged per pair (annual range = 1 16-1 54) and overall productivity within recovery units decreased with decreasing latitude Eastern Canada = 1 61 New England = 1 44 New York New Jersey = 118 and Southern = 119 Within recovery units annual productivity was variable and showed no sustained trends There were significant positive relationships between productivity and population growth in the subsequent year for each of the three U S recovery units but not for Eastern Canada There was a latitudinal trend in predictions of annual productivity needed to support stationary populations (lambda = 1 0) within recovery units increasing from 0 93 chicks fledged per pair in the Southern unit to 1 44 in Eastern Canada These results are consistent with the hypothesis that survival rates of Atlantic Coast Piping Plovers decline with increasing latitude of breeding sites and suggest that modified productivity objectives that are specific to individual recovery units may be appropriate Received 11 October 2007 accepted 11 September 2008 C1 [Melvin, Scott M.] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. [Hecht, Anne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. RP Melvin, SM (reprint author), Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Rte 135, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1675/063.032.0107 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TK UT WOS:000284497900007 ER PT J AU Moon, JA Haukos, DA AF Moon, Jena A. Haukos, David A. TI Factors Affecting Body Condition of Northern Pintails Wintering in the Playa Lakes Region SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta body condition; Northern Pintail; Playa Lakes Region ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; MOIST-SOIL MANAGEMENT; CONDITION INDEXES; NONBREEDING SEASON; AMERICAN WIGEON; MALLARDS; WETLANDS; TEXAS; POPULATION; ECOLOGY AB We assessed the effects of capture period capture subregion age sex and habitat conditions on the body condition of migrating and wintering Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in the Playa Lakes Region (PLR) of northwestern Texas Body condition varied with sex age subregion and month during the wet 2002 Dining 2002 after hatch year (Arm males had more carcass fat (g and percent) than did AHY females Likewise AHY males had 34% more carcass fat (g) than hatch year (HY) males but we did not detect differences between AHY and HY females The average increase in carcass fat (g) from October to November December during wet 2002 was 26% for males and 42 to 93% (HY) for females Body condition of pintails in the south exceeded those captured in not them subregions of the PLR during wet 2002 but not dry 2003 Southern caught AHY males had 31% more carcass fat (g) than northern caught AHY males but we found no differences for HY males Females caught in southern subregions also had 24-77% more carcass fat (g) than northern captured females During dry 2003 pint ill carcass fat (g and %) did not vary by capture location or among age and sex classes except for males which increased carcass fat by 34% between capture periods From our findings we recommend that managers periodically assess pintail body condition to detect temporal trends of condition status and measure population response to concentration efforts However use of body condition measures to evaluate habitat management and conservation effort is must be evaluated in the context of habitat conditions sample locations period of sample collection and age and sex classes Reef-wed 3 January 2008 accepted 11 September 2008 C1 [Moon, Jena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sabine Pass, TX 77655 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Moon, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sabine Pass, TX 77655 USA. FU Texas Tech University; U S Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 Migratory Bird Office; U S Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Plava Lakes Joint Venture [02256-07] FX We thank Texas Tech University the U S Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 Migratory Bird Office the U S Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and Plava Lakes Joint Venture for funding We thank Texas Tech University Animal Use and Welfare Committee (02256-07) United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for assistance with permitting R Cox W Johnson B Davis L Gustafson D Casida J Smith J Bredy P Thorpe and F Roetker provided field assistance L Nymeyer provided field technicians vehicles and access to trapping subregions G Flinor J Heath J Jones B Jones M Been M Montene C Sargent A McNeil and J Stevens provided access to private lands for trapping We thank L Smith R Cox B McGee M Sternberg J Fleskes G Ritchison and anonymous referees for reviews of previous drafts This is paper T9 1162 of the College of Agricultural Resources and Natural Resources Texas Tech University NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1675/063.032.0110 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TK UT WOS:000284497900010 ER PT J AU McWethy, DB Austin, JE AF McWethy, David B. Austin, Jane E. TI Nesting Ecology of Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in Riparian and Palustrine Wetlands of Eastern Idaho SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE breeding ecology; Grus canadensis tabida; Sandhill Crane; Idaho land management ID YELLOWSTONE; SUCCESS AB Little information exists on breeding Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian wetlands of the Intermountain West We examined the nesting ecology of Sandhill Cranes associated with riparian and palustrine wetlands in the Henry s Fork Watershed in eastern Idaho in 2003 We located 36 active crane nests 19 in riparian wetlands and 17 in palustrine wetlands Nesting sites were dominated by rushes (funcus spp) sedges (Carex spp) Broad leaved Cattail (Iypha latifolia) and willow (Sahxspp) and adjacent foraging areas were primarily composed of sagebrush (Artemiszaspp) cinquefoil (Potentillaspp) Rabbitbrush (Ericameria bloomeri) bunch grasses upland forbs Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and cottonwood (Populus spp) Mean v ater depth surrounding nests was 23 cm (SD = 22) A majority of nests (61%) were surrounded by vegetation between 30-60 cm 23% by vegetation <30 cm and 16% by vegetation >60 cm in height We were able to determine the fate of 29 nests of which 20 were successful (69%) Daily nest survival was 0 986 (95% LCI 0 963 UCI 0 995) equivalent to a Mayfield nest success of 0 654 (95% LCI 0 324 UCI 0 851) Model selection favored models with the covariates vegetation type vegetation height and water depth Nest survival Increased with Increasing water depth surrounding nest sites Mean water depth was higher around successful nests (10 cm SD = 21) than unsuccessful nests (15 cm SD 22) Further research is needed to evaluate the relative contribution of cranes nesting in palustrine and riparian wet lands distributed widely across the Intermountain West Received 14 November 2007 accepted 3 July 2008 C1 [McWethy, David B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Austin, Jane E.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP McWethy, DB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 FU Teton Regional Land Trust; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Station Jamestown North Dakota FX This research was funded by the Teton Regional Land Trust Driggs Idaho and supported by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Station Jamestown North Dakota The Teton Regional Land Trust provided field data and logistical support and facilitated land owner access Thanks to Mike Whitfield Jeff Klaus mann Rob Cavallaro Dennis Aslett Susan Patla Lee Raynaud Ed Schauster and David and Susie Work who helped identify nesting sites and assisted in searches Special thanks to Adonia Henry for training in nest card data collection and monitoring crane nest success in the Island Park Area The manuscript benefited by corn menu from Gary Ivey Susan Patla Jim Petty Jay Rotella and Mark Sherfy NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1675/063.032.0112 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TK UT WOS:000284497900012 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Petersen, MR AF Pearce, John M. Petersen, Margaret R. TI Post-fledging Movements of Juvenile Common Mergansers (Mergus merganser) in Alaska as Inferred by Satellite Telemetry SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Common Merganser; juvenile dispersal; molt migration; population structure; satellite telemetry; sea duck ID SPECTACLED EIDERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLTING LOCATIONS; BLACK BRANT; AT-SEA; MIGRATION; SURVIVAL; DUCKS; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; PATTERNS AB We implanted satellite transmitters into eight juvenile Common Mergansers to investigate post fledging movements from their natal river in southcentral Alaska Subsequently they moved widely throughout poitions of western and southcentral Alaska up to 750 km from their natal areas during fall and winter months Iiinsmittei s of two birds (one male and one female) continued to send location datiinto their second}eat and allowed us to determine the location and timing of the flightless molt period for each bud ye, all out data suggest that juveneile Common Mergansers range widely immediately after fledging that second year males and females may) differ in then movement patterns and that these movements have implications for population genetic structure of this species cies Received 2 April 2008 accepted 6 July 2008 C1 [Pearce, John M.; Petersen, Margaret R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. FU U S Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center; American Sea Duck Joint Venture; Department of Biology and Wildlife at the University of Alaska Fairbanks; Kachemak Bay Research Reserve FX We thank D M Mulcahy (DVM) and E Layne (DVM) for surgical expertise and J Reed and J Schamber for assistance with captures This research was supported by the U S Geological Survey Alaska Science Center the North American Sea Duck Joint Venture the Department of Biology and Wildlife at the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve J Hupp D Ruthrauff D Zwiefelhofer D Derksen and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on this manuscript Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U S Government NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 13 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1675/063.032.0116 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TK UT WOS:000284497900016 ER PT J AU Andrei, AE Smith, LM Haukos, DA Surles, JG Johnson, WP AF Andrei, Adrian E. Smith, L. M. Haukos, D. A. Surles, J. G. Johnson, W. P. TI Foraging Ecology of Migrant Shorebirds in Saline Lakes of the Southern Great Plains SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Avocet invertebrates; Least Sandpiper; Lesser Yellowlegs migration stopovers; Ogallala aquifer saline lakes; shorebirds; Southern Great Plains; Wilson s Phalarope ID AVAILABILITY; HABITAT; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; FOODS AB Tens of thousands of shorebirds use saline lakes as migratory stopovers in the Southern Great Plains USA To assess their foraging strategies and understand how they replenish energy reserves during spring and sum mer/fall migrations we examined diets prey taxa selection and prey size selection of American Avocets (Recurvi rostra americana) Least Sandpipers (Calidris minutilla) Wilson s Phalatopes (Phalaropus tricolor) and Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) Migrant shorebirds foraged opportunistically by taking most prey taxa according to their availability Least Sandpipers preferred small prey (2 5 mm) whereas American Avoet Wilson s Phalaropes and Lesser Yellowlegs generally preferred intermediate and large prey (6-20 mm) By consuming prey taxa according to their availability and prey sizes that require minimum energy to capture and Ingest shorebirds increase their ability to replenish energy reserves while migrating through intet lot North America Drought and drying of fresh water springs will reduce availability of prey in saline lakes for migrating shorebirds To preserve the saline lakes as Important habitats where shorebirds replenish nutrient reserves while migrating through the Great Plains it is important to conserve groundwater so that freshwater springs continue to discharge into the lakes Received 30 January 2008 accepted 2 September 2008 C1 [Haukos, D. A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Smith, L. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Surles, J. G.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Johnson, W. P.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. RP Andrei, AE (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, FH 120, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. FU U S Fish and Wildlife Service; Playa Lakes Joint Venture; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Caesar Kleberg Foundation for Wildlife Conservation FX Research was funded in part by the U S Fish and Wildlife Service Playa Lakes Joint Venture and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department L M Smith was supported by the Caesar Kleberg Foundation for Wildlife Conservation We thank S McMurry for comments on the manuscript We thank the landowners for access sa line lakes I Wennihan E Black and A Andrei sorted invertebrates NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.1675/063.032.0117 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TK UT WOS:000284497900017 ER PT J AU Sweet, DE Compton, RI Hubert, WA AF Sweet, Diana E. Compton, Robert I. Hubert, Wayne A. TI AGE AND GROWTH OF BLUEHEAD SUCKERS AND FLANNELMOUTH SUCKERS IN HEADWATER TRIBUTARIES, WYOMING SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE bluehead sucker; flannelmouth sucker; catostomid; population dynamics; age; growth; fin rays ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; NATIVE FISHES; NORTH-AMERICA; FIN RAYS; CATOSTOMIDS; VALIDATION; CYPRINIDS; OTOLITHS AB Bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus) and flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) populations are declining throughout these spcies native ranges in the Upper Colorado River Basin. In order to conserve these populations, an understanding of population dynamics is needed. Using age estimates from pectoral fin rays, we describe age and growth of these 2 species in 3 Wyoming stream systems: Muddy Creek, the Little Sandy River, and the Big Sandy River, Within all 3 stream systems, flannelmouth suckers were longer-lived than bluehead suckers, with maximum estimated ages of 16 years in Muddy Creek, 18 years in Little Sandy Creek, and 26 years in the Big Sandy River. Bluehead suckers had maximum estimated ages of 8 years in Muddy Creek, 10 years in Little Sandy Creek, and 18 years in the Big Sandy River. These maximum estimated ages were substantially greater than in other systems where scales have been used to estimate ages. Mean lengths at estimated ages were greater for flannelmouth suckers than for bluehead suckers in all 3 streams and generally, less than values published from other systems where scales were used to estimate ages. Our observations of long life spans and slow growth rates among bluehead suckers and flannelmouth suckers were probably associated with our use of fin rays to estimate ages as well as the populations being in headwater tributaries near the northern edges of these species' ranges. C1 [Sweet, Diana E.; Compton, Robert I.; Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2009 VL 69 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.3398/064.069.0113 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 443JX UT WOS:000265907100004 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA Sinith, GJ AF Middleton, Beth A. Sinith, Gregory J. TI FOREWORD: HURRICANES AND THE COAST OF THE GULF OF MEXICO SO WETLANDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Middleton, Beth A.; Sinith, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500001 ER PT J AU Mckee, KL Cherry, JA AF McKee, Karen L. Cherry, Julia A. TI HURRICANE KATRINA SEDIMENT SLOWED ELEVATION LOSS IN SUBSIDING BRACKISH MARSHES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE accretion; coastal; elevation change; organic matter; Schoenoplectus; sea-level rise; Spartina; storm; subsidence; wetland loss ID RISING SEA-LEVEL; GULF-COAST MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; PLANT COMMUNITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALT-MARSH; LOUISIANA; SUBMERGENCE; DEPOSITION; VEGETATION AB Although hurricanes call damage or destroy coastal wetlands. they may play a beneficial role in reinvigorating marshes by delivering sediments that raise soil elevations and stimulate organic matter production. Hurricane Katrina altered elevation dynamics of two subsiding brackish marshes in the Mississippi River deltaic plain by adding I to 8 cm of sediment to the soil surface in August 2005. Soil elevations at both Sites subsequently declined due to continued Subsidence, but net elevation gain was Still positive at both Pearl River (+1.7 cm) and Big Branch (+0.7 cm) marshes two years after the hurricane. At Big Branch where storm sediments had higher organic matter and water contents, post-storm elevation loss was more rapid Clue to initial compaction of the storm Liver in combination with root-zone collapse. In contrast, elevation loss was slower at Pearl River where file storm deposit (high sand content) did not compact and the root zone did not collapse. Vegetation Lit both Sites fully recovered within one year, and accumulation of root matter at Big Branch increased 10-fold from 2005 to 2006, suggesting that the hurricane stimulated belowground productivity. Results of this Study imply that hurricane sediment may benefit subsiding marshes by slowing elevation loss. However, long-term effects of hurricane sediment oil elevation dynamics will depend not only oil the amount of sediment deposited. but Oil sediment texture and resistance to compaction as well as on changes in organic matter accumulation in the Wars following the hurricane. C1 [McKee, Karen L.] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Cherry, Julia A.] Univ Alabama, Dept New Coll, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Cherry, Julia A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Mckee, KL (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM karen_kckee@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 35 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 2 EP 15 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500002 ER PT J AU Whelan, KRT Smith, TJ Anderson, GH Ouellette, ML AF Whelan, Kevin R. T. Smith, Thomas J., III Anderson, Gordon H. Ouellette, Michelle L. TI HURRICANE WILMA'S IMPACT ON OVERALL SOIL ELEVATION AND ZONES WITHIN THE SOIL PROFILE IN A MANGROVE FOREST SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE contraction; expansion; Florida; peat; soil swell; subsidence; wetland ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; WETLAND SEDIMENT ELEVATION; SURFACE ELEVATION; FLORIDA; STORM; ISLANDS; EROSION; GROWTH; TABLE; RISE AB Soil elevation affects tidal inundation period, inundation frequency, and overall hydroperiod, all of which are important ecological factors affecting species recruitment composition, and survival in wetlands. Hurricanes can dramatically affect a site's soil elevation. We assessed the impact of Hurricane Wilma (2005) on soil elevation at a mangrove forest location along the Shark River in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Using multiple depth surface elevation tables (SETs) and marker horizons we measured soil accretion, erosion, and soil elevation. We partitioned the effect of Hurricane Wilma's storm deposit into four constituent soil zones: surface accretion) zone, shallow zone (0-0.35 m). middle zone (0.35-4 m), and deep zone (4-6 m). We report expansion and contraction of each soil zone. Hurricane Wilma deposited 37.0 (+/- 3.0 SE) mm of material: however, the absolute soil elevation change was + 42.8 mm due to expansion in the shallow soil zone. One year post-hurricane, the soil profile had lost 10.0 mm in soil elevation, with 8.5 mm of the loss due to erosion. The remaining soil elevation loss was due to compaction from shallow subsidence. We found prolific growth of new fine rootlets (209 +/- 34 SE g m(-2)) in the storm deposited material suggesting that deposits may become more stable in the near future (i.e., erosion rate will decrease). Surficial erosion and belowground processes both played an important role ill determining the overall soil elevation. Expansion and contraction ill the shallow soil zone may be due to hydrology. and in the middle and bottom soil zones due 10 shallow subsidence. Findings thus far indicate that soil elevation has made substantial gains compared to site specific relative sea-level rise, but data trends suggest that below-round processes, which differ by soil zone. may come to dominate the long term ecological impact of storm deposit. C1 [Whelan, Kevin R. T.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Miami, FL 33157 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Anderson, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Ouellette, Michelle L.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Whelan, KRT (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, 18001 Old Cutler Rd,Suite 419, Miami, FL 33157 USA. EM Kevin_R_Whelan@nps.gov FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); Biological Resources Discipline; United States Department of Interior's Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative; Terrestrial; USGS; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [IA W912EP-03] FX This work was supported by the Global Climate Change Program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Biological Resources Discipline and the United States Department of Interior's Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative administered by Ever-glades National Park Under Interagency agreement #IA5280-7-9023. Additional support came from Hurricane Katrina Congressional Budget Supplemental Appropriation #2 to the USGS. Additional funding was provided by the Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program of the USGS and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (IA # W912EP-03). Sampling occurred under Everglades National Park permit EVER-2005-SCI-0054 and EVER-2007-SCI-0090. Field assistance from K. Balentine and G. Tiling and manuscript editing by C. A. Ugarte and two anonymous reviewers IS gratefully appreciated. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500003 ER PT J AU Smith, TJ Anderson, GH Balentine, K Tiling, G Ward, GA Whelan, KRT AF Smith, Thomas J., III Anderson, Gordon H. Balentine, Karen Tiling, Ginger Ward, Greg A. Whelan, Kevin R. T. TI CUMULATIVE IMPACTS OF HURRICANES ON FLORIDA MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS: SEDIMENT DEPOSITION, STORM SURGES AND VEGETATION SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE basal area; ecosystem change; Hurricane Andrew; Hurricane Donna; Hurricane Wilma; Labor Day Storm; mortality; persistence; stability; steady state ID BAY; FOREST; REANALYSIS; EVERGLADES; RECOVERY; SEASON; DAMAGE; LEVEL; STATE; MODEL AB Hurricanes have shaped the structure of mangrove forests ill the Everglades via wind damage, storm Surges and sediment deposition. Immediate effects include changes to stern size-frequency distributions and to species relative abundance and density. Long-term impacts to mangroves are poorly Understood at present. We examine impacts of Hurricane Wilma oil mangroves and compare the results to findings from three previous storms (Labor Day, Donna, Andrew). Surges during Wilma destroyed 1,250 ha of mangroves and set back recovery that started following Andrew. Data from permanent plots affected by Andrew and Wilma showed no differences among species or between hurricanes for % stern mortality or % basal area lost. Hurricane damage was related to hydro-geomorphic type of forest. Basin mangroves suffered significantly more damage than riverine or island mangroves. The hurricane by forest type interaction was highly significant. Andrew did slightly more damage to island mangroves. Wilma did significantly more damage to basin forests. This is most likely a result of the larger and more spatially extensive storm surge produced by Wilma. Forest damage was not related to amount. of sediment deposited. Analyses of reports from Donna and the Labor Day storm indicate that sonic sites have recovered following catastrophic disturbance. Other sites have been permanently converted into a different ecosystem, namely intertidal mudflats. Our results indicate that mangroves are not in a steady state as has been recently claimed. C1 [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Anderson, Gordon H.; Balentine, Karen] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Everglades Field Stn, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Tiling, Ginger] Jacobs Technol Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ward, Greg A.] Coastal Planning & Engn Inc, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Whelan, Kevin R. T.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. RP Smith, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Tom_J_Smith@usgs.gov FU Hurricane Katrina Congressional Budget Supplemental Appropriation; USGS; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [IA W912EP-03]; National Science Foundation [OCE-93-00991, DEB-9306317, DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514] FX Portions of this research were supported by funding under the Hurricane Katrina Congressional Budget Supplemental Appropriation #2 to the USGS. Additional funding was provided by the Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems Program of the USGS and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (IA# W912EP-03). Establishment of the first permanent plots following Hurricane Andrew was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-93-00991 and DEB-9306317). The work was also supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreements #DBI-0620409 and #DEB-9910514. Numerous individuals have assisted over the course of this research including: E. Ackterberg, S. Beeler, S. Cleaves. T. Doyle, L. Romero, and C. Walker. Professor Art Cohen and Its Students from the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, assisted with sediment deposition measurements. B. Boynton prepared Figure 5. Work was conducted under Everglades National Park Permits EVER-2005-SCI-0054 and EVER-2007-SCI-0090. Mention of company and / or product trade names does not imply endorsement by any agency of the U.S. Government. Comments from two anonymous reviewers improved earlier versions of the manuscript. Ms. Betsy Boynton worked her usual magic to make the figures look great. NR 51 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 24 EP 34 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500004 ER PT J AU Doyle, TW AF Doyle, Thomas W. TI HURRICANE FREQUENCY AND LANDFALL DISTRIBUTION FOR COASTAL WETLANDS OF THE GULF COAST, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE disturbance regimes; HURASIM; landfall rates; modeling; recurrence probability; retrospective analysis; spatial simulation; tropical storms ID ATLANTIC HURRICANES; EL-NINO; IMPACTS; FOREST; INTENSITY; STRIKES; DAMAGE; STORM AB The regularity and severity of tropical storms are major determinants controlling ecosystem structure And Succession for coastal ecosystems. Hurricane landfall rates vary greatly with high and low frequency for given coastal stretches of the southeastern United States. Site-specific meteorological data of hurricane wind speeds and direction. however, are only available for select Populated cities of relatively sparse distribution and inland from the coast. A spatial simulation model of hurricane circulation, HURASIM. was applied to reconstruct chronologies of hurricane wind speeds and vectors for northern Gulf coast locations derived from historical tracking data of North Atlantic tropical storms dating back to 1851. Contrasts of storm frequencies showed that tropical storm incidence is nearly double for Florida coastal ecosystems than the westernmost stretches of Texas coastline. Finer-scale spatial simulations for the north-central Gulf coast exhibited sub-regional differences in storm strength and frequency with coastal position and latitude. The overall pattern of storm incidence in the Gulf basin indicates that the disturbance regime of coastal areas varies greatly along the coast, inland from the coast, and temporally over the period of record. Field and modeling Studies of coastal ecosystems will benefit from this retrospective analysis of hurricane incidence and intensity both on a local or regional basis. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Doyle, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM tom_doyle@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Transportation; USGS FX I thank Marcus P. Melder. Garrett Girod, and Andy From (IAP World Set-vices, Inc., Lafayette, LA, USA) for programming HURASIM model upgrades and simulations. Model simulations were supported by project funding from the U.S. Department of Transportation for an assessment study of climate change on the transportation sector of the Gulf coast. The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the USGS Global Change Science Program. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500005 ER PT J AU Doyle, TW Krauss, KW Wells, CJ AF Doyle, Thomas W. Krauss, Ken W. Wells, Christopher J. TI LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS AND PATTERN OF HURRICANE IMPACT AND CIRCULATION ON MANGROVE FORESTS OF THE EVERGLADES SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE aerial videography; damage assessment; Everglades National Park; Hurricane Andrew; remote sensing; southwest Florida; spatial analysis; Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge ID AIRBORNE VIDEO IMAGERY; SOUTH FLORIDA; DAMAGE; ANDREW; REGION; TEXAS; COAST; USA AB The Everglades ecosystem contains the largest contiguous tract of mangrove forest Outside the tropics that were also coincidentally intersected by a major Category 5 hurricane. Airborne videography was flown to Capture the landscape patient and process of forest damage in relation to storm trajectory and circulation. TWO aerial video transects, representing different topographic positions, were used to quantify forest damage from video frame analysis in relation to prevailing wind force, treefall direction, and forest height. A hurricane simulation model wits applied to reconstruct wind fields corresponding to the ground location of each video frame and to correlate observed treefall and destruction patterns with wind speed and direction. Mangrove forests within the storm's eyepath and ill the right-side (forewind) quadrants suffered whole or partial blowdowns, while left-side (backwind) sites South of the eyewall zone incurred moderate canopy reduction and defoliation. Sites along file coastal transect sustained substantially more storm damage than sites along the inland transect which may be attributed to differences in stand exposure and/or Mature. Observed treefall directions were shown to be non-random and associated with hurricane trajectory and simulated forewind azimuths. Wide-area sampling using airborne videography provided an efficient adjunct to limited ground observations and improved our spatial understanding of how hurricanes imprint landscape-scale patterns of disturbance. C1 [Doyle, Thomas W.; Krauss, Ken W.; Wells, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Doyle, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM tom_doyle@usgs.gov FU Everglades National Park Critical Ecosystem Study Initiative FX We thank Miles R. Roberts (California State University, Sacramento. USA) for project collaboration and Marcus P. Melder (IAP World Services. Inc., Lafayette, LA. USA) for performing HURASIM model simulations. Dennis M. Jacobs, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy. and Beth Vairin provided reviews of earlier Versions Of this manuscript. We thank Everglades National Park for access across park boundaries for video overflights. The preparations of this Manuscript was supported by Everglades National Park Critical Ecosystem Study Initiative (CESI: Task 98-3) and the USGS Global Change Science Program. Any use of trade, product. or Firm names is For descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500006 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA AF Middleton, Beth A. TI REGENERATION OF COASTAL MARSH VEGETATION IMPACTED BY HURRICANES KATRINA AND RITA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE disturbance dynamics; elevation; flooding; invasive species; salt water intrusion; sea level rise; seed bank assay; seed germination; seedling recruitment; species reassembly; succession ID RISING SEA-LEVEL; MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; SALT-MARSH; PLANT COMMUNITY; WATER-LEVEL; SEED BANKS; SALINITY; WETLANDS; DYNAMICS; USA AB The dynamics of plant regeneration via seed and vegetative spread in coastal wetlands dictate the nature of community reassembly that takes place after hurricanes or sea level rise. The objectives of my project were to evaluate the potential effects of saltwater intrusion and flooding of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on seedling regeneration in coastal wetlands of the Gulf Coast. Specifically 1 tested hypotheses to determine for species in fresh. brackish and salt marshes of the Gulf Coast if 1) the pattern of seed germination and seedling recruitment differed with distance from the shoreline, and 2) seed germination and seedling recruitment for various species were reduced in higher levels of water depth and salinity. Regarding hypothesis 1. seedling densities increased with distance from the shoreline in fresh and brackish water marshes while decreasing with distance from the shoreline in salt marshes. Also to test Hypothesis 1, I used a greenhouse seed bank assay to examine seed germination from seed banks collected at distances from the shoreline in response to various water depths and salinity levels using a nested factorial design. For all marsh types, the influence of water level and salinity on seed germination shifted with distance from the shoreline (i.e., three way interaction of the main effects of distance nested within site, water depth, and salinity). Data from the seed bank assay were also used to test Hypothesis 2. The regeneration of species from fresh. brackish, and salt marshes were reduced in conditions of high salinity and/or water, so that following hurricanes or sea level rise, seedling regeneration could be reduced. Among the species of these coastal marshes, there was some flexibility of response, so that at least some species were able to germinate in either high or low salinity. Salt marshes had a few fresher marsh species in the seed bank that would not germinate without a period of fresh water input (e.g., Sagittaria lancifolia) as well as salt water species (e.g., Avicennia germinans, Salicornia bigelovii). Nevertheless, the species richness of seeds germinating from the seed bank of freshwater marshes was reduced more than in salt marshes, indicating that freshwater marsh regeneration may be more affected by hurricanes and/or sea level rise that salt marshes. From the perspective of short-term seed germination and recruitment following hurricanes, species recruitment is dependent on the post-disturbance conditions of water and salinity. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 FU National Science Foundation [0602641] FX Funding for this project came from the National Science Foundation, SGER Award #0602641, "Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: The role of species-species Interactions in the recovery of coastal Marshes Subjected to flooding and sedimentation disturbance", and the United States Geological Survey "The coastal landscape: science to inform recovery, restoration, and intelligent planning. Wetlands and coastal environments: impacts, protection and restoration, Scientific Task Force 1". Thanks to Rassa Dale for statistical advice, and Jim Grace. Lori Randall, Ebo David, and anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 29 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 54 EP 65 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500007 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Middleton, B Lu, Z AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina Middleton, Beth Lu, Zhong TI SATELLITE OPTICAL AND RADAR DATA USED TO TRACK WETLAND FOREST IMPACT AND SHORT-TERM RECOVERY FROM HURRICANE KATRINA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; NOAA AVHRR; IMAGERY; LEVEL; TM; LOUISIANA AB Satellite Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and RADARSAT-1 (radar) satellite image data collected before and after the landfall of Hurricane katrina in the Pearl River wild life Management Area on the Louisiana-Mississippi border. USA, were applied to the study of forested wetland impact and recovery. We documented the overall similarity in the radar and optical satellite mapping of impact and recovery patterns and highlighted some unique differences that could be used to provide consistent and relevant ecological monitoring. Satellite optical data transformed to a canopy foliage index (CFI) indicated a dramatic decrease in canopy cover immediately after the storm, which then recovered rapidly in the Taxodium distichum (baldcypress) and Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo) forest. Although CFI levels in early October indicated rapid foliage recovery, the abnormally high radar responses associated with the cypress forest suggested a persistent poststorm difference in canopy structure. Impact and recovery mapping results showed that even though cypress forests experienced very high wind speeds, damage was largely limited to foliage loss. Bottomland hardwoods, experiencing progressively lower wind speeds further inland, suffered impacts ranging from increased occurrences of downed trees in the south to partial foliage loss in the north. In addition, bottomland hardwood impact and recovery patterns suggested that impact severity was associated with a difference in stand structure possibly related to environmental conditions that were not revealed in the prehurricane 25-m optical and radar image analyses. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III; Middleton, Beth] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP World Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov FU Pearl River Wildlife Management Area; IAP World Services Inc; USGS [8343-08716] FX We thank June Thormodsgard (USGS). Brenda Jones (USGS), Russell P. Rykhus (Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)), Dave A. Jackson (SAIC), Cindy Fuhs (SAIC), and Anya D. Hartpence (SAIC) Lit the USGS CROS, Rebecca Sanches (ASF) Lit the NASA Alaska Satellite Facility located in the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Thomas H Cecere (USGS) at the USGS National Center in Reston, Virginia, and Zhe Guo (AScI Corporation) for their kind and indispensable help in the collection, acquisition, and analyses of data used in this Study. We thank Mike Olinde and James Stafford of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for access Pearl River Wildlife Management Area and his support for this Study. Finally, the authors are thankful to Victoria Jenkins (IAP World Services Inc.) for editing the paper. RADARSAT-1 SAR data are copyrighted by Canadian Space Agency and were provided by Alaska Satellite Facility. This project was funded by USGS 8343-08716, Second Katrina Supplemental, "The coastal landscape: science to inform recovery, restoration, and I intelligent planning. Wetlands and coastal environments: impacts, protection and restoration." Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 66 EP 79 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500008 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA AF Middleton, Beth A. TI EFFECTS OF HURRICANE KATRINA ON THE FOREST STRUCTURE OF TAXODIUM DISTICHUM SWAMPS OF THE GULF COAST, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE baldcypress swamp; coastal forests; disturbance dynamics; flooding; Nyssa aquatica; species composition; succession; wind disturbance; woody debris ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; RAIN-FOREST; SEA-LEVEL; DAMAGE; TREES; IMPACT; WIND; DISTURBANCE; FLORIDA AB Hurricane Katrina pushed mixed Taxodium distichum forests toward a dominance of Taxodium distichum (baldcypress) and Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo) because these species had lower levels of susceptibility tow wind damage than other woody species. This study documents the volume of dead versus live material of woody trees and shrubs of T. distichum swamps following Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf Coast of Mississippi and Louisiana. Pearl River Wild life Management Area near Canton, Mississippi had the highest winds of the study areas, and these forests were located in the northeast quadrant of Hurricane katrina (sustained wind = 151 kph (94 mph)). Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve south of New Orleans had medium to high winds (sustained winds - 111 kph (69 mph) at the New Orleans lakefront). Cat Island National Wild life Refuge had a lower level of winds and was positioned on the western edge of the storm. The forests at Pearl River and to a lesser extent at Jean Lafitte had the highest amount of structural damage in the study. for Cat Island, Jean Lafitte, and Pearl River, the total volume of dead material (debris) was 50, 80, and 370 m(3) ha(-1), respectively. The ratio of dead to live volume was 0.010, 0.082, and 0.039, respectively. For both of the dominant species, T. distichum and N. aquatica, the percentage of dead to live volume was less that 1%. Subdominant species including Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus lyrata, and Quercus nigra were more damaged by the storm at both Pearl River and Jean Lafitte. Only branches were damaged by Hurricane Katrina at Cat Island. Shrubs such as Morella cerifera, Euonymous sp., and Vaccinium sp. were often killed by the storm, while other species such as Cephalanthus occidentalis, Forestiera acuminata, and Cornus florida were not killed. Despite the fact that Hurricane katrina was a Category 3 storm and struck Pearl River and Jean Lafitte fairly directly, dominant species of the T. distichum swamps were relatively little affected. even though certain subdominant and shrub species were completely removed from the species composition. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 FU USGS [8343-08716] FX This project was funded by USGS 8343-08716, Second Katrina supplemental, "The coastal land scape: science to inform recovery, restoration. and intelligent planning. Wetlands and coastal environments: impacts. protection and restoration". Thanks to Ken Krauss. Karen McKee, and anonymous reviewers For editorial review, and Rassa Dale For statistical review of the paper. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500009 ER PT J AU Keeland, BD Gorham, LE AF Keeland, Bobby D. Gorham, Lance E. TI DELAYED TREE MORTALITY IN THE ATCHAFALAYA BASIN OF SOUTHERN LOUISIANA FOLLOWING HURRICANE ANDREW SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; CHINESE TALLOW TREE; SEBIFERUM L ROXB; PUERTO-RICO; CATASTROPHIC WIND; DAMAGE; DISTURBANCE; HUGO; VEGETATION; RECOVERY AB Hurricanes can damage trees, in forested wetlands, and the potential for mortality related to these storms exists due to the effects of tree damage over time. In August 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed through the forested wetlands of southern Louisiana with winds in excess of 225 kph. Although more than 78% of the basal area was destroyed in some areas, most trees greater than 2.5 cm dbh were alive and resprouting prolifically the following year (98.8%). Survival of most tree species was similarly high two years after the hurricane, but mortality rates of some species increased dramatically. For example, Populus heterophylla (swamp cottonwood) mortality increased from 7.8 to 59.2% (n = 76) and Salix interior (sandbar willow) mortality increased from 4.5 to 57.1% (n = 21). Stem sprouts on many uprooted hardwood trees of other species were still alive in 1998, 6 years after the hurricane. Due to the Understory tree species composition, regeneration, and high levels of resprouting, there was little change in Species composition or perhaps a slight shift toward more shade and flood tolerant species six years following the hurricane event. Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow) was found on some of the sites heavily disturbed by Hurricane Andrew, and may proliferate at the expense of native tree species. C1 [Gorham, Lance E.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Brattleboro, VT 05301 USA. [Keeland, Bobby D.] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Gorham, LE (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 28 Vernon St, Brattleboro, VT 05301 USA. EM lance.gorham@vt.usda.gov NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500011 ER PT J AU Dobbs, RC Barrow, WC Jeske, CW DiMiceli, J Michot, TC Beck, JW AF Dobbs, Robert C. Barrow, Wylie C., Jr. Jeske, Clinton W. DiMiceli, Jennifer Michot, Thomas C. Beck, James W. TI SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF HURRICANE DISTURBANCE ON FOOD AVAILABILITY FOR MIGRANT SONGBIRDS DURING AUTUMN STOPOVER SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE cheniere forest; Hurricane Rita; migratory populations; neotropical-nearctic migratory songbird; stopover ecology ID INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; POPULATIONS; MIGRATION; HERBIVORY; GILBERT; FOREST; GREEN; HUGO AB Understanding the consequences of hurricanes on the food resources available to neotropical-nearctic migrant songbirds, may provide important insight into the effects of hurricanes oil migratory Populations. During autumn migration 2006 we investigated the foraging ecology of two species of insectivorous migrants, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) and Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia). and the availability of their foraging Substrates and arthropod food resources ill two coastal forests in western Louisiana, which were impacted to different degrees by Hurricane Rita ill autumn 2005. Both migrant species attacked prey oil bark Substrates significantly more frequently, and oil live foliage less frequently, in severely damaged forest than in lightly damaged forest (chi(2) tests. P < 0.05). However. both species attacked prey on bark less than expected given its availability (i.e., migrants avoided bark), and attacked prey oil live foliage more than expected given its availability (i.e. migrants selected live foliage), in severely damaged forest (chi(2) tests. P < 0.03). Branch-clipping revealed that arthropod biomass oil live hackberry (Celtis laevigata) and sweet acacia (Acacia farnesiana) branches was significantly higher in severely damaged forest than in lightly damaged forest (Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.01). However. because live foliage was significantly less available in severely damaged forest, overall food availability for migrants was lower in severely damaged forest than in lightly damaged forest. Migrant use of. and arthropod biomass oil, bark and live-foliage substrates were thus dependent oil the availability of those Substrates., which differed between sites as it result of hurricane-related habitat disturbance. These results demonstrate that severe hurricane disturbance reduces food availability for insectivorous songbirds during migratory stopover by reducing the availability of preferred foraging substrates. C1 [Dobbs, Robert C.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.; Jeske, Clinton W.; DiMiceli, Jennifer; Michot, Thomas C.; Beck, James W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Dobbs, RC (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM 6rcd1@queensu.ca NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500013 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA AF Middleton, Beth A. TI EFFECTS OF HURRICANE KATRINA ON TREE REGENERATION IN TAXODIUM DISTICHUM SWAMPS OF THE GULF COAST SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE assembly; baldcypress swamp; coastal forests; disturbance dynamics; recruitment; salinity ID RAIN-FOREST; SEED BANKS; ELEVATED CO2; BALDCYPRESS; DAMAGE; GROWTH; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS AB Regeneration by seedling recruitment may be important in the long-term patterns of species composition in Taxodium forests, and most Studies suggest that seedling recruitment may increase episodically following hurricanes. This Study investigates the nature of regeneration in Taxodium swamps With various levels of damage by wind following Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall in August 2005 in Louisiana and Mississippi. All sites had a fairly similar range of percent canopy cover following the storms (78.9 to 92.1% canopy cover). At Cat Island, the timing of the hurricane May have contributed to low recruitment of Taxodium distichum seedlings in the growing season following the hurricanes, as based oil long-term presence data from 2003 to 2007. Sites at Pearl River had the highest total tree seedling density of the three locations. Jean Lafitte had the lowest level of tree seedling and sapling density and species richness. and may have been flooded more than the other sites. The invasive species, Triadica sebifera was recruited from the seedling into the sapling class at Jean Lafitte and Pearl River during the study. Overall, the patterns of tree recruitment following the hurricane were variable and depended on location. canopy cover. and flooding. C1 USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 FU USGS [8343-08716]; Second Katrina FX This project was funded by USGS 8343-08716, Second Katrina supplemental. "The Coastal landscape: science to inform recovery, restoration, and intelligent planning. Wetlands and coastal environments: impacts, protection and restoration." Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500014 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Doyle, TW Doyle, TJ Swarzenski, CM From, AS Day, RH Conner, WH AF Krauss, Ken W. Doyle, Thomas W. Doyle, Terry J. Swarzenski, Christopher M. From, Andrew S. Day, Richard H. Conner, William H. TI WATER LEVEL OBSERVATIONS IN MANGROVE SWAMPS DURING TWO HURRICANES IN FLORIDA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE forested wetlands; marsh; surge; tropical storm; Hurricane Charley; Hurricane Wilma ID STORM-SURGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FORESTS; VEGETATION; TSUNAMI; MODEL; SEA AB Little is known about the effectiveness of mangroves in suppressing water level heights during landfall of tropical storms and hurricanes. Recent hurricane strikes along the Gulf Coast of the United States have impacted wetland integrity in some areas and hastened the need to understand how and to what degree coastal forested wetlands confer protection by reducing the height of peak water level. In recent years. U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast research projects in Florida have instrumented mangrove sites with continuous water level recorders. Our ad hoc network of water level recorders documented The rise, peak, and fall of water levels (+/- 0.5 hr) from two hurricane events in 2004 and 2005. Reduction of peak water level heights from relatively in-line gages associated with one storm surge event indicated that mangrove wetlands can reduce water level height by as much as as 9.4 cm/km inland over intact. relatively unchannelized expanses. During the other event, reductions were slightly less for mangroves along a river corridor. Estimates of water level attenuation were within the range reported in the literature but erred on the conservative side. These synoptic data from single storm events indicate that intact mangroves may support a protective role in reducing maximum water level height associated with surge. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.; Doyle, Thomas W.; Day, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Doyle, Terry J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Naples, FL 34114 USA. [Swarzenski, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Water Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. [From, Andrew S.] IAP World Serv Inc, USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Conner, William H.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov OI From, Andrew/0000-0002-6543-2627 FU USGS Climate Change Science program; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program; NPS Critical Ecosystems Initiative; CSREES/USDA [Sc-1700271]; Clemson University Experiment Station [5369] FX We thank Daniel Kroes, Torbjorn Tornqvist. Eric Swenson, Thomas. J. Smith 111, Gordon H. Anderson, Beth i A. Middleton, and one anonymous reviewer For helpful comments Oil an earlier version of this manuscript. Jason K. Sullivan, Edward Castaneda, Mike Barry. and Russell J. Walters assisted with water level recorder installation and maintenance in south Florida, and Gary P. Shaffer and Linda Broussard provided references For storm surge estimates. This material is based upon work supported by the USGS Climate Change Science program. USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program, NPS Critical Ecosystems Initiative, and CSREES/USDA, Under project number Sc-1700271 Technical contribution No. 5369 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. Mention of trade names does not. constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500015 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ de Fontaine, CS Deverel, SJ AF Drexler, Judith Z. de Fontaine, Christian S. Deverel, Steven J. TI THE LEGACY OF WETLAND DRAINAGE ON THE REMAINING PEAT IN THE SACRAMENTO - SAN JOAQUIN DELTA, CALIFORNIA, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE bulk density; compaction; marsh; microbial oxidation; organic carbon; radiocarbon age determination; subsidence ID AGE CALIBRATION; LAND SUBSIDENCE; ORGANIC SOILS; NETHERLANDS; LOUISIANA AB Throughout the world many extensive wetlands, such as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California (hereafter, the Delta), have been drained for agriculture, resulting ill land-surface subsidence of peat soils. The purpose of this project was to study the in situ effects of wetland drainage oil the remaining peat in the Delta. Peat cores were retrieved from four drained, farmed islands and four relatively undisturbed, marsh islands. Core samples were analyzed for bulk density and percent organic Carbon. Macrofossils ill the peat were dated using radiocarbon age determination. The peat from the Canned islands is highly distinct from marsh island peat. Bulk density of peat From the farmed islands is generally greater than that of the marsh islands at a given organic carbon content. Oil the farmed islands. increased bulk density, which is, an indication of compaction, decreases with depth within the unoxidized peat zone, whereas, oil the marsh islands, bulk density is generally constant with depth except near the surface. Approximately 55-80% of the original peat layer oil the farmed islands has been lost due to land-surface subsidence. For the center regions of the farmed islands, this translates into an estimated loss of between 2900-5700 metric tons of organic carbon/hectare. most of the intact peal just below the currently farmed soil layer is over 4000 years old. Peat loss Will continue as long as the artificial water table oil the farmed islands is held below the land surface. C1 [Drexler, Judith Z.; de Fontaine, Christian S.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Deverel, Steven J.] Hydrofocus Inc, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 27 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 372 EP 386 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500037 ER PT J AU Steenhof, K Peterson, BE AF Steenhof, Karen Peterson, Brit E. TI SITE FIDELITY, MATE FIDELITY, AND BREEDING DISPERSAL IN AMERICAN KESTRELS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MERLINS FALCO-COLUMBARIUS; NEST-BOX; TENGMALMS OWL; ACCIPITER-NISUS; BIRDS; SPARROWHAWKS; TERRITORY; PATTERNS; SUCCESS; QUALITY AB We assessed mate fidelity, nest-box fidelity, and breeding dispersal distances of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) nesting in boxes in southwestern Idaho from 1990 through 2006. Seventy-seven percent of boxes had different males and 87% had different females where nest-box occupants were identified in consecutive years. High turnover rates were partly a result of box-switching. Forty-eight percent of males and 58% of females that nested within the study area in successive years used different boxes. The probability of changing boxes was unrelated to gender, nesting success in the prior year, or years of nesting experience. Breeding dispersal distances for birds that moved to different boxes averaged 2.2 km for males (max = 22 km) and 3.2 km for females (max = 32 km). Approximately 70% of birds that nested in consecutive years on the study area had a different mate in the second year. Mate fidelity was related to box fidelity but not to prior nesting success or years of nesting experience. Mate changes occurred 32% of the time when the previous mate was known to be alive and nesting in the area. Kestrels that switched mates and boxes did not improve or decrease their subsequent nesting success. Kestrels usually switched to mates with less experience and lower lifetime productivity than their previous mates. The costs of switching boxes and mates were low, and there were no obvious benefits to fidelity. The cost of "waiting" for a previous mate that might have died could be high in species with high annual mortality. Received 23 November 2007. Accepted 1 May 2008. C1 [Steenhof, Karen; Peterson, Brit E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Steenhof, K (reprint author), Owyhee Desert Studies, 18109 Briar Creek Rd, Murphy, ID 83650 USA. EM Steenhof@att.net RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Boise State University FX This study began as a cooperative effort between the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Idaho Department of Transportation, and Boise District Bureau of Land Management. Funding in recent years was provided by U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and Boise State University. We thank J. C. Bednarz, G. P. Carpenter, C. R. Groves, and Michelle Drysdale, who were instrumental in getting the study started. We thank C. D. Marti, A. M. Dully, and M. J. Bechard for sharing information about birds they banded that we recovered and about recaptures of birds we banded. We also thank J. A. Heath, L. L. Dunn, and Erica Schutter who worked as technicians and to numerous individuals who volunteered their time. Reed Bowman, J. A. Heath, K. L. Bildstein, I. G. Warkentin, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on a draft manuscript. Laura Bond provided assistance with the statistical analysis. We are especially indebted to the landowners who graciously allowed us to place and check boxes on their property. The National Geographic Society donated a ladder to the study. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1676/07-177.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 585DB UT WOS:000276803400002 ER PT J AU Brooks, DM O'Neill, JP Foster, MS Mark, T Dauphine, N Franke, IJ AF Brooks, Daniel M. O'Neill, John P. Foster, Mercedes S. Mark, Todd Dauphine, Nico Franke, Irma J. TI AVIFAUNA OF THE PONGOS BASIN, AMAZONAS DEPARTMENT, PERU SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We provide an inventory of the avifauna of the Pongos Basin. northern Amazonas Department, Peru based on museum specimens collected during expeditions spanning >60 years within the 20th century. Four hundred and thirty-eight species representing 52 families are reported. Differences between lowland and higher elevation avifaunas were apparent. Species accounts with overviews of specimen data are provided for four species representing distributional records, two threatened species, and 26 species of Nearctic and Austral migrants, of which six are considered probable migrants. Received 25 October 2007. Accepted 7 June 2008. C1 [Brooks, Daniel M.; Mark, Todd] Houston Museum Nat Sci, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [O'Neill, John P.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Foster, Mercedes S.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Dauphine, Nico] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Franke, Irma J.] Museo Hist Nat, Lima 14, Peru. RP Brooks, DM (reprint author), Houston Museum Nat Sci, Dept Vertebrate Zool, 1 Hermann Circle Dr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dbrooks@hmns.org OI Franke, Irma/0000-0002-7110-1939 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 54 EP 74 DI 10.1676/07-160.1 PG 21 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 585DB UT WOS:000276803400005 ER PT J AU DesRochers, DW Butler, LK Silbernagle, MD Reed, JM AF DesRochers, David W. Butler, Luke K. Silbernagle, Michael D. Reed, J. Michael TI Observations of Molt in an Endangered Rallid, the Hawaiian Moorhen SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WING MOLT; CONSTRAINTS; TRANSVAAL AB We used field and museum data to describe timing of flight feather molt in the endangered Hawaiian Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis). We evaluated 80 adults captured a total of 107 times at two study sites on Oahu from April 2005 to August 2007. Eighty-five of the birds were not molting, 13 had abraded remiges, and eight of the nine molting adults examined were simultaneously replacing their primaries, secondaries, and upper and lower wing coverts. We also scored molt for 28 Hawaiian Moorhen specimens from three museum collections, but no birds were molting. Molt in Hawaiian Moorhens, which lasts about 30 days, was not synchronous across individuals with molting birds recorded from June to September in the field. We observed non-molting individuals throughout the year including birds we captured and museum specimens. Molting and non-molting birds had similar body condition, as defined by mass/tarsometatarsal length. The flightless period during molt, which likely lasts about 25 days, may increase predation risk, a serious concern in Hawaii where introduced terrestrial predators pose a major threat to moorhen populations. Received 8 May 2008. Accepted 2 July 2008. C1 [DesRochers, David W.; Butler, Luke K.; Reed, J. Michael] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Silbernagle, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Haleiwa, HI 96712 USA. RP DesRochers, DW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM DavidW.DesRochers@gmail.com FU Tufts Institute for the Environment; Tufts University Graduate Student Association Research Award; Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife; Nuttall Ornithological Club; National Science Foundation [DEB-0710119] FX We thank A. M. Nadig of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and B. R. Casler of Waimea Valley Audubon Center for help capturing birds, and R. A. Rameyer and T. M. Work along with the Bishop Museum of Hawaii for sharing moorhen specimens for measuring feathers. We thank Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, and Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History for allowing access to their collections. This work was supported by Tufts Institute for the Environment, a Tufts University Graduate Student Association Research Award, the Kathleen S. Anderson Award from the Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, the Blake Fund of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, and a Dissertation Improvement Grant (# DEB-0710119) from the National Science Foundation. We also thank N. S. Wilson-Rich. the Tufts Biology Writing Club. D. W. Steadman. and an anonymous reviewer for providing valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1676/08-064.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 585DB UT WOS:000276803400016 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MH Breeden, JH Vekasy, MS Ellis, TM AF Reynolds, Michelle H. Breeden, James H., Jr. Vekasy, Mark S. Ellis, Tana M. TI Long-term Pair Bonds in the Laysan Duck SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAS-LAYSANENSIS; ISLAND; TEAL AB We describe long-term pair Bonds in the endangered Laysan Duck (Anas laysanensis). a dabbling duck endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago. Individually marked birds were identified on Laysan Island between 1998 and 2006 (n = 613 marked adults). We recorded pair bonds while observing marked birds, and documented within and between year mate switches and multi-year pair bonds. Twenty pairs banded before 2001 had stable pair bonds lasting years with a maximum enduring pair bond of nine breeding seasons. Understanding reproductive strategy, including mate retention, would aid conservation planning and management efforts for the Laysan Duck. Further study is needed to characterize the social system of this endangered species. Received 12 December 2007. Accepted 20 June 2008. C1 [Reynolds, Michelle H.; Breeden, James H., Jr.; Vekasy, Mark S.; Ellis, Tana M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Ellis, Tana M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reynolds, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM michelle_reynolds@usgs.gov FU USFWS Ecological services of the Pacific Islands Office; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Biological Resources Discipline and Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; National Geographic Society; USGS QRP; Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank field biologists K. L. Kozar, M. S. Roth, D. H. Tsukayama, and Rebecca Woodward for intensive brood monitoring. and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USEWS) technicians and volunteers for the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge for reading bands and entering data. The USFWS Ecological services of the Pacific Islands Office, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Biological Resources Discipline and Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, National Geographic Society, and USGS QRP grants provided partial funding. The Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Fisheries Service provided logistic and volunteer support. E. N. Flint. J. Leinecke, D. U. Palawski, H. B. Friefeld, and C. L. Rehkemper made long-term data collection possible. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1676/07-188.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 585DB UT WOS:000276803400026 ER PT J AU Kozlowski, CP Bauman, JE Hahn, DC AF Kozlowski, Corinne P. Bauman, Joan E. Hahn, D. Caldwell TI A Simplified Method for Extracting Androgens From Avian Egg Yolks SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE testosterone; androstenedione; extraction; avian yolk; radioimmunoassay ID MATERNAL TESTOSTERONE; STEROID-HORMONES; BIRDS; TRAITS; GROWTH AB Female birds deposit significant amounts of steroid hormones into the yolks of their eggs. Studies have demonstrated that these hormones, particularly androgens, affect nestling growth and development. In order to measure androgen concentrations in avian egg yolks, most authors follow the extraction methods outlined by Schwabl (1993. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11446-11450). We describe a simplified method for extracting androgens from avian egg yolks. Our method, which has been validated through recovery and linearity experiments, consists of a single ethanol precipitation that produces substantially higher recoveries than those reported by Schwabl (1993. Proc. Nal. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11446-11450). Zoo Biol 28:137-143, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Kozlowski, Corinne P.; Bauman, Joan E.] St Louis Zoo, Res Dept, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Kozlowski, Corinne P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Hahn, D. Caldwell] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kozlowski, CP (reprint author), St Louis Zoo, Res Dept, 1 Govt Dr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM kozlowski@stlzoo.org NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1002/zoo.20221 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 437RA UT WOS:000265503400005 PM 19367626 ER PT J AU Harvey, JBJ Hoy, MS Rodriguez, RJ AF Harvey, Julio B. J. Hoy, Marshal S. Rodriguez, Rusty J. TI Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ballast water; Environmental sampling; Invasive species; Marine larval detection; Molecular probes ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; PLANKTON SAMPLES; DISPERSAL; MODEL; PROPAGULES; MACROALGAE; COASTAL; SYSTEM; WAVE AB Non-native marine species have been and continue to be introduced into Puget Sound via several vectors including ship's ballast water. Some non-native species become invasive and negatively impact native species or near shore habitats. We present a new methodology for the development and testing of taxon specific PCR primers designed to assess environmental samples of ocean water for the presence of native and non-native bivalves, crustaceans and algae. The intergenic spacer regions (IGS: ITS1, IT52 and 5.8S) of the ribosomal DNA were sequenced for adult samples of each taxon studied. We used these data along with those available in Genbank to design taxon and group specific primers and tested their stringency against artificial populations of plasmid constructs containing the entire IGS region for each of the 25 taxa in our study, respectively. Taxon and group specific primer sets were then used to detect the presence or absence of native and non-native planktonic life-history stages (propagules) from environmental samples of ballast water and plankton tow net samples collected in Puget Sound. This methodology provides an inexpensive and efficient way to test the discriminatory ability of taxon specific oligonucleotides (PCR primers) before creating molecular probes or beacons for use in molecular ecological applications such as probe hybridizations or microarray analyses. This work addresses the current need to develop molecular tools capable of diagnosing the presence of planktonic life-history stages from non-native marine species (potential invaders) in ballast water and other environmental samples. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Harvey, JBJ (reprint author), 7700 Sandholt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM jharvey@mbari.org FU U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Washington FX We would like to thank Lars Anderson, Brady Blake, Jeff Cordell, Nancy Elder, Regina Redman, Camille Speck, Keith Strieck and Leesa Wright for their invaluable assistance with sample collection and fieldwork. We thank the owners and operators of the Taylor Shellfish Farms hatchery (Quilcene, WA) for providing us with larval samples used in this study and Billie Swalla for kindly providing us with genomic material from several ascidian species. We are grateful to the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Washington for funding this research. [ST] NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 369 IS 2 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 412SQ UT WOS:000263744900003 ER PT J AU Fournier, T Freymueller, J Cervelli, P AF Fournier, Thomas Freymueller, Jeff Cervelli, Peter TI Tracking magma volume recovery at Okmok volcano using GPS and an unscented Kalman filter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; TIME-DEPENDENT INVERSION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SURFACE UPLIFT; 1960 COLLAPSE; 1997 ERUPTION; GEODETIC DATA; ALASKA; INTERFEROMETRY AB Changes beneath a volcano can be observed through position changes in a GPS network, but distinguishing the source of site motion is not always straightforward. The records of continuous GPS sites provide a favorable data set for tracking magma migration. Dense campaign observations usually provide a better spatial picture of the overall deformation field, at the expense of an episodic temporal record. Combining these observations provides the best of both worlds. A Kalman filter provides a means for integrating discrete and continuous measurements and for interpreting subtle signals. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is a nonlinear method for time-dependent observations. We demonstrate the application of this technique to deformation data by applying it to GPS data collected at Okmok volcano. Seven years of GPS observations at Okmok are analyzed using a Mogi source model and the UKF. The deformation source at Okmok is relatively stable at 2.5 km depth below sea level, located beneath the center of the caldera, which means the surface deformation is caused by changes in the strength of the source. During the 7 years of GPS observations more than 0.5 m of uplift has occurred, a majority of that during the time period January 2003 to July 2004. The total volume recovery at Okmok since the last eruption in 1997 is similar to 60-80%. The UKF allows us to solve simultaneously for the time-dependence of the source strength and for the location without a priori information about the source.time- C1 [Fournier, Thomas] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cervelli, Peter] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Freymueller, Jeff] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fournier, T (reprint author), Cornell Univ, 3130 Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tjf52@cornell.edu; jeff@giseis.alaska.edu; pcervelli@usgs.gov RI Fournier, Thomas/A-9269-2008 FU NASDA; State of Alaska; Federal Aviation Administration FX Larry Mastin and Jessica Murray-Moraleda provided useful comments that helped to improve the manuscript. Pedro Elosegui, Jeffrey McGuire, and James Davis gave critical and helpful review comments. GPS work at Okmok began in the summer of 2000 by collaboration between Alaska Volcano Observatory and a group of universities in Japan. The funding for the 2000-2002 campaigns was provided to Nagoya University, Tohoku University, and Hokkaido University by NASDA (now JAXA). Subsequent work at Okmok was supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory and the U. S. Geological Survey, as part of their Volcano Hazards Program, and by additional funds by the State of Alaska and by the Federal Aviation Administration. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B02405 DI 10.1029/2008JB005837 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 412PT UT WOS:000263737400004 ER PT J AU Helgerud, MB Waite, WF Kirby, SH Nur, A AF Helgerud, M. B. Waite, W. F. Kirby, S. H. Nur, A. TI Elastic wave speeds and moduli in polycrystalline ice Ih, sI methane hydrate, and sII methane-ethane hydrate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; BRILLOUIN SPECTROSCOPY; NATURAL-GAS; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; MEASURED TEMPERATURE; ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; ENERGY RESOURCE; V-S AB We used ultrasonic pulse transmission to measure compressional, P, and shear, S, wave speeds in laboratory-formed polycrystalline ice Ih, sI methane hydrate, and sII methane-ethane hydrate. From the wave speed's linear dependence on temperature and pressure and from the sample's calculated density, we derived expressions for bulk, shear, and compressional wave moduli and Poisson's ratio from -20 to -5 degrees C and 22.4 to 32.8 MPa for ice Ih, -20 to 15 degrees C and 30.5 to 97.7 MPa for sI methane hydrate, and -20 to 10 degrees C and 30.5 to 91.6 MPa for sII methane-ethane hydrate. All three materials had comparable P and S wave speeds and decreasing shear wave speeds with increasing applied pressure. Each material also showed evidence of rapid intergranular bonding, with a corresponding increase in wave speed, in response to pauses in sample deformation. There were also key differences. Resistance to uniaxial compaction, indicated by the pressure required to compact initially porous samples, was significantly lower for ice Ih than for either hydrate. The ice Ih shear modulus decreased with increasing pressure, in contrast to the increase measured in both hydrates. C1 [Helgerud, M. B.; Nur, A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Helgerud, M. B.; Kirby, S. H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Waite, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Helgerud, MB (reprint author), ExxonMobil Explorat Co, POB 4778, Houston, TX 77210 USA. EM wwaite@usgs.gov FU NSF [OCE-97-10506]; DOE [DE-FG0386ER 13601, DE-FG07-96ER 14723]; DOE/LLNL [W-7405-ENG-48]; GRI [5094-210-32351]; U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology and Eastern Region Gas Hydrate Programs FX This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-97-10506, DOE grants DE-FG0386ER 13601 and DE-FG07-96ER 14723, DOE/LLNL contract W-7405-ENG-48, GRI grant 5094-210-32351, NEDO, as well as by the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology and Eastern Region Gas Hydrate Programs. Tom Lorenson performed the gas chromatography work, and Susan Circone performed the precision dissociation work. Laura Stern helped with the hydrate synthesis, and Shiva Subramanian helped with the gas properties. This manuscript benefited from the reviews of David Cole and William Winters, and discussions with Brandon Dugan, Jack Germaine, and Carlos Santamarina. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 57 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B02212 DI 10.1029/2008JB006132 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 412PT UT WOS:000263737400006 ER PT J AU McAleer, RJ Spotila, JA Enkelmann, E Berger, AL AF McAleer, Ryan J. Spotila, James A. Enkelmann, Eva Berger, Aaron L. TI Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID ST-ELIAS OROGEN; SOUTHERN ALASKA; APATITE (U-TH)/HE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GLACIAL EROSION; YAKUTAT BLOCK; STRIKE-SLIP; NEW-ZEALAND; CENOZOIC EXHUMATION; COAST MOUNTAINS AB The southern Alaskan syntaxis marks the spectacular junction between the >1000-km-long Pacific-North America transform margin and the Chugach-St. Elias belt, where subduction and terrane accretion drive rapid convergent deformation and rock uplift. New low-temperature thermochronometry reveals that intense orogenic deformation is not restricted to one side of the syntaxis but extends nearly 300 km south along the dextral Fairweather fault. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages as young as 0.9 and 2.0 Ma suggest maximum exhumation rates of nearly 2 mm/a in close proximity (<10 km) to the Fairweather fault and average exhumation rates of >0.5 mm/a along the entire plate margin. We estimate that long-term rock uplift accommodates similar to 3 mm/a of fault-normal convergence in this area. This suggests that the Fairweather fault is slightly transpressive and highly partitioned, analogous to the central San Andreas fault. This convergence only accounts for similar to 1/5 of the obliquity between Pacific plate motion and the continental margin, however, implying the deficit is taken up by 1-2 cm/a thrust-sinistral motion along the offshore Transition fault. Additionally, thermochronometry shows a marked increase in bedrock cooling coincident with onset of heavy glaciation, similar to what has been observed in other parts of the Pacific Northwest. The tectonically active Fairweather corridor is distinguished, however, by the magnitude of the acceleration and the depth of exhumation since Pliocene climate change. Citation: McAleer, R.J., J.A. Spotila, E. Enkelmann, and A.L. Berger (2009), Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry, Tectonics, 28, TC1007, doi:10.1029/2007TC002240. C1 [McAleer, Ryan J.; Spotila, James A.; Berger, Aaron L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Enkelmann, Eva] Lehigh Univ, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP McAleer, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 926-A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rmcaleer@usgs.gov; spotila@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR0409224]; John T. Dillon Geological Society of America Student Research FX We thank those studying the region, including Terry Pavlis, for many helpful discussions and ideas. Peter Haeussler, Paul O'Sullivan, and Terry Pavlis are also thanked for sharing sample material for samples north of Glacier Bay. Glacier Bay National Park is thanked for research access. John Garver at Union College is thanked for his assistance with zircon fission track dating, and Ken Farley (Caltech) and Pete Reiners (University of Arizona) are thanked for their assistance in running ICP-MS analyses. We thank the Editor, Associate Editor, and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful reviews that improved this paper. Support was provided by National Science Foundation grant "The St. Elias Erosion/Tectonics Project,'' EAR0409224, and the John T. Dillon Geological Society of America Student Research Grant to R. McAleer. NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD FEB 27 PY 2009 VL 28 AR TC1007 DI 10.1029/2007TC002240 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 412QV UT WOS:000263740200001 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Gooseff, MN Arp, CD Baker, MA AF Briggs, Martin A. Gooseff, Michael N. Arp, Christopher D. Baker, Michelle A. TI A method for estimating surface transient storage parameters for streams with concurrent hyporheic storage SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; RETENTION; ZONE; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; TRACER; MODEL; FLOW; TOPOGRAPHY AB Application of transient storage models has become popular for characterizing hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in streams. The typical transient storage model represents exchange between the main channel and a single storage zone, essentially lumping together different exchange processes. Here we present a method to inform a transient storage model that accounts for two storage zones (2-SZ) to discriminate between surface transient storage (STS) exchange and exchange with hyporheic transient storage (HTS). This method requires that, in addition to tracer breakthrough curves from the main channel, cross-sectional stream velocity distributions and stream tracer concentration time series data from several main channel locations and adjacent representative STS zones be collected. We apply this method to a constant rate conservative tracer injection in a first-order stream and to an instantaneous slug conservative tracer injection in a fourth-order stream. The 2-SZ model simulations matched observed breakthrough curves of tracer concentration in the main channel and general STS behavior well. Additionally, we compared the optimized parameter sets of the 2-SZ model to one-storage zone model (1-SZ) simulations and found that the lumped storage terms of the 1-SZ model described the time scales of 2-SZ model HTS exchange and attributed the time scales of observed STS exchange to longitudinal dispersion. With additional field data collection efforts and data processing, this method can provide much more useful results than the 1-SZ approach to those interested in discriminating between surface and subsurface transient storage dynamics of streams, which is important for discerning processes important to the cycling and fate of biogeochemicals. C1 [Briggs, Martin A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Arp, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Baker, Michelle A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Baker, Michelle A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Briggs, MA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mabriggs@mines.edu RI Baker, Michelle/F-3434-2010; Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Baker, Michelle/0000-0002-7188-8639; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 06-14350] FX We would like to thank K. Morkeski, B. Jackson, R. Stewart, and N. Morse for field work assistance and C. Hopkinson, W. Wollheim, B. Peterson, R. Payn, and J. Revielle for providing valuable insights. We are grateful to R. Runkel, K. Bencala, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews. Additionally, we thank the towns of Boxford, Massachusetts, and North Reading, Massachusetts for site access and the Plum Island Ecosystems LTER for logistical support. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DEB 06-14350. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 26 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W00D27 DI 10.1029/2008WR006959 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 412RB UT WOS:000263740800001 ER PT J AU Pieters, CM Boardman, J Buratti, B Chatterjee, A Clark, R Glavich, T Green, R Head, J Isaacson, P Malaret, E McCord, T Mustard, J Petro, N Runyon, C Staid, M Sunshine, J Taylor, L Tompkins, S Varanasi, P White, M AF Pieters, Carle M. Boardman, Joseph Buratti, Bonnie Chatterjee, Alok Clark, Roger Glavich, Tom Green, Robert Head, James, III Isaacson, Peter Malaret, Erick McCord, Thomas Mustard, John Petro, Noah Runyon, Cassandra Staid, Matthew Sunshine, Jessica Taylor, Lawrence Tompkins, Stefanie Varanasi, Padma White, Mary TI The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) on Chandrayaan-1 SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Imaging spectrometer; lunar composition; mineralogy AB The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) is a NASA-supported guest instrument on ISRO's remote sensing mission to Moon, Chandrayaan-1. The M-3 is an imaging spectrometer that operates from the visible into the near-infrared (0.42-3.0 mu m) where highly diagnostic mineral absorption bands occur. Over the course of the mission M-3 will provide low resolution spectroscopic data for the entire lunar surface at 140 m/pixel (86 spectral channels) to be used as a base-map and high spectral resolution science data (80 m/pixel; 260 spectral channels) for 25-50% of the surface. The detailed mineral assessment of different lunar terrains provided by M-3 is principal information needed for understanding the geologic evolution of the lunar crust and lays the foundation for focused future in-depth exploration of the Moon. C1 [Pieters, Carle M.; Head, James, III; Isaacson, Peter; Mustard, John] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Boardman, Joseph] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Buratti, Bonnie; Chatterjee, Alok; Glavich, Tom; Green, Robert; Varanasi, Padma; White, Mary] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McCord, Thomas] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Petro, Noah] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Runyon, Cassandra] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Staid, Matthew] PSI, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sunshine, Jessica] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Taylor, Lawrence] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pieters, CM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Carle_Pieters@brown.edu NR 9 TC 86 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 18 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 96 IS 4 BP 500 EP 505 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 416PS UT WOS:000264018600028 ER PT J AU Nielsen, SG Mar-Gerrison, S Gannoun, A LaRowe, D Klemm, V Halliday, AN Burton, KW Hein, JR AF Nielsen, Sune G. Mar-Gerrison, Sarah Gannoun, Abdelmouhcine LaRowe, Doug Klemm, Veronika Halliday, Alex N. Burton, Kevin W. Hein, James R. TI Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE thallium isotopes; Fe-Mn crusts; Cenozoic climate; organic carbon burial; early Eocene ID PACIFIC FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; OCEAN CIRCULATION; PELAGIC SEDIMENTS; THERMAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MASS-BALANCE; MC-ICPMS; SEAWATER AB T The first high resolution thallium (Tl) isotope records in two ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts), CD29 and D11 from the Pacific Ocean are presented. The crusts record pronounced but systematic changes in (205)Tl/(203)Tl that are unlikely to reflect diagenetic overprinting or changes in isotope fractionation between seawater and Fe-Mn crusts. It appears more likely that the Fe-Mn crusts track the Tl isotope composition of seawater over time. The present-day oceanic residence time of Tl is estimated to be about 20,000 yr, such that the isotopic composition should reflect ocean-wide events. New and published Os isotope data are used to construct age models for these crusts that are consistent with each other and significantly different from previous age models. Application of these age models reveals that the Tl isotope composition of seawater changed systematically between similar to 55 Ma and similar to 45 Ma. Using a simple box model it is shown that the present day Tl isotope composition of seawater depends almost exclusively on the ratio between the two principal output fluxes of marine Tl. These fluxes are the rate of removal of Tl from seawater via scavenging by authigenic Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide precipitation and the uptake rate of Tl during low temperature alteration of oceanic crust. It is highly unlikely that the latter has changed greatly. Therefore, assuming that the marine Tl budget has also not changed significantly during the Cenozoic, the low (205)Tl/(203)Tl during the Paleocene is best explained by a more than four-fold higher sequestration of Tl by Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides compared with at the present day. The calculated Cenozoic Tl isotopic seawater curve displays a striking similarity to that of S, providing evidence that both systems may have responded to the same change in the marine environment. A plausible explanation is a marked and permanent increase in organic carbon export from similar to 55 Ma to similar to 45 Ma, which led to higher pyrite burial rates and a significantly reduced flux of Fe-Mn oxide removal as a result of increased biological uptake of Fe and Mn. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nielsen, Sune G.; Mar-Gerrison, Sarah; Gannoun, Abdelmouhcine; Halliday, Alex N.; Burton, Kevin W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [LaRowe, Doug] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Klemm, Veronika] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nielsen, SG (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. EM sune.nielsen@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Nielsen, Sune/C-7345-2011; OI Nielsen, Sune/0000-0002-0458-3739 FU NERC FX This paper benefited from suggestions and discussions with C. Day, P. Halloran, G. Henderson, K. Hendry, S. Hesselbo, H. Jenkyns, M. Rehk mper, R. Rickaby and H. Williams. The thoughtful reviews of M. Frank, D. Schmidt and two anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. We thank B. Georg, A. Mason, C. Siebert and H. Williams for keeping laboratories running as smoothly as possible. S.G.N is funded by a NERC fellowship. NR 69 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 278 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 417AN UT WOS:000264046900016 ER PT J AU Jackson, PR Rehmann, CR AF Jackson, P. Ryan Rehmann, Chris R. TI Theory for differential transport of scalars in sheared stratified turbulence SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STABLE STRATIFICATION; INTERNAL WAVES; DIFFUSION; FLOW; FLUID; OCEAN; PARAMETERIZATION; DIFFUSIVITIES; EVOLUTION AB Scalars with different molecular diffusivities can be transported at different rates in a strongly stratified, weakly turbulent flow. Rapid distortion theory (RDT) is used to examine the mechanisms responsible for differential diffusion of scalars in a sheared stratified flow. The theory, which applies when the flow is strongly stratified, predicts upgradient flux and its wavenumber dependence, which previous direct numerical simulations have shown to be important in differential diffusion. The net effect of shear on differential diffusion depends on the Grashof number, or the relative importance of buoyancy and viscous effects. RDT also allows the effects of the density ratio, Schmidt number, Lewis number, scalar activity and mean shear to be examined without the high computational cost of direct numerical simulation. RDT predicts that differential diffusion will increase with increasing density ratio, but only at low Grashof number. When the Lewis number is fixed, the Grashof number below which differential diffusion occurs decreases with increasing Schmidt number, and when one of the Schmidt numbers is fixed, differential diffusion decreases with increasing Lewis number. Also, differential transport of passive scalars increases when the Schmidt number of the scalar stratifying the flow increases. C1 [Rehmann, Chris R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Jackson, P. Ryan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jackson, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, 1201 W Univ Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pjackson@whoi.edu; rehmann@iastate.edu OI Jackson, P. Ryan/0000-0002-3154-6108; Rehmann, Chris/0000-0002-4740-557X NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 621 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1017/S0022112008004308 PG 21 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 417MM UT WOS:000264080100001 ER PT J AU Miles, SB Keefer, DK AF Miles, Scott B. Keefer, David K. TI Evaluation of CAMEL - comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Earthquake; Landslide; GIs; Fuzzy logic; Regional hazard zonation; Evaluation ID SUSCEPTIBILITY AB A new comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides (CAMEL) has been developed to assist in planning decisions related to disaster risk reduction. CAMEL provides an integrated framework for modeling all types of earthquake-induced landslides using fuzzy logic systems and geographic information systems. CAMEL is designed to facilitate quantitative and qualitative representation of terrain conditions and knowledge about these conditions on the likely areal concentration of each landslide type. CAMEL has been empirically evaluated with respect to disrupted landslides (Category 1) using a case study of the 1989 M=6.9 Loma Prieta, CA earthquake. In this case, CAMEL performs best in comparison to disrupted slides and falls in soil. For disrupted rock fall and slides, CAMEL's performance was slightly poorer. The model predicted a low occurrence of rock avalanches, when none in fact occurred. A similar comparison with the Loma Prieta case study was also conducted using a simplified Newmark displacement model. The area under the curve method of evaluation was used in order to draw comparisons between both models, revealing improved performance with CAMEL. CAMEL should not however be viewed as a strict alternative to Newmark displacement models. CAMEL can be used to integrate Newmark displacements with other, previously incompatible, types of knowledge. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miles, Scott B.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Inst Global & Community Resilience, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Keefer, David K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Miles, SB (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Inst Global & Community Resilience, 516 High St,MS 9085, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM scott.miles@wwu.edu OI Miles, Scott B/0000-0003-3968-2347 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD FEB 24 PY 2009 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.08.004 PG 15 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 416MG UT WOS:000264009600001 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Crying wolf: concluding that wolves were not restored SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter ID MINNESOTA; DISPERSAL C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 65 EP 66 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0440 PG 2 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 396MV UT WOS:000262596700019 PM 18854293 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, JL Gomberg, J Vidale, JE Wech, AG Kao, H Creager, KC Rogers, G AF Rubinstein, Justin L. Gomberg, Joan Vidale, John E. Wech, Aaron G. Kao, Honn Creager, Kenneth C. Rogers, Garry TI Seismic wave triggering of nonvolcanic tremor, episodic tremor and slip, and earthquakes on Vancouver Island SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BENEATH; SUBDUCTION; STRESSES; JAPAN AB We explore the physical conditions that enable triggering of nonvolcanic tremor and earthquakes by considering local seismic activity on Vancouver Island, British Columbia during and immediately after the arrival of large-amplitude seismic waves from 30 teleseismic and 17 regional or local earthquakes. We identify tremor triggered by four of the teleseismic earthquakes. The close temporal and spatial proximity of triggered tremor to ambient tremor and aseismic slip indicates that when a fault is close to or undergoing failure, it is particularly susceptible to triggering of further events. The amplitude of the triggering waves also influences the likelihood of triggering both tremor and earthquakes such that large amplitude waves triggered tremor in the absence of detectable aseismic slip or ambient tremor. Tremor and energy radiated from regional/local earthquakes share the same frequency passband so that tremor cannot be identified during these smaller, more frequent events. We confidently identify triggered local earthquakes following only one teleseism, that with the largest amplitude, and four regional or local events that generated vigorous aftershock sequences in their immediate vicinity. Earthquakes tend to be triggered in regions different from tremor and with high ambient seismicity rates. We also note an interesting possible correlation between large teleseismic events and episodic tremor and slip (ETS) episodes, whereby ETS events that are "late" and have built up more stress than normal are susceptible to triggering by the slight nudge of the shaking from a large, distant event, while ETS events that are "early" or "on time" are not. C1 [Rubinstein, Justin L.; Vidale, John E.; Wech, Aaron G.; Creager, Kenneth C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kao, Honn; Rogers, Garry] Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. RP Rubinstein, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jl.rubinstein@usgs.gov RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011; OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X; Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 NR 45 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 19 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B00A01 DI 10.1029/2008JB005875 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 410YN UT WOS:000263614300002 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Horne, JS Garton, EO AF Scott, J. Michael Horne, Jon S. Garton, Edward O. TI Protecting the Hawaii akepa population SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Scott, J. Michael; Horne, Jon S.; Garton, Edward O.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mscott@uidaho.edu NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 19 PY 2009 VL 457 IS 7232 BP 956 EP 956 DI 10.1038/457956b PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 408HF UT WOS:000263425400014 PM 19225496 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM Kamp, LW Lopes, RMC Matson, DL Kirk, RL Hapke, BW Wall, SD Boryta, MD Leader, FE Smythe, WD Mitchell, KL Baines, KH Jaumann, R Sotin, C Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Lunine, JI Combes, M Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Coradini, A Formisano, V Filacchione, G Langevin, Y McCord, TB Mennella, V Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Irwin, PGJ Pearl, JC AF Nelson, Robert M. Kamp, Lucas W. Lopes, Rosaly M. C. Matson, Dennis L. Kirk, Randolph L. Hapke, Bruce W. Wall, Stephen D. Boryta, Mark D. Leader, Frank E. Smythe, William D. Mitchell, Karl L. Baines, Kevin H. Jaumann, Ralf Sotin, Christophe Clark, Roger N. Cruikshank, Dale P. Drossart, Pierre Lunine, Jonathan I. Combes, Michel Bellucci, Giancarlo Bibring, Jean-Pierre Capaccioni, Fabrizio Cerroni, Pricilla Coradini, Angioletta Formisano, Vittorio Filacchione, Gianrico Langevin, Yves McCord, Thomas B. Mennella, Vito Nicholson, Phillip D. Sicardy, Bruno Irwin, Patrick G. J. Pearl, John C. TI Photometric changes on Saturn's Titan: Evidence for active cryovolcanism SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB We report infrared spectrophotometric variability on the surface of Saturn's moon Titan detected in images returned by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini Saturn Orbiter. The changes were observed at 7 degrees S, 138 degrees W and occurred between October 27, 2005 and January 15, 2006. After that date the surface was unchanged until the most recent observation, March 18, 2006. We previously reported spectrophotometric variability at another location (26 degrees S, 78 degrees W). Cassini Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) images find that the surface morphology at both locations is consistent with surface flows possibly resulting from cryovolcanic activity (Wall et al., companion paper, this issue). The VIMS-reported time variability and SAR morphology results suggest that Titan currently exhibits intermittent surface changes consistent with present ongoing surface processes. We suggest that these processes involve material from Titan's interior being extruded or effused and deposited on the surface, as might be expected from cryovolcanism. Citation: Nelson, R. M., et al. (2009), Photometric changes on Saturn's Titan: Evidence for active cryovolcanism, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L04202, doi:10.1029/2008GL036206. C1 [Nelson, Robert M.; Kamp, Lucas W.; Lopes, Rosaly M. C.; Matson, Dennis L.; Wall, Stephen D.; Leader, Frank E.; Smythe, William D.; Mitchell, Karl L.; Baines, Kevin H.; Sotin, Christophe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves] Univ Paris Sud Orsay, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Boryta, Mark D.] Mt San Antonio Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Astron, Walnut, CA 91789 USA. [Combes, Michel] Observ Paris, Dept Rech Spatiale, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Drossart, Pierre; Sicardy, Bruno] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Hapke, Bruce W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Irwin, Patrick G. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Jaumann, Ralf] DLR, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lunine, Jonathan I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McCord, Thomas B.] Space Sci Inst, Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Mennella, Vito] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, Inst Nazl Astrofis, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Nicholson, Phillip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pearl, John C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nelson, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.m.nelson@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Irwin, Patrick/0000-0002-6772-384X FU NASA FX This work done at JPL, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L04202 DI 10.1029/2008GL036206 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 410XG UT WOS:000263611000001 ER PT J AU Wankel, SD Kendall, C Paytan, A AF Wankel, Scott D. Kendall, Carol Paytan, Adina TI Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (delta N-15 and delta O-18) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC NITROGEN; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FRESH-WATER; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; DENITRIFICATION; OXYGEN; NITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; FRACTIONATION AB Nitrate (NO3-) concentrations and dual isotopic composition (delta N-15 and delta O-18) were measured during various seasons and tidal conditions in Elkhorn Slough to evaluate mixing of sources of NO3- within this California estuary. We found the isotopic composition of NO3- was influenced most heavily by mixing of two primary sources with unique isotopic signatures, a marine (Monterey Bay) and terrestrial agricultural runoff source (Old Salinas River). However, our attempt to use a simple two end-member mixing model to calculate the relative contribution of these two NO3- sources to the Slough was complicated by periods of nonconservative behavior and/or the presence of additional sources, particularly during the dry season when NO3- concentrations were low. Although multiple linear regression generally yielded good fits to the observed data, deviations from conservative mixing were still evident. After consideration of potential alternative sources, we concluded that deviations from two end-member mixing were most likely derived from interactions with marsh sediments in regions of the Slough where high rates of NO3- uptake and nitrification result in NO3- with low delta N-15 and high delta O-18 values. A simple steady state dual isotope model is used to illustrate the impact of cycling processes in an estuarine setting which may play a primary role in controlling NO3- isotopic composition when and where cycling rates and water residence times are high. This work expands our understanding of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes as biogeochemical tools for investigating NO3- sources and cycling in estuaries, emphasizing the role that cycling processes may play in altering isotopic composition. C1 [Wankel, Scott D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Wankel, SD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, 16 Divin Ave,Room 3092, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM swankel@oeb.harvard.edu FU NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve-Elkhorn Slough graduate fellowship; USGS National Research Program; NSF [ECS-0308070] FX We would like to thank the staff of the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, especially Kerstin Wasson and John Haskins for their input and support. Numerous people helped with the fieldwork over the course of this project, but particularly important assistance was provided by Guarav Misra, Katie Roberts, Becca Glatz, and Alyson Santoro, as well as the Moss Landing Marine Laboratory-Marine Operations staff. Nick Nidzieko and Joe Needoba were responsible for orchestrating the cross-channel sampling campaigns and were especially helpful research partners as we all sought to understand the dynamics of the Slough through a collective perspective. Steve Silva, Bryan Bemis, and Dan Doctor all provided periodic input into isotopic analysis and interpretation. Finally we would like to thank Nathaniel Ostrom and two anonymous reviewers for the careful and thoughtful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for S.D.W. was provided by a NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve-Elkhorn Slough graduate fellowship. Support for C.K. was provided in part by the USGS National Research Program and for A.P. by NSF grant ECS-0308070. NR 76 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G01011 DI 10.1029/2008JG000729 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 410XX UT WOS:000263612700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, CK Tinker, MT Estes, JA Conrad, PA Staedler, M Miller, MA Jessup, DA Mazet, JAK AF Johnson, Christine K. Tinker, Martin T. Estes, James A. Conrad, Patricia A. Staedler, Michelle Miller, Melissa A. Jessup, David A. Mazet, Jonna A. K. TI Prey choice and habitat use drive sea otter pathogen exposure in a resource-limited coastal system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris nereis; Sarcocystis neurona; Toxoplasma gondii; diet specialization; wildlife disease ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; MAMMALS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ABUNDANCE; PARASITES; PATTERNS; RUNOFF AB The processes promoting disease in wild animal populations are highly complex, yet identifying these processes is critically important for conservation when disease is limiting a population. By combining field studies with epidemiologic tools, we evaluated the relationship between key factors impeding southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) population growth: disease and resource limitation. This threatened population has struggled to recover despite protection, so we followed radio-tagged sea otters and evaluated infection with 2 disease-causing protozoal pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona, to reveal risks that increased the likelihood of pathogen exposure. We identified patterns of pathogen infection that are linked to individual animal behavior, prey choice, and habitat use. We detected a high-risk spatial cluster of S. neurona infections in otters with home ranges in southern Monterey Bay and a coastal segment near San Simeon and Cambria where otters had high levels of infection with T. gondii. We found that otters feeding on abalone, which is the preferred prey in a resource-abundant marine ecosystem, had a very low risk of infection with either pathogen, whereas otters consuming small marine snails were more likely to be infected with T. gondii. Individual dietary specialization in sea otters is an adaptive mechanism for coping with limited food resources along central coastal California. High levels of infection with protozoal pathogens may be an adverse consequence of dietary specialization in this threatened species, with both depleted resources and disease working synergistically to limit recovery. C1 [Johnson, Christine K.; Conrad, Patricia A.; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tinker, Martin T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Staedler, Michelle] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Sea Otter Res & Conservat, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Miller, Melissa A.; Jessup, David A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Johnson, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ckjohnson@ucdavis.edu; tinker@biology.ucsc.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012 FU U. S. Geological Survey's Western Ecological Research Center; California Department of Fish and Game's Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center and Resource Assessment Program; Monterey Bay Aquarium; National Science Foundation [0525765]; Minerals Management Agency Grant FX This work was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Ecological Research Center, California Department of Fish and Game's Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center and Resource Assessment Program, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Minerals Management Agency Grant, and National Science Foundation Grant 0525765. NR 33 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 75 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 17 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 7 BP 2242 EP 2247 DI 10.1073/pnas.0806449106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 409OQ UT WOS:000263516100031 PM 19164513 ER PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, Robert A. Anderson, Alan J. Bassett, William A. Chou, I-Ming TI The structure and stability of aqueous rare-earth elements in hydrothermal fluids: New results on neodymium(III) aqua and chloroaqua complexes in aqueous solutions to 500 degrees C and 520 MPa SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption; High pressure; Neodymium chloride complexes; Rare earth elements; Diamond anvil cell; Structure of solutions ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; IONS; XAFS; DIFFRACTION; LANTHANIDE; HYDRATION; YTTRIUM; 300-DEGREES-C AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements were made at the Nd L-3-edge on neodymium(III) aqua and chloroaqua complexes in low pH aqueous solutions from 25 to 500 degrees C and up to 520 MPa. Analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure of the XAS spectra measured from a 0.07 m Nd/0.16 m HNO3 aqueous solution reveals a contraction of the Nd-O distance of the Nd3+ aqua ion at a uniform rate of similar to 0.013 angstrom/100 degrees C and a uniform reduction of the number of coordinated H2O molecules from 10.0 +/- 0.9 to 7.4 +/- 0.9 over the range from 25 to 500 degrees C and up to 370 MPa. The rate of reduction of the first-shell water molecules with temperature for Nd3+ (26%) is intermediate between the rate for the Gd3+ aqua ion (22% from 25 to 500 degrees C) and the rates for the Eu3+ (29% from 25 to 400 degrees C) and the Yb3+ aqua ions (42% from 25 to 500 degrees C) indicating an intermediate stability of the Nd3+ aqua ion consistent with the tetrad effect. Nd L-3-edge XAS measurements of 0.05 m NdCl3 aqueous solution at 25 to 500 degrees C and up to 520 MPa show that stepwise inner-sphere complexes most likely of the type Nd(H2O)(delta-n)Cl-n(+3-n) occur in the solution at elevated temperatures, where delta approximate to 9 at 150 degrees C decreasing to similar to 6 at 500 degrees C and the number of chloride ions (n) of the chloroaqua complexes increases uniformly with temperature from 1.2 +/- 0.2 to 2.0 +/- 0.2 in the solution upon increase of temperature from 150 to 500 degrees C. Conversely, the number of H2O ligands of Nd(H2O)(delta-n)Cl-n(+3-n) complexes is uniformly reduced with temperature from 7.5 +/- 0.8 to 3.7 +/- 0.3 in the aqueous solution, in the same temperature range. These data show greater stability of neodymium(III) than gadolinium(III) and ytterbium(III) chloride complexes in low pH aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures. Our data suggest a greater stability of aqueous light REE than that of heavy REE chloride complexes in low pH fluids at elevated temperatures consistent with REE analysis of fluids from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mayanovic, Robert A.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Anderson, Alan J.] St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. [Bassett, William A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mayanovic, RA (reprint author), Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM robertimayanovic@missouristate.edu FU NSF [EAR-0337338]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Major Facility Access Grant; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38, DE-FG03-97ER45628] FX We wish to thank Steve Heald and others at PNC/XOR beam line and Robert Gordon of Simon Fraser University for assistance with our experiments at the Advanced Photon Source. Funding for this research was provided by the NSF EAR-0337338 grant to R.A.M. We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for funding this research through a discovery grant to AJ.A. and through a Major Facility Access Grant. The U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38 and DE-FG03-97ER45628 (PNC/XOR) supported the use of the Advanced Photon Source. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purpose only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Scott Wood and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews of the manuscript. We also thank Andrew Berry for his editorial work on the manuscript. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.011 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 419XJ UT WOS:000264252700005 ER PT J AU Mibe, K Chou, IM Anderson, AJ Mayanovic, RA Bassett, WA AF Mibe, Kenji Chou, I-Ming Anderson, Alan J. Mayanovic, Robert A. Bassett, William A. TI The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to 500 degrees C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; High pressure; Zinc(II) bromide complexes; Hydrothermal; Diamond anvil cell; Structure of solutions ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; FLUID INCLUSIONS; CHLORIDE; COMPLEXES; XAFS; 350-DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURE; SOLUBILITY AB A Raman spectral study was carried out on 3 solutions of varying concentration and bromide/zinc ratios. Spectra were collected at 11 different temperature-pressure conditions ranging from ambient to 500 degrees C-0.9 GPa. Raman band assignments for zinc(II) bromide species reported in previous studies were used to determine the relative concentrations of ZnBr(4)(2-), ZnBr(3)(-), ZnBr(2), and ZnBr(+) species at various temperatures and pressures. Our results are in close agreement with X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) data, and confirm that the tetrabromo zinc(II) complex, ZnBr(4)(2-), is the predominant species up to 500 degrees C in solutions having high Zn concentrations (1 m) and high bromide/zinc molar ratios ([Br]/[Zn] = 8). In agreement with previous solubility and Raman spectroscopic experiments, our measurements indicate that species with a lower number of halide ligands and charge are favored with increasing temperature in dilute solutions, and solutions with low bromide/zinc ratios ([Br]/[Zn] <2.5). The Raman technique provides an independent experimental means of evaluating the quality of XAS analyses of data obtained from high temperature disordered systems. The combination of these two techniques provides complementary data on speciation and the structure of zinc(II) bromide complexes. The preponderance of the ZnBr(4)(2-) species in highly saline brines at high temperature is consistent with the predominance of ZnCl(4)(2-) in chloride-rich brines reported in previous XAS studies. Knowledge of Zn complexing in metal-rich highly saline brines is important for numerical models of ore deposition in high temperature systems such as skarns and porphyry-type deposits. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mibe, Kenji] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Mibe, Kenji; Bassett, William A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Anderson, Alan J.] St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. [Mayanovic, Robert A.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Mibe, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. EM mibe@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); JSPS FX We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for funding this research through a grant to AJ.A. We also thank R. C. Burruss and Y. Song for their support in the Raman measurements. The comments by two anonymous reviewers improved our manuscript significantly. This study was supported by the JSPS postdoctoral fellowships for research abroad. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purpose only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.014 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 419XJ UT WOS:000264252700007 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Fuller, CC Marcus, MA Brearley, AJ De la Rosa, MP Webb, SM Caldwell, WA AF Bargar, John R. Fuller, Christopher C. Marcus, Matthew A. Brearley, Adrian J. De la Rosa, M. Perez Webb, Samuel M. Caldwell, Wendel A. TI Structural characterization of terrestrial microbial Mn oxides from Pinal Creek, AZ SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES; MARINE BACILLUS SP.; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; STRAIN SG-1; HEXAGONAL-BIRNESSITE; NATURAL SPECIATION; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; MN(II) OXIDATION; HYPORHEIC ZONE; ARIZONA AB The microbial catalysis of Mn(II) oxidation is believed to be a dominant source of abundant sorption- and redox-active Mn oxides in marine, freshwater, and subsurface aquatic environments. In spite of their importance, environmental oxides of known biogenic origin have generally not been characterized in detail from a structural perspective. Hyporheic zone Mn oxide grain coatings at Pinal Creek, Arizona, a metals-contaminated stream, have been identified as being dominantly microbial in origin and are well studied from bulk chemistry and contaminant hydrology perspectives. This site thus presents an excellent opportunity to study the structures of terrestrial microbial Mn oxides in detail. XRD and EXAFS measurements performed in this study indicate that the hydrated Pinal Creek Mn oxide grain coatings are layer-type Mn oxides with dominantly hexagonal or pseudo-hexagonal layer symmetry. XRD and TEM measurements suggest the oxides to be nanoparticulate plates with average dimensions on the order of 11 nm thick x 35 nm diameter, but with individual particles exhibiting thickness as small as a single layer and sheets as wide as 500 nm. The hydrated oxides exhibit a 10-angstrom basal-plane spacing and turbostratic disorder. EXAFS analyses Suggest the oxides contain layer Mn(IV) site vacancy defects, and layer Mn(III) is inferred to be present, as deduced from Jahn Teller distortion of the local structure. The physical geometry and structural details of the coatings suggest formation within microbial biofilms. The biogenic Mn oxides are stable with respect to transformation into thermodynamically more stable phases over a time scale of at least 5 months. The nanoparticulate layered structural motif, also observed in pure culture laboratory studies, appears to be characteristic of biogenic Mn oxides and may explain the common occurrence of this mineral habit in soils and sediments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bargar, John R.; De la Rosa, M. Perez; Webb, Samuel M.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Marcus, Matthew A.; Caldwell, Wendel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brearley, Adrian J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,Bldg 137,MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC03-76SF00515, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF-CRAEMS [CHE-0089208]; US Geological Survey Toxics Substance Hydrology Research Program; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program; NASA; National Science Foundation through the National Nanoscience Infrastructure Network (NNIN); state of New Mexico FX We thank Apurva Mehta, Brian Valek, and Nobmichi Tamura for their helpful discussions and support regarding microdiffraction measurements and data analysis. We thank A. Condon and M. Conklin for providing samples from sites SIQ and AK-1. Discussions with and field support from Jud Harvey, M. Conklin and P. O'Day and their students were beneficial throughout this study. We also thank D. Kent, Y. Arai, and three anonymous reviewers for their many helpful comments. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (SLAC Contract DE-AC03-76SF00515), by NSF-CRAEMS Grant to Bargar (CHE-0089208), and by the US Geological Survey Toxics Substance Hydrology Research Program to Fuller. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. The operations of the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Transmission electron microscopy performed at the University of New Mexico was carried out in the Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory, a facility supported by funds from NASA, National Science Foundation through the National Nanoscience Infrastructure Network (NNIN) and the state of New Mexico. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 889 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.036 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 411FE UT WOS:000263633300002 ER PT J AU Madej, MA Sutherland, DG Lisle, TE Pryor, B AF Madej, Mary Ann Sutherland, Diane G. Lisle, Thomas E. Pryor, Bonnie TI Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Storage; Flume; Aggradation; Degradation ID GRAVEL-BED RIVER; HETEROGENEOUS SEDIMENT; ALLUVIAL CHANNEL; BEDLOAD SHEETS; TRANSPORT; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; WAVE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; AGGRADATION AB At the reach scale, a channel adjusts to sediment supply and flow through mutual interactions among channel form, bed particle size, and flow dynamics that govern river bed mobility. Sediment can impair the beneficial uses of a river, but the timescales for studying recovery following high sediment loading in the field setting make flume experiments appealing. We use a flume experiment, coupled with field measurements in a gravel-bed river, to explore sediment transport, storage, and mobility relations under various sediment supply conditions. Our flume experiment modeled adjustments of channel morphology, slope, and armoring in a gravel-bed channel. Under moderate sediment increases, channel bed elevation increased and sediment output increased, but channel planform remained similar to pre-feed conditions. During the following degradational cycle, most of the excess sediment was evacuated from the flume and the bed became armored. Under high sediment feed, channel bed elevation increased, the bed became smoother, mid-channel bars and bedload sheets formed, and water surface slope increased. Concurrently, output increased and became more poorly sorted. During the last degradational cycle, the channel became armored and channel incision ceased before all excess sediment was removed. Selective transport of finer material was evident throughout the aggradational cycles and became more pronounced during degradational cycles as the bed became armored. Our flume results of changes in bed elevation, sediment storage, channel morphology, and bed texture parallel those from field surveys of Redwood Creek, northern California, which has exhibited channel bed degradation for 30 years following a large aggradation event in the 1970s. The flume experiment suggested that channel recovery in terms of reestablishing a specific morphology may not occur, but the channel may return to a state of balancing sediment supply and transport capacity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Madej, Mary Ann] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Sutherland, Diane G.; Lisle, Thomas E.; Pryor, Bonnie] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Madej, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov; dsutherland@fs.fed.us; tel7001@humboldt.edu; bonnie@northernhydrology.com OI Pryor, Bonnie/0000-0002-4396-1739 NR 55 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 4 BP 507 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.07.017 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 399NT UT WOS:000262807300001 ER PT J AU Fotherby, LM AF Fotherby, Lisa M. TI Valley confinement as a factor of braided river pattern for the Platte River SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Valley confinement; River pattern; Channel pattern continuum; Platte River; Braided; Anastomosed ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; ADJUSTMENT; NEBRASKA AB The Platte River in Nebraska has evolved in the twentieth century from a predominantly braided river pattern to a melange of meandering, wandering, anastomosed, island braided, and fully braided reaches. Identifying the factors that determine the occurrence of a fully braided main channel was the objective of this study. Aerial photography, gage flow data, ground-surveyed cross sections, bed material samples, and the results of sediment transport modeling were used to examine factors that control spatial change in main river pattern of the central Platte River. Valley confinement is identified as the determining factor of braided river in nine of eleven divisions of the central Platte River. Flow reduction and the interruption of sediment supply are identified as determining factors preventing fully braided river in the remaining two of eleven reaches. Valley confinement, the topography which limits the width of the floodplain, was initially measured as width between historical banks (predevelopment river banks). This metric was later refined to width between confining features (historical banks, remnant bars, bridge abutments, protected banks and levees). Under existing conditions, the main channel of the central Platte River is fully braided when valley confinement (width between confining features) is 600 m or less and begins to divide into the multiple channels of an anastomosed pattern when valley confinement (width between confining features) exceeds 600 m When Platte River flow is divided between two to four major anabranches, a fully braided pattern in the main channel of the main anabranch requires a more confined valley of 400 m or less. Valley confinement is demonstrated to be the dominant factor in determining river pattern in the central Platte River, although this factor is not normally considered in the continuum of channel pattern model. Conclusions from this study can be used to increase the occurrence of fully braided main channel in the central Platte River, to aid habitat recovery for endangered or threatened bird species that favor this river pattern. Consideration of valley confinement with river continuum factors can aid river managers by improving predictions of river pattern in response to management actions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Sedimentat & River Hydraul Grp, Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fotherby, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Sedimentat & River Hydraul Grp, Bur Reclamat, POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lfotherby@do.usbr.gov FU U.S. Department of Interior; Platte River Environmental Impact Statement Office FX My thanks go to Elaina Holburn (Reclamation) for her contributions to the analysis, and to Joyce Lewellan and Jan Thompson (Reclamation) for drawings. Additional thanks to Timothy Randle (Reclamation), Curtis Brown (Reclamation) and Mark Butler (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for early discussions and support of this effort. Initial studies were funded by the U.S. Department of Interior, Platte River Environmental Impact Statement Office. Final thanks go to three reviewers for their constructive comments that have improved this paper. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 4 BP 562 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.08.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 399NT UT WOS:000262807300006 ER PT J AU Lee, J Graettinger, AJ Moylan, J Reeves, HW AF Lee, Jejung Graettinger, Andrew J. Moylan, John Reeves, Howard W. TI Directed site exploration for permeable reactive barrier design SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Permeable reactive barrier; Site exploration; Uncertainty analysis ID SAMPLING DESIGN; GROUNDWATER; UNCERTAINTY; PERFORMANCE; FLOW AB Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are being employed for in situ site rennediation of groundwater that is typically flowing under natural gradients. Site characterization is of critical importance to the success of a PRB. A design-specific site exploration approach called quantitatively directed exploration (QDE) is presented. The QDE approach employs three spatially related matrices: (1) covariance of input parameters, (2) sensitivity of model outputs. and (3) covariance of model outputs to identify the most important location to explore based on a specific design. Sampling at the location that most reduces overall site uncertainty produces a higher probability of success of a particular design. The QDE approach is demonstrated on the Kansas City Plant, Kansas City, MO, a case study where a PRB was installed and failed. It is shown that additional quantitatively directed site exploration during the design phase could have prevented the remedial failure that was caused by missing a geologic body having high hydraulic conductivity at the south end of the barrier. The most contributing input parameter approach using head uncertainty clearly indicated where the next sampling should be made toward the high hydraulic conductivity zone. This case study demonstrates the need to include the specific design as well as site characterization uncertainty when choosing the sampling locations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jejung] Univ Missouri, Dept Geosci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Graettinger, Andrew J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Reeves, Howard W.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geosci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM leej@umkc.edu; andrewg@eng.ua.edu; john_moylan@sbcglobal.net; hwreeves@usgs.gov OI Reeves, Howard/0000-0001-8057-2081 FU Faculty Research Grant from the University of Missouri at Kansas City FX This work was funded by a Faculty Research Grant from the University of Missouri at Kansas City.We thank anonymous reviewers and the editor handling the manuscript for their constructive remarks. The work has not been subjected to USGS review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of USGS and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 162 IS 1 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404KC UT WOS:000263149400028 PM 18573602 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Mckeon, C Gerhart, V Nagler, PL Jordan, F Artiola, J AF Glenn, Edward P. Mckeon, Casey Gerhart, Vanda Nagler, Pamela L. Jordan, Fiona Artiola, Janick TI Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Salinity; Brine disposal; Atriplex; water reuse; water treatment ID SALT-TOLERANT FORAGES; ATRIPLEX-LENTIFORMIS; SOIL-SALINITY; GROUND-WATER; CROPS; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; SHRUBS; TURF; PRECIPITATION AB Saline waste waters from industrial and water treatment processes are an under-utilized resource in desert urban environments. Management practices to safely use these water sources are still in development. We used a deeprooted native halophyte, Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush), to absorb mildly saline effluent (1800mg l(-1) total dissolved solids, mainly sodium sulfate) from a water treatment plant in the desert community of Twentynine Palms, California. We developed a deficit irrigation strategy to avoid discharging water past the root zone to the aquifer. The plants were irrigated at about one-third the rate of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated from meteorological data over five years and soil moisture levels were monitored to a soil depth of 4.7 m at monthly intervals with a neutron hydroprobe. The deficit irrigation schedule maintained the soil below field capacity throughout the study. Water was presented on a more or less constant schedule, so that the application rates were less than ET, in summer and equal to or slightly greater than ET, in winter, but the plants were able to consume water stored in the profile in winter to support summer ET. Sodium salts gradually increased in the soil profile over the study but sulfate levels remained low, due to formation of gypsum in the calcic soil. The high salt tolerance, deep roots, and drought tolerance of desert halophytes such as A. lentiformis lend these plants to use as deficit-irrigated landscape plants for disposal of effluents in urban setting when protection of the aquifer is important. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Glenn, Edward P.; Mckeon, Casey; Gerhart, Vanda; Jordan, Fiona; Artiola, Janick] Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu; Casey.Mckeon@resolutioncopper.com; vanda.gerhart@yahoo.com; pnagler@ag.arizona.edu; Fiona_Jordan@golder.com; jartiola@ag.arizona.edu FU Twentynine Palms Water District, CA FX This work was supported by the Twentynine Palms Water District, CA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 410LP UT WOS:000263579000001 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Arp, CD Jorgenson, MT Hinkel, KM Schmutz, JA Flint, PL AF Jones, B. M. Arp, C. D. Jorgenson, M. T. Hinkel, K. M. Schmutz, J. A. Flint, P. L. TI Increase in the rate and uniformity of coastline erosion in Arctic Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THAW LAKE BASINS; COASTAL EROSION; BEAUFORT SEA; CANADA; BARROW AB Analysis of a 60 km segment of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast using a time-series of aerial photography revealed that mean annual erosion rates increased from 6.8 m a(-1) ( 1955 to 1979), to 8.7 m a(-1) ( 1979 to 2002), to 13.6 m a(-1) ( 2002 to 2007). We also observed that spatial patterns of erosion have become more uniform across shoreline types with different degrees of ice-richness. Further, during the remainder of the 2007 ice-free season 25 m of erosion occurred locally, in the absence of a westerly storm event. Concurrent arctic changes potentially responsible for this shift in the rate and pattern of land loss include declining sea ice extent, increasing summertime sea surface temperature, rising sea-level, and increases in storm power and corresponding wave action. Taken together, these factors may be leading to a new regime of ocean-land interactions that are repositioning and reshaping the Arctic coastline. Citation: Jones, B. M., C. D. Arp, M. T. Jorgenson, K. M. Hinkel, J. A. Schmutz, and P. L. Flint ( 2009), Increase in the rate and uniformity of coastline erosion in Arctic Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03503, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036205. C1 [Jones, B. M.; Arp, C. D.; Schmutz, J. A.; Flint, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hinkel, K. M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Jorgenson, M. T.] ABR Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 410 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center FX We thank D. V. Derksen, C. J. Markon, and R. A. Beck for their contributions to the research; K. Bollinger, H. Wilson, and R. MacDonald for field assistance and logistical support; and T. Ravens, C. Ely, D. Douglas, L. Gaydos, L. Hollands-Bartels, J. Brown, and one anonymous reviewer for their careful and critical reviews. Research funding was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. NR 23 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L03503 DI 10.1029/2008GL036205 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 406XT UT WOS:000263328900002 ER PT J AU Thompson, BD Young, RP Lockner, DA AF Thompson, B. D. Young, R. P. Lockner, D. A. TI Premonitory acoustic emissions and stick-slip in natural and smooth-faulted Westerly granite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID APPARENT STRESS; MOMENT TENSOR; FRICTION; RUPTURE; MECHANICS; ROCK; LOCALIZATION; EARTHQUAKES; NUCLEATION; INVERSION AB A stick-slip event was induced in a cylindrical sample of Westerly granite containing a preexisting natural fault by loading at constant confining pressure of 150 MPa. Continuously recorded acoustic emission (AE) data and computer tomography (CT)-generated images of the fault plane were combined to provide a detailed examination of microscale processes operating on the fault. The dynamic stick-slip event, considered to be a laboratory analog of an earthquake, generated an ultrasonic signal that was recorded as a large-amplitude AE event. First arrivals of this event were inverted to determine the nucleation site of slip, which is associated with a geometric asperity on the fault surface. CT images and AE locations suggest that a variety of asperities existed in the sample because of the intersection of branch or splay faults with the main fault. This experiment is compared with a stick-slip experiment on a sample prepared with a smooth, artificial saw-cut fault surface. Nearly a thousand times more AE were observed for the natural fault, which has a higher friction coefficient (0.78 compared to 0.53) and larger shear stress drop (140 compared to 68 MPa). However at the measured resolution, the ultrasonic signal emitted during slip initiation does not vary significantly between the two experiments, suggesting a similar dynamic rupture process. We propose that the natural faulted sample under triaxial compression provides a good laboratory analogue for a field-scale fault system in terms of the presence of asperities, fault surface heterogeneity, and interaction of branching faults. C1 [Thompson, B. D.; Young, R. P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Lassonde Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3E3, Canada. [Lockner, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thompson, BD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Lassonde Inst, 170 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E3, Canada. EM ben.thompson@utoronto.ca NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 13 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B02205 DI 10.1029/2008JB005753 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 406YN UT WOS:000263330900003 ER PT J AU Cornwall, C Titus, TN AF Cornwall, C. Titus, T. N. TI Spatial and temporal distributions of Martian north polar cold spots before, during, and after the global dust storm of 2001 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; CO2 ICE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SEASONAL CAPS; MARS; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURES; SURVEYOR; SURFACE; CLOUDS AB In the 1970s, Mariner and Viking observed features in the Mars northern polar region that were a few hundred kilometers in diameter with 20 mm brightness temperatures as low as 130 K (considerably below CO(2) ice sublimation temperatures). Over the past decade, studies have shown that these areas (commonly called "cold spots") are usually due to emissivity effects of frost deposits and occasionally to active CO(2) snowstorms. Three Mars years of Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer data were used to observe autumn and wintertime cold spot activity within the polar regions. Many cold spots formed on or near scarps of the perennial cap, probably induced by adiabatic cooling due to orographic lifting. These topographically associated cold spots were often smaller than those that were not associated with topography. We determined that initial grain sizes within the cold spots were on the order of a few millimeters, assuming the snow was uncontaminated by dust or water ice. On average, the half-life of the cold spots was 5 Julian days. The Mars global dust storm in 2001 significantly affected cold spot activity in the north polar region. Though overall perennial cap cold spot activity seemed unaffected, the distribution of cold spots did change by a decrease in the number of topographically associated cold spots and an increase in those not associated with topography. We propose that the global dust storm affected the processes that form cold spots and discuss how the global dust storm may have affected these processes. C1 [Cornwall, C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Titus, T. N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Cornwall, C (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cc269@nau.edu FU NASA FX We would like to thank Francois Forget and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. We would also like to thank Tom Stone, Wendy Jaeger, Janet Richie, and Jennifer Blue for their comments on the manuscript. This study was partially funded by the NASA Space Grant Program. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 12 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E02003 DI 10.1029/2008JE003243 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 406YL UT WOS:000263330700003 ER PT J AU Gill, RE Tibbitts, TL Douglas, DC Handel, CM Mulcahy, DM Gottschalck, JC Warnock, N McCaffery, BJ Battley, PF Piersma, T AF Gill, Robert E., Jr. Tibbitts, T. Lee Douglas, David C. Handel, Colleen M. Mulcahy, Daniel M. Gottschalck, Jon C. Warnock, Nils McCaffery, Brian J. Battley, Philip F. Piersma, Theunis TI Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: ecological corridor rather than barrier? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bar-tailed godwit; satellite telemetry; endurance exercise; migration; climate change; weather ID BAR-TAILED GODWITS; BIRD MIGRATION; IMMUNE DEFENSE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; STORM TRACKS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; AVIAN MIGRATION; NONSTOP FLIGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Mountain ranges, deserts, ice fields and oceans generally act as barriers to the movement of land-dependent animals, often profoundly shaping migration routes. We used satellite telemetry to track the southward flights of bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri), shorebirds whose breeding and non-breeding areas are separated by the vast central Pacific Ocean. Seven females with surgically implanted transmitters flew non-stop 8117-11 680 km (10 153 +/- 1043 s.d.) directly across the Pacific Ocean; two males with external transmitters flew non-stop along the same corridor for 7008-7390 km. Flight duration ranged from 6.0 to 9.4 days (7.8 +/- 1.3 s.d.) for birds with implants and 5.0 to 6.6 days for birds with externally attached transmitters. These extraordinary non-stop flights establish new extremes for avian flight performance, have profound implications for understanding the physiological capabilities of vertebrates and how birds navigate, and challenge current physiological paradigms on topics such as sleep, dehydration and phenotypic flexibility. Predicted changes in climatic systems may affect survival rates if weather conditions at their departure hub or along the migration corridor should change. We propose that this transoceanic route may function as an ecological corridor rather than a barrier, providing a wind-assisted passage relatively free of pathogens and predators. C1 [Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Tibbitts, T. Lee; Handel, Colleen M.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Douglas, David C.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Gottschalck, Jon C.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Warnock, Nils] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Battley, Philip F.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Piersma, Theunis] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Texel, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Anim Ecol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. RP Gill, RE (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM robert_gill@usgs.gov RI Piersma, Theunis/D-1871-2012; OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; avian influenza surveillance monitoring programmes of the US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research FX We thank J. Conklin, W. Cook, M. Green, P. Gower, I. Hutzler, S. Lovibond, J. Melville, G. Vaughan and K. Woodley for field assistance. The expertise of M. Dementyev, T. Habraken, D. Melville, A. Riegen, R. Schuckard and P. Tomkovich was useful in capturing birds. The Miranda Shorebird Centre (K. Woodley), R. Schuckard and D. Melville hosted the New Zealand portion of the study. The Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge helped with accommodation and logistics in Alaska. P. Howey and the staff at Microwave Telemetry, Inc., provided valuable technical consultation. G. Hufford (Research Meteorologist, NOAA/National Weather Service) and S. McGree (Fiji Meteorological Service) were most helpful in providing information on climatology and meteorology of the North and South Pacific. A. Dekinga, R. Pyle and D. Melville kindly shared insights into godwits in Alaska, Hawaii and New Zealand. Capture and handling of birds in Alaska were done under USGS permit 20022; and that in New Zealand under New Zealand permits 2007/12 and 2007/38, issued to A. Riegen and R. Schuckard, respectively. T. Alerstam, H. Schmaljohann, D. Derksen, J. Hupp, M. Klaassen, R. Lanctot and R. Kirby made useful comments on earlier versions of the paper. This study was supported by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation (through S. Senner), the avian influenza surveillance monitoring programmes of the US Geological Survey (D. Derksen, S. Haseltine) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (D. Rocque, K. Trust), and a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) to M. Klaassen and T. P. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 88 TC 185 Z9 199 U1 12 U2 97 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2009 VL 276 IS 1656 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.1142 PG 11 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 388EF UT WOS:000262002400007 PM 18974033 ER PT J AU Stephenson, WJ Hartzell, S Frankel, AD Asten, M Carver, DL Kim, WY AF Stephenson, W. J. Hartzell, S. Frankel, A. D. Asten, M. Carver, D. L. Kim, W. Y. TI Site characterization for urban seismic hazards in lower Manhattan, New York City, from microtremor array analysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RATIO AB We characterize the shear-wave velocity (Vs) of soil deposits in lower Manhattan at six sites using the SPAC and HVSR microtremor methods. The soil Vs ranges from 140 m/s to 300 m/s over bedrock. We believe that bedrock depth is constrained to +/- 15% with these microtremor data, but an accurate quantification of bedrock Vs is unattainable because of low spectral coherency at frequencies below 3 Hz. HVSR data corroborate the SPAC microtremor results at sites based on good alignment of theoretical Rayleigh ellipticity peaks, 1D SH amplifications, and peak HVSR. Resonant frequencies vary between 1.4 and 5.5 Hz between the sites from both observed HVSR and predicted 1D SH amplification. Shear-wave velocities to 30 m classify the sites as C, D, or E. This study demonstrates that given relatively shallow bedrock depth the SPAC method can work in extremely urbanized areas. Citation: Stephenson, W. J., S. Hartzell, A. D. Frankel, M. Asten, D. L. Carver, and W. Y. Kim (2009), Site characterization for urban seismic hazards in lower Manhattan, New York City, from microtremor array analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03301, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036444. C1 [Stephenson, W. J.; Hartzell, S.; Frankel, A. D.; Carver, D. L.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. [Asten, M.] Monash Univ, Ctr Environm & Geotech Applicat Surface Waves, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Kim, W. Y.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Stephenson, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,POB 25046, Golden, CO 80225 USA. EM wstephens@usgs.gov OI asten, Michael/0000-0001-5511-2104 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L03301 DI 10.1029/2008GL036444 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 404SV UT WOS:000263174200006 ER PT J AU Sundareshwar, PV Richardson, CJ Gleason, RA Pellechia, PJ Honomichl, S AF Sundareshwar, P. V. Richardson, C. J. Gleason, Robert A. Pellechia, Perry J. Honomichl, Shawn TI Nature versus nurture: Functional assessment of restoration effects on wetland services using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P-31 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; EXTRACTION; MITIGATION; PHOSPHONATES; ECOSYSTEMS; MARSHES; MATTER; CARBON AB Land-use change has altered the ability of wetlands to provide vital services such as nutrient retention. While compensatory practices attempt to restore degraded wetlands and their functions, it is difficult to evaluate the recovery of soil biogeochemical functions that are critical for restoration of ecosystem services. Using solution (31)P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, we examined the chemical forms of phosphorus (P) in soils from wetlands located across a land-use gradient. We report that soil P diversity, a functional attribute, was lowest in farmland, and greatest in native wetlands. Soil P diversity increased with age of restoration, indicating restoration of biogeochemical function. The trend in soil P diversity was similar to documented trends in soil bacterial taxonomic composition but opposite that of soil bacterial diversity at our study sites. These findings provide insights into links between ecosystem structure and function and provide a tool for evaluating the success of ecosystem restoration efforts. Citation: Sundareshwar, P. V., C. J. Richardson, R. A. Gleason, P. J. Pellechia, and S. Honomichl (2009), Nature versus nurture: Functional assessment of restoration effects on wetland services using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03402, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036385. C1 [Sundareshwar, P. V.; Honomichl, Shawn] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Sundareshwar, P. V.; Richardson, C. J.] Duke Univ, Wetland Ctr, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gleason, Robert A.] Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Pellechia, Perry J.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Sundareshwar, PV (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, 501 East St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. FU Water Resources Research Institute in North Carolina; Duke Wetland Center Endowment; USGS; USDA NRCS FX We would like to thank Wyatt Hartman and Greg Bruland for their help with site selection and sample collection, Barbara Cade-Menun for her helpful technical comments, and J. T. Morris and M. Walbridge for colleague reviews as well as the two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by a grant to Sundareshwar and Richardson from the Water Resources Research Institute in North Carolina, Duke Wetland Center Endowment, USGS, and USDA NRCS funds. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L03402 DI 10.1029/2008GL036385 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 404SV UT WOS:000263174200005 ER PT J AU Stets, EG Striegl, RG Aiken, GR Rosenberry, DO Winter, TC AF Stets, Edward G. Striegl, Robert G. Aiken, George R. Rosenberry, Donald O. Winter, Thomas C. TI Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; CLOSED-BASIN LAKE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; CO2 EXCHANGE; WATER; BALANCE; CYCLE; C-13; SUPERSATURATION AB Freshwater lakes are an important component of the global carbon cycle through both organic carbon (OC) sequestration and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emission. Most lakes have a net annual loss of CO(2) to the atmosphere and substantial current evidence suggests that biologic mineralization of allochthonous OC maintains this flux. Because net CO(2) flux to the atmosphere implies net mineralization of OC within the lake ecosystem, it is also commonly assumed that net annual CO(2) emission indicates negative net ecosystem production (NEP). We explored the relationship between atmospheric CO(2) emission and NEP in two lakes known to have contrasting hydrologic characteristics and net CO(2) emission. We calculated NEP for calendar year 2004 using whole-lake OC and inorganic carbon (IC) budgets, NEP(OC) and NEP(IC), respectively, and compared the resulting values to measured annual CO(2) flux from the lakes. In both lakes, NEPOC and NEPIC were positive, indicating net autotrophy. Therefore CO(2) emission from these lakes was apparently not supported by mineralization of allochthonous organic material. In both lakes, hydrologic CO(2) inputs, as well as CO(2) evolved from net calcite precipitation, could account for the net CO(2) emission. NEP calculated from diel CO(2) measurements was also affected by hydrologic inputs of CO(2). These results indicate that CO(2) emission and positive NEP may coincide in lakes, especially in carbonate terrain, and that all potential geologic, biogeochemical, and hydrologic sources of CO(2) need to be accounted for when using CO(2) concentrations to infer lake NEP. C1 [Stets, Edward G.; Striegl, Robert G.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Striegl, Robert G.; Rosenberry, Donald O.; Winter, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Stets, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM estets@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU National Academies of Science Research Associate Program FX We thank Dallas Hudson for extensive field sampling and support and other participants in the USGS Shingobee Headwaters Aquatic Ecosystems Project. We also thank J. N. Houser, J. W. LaBaugh, and E. K. Hall for constructive feedback that helped improve this manuscript. Funding for this project was partially provided by the National Academies of Science Research Associate Program. NR 47 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB 5 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G01008 DI 10.1029/2008JG000783 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 404TM UT WOS:000263175900001 ER PT J AU Higley, DK Lewan, MD Roberts, LNR Henry, M AF Higley, Debra K. Lewan, Michael D. Roberts, Laura N. R. Henry, Mitchell TI Timing and petroleum sources for the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group oil sands of northern Alberta based on 4-D modeling SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WEST-CENTRAL ALBERTA; NORTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCKS; SIMPLE KINETIC-MODELS; PYROLYSIS EXPERIMENTS; ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY; GENERATION KINETICS; NORDEGG MEMBER; UINTA BASIN AB The Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group oil sands of northern 3 Alberta have an estimated 270.3 billion m (BCM) (1700 billion bbl) of in-place heavy oil and tar. Our study area includes oil sand accumulations and downdip areas that partially extend into the deformation zone in western Alberta. The oil sands are composed of highly biodegraded oil and tar, collectively referred to as bitumen, whose source remains controversial. This is addressed in our study with a four-dimensional (4-D) petroleum system model. The modeled primary trap for generated and migrated oil is subtle structures. A probable seal for the oil sands was a gradual updip removal of the lighter hydrocarbon fractions as migrated oil was progressively biodegraded. This is hypothetical because the modeling software did not include seals resulting from the biodegradation of oil. Although the 4-D model shows that source rocks ranging from the Devonian-Mississippian Exshaw Formation to the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group coals and Ostracode-zone-contributed oil to Mannville Group reservoirs, source rocks in the Jurassic Fernie Group (Gordondale Member and Poker Chip A shale) were the initial and major contributors. Kinetics associated with the type IIS kerogen in Fernie Group source rocks resulted in the early generation and expulsion of oil, as early as 85 Ma and prior to the generation from the type II kerogen of deeper and older source rocks. The modeled 50% peak transformation to oil was reached about 75 Ma for the Gordondale Member and Poker Chip A shale near the west margin of the study area, and prior to onset about 65 Ma from other source rocks. This early petroleum generation from the Fernie Group source rocks resulted in large volumes of generated oil, and prior to the Laramide uplift and onset of erosion (similar to 58 Ma), which curtailed oil generation from all source rocks. Oil generation from all source rocks ended by 40 Ma. Although the modeled study area did not include possible western contributions of generated oil to the oil sands, the amount generated by the Jurassic source rocks within the study area was 475 BCM (2990 billion bbl). C1 [Higley, Debra K.; Lewan, Michael D.; Roberts, Laura N. R.; Henry, Mitchell] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Higley, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM higley@usgs.gov; mlewan@usgs.gov; lroberts@usgs.gov NR 98 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 2 BP 203 EP 230 DI 10.1306/09150808060 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 408RT UT WOS:000263453300003 ER PT J AU Breuer, L Huisman, JA Willems, P Bormann, H Bronstert, A Croke, BFW Frede, HG Graff, T Hubrechts, L Jakeman, AJ Kite, G Lanini, J Leavesley, G Lettenmaier, DP Lindstrom, G Seibert, J Sivapalan, M Viney, NR AF Breuer, L. Huisman, J. A. Willems, P. Bormann, H. Bronstert, A. Croke, B. F. W. Frede, H. -G. Graeff, T. Hubrechts, L. Jakeman, A. J. Kite, G. Lanini, J. Leavesley, G. Lettenmaier, D. P. Lindstroem, G. Seibert, J. Sivapalan, M. Viney, N. R. TI Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hydrological modeling; Ensemble modeling; Land use; Model structure; Catchment model performance ID SPATIALLY-VARIABLE WATER; ENERGY-BALANCE PROCESSES; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; FORESTED CATCHMENTS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; COVER CHANGES; PROJECT DMIP; RIVER-BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION AB This paper introduces the project on 'Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM)' that aims at investigating the envelope of predictions on changes in hydrological fluxes due to land use change. As part of a series of four papers, this paper outlines the motivation and setup of LUCHEM, and presents a model intercomparison for the present-day simulation results. Such an intercomparison provides a valuable basis to investigate the effects of different model structures on model predictions and paves the ground for the analysis of the performance of multi-model ensembles and the reliability of the scenario predictions in companion papers. in this study, we applied a set of 10 lumped, semi-lumped and fully distributed hydrological models that have been previously used in land use change studies to the low mountainous Dill catchment. Germany. Substantial differences in model performance were observed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies ranging from 0.53 to 0.92. Differences in model performance were attributed to (1) model input data, (2) model calibration and (3) the physical basis of the models. The models were applied with two sets of input data: an original and a homogenized data set. This homogenization of precipitation, temperature and leaf area index was performed to reduce the variation between the models. Homogenization improved the comparability of model simulations and resulted in a reduced average bias, although some variation in model data input remained. The effect of the physical differences between models on the long-term water balance was mainly attributed to differences in how models represent evapotranspiration. Semi-lumped and lumped conceptual models slightly outperformed the fully distributed and physically based models. This was attributed to the automatic model calibration typically used for this type of models. Overall, however, we conclude that there was no superior model if several measures of model performance are considered and that all models are suitable to participate in further multi-model ensemble set-ups and land use change scenario investigations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Breuer, L.; Frede, H. -G.] Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Huisman, J. A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG Agrosphere 4, Julich, Germany. [Willems, P.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Hydraul Lab, Louvain, Belgium. [Bormann, H.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Oldenburg, Germany. [Bronstert, A.; Graeff, T.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, Potsdam, Germany. [Croke, B. F. W.; Jakeman, A. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Hubrechts, L.] Lisec NV, Afdeling Ecol Water, Genk, Belgium. [Kite, G.] Hydrol Solut, Pantymwyn, Flint, Wales. [Lanini, J.; Lindstroem, G.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Leavesley, G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lindstroem, G.] SMHI, Norrkoping, Sweden. [Seibert, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quarremary Geol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Sivapalan, M.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Water Res, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Viney, N. R.] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Breuer, L (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, Heinrich Buff Ring 26, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM lutz.breuer@umwelt.uni-giessen.de RI Bormann, Helge/C-1880-2008; Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Willems, Patrick/A-9715-2010; Sivapalan, Murugesu/A-3538-2008; Viney, Neil/F-5042-2011; Huisman, J.A. (Sander)/I-7078-2012; Breuer, Lutz/C-6652-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Frede, Hans-Georg/D-4453-2013; Jakeman, Anthony/P-6786-2014 OI Bronstert, Axel/0000-0002-6369-8536; Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Willems, Patrick/0000-0002-7085-2570; Sivapalan, Murugesu/0000-0003-3004-3530; Breuer, Lutz/0000-0001-9720-1076; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Jakeman, Anthony/0000-0001-5282-2215 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [(SFB) 299] FX This study has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the scope of the Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 299. NR 86 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 423QY UT WOS:000264512000002 ER PT J AU Viney, NR Bormann, H Breuer, L Bronstert, A Croke, BFW Frede, H Graff, T Hubrechts, L Huisman, JA Jakeman, AJ Kite, GW Lanini, J Leavesley, G Lettenmaier, DP Lindstrom, G Seibert, J Sivapalan, M Willems, P AF Viney, Neil R. Bormann, H. Breuer, L. Bronstert, A. Croke, B. F. W. Frede, H. Graeff, T. Hubrechts, L. Huisman, J. A. Jakeman, A. J. Kite, G. W. Lanini, J. Leavesley, G. Lettenmaier, D. P. Lindstroem, G. Seibert, J. Sivapalan, M. Willems, P. TI Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Multi-model ensembles; Single-model ensembles; Catchment modelling; Ensemble combination; Uncertainty; Land use change ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; CATCHMENT; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; UNCERTAINTY; OUTPUTS; WATER AB This paper reports on a project to compare predictions from a range of catchment models applied to a mesoscale river basin in central Germany and to assess various ensemble predictions of catchment streamflow. The models encompass a large range in inherent complexity and input requirements. In approximate order of decreasing complexity, they are DHSVM, MIKE-SHE, TOPLATS, WASIM-ETH, SWAT, PRMS, SLURP, HBV, LASCAM and IHACRES. The models are calibrated twice using different sets of input data. The two predictions from each model are then combined by simple averaging to produce a single-model ensemble. The 10 resulting single-model ensembles are combined in various ways to produce multi-model ensemble predictions. Both the single-model ensembles and the multi-model ensembles are shown to give predictions that are generally superior to those of their respective constituent models, both during a 7-year calibration period and a 9-year validation period. This occurs despite a considerable disparity in performance of the individual models. Even the weakest of models is shown to contribute useful information to the ensembles they are part of. The best model combination methods are a trimmed mean (constructed using the central four or six predictions each day) and a weighted mean ensemble (with weights calculated from calibration performance) that places relatively large weights on the better performing models. Conditional ensembles. in which separate model weights are used in different system states (e.g. summer and winter, high and low flows) generally yield little improvement over the weighted mean ensemble. However a conditional ensemble that discriminates between rising and receding flows shows moderate improvement. An analysis of ensemble predictions shows that the best ensembles are not necessarily those containing the best individual models. Conversely, it appears that some models that predict well individually do not necessarily combine well with other models in multi-model ensembles. The reasons behind these observations may relate to the effects of the weighting schemes, non-stationarity of the climate series and possible cross-correlations between models. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Viney, Neil R.] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. [Bormann, H.] Carl Von Ossietzsky Univ, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Oldenburg, Germany. [Breuer, L.; Frede, H.] Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, Giessen, Germany. [Bronstert, A.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, Potsdam, Germany. [Croke, B. F. W.; Jakeman, A. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Hubrechts, L.] Lisec NV, Afdeling Ecol Water, Genk, Belgium. [Huisman, J. A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG Agrosphere 4, Julich, Germany. [Kite, G. W.] Hydrol Solut, Pantymwyn, Wales. [Lanini, J.; Lettenmaier, D. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Leavesley, G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lindstroem, G.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Seibert, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sivapalan, M.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Water Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Willems, P.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Hydraul Lab, Louvain, Belgium. RP Viney, NR (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. EM neil.viney@csiro.au RI Bormann, Helge/C-1880-2008; Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Willems, Patrick/A-9715-2010; Sivapalan, Murugesu/A-3538-2008; Viney, Neil/F-5042-2011; Huisman, J.A. (Sander)/I-7078-2012; Breuer, Lutz/C-6652-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Frede, Hans-Georg/D-4453-2013; Jakeman, Anthony/P-6786-2014; OI Bronstert, Axel/0000-0002-6369-8536; Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Willems, Patrick/0000-0002-7085-2570; Sivapalan, Murugesu/0000-0003-3004-3530; Breuer, Lutz/0000-0001-9720-1076; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Jakeman, Anthony/0000-0001-5282-2215; Huisman, Johan Alexander/0000-0002-1327-0945 FU German Science Foundation [(SFB) 299] FX This study has been supported by the German Science Foundation within the scope of the Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 299. The authors thank Lu Zhang and Santosh Aryal for their comments on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.05.006 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 423QY UT WOS:000264512000003 ER PT J AU Huisman, JA Breuer, L Bormann, H Bronstert, A Croke, BFW Frede, HG Graff, T Hubrechts, L Jakeman, AJ Kite, G Lanini, J Leavesley, G Lettenmaier, DP Lindstrom, G Seibert, J Sivapalan, M Viney, NR Willems, P AF Huisman, J. A. Breuer, L. Bormann, H. Bronstert, A. Croke, B. F. W. Frede, H. -G. Graeff, T. Hubrechts, L. Jakeman, A. J. Kite, G. Lanini, J. Leavesley, G. Lettenmaier, D. P. Lindstroem, G. Seibert, J. Sivapalan, M. Viney, N. R. Willems, P. TI Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM) III: Scenario analysis SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Model intercomparison; Land use change; Reliability ensemble averaging (REA); Ensemble modeling ID REGIONAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; AVERAGING REA METHOD; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; CATCHMENT MODELS; WATER YIELD; VEGETATION CHANGES; SOIL PROPERTIES; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATIONS; SCALE AB An ensemble of 10 hydrological models was applied to the same set of land use change scenarios. There was general agreement about the direction of changes in the mean annual discharge and 90% discharge percentile predicted by the ensemble members, although a considerable range in the magnitude of predictions for the scenarios and catchments under consideration was obvious. Differences in the magnitude of the increase were attributed to the different mean annual actual evapotranspiration rates for each land use type. The ensemble of model runs was further analyzed with deterministic and probabilistic ensemble methods. The deterministic ensemble method based on a trimmed mean resulted in a single somewhat more reliable scenario prediction. The probabilistic reliability ensemble averaging (REA) method allowed a quantification of the model structure uncertainty in the scenario predictions. It was concluded that the use of a model ensemble has greatly increased our confidence in the reliability of the model predictions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huisman, J. A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG Agrosphere 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Breuer, L.; Frede, H. -G.] Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Bormann, H.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Oldenburg, Germany. [Bronstert, A.; Graeff, T.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, Potsdam, Germany. [Croke, B. F. W.] Australian Natl Univ, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Hubrechts, L.] Lisec NV, Afdeling Ecol Water, Genk, Belgium. [Jakeman, A. J.] Hydrol Solut, Pantymwyn, Flint, England. [Kite, G.; Lanini, J.; Lettenmaier, D. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Leavesley, G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lindstroem, G.] SMHI, Norrkoping, Sweden. [Seibert, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quartemary Geol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Sivapalan, M.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Water Res, Crawley, Australia. [Viney, N. R.] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Willems, P.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Hydraul Lab, Louvain, Belgium. RP Huisman, JA (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG Agrosphere 4, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM s.huisman@fz-juelich.de RI Bormann, Helge/C-1880-2008; Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Willems, Patrick/A-9715-2010; Sivapalan, Murugesu/A-3538-2008; Viney, Neil/F-5042-2011; Huisman, J.A. (Sander)/I-7078-2012; Breuer, Lutz/C-6652-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Frede, Hans-Georg/D-4453-2013; Jakeman, Anthony/P-6786-2014 OI Bronstert, Axel/0000-0002-6369-8536; Huisman, Johan Alexander/0000-0002-1327-0945; Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Willems, Patrick/0000-0002-7085-2570; Sivapalan, Murugesu/0000-0003-3004-3530; Breuer, Lutz/0000-0001-9720-1076; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Jakeman, Anthony/0000-0001-5282-2215 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [(SFB) 299] FX This study has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the scope of the Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 299. A special thank goes to Bernd Weinmann for his efforts with the ProLand land use change scenarios. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.06.009 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 423QY UT WOS:000264512000004 ER PT J AU Matzka, J Olsen, N Maule, CF Pedersen, LW Berarducci, AM Macmillan, S AF Matzka, Jurgen Olsen, Nils Maule, Cathrine Fox Pedersen, Lars William Berarducci, Alan M. Macmillan, Susan TI Geomagnetic observations on Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic Ocean SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article CT Symposium on Geomagnetic Measurements in Remote Regions held at the General Assembly of IUGG CY JUL 02-12, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP IUGG DE South Atlantic Anomaly; geomagnetic observatory; geomagnetic repeat station; Tristan da Cunha ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; SATELLITE DATA; CHAMP AB Few geomagnetic ground observations exist of the Earth's strongest core field anomaly, the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). The geomagnetic repeat station on the island Tristan da Cunha, located half-way between South Africa and South America at 37 degrees 05' S, 12 degrees 18' W, is therefore of crucial importance. We have conducted several sets of repeat station measurements during magnetically quiet conditions (Kp 2o or less) in 2004. The procedures are described and the results are compared to those from earlier campaigns and to the predictions of various global field models. Features of the local crustal bias field and the solar quiet daily variation are discussed. We also evaluate the benefit of continuous magnetic field recordings from Tristan da Cunha, and argue that such a data set is a very valuable addition to geomagnetic satellite data. Recently, funds were set up to establish and operate a magnetometer station on Tristan da Cunha during the Swarm magnetic satellite mission (2011-2014). C1 [Matzka, Jurgen; Maule, Cathrine Fox; Pedersen, Lars William] Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Olsen, Nils] Natl Space Inst Denmark, DTU Space, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Berarducci, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Geomagnetism Program, Golden, CO USA. [Macmillan, Susan] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Matzka, J (reprint author), Danish Meteorol Inst, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM jmz@dmi.dk RI Olsen, Nils/H-1822-2011; Matzka, Jurgen/J-9420-2014 OI Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113; Matzka, Jurgen/0000-0001-9926-2796 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 52 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 459EO UT WOS:000267083800010 ER PT J AU Eppinger, RG Fuge, R AF Eppinger, Robert G. Fuge, Ron TI Natural Low-pH Environments Unaffected by Human Activity Preface SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Eppinger, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fuge, Ron] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Ceredigion, Wales. RP Eppinger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM eppinger@usgs.gov; rrf@aber.ac.uk NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 189 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.020 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 410WG UT WOS:000263608400001 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB Ball, JW AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk McCleskey, R. Blaine Ball, James W. TI Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry CY DEC, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID NATURAL-WATERS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; CHEMICAL-EXCHANGE; NET ALKALINITY; THIOSULFATE; POLYTHIONATE; EQUILIBRIA; HYDROGEN; SEAWATER AB Many waters sampled in Yellowstone National Park, both high-temperature (30-94 degrees C) and low-temperature (0-30 degrees C), are acid-sulfate type with pH values of 1-5. Sulfuric acid is the dominant component, especially as pH values decrease below 3, and it forms from the oxidation of elemental S whose origin is H(2)S in hot gases derived from boiling of hydrothermal waters at depth. Four determinations of pH were obtained: (1) field pH at field temperature, (2) laboratory pH at laboratory temperature, (3) pH based on acidity titration, and (4) pH based on charge imbalance (at both laboratory and field temperatures). Laboratory pH, charge imbalance pH (at laboratory temperature). and acidity pH were in close agreement for pH < 2.7. Field pH measurements were predominantly used because the charge imbalance was < +/- 10%. When the charge imbalance was generally >+/- 10%, a selection process was used to compare acidity, laboratory, and charge balance pH to arrive at the best estimate. Differences between laboratory and field pH can be explained based on Fe oxidation, H(2)S or S(2)O(3) oxidation, CO(2) degassing. and the temperature-dependence of pK(2) for H(2)SO(4). Charge imbalances are shown to be dependent on a speciation model for pH values <3. The highest SO(4) concentrations, in the thousands of mg/L, result from evaporative concentration at elevated temperatures as shown by the consistently high delta(18)O values (-10 parts per thousand to -3 parts per thousand) and a delta D vs. delta(18)O slope of 3, reflecting kinetic fractionation. Low SO(4) concentrations (<100 mg/L) for thermal waters (>350 mg/L Cl) decrease as the Cl(-) concentration increases from boiling which appears inconsistent with the hypothesis of H2S oxidation as a source of hydrothermal SO(4). This trend is consistent with the alternate hypothesis of anhydrite solubility equilibrium. Acid-sulfate water analyses are occasionally high in As. Hg, and NH(3) concentrations but in contrast to acid mine waters they are low to below detection in Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations. Even concentrations Of SO(4), Fe, and Al are much lower in thermal waters than acid mine waters of the same pH. This difference in water chemistry may explain why certain species of fly larvae live comfortably in Yellowstone's acid waters but have not been observed in acid rock drainage of the same pH. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Ball, James W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov NR 88 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 191 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.019 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 410WG UT WOS:000263608400002 ER PT J AU Graham, GE Kelley, KD AF Graham, G. E. Kelley, K. D. TI The Drenchwater deposit, Alaska: An example of a natural low pH environment resulting from weathering of an undisturbed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry CY DEC, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS; MINERALIZED AREAS; BROOKS RANGE; GEOCHEMISTRY; DISTRICT; ORE; THALLIUM; METALS; WATER AB The Drenchwater shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit and the immediate vicinity, on the northern flank of the Brooks Range in north-central Alaska, is an ideal example of a naturally low pH system. The two drainages, Drenchwater and False Wager Creeks, which bound the deposit, differ in their acidity and metal contents. Moderately acidic waters with elevated concentrations of metals (pH >= 4.3, Zn <= 1400 mu g/L) in the Drenchwater Creek drainage basin are attributed to weathering of an exposed base-metal-rich massive sulfide occurrence. Stream sediment and water chemistry data collected from False Wager Creek suggest that an unexposed base-metal sulfide occurrence may account for the lower pH (2.7-3.1) and very metal-rich waters (up to 2600 mu g/L Zn, <= 260 mu g/L Cu and <= 89 mu g/L TI) collected at least 2 km upstream of known mineralized exposures. These more acidic conditions produce jarosite, schwertmannite and Fe-hydroxides commonly associated with acid-mine drainage. The high metal concentrations in some water samples from both streams naturally exceed Alaska state regulatory limits for freshwater aquatic life, affirming the importance of establishing base-line conditions in the event of human land development. The studies at the Drenchwater deposit demonstrate that poor water quality can be generated through entirely natural weathering of base-metal occurrences, and, possibly unmineralized black shale. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Graham, G. E.; Kelley, K. D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80228 USA. RP Graham, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80228 USA. EM ggraham@usgs.gov OI Graham, Garth/0000-0003-0657-0365 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 232 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.016 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 410WG UT WOS:000263608400005 ER PT J AU Verplanck, PL Nordstrom, DK Bove, DJ Plumlee, GS Runkel, RL AF Verplanck, Philip L. Nordstrom, D. Kirk Bove, Dana J. Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Runkel, Robert L. TI Naturally acidic surface and ground waters draining porphyry-related mineralized areas of the Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado and New Mexico SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry CY DEC, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID MINE DRAINAGE; DEPOSITS; STREAMS; COUNTY; IRON AB Acidic, metal-rich waters produced by the oxidative weathering and resulting leaching of major and trace elements from pyritic rocks can adversely affect water quality in receiving streams and riparian ecosystems. Five study areas in the southern Rocky Mountains with naturally acidic waters associated with porphyry mineralization were studied to document variations in water chemistry and processes that control the chemical variations. Study areas include the Upper Animas River watershed, East Alpine Gulch, Mount Emmons, and Handcart Gulch in Colorado and the Red River in New Mexico. Although host-rock lithologies in all these areas range from Precambrian gneisses to Cretaceous sedimentary units to Tertiary volcanic complexes, the mineralization is Tertiary in age and associated with intermediate to felsic composition, porphyritic plutons. Pyrite is ubiquitous, ranging from similar to 1 to >5 vol.%. Springs and headwater streams have pH values as low as 2.6, SO4 up to 3700 mg/L and high dissolved metal concentrations (for example: Fe up to 400 mg/L: Cu up to 3.5 mg/L; and Zn up to 14.4 mg/L). Intensity of hydrothermal alteration and presence of sulfides are the primary controls of water chemistry of these naturally acidic waters. Subbasins underlain by intensely hydrothermally altered lithologies are poorly vegetated and quite susceptible to storm-induced surface runoff. Within the Red River study area, results from a storm runoff study documented downstream changes in river chemistry: pH decreased from 7.80 to 4.83, alkalinity decreased from 49.4 to <1 mg/L, SO4 increased from 162 to 314 mg/L, dissolved Fe increased from to 0.011 to 0.596 mg/L, and dissolved Zn increased from 0.056 to 0.607 mg/L Compared to mine drainage in the same study areas, the chemistry of naturally acidic waters tends to overlap but not reach the extreme concentrations of metals and acidity as some mine waters. The chemistry of waters draining these mineralized but unmined areas can be used to estimate premining conditions at sites with similar geologic and hydrologic conditions. For example, the US Geological Survey was asked to estimate premining ground-water chemistry at the Questa Mo mine, and the proximal analog approach was used because a mineralized but unmined area was located adjacent to the mine property. By comparing and contrasting water chemistry from different porphyry mineralized areas, this study not only documents the range in concentrations of constituents of interest but also provides insight into the primary controls of water chemistry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Verplanck, Philip L.; Bove, Dana J.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nordstrom, D. Kirk] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Verplanck, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM plv@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.014 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 410WG UT WOS:000263608400007 ER PT J AU Gaikowski, MR Densmore, CL Blazer, VS AF Gaikowski, Mark R. Densmore, Christine L. Blazer, Vicki S. TI Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Chloramine-T; Walleye; Channel catfish; Histopathology ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS; CONTROL MORTALITY; TOXICITY; FISH; TOLUENESULFONAMIDE; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Chloramine-T (Cl-T) has been used safely and effectively to control bacterial gill disease in salmonicls at a maximum exposure regimen of up to four consecutive, once-daily exposures administered for 60 min at 20 mg/L. However, data to document safe treatment concentrations of Cl-T are lacking for freshwater-reared fish other than salmonids. We report the histopathology resultant from the administration of 12 consecutive, once-daily, 180-min static immersion baths of 0, 20, 50. or 80 mg Cl-T/L to walleye (20 degrees C) and channel catfish (27 degrees C). Twelve fish of each species were euthanized immediately before the first exposure (initial controls) and then after the twelfth exposure and 7 and 14 days after the twelfth exposure. Only initial controls and fish euthanized immediately after the twelfth exposure were processed for histological review because of the general lack of exposure-related lesions in exposed fish. The only exposure-related histological changes were in the spleen where significantly greater erythrocyte swelling and necrosis was observed in channel catfish exposed at 80 mg/L relative to exposure at 0 mg/L: similar histological changes were insignificant for walleye. though there appeared to be a shift in the general category of histological change with degenerative changes (necrosis. etc.) observed following exposure at 50 or 80 mg/L compared to the inflammatory and hemodynamic changes (congestion, leukocyte infiltrate, etc.) observed in walleye exposed at 0 or 20 mg/L. The only significant change in peripheral blood cytology was that walleye fingerlings exposed at 80 mg/L had significantly fewer Mature red blood cells and significantly more immature red blood cells per oil-immersion field than controls. The histopathological changes observed following exposure to Cl-T under an exaggerated exposure regimen suggest that walleye or channel catfish therapeutically exposed to Cl-T will not have treatment-related histological changes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gaikowski, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Densmore, Christine L.; Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Gaikowski, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mgaikowski@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 287 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 402OY UT WOS:000263024200004 ER PT J AU Jones, BF Naftz, DL Spencer, RJ Oviatt, CG AF Jones, Blair F. Naftz, David L. Spencer, Ronald J. Oviatt, Charles G. TI Geochemical Evolution of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lakes; Saline; Evaporation; Mixing; Calcium bicarbonate; Sodium chloride; Precipitation; Re-solution; Halite; Mirabilite; Calcite; Dolomite; Mg-silicate; Diffusion; Pore-fluids; Diagenesis; Climate ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BONNEVILLE; BASIN; MERCURY; SEDIMENTS AB The Great Salt Lake (GSL) of Utah, USA, is the largest saline lake in North America, and its brines are some of the most concentrated anywhere in the world. The lake occupies a closed basin system whose chemistry reflects solute inputs from the weathering of a diverse suite of rocks in its drainage basin. GSL is the remnant of a much larger lacustrine body, Lake Bonneville, and it has a long history of carbonate deposition. Inflow to the lake is from three major rivers that drain mountain ranges to the east and empty into the southern arm of the lake, from precipitation directly on the lake, and from minor groundwater inflow. Outflow is by evaporation. The greatest solute inputs are from calcium bicarbonate river waters mixed with sodium chloride-type springs and groundwaters. Prior to 1930 the lake concentration inversely tracked lake volume, which reflected climatic variation in the drainage, but since then salt precipitation and re-solution, primarily halite and mirabilite, have periodically modified lake-brine chemistry through density stratification and compositional differentiation. In addition, construction of a railway causeway has restricted circulation, nearly isolating the northern from the southern part of the lake, leading to halite precipitation in the north. These and other conditions have created brine differentiation, mixing, and fractional precipitation of salts as major factors in solute evolution. Pore fluids and diagenetic reactions have been identified as important sources and especially sinks for CaCO(3), Mg, and K in the lake, depending on the concentration gradient and clays. C1 [Jones, Blair F.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Spencer, Ronald J.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Oviatt, Charles G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Jones, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bfjones@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10498-008-9047-y PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 428EQ UT WOS:000264831200005 ER PT J AU Misumi, I Yada, T Leong, JAC Schreck, CB AF Misumi, Ichiro Yada, Takashi Leong, Jo-Ann C. Schreck, Carl B. TI The Effect of In Vitro Exposure to Tributyltin on the Immune Competence of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Leukocytes SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOTIN EXPOSURES; RAT THYMOCYTES; APOPTOSIS; LYMPHOCYTES; FISH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEDIMENTS; CELLS; WATER; SEA AB We evaluated the direct effects of in vitro exposures to tributyltin (TBT), a widely used biocide, on the cell-mediated immune system of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Splenic and pronephric leukocytes isolated from juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed to TBT (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mg/l) in cell cultures for 24 h. Effects of TBT on cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and mitogenic responses were measured by flow cytometry. Splenic and pronephric leukocytes in the presence of TBT experienced a concentration-dependent decrease in viability in cell cultures. Apoptosis was detected as one of the mechanisms of cell death after TBT exposure. In addition, pronephric lymphocytes exhibited a greater sensitivity to TBT exposure than pronephric granulocytes. The functional ability of splenic B-cells to undergo blastogenesis upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation was also significantly inhibited in the presence of 0.05, 0.07, or 0.10 mg/l of TBT in the cell cultures. Flow cytometric assay using a fluorescent conjugated monoclonal antibody against salmon surface immunoglobulin was employed for the conclusive identification of B-cells in the Chinook salmon leukocytes. Our findings suggest that adverse effects of TBT on the function or development of fish immune systems could lead to an increase in disease susceptibility and its subsequent ecological implications. C1 [Misumi, Ichiro; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Misumi, Ichiro; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yada, Takashi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USGS Biol Resources Div, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Misumi, I (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM imisumi@hawaii.edu FU Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology FX We are grateful to Beth Siddens for managing the laboratory and helping us out with our sampling. We thank Rob Chitwood, manager of the Fish Performance and Genetics Laboratory at Oregon State University for his assistance with establishing the experimental conditions and Dr. Grant Feist for his guidance with data analysis. The research was supported by a grant from Oregon Sea Grant and funds from the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9187-5 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 422XP UT WOS:000264461300007 PM 18629429 ER PT J AU Tsao, DC Miles, AK Takekawa, JY Woo, I AF Tsao, Danika C. Miles, A. Keith Takekawa, John Y. Woo, Isa TI Potential Effects of Mercury on Threatened California Black Rails SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; COMMON LOONS; GAVIA-IMMER; METHYLMERCURY; BIRDS; REPRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; MALLARDS; FEATHERS AB San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary sediments contain high levels of mercury (Hg), and tidal marsh resident species may be vulnerable to Hg contamination. We examined Hg concentrations in California black rails, a threatened waterbird species that inhabits SFB tidal salt marshes. We captured 127 black rails during the prebreeding and postbreeding seasons and examined the influence of site, sex, and year on Hg, methylmercury (MeHg), and also selenium (Se) concentrations in feathers and blood. Feather Hg concentrations averaged 6.94 mu g/g dry weight (dw) and MeHg and Se concentrations in blood averaged 0.38 and 0.42 mu g/g wet weight (ww). We used Akaike's information criterion model selection process to evaluate the importance of year, site, sex, and age on patterns of MeHg concentrations; sex and year were the most important of these factors. Feather Hg concentrations (dw) were higher in males (8.22 mu g/g) than females (6.63 mu g/g) and higher in adult birds (7.36 mu g/g) than in hatch-year birds (4.61 mu g/g). A substantial portion of SFB black rail populations may be at risk of reproductive effects due to MeHg contamination, as 32-78% of feathers and < 10% of blood samples exceeded no observed adverse effect levels. Sea level rise and other anthropogenic threats to endemic tidal marsh species such as black rails may be exacerbated by the presence of MeHg. Further study of population demographics and toxicological effects would further elucidate the effects of MeHg contamination on black rail populations in SFB. C1 [Tsao, Danika C.; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.; Woo, Isa] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Tsao, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dtsao@usgs.gov FU Calfed Bay-Delta Program grant [ERP02D-P62]; USGS Student Career Experience Program; USFWS San Francisco Estuary Program; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; U. C. Davis John Muir Institute for the Environment FX This study was supported by a Calfed Bay-Delta Program grant (ERP02D-P62) to the San Francisco Estuary Institute (D. Yee, J. Davis), the USGS Student Career Experience Program, USFWS San Francisco Estuary Program (R. Morat), USGS Western Ecological Research Center, and the U. C. Davis John Muir Institute for the Environment. We thank D. Steele (CDFG) for permits. We thank S. Schwarzbach for initial project conception and study design advice. We thank C. Wilcox and L. Wyckoff (CDFG), B. Salzman (Marin Audubon), and R. Phelan and S. Brand (Gambinini Marsh) for access to study sites. We especially thank field technicians K. Spragens, K. Thorne, O. Bernstein, and L. Dembosz. We thank M. Marvin- DiPasquale, L. Windham-Myers, S. Olund, D. Krabbenhoft, J. Evens, K. Popper, B. Lasorsa, J. Hunt, M. Ricca, R. Keister, S. Spring, L. Bowen, C. Eagles-Smith, J. Ackerman, and R. Melcer, Jr. for valuable assistance or input. The manuscript was improved with comments from M. Mueller, D. Van Vuren, R. Tjeerdema, and three anonymous reviewers. Mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 292 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9188-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 422XP UT WOS:000264461300015 PM 18648717 ER PT J AU Thomas, JN Holzworth, RH McCarthy, MP AF Thomas, Jeremy N. Holzworth, Robert H. McCarthy, Michael P. TI In situ measurements of contributions to the global electrical circuit by a thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Commiss Atmospher Elect DE Global electrical circuit; Thunderstorms; Lightning; Electric fields; In situ measurements ID MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; ELF OBSERVATIONS; FIELDS; IONOSPHERE; CURRENTS; SPRITES AB The global electrical circuit, which maintains a potential of about 280 kV between the earth and the ionosphere, is thought to be driven mainly by thunderstorms and lightning. However, very few in situ measurements of electrical current above thunderstorms have been successfully obtained. In this paper, we present dc to very low frequency electric fields and atmospheric conductivity measured in the stratosphere (30-35 km altitude) above an active thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil. From these measurements, we estimate the mean quasi-static conduction current during the storm period to be 2.5 +/- 1.25 A. Additionally, we examine the transient conduction currents following a large positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning flash and typical-CG flashes. We find that the majority of the total current is attributed to the quasi-static thundercloud charge, rather than lightning, which supports the classical Wilson model for the global electrical circuit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thomas, Jeremy N.; Holzworth, Robert H.; McCarthy, Michael P.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thomas, Jeremy N.] USGS, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO USA. RP Thomas, JN (reprint author), Bard High Sch Early Coll II, Phys Program, 45-10 94th St, Elmhurst, NY 11373 USA. EM jnt@u.washington.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 91 IS 2-4 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.026 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405AI UT WOS:000263193900004 ER PT J AU Dudzinski, KM Gregg, JD Ribic, CA Kuczaj, SA AF Dudzinski, Kathleen Maria Gregg, Justin David Ribic, Christine Ann Kuczaj, Stan Abraham TI A comparison of pectoral fin contact between two different wild dolphin populations SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Altruism; Dolphin; Flipper rubbing; Grooming; Reciprocity; Social behaviour ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-ADUNCUS; RUBBING BEHAVIOR; INFANTICIDE; CHIMPANZEES; RECIPROCITY; PORPOISES; MACAQUES; ATLANTIC; MONKEYS AB Contact behaviour involving the pectoral fin has been documented in a number of dolphin species, and various explanations about its function have been offered. Pectoral fin contact can take a variety of forms, and involves a number of body parts and movements, likely differing depending upon social or ecological context. For this study, we compare the pectoral fin contact behaviour of two species of wild dolphins: Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) from around Mikura Island, Japan, and Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) from The Bahamas. The two study populations exhibit surprising similarity in the ways in which pectoral fin contacts are used, despite differences in species and environmental conditions at the two sites. Differences in contact rates for calves between the two sites suggest that calf-focused aggression from adult dolphins is more prevalent at Mikura than in The Bahamas. Our results suggest that pectoral fin contact behaviour seems to be driven primarily by social pressures, and may be similar in function to allogrooming described in primates. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dudzinski, Kathleen Maria; Gregg, Justin David] Dolphin Commun Project, Old Mystic, CT 06372 USA. [Dudzinski, Kathleen Maria; Kuczaj, Stan Abraham] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Psychol, Mississippi, MO USA. [Ribic, Christine Ann] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. RP Dudzinski, KM (reprint author), Dolphin Commun Project, POB 711, Old Mystic, CT 06372 USA. EM kdudzinski@dolphincommunicationproject.org OI Kuczaj, Stan/0000-0002-4651-1610 FU National Science Foundation; International Women's Fishing Association; Houston Underwater Club's SeaSpace Foundation; Cetacean Society International; Lerner-Gray Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMUG); Marine Mammal Research Program; National Geographic Society [4851-92]; Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science; Casio's Eco-Research Fund; Japanese government FX Financial support for data collection during the Dolphin Communication Project's longitudinal studies of the Bahamas' Atlantic spotted dolphins and the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins around Mikura Island, Japan was obtained from numerous sources: the National Science Foundation, International Women's Fishing Association, Houston Underwater Club's SeaSpace Foundation, Cetacean Society International, Lerner-Gray Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMUG), Marine Mammal Research Program. at TAMUG, the National Geographic Society (grant #4851-92), the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Casio's Eco-Research Fund, and a Kaken-Hi grant from the Japanese government. All data were collected during ecotour-format boat trips that were partially sponsored by Oceanic Society Expeditions (in The Bahamas), the Miyake Fishermen's Cooperative (from Miyake Island), and the Mikura Iruka Kyoukai (at Mikura Island). More than a dozen boats and boat captains supported data collection, and they are collectively thanked here. Permission to collect data around Mikura Island was provided by the village office and conducted in collaboration with the Mikura Iruka Kyoukai. Permission to collect data on the spotted dolphins in The Bahamas was granted in the form of permits to K.M. Dudzinski (1993-2005) and to the Dolphin Communication Project (2000 and 2001) from the Department of Fisheries (Marine Resources), Ministry of Agriculture, The Bahamas. Mention of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement for use by the U.S. government. This paper represents contribution #102 of the Dolphin Communication Project. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2008.11.011 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 407ZL UT WOS:000263402700011 PM 19070654 ER PT J AU Scott, ML Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Valdes-Casillas, C Erker, JA Reynolds, EW Shafroth, PB Gomez-Limon, E Jones, CL AF Scott, Michael L. Nagler, Pamela L. Glenn, Edward P. Valdes-Casillas, Carlos Erker, Joseph A. Reynolds, Elizabeth W. Shafroth, Patrick B. Gomez-Limon, Euduardo Jones, Cory L. TI Assessing the extent and diversity of riparian ecosystems in Sonora, Mexico SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Riparian; Populus spp.; Salix spp.; Tamarix spp.; Conservation; Cottonwood; Mexico; Sonora ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; LIVING FENCEROWS; SURFACE-WATER; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; ARIZONA; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; TAMARIX AB Conservation of forested riparian ecosystems is of international concern. Relatively little is known of the structure, composition, diversity, and extent of riparian ecosystems in Mexico. We used high- and low-resolution satellite imagery from 2000 to 2006, and ground-based sampling in 2006, to assess the spatial pattern, extent, and woody plant composition of riparian forests across a range of spatial scales for the state of Sonora, Mexico. For all 3rd and higher order streams, river bottomlands with riparian forests occupied a total area of 2,301 km(2). Where forested bottomlands remained, on average, 34% of the area had been converted to agriculture while 39% remained forested. We estimated that the total area of riparian forest along the principal streams was 897 km(2). Including fencerow trees, the total forested riparian area was 944 km(2), or 0.5% of the total land area of Sonora. Ground-based sampling of woody riparian vegetation consisted of 92, 50 m radius circular plots. About 79 woody plant species were noted. The most important tree species, based on cover and frequency, were willow species Salix spp. (primarily S. goodingii and S. bonplandiana), mesquite species Prosopis spp. (primarily P. velutina), and Fremont cottonwood Populus fremontii. Woody riparian taxa at the reach scale showed a trend of increasing diversity from north to south within Sonora. Species richness was greatest in the willow-bald cypress Taxodium distichum var. mexicanum-Mexican cottonwood P. mexicana subsp. dimorphia ecosystem. The non-native tamarisk Tamarix spp. was rare, occurring at just three study reaches. Relatively natural stream flow patterns and fluvial disturbance regimes likely limit its establishment and spread. C1 [Scott, Michael L.; Reynolds, Elizabeth W.; Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr,Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Glenn, Edward P.; Erker, Joseph A.; Jones, Cory L.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Valdes-Casillas, Carlos] Pronatura Noroeste, Alamos 85760, Sonora, Mexico. RP Scott, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM scottm@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Neotropical Migratory Bird Program; Sonoran Joint Venture Program (SJV) FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Neotropical Migratory Bird Program and the Sonoran Joint Venture Program (SJV). We extend our sincere thanks to Robert Mesta of SJV for providing logistical support in Mexico and the US. Tammy Fancher provided critical GIS support and Jill Majerus assisted with data entry. Thanks to Juan Caicedo for his knowledge and companionship in the Weld. Special thanks to Dr. Jesus Sanchez, at La Universidad de Sonora, who assisted with the positive identification of several confusing plant species. Thanks also to Cody Rice at the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montreal, Canada, and the National Water Comission (CONAGUA) staff in Coyoacan, Mexico for providing access to geospatial hydrologic data for Sonora. Gregor Auble, Susan Skagen, Juliet Stromberg, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript. We dedicate this to the people of Mexico who we encountered; without exception they were helpful, gracious, and genuinely interested. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 247 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s10531-008-9473-6 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401TN UT WOS:000262965400001 ER PT J AU Piniak, GA Brown, EK AF Piniak, Gregory A. Brown, Eric K. TI Temporal Variability in Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Back-Reef Corals in Ofu, American Samoa SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MEASURED IN-SITU; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY; PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY; SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; SYMBIOTIC ALGAE; DIURNAL CHANGES; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; PORITES-LOBATA AB Change in the yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence is a common indicator of thermal stress in corals. The present study reports temporal variability ill quantum yield measurements for 10 coral species in Ofu. American Samoa-a place known to experience elevated and variable seawater temperatures. In winter, the zooxanthellae generally had higher dark-adapted maximum quantum yield (F(v)/F(m)) higher light-adapted effective quantum yield (Delta F/F(m)), and lower relative electron transport rates (rETR) than in the summer. Temporal changes, appeared unrelated to the expected bleaching sensitivity of corals. All species Surveyed, with the exception of Montipora grisea. demonstrated significant temporal changes in the three fluorescence parameters. Fluorescence responses were influenced by the microhabitat-temporal differences in fluorescence parameters were Usually observed in the habitat with a more variable temperature regime (pool 300), while differences in F(v)/F(m) between species were observed only in the more environmentally stable habitat (pool 400). Such species-specific responses and microhabitat variability should be be considered when attempting to determine whether observed Situ changes are normal seasonal changes or early signs of , bleaching. C1 [Piniak, Gregory A.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Brown, Eric K.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Piniak, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM greg.piniak@noaa.gov; Eric_Brown@nps.gov NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 216 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 PG 13 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408NQ UT WOS:000263442100006 PM 19218492 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH Jarnevich, CS Reed, RN AF Rodda, Gordon H. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Reed, Robert N. TI What parts of the US mainland are climatically suitable for invasive alien pythons spreading from Everglades National Park? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Python molurus; Burmese Python; Geographic range; Invasive species; Florida Everglades; Climate matching; Temperature; Precipitation ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; INTRODUCTION SUCCESS; THERMOREGULATION; PREDICTION; AVIFAUNA; SURFACES; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; BOIDAE AB The Burmese Python (Python molurus bivittatus) is now well established in southern Florida and spreading northward. The factors likely to limit this spread are unknown, but presumably include climate or are correlated with climate. We compiled monthly rainfall and temperature statistics from 149 stations located near the edge of the python's native range in Asia (Pakistan east to China and south to Indonesia). The southern and eastern native range limits extend to saltwater, leaving unresolved the species' climatic tolerances in those areas. The northern and western limits are associated with cold and aridity respectively. We plotted mean monthly rainfall against mean monthly temperature for the 149 native range weather stations to identify the climate conditions inhabited by pythons in their native range, and mapped areas of the coterminous United States with the same climate today and projected for the year 2100. We accounted for both dry-season aestivation and winter hibernation (under two scenarios of hibernation duration). The potential distribution was relatively insensitive to choice of scenario for hibernation duration. US areas climatically matched at present ranged up the coasts and across the south from Delaware to Oregon, and included most of California, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South and North Carolina. By the year 2100, projected areas of potential suitable climate extend northward beyond the current limit to include parts of the states of Washington, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. Thus a substantial portion of the mainland US is potentially vulnerable to this ostensibly tropical invader. C1 [Rodda, Gordon H.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Invas Species Sci Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Invas Species Sci Branch, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Gordon_rodda@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; US Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs FX We thank R. W. Snow for sage counsel and access to unpublished data on pythons in Florida, and D. Kimball for encouraging us to document the role of global climate change in advancing the habitable boundaries. Support for this work was provided by US Geological Survey and the US Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs. L. R. Bonewell, B. M. Lardner, R. J. Rondeau, and A. S. Wiewel suggested improvements to the manuscript. NR 78 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 15 U2 117 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9228-z PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394YW UT WOS:000262490100008 ER PT J AU Niles, LJ Bart, J Sitters, HP Dey, AD Clark, KE Atkinson, PW Baker, AJ Bennett, KA Kalasz, KS Clark, NA Clark, J Gillings, S Gates, AS Gonzalez, PM Hernandez, DE Minton, CDT Morrison, RIG Porter, RR Ross, RK Veitch, CR AF Niles, Lawrence J. Bart, Jonathan Sitters, Humphrey P. Dey, Amanda D. Clark, Kathleen E. Atkinson, Phillip W. Baker, Allan J. Bennett, Karen A. Kalasz, Kevin S. Clark, Nigel A. Clark, Jacquie Gillings, Simon Gates, Albert S. Gonzalez, Patricia M. Hernandez, Daniel E. Minton, Clive D. T. Morrison, R. I. Guy Porter, Ronald R. Ross, R. Ken Veitch, C. Richard TI Effects of Horseshoe Crab Harvest in Delaware Bay on Red Knots: Are Harvest Restrictions Working? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE red knot; Calidris canutus rufa; Delaware Bay; horseshoe crab; Limulus polyphemus ID CALIDRIS-CANUTUS-ISLANDICA; LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS EGGS; SOUTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; BODY STORES; POPULATION TRENDS; BREEDING GROUNDS; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; SITE AB Each May; red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) congregate in Delaware Bay during their northward migration to feed on horseshoe crab eggs (Limulus polyphemus) and refuel for breeding in the Arctic. During tire 1990s, the Delaware Bay harvest of horseshoe crabs for bait increased 10 fold, leading to a more than 90% decline in the availability of their eggs for knots. The proportion of knots achieving weights of more than 180 grains by 26-28 May, their main departure period, dropped from 0.6-0.8 to 0.14-0.4 over 1997-2007. During tire same period, the red knot population stopping in Delaware Bay declined by more than 75%, in part because the annual survival rate of adult knots wintering in Tierra del Fuego declined. Despite restrictions, the 2007 horseshoe crab harvest was still greater than the 1990 harvest, and no recovery of knots was detectable. We propose an adaptive management strategy with recovery goals and annual monitoring that, if adopted, will both allot,, red knot and horseshoe crab populations to rccover and permit a sustainable harvest of horseshoe crabs. C1 [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Sitters, Humphrey P.] Int Wader Study Grp Bulletin, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dey, Amanda D.; Clark, Kathleen E.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Endangered & Nongame Species Program, Trenton, NJ USA. [Atkinson, Phillip W.; Clark, Nigel A.; Clark, Jacquie; Gillings, Simon] British Trust Ornithol, Norfolk, VA USA. [Minton, Clive D. T.] Victoria Wader Studies Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Morrison, R. I. Guy] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Ross, R. Ken] Populat Management Unit, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM larry.niles@conservewildlifenj.org RI Atkinson, Philip/B-8975-2009; Gillings, Simon/I-2727-2015 OI Gillings, Simon/0000-0002-9794-2357 FU New Jersey Natural Lands Trust; Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey; Wildlife Conservation Society and the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation; New Jersey and Delaware Divisions of Fish and Wildlife FX We wish to thank the New Jersey Natural Lands Trust for 20 years of support for shorebird research and conservation. Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey, with funding from the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, supported Delaware Bay work and sustained the first five years of research in Canada and Chile. We thank the New Jersey and Delaware Divisions of Fish and Wildlife for long-term support. Stewart Michels, of the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, provided horseshoe crab trawl data. David Smith, with the US Geological Survey, and Annette Scherer, with the US Fish and Wildlife Service, provided useful advice. The US Geological Survey provided time for analysis and synthesis of past surveys. We especially thank the many volunteers who are responsible for collecting much of the data used in this article. NR 54 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 9 U2 48 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.2.8 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 404ON UT WOS:000263162800012 ER PT J AU Nelson, AR Kashima, K Bradley, LA AF Nelson, Alan R. Kashima, Kaoru Bradley, Lee-Ann TI Fragmentary Evidence of Great-Earthquake Subsidence during Holocene Emergence, Valdivia Estuary, South Central Chile SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; TIDAL MARSH STRATIGRAPHY; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; CENTRAL OREGON COAST; PAST 2000 YEARS; COSEISMIC SUBSIDENCE; VASCULAR PLANTS; RIVER ESTUARY; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; GIANT EARTHQUAKES AB A reconnaissance of Holocene stratigraphy beneath fringing marshes of the Valdivia estuary, where an M 9.5 earthquake caused 1-2 m of regional coseismic subsidence in 1960, shows only fragmentary evidence of prehistoric coseismic subsidence. In most of the 150 hand-driven cores that were examined, a distinct unconformity separates 0.5-1.5 m of late Holocene tidal and floodplain mud, peat, and sand from underlying middle Holocene subtidal mud and sand. At the Las Coloradas site, where stratigraphy is best preserved, two A horizons of marsh and meadow soils abruptly overlain by sand and mud probably record coseismic subsidence shortly followed by tsunamis. The amount of subsidence during the earthquakes proved difficult to reconstruct with a diatom transfer function because of differences between modern and fossil diatom assemblages. Maximum C-14 ages on macrofossils from the two A horizons at the Las Coloradas site of 1.7-1.3 ka and 2.7-1.7 ka allow correlation of the younger horizon with either of two of six C-14-dated A horizons buried by tsunami sand or post-tsunami tidal sand 200 km to the south at Maullin, and with a lake-wide mass wasting event in Lago Puyehue, 100 km to the southeast. Tidal records of prehistoric coseismic subsidence at Valdivia are scarce because of a sea-level fall of 3-8 m over the past 6000 years, erosion of marsh and meadow soils during subsidence-induced flooding of the estuary, and largely complete land-level recovery during cycles of coseismic subsidence and postseismic uplift. C1 [Nelson, Alan R.; Bradley, Lee-Ann] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kashima, Kaoru] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Nelson, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM anelson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Gilbert Fellowship FX Our work in the Valdivia estuary was part of a 1989 reconnaissance paleoseismic study, largely supported by a U.S. Geological Survey Gilbert Fellowship to Brian Atwater, Alan Nelson, and Susan Bartsch-Winkler, of four areas along the coast of south central Chile. Alan Nelson and Lee-Ann Bradley are supported by the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We particularly thank Mario Pino Q., Universidad Austral de Chile, for providing facilities, logistical support, discussions, and encouragement during our field studies. Antonio Gallegos Mingo and Alejandro I. Medina V. provided able field assistance. Discussions with Bill Manley, Carolina Villagran, Brian Atwater, Juan Carlos Aravena, Mary Reinhardt, and Yuki Sawai were helpful. Comments by Marco Cisternas, Steve Personius, Rob Wesson, Mario Pino, and especially Brian Atwater improved the manuscript. NR 82 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 1 BP 71 EP 86 DI 10.1785/0120080103 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 447HB UT WOS:000266181100006 ER PT J AU Holzer, TL Noce, TE Bennett, MJ AF Holzer, Thomas L. Noce, Thomas E. Bennett, Michael J. TI Scenario Liquefaction Hazard Maps of Santa Clara Valley, Northern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONE PENETRATION TEST; RESISTANCE; SOILS AB Maps showing the probability of surface manifestations of liquefaction in the northern Santa Clara Valley were prepared with liquefaction probability curves. These curves were based on complementary cumulative frequency distributions of the liquefaction potential index (LPI) for surficial geologic units in the study area. LPI values were computed with extensive cone penetration test soundings. Maps were developed for three earthquake scenarios, an M 7.8 event on the San Andreas fault comparable to the 1906 event, an M 6.7 event on the Hayward fault comparable to the 1868 event, and an M 6.9 event on the Calaveras fault. Ground motions were estimated with the Boore and Atkinson (2008) attenuation relation. Liquefaction is predicted for all three events in young Holocene levee deposits along the major creeks. Liquefaction probabilities are highest for the M 7.8 earthquake, ranging from 0.33 to 0.37 if a 1.5 m deep water table is assumed, and from 0.10 to 0.14, if a 5 m deep water table is assumed. Liquefaction probabilities of the other surficial geologic units are less than 0.05. Probabilities for the scenario earthquakes are generally consistent with observations during historical earthquakes. C1 [Holzer, Thomas L.; Noce, Thomas E.; Bennett, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tholzer@usgs.gov; tnoce@usgs.gov; mjbennett@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 1 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1785/0120080227 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 447HB UT WOS:000266181100028 ER PT J AU Fischer, JR Paukert, CP AF Fischer, Jesse R. Paukert, Craig P. TI Effects of sampling effort, assemblage similarity, and habitat heterogeneity on estimates of species richness and relative abundance of stream fishes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ELECTROFISHING EFFORT; EFFORT REQUIREMENTS; AREA RELATIONSHIPS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; COMMUNITIES; RIVER; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPES; LAKES AB We estimated the sampling effort required to accurately estimate species richness and to detect changes in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) in four Great Plains, USA, streams. The number of sampled reaches (i.e., <1 km) required to estimate stream-segment (i.e., 20-28 km) species richness decreased with increased sampled reach length (i.e., 10, 20, 40, or 60 mean stream widths, MSW), whereas total sampling effort decreased with a greater number of shorter sampled reaches. Collecting all species in a stream required all sampled reaches (i.e., 10) of a length equal to 40 or 60 MSW. The number of stream reaches sampled with lengths equal to 40 MSW required to detect a 50% change in CPUE of common species (i.e., total abundance > 1% of total catch) with beta = 0.80 ranged from 7 to 630 (mean = 99) and decreased with longer sampled reaches. A greater number of sampled reaches were needed to detect 90% of species richness and 25% changes in CPUE when Jaccard's similarity of samples of stream fish assemblages and habitat heterogeneity was lower within streams. Our results suggest that homogeneous stream segments require more sampled reaches to characterize fish assemblages and monitor trends in fish abundance. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fischer, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fischer@iastate.edu NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1139/F08-209 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZB UT WOS:000264957500010 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG Richardson, AD McGuire, KJ Hayhoe, K AF Huntington, Thomas G. Richardson, Andrew D. McGuire, Kevin J. Hayhoe, Katharine TI Climate and hydrological changes in the northeastern United States: recent trends and implications for forested and aquatic ecosystems SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; RIVER-ICE HYDROLOGY; NEW-ENGLAND; SOIL-MOISTURE; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WARMER WORLD; SUGAR MAPLE AB We review twentieth century and projected twenty-first century changes in climatic and hydrologic conditions in the northeastern United States and the implications of these changes for forest ecosystems. Climate warming and increases in precipitation and associated changes in snow and hydrologic regimes have been observed over the last century, with the most pronounced changes occurring since 1970. Trends in specific climatic and hydrologic variables differ in their responses spatially (e. g., coastal vs. inland) and temporally (e. g., spring vs. summer). Trends can differ depending on the period of record analyzed, hinting at the role of decadal-scale climatic variation that is superimposed over the longer-term trend. Model predictions indicate that continued increases in temperature and precipitation across the northeastern United States can be expected over the next century. Ongoing increases in growing season length (earlier spring and later autumn) will most likely increase evapotranspiration and frequency of drought. In turn, an increase in the frequency of drought will likely increase the risk of fire and negatively impact forest productivity, maple syrup production, and the intensity of autumn foliage coloration. Climate and hydrologic changes could have profound effects on forest structure, composition, and ecological functioning in response to the changes discussed here and as described in related articles in this issue of the Journal. C1 [Huntington, Thomas G.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Huntington, Thomas G.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 FU US Geological Survey funds; NASA [NNH04AA66I, NNH08AI57I] FX This work was supported, in part, by US Geological Survey funds for climate research and, in part, by funds provided to T. Huntington by NASA grants (NNH04AA66I and NNH08AI57I). This work was produced in collaboration with the Northeastern States Research Cooperative, as a part of the NE Forests 2100 project. We thank Peter Groffman (Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York), Justin Sheffield (Princeton University), and Glenn Hodgkins (US Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, for their insights that contributed to the manuscript. We also thank all of the scientists who contributed to the climate and hydrologic analysis performed for the Northeast Climate Impact Analysis, whose collective works contributed to climate and hydrologic projections. NR 131 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 76 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1139/X08-116 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 431IH UT WOS:000265054300001 ER PT J AU Camponelli, KM Casey, RE Snodgrass, JW Lev, SM Landa, ER AF Camponelli, Kimberly M. Casey, Ryan E. Snodgrass, Joel W. Lev, Steven M. Landa, Edward R. TI Impacts of weathered tire debris on the development of Rana sylvatica larvae SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Tire; Zn; Amphibian; Toxicity; Sediment ID STORMWATER TREATMENT PONDS; AUTOMOBILE TIRES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; URBAN RUNOFF; 1ST FLUSH; TOXICITY; LEACHATE; METALS; ZINC; INVERTEBRATES AB Highway runoff has the potential to negatively impact receiving systems including stormwater retention ponds where highway particulate matter can accumulate following runoff events. Tire wear particles, which contain about 1% Zn by mass, make up approximately one-third of the vehicle derived particulates in highway runoff and therefore may serve as a stressor to organisms utilizing retention ponds as habitat. In this study. we focused on the potential contribution of tire debris to Zn accumulation by Rana sylvatica larvae and possible lethal or sublethal impacts resulting from exposure to weathered tire debris during development. Eggs and larvae were exposed to aged sediments (containing either ZnCl(2) or tire particulate matter, both providing nominal concentrations of 1000 mg Zn kg(-1)) through metamorphosis. Water column Zn was elevated in both the ZnCl(2) and tire treatments relative to the control treatment, indicating that aging allowed Zn leaching from tire debris to occur. Tissue Zn was also elevated for the ZnCl(2) and tire treatments indicating that Zn in the treatments was available for uptake by the amphibians. Exposure to both ZnCl(2) and tire treatments increased the time for larvae to complete metamorphosis in comparison with controls. We also observed that the longer the organisms took to complete metamorphosis. the smaller their mass at metamorphosis. Our results indicate that Zn leached from aged tire debris is bioavailable to developing R. sylvatica larvae and that exposure to tire debris amended sediments can result in measurable physiological outcomes to wood frogs that may influence population dynamics. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Camponelli, Kimberly M.; Casey, Ryan E.; Snodgrass, Joel W.; Lev, Steven M.] Towson Univ, Urban Environm Biogeochem Lab, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Casey, RE (reprint author), Towson Univ, Urban Environm Biogeochem Lab, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM racasey@towson.edu RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016; OI Casey, Ryan/0000-0001-9894-914X; Snodgrass, Joel/0000-0002-4436-8750 FU NSF [DMR-0116619, CHE-0420353]; Maryland Water Resources Research Center; IACUC [SP0304RPR.05] FX The authors would like to thank NSF for instrument funding (DMR-0116619; CHE-0420353) and the Maryland Water Resources Research Center for research funding. Thanks to Marjorie Wright for assistance with the bioassay. This research was carried out under IACUC approval number SP0304RPR.05. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2009 VL 74 IS 5 BP 717 EP 722 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.056 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 407YK UT WOS:000263400000015 PM 18995883 ER PT J AU Pietz, PJ Buhl, DA Shaffer, JA Winter, M Johnson, DH AF Pietz, Pamela J. Buhl, Deborah A. Shaffer, Jill A. Winter, Maiken Johnson, Douglas H. TI INFLUENCE OF TREES IN THE LANDSCAPE ON PARASITISM RATES OF GRASSLAND PASSERINE NESTS IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH DAKOTA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brown-headed Cowbird; brood parasitism; grassland birds; landscape; Molothrus ater; tree cover; woodland ID DICKCISSELS SPIZA-AMERICANA; BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MOLOTHRUS-ATER; GREAT-PLAINS; BIRDS; EDGE; USA AB Woody vegetation has been linked to increased rates of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism for some grassland hosts. In northern North Dakota, however, studies reported that parasitism of grassland passerine nests was lower in landscapes with trees than in those without trees. We looked for evidence of this pattern elsewhere, using data from two studies conducted on the Sheyenne National Grassland in southeastern North Dakota. Specifically, we examined the probability of parasitism relative to percent tree cover within 2 km of a nest. We found a negative relationship for grassland passerine nests of all species tested. Our results support the suggestion that cowbirds are less likely to parasitize nests of grassland passerines where tree cover on the landscape is greater. This pattern could be explained by cowbirds switching to alternative hosts in woodlands, but this hypothesis needs further testing. C1 [Pietz, Pamela J.; Buhl, Deborah A.; Shaffer, Jill A.; Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Winter, Maiken] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Pietz, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM ppietz@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Thanks to U.S. Forest Service district ranger B. R. Stotts for permission to work on the SNG and to members of all the field crews for finding and monitoring nests. H. T. Sklebar, B. R. Euliss, M. A. Cunningham, and R. M. Bush provided the digital data needed to assess the effects of tree cover. L. D. Igl provided useful discussions and suggestions throughout the preparation of this paper. T. A. Grant, L. D. lgl, J. E. Austin, and anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on various drafts. The studies were funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, regions 3 and 6. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080012 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 419XN UT WOS:000264253100003 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR AF Petersen, Margaret R. TI MULTIPLE SPRING MIGRATION STRATEGIES IN A POPULATION OF PACIFIC COMMON EIDERS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE climate change; Common Eider; ice; migration; polynyas; stopover; Somateria mollissima v-nigrum ID GEESE BRANTA-BERNICLA; MOLLISSIMA-V-NIGRA; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; SPECTACLED EIDERS; BIRD MIGRATION; BEAUFORT SEA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; WIND CONDITIONS; POINT-BARROW AB Spring migration strategies vary within and among species. Examination of this variability extends our understanding of life histories and has implications for conservation. I used satellite transmitters to determine migration strategies and evaluate factors influencing the timing of spring migration of Pacific Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) that nest along the western Beaufort Sea coast. Adult females were marked at nesting colonies in the summers of 2000, 2001, and 2003, and were followed throughout spring migration the following year. Each year approximately equal proportions of eiders used three distinct migration strategies varying in duration, staging locations (waters near the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia, and the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, Alaska), and arrival dates at the nesting areas. It is unlikely that differences in the timing of movements to stopover sites in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas were a result of responses to changes in weather, particularly wind direction. Ice distribution and melt/movement patterns vary substantially among staging areas and thus may affect risk of starvation and reproductive potential. Long-term (decadal) changes in climate may favor birds using one strategy during "warmer" and another during "colder" years. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM MRPetersen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Alaska Science Center; USGS; British Petroleum Exploration (AK) FX Funding for this project was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Region 7, Migratory Bird Management; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Alaska Science Center; USGS, Science Support Funds; and USFWS, Sea Duck Joint Venture. In-kind Support was provided by British Petroleum Exploration (AK) on behalf of Prudhoe Bay Unit owners and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). I thank the people of the Kaktovik for their support and permission to work on their lands. The support of Robert Leedy, USFWS; Robert Streever, British Petroleum Exploration (AK) on behalf of Prudhoe Bay Unit owners; Dirk Derksen, USGS; and Richard Voss, ANWR, is appreciated. The surgical expertise of veterinarians R. Scott Larsen and Daniel M. Mulcahy, with assistance by J. Christian Franson, Tuula Hollmen, Scott Pavey, John M. Pearce, Cathy Randall, and J. Sheenan is also appreciated. f thank the camp leaders and personnel of the USGS camps at Gwyder Bay and Bodfish and Flaxman islands for allowing me to mark Common Eiders on their study areas and for help capturing birds. I thank David C. Douglas for generously providing his unpublished sorting programs as well as sharing his expertise in satellite telemetry. Lynne Dickson,.terry Hupp, Robert Gill, Grant Gilchrist, David Dobkin, Dirk Derksen, and an anonymous reviewer Supplied comments on this manuscript. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 99 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 23 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080078 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 419XN UT WOS:000264253100005 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Bluso-Demers, JD Takekawa, JY AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Bluso-Demers, Jill D. Takekawa, John Y. TI POSTFLEDGING FORSTER'S TERN MOVEMENTS, HABITAT SELECTION, AND COLONY ATTENDANCE IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE chick movements; colony attendance; Forster's Tern; home range; postfledging; Sterna forsteri; telemetry ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; HOME-RANGE ANALYSIS; SPACE USE; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; AVIAN COMMUNITIES; EVAPORATION PONDS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; CASPIAN TERNS; SURVIVAL; CALIFORNIA AB Relatively little is known about birds during the postfledging period when flighted chicks have left the nest and must learn to forage independently. We examined postfledging movements, habitat selection, and colony attendance of Forster's Terns (Sterna forsteri) radio-marked just before they fledged in San Francisco Bay, California. The proportion of the day spent at their natal colony declined as juveniles aged, from 65% at the time of fledging to <5% within two weeks of fledging. Accordingly, the distance postfledging terns were located from their colony increased as they aged, from <500 m within the first week of fledging to >5000 m by their fifth week. Time of day also influenced colony attendance, with older terns spending more time at the colony during nighttime hours (20:00 to 05:00) than during the day (06:00 to 19:00), when they were presumably foraging. Home ranges and core-use areas averaged 12.14 km(2) and 2.23 km(2), respectively. At each of four spatial scales of analysis, postfledging terns selected salt pond habitats strongly. No other habitat types were selected at any scale, but terns consistently avoided tidal flats and uplands. Terns also avoided open bay habitats at the two largest spatial scales, tidal marsh habitats at the two smallest scales, and sloughs and managed marshes at several scales. Within salt ponds, terns were located closer to salt-pond levees (58 In) than was expected (107 m). Our results indicate that tern chicks disperse from their natal colony within a few weeks of fledging, with older chicks using their natal colony primarily for roosting during the night, and that postfledging terns are highly dependent on salt ponds. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Bluso-Demers, Jill D.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12]; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge [11640-2006-006]; Eden Landing Ecological Reserve FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Western Ecological Research Center. We thank Collin Eagles-Smith, Ross Wilming, Eli French, Sarah Stoner-Duncan, Angela Rex, Brooke Hill, Stacy Moskal, Joe Northrup, Kristen Dybala, Lani Stinson, Scott Deniers, and Terry Adelsbach for field assistance and Julie Yee for statistical advice. We also thank Clyde Morris, Joy Albertson, Mendel Stewart, Joelle Buffa, Eric Mruz, the staff at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (Special Use Permit 11640-2006-006), Carl Wilcox, Larry Wyckoff, John Krause, the staff of the Eden Landing Ecological Reserve (California Department of Fish and Game), Cheryl Strong, San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, and PR BO Conservation Science for logistical support. Early versions of the manuscript were reviewed by Mark Ricca, Scott Deniers, Collin. Eagles-Smith, Susan Wainwright-De la Cruz, and two anonymous reviewers. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 100 EP 110 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080054 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 419XN UT WOS:000264253100009 ER PT J AU Peery, MZ Newman, SH Storlazzi, CD Beissinger, SR AF Peery, M. Zachariah Newman, Scott H. Storlazzi, Curt D. Beissinger, Steven R. TI MEETING REPRODUCTIVE DEMANDS IN A DYNAMIC UPWELLING SYSTEM: FORAGING STRATEGIES OF A PURSUIT-DIVING SEABIRD, THE MARBLED MURRELET SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE aerobic dive limit; Brachyramphus marmoratus; diving behavior; foraging effort; foraging range; Marbled Murrelet; radio-telemetry; upwelling ID THICK-BILLED MURRES; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BREEDING SEABIRDS; EMPEROR PENGUINS; MARINE PREDATOR; URIA-AALGE; PREY; BEHAVIOR; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Seabirds maintain plasticity in their foraging behavior to cope with energy demands and foraging constraints that vary over the reproductive cycle, but behavioral studies comparing breeding and nonbreeding individuals are rare. Here we characterize how Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) adjust their foraging effort in response to changes in reproductive demands in an upwelling system in central California. We radio-marked 32 murrelets of known reproductive status (9 breeders, 12 potential breeders, and 11 nonbreeders) and estimated both foraging ranges and diving rates during the breeding season. Murrelets spent more time diving during upwelling than oceanographic relaxation, increased their foraging ranges as the duration of relaxation grew longer, and reduced their foraging ranges after transitions to upwelling. When not incubating, murrelets moved in a circadian pattern, spending nighttime hours resting near flyways used to reach nesting habitat and foraging during the daytime an average of 5.7 km (SD 6.7 km) from nighttime locations. Breeders foraged close to nesting habitat once they initiated nesting and nest attendance was at a maximum, and then resumed traveling longer distances following the completion of nesting. Nonbreeders had similar nighttime and daytime distributions and tended to be located farther from inland flyways. Breeders increased the amount of time they spent diving by 71-73% when they had an active nest by increasing the number of dives rather than by increasing the frequency of anaerobiosis. Thus, to meet reproductive demands during nesting, murrelets adopted a combined strategy of reducing energy expended commuting to foraging sites and increasing aerobic dive rates. C1 [Peery, M. Zachariah; Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Peery, MZ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mpeery@wisc.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California State Parks; California Department of Fish and Game, the University of California, Berkeley; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Pacific Lumber Company, and Big Creek Lumber FX We thank our field assistants and appreciate the logistical support of B. Pucinell, B. Delano, G. Strachan, B. McCrary, and E. Burkett. J. Baldwin provided statistical advice, K. Thomas and.I. Adams provided GIS support, and comments by D. Bigger, B. Becker, J. Harvey, D. Ainley, B. Becker, H. Nevins, and L. Henkel improved earlier versions of this paper. This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California State Parks, the California Department of Fish and Game, the University of California, Berkeley, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Pacific Lumber Company, and Big Creek Lumber. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 120 EP 134 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080094 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 419XN UT WOS:000264253100011 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Peterson, SM Kapfer, PM AF Streby, Henry M. Peterson, Sean M. Kapfer, Paul M. TI FLEDGING SUCCESS IS A POOR INDICATOR OF THE EFFECTS OF BIRD BLOW FLIES ON OVENBIRD SURVIVAL SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE blowfly; Trypocalliphora braueri; Ovenbird; Seiurus aurocapilla ID PROTOCALLIPHORA-BRAUERI DIPTERA; NESTLING HOUSE WRENS; HEMATOPHAGOUS ECTOPARASITES; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; TROGLODYTES-AEDON; BLUE TITS; PARASITISM; CALLIPHORIDAE; POPULATION; WARBLERS AB Infestations of bird blow flies (Protocalliphora spp. and Trypocalliphora braueri) have various negative effects on the condition of nestling birds. In the absence of other stressors such as inclement weather, however, infestation alone rarely reduces fledging success. Previous studies have documented effects of blow flies on nestling condition and fledging success. Without information regarding fledgling survival, the full effect of blow-fly infestation remains unclear. To fully investigate the effect of blow-fly infestation on reproductive success of the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), we monitored infested and non-infested nests and monitored fledglings from each by using radio telemetry. Blow flies did not affect birds during the nestling period, as brood size, mean nestling mass, fledging success, and time to fledging in infested and non-infested nests were no different. Fledgling survival and minimum distance traveled the first day after fledging, however, were significantly lower for infected fledglings than for those that were not infected. We conclude that the stress of the early fledgling period combined with recent or concurrent blow-fly infection increases mortality in young Ovenbirds. Our results demonstrate the importance of including the post-fledging period in investigations of the effects of ectoparasitic infestations on birds. C1 [Streby, Henry M.; Peterson, Sean M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Streby, Henry M.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kapfer, Paul M.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080095 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 419XN UT WOS:000264253100019 ER PT J AU Jicha, BR Hart, GL Johnson, CM Hildreth, W Beard, BL Shirey, SB Valley, JW AF Jicha, Brian R. Hart, Garret L. Johnson, Clark M. Hildreth, Wes Beard, Brian L. Shirey, Steven B. Valley, John W. TI Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mount Adams; Cascade arc; Isotopes; Arc magmatism; Stratovolcano ID CALCALKALINE MAGMA CHAMBER; PRIMITIVE CALC-ALKALINE; MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; SUB-ARC MANTLE; SOUTHERN WASHINGTON; SUBDUCTION ZONE; CASCADE ARC; CRATER LAKE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; LHERZOLITE SOLIDUS AB Strontium, Nd, Pb, Hf, Os, and O isotope compositions for 30 Quaternary lava flows from the Mount Adams stratovolcano and its basaltic periphery in the Cascade arc, southern Washington, USA indicate a major component from intraplate mantle sources, a relatively small subduction component, and interaction with young mafic crust at depth. Major- and trace-element patterns for Mount Adams lavas are distinct from the rear-arc Simcoe volcanic field and other nearby volcanic centers in the Cascade arc such as Mount St. Helens. Radiogenic isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf) compositions do not correlate with geochemical indicators of slab-fluids such as (Sr/P) (n) and Ba/Nb. Mass-balance modeling calculations, coupled with trace-element and isotopic data, indicate that although the mantle source for the calc-alkaline Adams basalts has been modified with a fluid derived from subducted sediment, the extent of modification is significantly less than what is documented in the southern Cascades. The isotopic and trace-element compositions of most Mount Adams lavas require the presence of enriched and depleted mantle sources, and based on volume-weighted chemical and isotopic compositions for Mount Adams lavas through time, an intraplate mantle source contributed the major magmatic mass of the system. Generation of basaltic andesites to dacites at Mount Adams occurred by assimilation and fractional crystallization in the lower crust, but wholesale crustal melting did not occur. Most lavas have Tb/Yb ratios that are significantly higher than those of MORB, which is consistent with partial melting of the mantle in the presence of residual garnet. delta (18)O values for olivine phenocrysts in Mount Adams lavas are within the range of typical upper mantle peridotites, precluding involvement of upper crustal sedimentary material or accreted terrane during magma ascent. The restricted Nd and Hf isotope compositions of Mount Adams lavas indicate that these isotope systems are insensitive to crustal interaction in this juvenile arc, in stark contrast to Os isotopes, which are highly sensitive to interaction with young, mafic material in the lower crust. C1 [Jicha, Brian R.; Hart, Garret L.; Johnson, Clark M.; Beard, Brian L.; Valley, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hart, Garret L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Hildreth, Wes] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shirey, Steven B.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Jicha, BR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bjicha@geology.wisc.edu RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 FU NSF [EAR-9980512, EAR-0309853]; GSA; Sigma Xi; Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison FX This work was supported by grants from NSF (EAR-9980512, EAR-0309853), GSA, Sigma Xi, and the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mike Spicuzza assisted in analysis of oxygen isotope ratios. Judy Fierstein was a partner in the mapping and stratigraphy on which this investigation was based. Reviews by Michael Clynne, Michael Sawlan, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 157 IS 2 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s00410-008-0329-6 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 383RJ UT WOS:000261690800005 ER PT J AU Coe, JA McKenna, JP Godt, JW Baum, RL AF Coe, Jeffrey A. McKenna, Jonathan P. Godt, Jonathan W. Baum, Rex L. TI Basal-topographic control of stationary ponds on a continuously moving landslide SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE basal; slip surface; photogrammetry; morphology; aerial photographs; GPS; landslide; earth flow; hydrology; pond; time-lapse; dating; Slumgullion; San Juan Mountains; Colorado ID SEASONAL MOVEMENT; DEFORMATION; EARTHFLOW; FLOW AB The Slumgullion landslide in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado has been moving for at least the last few hundred years and has multiple ponds on its surface. We have studied eight ponds during 30 trips to the landslide between July 1998 and July 2007. During each trip, we have made observations on the variability in pond locations and water levels, taken ground-based photographs to document pond water with respect to moving landslide material and vegetation, conducted Global Positioning System surveys of the elevations of water levels and mapped pond sediments on the landslide surface. Additionally, we have used stereo aerial photographs taken in October 1939, October 1940 and July 2000 to measure topographic profiles of the eight pond locations, as well as a longitudinal profile along the approximate centerline of the landslide, to examine topographic changes over a 60- to 61-year period of time. Results from field observations, analyses of photographs, mapping and measurements indicate that all pond locations have remained spatially stationary for 60-300 years while landslide material moves through these locations. Water levels during the observation period were Sensitive to changes in the local, spring-fed, stream network, and to periodic filling of pond locations by sediment from floods, hyperconcentrated flows, mud flows and debris flows. For pond locations to remain stationary, the locations must mimic depressions along the basal surface of the landslide. The existence of such depressions indicates that the topography of the basal landslide surface is irregular. These results suggest that, for translational landslides that have moved distances larger than the dimensions of the largest basal topographic irregularities (about 200 m at Slumgullion), landslide surface morphology can be used as a guide to the morphology of the basal slip surface. Because basal slip surface morphology can affect landslide stability, kinematic models and stability analyses of translational landslides should attempt to incorporate irregular basal surface topography. Additional implications for moving landslides where basal topography controls surface morphology include the following: dateable sediments or organic material from basal layers of stationary ponds will yield ages that are younger than the date of landslide initiation, and it is probable that other landslide surface features such as faults, streams, springs and sinks are also controlled by basal topography. The longitudinal topographic profile indicated that the upper part of the Slumgullion landslide was depleted at a mean vertical lowering rate of 5.6 cm/yr between 1939 and 2000, while the toe advanced at an average rate of 1.5 m/yr during the same period. Therefore, during this 61-year period, neither the depletion of material at the head of the landslide nor continued growth of the landslide toe has decreased the overall movement rate of the landslide. Continued depletion of the upper part of the landslide, and growth of the toe, should eventually result in stabilization of the landslide. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Coe, Jeffrey A.; McKenna, Jonathan P.; Godt, Jonathan W.; Baum, Rex L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jcoe@usgs.gov OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 FU NASA Solid Earth and Natural Hazards [NRA-MTPE-1997-10] FX This early phases of this study were funded by the NASA Solid Earth and Natural Hazards research program (NRA-MTPE-1997-10). The study benefited greatly from field assistance from Bill Ellis and Bill Savage, and discussions with Bill Schulz. We are grateful to Robert Malcolm of the US Forest Service for letting us temporarily borrow negatives of the 1939 and 1940 aerial photographs. Marten Geertsema, Bill Schulz, Dennis Staley, an anonymous reviewer and an associate editor from Earth Surface Processes and Landforms provided helpful, constructive reviews of this paper. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 264 EP 279 DI 10.1002/esp.1721 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 407ZF UT WOS:000263402100009 ER PT J AU Durner, GM Douglas, DC Nielson, RM Amstrup, SC McDonald, TL Stirling, I Mauritzen, M Born, EW Wiig, O DeWeaver, E Serreze, MC Belikov, SE Holland, MM Maslanik, J Aars, J Bailey, DA Derocher, AE AF Durner, George M. Douglas, David C. Nielson, Ryan M. Amstrup, Steven C. McDonald, Trent L. Stirling, Ian Mauritzen, Mette Born, Erik W. Wiig, Ostein DeWeaver, Eric Serreze, Mark C. Belikov, Stanislav E. Holland, Marika M. Maslanik, James Aars, Jon Bailey, David A. Derocher, Andrew E. TI Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE climate change; general circulation model; IPCC; passive microwave; polar basin; polar bear; radio telemetry; resource selection function; sea ice; SMMR; SSM/I; Ursus maritimus ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; URSUS-MARITIMUS POPULATIONS; BEAUFORT SEA; RESOURCE SELECTION; PHOCA-HISPIDA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; RINGED SEALS; BARENTS SEA AB Projections of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sea ice habitat distribution in the polar basin during the 21st century were developed to understand the consequences of anticipated sea ice reductions on polar bear populations. We used location data from satellite-collared polar bears and environmental data (e. g., bathymetry, distance to coastlines, and sea ice) collected from 1985 to 1995 to build resource selection functions (RSFs). RSFs described habitats that polar bears preferred in summer, autumn, winter, and spring. When applied to independent data from 1996 to 2006, the RSFs consistently identified habitats most frequently used by polar bears. We applied the RSFs to monthly maps of 21st-century sea ice concentration projected by 10 general circulation models (GCMs) used in the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, under the A1B greenhouse gas forcing scenario. Despite variation in their projections, all GCMs indicated habitat losses in the polar basin during the 21st century. Losses in the highest-valued RSF habitat (optimal habitat) were greatest in the southern seas of the polar basin, especially the Chukchi and Barents seas, and least along the Arctic Ocean shores of Banks Island to northern Greenland. Mean loss of optimal polar bear habitat was greatest during summer; from an observed 1.0 million km(2) in 1985-1995 (baseline) to a projected multi-model mean of 0.32 million km(2) in 2090-2099 (-68% change). Projected winter losses of polar bear habitat were less: from 1.7 million km(2) in 1985-1995 to 1.4 million km(2) in 2090-2099 (-17% change). Habitat losses based on GCM multi-model means may be conservative; simulated rates of habitat loss during 1985-2006 from many GCMs were less than the actual observed rates of loss. Although a reduction in the total amount of optimal habitat will likely reduce polar bear populations, exact relationships between habitat losses and population demographics remain unknown. Density and energetic effects may become important as polar bears make long-distance annual migrations from traditional winter ranges to remnant high-latitude summer sea ice. These impacts will likely affect specific sex and age groups differently and may ultimately preclude bears from seasonally returning to their traditional ranges. C1 [Durner, George M.; Amstrup, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Nielson, Ryan M.; McDonald, Trent L.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Mauritzen, Mette] Inst Marine Res, Marine Mammal Res Grp, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland. [Wiig, Ostein] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [DeWeaver, Eric] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Serreze, Mark C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Belikov, Stanislav E.] All Russian Res Inst Nat Protect, Moscow, Russia. [Holland, Marika M.; Bailey, David A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Maslanik, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, CCAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aars, Jon] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Durner, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM gdurner@usgs.gov RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010; Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 FU U. S. Geological Survey; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63604] FX Funding for this analysis was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Tagging studies that provided polar bear location data from the Chukchi and Beaufort seas in the United States were supported, in part, by B. P. Exploration-Alaska, ConocoPhillips-Alaska, the U. S. Minerals Management Service, and the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management. We thank Dennis Andriashek, Steve Arthur, Andrei Boltunov, Per Espen Fjeld, Anthony Fischbach, Craig Gardner, Michael Lockhart, Nick Lunn, Eric Regehr, Kristin Simac, Jorn Thomassen, and Geoff York for assistance in the. field. We gratefully acknowledge the accomplishments of Gerald Garner (USGS, Alaska Science Center) ( deceased) who, through a cooperative effort with the All-Russian Research Institute for Nature Protection, deployed many of the satellite-radio collars in the Russian Chukchi Sea and along the Siberian coast. The Alfred Wegener Institute of Marine Research ( Bremerhaven, Germany) is thanked for logistical support during the East Greenland studies. We thank Bryan Manly, Karen Oakley, Martyn Obbard, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive suggestions to earlier versions of this manuscript. We acknowledge the many international global climate modeling groups for making their simulations available to the scientific community, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison ( PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the CMIP3 model output, and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling ( WGCM) for organizing the model data analysis activity. The WCRP CMIP3 multi-model data set is supported by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. Eric DeWeaver is supported through DOE grant DE-FG02-03ER63604. We acknowledge the National Science Foundation for support of several of our collaborators. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 101 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 24 U2 229 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 BP 25 EP 58 DI 10.1890/07-2089.1 PG 34 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 410GX UT WOS:000263566600003 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT White, GC AF McClintock, Brett T. White, Gary C. TI A less field-intensive robust design for estimating demographic parameters with mark-resight data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; marking and sighting; multistate; New Zealand Robin; Petroica australis; population size; Program NOREMARK; temporary emigration ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; PROGRAM MARK; MODELS; ANIMALS AB The robust design has become popular among animal ecologists as a means for estimating population abundance and related demographic parameters with mark-recapture data. However, two drawbacks of traditional mark-recapture are financial cost and repeated disturbance to animals. Mark-resight methodology may in many circumstances be a less expensive and less invasive alternative to mark-recapture, but the models developed to date for these data have overwhelmingly concentrated only on the estimation of abundance. Here we introduce a mark-resight model analogous to that used in mark-recapture for the simultaneous estimation of abundance, apparent survival, and transition probabilities between observable and unobservable states. The model may be implemented using standard statistical computing software, but it has also been incorporated into the freeware package Program MARK. We illustrate the use of our model with mainland New Zealand Robin (Petroica australis) data collected to ascertain whether this methodology may be a reliable alternative for monitoring endangered populations of a closely related species inhabiting the Chatham Islands. We found this method to be a viable alternative to traditional mark-recapture when cost or disturbance to species is of particular concern in long-term population monitoring programs. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM bmcclintock@usgs.gov FU Colorado State University Program for Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Ecology, and Statistics (NSF-IGERT) [DGE-0221595] FX We thank M. A. Pryde and the New Zealand Department of Conservation. Funding was provided by the Colorado State University Program for Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Ecology, and Statistics (NSF-IGERT Grant DGE-0221595). NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2009 VL 90 IS 2 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1890/08-0973.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 410IN UT WOS:000263570800004 PM 19323213 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JA Turetsky, MR Harden, JW Manies, KL Pruett, LE Shetler, G Neff, JC AF O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Turetsky, Merritt R. Harden, Jennifer W. Manies, Kristen L. Pruett, Lee E. Shetler, Gordon Neff, Jason C. TI Interactive Effects of Fire, Soil Climate, and Moss on CO2 Fluxes in Black Spruce Ecosystems of Interior Alaska SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fire; carbon fluxes; boreal forest; decomposition; Alaska; climate change ID FOREST CARBON BALANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER REPELLENCY; DECOMPOSITION RATES; LATITUDE SOILS; NORTH-AMERICA; BOREAL; PERMAFROST; VEGETATION; POSTFIRE AB Fire is an important control on the carbon (C) balance of the boreal forest region. Here, we present findings from two complementary studies that examine how fire modifies soil organic matter properties, and how these modifications influence rates of decomposition and C exchange in black spruce (Picea mariana) ecosystems of interior Alaska. First, we used laboratory incubations to explore soil temperature, moisture, and vegetation effects on CO2 and DOC production rates in burned and unburned soils from three study regions in interior Alaska. Second, at one of the study regions used in the incubation experiments, we conducted intensive field measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (ER) across an unreplicated factorial design of burning (2 year post-fire versus unburned sites) and drainage class (upland forest versus peatland sites). Our laboratory study showed that burning reduced the sensitivity of decomposition to increased temperature, most likely by inducing moisture or substrate quality limitations on decomposition rates. Burning also reduced the decomposability of Sphagnum-derived organic matter, increased the hydrophobicity of feather moss-derived organic matter, and increased the ratio of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in both the upland and peatland sites. At the ecosystem scale, our field measurements indicate that the surface organic soil was generally wetter in burned than in unburned sites, whereas soil temperature was not different between the burned and unburned sites. Analysis of variance results showed that ER varied with soil drainage class but not by burn status, averaging 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 1.4 +/- 0.1 g C m(-2) d(-1) in the upland and peatland sites, respectively. However, a more complex general linear model showed that ER was controlled by an interaction between soil temperature, moisture, and burn status, and in general was less variable over time in the burned than in the unburned sites. Together, findings from these studies across different spatial scales suggest that although fire can create some soil climate conditions more conducive to rapid decomposition, rates of C release from soils may be constrained following fire by changes in moisture and/or substrate quality that impede rates of decomposition. C1 [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G ZW1, Canada. [Turetsky, Merritt R.; Harden, Jennifer W.; Manies, Kristen L.; Pruett, Lee E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shetler, Gordon] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftjao1@uaf.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 FU United States Geological Survey; Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) program [DEB-0423442, PNW01-JV11261952-231] FX We thank Jamie Hollingsworth for his assistance in the field. We also thank Evan Kane, Mark Waldrop, Mike Waddington, and two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by the United States Geological Survey, the Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0423442 and USGS Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). NR 79 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413LI UT WOS:000263794200005 ER PT J AU Castle, SC Neff, JC AF Castle, S. C. Neff, J. C. TI Plant Response to Nutrient Availability Across Variable Bedrock Geologies SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nutrient availability; bedrock; forest; foliage; resorption; stoichiometry ID TREE SOIL INTERACTIONS; EXCHANGE RESIN BAGS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; ALPINE SOILS; RESORPTION PROFICIENCY; MINERAL-NUTRITION; PARENT MATERIAL; NORWAY SPRUCE; EOLIAN DUST; FRONT RANGE AB We investigated the role of rock-derived mineral nutrient availability on the nutrient dynamics of overlying forest communities (Populus tremuloides and Picea engelmanni-Abies lasiocarpa v. arizonica) across three parent materials (andesite, limestone, and sandstone) in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Broad geochemical differences were observed between bedrock materials; however, bulk soil chemistries were remarkably similar between the three different sites. In contrast, soil nutrient pools were considerably different, particularly for P, Ca, and Mg concentrations. Despite variations in nutrient stocks and nutrient availability in soils, we observed relatively inflexible foliar concentrations and foliar stoichiometries for both deciduous and coniferous species. Foliar nutrient resorption (P and K) in the deciduous species followed patterns of nutrient content across substrate types, with higher resorption corresponding to lower bedrock concentrations. Work presented here indicates a complex plant response to available soil nutrients, wherein plant nutrient use compensates for variations in supply gradients and results in the maintenance of a narrow range in foliar stoichiometry. C1 [Castle, S. C.; Neff, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Castle, SC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, UCB 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sarah.castle@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 FU Andrew Mellon Foundation FX This work was supported by an Andrew Mellon Foundation grant. Sample collection was completed with assistance from Corey Lawrence, Dan Fernandez, Jon Carrasco, and Jessica Kelleher. Sample preparation and processing was done, in part, by Dan Fernandez and Cody Flagg. The Laboratory for Environmental Geochemistry at the University of Colorado provided ICP analyses. We thank Cindy Prescott, Bill Bowman, Nichole Barger, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9210-8 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413LI UT WOS:000263794200008 ER PT J AU Collins, BM Miller, JD Thode, AE Kelly, M van Wagtendonk, JW Stephens, SL AF Collins, Brandon M. Miller, Jay D. Thode, Andrea E. Kelly, Maggi van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Stephens, Scott L. TI Interactions Among Wildland Fires in a Long-Established Sierra Nevada Natural Fire Area SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Wildland fire use; WFU; Prescribed natural fire; Fire management; Fire ecology; Fire severity; Self-limiting; Fire policy ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSAT TM; VEGETATION INDEXES; WILDERNESS AREAS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR WEST AB We investigate interactions between successive naturally occurring fires, and assess to what extent the environments in which fires burn influence these interactions. Using mapped fire perimeters and satellite-based estimates of post-fire effects (referred to hereafter as fire severity) for 19 fires burning relatively freely over a 31-year period, we demonstrate that fire as a landscape process can exhibit self-limiting characteristics in an upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. We use the term 'self-limiting' to refer to recurring fire as a process over time (that is, fire regime) consuming fuel and ultimately constraining the spatial extent and lessening fire-induced effects of subsequent fires. When the amount of time between successive adjacent fires is under 9 years, and when fire weather is not extreme (burning index <34.9), the probability of the latter fire burning into the previous fire area is extremely low. Analysis of fire severity data by 10-year periods revealed a fair degree of stability in the proportion of area burned among fire severity classes (unchanged, low, moderate, high). This is in contrast to a recent study demonstrating increasing high-severity burning throughout the Sierra Nevada from 1984 to 2006, which suggests freely burning fires over time in upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests can regulate fire-induced effects across the landscape. This information can help managers better anticipate short-and long-term effects of allowing naturally ignited fires to burn, and ultimately, improve their ability to implement Wildland Fire Use programs in similar forest types. C1 [Collins, Brandon M.; Kelly, Maggi; Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Jay D.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. [Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 94318 USA. RP Collins, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bcollins@nature.berkeley.edu OI Kelly, Nina Maggi/0000-0002-0198-2822 FU USDA/USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program FX We thank Tadashi Moody for his hard work in starting this project. We also thank Andy Amacher for the helpful discussions on our data analysis. This project was funded by the USDA/USDI Joint Fire Sciences Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 91 TC 109 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413LI UT WOS:000263794200009 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Wemple, BC Jamison, AE Fredriksen, G Shanley, JB Lawrence, GB Bailey, SW Campbell, JL AF Ross, Donald S. Wemple, Beverley C. Jamison, Austin E. Fredriksen, Guinevere Shanley, James B. Lawrence, Gregory B. Bailey, Scott W. Campbell, John L. TI A Cross-Site Comparison of Factors Influencing Soil Nitrification Rates in Northeastern USA Forested Watersheds SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE acidic deposition; ammonification; nitrogen transformations; conifers; Acer saccharum; Picea rubens; soil calcium ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; NET NITRIFICATION; N MINERALIZATION; NEW-YORK; INORGANIC NITROGEN; TEMPERATE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS AB Elevated N deposition is continuing on many forested landscapes around the world and our understanding of ecosystem response is incomplete. Soil processes, especially nitrification, are critical. Many studies of soil N transformations have focused on identifying relationships within a single watershed but these results are often not transferable. We studied 10 small forested research watersheds in the northeastern USA to determine if there were common factors related to soil ammonification and nitrification. Vegetation varied between mixed northern hardwoods and mixed conifers. Watershed surface soils (Oa or A horizons) were sampled at grid or transect points and analyzed for a suite of chemical characteristics. At each sampling point, vegetation and topographic metrics (field and GIS-based) were also obtained. Results were examined by watershed averages (n = 10), seasonal/watershed averages (n = 28), and individual sampling points (n = 608). Using both linear and tree regression techniques, the proportion of conifer species was the single best predictor of nitrification rates, with lower rates at higher conifer dominance. Similar to other studies, the soil C/N ratio was also a good predictor and was well correlated with conifer dominance. Unlike other studies, the presence of Acer saccharum was not by itself a strong predictor, but was when combined with the presence of Betula alleghaniensis. Topographic metrics (slope, aspect, relative elevation, and the topographic index) were not related to N transformation rates across the watersheds. Although found to be significant in other studies, neither soil pH, Ca nor Al was related to nitrification. Results showed a strong relationship between dominant vegetation, soil C, and soil C/N. C1 [Ross, Donald S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Wemple, Beverley C.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Jamison, Austin E.] Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage, Blue Ridge Div, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Fredriksen, Guinevere] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU Northern States Research Cooperative [02CA11242343 110]; USDA Hatch fund [VT-PS-00912] FX This work was supported by the Northern States Research Cooperative (USDA award 02CA11242343 110) and USDA Hatch funds (VT-PS-00912). Numerous undergraduate students assisted with the field and laboratory efforts, including Abby Boak, Graham Burkhart, Shea Hagy, Rachel Hanish, Joe Ibrahim, Natalia Fajardo, Audrey Leduc, Isaac Paul, Lilah Ross, Chris Savastio, Stacy Thompson, Will Wheeler, Jason Wiener, and Kristin Williams. Cooperators at the research sites include Nancy Burt, Kathy Donna, and Hal Bell of theUSForest Service at Lye; Ralph Perron of the US Forest Service at Cone Pond; Jon Denner of the USGS at Sleepers and Brush Brook; and Tom Suleski of the USGS at Buck Creek and Lye. NR 85 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 158 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9214-4 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413LI UT WOS:000263794200012 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Kaiser, JL Grove, RA AF Henny, Charles J. Kaiser, James L. Grove, Robert A. TI PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, OC pesticides and mercury in fish and osprey eggs from Willamette River, Oregon (1993, 2001 and 2006) with calculated biomagnification factors SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Pandion haliaetus; Oregon; Fish; DDE; PCBs; PCDDs; PCDFs; Mercury; Reproduction; Biomagnification factors; Status and trends; Contaminants ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; MONITORING PROGRAM; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RESIDUES; BIRDS; STREAMS; SITES AB The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) population nesting along the main stem Willamette River and lower Santiam River was first studied to evaluate contaminants and reproductive rates in 1993 when 78 occupied nests were present. By 2001, the population increased to 234 occupied nests, a 13.7% annual rate of population increase. A sample egg was collected from each of a series of nests along the Upper River (river mile 55-187) in 1993, 2001 and 2006 to evaluate trends of persistent contaminants (organochlorine [OC] pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins [PCDDs], and polychlorinated dibenzofurans [PCDFs]). Nearly all OC pesticide residues decreased significantly, e.g., p, p'-DDE (DDE) from 2,350 to 1,353 to 210 mu g/kg wet weight (ww). PCBs followed a similar pattern over time, e.g., I PCBs pound 688 to 245 to 182 mu g/kg ww, while PCDDs and PCDFs showed a more precipitous decline (often 85-95%) between 1993 and 2001, with no egg analyses warranted in 2006. During 2001-2002, sample osprey eggs were also collected from nests at three Headwater Reservoirs and two lower reaches (Newberg Pool and Tidal Portland) of the Willamette River, as well as the lower portion of the Santiam River to evaluate spatial residue patterns. Significant differences were seldom detected among the different sampling areas for OC pesticides (probably due to small sample sizes), although higher concentrations were often seen in the lower reaches, e.g., DDE 901 mu g/kg ww (Headwater Reservoirs), 1,353 (Upper River), 1,384 (Newberg Pool) and 2,676 (Tidal Portland). PCB congener concentrations in eggs were usually higher in the Tidal Portland reach than at other locations and often significantly higher than at the Headwater Reservoirs or Upper River. Mercury (first analyzed in eggs in 2001), PCDDs and PCDFs were extremely low in 2001/2002 with no significant spatial patterns. Whole fish composite samples of largescale sucker (Catastomus macrocheilus) and northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), which account for about 90% of the biomass in the diet of this osprey population, were also collected from the Willamette River in 1993 and 2001 and analyzed for the same contaminants as osprey eggs. Contaminant residues in fish from the Upper River decreased between 1993 and 2001, paralleling findings for osprey eggs. Likewise, spatial patterns for fish residues paralleled findings for osprey eggs from the different reaches in 2001. A second empirical estimate of biomagnification factors (BMFs) from fish to osprey eggs for OC pesticides, PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs (ww and lipid weight [lw] basis) was calculated based on residue data collected in 2001. The two independent BMF estimates (1993 and 2001) for each contaminant from the Upper River provide a measure of consistency, e.g., DDE (ww) 87 and 79, (lw) 103 and 112; I PCBs pound (ww) 11 and 8.4, (lw) 13 and 12. Mercury did not biomagnify from fish to osprey eggs (BMF = 0.60). Legacy contaminants investigated had limited (perhaps only DDE), if any, effects on reproductive success of the increasing osprey population nesting along the Willamette River by 2001. C1 [Henny, Charles J.; Kaiser, James L.; Grove, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_j_henny@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 151 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s10646-008-0268-z PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396JZ UT WOS:000262589300001 PM 18830817 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Bushek, D Drane, JW Porter, D AF Gray, Brian R. Bushek, David Drane, J. Wanzer Porter, Dwayne TI Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; Land use; Multilevel logistic regression; Perkinsus marinus ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; DISEASE; ENHANCEMENT AB Infection levels of eastern oysters by the unicellular pathogen Perkinsus marinus have been associated with anthropogenic influences in laboratory studies. However, these relationships have been difficult to investigate in the field because anthropogenic inputs are often associated with natural influences such as freshwater inflow, which can also affect infection levels. We addressed P. marinus-land use associations using field-collected data from Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA, a developed, coastal estuary with relatively minor freshwater inputs. Ten oysters from each of 30 reefs were sampled quarterly in each of 2 years. Distances to nearest urbanized land class and to nearest stormwater outfall were measured via both tidal creeks and an elaboration of Euclidean distance. As the forms of any associations between oyster infection and distance to urbanization were unknown a priori, we used data from the first and second years of the study as exploratory and confirmatory datasets, respectively. With one exception, quarterly land use associations identified using the exploratory dataset were not confirmed using the confirmatory dataset. The exception was an association between the prevalence of moderate to high infection levels in winter and decreasing distance to nearest urban land use. Given that the study design appeared adequate to detect effects inferred from the exploratory dataset, these results suggest that effects of land use gradients were largely insubstantial or were ephemeral with duration less than 3 months. C1 [Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Bushek, David] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ USA. [Drane, J. Wanzer] E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Porter, Dwayne] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Urbanization and Southeastern Estuarine Systems FX We thank Jennifer Keesee, Russ Holley and other Baruch Institute staff for help with collecting oysters and with measuring infection intensity, Matt Neat and David White for assistance with developing the creek network and creek and linear distances within ArcInfo (TM), Dan Tufford for stormwater outfall locations, and Bill Richardson, Steve Zigler and two anonymous reviewers for helpful review comments. Portions of this research were funded by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in support of the Urbanization and Southeastern Estuarine Systems study. The use of trade names or specific products does not constitute an endorsement on the part of either NOAA or the University of South Carolina. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396JZ UT WOS:000262589300012 PM 19015979 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG Allert, AL Poulton, BC Schmitt, CJ Ingersoll, CG AF Besser, John M. Brumbaugh, William G. Allert, Ann L. Poulton, Barry C. Schmitt, Christopher J. Ingersoll, Christopher G. TI Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: Toxicity of sediment and pore water SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Sediment toxicity; Metals; Mining; Amphipod; Pore water; Sediment quality guidelines; Lead; Nickel; Zinc; Cadmium ID AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; SOUTHEASTERN MISSOURI; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; QUALITY GUIDELINES; MINE TAILINGS; ZINC; AREAS; TESTS; FISH; USA AB We studied the toxicity of sediments downstream of lead-zinc mining areas in southeast Missouri, using chronic sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, and pore-water toxicity tests with the daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia. Tests conducted in 2002 documented reduced survival of amphipods in stream sediments collected near mining areas and reduced survival and reproduction of daphnids in most pore waters tested. Additional amphipod tests conducted in 2004 documented significant toxic effects of sediments from three streams downstream of mining areas: Strother Creek, West Fork Black River, and Bee Fork. Greatest toxicity occurred in sediments from a 6-km reach of upper Strother Creek, but significant toxic effects occurred in sediments collected at least 14 km downstream of mining in all three watersheds. Toxic effects were significantly correlated with metal concentrations (nickel, zinc, cadmium, and lead) in sediments and pore waters and were generally consistent with predictions of metal toxicity risks based on sediment quality guidelines, although ammonia and manganese may also have contributed to toxicity at a few sites. Responses of amphipods in sediment toxicity tests were significantly correlated with characteristics of benthic invertebrate communities in study streams. These results indicate that toxicity of metals associated with sediments contributes to adverse ecological effects in streams draining the Viburnum Trend mining district. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Besser, John M.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Allert, Ann L.; Poulton, Barry C.; Schmitt, Christopher J.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 72 IS 2 BP 516 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 372SC UT WOS:000260921000031 PM 18603298 ER PT J AU Meliker, JR Slotnick, MJ Avruskin, GA Haack, SK Nriagu, JO AF Meliker, Jaymie R. Slotnick, Melissa J. Avruskin, Gillian A. Haack, Sheridan K. Nriagu, Jerome O. TI Influence of groundwater recharge and well characteristics on dissolved arsenic concentrations in southeastern Michigan groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Bladder; Cancer; Groundwater; Health; Michigan; Mobilization and transport; Recharge ID DRINKING-WATER; BANGLADESH; GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; BEHAVIOR AB Arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 mu g/l, the United States maximum contaminant level and the World Health Organization guideline value, are frequently reported in groundwater from bedrock and unconsolidated aquifers of southeastern Michigan. Although arsenic-bearing minerals (including arsenian pyrite and oxide/hydroxide phases) have been identified in Marshall Sandstone bedrock of the Mississippian aquifer system and in tills of the unconsolidated aquifer system, mechanisms responsible for arsenic mobilization and subsequent transport in groundwater are equivocal. Recent evidence has begun to suggest that groundwater recharge and characteristics of well construction may affect arsenic mobilization and transport. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between dissolved arsenic concentrations, reported groundwater recharge rates, well construction characteristics, and geology in unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers. Results of multiple linear regression analyses indicate that arsenic contamination is more prevalent in bedrock wells that are cased in proximity to the bedrock-unconsolidated interface; no other factors were associated with arsenic contamination in water drawn from bedrock or unconsolidated aquifers. Conditions appropriate for arsenic mobilization may be found along the bedrock-unconsolidated interface, including changes in reduction/oxidation potential and enhanced biogeochemical activity because of differences between geologic strata. These results are valuable for understanding arsenic mobilization and guiding well construction practices in southeastern Michigan, and may also provide insights for other regions faced with groundwater arsenic contamination. C1 [Meliker, Jaymie R.; Avruskin, Gillian A.] BioMedware Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Slotnick, Melissa J.; Nriagu, Jerome O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Haack, Sheridan K.] US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI USA. RP Meliker, JR (reprint author), BioMedware Inc, 516 N State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM jrmeliker@gmail.com FU NCI [RO-1 CA96002-01] FX Joe Lovato of MDEQ, Brian McKenzie of GCHD, and Dale Lipar of Huron County Health Department proved invaluable both in supplying us with historical arsenic data, and in helping us identify characteristics of the corresponding wells. They have been indispensable resources, assisting us with the intricacies of their datasets. We also thank Steve Aichele, Kelly Warner, Dan Brown, and Pierre Goovaerts for providing detailed, insightful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. This research was made possible by NCI RO-1 CA96002-01. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 EI 1573-2983 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD FEB PY 2009 VL 31 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10653-008-9173-x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 389IR UT WOS:000262086600013 PM 18496757 ER PT J AU Baer, SG Engle, DM Knops, JMH Langeland, KA Maxwell, BD Menalled, FD Symstad, AJ AF Baer, Sara G. Engle, David M. Knops, Johannes M. H. Langeland, Kenneth A. Maxwell, Bruce D. Menalled, Fabian D. Symstad, Amy J. TI Vulnerability of Rehabilitated Agricultural Production Systems to Invasion by Nontarget Plant Species SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agri-environment schemes; Conservation programs; CRP; Invasive species; Restoration ID OLD-WORLD BLUESTEM; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE RESTORATION; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; FIRE-GRAZING INTERACTION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; GREAT-PLAINS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; GRASSLAND RESTORATION; DIVERSITY COMPONENTS; POSITIVE FEEDBACKS AB Vast areas of arable land have been retired from crop production and "rehabilitated'' to improved system states through landowner incentive programs in the United States (e. g., Conservation and Wetland Reserve Programs), as well as Europe (i.e., Agri-Environment Schemes). Our review of studies conducted on invasion of rehabilitated agricultural production systems by nontarget species elucidates several factors that may increase the vulnerability of these systems to invasion. These systems often exist in highly fragmented and agriculturally dominated landscapes, where propagule sources of target species for colonization may be limited, and are established under conditions where legacies of past disturbance persist and prevent target species from persisting. Furthermore, rehabilitation approaches often do not include or successfully attain all target species or historical ecological processes (e. g., hydrology, grazing, and/or fire cycles) key to resisting invasion. Uncertainty surrounds ways in which nontarget species may compromise long term goals of improving biodiversity and ecosystem services through rehabilitation efforts on former agricultural production lands. This review demonstrates that more studies are needed on the extent and ecological impacts of nontarget species as related to the goals of rehabilitation efforts to secure current and future environmental benefits arising from this widespread conservation practice. C1 [Baer, Sara G.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Baer, Sara G.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Langeland, Kenneth A.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Maxwell, Bruce D.; Menalled, Fabian D.] Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Symstad, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Black Hills Stn, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Baer, SG (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM sgbaer@siu.edu FU Center for Invasive Plant Management, Bozeman, Montana FX This synthesis is a product from the Invasive Plant Species and the 2007 Farm Bill Workshop (March 20-21, 2007) that was organized and supported by the Center for Invasive Plant Management, Bozeman, Montana. We are grateful for the time and effort contributed by M. Johnson and J. Clark towards organizing the agenda, discussion, and outcome of this workshop. Lawrence D. Igl, T. Shaffer, Ryan P. Klopf, Virginia H. Dale, Gregory Houseman, and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments towards this manuscript. NR 96 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9167-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418UR UT WOS:000264175400001 PM 18704566 ER PT J AU Brown, LR Kimmerer, W Brown, R AF Brown, Larry R. Kimmerer, Wim Brown, Randall TI Managing Water to Protect Fish: A Review of California's Environmental Water Account, 2001-2005 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Environmental water; Fish; Endangered species; California Delta; Management; Chinook salmon; Delta smelt; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Hypomesus transpacificus ID COLORADO RIVER; STRIPED BASS; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEM; ESTUARY AB The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt, endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into these facilities has required curtailment of pumping, reducing the reliability of water deliveries. We reviewed the first 5 years (2001-2005) of the Environmental Water Account (EWA), a program instituted to resolve conflicts between protecting listed fishes and providing a reliable water supply. The EWA provided fishery agencies with control over 0.2-0.4 km(3) of water to be used for fish protection at no cost to users of exported water, and fish agencies guaranteed no disruption of water supply for fish protection. The EWA was successful in reducing uncertainty in water supply; however, its contribution to the recovery of listed fishes was unclear. We estimated the effectiveness of the EWA to be modest, increasing the survival of winter-run Chinook salmon by 0-6% (dependent on prescreen mortality), adult delta smelt by 0-1%, and juvenile delta smelt by 2-4%. Allocating EWA water for a single life stage of one species could provide larger gains in survival. An optimally allocated EWA of equal size to the median of the first 5 years could increase abundance of juvenile delta smelt up to 7% in the springs of dry years. If the EWA is to become a long-term program, estimates of efficacy should be refined. If the program is to be held accountable for quantitative increases in fish populations, it will be necessary to integrate scientific, possibly experimental, approaches. C1 [Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kimmerer, Wim] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Brown, Randall] Calfed Bay Delta Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov; kimmerer@sfsu.edu RI Bond, Ronald/C-9201-2009 FU CALFED Science Program FX We thank the many agency biologists and others that reviewed early versions of the manuscript. The authors thank the CALFED Science Program for providing funding for this review. This article is dedicated to the memory of our friend and co-author, Randy Brown, who passed away while it was being written. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 418UR UT WOS:000264175400013 PM 18830738 ER PT J AU Ramette, A Boetius, A Danchin, A Eloe, E Celussi, M Croal, L Gifford, S Gomez-Consarnau, L Hahn, MW Hoehler, TM Jorgensen, BB Karl, DM Kolter, R Moran, MA Muller, V Ollivier, B Guyot, F Oremland, RS Stolz, JF Pearson, A Stahl, DA Teusink, B Bruggeman, FJ Molenaar, D Stoeck, T Epstein, S Tummler, B Wommack, KE Zehr, JP AF Ramette, Alban Boetius, Antje Danchin, Antoine Eloe, Emiley Celussi, Mauro Croal, Laura Gifford, Scott Gomez-Consarnau, Laura Hahn, Martin W. Hoehler, Tori M. Jorgensen, Bo B. Karl, David M. Kolter, Roberto Moran, Mary Ann Mueller, Volker Ollivier, Bernard Guyot, Francois Oremland, Ronald S. Stolz, John F. Pearson, Ann Stahl, David A. Teusink, Bas Bruggeman, Frank J. Molenaar, Douwe Stoeck, Thorsten Epstein, Slava Tuemmler, Burkhard Wommack, K. Eric Zehr, Jonathan P. TI Crystal ball-2009 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS GENES; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; RARE BIOSPHERE; MARINE VIRUSES; DEEP-SEA; BACTERIA; DIVERSITY; OCEAN; MICROORGANISMS C1 [Ramette, Alban; Boetius, Antje; Jorgensen, Bo B.] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Bremen, Germany. [Danchin, Antoine] Inst Pasteur, Genet Bacterial Genomes CNRS, URA2171, Paris, France. [Eloe, Emiley] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Celussi, Mauro] Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, Dipartimento Oceanog Biol, Trieste, Italy. [Croal, Laura] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gifford, Scott; Moran, Mary Ann] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gomez-Consarnau, Laura] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, Kalmar, Sweden. [Hahn, Martin W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria. [Hoehler, Tori M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Jorgensen, Bo B.] Univ Aarhus, Inst Biol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Karl, David M.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kolter, Roberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Mueller, Volker] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Ollivier, Bernard] Univ Aix Marseille 1, Lab Microbiol IRD, UMR IFR BAIM 180, Marseille, France. [Ollivier, Bernard] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Marseille, France. [Guyot, Francois] Univ Paris 06, IMPMC, Lab Mineral, Paris, France. [Guyot, Francois] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IPGP, Paris, France. [Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stolz, John F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Pearson, Ann] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stahl, David A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Teusink, Bas; Bruggeman, Frank J.; Molenaar, Douwe] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NISB, Ctr Integrat Bioinformat IBIVU, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stoeck, Thorsten] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Ecol, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Epstein, Slava] Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tuemmler, Burkhard] Hannover Med Sch, D-30623 Hannover, Germany. [Wommack, K. Eric] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Delaware, OH USA. [Wommack, K. Eric] Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Delaware, OH USA. [Zehr, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Ramette, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Bremen, Germany. RI IMPMC, Geobio/F-8819-2016; Boetius, Antje/D-5459-2013; Hahn, Martin/B-9998-2008; Molenaar, Douwe/D-2017-2010; Moran, Mary Ann/B-6939-2012; Jorgensen, Bo/C-2214-2013; Zehr, Jonathan/B-3513-2014; Bruggeman, Frank/C-4356-2015; Ramette, Alban/E-9197-2016; Ollivier, Bernard/I-6150-2016; GUYOT, Francois/C-3824-2016 OI Boetius, Antje/0000-0003-2117-4176; Hahn, Martin/0000-0003-0501-2556; Molenaar, Douwe/0000-0001-7108-4545; Jorgensen, Bo/0000-0001-9398-8027; Zehr, Jonathan/0000-0002-5691-5408; Bruggeman, Frank/0000-0002-0255-4766; Ramette, Alban/0000-0002-3437-4639; GUYOT, Francois/0000-0003-4622-2218 NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1758-2229 J9 ENV MICROBIOL REP JI Environ. Microbiol. Rep. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2008.00010.x PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 606PB UT WOS:000278438000002 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Norstrom, RJ Orazio, CE Schmitt, CJ Tillitt, DE AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Norstrom, Ross J. Orazio, Carl E. Schmitt, Christopher J. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Persistence of organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the Tombigbee River (Alabama, USA): Continuing risk to wildlife from a former DDT manufacturing facility SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane; Pesticides; Superfund; Micropterus; Risk assessment ID REPRODUCTIVE BIOMARKER RESPONSES; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; BALD EAGLE EGGS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; HEALTH INDICATORS; HERRING-GULLS; LAKE-ONTARIO; OSPREY EGGS; EXPOSURE; BIOACCUMULATION AB Organochlorine pesticide and total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were measured in largemouth bass from the Tombigbee River near a former DDT manufacturing facility at McIntosh, Alabama. Evaluation of mean p,p'- and o,p'-DDT isomer concentrations and o,p'- versus p,p'-isomer proportions in McIntosh bass indicated that DDT is moving off site from the facility and into the Tombigbee River. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT isomers in McIntosh bass remained unchanged from 1974 to 2004 and were four times greater than contemporary concentrations from a national program. Total DDT in McIntosh bass exceeded dietary effect concentrations developed for bald eagle and osprey. Hexachlorobenzene, PCBs, and toxaphene concentrations in bass from McIntosh also exceeded thresholds to protect fish and piscivorous wildlife. Whereas concentrations of DDT and most other organochlorine chemicals in fish have generally declined in the U.S. since their ban, concentrations of DDT in fish from McIntosh remain elevated and represent a threat to wildlife. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Orazio, Carl E.; Schmitt, Christopher J.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Norstrom, Ross J.] RJN Environm, Ottawa, ON K1C 5P5, Canada. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 157 IS 2 BP 582 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.021 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401VZ UT WOS:000262971900031 PM 18851891 ER PT J AU Condon, AM Cristol, DA AF Condon, Anne M. Cristol, Daniel A. TI FEATHER GROWTH INFLUENCES BLOOD MERCURY LEVEL OF YOUNG SONGBIRDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bird; Feather; Fledgling; Mercury; Molt ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; DOSE-RESPONSE; BIRD FEATHERS; METHYLMERCURY; AGE; ACCUMULATION; EXCRETION; EXPOSURE AB Dynamics of mercury in feathers and blood of free-living songbirds is poorly understood. Nestling eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) living along the mercury-contaminated South River (Virginia, USA) had blood mercury levels an order of magnitude lower than their parents (nestling: 0.09 +/- 0.06 mg/kg [mean +/- standard deviation], n = 156; adult: 1.21 +/- 0.57 mg/kg, n = 86). To test whether this low blood mercury was the result of mercury sequestration in rapidly growing feathers, we repeatedly sampled free-living juveniles throughout the period of feather growth and molt. Mean blood mercury concentrations increased to 0.52 +/- 0.36 mg/kg (n = 44) after the completion of feather growth. Some individuals had reached adult blood mercury levels within three months of leaving the nest, but levels dropped to 0.20 +/- 0.09 mg/kg (n = 11) once the autumn molt had begun. Most studies of mercury contamination in juvenile birds have focused on recently hatched young with thousands of rapidly growing feathers. However, the highest risk period for mercury intoxication in young birds may be during the vulnerable period after fledging, when feathers no longer serve as a buffer against dietary mercury. We found that nestling blood mercury levels were not indicative of the extent of contamination because a large portion of the ingested mercury ended up in feathers. The present study demonstrates unequivocally that in songbirds blood mercury level is influenced strongly by the growth and molt of feathers. C1 [Condon, Anne M.; Cristol, Daniel A.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Inst Integrat Bird Behav Studies, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Condon, AM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Field Off, 6669 Short Lane, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. EM anne_condon@fws.gov FU E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company; Williamsburg Bird Club; Virginia Society of Ornithology; National Science Foundation [BioMath 0436318]; College of William and Mary Office of Vice Provost for Research FX Funding was provided by E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Williamsburg Bird Club, Virginia Society of Ornithology, National Science Foundation Underground BioMath 0436318, and College of William and Mary Office of Vice Provost for Research. We thank Alena Arkhipov, Rachel Fovargue, George Gilchrist, Kelly Hallinger, Paul Heideman, Sumalee Hoskins, Liz Langer, Maryse Leandre, Kevin Lonabaugh, Tom Meier, Adrian Monroe, Mike Newman, Bart Paxton, Timothy Russell, John Schmerfeld, John Swaddle, Robert Taylor, Lydia Wright-Jackson, land owners along the South River, and the South River Science Team. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 15 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1897/08-094.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 398HN UT WOS:000262723300022 PM 18937528 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Laing, KJ Woodson, JC Thorgaard, GH Hansen, JD AF Purcell, Maureen K. Laing, Kerry J. Woodson, James C. Thorgaard, Gary H. Hansen, John D. TI Characterization of the interferon genes in homozygous rainbow trout reveals two novel genes, alternate splicing and differential regulation of duplicated genes SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hot Creek trout; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; DNA vaccine; Poly I:C; Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR; Type I interferon; Interferon gamma ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DNA VACCINE; CHANNEL CATFISH; GAMMA GENES; IFN-GAMMA; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; FISH; ZEBRAFISH AB The genes encoding the type I and type II interferons (IFNs) have previously been identified in rainbow trout and their proteins partially characterized. These previous studies reported a single type II IFN (rtIFN-gamma) and three rainbow trout type I IFN genes that are classified into either group I (rtIFNI, rtIFN2) or group II (rtIFN3). In this present study, we report the identification of a novel IFN-gamma gene (rtIFN-gamma 2) and a novel type I group 11 IFN (rtIFN4) in homozygous rainbow trout and predict that additional IFN genes or pseudogenes exist in the rainbow trout genome. Additionally, we provide evidence that short and long forms of rtIFNI are actively and differentially transcribed in homozygous trout, and likely arose due to alternate splicing of the first exon. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were developed to systematically profile all of the rainbow trout IFN transcripts, with high specificity at an individual gene level, in naive fish and after stimulation with virus or viral-related molecules Cloned PCR. products were used to ensure the specificity of the qRT-PCR assays and as absolute standards to assess transcript abundance of each gene. All IFN genes were modulated in response to Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a DNA vaccine based on the IHNV glycoprotein, and poly I:C. The most inducible of the type I IFN genes, by all stimuli tested, were rtIFN3 and the short transcript form of rtIFNI. Gene expression of rtIFN-gamma 1 and rtIFN-gamma 2 was highly up-regulated by IHNV infection and DNA vaccination but rtIFN-gamma 2 was induced to a greater magnitude. The specificity of the qRT-PCR assays reported here will be useful for future studies aimed at identifying which cells produce IFNs at early time points after infection. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Woodson, James C.; Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98034 USA. [Laing, Kerry J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98034 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov RI Laing, Kerry/C-2211-2008; OI Laing, Kerry/0000-0001-9245-5325; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [200635204-17393, 02066006] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Eric Landis (National Marine Fisheries Service) and Gael Kurath (Western Fisheries Research Center). Paul Wheeler (Washington State University) provided the homozygous trout used in this study. Dr. Scott LaPatra (Clear Springs Food Inc.) provided the outbred trout used in this study. The authors thank Dr. Jun Zou (University of Aberdeen) for helpful discussion. The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 200635204-17393 and grant number 02066006. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 26 IS 2 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.012 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 421AH UT WOS:000264329800013 PM 19070666 ER PT J AU Barrett, PJ AF Barrett, Paul J. TI Estimating Devils Hole Pupfish Lifestage Ratios Using the Delphi Method SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) is one of the rarest and most restricted vertebrates in the world. It exists in a single location in southwest Nevada and in recent years the population has fluctuated between 38 and 95 individuals. To better inform population dynamics models and decision support efforts, the Delphi method was used to iteratively query six experts on lifestage ratios of the species. Expert estimations for egg production changed significantly during the exercise. If experts do not reach consensus for a given parameter, it can be taken as an index of uncertainty and an area requiring more quantitative research. The Delphi method proved to be valuable when decisions must be made in lieu of empirical information but should not be used as a Substitute for pursuing those data. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nevada State Off, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Barrett, PJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nevada State Off, Las Vegas, NV USA. EM Paul_Barrett@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX I thank J. Deacon, A. Echelle, R. Liu, M. Parker, J. Pedretti, and A. Valdes who kindly offered their expert opinions on Devils Hole pupfish propagation. Any errors or misinterpretation are mine alone. J. Szymanski kindly reviewed a draft of this paper. This study was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. However, the views and conclusions are mine, and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Fish and Wildlife Service or any of the participants. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.2.73 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477NA UT WOS:000268524600010 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Jennings, CA AF Grabowski, T. B. Jennings, C. A. TI Radio-tagged, hatchery-reared guide fish: a method for uncovering information about rare or cryptic fishes SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDHORSE MOXOSTOMA-ROBUSTUM; SAVANNA RIVER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; OCONEE RIVER; HABITAT; GEORGIA; CATOSTOMIDAE; MOVEMENT; STURGEON; SUCKERS C1 [Grabowski, T. B.; Jennings, C. A.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM tbg@hi.is NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 68 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00618.x PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 397CQ UT WOS:000262640100009 ER PT J AU Kubecka, J Hohausova, E Matena, J Peterka, J Amarasinghe, US Bonar, SA Hateley, J Hickley, P Suuronen, P Tereschenko, V Welcomme, R Winfield, IJ AF Kubecka, Jan Hohausova, Eva Matena, Josef Peterka, Jiri Amarasinghe, Upali S. Bonar, Scott A. Hateley, Jon Hickley, Phil Suuronen, Petri Tereschenko, Vladimir Welcomme, Robin Winfield, Ian J. TI The true picture of a lake or reservoir fish stock: A review of needs and progress SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fish stock assessment; Active and passive gear; Catch statistics; Intercalibration; Standardization; Accuracy; Ground truthing; Interpretation AB The conference 'Fish Stock Assessment Methods for Lakes and Reservoirs: Towards the True Picture of Fish Stock' (FSAMLR) was held in September 2007 in Ceske Budejovice. Czech Republic. A total of 110 participants from 34 countries attended the meeting and 93 lectures were presented. Great advances were reported in fish surveys using hydroacoustics and multimesh gillnet techniques, with nearly 60% of all presentations dealing with these topics. in contrast, the use of other active sampling gear, especially trawling and purse seining, received relatively little attention and still requires substantial further development. Reviews of standardization of fish sampling in the European Union, Russia and North America were also presented and clearly showed the benefits of standardized procedures. A number of contributions emphasized the need to use a combination of several methods for the same habitat. A true picture of the fish stock includes knowledge of the abundance, biomass, number of species, size and age compositions. Obtaining results of assured quality for all important lake and reservoir habitats and time periods still presents a significant challenge, although good progress is being made towards this important objective. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kubecka, Jan; Hohausova, Eva; Matena, Josef; Peterka, Jiri] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Vvi, Inst Hydrobiol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Amarasinghe, Upali S.] Univ Kelaniya, Dept Zool, Kelanyia 11600, Sri Lanka. [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hateley, Jon] Environm Hyg Agcy, Warrington WA4 1HG, Cheshire, England. [Hickley, Phil] Environm Hyg Agcy, Kidderminster DY11 7RA, Czech Republic. [Suuronen, Petri] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, Helsinki 00791, Finland. [Tereschenko, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Inland Waters, Borok 152742, Russia. [Welcomme, Robin] Long Barn, Sudbury CO10 8HJ, Suffolk, England. [Winfield, Ian J.] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England. RP Kubecka, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Vvi, Inst Hydrobiol, Sadkach 7, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. EM kubecka@hbu.cas.cz RI Winfield, Ian/I-6085-2012; Peterka, Jiri/C-7218-2014; Matena, Josef/F-8254-2014; Kubecka, Jan/A-8230-2011 OI Winfield, Ian/0000-0001-9296-5114; Kubecka, Jan/0000-0001-9203-4854 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.021 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 407XC UT WOS:000263396600001 ER PT J AU Yule, DL Stockwell, JD Schreiner, DR Evrard, LM Balge, M Hrabik, TR AF Yule, D. L. Stockwell, J. D. Schreiner, D. R. Evrard, L. M. Balge, M. Hrabik, T. R. TI Can pelagic forage fish and spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) biomass in the western arm of Lake Superior be assessed with a single summer survey? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fish Stock Assessment Methods for Lakes and Reservoirs - Toward the True Picture of Fish Stock CY SEP, 2007 CL Ceske Budejovice, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Acoustic fish assessment; Forage fish biomass; Midwater trawl catches; Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax); Kiyi (Coregonus kiyi); Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; AUTUMNALIS MIGRATORIUS; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; WALLEYE POLLOCK; TARGET STRENGTH; RAINBOW SMELT; TRAWL SURVEYS; PREY FISHES; ABUNDANCE; POPULATION AB Management efforts to rehabilitate lake trout Salvelinus nomaycush in Lake Superior have been successful and the recent increase in their numbers has led to interest in measuring biomass of pelagic prey fish species important to these predators. Lake Superior cisco Coregonus artedi currently support roe fisheries and determining the sustainability of these fisheries is an important management issue. We conducted acoustic and midwater trawl surveys of the western arm of Lake Superior during three periods: summer Uuly-August), October, and November 2006 to determine if a single survey can be timed to estimate biomass of both prey fish and spawning cisco. We evaluated our methods by comparing observed trawl catches of small (<250 mm total length) and large fish to expected trawl catches based on acoustic densities in the trawl path. We found the relationship between observed and expected catches approached unity over a wide range of densities, suggesting that our acoustic method provided reasonable estimates of fish density, and that midwater trawling methods were free of species- and size-selectivity issues. Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax was by number the most common species captured in the nearshore (<80 m bathymetric depth) stratum during all three surveys, while kiyi Coregonus kiyi was predominant offshore except during November. Total biomass estimates of rainbow smelt in the western arm were similar during all three surveys, while total biomass of kiyi was similar between summer and October, but was lower in November. Total biomass of large cisco increased substantially in November, while small bloater Coregonus hoyi biomass was lower. We compared our summer 2006 estimates of total fish biomass to the results of a summer survey in 1997 and obtained similar results. We conclude that the temporal window for obtaining biomass estimates of pelagic prey species in the western arm of Lake Superior is wide (July through October), but estimating spawning cisco abundance is best done with a November survey. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yule, D. L.; Stockwell, J. D.; Evrard, L. M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Schreiner, D. R.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake Super Area Fisheries, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Balge, M.; Hrabik, T. R.] Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Yule, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dyule@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.012 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 407XC UT WOS:000263396600007 ER PT J AU Pellerin, BA Downing, BD Kendall, C Dahlgren, RA Kraus, TEC Saraceno, J Spencer, RGM Bergamaschi, BA AF Pellerin, Brian A. Downing, Bryan D. Kendall, Carol Dahlgren, Randy A. Kraus, Tamara E. C. Saraceno, Johnfranco Spencer, Robert G. M. Bergamaschi, Brian A. TI Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; diurnal; isotopes; nitrate; sensors ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; DIEL VARIATION; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; STREAM; ASSIMILATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SEAWATER; MONTANA AB We investigated diurnal nitrate (NO(3)(-)) concentration variability in the San Joaquin River using an in situ optical NO(3)(-) sensor and discrete sampling during a 5-day summer period characterized by high algal productivity. Dual NO(3)(-) isotopes (delta(15)N(NO3) and delta(18)O(NO3)) and dissolved oxygen isotopes (delta(18)O(DO)) were measured over 2 days to assess NO(3)(-) sources and biogeochemical controls over diurnal time-scales. Concerted temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and delta(18)O(DO) were consistent with photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric O(2) exchange, providing evidence of diurnal biological processes independent of river discharge. Surface water NO(3)(-) concentrations varied by up to 22% over a single diurnal cycle and up to 31% over the 5-day study, but did not reveal concerted diurnal patterns at a frequency comparable to DO concentrations. The decoupling of delta(15)N(NO3) and delta(18)O(NO3) isotopes suggests that algal assimilation and denitrification are not major processes controlling diurnal NO(3)(-) variability in the San Joaquin River during the study. The lack of a clear explanation for NO(3)(-) variability likely reflects a combination of riverine biological processes and time-varying physical transport of NO(3)(-) from upstream agricultural drains to the mainstem San Joaquin River. The application of an in situ optical NO(3)(-) sensor along with discrete samples provides a view into the fine temporal structure of hydrochemical data and may allow for greater accuracy in pollution assessment. C1 [Pellerin, Brian A.; Downing, Bryan D.; Kraus, Tamara E. C.; Saraceno, Johnfranco; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dahlgren, Randy A.; Spencer, Robert G. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pellerin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bpeller@usgs.gov OI Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship FX We thank the Turlock Pistol Club for site access, Emily Volkmar, Sal Henson and Mark Rollog for help in the field and Dan Doctor, Steve Silva, Scott Wankel and Sue Bird for lab analyses. We also thank Charlie Kratzer, Doug Burns, Roger Fujii and two anonymous reviews for helpful comments and Donna Knifong for Fig. 1. Funding for this work was provided in part by a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship to B.A.P. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 37 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 8 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 54 IS 2 BP 376 EP 387 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 394TI UT WOS:000262470300012 ER PT J AU Graham, GE Kelley, KD Slack, JF Koenig, AE AF Graham, Garth E. Kelley, Karen D. Slack, John F. Koenig, Alan E. TI Trace elements in Zn-Pb-Ag deposits and related stream sediments, Brooks Range Alaska, with implications for T1 as a pathfinder element SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; pathfinder elements; Zn-Pb-Ag deposits; stream sediments; thallium ID HIGH THALLIUM CONTENT; LITHOGEOCHEMICAL HALOS; GEOCHEMICAL VECTORS; NORTHERN ALASKA; DISTRICT; ROCKS; MINERALIZATION; ORIGIN; ORE; TL AB The Zn-Pb-Ag metallogenic province of the western and central Brooks Range, Alaska, contains two distinct but mineralogically similar deposit types: shale hosted massive sulphide (SHMS) and smaller vein-breccia occurrences. Recent investigations of the Red Dog and Anarraaq SIMS deposits demonstrated that these deposits are characterized by high trace-element concentrations of As, Ge, Sb and T1. This paper examines geochemistry of additional SHMS deposits (Drenchwater and Su-Lik) to determine which trace elements are ubiquitously elevated in all SHMS deposits. Data from several vein-breccia occurrences are also presented to see if trace-element concentrations can distinguish SHMS deposits from vein-breccia occurrences. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that T1 is the most consistently and highly concentrated characteristic trace element in SHMS deposits relative to regional unmineralized rock samples. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of pyrite and sphalerite indicate that T1 is concentrated in pyrite in SHMS. Stream sediment data from the Drenchwater and Su-Lik SHMS show that high T1 concentrations are more broadly distributed proximal to known or suspected mineralization than As, Sb, Zn and Pb anomalies. This broader distribution of T1 in whole-rock and particularly stream sediment samples increases the footprint of exposed and shallowly buried SHMS mineralization. High T1 concentrations also distinguish SHMS mineralization from the vein-breccia deposits, as the latter lack high concentrations of T1 but can other wise have similar trace-element signatures to SHMS deposits. C1 [Graham, Garth E.; Kelley, Karen D.; Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Graham, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ggraham@usgs.gov OI Graham, Garth/0000-0003-0657-0365 FU US Bureau of Land Management FX The Drenchwater fieldwork was done with the support of the US Bureau of Land Management. We would like in particular to thank Mike Kunz for his logistical support. Also Erin Marsh of the US F Geological Survey assisted in field sampling. Thank you to all the reviewers who helped to improve this paper. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 9 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1144/1467-7873/08-177 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 405JC UT WOS:000263218100003 ER PT J AU Milazzo, MP Keszthelyi, LP Jaeger, WL Rosiek, M Mattson, S Verba, C Beyer, RA Geissler, PE McEwen, AS AF Milazzo, M. P. Keszthelyi, L. P. Jaeger, W. L. Rosiek, M. Mattson, S. Verba, C. Beyer, R. A. Geissler, P. E. McEwen, A. S. CA HiRISE Team TI Discovery of columnar jointing on Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERBERUS FOSSAE; LAVA; BASALT; GROUNDWATER; GROWTH; FLOWS; WATER AB We report on the discovery of columnar jointing in Marte Valles, Mars. These columnar lavas were discovered in the wall of a pristine, 16-km-diameter impact crater and exhibit the features of terrestrial columnar basalts. There are discontinuous outcrops along the entire crater wall, suggesting that the columnar rocks covered a surface area of at least 200 km(2), assuming that the rocks obliterated by the impact event were similarly jointed. We also see columns in the walls of other fresh craters in the nearby volcanic plains of Elysium Planitia-Amazonis Planitia, which include Marte Vallis, and in a well-preserved crater in northeast Hellas. C1 [Milazzo, M. P.; Keszthelyi, L. P.; Jaeger, W. L.; Rosiek, M.; Verba, C.; Geissler, P. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mattson, S.; McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Beyer, R. A.] SETI Search Extraterrestrial Intelligence Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Beyer, R. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Milazzo, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM moses@usgs.gov OI Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX We thank everyone at the HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) Operations Center (HiROC) at the University of Arizona for their tremendous efforts in requiring and processing the HiRISE images this study used. This work was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project, and has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. The data were processed with the U.S. Geological Survey Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS). We thank Scott Rowland and John Wolff, who provided in-depth reviews that significantly improved the quality of the paper. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1130/G25187A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 403QK UT WOS:000263096900019 ER PT J AU Snyder, NP Castele, MR Wright, JR AF Snyder, Noah P. Castele, Michael R. Wright, Jed R. TI Bedload entrainment in low-gradient paraglacial coastal rivers of Maine, USA: Implications for habitat restoration SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bedload; Stream channel; Stream restoration; Paraglacial; Maine; New England ID GRAVEL-BEDDED RIVERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-ENGLAND; SEDIMENT; BEDROCK; GEOMORPHOLOGY; NORTHERN; STREAMS; FLOODS AB The rivers of coastal Maine flow through mainstem lakes and long low-gradient reaches that break the continuum of bedload transport expected in nonparaglacial landscapes. Stream erosion of glacial deposits supplies coarse sediment to these systems. The land use history includes intensive timber harvest and associated dam construction, which may have altered the frequency of substrate-mobilizing events. These watersheds are vital habitat for the last remaining wild anadromous Atlantic salmon in the United States. Future adjustments in channel morphology and habitat quality (via natural stream processes or restoration projects) depend on erosion, transport, and deposition of coarse sediment. These factors motivate our study of competence at four sites in the Sheepscot and Narraguagus watersheds. Three of the four sites behaved roughly similarly, with particle entrainment during intervals that include winter ice and spring flood conditions, and relatively minor bed mobilization during moderate floods in the summer and fall (with a recurrence interval of 2-3 years). The fourth site, on the Sheepscot River mainstem, exhibits more vigorous entrainment of marked particles and more complex three-dimensional channel morphology. This contrast is partially due to local geomorphic conditions that favor high shear stresses (particularly relatively steep gradient), but also likely to nourishment of the bedload saltation system by recruitment from an eroding glacial deposit upstream. our results suggest that the frequency and magnitude of bedload transport are reach specific, depending on factors including local channel geometry, upstream sediment supply and transport, and formation of anchor ice. This presents a challenge for stream practitioners in this region: different reaches may require contrasting management strategies. Our results underscore the importance of understanding channel processes at a given site and assessing conditions upstream and downstream as a prerequisite for conducting habitat restoration projects. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Snyder, Noah P.; Castele, Michael R.] Boston Coll, Dept Geol & Geophys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02130 USA. [Wright, Jed R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Maine Coastal Program, Falmouth, ME 04105 USA. RP Snyder, NP (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Geol & Geophys, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02130 USA. EM noah.snyder@bc.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2005-0009-020]; National Science Foundation [0645343]; National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping FX This research was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Maine Atlantic Salmon Conservation Fund (award 2005-0009-020 to NPS). The high-resolution elevation data shown in Figs. 3-5 were collected as part of National Science Foundation award #0645343, by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping. We thank Boston College students Michele Gryga, Eric Hazlinsky, Alan Kasprak, David Santaniello, and Benjamin Wilkins for field assistance. We also thank Alex Abbott (USFWS) and Melissa Laser and Greg Mackey (both of the Maine Bureau of Sea-Run Fisheries and Habitat) for field and data support. This study benefited from conversations with Francis Magilligan (Dartmouth College) and Keith Nislow (U.S. Forest Service), a helpful review of an earlier draft by Magilligan, and suggestions from three anonymous referees. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3 BP 430 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.07.013 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 386GU UT WOS:000261871100012 ER PT J AU Biggs, J Burgmann, R Freymueller, JT Lu, Z Parsons, B Ryder, I Schmalzle, G Wright, T AF Biggs, Juliet Burgmann, Roland Freymueller, Jeffrey T. Lu, Zhong Parsons, Barry Ryder, Isabelle Schmalzle, Gina Wright, Tim TI The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: constraints from InSAR 2003-2005 SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Space geodetic surveys; Seismic cycle; Radar interferometry; Continental tectonics: strike-slip and transform; Rheology: crust and lithosphere ID LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; CENTRAL ALASKA; HECTOR MINE; DEFORMATION; MANTLE; INTERFEROMETRY; RELAXATION; THICKNESS; RUPTURE AB InSAR is particularly sensitive to vertical displacements, which can be important in distinguishing between mechanisms responsible for the postseismic response to large earthquakes (afterslip, viscoelastic relaxation). We produce maps of the surface displacements resulting from the postseismic response to the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, using data from the Canadian Radarsat-1 satellite from the periods summer 2003, summer 2004 and summer 2005. A peak-to-trough signal of amplitude 4 cm in the satellite line of sight was observed between summer 2003 and summer 2004. By the period between summer 2004 and summer 2005, the displacement rate had dropped below the threshold required for observation with InSAR over a single year. The InSAR observations show that the principal postseismic relaxation process acted at a depth of similar to 50 km, equivalent to the top of the mantle. However, the observations are still incapable of distinguishing between distributed (viscoelastic relaxation) and localized (afterslip) deformation. The imposed coseismic stresses are highest in the lower crust and, assuming a Maxwell rheology, a viscosity ratio of at least 5 between lower crust and upper mantle is required to explain the contrast in behaviour. The lowest misfits are produced by mixed models of viscoelastic relaxation in the mantle and shallow afterslip in the upper crust. Profiles perpendicular to the fault show significant asymmetry, which is consistent with differences in rheological structure across the fault. C1 [Biggs, Juliet; Parsons, Barry] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Burgmann, Roland; Ryder, Isabelle] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Lu, Zhong] Cascades Volcano Observ, USGS, Vancouver, WA USA. [Biggs, Juliet; Schmalzle, Gina] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Wright, Tim] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Biggs, J (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM Juliet.Biggs@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Biggs, Juliet/D-4599-2011; Wright, Tim/A-5892-2011; Parsons, Barry/K-4716-2012; NCEO, COMET+`/A-3443-2013; OI Wright, Tim/0000-0001-8338-5935; Biggs, Juliet/0000-0002-4855-039X FU Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes and Tectonics (COMET); NSF [EAR-0328043, EAR-0310410]; University of Cambridge; Royal Society Research Fellowship FX This work was funded by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes and Tectonics (COMET) via a studentship to JB. The GPS data collection and analysis, and salary for JF, were supported by NSF grants EAR-0328043 and EAR-0310410. JB was also supported by a Harkness Fellowship from the University of Cambridge. TJW is supported by a Royal Society Research Fellowship. All the data were provided by the Canadian Space Agency, via the Alaska Satellite Facility. We would like to thank Philip England, Freystein Sigmundsson, Gareth Funning, John Elliott and Michael Floyd for useful discussions and to Sigurjon Jonsson and one anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We are grateful to Fred Pollitz for the use of the VISCO1D code. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 176 IS 2 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 394TJ UT WOS:000262470500001 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Powell, RE AF Langenheim, V. E. Powell, R. E. TI Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implication the San Andreas fault system SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NEOGENE CRUSTAL ROTATIONS; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; OROCOPIA MOUNTAINS; TECTONIC ROTATION; HECTOR MINE; GRAVITY; EARTHQUAKES; ANOMALIES; LANDERS; BORDERLAND AB The Eastern Transverse Ranges, adjacent to and southeast of the big left bend of the San Andreas fault, southern California, form a crustal block that has rotated clockwise in response to dextral shear within the San Andreas system. Previous studies have indicated a discrepancy between the measured magnitudes of left slip on through-going east-striking fault zones of the Eastern Transverse Ranges and those predicted by simple geometric models using paleomagnetically determined clockwise rotations of basalts distributed along the faults. To assess the magnitude and source of this discrepancy, we apply new gravity and magnetic data in combination with geologic data to better constrain cumulative fault offsets and to define basin structure for the block between the Pinto Mountain and Chiriaco fault zones. Estimates of offset from using the length of pull-apart basins developed within left-stepping strands of the sinistral faults are consistent with those derived by matching offset magnetic anomalies and bedrock patterns, indicating a cumulative offset of at most similar to 40 km. The upper limit of displacements constrained by the geophysical and geologic data overlaps with the lower limit of those predicted at the 95% confidence level by models of conservative slip located on margins of rigid rotating blocks and the clockwise rotation of the paleomagnetic vectors. Any discrepancy is likely resolved by internal deformation within the blocks, such as intense deformation adjacent to the San Andreas fault ( that can account for the absence of basins there as predicted by rigid-block models) and linkage via subsidiary faults between the main faults. C1 [Langenheim, V. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Powell, R. E.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 989, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU USGS; National Park Service FX We thank Dave Miller, Bob Jachens, Jack Hillhouse, Jon Matti, and Laura Serpa for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Bruce Luyendyk provided not only useful comments on the manuscript, but also data, unpublished reports, and advice. We gratefully acknowledge Luke Sabala of the Joshua Tree National Park for his unflagging logistical support and interest in this work. We recognize Shawn Biehler and his legion of students for measuring gravity not only in this area, but throughout southern California, and we also thank Darcy McPhee, Meg Anderson, Janet Tilden Watt, Bruce Chuchel, Craig McCabe, and Phil Stoffer, all of or formerly with the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), for their field efforts in the park. Last, but not least, we thank the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping program of the USGS and the National Park Service for financial support. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1130/GES00177.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 406XE UT WOS:000263327400001 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Darby, D Eberle, D Jennings, AE Moros, M Ogilvie, A AF Andrews, John T. Darby, Dennis Eberle, Dennis Jennings, Anne E. Moros, Matthias Ogilvie, Astrid TI A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: implications for North Atlantic climate SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE Ice rafted debris; Iceland; quartz; drift ice; Holocene; Arctic basin ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; QUANTITATIVE MINERALOGY; SHELF; GREENLAND; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; SEDIMENTS; RECORDS; STRAIT; SYSTEM AB An important indicator of Holocene climate change is provided by evidence for variations in the extent of drift ice. A proxy for drift ice in Iceland waters is provided by the presence of quartz. Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 mm sediment fraction was undertaken on 16 cores from around Iceland. The quartz weight (wt.)% estimates from each core were integrated into 250-yr intervals between -0.05 and 11.7 cal. ka BP. Median quartz wt.% varied between 0.2 and 3.4 and maximum values ranged between 2.8 and 11.8 wt.%. High values were attained in the early Holocene and minimum values were reached 6 7 cal. ka BP. Quartz wt.% then rose steadily during the late Holocene. Our data exhibit no correlation with counts on haematite-stained quartz (HSQ) grains from VM129-191 west of Ireland casting doubt on the ice-transport origin. A pilot study on the provenance of Fe oxide grains in two cores that cover the last 1.3 and 6.1 cal. ka BP indicated a large fraction of the grains between I and 6 cal. ka BP were from either Icelandic or presently unsampled sources. However, there was a dramatic increase in Canadian and Russian sources from the Arctic Ocean similar to 1 cal. ka BP. These data may indicate the beginning of an Arctic Oscillation-like climate mode. C1 [Andrews, John T.; Jennings, Anne E.; Ogilvie, Astrid] INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Andrews, John T.; Jennings, Anne E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Darby, Dennis] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Eberle, Dennis] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Moros, Matthias] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Moros, Matthias] Balt Sea Res Inst, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. [Ogilvie, Astrid] Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Andrews, JT (reprint author), INSTAAR, Box 450, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM john.t.andrews@colorado.edu FU NSF [OPP 0326776, ATM-0502515, B997-347, MD99-2264, MD99-2269, OPP-0550109, 0612493, NSF-OPP-0629500] FX Research carried out under NSF-OPP 0326776 and ATM-0502515. Undergraduates G. Diefenbach and C. Coleman processed the samples for cores B997-347 and MD99-2264, respectively. Moros ran the samples from MD99-2269; Andrews processed the rest. Fe grain fingerprinting was conducted with NSF support (OPP-0550109 and -0612493). Astrid Ogilvie is supported by NSF-OPP-0629500 and by RANNIS. Drs R.S. Bradley and M. Kirby commented on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We acknowledge the input of reviewers whose comments resulted in an improved manuscript. NR 46 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1177/0959683608098953 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 399PU UT WOS:000262812600003 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK DiStefano, RJ Rabeni, CF AF Brewer, Shannon K. DiStefano, Robert J. Rabeni, Charles F. TI The influence of age-specific habitat selection by a stream crayfish community (Orconectes spp.) on secondary production SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Crayfish; Production; Habitat; Growth; Biomass ID MOUNTAIN STREAM; LIFE-HISTORY; VIRGINIA; RIVER; USA AB We examined the hypothesis that secondary production of a community of stream crayfish (Orconectes spp.) depended upon the available suite of channel units (e.g., riffle, run, pool) and that age-specific use of channel units was the important underlying mechanism. Nine cohorts of each of three species over a 10-year period at two sites on the Jacks Fork River, Missouri, USA, were sampled. Cohort-production estimates were calculated for specific channel units: riffles, runs, pools, backwaters and emergent vegetation patches. Orconectes luteus was the most productive species with similar production across channel units. Production of O. ozarkae and O. punctimanus was significantly greater in vegetation patches than other channel units. There were no species by channel unit differences in production between the two sites. Although total site production for some species substantially changed over the 10-year period, relative production differences between habitats remained temporally stable. Differences in mean production between channel units were largely due to age-class habitat use rather than differences related to growth. Some channel units particularly susceptible to common anthropogenic activities that result in hydrograph alterations and homogenization of physical habitat, e.g., backwaters, vegetation patches, and pools, were particularly important as high production areas for two species. A variety of channel units appears necessary for maintaining the high secondary production and diversity of crayfish in this system. C1 [Brewer, Shannon K.; Rabeni, Charles F.] Univ Missouri, USGS Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [DiStefano, Robert J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. EM shannon_brewer@fws.gov FU Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit ( US Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating); Missouri Department of Conservation FX This research is a contribution of the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit ( US Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Major funding was provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation. We thank the numerous field technicians for assistance with crayfish collection. The manuscript was improved by comments from Jacob Westhoff, Ann Allert, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2009 VL 619 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9577-8 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384NH UT WOS:000261751000001 ER PT J AU Hancock, PJ Hunt, RJ Boulton, AJ AF Hancock, Peter J. Hunt, Randall J. Boulton, Andrew J. TI Preface: hydrogeoecology, the interdisciplinary study of groundwater dependent ecosystems SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ecology; Collaborative research; Groundwater/surface-water relations; Wetlands; Microbial processes C1 [Hancock, Peter J.; Boulton, Andrew J.] Univ New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Hunt, Randall J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53362 USA. RP Hancock, PJ (reprint author), Univ New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. EM phancoc2@une.edu.au NR 3 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0409-8 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 401VW UT WOS:000262971600001 ER PT J AU Harvey, JW McCormick, PV AF Harvey, Judson W. McCormick, Paul V. TI Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Coastal aquifers; Contamination; Groundwater/surface-water relations; Paleohydrology; USA; Wetlands; Everglades ID NORTHERN EVERGLADES; OKAVANGO DELTA; SURFACE-WATER; VEGETATION; BOTSWANA; PEATLAND; MINNESOTA; PATTERNS; EXCHANGE; WETLANDS AB The Everglades ( Florida, USA) is one of the world's larger subtropical peatlands with biological communities adapted to waters low in total dissolved solids and nutrients. Detecting how the pre-drainage hydrological system has been altered is crucial to preserving its functional attributes. However, reliable tools for hindcasting historic conditions in the Everglades are limited. A recent synthesis demonstrates that the proportion of surface-water inflows has increased relative to precipitation, accounting for 33% of total inputs compared with 18% historically. The largest new source of water is canal drainage from areas of former wetlands converted to agriculture. Interactions between groundwater and surface water have also increased, due to increasing vertical hydraulic gradients resulting from topographic and water-level alterations on the otherwise extremely flat landscape. Environmental solute tracer data were used to determine groundwater's changing role, from a freshwater storage reservoir that sustained the Everglades ecosystem during dry periods to a reservoir of increasingly degraded water quality. Although some of this degradation is attributable to increased discharge of deep saline groundwater, other mineral sources such as fertilizer additives and peat oxidation have made a greater contribution to water-quality changes that are altering mineral-sensitive biological communities. C1 [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [McCormick, Paul V.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Harvey, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jwharvey@usgs.gov; pmccormi@sfwmd.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 57 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 185 EP 201 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 401VW UT WOS:000262971600015 ER PT J AU Skalbeck, JD Reed, DM Hunt, RJ Lambert, JD AF Skalbeck, John D. Reed, Donald M. Hunt, Randall J. Lambert, Jamie D. TI Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater/surface-water relations; Groundwater monitoring; General hydrogeology ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; WATER; HYDROLOGY AB Historically, drier types of wetlands have been difficult to characterize and are not well researched. Nonetheless, they are considered to reflect the precipitation history with little, if any, regard for possible relation to groundwater. Two seasonal coastal wetland types ( wet prairie, sedge meadow) were investigated during three growing seasons at three sites in the Lake Michigan Basin, Wisconsin, USA. The six seasonal wetlands were characterized using standard soil and vegetation techniques and groundwater measurements from the shallow and deep systems. They all met wetland hydrology criteria ( e. g., water within 30 cm of land surface for 5% of the growing season) during the early portion of the growing season despite the lack of appreciable regional groundwater discharge into the wetland root zones. Although root-zone duration analyses did not fit a lognormal distribution previously noted in groundwater-dominated wetlands, they were able to discriminate between the plant communities and showed that wet prairie communities had shorter durations of continuous soil saturation than sedge meadow communities. These results demonstrate that the relative rates of groundwater outflows can be important for wetland hydrology and resulting wetland type. Thus, regional stresses to the shallow groundwater system such as pumping or low Great Lake levels can be expected to affect even drier wetland types. C1 [Skalbeck, John D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Kenosha, WI 53141 USA. [Reed, Donald M.] SE Wisconsin Reg Planning Commiss, Waukesha, WI 53187 USA. [Hunt, Randall J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Lambert, Jamie D.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Waukesha, WI 53188 USA. RP Skalbeck, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Parkside,900 Wood Rd, Kenosha, WI 53141 USA. EM skalbeck@uwp.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 401VW UT WOS:000262971600017 ER PT J AU Carter, LM Campbell, BA Watters, TR Phillips, RJ Putzig, NE Safaeinili, A Plaut, JJ Okubo, CH Egan, AF Seu, R Biccari, D Orosei, R AF Carter, Lynn M. Campbell, Bruce A. Watters, Thomas R. Phillips, Roger J. Putzig, Nathaniel E. Safaeinili, Ali Plaut, Jeffrey J. Okubo, Chris H. Egan, Anthony F. Seu, Roberto Biccari, Daniela Orosei, Roberto TI Shallow radar (SHARAD) sounding observations of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Radar observations; Volcanism ID MARTIAN GEOLOGIC RECORD; VOLCANIC GEOLOGY; DEPOSITS; PATERA; REGION; DISPERSAL; ERUPTIONS; THARSIS; ICE AB The SHARAD (shallow radar) sounding radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter detects subsurface reflections in the eastern and western parts of the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF). The radar waves penetrate up to 580 in of the MFF and detect clear subsurface interfaces in two locations: west MFF between 150 and 155 degrees E and east MFF between 209 and 213 degrees E. Analysis of SHARAD radargrams suggests that the real part of the permittivity is similar to 3.0, which falls within the range of permittivity values inferred from MARSIS data for thicker parts of the MFF. The SHARAD data cannot uniquely determine the composition of the MFF material, but the low permittivity implies that the upper few hundred meters of the MFF material has a high porosity. One possibility is that the MFF is comprised of low-density welded or interlocked pyroclastic deposits that are capable Of Sustaining the steep-sided yardangs and ridges seen in imagery. The SHARAD surface echo power across the MFF is low relative to typical martian plains, and completely disappears in parts of the east MFF that correspond to the radar-dark Stealth region. These areas are extremely rough at centimeter to meter scales, and the lack of echo power is most likely due to a combination of surface roughness and a low near-surface permittivity that reduces the echo strength from any locally flat regions, There is also no radar evidence for internal layering in any of the SHARAD data for the MFF, despite the fact that tens-of-meters scale layering is apparent in infrared and visible wavelength images of nearby areas. These interfaces may not be detected in SHARAD data if their permittivity contrasts are low, or if the layers are discontinuous. The lack of closely spaced internal radar reflectors suggests that the MFF is not an equatorial analog to the current martian polar deposits, which show clear evidence of multiple internal layers in SHARAD data. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Carter, Lynn M.; Campbell, Bruce A.; Watters, Thomas R.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Phillips, Roger J.; Putzig, Nathaniel E.; Egan, Anthony F.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Safaeinili, Ali; Plaut, Jeffrey J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Seu, Roberto; Biccari, Daniela] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento INFOCOM, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Orosei, Roberto] Inst Nazl Astrofis, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Carter, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 135,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carterl@si.edu RI Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012 FU NASA MRO FX We thank the SHARAD Operations Center team, including Emanuele Gjacomoni, Federica Russo, Marco Cutigni, Oreste Fuga, and Riccardo Mecozzi for their assistance with targeting, calibration, and data processing. We thank the HIRISE and MRO engineering and operations teams for their work in designing, building, and operating the equipment. We are grateful to Fabrizio Bernardini for assistance with SHARAD data processing. Lionel Wilson and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments. The Shallow Subsurface Radar (SHARAD) was provided by the Italian Space Agency through a contract with Thales Alenia Space Italia, and it is operated by the INFOCOM Department, University of Rome "La Sapienza." This work was partially supported through a NASA MRO Participating Scientist grant to L.M. Carter. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2009 VL 199 IS 2 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.007 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 405UV UT WOS:000263250600007 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM Kamp, LW Matson, DL Irwin, PGJ Baines, KH Boryta, MD Leader, FE Jaumann, R Smythe, WD Sotin, C Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Pearl, JC Hapke, BW Lunine, J Combes, M Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Coradini, A Formisano, V Filacchione, G Langevin, RY McCord, TB Mennella, V Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B AF Nelson, R. M. Kamp, L. W. Matson, D. L. Irwin, P. G. J. Baines, K. H. Boryta, M. D. Leader, F. E. Jaumann, R. Smythe, W. D. Sotin, C. Clark, R. N. Cruikshank, D. P. Drossart, P. Pearl, J. C. Hapke, B. W. Lunine, J. Combes, M. Bellucci, G. Bibring, J. -P. Capaccioni, F. Cerroni, P. Coradini, A. Formisano, V. Filacchione, G. Langevin, R. Y. McCord, T. B. Mennella, V. Nicholson, P. D. Sicardy, B. TI Saturn's Titan: Surface change, ammonia, and implications for atmospheric and tectonic activity SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Spectrophotometry; Infrared observations; Ices; Spectroscopy ID TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; MIDLATITUDE CLOUDS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; 9500 CM(-1); MU-M; HAZE; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING; ALBEDO AB Titan is known to have a Young Surface. Here we present evidence from the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping spectrometer that it is currently geologically active. We report that changes in the near-infrared reflectance of a 73,000 km 2 area on Titan (latitude 26 degrees S, longitude 78 degrees W) occurred between July 2004 and March of 2006. The reflectance of the area increased by a factor of two between July 2004 and March-April 2005; it then returned to the July 2004 level by November 2005. By late December 2005 the reflectance had surged upward again, establishing a new maximum. Thereafter, it trended downward for the next three months. Detailed spectrophotometric analyses suggest these changes happen at or very near the surface. The spectral differences between the region and its surroundings rule out changes in the distribution of the ices of reasonably expected materials such as H(2)O, CO(2), and CH(4) as possible causes. Remarkably, the change is spectrally consistent with the deposition and removal of NH(3) frost over a water ice substrate. NH3 has been proposed as a constituent of Titan's interior and has never been reported on the surface. The detection of NH3 frost on the surface might possibly be explained by episodic effusive events occur which bring juvenile ammonia from the interior to the surface. If so. its decomposition would feed nitrogen to the atmosphere now and in the future. The lateral extent of the region exceeds that of active areas on the Earth (Hawaii) or to (Loki). (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, R. M.; Kamp, L. W.; Matson, D. L.; Baines, K. H.; Leader, F. E.; Smythe, W. D.] NASA, Div Earth & Space Sci, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Irwin, P. G. J.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Boryta, M. D.] Mt San Antonio Coll, Dept Geol, Walnut, CA 91789 USA. [Jaumann, R.] DLR, Inst Planetaty Explorat, Berlin, Germany. [Sotin, C.] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA AMES, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Drossart, P.; Sicardy, B.] Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Pearl, J. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hapke, B. W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lunine, J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Combes, M.] Observ Paris, Off Director, F-75014 Paris, France. [Bellucci, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Coradini, A.; Formisano, V.; Filacchione, G.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bibring, J. -P.; Langevin, R. Y.] Univ Paris 11, Fac Sci, F-91405 Orsay, France. [McCord, T. B.] Univ Washington, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Mennella, V.] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nelson, RM (reprint author), NASA, Div Earth & Space Sci, JPL, Mail Stop 183-501,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.m.nelson@jpl.nasa.gov OI Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Irwin, Patrick/0000-0002-6772-384X NR 42 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2009 VL 199 IS 2 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.013 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 405UV UT WOS:000263250600018 ER PT J AU Vojtech, LN Sanders, GE Conway, C Ostland, V Hansen, JD AF Vojtech, Lucia N. Sanders, George E. Conway, Carla Ostland, Vaughn Hansen, John D. TI Host Immune Response and Acute Disease in a Zebrafish Model of Francisella Pathogenesis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LIVE-VACCINE-STRAIN; MYCOBACTERIUM-MARINUM INFECTION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; TULARENSIS LVS; CYTOKINE SECRETION; MURINE MACROPHAGES; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; GAMMA-INTERFERON; ADULT ZEBRAFISH AB Members of the bacterial genus Francisella are highly virulent and infectious pathogens. New models to study Francisella pathogenesis in evolutionarily distinct species are needed to provide comparative insight, as the mechanisms of host resistance and pathogen virulence are not well understood. We took advantage of the recent discovery of a novel species of Francisella to establish a zebrafish/Francisella comparative model of pathogenesis and host immune response. Adult zebrafish were susceptible to acute Francisella-induced disease and suffered mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we localized bacterial antigens primarily to lymphoid tissues and livers of zebrafish following infection by intraperitoneal injection, which corresponded to regions of local cellular necrosis. Francisella sp. bacteria replicated rapidly in these tissues beginning 12 h postinfection, and bacterial titers rose steadily, leveled off, and then decreased by 7 days postinfection. Zebrafish mounted a significant tissue-specific proinflammatory response to infection as measured by the upregulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA beginning by 6 h postinfection and persisting for up to 7 days postinfection. In addition, exposure of zebrafish to heat-killed bacteria demonstrated that the significant induction of IL-1 beta was highly specific to live bacteria. Taken together, the pathology and immune response to acute Francisella infection in zebrafish share many features with those in mammals, highlighting the usefulness of this new model system for addressing both general and specific questions about Francisella host-pathogen interactions via an evolutionary approach. C1 [Vojtech, Lucia N.; Sanders, George E.; Conway, Carla; Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Vojtech, Lucia N.; Hansen, John D.] Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ostland, Vaughn] Kent SeaTech Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov OI Vojtech, Lucia/0000-0003-2343-0719 FU National Science Foundation; U. S. Geological Survey FX This material is based upon work supported by a National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship to L. N. V. and by U. S. Geological Survey base funding. NR 70 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 77 IS 2 BP 914 EP 925 DI 10.1128/IAI.01201-08 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 399CF UT WOS:000262777300039 PM 19047404 ER PT J AU Karouna-Renier, NK Rao, KR AF Karouna-Renier, N. K. Rao, K. Ranga TI An inducible HSP70 gene from the midge Chironomus dilutus: characterization and transcription profile under environmental stress SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chironomus; copper; heat shock; HSP70; stress ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MESSENGER-RNA; UNTRANSLATED LEADER; HSC70 GENE; EXPRESSION; TENTANS; THERMOTOLERANCE; DEGRADATION; INDUCTION AB In the present study, we identified and characterized an inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from the midge Chironomus dilutus and investigated the transcriptional profile of the gene under baseline and environmentally stressful conditions. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we observed increased expression of CD-HSP70-1 in response to both heat shock and copper stress. We also investigated the expression of this gene during midge development. All C. dilutus developmental stages expressed CD-HSP70-1 under normal conditions, although at extremely low levels. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequence demonstrated distinct clustering of this gene with inducible HSP70s from other insect species. C1 [Karouna-Renier, N. K.; Rao, K. Ranga] Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Karouna-Renier, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nkarouna@usgs.gov OI Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X FU Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation at the University of West Florida FX Funding for this study was provided by the Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation at the University of West Florida. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00853.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 395HY UT WOS:000262516400010 PM 19196349 ER PT J AU Amarello, M Nowak, EM Taylor, EN Schuett, GW Repp, RA Rosen, PC Hardy, DL AF Amarello, Melissa Nowak, E. M. Taylor, E. N. Schuett, G. W. Repp, R. A. Rosen, P. C. Hardy, D. L. TI Body size variation among Arizona populations of the western diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) is predicted by GIS-based estimates of isothermality and precipitation SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. EM m.amarello@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 BP E3 EP E3 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808800013 ER PT J AU Baker, DM Mccormick, SD AF Baker, D. M. Mccormick, S. D. TI Seasonal and developmental expression of growth hormone regulatory neuropeptides in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Baker, D. M.; Mccormick, S. D.] Univ Mary Washington, USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Fredericksburg, VA USA. EM dbaker2@umw.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 BP E8 EP E8 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808800033 ER PT J AU Clark, M Boonstra, TA Reed, WL AF Clark, Mark Boonstra, Todd A. Reed, Wendy L. TI Intraclutch variation in egg characteristics facilitating hatching synchrony in Canada geese SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Clark, Mark; Boonstra, Todd A.; Reed, Wendy L.] N Dakota State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fargo, ND USA. EM m.e.clark@ndsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 SU 1 BP E214 EP E214 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808800853 ER PT J AU Klein, TA Rostal, DC Williams, KL Frick, MG Paige, JI AF Klein, T. A. Rostal, D. C. Williams, K. L. Frick, M. G. Paige, J., I TI Seasonal Variation and Maternal Investment of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle Caretta caretta SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Klein, T. A.; Rostal, D. C.; Williams, K. L.; Frick, M. G.; Paige, J., I] Georgia So Univ, Caretta Res Project, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM taklein85@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 BP E255 EP E255 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808801015 ER PT J AU Logan, ML Montgomery, CE Boback, SM Reed, RN Campbell, JA AF Logan, Michael L. Montgomery, Chad E. Boback, Scott M. Reed, Robert N. Campbell, Jonathan A. TI The comparative ecology of Norops lemurinus (Sauria; Polychrotidae) on the islands of Cayo Menor and Cayo Mayor of the Cayos Cochinos archipelago of Honduras SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2011 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Truman State Univ, Dickinson Coll, US Geol Survey, Kirksville, MO USA. EM mlogan@uta.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 SU 1 BP E263 EP E263 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808801050 ER PT J AU Mccormick, SD Christensen, AK Regish, A AF Mccormick, Stephen D. Christensen, Arne K. Regish, Amy TI Presence of a freshwater and a seawater isoform of Na plus ,K plus -ATPase in the gills of a teleost fish SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 SU 1 BP E269 EP E269 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808801074 ER PT J AU Mccormick, SD AF Mccormick, Stephen D. TI The hormonal control of seawater performance in anadromous fish SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Mccormick, Stephen D.] Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 49 BP E110 EP E110 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 481KL UT WOS:000268808800439 ER PT J AU Swezey, CS AF Swezey, Christopher S. TI Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Sahara, Northern Africa SO JOURNAL OF AFRICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Africa; Sahara; Cenozoic; Tertiary; Miocene; Stratigraphy ID OUARZAZATE FORELAND BASIN; MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS; HIGH ATLAS MOUNTAINS; RED-SEA; GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION; EASTERN NIGER; LATE PLIOCENE; UPPER MIOCENE; WEST-AFRICA; SUEZ RIFT AB This paper presents an overview of the Cenozoic stratigraphic record in the Sahara, and shows that the strata display some remarkably similar characteristics across much of the region. In fact, some lithologies of certain ages are exceptionally widespread and persistent, and many of the changes from one lithology to another appear to have been relatively synchronous across the Sahara. The general stratigraphic succession is that of a transition from early Cenozoic carbonate strata to late Cenozoic siliciclastic strata. This transition in lithology coincides with a long-term eustatic fall in sea level since the middle Cretaceous and with a global climate transition from a Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene "warm mode" to a Late Eocene-Quaternary "cool mode". Much of the shorter-term stratigraphic variability in the Sahara (and even the regional unconformities) also can be correlated with specific changes in sea level, climate, and tectonic activity during the Cenozoic. Specifically, Paleocene and Eocene carbonate strata and phosphate are suggestive of a warm and humid climate, whereas latest Eocene evaporitic strata (and an end-Eocene regional unconformity) are correlated with a eustatic fall in sea level, the build-up of ice in Antarctica, and the appearance of relatively and climates in the Sahara. The absence of Oligocene strata throughout much of the Sahara is attributed to the effects of generally low eustatic sea level during the Oligocene and tectonic uplift in certain areas during the Late Eocene and Oligocene. Miocene sandstone and conglomerate are attributed to the effects of continued tectonic uplift around the Sahara, generally low eustatic sea level, and enough rainfall to support the development of extensive fluvial systems. Middle-Upper Miocene carbonate strata accumulated in northern Libya in response to a eustatic rise in sea level, whereas Upper Miocene mudstone accumulated along the south side of the Atlas Mountains because uplift of the mountains blocked fluvial access to the Mediterranean Sea. Uppermost Miocene evaporites (and an end-Miocene regional unconformity) in the northern Sahara are correlated with the Messinian desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea. Abundant and widespread Pliocene paleosols are attributed to the onset of relatively and climate conditions and (or) greater variability of climate conditions, and the appearance of persistent and widespread eolian sediments in the Sahara is coincident with the major glaciation in the northern hemisphere during the Pliocene. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Swezey, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cswezey@usgs.gov OI Swezey, Christopher/0000-0003-4019-9264 NR 275 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-343X J9 J AFR EARTH SCI JI J. Afr. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 89 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.08.001 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 413QP UT WOS:000263807900001 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, T. L. Congleton, J. L. TI Effect of dietary alpha-tocopherol plus ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; pro-oxidants; lipid peroxidation; antioxidants; parr-smolt transformation ID VITAMIN-C SOURCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIPID-COMPOSITION; SALAR L; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; PEROXIDE VALUES; RAINBOW-TROUT; FREE-RADICALS; FOOD LIPIDS; ANTIOXIDANT AB A three-variable central composite design coupled with surface-response analysis was used to examine the effects of dietary alpha-tocopherol + ascorbic acid (TOCAA), selenium (Se), and iron (Fe) on indices of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon. Each dietary factor was tested at five levels for a total of fifteen dietary combinations (diets). Oxidative damage in liver and kidney (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls) and erythrocytes (erythrocyte resistance to peroxidative lysis, ERPL) was determined after feeding experimental diets for 16 (early December) and 28 (early March) weeks. Only TOCAA influenced oxidative stress in this study, with most measures of oxidative damage decreasing (liver lipid peroxidation in December and March; ERPL in December; liver protein carbonyl in March) with increasing levels of TOCAA. We also observed a TOCAA-stimulated increase in susceptibility of erythrocytes to peroxidative lysis in March at the highest levels of TOCAA. The data suggest that under most circumstances a progressive decrease in oxidative stress occurs as dietary TOCAA increases, but higher TOCAA concentrations can stimulate oxidative damage in some situations. Higher levels of TOCAA in the diet were required in March than in December to achieve comparable levels of protection against oxidative damage, which may have been due to physiological changes associated with the parr-smolt transformation. Erythrocytes appeared to be more sensitive to variation in dietary levels of TOCAA than liver and kidney tissues. Using the March ERPL assay results as a baseline, a TOCAA level of approximately 350-600 mg/kg diet would provide adequate protection against lipid peroxidation under most circumstances in juvenile Chinook salmon. C1 [Welker, T. L.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Congleton, J. L.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Geological Survey; Department of Fish and Wildlife at the University of Idaho FX We thank Dr. Ron Hardy, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho and Director of the Aquaculture Research Institute, Hagerman, Idaho, for help with diet preparation. We are also grateful to the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Geological Survey, and the Department of Fish and Wildlife at the University of Idaho for funding and support. Chhorn Lim, AAHRU, USDA, ARS, Auburn, AL and Menghe Li, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS made many helpful comments for improvement of this manuscript. A number of people helped with various technical aspects of this study, including Joe Evavold, Boling Sun, Bill LaVoie, Mark Morasch, and Tim Welker. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 392NB UT WOS:000262308300003 PM 19386004 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Nichols, JD Karanth, KU Gopalaswamy, AM AF Royle, J. Andrew Nichols, James D. Karanth, K. Ullas Gopalaswamy, Arjun M. TI A hierarchical model for estimating density in camera-trap studies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; camera trapping; carnivore surveys; density estimation; hierarchical model; Markov chain Monte Carlo; point process; spatial capture-recapture; tigers; trapping grid ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TIGER DENSITIES; POPULATION-SIZE; ABUNDANCE; INDIA; PREY AB Estimating animal density using capture-recapture data from arrays of detection devices such as camera traps has been problematic due to the movement of individuals and heterogeneity in capture probability among them induced by differential exposure to trapping. We develop a spatial capture-recapture model for estimating density from camera-trapping data which contains explicit models for the spatial point process governing the distribution of individuals and their exposure to and detection by traps. We adopt a Bayesian approach to analysis of the hierarchical model using the technique of data augmentation. The model is applied to photographic capture-recapture data on tigers Panthera tigris in Nagarahole reserve, India. Using this model, we estimate the density of tigers to be 14.3 animals per 100 km(2) during 2004. Synthesis and applications. Our modelling framework largely overcomes several weaknesses in conventional approaches to the estimation of animal density from trap arrays. It effectively deals with key problems such as individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities, movement of traps, presence of potential 'holes' in the array and ad hoc estimation of sample area. The formulation, thus, greatly enhances flexibility in the conduct of field surveys as well as in the analysis of data, from studies that may involve physical, photographic or DNA-based 'captures' of individual animals. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas; Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Wildlife Conservation Society, New York FX We are grateful to the Wildlife Conservation Society, New York for supporting this study. We are indebted to N. Samba Kumar for contributing substantially to the field work. We thank two anonymous referees for helpful reviews of a draft of this manuscript and Murray Efford for his extensive and forthright commentary. NR 39 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01578.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394UY UT WOS:000262477800014 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, CL Christy, MT Rodda, GH Adams, AA Ellingson, AR Savidge, JA Dean-Bradley, K Bischof, R AF Tyrrell, Claudine L. Christy, Michelle T. Rodda, Gordon H. Yackel Adams, Amy A. Ellingson, Aaron R. Savidge, Julie A. Dean-Bradley, Kathy Bischof, Richard TI Evaluation of trap capture in a geographically closed population of brown treesnakes on Guam SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioural response; Boiga irregularis; capture heterogeneity; ephemeral effect; Huggins closed capture model; invasive species; size selectivity ID BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; RECAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; TREE SNAKE; MODELS; COLUBRIDAE; SIZE AB Open population mark-recapture analysis of unbounded populations accommodates some types of closure violations (e.g. emigration, immigration). In contrast, closed population analysis of such populations readily allows estimation of capture heterogeneity and behavioural response, but requires crucial assumptions about closure (e.g. no permanent emigration) that are suspect and rarely tested empirically. In 2003, we erected a double-sided barrier to prevent movement of snakes in or out of a 5-ha semi-forested study site in northern Guam. This geographically closed population of > 100 snakes was monitored using a series of transects for visual searches and a 13 x 13 trapping array, with the aim of marking all snakes within the site. Forty-five marked snakes were also supplemented into the resident population to quantify the efficacy of our sampling methods. We used the program mark to analyse trap captures (101 occasions), referenced to census data from visual surveys, and quantified heterogeneity, behavioural response, and size bias in trappability. Analytical inclusion of untrapped individuals greatly improved precision in the estimation of some covariate effects. A novel discovery was that trap captures for individual snakes consisted of asynchronous bouts of high capture probability lasting about 7 days (ephemeral behavioural effect). There was modest behavioural response (trap happiness) and significant latent (unexplained) heterogeneity, with small influences on capture success of date, gender, residency status (translocated or not), and body condition. Trapping was shown to be an effective tool for eradicating large brown treesnakes Boiga irregularis (> 900 mm snout-vent length, SVL). Synthesis and applications. Mark-recapture modelling is commonly used by ecological managers to estimate populations. However, existing models involve making assumptions about either closure violations or response to capture. Physical closure of our population on a landscape scale allowed us to determine the relative importance of covariates influencing capture probability (body size, trappability periods, and latent heterogeneity). This information was used to develop models in which different segments of the population could be assigned different probabilities of capture, and suggests that modelling of open populations should incorporate easily measured, but potentially overlooked, parameters such as body size or condition. C1 [Rodda, Gordon H.; Yackel Adams, Amy A.; Ellingson, Aaron R.; Dean-Bradley, Kathy; Bischof, Richard] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Tyrrell, Claudine L.; Christy, Michelle T.; Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM gordon_rodda@usgs.gov FU Colorado State University Animal Care and Use Committee [03-249A-01]; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Colorado State University Animal Care and Use Committee provided approval (Protocol Approval no. 03-249A-01). The US Office of Insular Affairs provided support. Andersen Air Force Base (M. McElligott and D. T. Lujan) provided the site, which was selected with the assistance of C. F. Aguon, Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. US Fish and Wildlife Service provided laboratory facilities and advised on site selection. Project management was provided by T. M. Kman and E. M. VanGelder. G. White provided valuable suggestions on modelling covariates. R. N. Reed, B. M. Lardner, S. R. Siers, and T. R. Stanley suggested improvements to the manuscript. We appreciate field assistance provided by I. C. Chellman, J. L. Farley, K. L. Garrod, G. R. George, M. P. Greene, J. D. Hackman, D. S. Janeke, C. C. Kessler, P. A. Reynolds, M. Schallenberg, J. B. Vickers, A. S. Wiewel, P. S. Wenninger, J. A. Willey, and C. P. Winchester. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01591.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394UY UT WOS:000262477800015 ER PT J AU Nelson, KC Palmer, MA Pizzuto, JE Moglen, GE Angermeier, PL Hilderbrand, RH Dettinger, M Hayhoe, K AF Nelson, Kaeren C. Palmer, Margaret A. Pizzuto, James E. Moglen, Glenn E. Angermeier, Paul L. Hilderbrand, Robert H. Dettinger, Michael Hayhoe, Katharine TI Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple stressors; urbanization; fish assemblage; headwater stream; siltation; flow regime; temperature regime; urban stream syndrome ID RIVER-BASINS; FISH; HABITAT; SYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; CATCHMENT; LANDSCAPE; RESPONSES; MARYLAND; MODELS C1 [Nelson, Kaeren C.; Palmer, Margaret A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Palmer, Margaret A.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Pizzuto, James E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Moglen, Glenn E.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Hilderbrand, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Branch Western Reg Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Nelson, KC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kanelson@umd.edu RI Moglen, Glenn/F-5452-2010; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010; Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013 OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699 NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01599.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394UY UT WOS:000262477800027 ER PT J AU Bettoli, PW Casto-Yerty, M Scholten, GD Heist, EJ AF Bettoli, P. W. Casto-Yerty, M. Scholten, G. D. Heist, E. J. TI Bycatch of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in a commercial fishery for shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HYBRIDS; MIDDLE AB We quantified the bycatch of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in Tennessee's shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) fishery by accompanying commercial fishers and monitoring their catch on five dates in spring 2007. Fishers were free to keep or discard any sturgeon they collected in their gillnets and trotlines and we were afforded the opportunity to collect meristic and morphometric data and tissue samples from discarded and harvested specimens. Fishers removed 327 live sturgeon from their gear in our presence, of which 93 were harvested; we also obtained the carcasses of 20 sturgeon that a fisher harvested out of our sight while we were on the water with another fisher. Two of the 113 harvested sturgeon were confirmed pallid sturgeon based on microsatellite DNA analyses. Additionally, fishers gave us five, live pallid sturgeon that they had removed from their gear. If the incidental harvest rate of pallid sturgeon (1.8% of all sturgeon harvested) was similar in the previous two commercial seasons, at least 169 adult pallid sturgeon were harvested by commercial fishers in the Tennessee waters of the Mississippi River in 2005-2007. If fishers altered their behavior because of our presence (i.e. if they were more conservative in what they harvested), the pallid sturgeon take was probably higher when they fished unaccompanied by observers. While retrieving a gill net set the previous day, a fisher we were accompanying retrieved a gillnet lost 2 days earlier; this ghost net caught 53 sturgeon whereby one fish was harvested but most fish were dead, including one confirmed pallid sturgeon. C1 [Bettoli, P. W.; Casto-Yerty, M.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Scholten, G. D.] Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Nashville, TN USA. [Heist, E. J.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Bettoli, PW (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Box 5114, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM pbettoli@tntech.edu RI Heist, Ed/A-8703-2010 OI Heist, Ed/0000-0002-9813-8950 FU The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA); US Fish and Wildlife Service; The Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit; Center for the Management Utilization and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University FX The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), with funds from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, provided the primary funding for this research. The Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit and the Center for the Management Utilization and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University supplied additional funding and logistical support. The fieldwork for this project was greatly facilitated by R. Wiggins, TWRA. We thank T. Keevin, USACE, and J. Garvey, Southern Illinois University, for constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01183.x PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408TK UT WOS:000263457700001 ER PT J AU Bushon, RN Brady, AM Likirdopulos, CA Cireddu, JV AF Bushon, R. N. Brady, A. M. Likirdopulos, C. A. Cireddu, J. V. TI Rapid detection of Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATP detection; enterococci; Escherichia coli; immunomagnetic separation; rapid detection; recreational water ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SAMPLES; BACTERIA; QUALITY; BEACH AB The aim of this study was to examine a rapid method for detecting Escherichia coli and enterococci in recreational water. Water samples were assayed for E. coli and enterococci by traditional and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (IMS/ATP) methods. Three sample treatments were evaluated for the IMS/ATP method: double filtration, single filtration, and direct analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis showed strong, significant, linear relations between IMS/ATP and traditional methods for all sample treatments; strongest linear correlations were with the direct analysis (r = 0.62 and 0.77 for E. coli and enterococci, respectively). Additionally, simple linear regression was used to estimate bacteria concentrations as a function of IMS/ATP results. The correct classification of water-quality criteria was 67% for E. coli and 80% for enterococci. The IMS/ATP method is a viable alternative to traditional methods for faecal-indicator bacteria. The IMS/ATP method addresses critical public health needs for the rapid detection of faecal-indicator contamination and has potential for satisfying US legislative mandates requiring methods to detect bathing water contamination in 2 h or less. Moreover, IMS/ATP equipment is considerably less costly and more portable than that for molecular methods, making the method suitable for field applications. C1 [Bushon, R. N.; Brady, A. M.; Likirdopulos, C. A.; Cireddu, J. V.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Bushon, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM rnbushon@usgs.gov FU NPS/USGS Water-Quality Partnership Program; Ohio Lake Erie Commission FX The authors acknowledge Ji Young Lee and Rolf Deininger from the University of Michigan for the development of the IMS/ATP rapid method and for their assistance and collaboration in optimizing the method for our study area. The authors also thank Meg Plona from the National Park Service for her assistance on all aspects of the project and local supervision of daily activities, as well as USGS and NPS student interns Susanna Dzejachok, Anthony Kinyo, and Nikolaus Fath for their hard work in collecting and analysing the daily samples. Project-related support was provided by the NPS/USGS Water-Quality Partnership Program and the Ohio Lake Erie Commission. The use of brand, firm, and trade names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 106 IS 2 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04011.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 395IA UT WOS:000262516600008 PM 19200311 ER PT J AU Benson, LV Stein, JR Taylor, HE AF Benson, L. V. Stein, J. R. Taylor, H. E. TI Possible sources of archaeological maize found in Chaco Canyon and Aztec Ruin, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Maize; Sr isotopes; Metals; Four Corners area; Southern Colorado Plateau; Archaeological cobs ID COLORADO AB Maize played a major role in Chaco's interaction with outlying communities in the southern Colorado Plateau. This paper seeks to determine where archaeological corn cobs brought to Chaco Canyon were grown. Strontium-isotope and trace-metal ratios of 180 soil-water and 18 surface-water sites in the Southern Colorado Plateau have revealed possible source areas for some of 37 archaeological corn cobs from Chaco Canyon and 10 archaeological corn cobs from Aztec Ruin, New Mexico. The most probable source areas for cobs that predate the middle-12th-century drought include several Upper Rio Chaco sites (not including Chaco Canyon). There are many potential source areas for cobs that date to the late A.D. 1100s and early 1200s, all of which lie in the eastern part of the study area. Some Athapascan-age cobs have potential source areas in the Totah, Lobo Mesa, and Dinetah regions. One Gallo Cliff Dwelling cob has a strontium-isotope ratio that exceeds all measured soil-water values. Field sites for this cob may exist in association with Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks found 80-90 km from Chaco Canyon. Potential source areas for most Aztec Ruin cobs (many of which were found in rooms dating to the first half of the 13th-century) appear to be associated with a loess deposit that blankets the Mesa Verde and McElmo Dome regions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Benson, L. V.; Taylor, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Stein, J. R.] Navajo Nation Chaco Sites Protect Program, Window Rock, AZ 86515 USA. RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite E127,3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbenson@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 387 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2008.09.023 PG 21 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 400QX UT WOS:000262884700020 ER PT J AU Bebak, J McAllister, PE AF Bebak, J. McAllister, P. E. TI Continuous exposure to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus during early life stages of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE exposure; infectious pancreatic necrosis virus; rainbow trout; survival ID SALMONID FISH; DENSITY; FRY; TSHAWYTSCHA; PREVALENCE; WATER AB Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), were exposed continuously to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) at 0, 10(1), 10(3) or 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu) L(-1) of water to estimate the effects of chronic IPNV exposure on early life stages. Fish density averaged 35 fish L(-1) (low density) or 140 fish L(-1) (high density), and the tank flow rate was 250 mL(-1) min. Virus exposure began at 6 days before hatch and continued until fish were 44 days old. Cumulative per cent mortality, analysis of survival and hazard functions, and discrete-time event analysis were used to explore the patterns of survival and mortality. In eggs and fish exposed to IPNV, mortality significantly greater than in the 0 pfu L(-1) exposure did not occur until IPNV concentration was 10(5) pfu L(-1) at low fish density and 10(3) pfu IPNV L(-1) at high fish density. These results suggest that in the natural aquatic environment, where rainbow trout densities are likely to be considerably lower than in this study, mortality resulting from infection with IPNV will very likely not occur when ambient concentrations of virus are <= 10(3) pfu IPNV L(-1). In aquaculture rearing units, trout density is likely to be as high or higher than the densities used in this study. Therefore, continuous inputs of virus at concentrations greater than 10(1) pfu L(-1) may result in IPN epidemics in aquaculture facilities. C1 [Bebak, J.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [McAllister, P. E.] US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Bebak, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM julie.bebak@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00974.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 414JJ UT WOS:000263859400006 PM 19261044 ER PT J AU True, K Purcell, MK Foott, JS AF True, K. Purcell, M. K. Foott, J. S. TI Development and validation of a quantitative PCR to detect Parvicapsula minibicornis and comparison to histologically ranked infection of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), from the Klamath River, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE histopathology; myxozoan parasite; Parvicapsula minibicornis; plasmid molecular equivalent; real-time PCR; Taqman ID REAL-TIME PCR; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; LIFE-CYCLE; MYXOSPOREAN PARASITE; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; MYXOZOAN PARASITE; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Parvicapsula minibicornis is a myxosporean parasite that is associated with disease in Pacific salmon during their freshwater life history phase. This study reports the development of a quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to detect P. minibicornis DNA. The QPCR assay targets the 18S ribosomal subunit gene. A plasmid DNA control was developed to calibrate cycle threshold (C(T)) score to plasmid molecular equivalent (PME) units, a measure of gene copy number. Assay validation revealed that the QPCR was sensitive and able to detect 50 ag of plasmid DNA, which was equivalent to 12.5 PME. The QPCR assay could detect single P. minibicornis actinospores well above assay sensitivity, indicating a single spore contains at least 100 times the 18S DNA copies required for detection. The QPCR assay was repeatable and highly specific; no detectable amplification was observed using DNA from related myxozoan parasites. The method was validated using kidney tissues from 218 juvenile Chinook salmon sampled during the emigration period of March to July 2005 from the Klamath River. The QPCR assay was compared with histological examination. The QPCR assay detected P. minibicornis infection in 88.1% of the fish sampled, while histological examination detected infection in 71.1% of the fish sampled. Good concordance was found between the methods as 80% of the samples were in agreement. The majority of the disconcordant fish were positive by QPCR, with low levels of P. minibicornis DNA, but negative by histology. The majority of the fish rated histologically as having subclinical or clinical infections had high QPCR levels. The results of this study demonstrate that QPCR is a sensitive quantitative tool for evaluating P. minibicornis infection in fish health monitoring studies. C1 [True, K.; Foott, J. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. [Purcell, M. K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP True, K (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, 24411 Coleman Fish Hatchery Rd, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. EM Kimberly_True@fws.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Restoration Program [2005-FP-03] FX The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, the Department of Fish and Wildlife or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00975.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 414JJ UT WOS:000263859400007 PM 19261045 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk TI Acid rock drainage and climate change SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IMWA Symposium on Water in Mining Enviroonments CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Cagliari, ITALY SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Univ Gagliari, Dept Earth Sci, Geochem Mineral Grp DE Acid mine drainage; Acid rock drainage; Climate change; First flush; Flushing effect ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EPISODIC POLLUTION; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; IRON-MOUNTAIN; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; IMPACT; WATER; HYDROCHEMISTRY; MINERALOGY AB Rainfall events cause both increases and decreases in acid and metals concentrations and their loadings from mine wastes, and unmined mineralized areas, into receiving streams based on data from 3 mines sites in the United States and other sites outside the US. Gradual increases in concentrations occur during long dry spells and sudden large increases are observed during the rising limb of the discharge following dry spells (first flush). By the time the discharge peak has occurred, concentrations are usually decreased, often to levels below those of pre-storm conditions and then they slowly rise again during the next dry spell. These dynamic changes in concentrations and loadings are related to the dissolution of soluble salts and the flushing out of waters that were concentrated by evaporation. The underlying processes, pyrite oxidation and host rock dissolution, do not end until the pyrite is fully weathered, which can take hundreds to thousands of years. These observations can be generalized to predict future conditions caused by droughts related to El Nino and climate change associated with global warming. Already, the time period for dry summers is lengthening in the western US and rainstorms are further apart and more intense when they happen. Consequently, flushing of inactive or active mine sites and mineralized but unmined sites will cause larger sudden increases in concentrations that will be an ever increasing danger to aquatic life with climate change. Higher average concentrations will be observed during longer low-flow periods. Remediation efforts will have to increase the capacity of engineered designs to deal with more extreme conditions, not average conditions of previous years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD FEB-MAR PY 2009 VL 100 IS 2-3 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 413MM UT WOS:000263797200002 ER PT J AU Nakov, T Spaulding, S Theriot, E AF Nakov, T. Spaulding, S. Theriot, E. TI A PRELIMINARY PHYLOGENY OF THE CYMBELLOID DIATOMS USING MOLECULAR DATA WITH EMPHASIS ON THE GENERA DIDYMOSPHENIA M. SCHMIDT AND NAVICYMBULA KRAMMER SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nakov, T.; Theriot, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Spaulding, S.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 415BW UT WOS:000263910300091 ER PT J AU Battaglin, WA Kolpin, DW AF Battaglin, William A. Kolpin, Dana W. TI CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN: INTRODUCTION TO A FEATURED COLLECTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; UNITED-KINGDOM; PHARMACEUTICALS; FATE; ANTIBIOTICS; TRANSPORT; REMOVAL; STREAMS C1 [Battaglin, William A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80401 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80401 USA. EM wbattagl@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00299.x PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 402QE UT WOS:000263027400001 ER PT J AU Phillips, P Chalmers, A AF Phillips, P. Chalmers, A. TI WASTEWATER EFFLUENT, COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS, AND OTHER SOURCES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO LAKE CHAMPLAIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE organic chemicals; environmental sampling; urban areas; point source pollution ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; TREATMENT PLANTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; SURFACE WATERS; PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINANTS; REMOVAL; PLASTICIZERS; DISCHARGES AB Some sources of organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) to streams, lakes, and estuaries, including wastewater-treatment-plant effluent, have been well documented, but other sources, particularly wet-weather discharges from combined-sewer-overflow (CSO) and urban runoff, may also be major sources of OWCs. Samples of wastewater-treatment-plant (WWTP) effluent, CSO effluent, urban streams, large rivers, a reference (undeveloped) stream, and Lake Champlain were collected from March to August 2006. The highest concentrations of many OWCs associated with wastewater were in WWTP-effluent samples, but high concentrations of some OWCs in samples of CSO effluent and storm runoff from urban streams subject to leaky sewer pipes or CSOs were also detected. Total concentrations and numbers of compounds detected differed substantially among sampling sites. The highest total OWC concentrations (10-100 mu g/l) were in samples of WWTP and CSO effluent. Total OWC concentrations in samples from urban streams ranged from 0.1 to 10 mu g/l, and urban stream-stormflow samples had higher concentrations than baseflow samples because of contributions of OWCs from CSOs and leaking sewer pipes. The relations between OWC concentrations in WWTP-effluent and those in CSO effluent and urban streams varied with the degree to which the compound is removed through normal wastewater treatment. Concentrations of compounds that are highly removed during normal wastewater treatment [including caffeine, Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, and cholesterol] were generally similar to or higher in CSO effluent than in WWTP effluent (and ranged from around 1 to over 10 mu g/l) because CSO effluent is untreated, and were higher in urban-stream stormflow samples than in baseflow samples as a result of CSO discharge and leakage from near-surface sources during storms. Concentrations of compounds that are poorly removed during treatment, by contrast, are higher in WWTP effluent than in CSO, due to dilution. Results indicate that CSO effluent and urban stormwaters can be a significant major source of OWCs entering large water bodies such as Burlington Bay. C1 [Phillips, P.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Chalmers, A.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Phillips, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pjphilli@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This project was funded by the USGS Lake Champlain program. Operators and employees of all the wastewater plants sampled in this study are thanked. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments made by Dr. Mark Benotti, Southern Nevada Water Authority/Las Vegas Valley Water District, and Neil Kamman, State of Vermont, David Eckhardt and Paul Stackelberg of the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00288.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 402QE UT WOS:000263027400006 ER PT J AU Brown, JB Battaglin, WA Zuellig, RE AF Brown, Juliane B. Battaglin, William A. Zuellig, Robert E. TI LAGRANGIAN SAMPLING FOR EMERGING CONTAMINANTS THROUGH AN URBAN STREAM CORRIDOR IN COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE emerging contaminants; St. Vrain Creek; Lagrangian sampling; water quality; wastewater treatment plant; urban stream corridor; attenuation; analytical variability ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; GENE-EXPRESSION; FISH; POPULATIONS; EFFLUENT; RIVER; US AB Recent national concerns regarding the environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) have catalyzed a series of recent studies. Many ECs are released into the environment through discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and other sources. In 2005, the U. S. Geological Survey and the City of Longmont initiated an investigation of selected ECs in a 13.8-km reach of St. Vrain Creek, Colorado. Seven sites were sampled for ECs following a Lagrangian design; sites were located upstream, downstream, and in the outfall of the Longmont WWTP, and at the mouths of two tributaries, Left Hand Creek and Boulder Creek (which is influenced by multiple WWTP outfalls). Samples for 61 ECs in 16 chemical use categories were analyzed and 36 were detected in one or more samples. Of these, 16 have known or suspected endocrine-disruptin g potential. At and downstream from the WWTP outfall, detergent metabolites, fire retardants, and steroids were detected at the highest concentrations, which commonly exceeded 1 mu g/l in 2005 and 2 mu g/l in 2006. Most individual ECs were measured at concentrations less than 2 mu g/l. The results indicate that outfalls from WWTPs are the largest but may not be the sole source of ECs in St. Vrain Creek. In 2005, high discharge was associated with fewer EC detections, lower total EC concentrations, and smaller EC loads in St. Vrain Creek and its tributaries as compared with 2006. EC behavior differed by individual compound, and some differences between sites could be attributed to analytical variability or to other factors such as physical or chemical characteristics or distance from contributing sources. Loads of some ECs, such as diethoxynonylphenol, accumulated or attenuated depending on location, discharge, and distance downstream from the WWTP, whereas others, such as bisphenol A, were largely conservative. The extent to which ECs in St. Vrain Creek affect native fish species and macroinvertebrate communities is unknown, but recent studies have shown that fish respond to very low concentrations of ECs, and further study on the fate and transport of these contaminants in the aquatic environment is warranted. C1 [Brown, Juliane B.; Battaglin, William A.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Brown, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jbbrown@usgs.gov FU USGS FX The authors acknowledge those from the USGS and from the City of Longmont who helped with field work. Additionally, comments provided by Jennifer L. Flynn, Betty Palcsak, and Allan D. Druliner (USGS Colorado Water Science Center), Lori Sprague (USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program), and Calvin Youngberg (City of Longmont Water and Wastewater Department) were greatly appreciated. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 68 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 402QE UT WOS:000263027400008 ER PT J AU Ryan, CW Vaughan, MR Meldrum, JB Duncan, RB Edwards, JW AF Ryan, Christopher W. Vaughan, Michael R. Meldrum, J. Blair Duncan, Robert B. Edwards, John W. TI Retention Time of Telazol in Black Bears SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; chemical immobilization; hunting; mark-recapture; sedation; Telazol; tranquilize; Ursus americanus; West Virginia; wildlife management ID IMMOBILIZATION; ANESTHETICS AB Telazol (R) (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA) is an effective immobilization drug for American black bears (Ursus americanus), but concern exists regarding retention time of this drug in tissues relative to human consumption of bears. Therefore, we evaluated retention time of Telazol in captured American black bears immobilized with Telazol and held in captivity for 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, or 21 days. We detected Telazol in muscle and liver of one bear on day 7, in serum from 2 bears on day 7, and in urine of one bear each on day 3 and day 14. Our findings suggest Telazol is metabolized and eliminated quickly from the bear's system and should allow managers additional flexibility in mark-recapture studies and nuisance situations. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(2): 210-213; 2009) C1 [Ryan, Christopher W.] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Charleston, WV 25305 USA. [Vaughan, Michael R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Meldrum, J. Blair; Duncan, Robert B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ryan, CW (reprint author), W Virginia Div Nat Resources, State Capitol Complex,Bldg 3,Room 825, Charleston, WV 25305 USA. EM chrisryan@wvdnr.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.2193/2008-182 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 430ZY UT WOS:000265032300006 ER PT J AU Lantz, SJ Conway, CJ AF Lantz, Sarah J. Conway, Courtney J. TI Factors Affecting Daily Nest Survival of Burrowing Owls Within Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ambient temperature; Athene cunicularia; breeding phenology; burrowing owls; daily nest survival; logistic-exposure; nest depredation; prairie dogs; reproduction; Wyoming ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CUNICULARIA; PREDATION; SONGBIRD; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; WASHINGTON; DENSITY; ECOLOGY; OREGON AB Identifying environmental parameters that influence probability of nest predation is important for developing and implementing effective management strategies for species of conservation concern. We estimated daily nest survival for a migratory population of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) breeding in black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in Wyoming, USA. We compared estimates based on 3 common approaches: apparent nesting success, Mayfield estimates, and a model-based logistic-exposure approach. We also examined whether 8 intrinsic and extrinsic factors affected daily nest survival in burrowing owls. Positive biases in apparent nest survival were low (3-6%), probably because prior knowledge of nest locations and colonial behavior among nesting pairs facilitated discovery of most nests early in the nesting cycle. Daily nest survival increased as the breeding season progressed, was negatively correlated with ambient temperature, was positively correlated with nest-burrow tunnel length, and decreased as the nesting cycle progressed. Environmental features were similar between failed and successful nests based on 95% confidence intervals, but the seasonal midpoint was earlier for failed nests (31 May) compared to successful nests (15 Jun). The large annual variation in nest survival (a 15.3% increase between 2003 and 2004) accentuates the importance of multiyear studies when estimating reproductive parameters and when examining the factors that affect those parameters. Failure to locate and monitor nests throughout the breeding season may yield biased estimates of nesting success in burrowing owls (and possibly other species), and some of the variation in nesting success among years and across study sites may be explained by annual and spatial variation in ambient temperature. Any management actions that result in fewer prairie dogs, shorter burrow lengths, or earlier nesting may adversely affect reproductive success of burrowing owls. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(2): 232-241; 2009) C1 [Lantz, Sarah J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lantz, SJ (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept Reg II, 3500 S Lake Mary Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cconway@ag.arizona.edu NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.2193/2007-596 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 430ZY UT WOS:000265032300009 ER PT J AU Eldridge, JL Krapu, GL Johnson, DH AF Eldridge, Jan L. Krapu, Gary L. Johnson, Douglas H. TI Feeding Ecology of Arctic-Nesting Sandpipers During Spring Migration Through the Prairie Pothole Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Calidris; Chironomidae; feeding ecology; midge larvae; North Dakota; sandpiper; shorebird ID FOOD AB We evaluated food habits of 4 species of spring-migrant calidrid sandpipers in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota. Sandpipers foraged in several wetland classes and fed primarily on aquatic dipterans, mostly larvae, and the midge family Chironomidae was the primary food eaten. Larger sandpiper species foraged in deeper water and took larger larvae than did smaller sandpipers. The diverse wetland habitats that migrant shorebirds use in the PPR suggest a landscape-level approach be applied to wetland conservation efforts. We recommend that managers use livestock grazing and other tools, where applicable, to keep shallow, freshwater wetlands from becoming choked with emergent vegetation limiting chironomid production and preventing shorebird use. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(2): 248-252; 2009) C1 [Eldridge, Jan L.; Krapu, Gary L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Eldridge, JL (reprint author), Cove Studio Inc, 246 Cove Lane, Hudson, WI 54016 USA. EM Jan@TheCoveStudio.com FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service through the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX Field research was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service through the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. We are grateful to R. Atkins, M. Meyers, M. Rabenberg, and C. Shaiffer for assisting in data collection and to numerous landowners who allowed access to their properties. We also thank D. A. Brandt for assistance in data preparation and R. R. Cox, Jr.; C. S. Errington; C. L. Gratto- Trevor; and J. A. Shaffer for reviewing and commenting on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.2193/2006-416 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 430ZY UT WOS:000265032300011 ER PT J AU Tobias, CR Bohlke, JK Harvey, JW Busenberg, E AF Tobias, Craig R. Boehlke, John Karl Harvey, Judson W. Busenberg, Eurybiades TI A simple technique for continuous measurement of time-variable gas transfer in surface waters SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CHANNEL ESTIMATION; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; STREAM METABOLISM; GROUNDWATER FLUX; REACH-SCALE; WIND-SPEED; DENITRIFICATION; EXCHANGE; RIVERS; TRACER AB Mass balance models of dissolved gases in streams, lakes, and rivers serve as the basis for estimating whole-ecosystem rates for various biogeochemical processes. Rates of gas exchange between water and the atmosphere are important and error-prone components of these models. Here we present a simple and efficient modification of the SF(6) gas tracer approach that can be used concurrently while collecting other dissolved gas samples for dissolved gas mass balance studies in streams. It consists of continuously metering SF(6)-saturated water directly into the stream at a low rate of flow. This approach has advantages over pulse injection of aqueous solutions or bubbling large amounts of SF(6) into the stream. By adding the SF(6) as a saturated solution, we minimize the possibility that other dissolved gas measurements are affected by sparging and/or bubble injecta. Because the SF(6) is added continuously we have a record of changing gas transfer velocity (GTV) that is contemporaneous with the sampling of other nonconservative ambient dissolved gases. Over a single diel period, a 30% variation in GTV was observed in a second-order stream (Sugar Creek, Indiana, USA). The changing GTV could be attributed in part to changes in temperature and windspeed that occurred on hourly to diel timescales. C1 [Tobias, Craig R.; Boehlke, John Karl; Harvey, Judson W.; Busenberg, Eurybiades] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Tobias, CR (reprint author), UNC Wilmington, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM tobiasc@uncw.edu RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; USGS National Research Program in Water Resources [NSF-DEB 0542635, NSF-EAR 0815201] FX Stanley Mroczkowski, Karen Casciotti, Mary Voytek, Julie Kirshtein, Jessica Newlin, Joel Detty, Michael Doughten, and Peggy Widman contributed to this work. This study was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program in Watershed Processes and Water Resources) and by the USGS National Research Program in Water Resources, through the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program, and by NSF-DEB 0542635, NSF-EAR 0815201. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 7 BP 185 EP 195 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 432YU UT WOS:000265171100004 ER PT J AU Trigo-Rodriguez, JM Llorca, J Rubin, AE Grossman, JN Sears, DWG Naranjo, M Bretzius, S Tapia, M Sepulveda, MHG AF Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Llorca, Jordi Rubin, Alan E. Grossman, Jeffrey N. Sears, Derek W. G. Naranjo, Mateo Bretzius, Stacy Tapia, Mar Guarin Sepulveda, Marino H. TI The Cali meteorite fall: A new H/L ordinary chondrite SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; STONY; CLASSIFICATION; CHONDRULES AB The fall of the Cali meteorite took place on 6 July 2007 at 16 h 32 +/- 1 min local time (21 h 32 +/- 1 min UTC). A daylight fireball was witnessed by hundreds of people in the Cauca Valley in Colombia from which 10 meteorite samples with a total mass of 478 g were recovered near 3 degrees 24.3'N, 76 degrees 30.6'W. The fireball trajectory and radiant have been reconstructed with moderate accuracy. From the computed radiant and from considering various plausible velocities, we obtained a range of orbital solutions that suggest that the Call progenitor meteoroid probably originated in the main asteroid belt. Based on petrography, mineral chemistry, magnetic Susceptibility, thermoluminescence, and bulk chemistry, the Call meteorite is classified as an H/L4 ordinary chondrite breccia. C1 [Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M.] Fac Ciencies, Inst Space Sci CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M.] IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Llorca, Jordi] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Inst Tecn Energet, Barcelona, Spain. [Rubin, Alan E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Grossman, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sears, Derek W. G.; Naranjo, Mateo; Bretzius, Stacy] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Tapia, Mar] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Barcelona, Spain. [Guarin Sepulveda, Marino H.] Univ Javeriana Cali, Dept Ciencias Nat & Matemat, Fac Ingn, Cali, Colombia. RP Trigo-Rodriguez, JM (reprint author), Fac Ciencies, Inst Space Sci CSIC, Campus UAB,Torre C5-p2, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM trigo@aliga.ieec.uab.es RI Llorca, Jordi/M-8134-2014 OI Llorca, Jordi/0000-0002-7447-9582 FU NASA [NNH05AB651, NNG06GF95G, NNX08G17G]; CSIC FX We thank the efforts made by ASAF1 and EAC members who participated in the trajectory reconstruction and meteorite recovery: Julieta Arboleda, Yamileth Carvajal, Diego Castano, Diana Castano, Luz M. Duque, Luz Angela Espinoza, Jair Gonzalez, Juan C. Mejia, Julio Monsalvo, Monique Monsalvo, Fabricio Noguera, and Guillermo Vega. We thank Diana Mendoza (OSSO-Universidad del Valle) for kindly providing LIS with the seismic velocity recordings of the bolide. We also express Our gratitude to all eyewitnesses who reported trajectory data: Teresa Arce, Martin Caicedo, Hernando Ceballos, Janet Collazos, Martin Collazos, Alfredo Chavez, Nelson E. Escobar, Martha L. Garcia, Juan M. Guzman, Alberto Hernao, Omar Hernandez, Andres F. Lopez, Ivan M. Lopez, Fabian Orozco, John J. Orozco, Luis Rivas Puente, John J. Sanchez, Julian Stevens, Lisa M. Tellez, H. Vivas. We are grateful to Gustavo Noguera and Yolanda Polanco for providing meteorite specimens for Study. Prof. Jorge F. Estela Uribe (Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali) Supported the meteorite recovery and sending of samples for study. Meteorite location information and the specimen used for petrographic analysis were generously provided by Mike Farmer. This work was partially supported by NASA Cosmochemistry grants NNH05AB651 to JNG and NNG06GF95G to AER and NASA Discovery Data Analysis grant NNX08G17G to DWGS. JMTR also thanks CSIC for a JAE-Doc research contract. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 435CV UT WOS:000265321900005 ER PT J AU Navarro, J Moser, D Flores, A Ross, C Rosen, M Dong, HL Zhang, GG Hedlund, B AF Navarro, Jason B. Moser, Duane P. Flores, Andrea Ross, Christian Rosen, Michael R. Dong, Hailiang Zhang, Gengxin Hedlund, Brian P. TI Bacterial Succession within an Ephemeral Hypereutrophic Mojave Desert Playa Lake SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MARINE SOLAR SALTERN; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER HABITATS; SP-NOV.; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SALINITY GRADIENT; SODA LAKE; MONO LAKE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES AB Ephemerally wet playas are conspicuous features of arid landscapes worldwide; however, they have not been well studied as habitats for microorganisms. We tracked the geochemistry and microbial community in Silver Lake playa, California, over one flooding/desiccation cycle following the unusually wet winter of 2004-2005. Over the course of the study, total dissolved solids increased by a1/210-fold and pH increased by nearly one unit. As the lake contracted and temperatures increased over the summer, a moderately dense planktonic population of a1/21 x 10(6) cells ml(-1) of culturable heterotrophs was replaced by a dense population of more than 1 x 10(9) cells ml(-1), which appears to be the highest concentration of culturable planktonic heterotrophs reported in any natural aquatic ecosystem. This correlated with a dramatic depletion of nitrate as well as changes in the microbial community, as assessed by small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of bacterial isolates and uncultivated clones. Isolates from the early-phase flooded playa were primarily Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, yet clone libraries were dominated by Betaproteobacteria and yet uncultivated Actinobacteria. Isolates from the late-flooded phase ecosystem were predominantly Proteobacteria, particularly alkalitolerant isolates of Rhodobaca, Porphyrobacter, Hydrogenophaga, Alishwenella, and relatives of Thauera; however, clone libraries were composed almost entirely of Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria). A sample taken after the playa surface was completely desiccated contained diverse culturable Actinobacteria typically isolated from soils. In total, 205 isolates and 166 clones represented 82 and 44 species-level groups, respectively, including a wide diversity of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. C1 [Navarro, Jason B.; Moser, Duane P.; Flores, Andrea; Ross, Christian; Hedlund, Brian P.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Moser, Duane P.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Dong, Hailiang; Zhang, Gengxin] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Hedlund, B (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM brian.hedlund@unlv.edu RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 FU NSF [EPS-9977809, MCB-0546865]; UNLV; DRI; Las Vegas Centennial; TRIO McNair Summer Scholar Research Institute; NIH [P20 RR016464]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [P20 RR016464] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant Numbers EPS-9977809, MCB-0546865, start-up funds from UNLV to BPH and from DRI to DPM, and a Las Vegas Centennial Grant to BPH. AF was supported by the TRIO McNair Summer Scholar Research Institute and JBN was supported by a fellowship through NIH Grant Number_P20 RR016464_. This publication was also made possible by support to the Nevada Genomics Center through Grant Number_P20 RR016464_from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s00248-008-9426-3 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 399WH UT WOS:000262829500010 PM 18758846 ER PT J AU Anderson, ED Atkinson, W Marsh, T Iriondo, A AF Anderson, Eric D. Atkinson, William W., Jr. Marsh, Timothy Iriondo, Alexander TI Geology and geochemistry of the Mammoth breccia pipe, Copper Creek mining district, southeastern Arizona: evidence for a magmatic-hydrothermal origin SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Porphyry; Breccia pipe; Fluid inclusion; Stable isotope; Geochronology; Arizona ID SYSTEM H2O-NACL; ISOTOPE RATIOS; MINERALS; DEPOSITS; OXYGEN; PORPHYRY; HYDROGEN; MINERALIZATION; QUARTZ; WATER AB The Copper Creek mining district, southeastern Arizona, contains more than 500 mineralized breccia pipes, buried porphyry-style, copper-bearing stockworks, and distal lead-silver veins. The breccia pipes are hosted by the Copper Creek Granodiorite and the Glory Hole volcanic rocks. The unexposed Mammoth breccia pipe, solely recognized by drilling, has a vertical extent of 800 m and a maximum width of 180 m. The pipe consists of angular clasts of granodiorite cemented by quartz, chalcopyrite, bornite, anhydrite, and calcite. Biotite (40)Ar/(39)Ar dates suggest a minimum age of 61.5 +/- 0.7 Ma for the host Copper Creek Granodiorite and (40)Ar/(39)Ar dates on hydrothermal sericite indicate an age of 61.0 +/- 0.5 Ma for copper mineralization. Fluid inclusion studies suggest that a supercritical fluid with a salinity of approximately 10 wt.% NaCl equiv. condensed to a dilute aqueous vapor (1-2.8 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and a hypersaline brine (33.4-35.1 wt.% NaCl equiv.). Minimum trapping temperatures are 375A degrees C and trapping depths are estimated at 2 km. Sulfur isotope fractionation of cogenetic anhydrite and chalcopyrite yields a temperature of mineralization of 469 A +/- 25A degrees C. Calculated oxygen and hydrogen isotope values for fluids in equilibrium with quartz and sericite range from 10.2aEuro degrees to 13.4aEuro degrees and -60aEuro degrees to -39aEuro degrees, respectively, suggesting that the mineralizing fluid was dominantly magmatic. Evidence from the stable isotope and fluid inclusion analyses suggests that the fluids responsible for Cu mineralization within the Mammoth breccia pipe exsolved from a gray porphyry phase found at the base of the breccia pipe. C1 [Anderson, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Atkinson, William W., Jr.; Iriondo, Alexander] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Iriondo, Alexander] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Juriquilla 76230, QRO, Mexico. RP Anderson, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ericanderson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 151 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s00126-008-0206-2 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 402BF UT WOS:000262988500002 ER PT J AU Belkin, HE Macdonald, R Grew, ES AF Belkin, H. E. Macdonald, R. Grew, E. S. TI Chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies metamorphic rocks and associated pegmatites of East Antarctica and South India SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE chevkinite-group; perrierite; Antarctica; Eastern Ghats; India ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE METAMORPHISM; ENDERBY-LAND; NAPIER COMPLEX; VESTFOLD HILLS; GHATS BELT; SAPPHIRINE; PERRIERITE; SITE; CHARNOCKITES; ZIRCONOLITE AB Electron microprobe data are presented for chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies rocks and associated pegmatities of the Napier Complex and Mawson Station charnockite in East Antarctica and from the Eastern Ghats, South India. Their compositions conform to the general formula for this group, viz. A(4)BC(2)D(2)Si(4)O(22) where, in the analysed specimens A = (rare-earth elements (REE), Ca, Y, Th), B = Fe(2+) Mg, C = (Al, Mg, Ti, Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Zr) and D = Ti and plot within the perrierite field oftlic total Fe (as FeO) (wt.%) vs. CaO (wt.%) discriminator diagram of Macdonald and Belkin (2002). In contrast to most chevkinite-group minerals, the A site shows unusual enrichment in the MREE and HREE relative to the LREE and Ca. In one sample from the Napier Complex, Y is the dominant cation among the total REE + Y in the A site, the first reported case of Y-dominance in the chevkinite group. The minerals include the most Al-rich yet reported in the chevkinite group (<= 9.15 wt.% Al(2)O(3)), sufficient to fill the C site in two samples. Conversely, the amount of Ti in these samples does not fill the D site. and, thus, some of the Al could be making up the deficiency at D, a situation not previously reported in the chevkinite group. Fe abudances are low, requiring Mg to occupy up to 45% of the B site. The chevkinite-group minerals analysed originated from three distinct parageneses: (1) pegmatites containing hornblende and orthopyroxene or garnet; (2) orthopyroxene-bearing gneiss and granulite; (3) highly aluminous paragneisses in which the associated minerals are relatively magnesian or aluminous. Chevkinite-group minerals from the first two parageneses have relatively high FeO content and low MgO and Al(2)O(3) contents; their compositions plot in the field for mafic and intermediate igneous rocks. In contrast, chevkinite-group minerals from the third paragenesis are notably more aluminous and have greater Mg/Fe ratios. C1 [Belkin, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Macdonald, R.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Geol, IGMiP, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Macdonald, R.] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Environm, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Grew, E. S.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hbelkin@usgs.gov OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.149 PG 16 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 477PS UT WOS:000268531600012 ER PT J AU Goebel, AM Ranker, TA Corn, PS Olmstead, RG AF Goebel, Anna M. Ranker, Tom A. Corn, Paul Stephen Olmstead, Richard G. TI Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species group SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Amphibia; Anura; Bufonidae; Anaxyrus boreas; Bufo; boreas; halophilus; nelsoni; canorus; exsul; Restriction sites; Control region; Cytochrome oxidase I; 12S rDNA; Phylogeography; Conservation ID POSTGLACIAL RANGE EXPANSION; TOADS BUFO-AMERICANUS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION GENETICS; ALLOZYME VARIATION; CYTOCHROME-B; LEGGED FROG AB The Anaxyrus boreas species group currently comprises four species in western North America including the broadly distributed A. boreas, and three localized species, Anaxyrus nelsoni, Anaxyrus exsul and Anaxyrus canorus. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA 12S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase 1, control region, and restriction sites data, identified three major haplotype clades. The Northwest clade (NW) includes both subspecies of A. boreas and divergent minor clades in the middle Rocky Mountains, coastal, and central regions of the west and Pacific Northwest. The Southwest (SW) clade includes A. exsul, A. nelsoni, and minor clades in southern California. Anaxyrus canorus, previously identified as paraphyletic, has populations in both the NW and SW major clades. The Eastern major clade (E) includes three divergent lineages from southern Utah, the southern Rocky Mountains, and north of the Great Basin at the border of Utah and Nevada. These results identify new genetic variation in the eastern portion of the toad's range and are consistent with previous regional studies from the west coast. Low levels of control region sequence divergence between major clades (2.2-4.7% uncorrected pair-wise distances) are consistent with Pleistocene divergence and suggest that the phylogeographic history of the group was heavily influenced by dynamic Pleistocene glacial and climatic changes, and especially pluvial changes, in western North America. Results reported here may impact conservation plans in that the current taxonomy does not reflect the diversity in the group. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ranker, Tom A.] Univ Colorado, Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goebel, Anna M.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Corn, Paul Stephen] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Olmstead, Richard G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Epo Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Goebel, AM (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 10501 FGCU Blvd S, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. EM agoebel@fgcu.edu; ranker@hawaii.edu; scorn@usgs.gov; olmstead@u.washington.edu RI Ranker, Tom/K-3418-2012 FU National Biological Service; University of Colorado Graduate School; Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology; US Fish and Wildlife Service (Terry Ireland); National Science Foundation [BSR-9107827, DEB-9310802] FX We thank Alisa Gallant for preparing the maps and Tom Beatty for assistance in drawing the phylogenetic trees. Hobart Smith, Gregory B. Pauly, Deidre Evans, and Brian Bovard provided valuable comments on the manuscript, and Juliana Feder provided helpful discussions early on. We thank the following people for assistance collecting specimens or providing tissue: M.J. Adams, Andy Blaustein, S. Burton, Craig Fetkavich, Frances Cassirer, Cindy Carey, Rick Fridell, Erik Gergus, David Green, John Goettl, David Goode, Karin Hoff, Greg Horstman, Peter Hovingh, Richard Holland, W. Bryan Jennings, Mike Jennings, Mark Jones, Lauren Livo, Chuck Loeffler, David Martin, S.K. Meegan, Duane Monk, Keith Pahlke, Charles Peterson, R.V. Palermo, Bruce Rosenlund, David Ross, Jan Roth, H.B. Shaffer, R.L. Seib, Hobart Smith, Sam Sweet, Louise Trippe, Heather Way, Ed Wessman and the Utah Division of Wildlife. Specimens were made available from the following museum collections: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley (Anna Graybeal and Eric Johnson), Royal Ontario Museum (Ross McCollough). Todd Bergren, Biology Department, Community College of Aurora, Aurora, CO, allowed AMG to use the genome analyzer. Funding was provided by the National Biological Service (Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, Ft. Collins, CO), University of Colorado Graduate School, the Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, US Fish and Wildlife Service (Terry Ireland), and National Science Foundation Grant Nos. BSR-9107827 to Richard G. Olmstead and DEB-9310802 to Richard G. Olmstead and Anna M. Goebel. NR 151 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 209 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.019 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 404MU UT WOS:000263158100001 PM 18662792 ER PT J AU Miles, SB Keefer, DK AF Miles, S. B. Keefer, D. K. TI Toward a Comprehensive Areal Model of Earthquake-Induced Landslides SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FUZZY-SETS; UNCERTAINTY; STABILITY; SLOPES AB This paper provides a review of regional-scale modeling of earthquake-induced landslide hazard with respect to the needs for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. Based on this review, it sets out important research themes and suggests computing with words (CW), a methodology that includes fuzzy logic systems, as a fruitful modeling methodology for addressing many of these research themes. A range of research, reviewed here, has been conducted applying CW to various aspects of earthquake-induced landslide hazard zonation, but none facilitate comprehensive modeling of all types of earthquake-induced landslides. A new comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides (CAMEL) is introduced here that was developed using fuzzy logic systems. CAMEL provides an integrated framework for modeling all types of earthquake-induced landslides using geographic information systems. CAMEL is designed to facilitate quantitative and qualitative representation of terrain conditions and knowledge about these conditions on the likely areal concentration of each landslide type. CAMEL is highly modifiable and adaptable; new knowledge can be easily added, while existing knowledge can be changed to better match local knowledge and conditions. As such, CAMEL should not be viewed as a complete alternative to other earthquake-induced landslide models. CAMEL provides an open framework for incorporating other models, such as Newmark's displacement method, together with previously incompatible empirical and local knowledge. C1 [Miles, S. B.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Inst Global & Community Resilience, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Keefer, D. K.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Miles, SB (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Inst Global & Community Resilience, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM scott.miles@wwu.edu OI Miles, Scott B/0000-0003-3968-2347 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2009)10:1(19) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA V19CT UT WOS:000208051200003 ER PT J AU Sheehan, KR Welsh, SA AF Sheehan, Kenneth R. Welsh, Stuart A. TI An Interpolation Method for Stream Habitat Assessments SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL; RIVER; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Interpolation of stream habitat can be very useful for habitat assessment. Using a small number of habitat samples to predict the habitat of larger areas can reduce time and labor costs as long as it provides accurate estimates of habitat. The spatial correlation of stream habitat variables Such as substrate and depth improves the accuracy of interpolated data. Several geographical information system interpolation methods (natural neighbor. inverse distance weighted, ordinary kriging, spline, and universal kriging) were used to predict substrate and depth within a 210.7-m(2) section of a second-order stream based on 2.5% and 5.0% sampling of the total area. Depth and substrate were recorded for the entire study site and compared with the interpolated values to determine the accuracy of the predictions. In all instances, the 5% interpolations were more accurate for both depth and substrate than the 2.5% interpolations, which achieved accuracies tip to 95% and 92%, respectively. Interpolations of depth based on 2.5% sampling attained accuracies of 49-92%, whereas those based oil 5% percent sampling attained accuracies of 57-95%. Natural neighbor interpolation was more accurate than that using the inverse distance weighted, ordinary kriging, spline, and universal kriging approaches. Our findings demonstrate the effective use of minimal amounts of small-scale data for the interpolation of habitat over large areas of a stream channel. Use of this method will provide time and cost savings in the assessment of large sections of rivers as well as functional maps to aid the habitat-based management of aquatic species. C1 [Sheehan, Kenneth R.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sheehan, KR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ksheehan@mix.wvu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank P. Mazik, J. S. Kite, M. Strager, G. Staines, and R. Utz for comments and criticisms during the creation of the manuscript and during the scientific process. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement of commercial products by the U.S. government. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1577/M07-080.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FV UT WOS:000268505000001 ER PT J AU Baumsteiger, J Kerby, JL AF Baumsteiger, Jason Kerby, Jacob L. TI Effectiveness of Salmon Carcass Tissue for Use in DNA Extraction and Amplification in Conservation Genetic Studies SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; COHO SALMON; PRESERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENTS; TROUT AB A key concern in conservation genetic studies is obtaining viable DNA for analysis. In Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., carcasses represent a feasible alternative for obtaining this tissue. However, the relative speed with which a salmon carcass decomposes can affect the quality of the extracted DNA. We extracted DNA from three different tissues (anal fin. operculum, and scales) obtained from carcasses of Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha at three different levels of decomposition (slight, moderate, and extensive). Freshly euthanized fish were included as a control. Extraction of DNA was accomplished using two common methods: the Chelex method and the Qiagen DNeasy spin column method. For each extracted sample, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify one small microsatellite locus (170-375 base pairs [bp]), one large nuclear locus (971 bp), and one large mitochondrial locus (1,300 bp). Results suggest that DNA suitable for PCR amplification at all three loci can be readily obtained from carcasses with slight decay. Qiagen spin columns appeared to provide the best extraction method, and fin clips were the optimal tissue type. Qiagen spin columns were the only extraction method that yielded DNA suitable for PCR from carcasses with moderate to extreme decay, although positive results were less reliable. Chelex extractions proved effective for amplifying small microsatellite loci from fin and scale samples but only those from carcasses with slight decay. With further optimization of techniques, we believe salmon carcasses can be used as it suitable source of tissue for DNA extraction and subsequent study in a conservation genetics framework. C1 [Baumsteiger, Jason; Kerby, Jacob L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Baumsteiger, Jason] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Baumsteiger, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, 5200 N Lake Ave, Merced, CA 95343 USA. EM jbaumsteiger@ucmerced.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1577/M07-212.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FV UT WOS:000268505000005 ER PT J AU Leavy, TR Bonner, TH AF Leavy, Tracy R. Bonner, Timothy H. TI Relationships among Swimming Ability, Current Velocity Association, and Morphology for Freshwater Lotic Fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STREAM FISH; LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; NONNATIVE FISHES; MICROHABITAT USE; PERFORMANCE; SALMON; ASSEMBLAGE; TEXAS; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB We determined swimming ability for 37 warmwater stream fishes in Texas and Louisiana and assessed relationships among swimming ability, habitat selection, and fish morphology. Mean absolute speeds (cm/s) were 17.8-81.9 cm/s for Cyprinidae, 50.9 cm/s for Characidae, 70.0 cm/s for Ictaluridae, 33.0 cm/s for Cichlidae, 40.0 cm/s for Percidae, 30.7-43.4 cm/s for Cyprinodontidae, 30.2 cm/s for Atherinidae, 15.7-18.6 cm/s for Poeciliidae, and 23.4-40.5 cm/s for Centrarchidae. Absolute swimming speeds were correlated (P<0.01) to reported habitat descriptions (i.e., sloughs, lakes, streams, and rivers) of fishes. Absolute swimming speeds also were good predictors of spatial (i.e., runs, pools, and riffles) distributions of fishes from Independence Creek, Texas (P=0.03), and Banita Creek. Texas (P=0.06). Multivariate ordination of nine morphological attributes identified the linear combination of relative body depth, dorsal fin length, and caudal span width as an adequate predictor (P<0.01) of swimming speed: however, several exceptions were noted. Understanding interactions between current velocity and swimming ability in fishes is critical to species conservation and to maintaining instream flow requirements for fishes. C1 [Leavy, Tracy R.; Bonner, Timothy H.] Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Leavy, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM tracy_leavy@fws.gov FU U.S. Army, Fort Polk, Louisiana; Department of Biology, Texas State University-San Marcos FX We are especially grateful to Brad Littrell and Dusty McDonald for field assistance. We also thank The Nature Conservancy (Jason Wrinkle) for access to Independence Creek and the U.S. Army (Danny Hudson) for access to Peason Ridge Training Area. Jackie Watson and Casey Williams provided habitat use data from Independence Creek and Banita Creek. Financial support was provided by grants from the U.S. Army, Fort Polk, Louisiana, and Department of Biology, Texas State University-San Marcos. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 12 U2 39 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1577/M07-040.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FV UT WOS:000268505000008 ER PT J AU Koch, JD Quist, MC Pierce, CL Hansen, KA Steuck, MJ AF Koch, Jeff D. Quist, Michael C. Pierce, Clay L. Hansen, Kirk A. Steuck, Michael J. TI Effects of Commercial Harvest on Shovelnose Sturgeon Populations in the Upper Mississippi River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PECTORAL FIN RAYS; UPPER WABASH RIVER; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; MISSOURI RIVER; AGE; GROWTH; PRECISION; ACCURACY; INDIANA; FISHES AB Shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus have become an increasingly important commercial species in the upper Mississippi River (UMR) because of the collapse of foreign sturgeon (family Acipenseridae) populations and bans on imported caviar. In response to concerns about the sustainability of the commercial shovelnose sturgeon fishery in the UMR, we undertook this study to describe the demographics of the shovelnose sturgeon population and evaluate the influence of commercial harvest on shovelnose sturgeon Populations in the UMR. A total of 1,682 shovelnose sturgeon were collected from eight study pools in 2006 and 2007 (Pools 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, and 18). Shovelnose sturgeon from upstream pools generally had greater lengths, weights, and ages than those from downstream pools. Additionally. mortality estimates were lower in upstream pools (Pools 4, 7, 9, and 11) than in downstream pools (Pools 13, 14, 16, and 18). Linear regression suggested that the slower growth of shovelnose sturgeon is a consequence of commercial harvest in the UMR. Modeling of potential management scenarios suggested that a 685-mm minimum length limit is necessary to prevent growth and recruitment overfishing of shovelnose sturgeon in the UMR. C1 [Koch, Jeff D.; Quist, Michael C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hansen, Kirk A.; Steuck, Michael J.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Ames, IA 52031 USA. RP Koch, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jkoch8@iastate.edu OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University FX We thank G. Jones, M. Marron, J. Meerbeek; S. Pecinovsky, P. Short, and A. Thiese for assistance with this project. We also thank field and laboratory technicians K. Bartachek, J. Davis, and M. Hangsleben. This manuscript was improved by reviews from D. Rowe, Z. Jackson, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 84 EP 100 DI 10.1577/M08-115.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FV UT WOS:000268505000009 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RM AF Goldstein, Robert M. TI Interpreting Stream Physical Characteristics in Index of Biotic Integrity Classifications: General Similarities and Specific Differences SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITIES; URBAN INTENSITY; HABITAT; MIDWEST; TRAITS AB Fish assemblage-based indices of biotic integrity (IBIs) are commonly used by many states. These IBIs contain a core of common metrics and a few metrics that are specific to the local environmental setting and fish assemblage. This implies a consistency of responses as degradation increases, but the responses are modified by the local environmental setting. These implications lead to two hypotheses: (1) stream physical characteristics, such as substrate composition, geomorphologic composition, and hydraulic characteristics, will differ among integrity classes regardless of geographic location or environmental setting and (2) the differences in stream physical characteristics among integrity classes change due to the environmental setting. To test these hypotheses, fish assemblages and stream physical characteristics were examined across a priori defined degradation gradients in four diverse environmental settings by comparing species traits (preferences for substrate, preferences for geomorphic channel units, and locomotion morphology) and stream physical characteristics (substrate composition, geomorphic channel unit abundance, and stream hydraulic characteristics) among three IBI classes (high, moderate, and low). Across all environmental settings combined, Euclidean distances of species traits normalized to local reference conditions indicated differences in substrate preferences among each of the three integrity classes: substrate particle size preferences differed among all three integrity classes, geomorphic channel unit preference differed between the high-integrity sites and the other sites, and locomotion morphology differed between low-integrity sites and the other sites. These results indicate that degradation occurs in each of the three physical stream characteristics regardless of environmental setting. Within the individual environmental settings, there were some specific differences in the changes in substrate preferences, geomorphic unit preference, and locomotion morphology among integrity classes. Within individual environmental settings, differences in stream physical characteristics among integrity classes generally reflected the same differences as indicated by differences in fish assemblage composition. C1 [Goldstein, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Maine Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Goldstein, RM (reprint author), 4988 NW Bramblewood Lane, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM bkgoldstein@comcast.net FU NAWQA program FX I thank the biologists, hydrologists, and technicians, too numerous to name individually, who spent their time and effort collecting data as part of the NAWQA program. Mike Meador and Daren Carlisle provided useful direction in discussions early in the process. I also thank James Falcone and Naomi Nakagaki for their efforts with geographical information systems data, and I am grateful to reviewers Mile Bilger, Larry Brown, Terry Maret, and Terry Short in addition to the anonymous reviewers. This study was conducted as part of an ecological synthesis through the NAWQA program. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1577/M07-138.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FV UT WOS:000268505000015 ER PT J AU Sears, J Hatch, SA O'Brien, DM AF Sears, Justine Hatch, Scott A. O'Brien, Diane M. TI Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Diet-tissue fractionation; Food restriction; delta C-13; delta N-15; Nitrogen-use efficiency ID TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; DELTA-N-15 VALUES; NITROGEN-BALANCE; METABOLIC-RATE; FOOD-WEB; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-C-13; FEATHERS; CARBON; DIET AB A growing number of studies suggest that an individual's physiology affects its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures, obscuring a signal often assumed to be only a reflection of diet and foraging location. We examined effects of growth and moderate food restriction on red blood cell (RBC) and feather delta N-15 and delta C-13 in rhinoceros auklet chicks (Cerorhinca monocerata), a piscivorous seabird. Chicks were reared in captivity and fed either control (75 g/day; n = 7) or 40% restricted (40 g/day; n = 6) amounts of high quality forage fish. We quantified effects of growth on isotopic fractionation by comparing delta N-15 and delta C-13 in control chicks to those of captive, non-growing subadult auklets (n = 11) fed the same diet. To estimate natural levels of isotopic variation, we also collected blood from a random sample of free-living rhinoceros auklet adults and chicks in the Gulf of Alaska (n = 15 for each), as well as adult feather samples (n = 13). In the captive experiment, moderate food restriction caused significant depletion in delta N-15 of both RBCs and feathers in treatment chicks compared to control chicks. Growth also induced depletion in RBC delta N-15, with chicks exhibiting lower delta N-15 when they were growing the fastest. As growth slowed, delta N-15 increased, resulting in an overall pattern of enrichment over the course of the nestling period. Combined effects of growth and restriction depleted delta N-15 in chick RBCs by 0.92aEuro degrees. We propose that increased nitrogen-use efficiency is responsible for N-15 depletion in both growing and food-restricted chicks. delta N-15 values in RBCs of free-ranging auklets fell within a range of only 1.03aEuro degrees, while feather delta N-15 varied widely. Together, our captive and field results suggest that both growth and moderate food restriction can affect stable isotope ratios in an ecologically meaningful way in RBCs although not feathers due to greater natural variability in this tissue. C1 [Sears, Justine; O'Brien, Diane M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hatch, Scott A.] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Sears, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftjss1@uaf.edu RI O'Brien, Diane/B-2919-2010 OI O'Brien, Diane/0000-0001-5807-9661 FU UAF Institute of Arctic Biology; US Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center; Alaska EPSCoR; Angus Gavin Memorial Bird Research Fund FX We thank the 2006 and 2007 Middleton Island crews for egg collection and assistance in the Weld, and T. Howe and N. Haubenstock at the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility who performed isotopic analysis. We also thank R. Lord, C. Williams, M. Schultz, M. Benowitz-Fredericks, A. Keech, J. Brewer and the UAF Animal Quarters staff for help rearing and bleeding chicks. The captive portion of the study was supported by a grant from the UAF Institute of Arctic Biology to A. S. Kitaysky. The US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center covered Weld costs. J. S. was supported by a graduate fellowship from Alaska EPSCoR and a grant from the Angus Gavin Memorial Bird Research Fund, which also covered all costs of stable isotope analysis. A. Powell, C. Williams, S. Oppel, and two anonymous reviewers provided many helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. All captive and Weld procedures were approved by UAF IACUC (Assurance # 07-28). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 40 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2009 VL 159 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1199-3 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396FD UT WOS:000262576700004 PM 18975007 ER PT J AU Dengler, L Uslu, B Barberopoulou, A Yim, SC Kelly, A AF Dengler, L. Uslu, B. Barberopoulou, A. Yim, S. C. Kelly, A. TI The November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands-Generated Tsunami in Crescent City, California SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 2006 Kuril Islands earthquake; Tsunami; Crescent City; Tsunami warning system; Coastal damage; Hazard mitigation AB On November 15, 2006, Crescent City in Del Norte County, California was hit by a tsunami generated by a M-w 8.3 earthquake in the central Kuril Islands. Strong currents that persisted over an eight-hour period damaged floating docks and several boats and caused an estimated $9.2 million in losses. Initial tsunami alert bulletins issued by the West Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WCATWC) in Palmer, Alaska were cancelled about three and a half hours after the earthquake, nearly five hours before the first surges reached Crescent City. The largest amplitude wave, 1.76-meter peak to trough, was the sixth cycle and arrived over two hours after the first wave. Strong currents estimated at over 10 knots, damaged or destroyed three docks and caused cracks in most of the remaining docks. As a result of the November 15 event, WCATWC changed the definition of Advisory from a region-wide alert bulletin meaning that a potential tsunami is 6 hours or further away to a localized alert that tsunami water heights may approach warning- level thresholds in specific, vulnerable locations like Crescent City. On January 13, 2007 a similar Kuril event occurred and hourly conferences between the warning center and regional weather forecasts were held with a considerable improvement in the flow of information to local coastal jurisdictions. The event highlighted the vulnerability of harbors from a relatively modest tsunami and underscored the need to improve public education regarding the duration of the tsunami hazards, improve dialog between tsunami warning centers and local jurisdictions, and better understand the currents produced by tsunamis in harbors. C1 [Dengler, L.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Uslu, B.; Barberopoulou, A.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Uslu, B.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Yim, S. C.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kelly, A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dengler, L (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM lad1@humboldt.edu; Uslu@noaa.gov; yim@oregonstate.edu; annabelkelly@gmail.com RI Barberopoulou, Aggeliki/C-5903-2014 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s00024-008-0429-2 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 418XP UT WOS:000264183600003 ER PT J AU Suleimani, E Hansen, R Haeussler, P AF Suleimani, Elena Hansen, Roger Haeussler, Peter J. TI Numerical Study of Tsunami Generated by Multiple Submarine Slope Failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the M-W 9.2 1964 Earthquake SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Landslide-generated tsunamis; numerical modeling; 1964 Alaska earthquake; Resurrection Bay; Seward ID LANDSLIDES; WAVES; MODEL AB We use a viscous slide model of Jiang and LeBlond (1994) coupled with nonlinear shallow water equations to study tsunami waves in Resurrection Bay, in south-central Alaska. The town of Seward, located at the head of Resurrection Bay, was hit hard by both tectonic and local landslide-generated tsunami waves during the M-W 9.2 1964 earthquake with an epicenter located about 150 km northeast of Seward. Recent studies have estimated the total volume of underwater slide material that moved in Resurrection Bay during the earthquake to be about 211 million m(3). Resurrection Bay is a glacial fjord with large tidal ranges and sediments accumulating on steep underwater slopes at a high rate. Also, it is located in a seismically active region above the Aleutian megathrust. All these factors make the town vulnerable to locally generated waves produced by underwater slope failures. Therefore it is crucial to assess the tsunami hazard related to local landslide-generated tsunamis in Resurrection Bay in order to conduct comprehensive tsunami inundation mapping at Seward. We use numerical modeling to recreate the landslides and tsunami waves of the 1964 earthquake to test the hypothesis that the local tsunami in Resurrection Bay has been produced by a number of different slope failures. We find that numerical results are in good agreement with the observational data, and the model could be employed to evaluate landslide tsunami hazard in Alaska fjords for the purposes of tsunami hazard mitigation. C1 [Suleimani, Elena; Hansen, Roger] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] Alaska Sci Ctr, USGS, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Suleimani, E (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM elena@gi.alaska.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research [27-014d, 06-028a] FX This study was supported by NOAA grants 27-014d and 06-028a through Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research, and by the USGS. We thank Michelle Coombs, Chris Waythomas and anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions that improved this manuscript. The authors also thank Keith Labay for the construction of the high-resolution DEM of Resurrection Bay, and Dave West for data processing in ArcGIS and his help in preparing the figures. Numerical calculations for this work are supported by a grant of High Performance Computing (HPC) resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks as part of the US Department of Defense HPC Modernization Program. We thank ARSC specialists Miho Aoki and Sergei Maurits for visualizations of computational results. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s00024-004-0430-3 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 418XP UT WOS:000264183600008 ER PT J AU Pigati, JS Bright, JE Shanahan, TM Mahan, SA AF Pigati, Jeffrey S. Bright, Jordon E. Shanahan, Timothy M. Mahan, Shannon A. TI Late Pleistocene paleohydrology near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, southeastern Arizona, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY LACUSTRINE; SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; PAST 21,000 YEARS; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; HALF-LIFE; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE AB Ground-water discharge (GWD) deposits form in and environments as water tables rise and approach breach the ground surface during periods of enhanced effective precipitation. Where preserved, these deposits contain information on the timing and elevation of past ground-water fluctuations. Here we report on the investigation of a series of GWD deposits that are exposed in discontinuous outcrops a similar to 150-km stretch of the San Pedro Valley in southeastern Arizona, near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts. Chronologic, isotopic, geochemical, faunal assemblage (ostracodes and gastropods), and sedimentological evidence collectively suggest that the elevation of the regional water table in the valley rose in response to a change in climate similar to 50 ka ago and remained relatively high for the next similar to 35 ka before falling during the Bolling-Allerod warm period, rebounding briefly during the Younger Dryas cold event, and falling again at the onset of the Holocene. The timing of these hydrologic changes coincides closely with variations in delta(18)O values of calcite from a nearby speleothem to the west and changes in lake levels at pluvial Lake Cochise to the east. Thus, in southeastern Arizona, the assumption that changes in climate are reflected in all aspects of the hydrologic cycle of a region simultaneously is validated. The timing of these changes also broadly coincides with variations in the GISP2 delta(18)O record, which supports the hypothesis that atmospheric teleconnections existed between the North Atlantic and the deserts of the American Southwest during the late Pleistocene. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Bright, Jordon E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bright, Jordon E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Shanahan, Timothy M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pigati, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jpigati@usgs.gov RI Shanahan, Timothy/B-1298-2012; OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Mendenhall post-doctoral research program FX We thank W. Pratt and J. Nekola for their assistance with gastropod identifications. We also thank E. Pigati for field assistance and D. Dettman and J. Budahn for laboratory assistance. We also thank the Arizona AMS facility, particularly AJ.T. Jull, for providing many of the radiocarbon measurements at reduced cost. This project benefited tremendously from insightful conversations with C.V. Haynes, Jr., J. Quade, and J. Betancourt, and the support of L. Klasky and the University of Arizona Desert Laboratory. This manuscript also improved through constructive reviews from G. Ellis, M. Kirby, D. Muhs, R. Thompson, and an anonymous reviewer. This project was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey's Mendenhall post-doctoral research program. NR 84 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3-4 BP 286 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.022 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 416GJ UT WOS:000263993400009 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Ross, RM Dropkin, DS AF Kocovsky, Patrick M. Ross, Robert M. Dropkin, David S. TI PRIORITIZING REMOVAL OF DAMS FOR PASSAGE OF DIADROMOUS FISHES ON A MAJOR RIVER SYSTEM SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dam; removal; anadromous; diadromous; alosine; habitat suitability; prioritization ID LOW-HEAD DAM; AMERICAN SHAD LARVAE; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; HABITAT; RESTORATION; HISTORY; FORM AB Native diadromous fishes have been extirpated from much of the Susquehanna River system for nearly a century. Recent restoration efforts have focused oil removal of dams, but there are hundreds of darns and presently there is no biologically based system to assist in prioritizing their removal. We present a new method that uses existing habitat suitability index models (HSI) for American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewife A. pseudoharengus, blueback herring A. aestivalis, and American eel Anguilla rostrata to prioritize the removal of non-hydropower dams within the Susquehanna River system. We ranked HSI scores for each of the four species, association between a landscape-scale factor and HSIs, length of river opened by removing a dam, and distance from the mouth at Chesapeake Bay for each dam and then calculated a mean rank prioritization for dam removal by averaging the ranks for the seven criteria. This prioritization method is resistant to outliers, is not strongly affected by somewhat arbitrary decisions on metrics included in the analysis, and provides a biologically based prioritization for dam removal that can be easily amended to include other metrics or adapted to other river systems and that complements other social and economic considerations that must be included in decisions to remove dams. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 [Kocovsky, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Ross, Robert M.; Dropkin, David S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM pkocovsky@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1002/rra.1094 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 409EO UT WOS:000263489200001 ER PT J AU Kinzel, PJ Nelson, JM Heckman, AK AF Kinzel, Paul J. Nelson, Jonathan M. Heckman, Ashley K. TI RESPONSE OF SANDHILL CRANE (GRUS CANADENSIS) RIVERINE ROOSTING HABITAT TO CHANGES IN STAGE AND SANDBAR MORPHOLOGY SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecohydraulics; habitat assessment; hydrodynamic modelling; instream flow; Platte River; sandhill cranes ID PLATTE-RIVER; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; BRAIDED RIVER; NEBRASKA AB Over the past century, flow regulation and vegetation encroachment have reduced active channel widths along the central Platte River, Nebraska. During the last two decades, an annual program of in-channel vegetation management has been implemented to stabilize or expand active channel width. Vegetation management practices are intended to enhance riverine habitats which include nocturnal roosting habitat for sandhill cranes. Evaluating the success of other management treatments such as streamflow modification requires an understanding of flow flow shapes the sandbars in the river and how sandbar morphology interacts with now to create crane habitat. These linkages were investigated along a 1-km managed river reach by comparing the spatial pattern of riverine roosts and emergent sandbars identified with aerial infrared imagery to variables computed with a two-dimensional hydraulic model. Nocturnal observations made multiple years showed that the area and patterns of riverine roosts and emergent sandbars and the densities of cranes within roosts changed with stage. Despite sandbar vegetation management, low flows were concentrated into incised channels rather than spread out over broad sandbars. The flow model was used to compute hydraulic variables for identical streamflows through two sandbar morphologies one following a period of relatively high flow and the other following the low-flow period. Compared with the simulation using the morphology from the antecedent high flow, the Simulation using the morphology from the antecedent low flow produced a smaller quantity of available welled area. These remote-sensing observations and hydraulic simulations illustrate the importance of considering flow history when designing streamflows to manage in-channel habitat for cranes. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kinzel, Paul J.; Nelson, Jonathan M.; Heckman, Ashley K.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Kinzel, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM pjkinzel@usgs.gov OI Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1002/rra.1103 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 409EO UT WOS:000263489200003 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Lyon, JE AF Kenow, Kevin P. Lyon, James E. TI COMPOSITION OF THE SEED BANK IN DRAWDOWN AREAS OF NAVIGATION POOL 8 OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic plants; Mississippi River; moist-soil vegetation; propagules; seed bank ID VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; WETLAND VEGETATION; PRAIRIE WETLAND; MARSH; RECRUITMENT; FLOODPLAIN; GRADIENT; DATE; LAKE AB In an effort to enhance aquatic plant production and habitat diversity on the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), resource managers considered water level reduction as a management tool to increase the area of emergent and submersed aquatic vegetation by natural seed germination. To quantify the availability of seed, we assessed the potential seed bank of selected areas of Navigation Pool 8 of the UMR from substrate samples collected in spring 2000. We tested these samples for viable seed content under four hydrologic conditions: dry, moist, shallow flooded and submerged. Forty-seven species were identified in the seed bank, including 27 obligate wetland, 10 facultative wetland and 7 upland species. Dominant taxa within the seed bank included Sagittaria spp., Lindcrnia dubia. Zosterella dubia, Cyperus spp., Eragrostis spp. and Leersia oryzoides. Of the four hydrologic treatments, moist substrates had the greatest species diversity and were the most productive, yielding an average density of 1420 seedlings m(-2). Emergent and submersed aquatic species were widely distributed, each type occurring in more than 90% of the samples. Timing of seedling germination varied among species and has implications for scheduling drawdowns to promote establishment of desired species. Seed bank results were correlated with the vegetation response on substrates exposed during a reduction of water levels of Pool 8 during summer 2001. Experimentally determining the composition and viability of seed banks from drawdown areas provides information useful in predicting the types of vegetation that may develop on exposed substrates. Further, these findings provide resource managers a better understanding of the potential C1 [Kenow, Kevin P.; Lyon, James E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 194 EP 207 DI 10.1002/rra.1118 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 409EO UT WOS:000263489200007 ER PT J AU Reilly, TJ Fishman, NS Baehr, AL AF Reilly, Timothy J. Fishman, Neil S. Baehr, Arthur L. TI Effect of Grain-Coating Mineralogy on Nitrate and Sulfate Storage in the Unsaturated Zone SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAY-DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS; CHARGE PROPERTIES; SOILS; ADSORPTION; MOBILITY; NITROGEN; RETENTION; GOETHITE; PATTERNS; COLUMNS AB Unsaturated-zone sediments and the chemistry of shallow groundwater underlying a small (similar to 8-km(2)) watershed were studied to identify the mechanisms responsible for anion storage within the Miocene Bridgeton Formation and weathered Coastal Plain deposits in southern New Jersey. Lower unsaturated-zone sediments and shallow groundwater samples were collected and concentrations of selected ions (including NO(3)(-) and SO(4)(2-)) from 11 locations were determined. Grain size, sorting, and color of the lower unsaturated-zone sediments were determined and the mineralogy of these grains and the composition of coatings were analyzed by petrographic examination, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of x-rays, and quantitative whole-rock x-ray diffraction. The sediment grains, largely quartz and chert (80-94% w/w), are coated with a very fine-grained (<20 mu m), complex mixture of kaolinite, halloysite, goethite, and possibly gibbsite and lepidocrocite. The mineral coatings are present as an open fabric, resulting in a large surface area in contact with pore water. Significant correlations between the amount of goethite in the grain coatings and the concentration of sediment-bound SO(4)(2-) were observed, indicative of anion sorption. Other mineral-chemical relations indicate that negatively charged surfaces and competion with SO(4)(2-) results in exclusion of NO(3)(-) from inner sphere exchange sites. The observed NO(3)(-) storage may be a result of matrix forces within the grain coatings and outer sphere complexation. The results of this study indicate that the mineralogy of grain coatings can have demonstrable effects on the storage of NO(3)(-) and SO(4)(2-) in the unsaturated zone. C1 [Reilly, Timothy J.; Baehr, Arthur L.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Fishman, Neil S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reilly, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM tjreilly@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0053 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 415DS UT WOS:000263915100008 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR Schmidt, KM Perkins, KS Stock, JD AF Nimmo, John R. Schmidt, Kevin M. Perkins, Kim S. Stock, Jonathan D. TI Rapid Measurement of Field-Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity for Areal Characterization SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE INFILTRATION; RING INFILTROMETERS; TENSION INFILTROMETER; PONDED INFILTRATION; SOIL; WATER; FLOW; DESIGN; AIR AB To provide an improved methodology for characterizing the field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(fs)) over broad areas with extreme spatial variability and ordinary limitations oftime and resources, we developed and tested a simplified apparatus and procedure, correcting mathematically for the major deficiencies of the simplified implementation. The methodology includes use of a portable, falling-head, small-diameter (similar to 20 cm) single-ring infiltrometer and an analytical formula for K(fs) that compensates both for nonconstant falling head and for the subsurface radial spreading that unavoidably occurs with small ring size. We applied this method to alluvial fan deposits varying in degree of pedogenic maturity in the arid Mojave National Preserve, California. The measurements are consistent with a more rigorous and time-consuming K(fs) measurement method, produce the expected systematic trends in K(fs) when compared among soils of contrasting degrees of pedogenic development, and relate in expected ways to results of widely accepted methods. C1 [Nimmo, John R.; Schmidt, Kevin M.; Perkins, Kim S.; Stock, Jonathan D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0159 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 415DS UT WOS:000263915100015 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Sawdey, R Ishii, S Shively, DA Ferguson, JA Whitman, RL Sadowsky, MJ AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Sawdey, Richard Ishii, Satoshi Shively, Dawn A. Ferguson, John A. Whitman, Richard L. Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Seasonal stability of Cladophora-associated Salmonella in Lake Michigan watersheds SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Beach water quality; Cladophora-Salmonella association; Enteric bacteria; Environmental survival; Lake Michigan; Public health ID REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEARSHORE WATER; ALGA CLADOPHORA; SURVIVAL; BEACH; CHLOROPHYTA; BACTERIA; SAND; ENVIRONMENTS AB The bacterial pathogens Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were recently found to be associated with Cladophora growing in southern Lake Michigan. Preliminary results indicated that the Salmonella strains associated with Cladophora were genetically identical to each other. However, because of the small sample size (n = 37 isolates) and a lack of information on spatial-temporal relationships, the nature of the association between Cladophora and Salmonella remained speculative. In this study, we investigated the population structure and genetic relatedness of a large number of Cladophora-borne Salmonella isolates from Lake Michigan (n = 133), as well as those isolated from stream and lake water (n = 31), aquatic plants (n = 8), and beach sands and sediments (n = 8) from adjacent watersheds. Salmonella isolates were collected during 2005-2007 between May and August from Lake Michigan beachsheds in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana. The genetic relatedness of Salmonella isolates was examined by using the horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced rep-PGR (HFERP) DNA fingerprinting technique. While the Salmonella isolates associated with Cladophora exhibited a high degree of genetic relatedness (>= 92% similarity), the isolates were not all genetically identical. Spatial and temporal relationships were evident in the populations examined, with tight clustering of the isolates both by year and location. These findings suggest that the relationship between Salmonella and Cladophora is likely casual and is related to input sources (e.g. wastewater, runoff, birds) and the predominant Salmonella genotype surviving in the environment during a given season. Our studies indicate that Cladophora is likely an important reservoir for Salmonella and other enteric bacterial pathogens in Lake Michigan beachsheds, which in turn may influence nearshore water quality. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sawdey, Richard; Ishii, Satoshi; Ferguson, John A.; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Shively, Dawn A.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sadowsky@umn.edu RI Ishii, Satoshi/C-7000-2012; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Ishii, Satoshi/0000-0003-3600-9165; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X FU Minnesota Sea Grant College Program; NOAA Office of Sea Grant, United States Department of Commerce [NA03-OAR4170048]; University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Donna Ferguson, Joy Marburger, and Douglas Wilcox for their critical review of this manuscript. We thank Gregory Kleinheinz, Julie Kinzelman, and Ken Hyde for providing Cludophora samples. We thank Valerie O'Bannon, Norbert Tavares, Hung Vu, and Tao Yan for their technical help. This work was supported, in part, by grants from the Minnesota Sea Grant College Program, NOAA Office of Sea Grant, United States Department of Commerce under grant no. NA03-OAR4170048 (to M.J.S. and R.E,H.), and from the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (to MJS). This paper is journal reprint no. JR 558 of the Minnesota Sea Grant College Program and is Contribution 1514 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 806 EP 814 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 411OK UT WOS:000263658700026 PM 19059626 ER PT J AU Belkin, HE Tewalt, SJ Hower, JC Stucker, JD O'Keefe, JMK AF Belkin, Harvey E. Tewalt, Susan J. Hower, James C. Stucker, J. D. O'Keefe, J. M. K. TI Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indonesia; Coal; Geochemistry; Organic petrology; Paleogene; Neogene ID DEPOSIT AB Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, but only in the last two decades have government and commercial forces resulted in a remarkable coal boom. A recent assessment of Indonesian coal-bed methane (CBM) potential has motivated active CBM exploration. Most of the coal is Paleogene and Neogene, low to moderate rank and has low ash yield and sulfur (generally < 10 and <1 wt.%, respectively). Active tectonic and igneous activity has resulted in significant rank increase in some coal basins. Eight coal samples are described that represent the major export and/or resource potential of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Detailed geochemistry, including proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, and major, minor, and trace element determinations are presented. Organic petrology and vitrinite reflectance data reflect various precursor flora assemblages and rank variations, including sample composites from active igneous and tectonic areas. A comparison of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) elements abundance with world and US averages show that the Indonesian coals have low combustion pollution potential. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Belkin, Harvey E.; Tewalt, Susan J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hower, James C.; Stucker, J. D.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Stucker, J. D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [O'Keefe, J. M. K.] Morehead State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hbelkin@usgs.gov OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2008.08.001 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 408FZ UT WOS:000263422200004 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Guevara, EH Hentz, TF Hook, RW AF Hackley, Paul C. Guevara, Edgar H. Hentz, Tucker F. Hook, Robert W. TI Thermal maturity and organic composition of Pennsylvanian coals and carbonaceous shales, north-central Texas: Implications for coalbed gas potential SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Texas; Bituminous coal; Coalbed gas; Organic petrology; Thermal maturity ID FORT-WORTH BASIN; MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; TOTAL PETROLEUM SYSTEM; ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS; PLAY; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; USA AB Thermal maturity was determined for about 120 core, cuttings. and outcrop samples to investigate the potential for coalbed gas resources in Pennsylvanian strata of north-central Texas. Shallow (<600 m; 2000 ft) coal and carbonaceous shale cuttings samples from the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian Strawn, Canyon, and Cisco Groups in Archer and Young Counties on the Eastern Shelf of the Midland basin (northwest and downdip from the outcrop) yielded mean random vitrinite reflectance (R(0)) values between about 0.4 and 0.8%. This range of & values indicates rank from subbituminous C to high volatile A bituminous in the shallow subsurface, which may be sufficient for early thermogenic gas generation. Near-surface (<100 m; 300 ft) core and outcrop samples of coal from areas of historical underground coal mining in the region yielded similar R. values of 0.5 to 0.8%. Carbonaceous shale core samples of Lower Pennsylvanian strata (lower Atoka Group) from two deeper wells (samples from similar to 1650 m; 5400 ft) in Jack and western Wise Counties in the western part of the Fort Worth basin yielded higher & values of about 1.0%. Pyrolysis and petrographic data for the lower Atoka samples indicate mixed Type II/Type III organic matter, suggesting generated hydrocarbons may be both gas- and oil-prone. In all other samples, organic material is dominated by Type III organic matter (vitrinite), indicating that generated hydrocarbons should be gas-prone. Individual coal beds are thin at outcrop (<1 m; 3.3 ft), laterally discontinuous, and moderately high in ash yield and sulfur content. A possible analog for coalbed gas potential in the Pennsylvanian section of north-central Texas occurs on the northeast Oklahoma shelf and in the Cherokee basin of southeastern Kansas, where contemporaneous gas-producing coal beds are similar in thickness, quality, and rank. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Guevara, Edgar H.; Hentz, Tucker F.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Coal Resources Data System State Cooperative Program FX This work was financially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Coal Resources Data System State Cooperative Program. Susan Tewalt and Peter Warwick of USGS helped with project coordination. Christopher Burr and Martina Hopkins of USGS helped with sample preparation. USGS technical reviewers Robert Milici and Robert Ryder, and team chief scientist jim Coleman improved the quality and clarity of this report with their insightful observations. Comments from journal reviewers Brian Cardott of the Oklahoma Geological Survey, David Marchioni of Petro-Logic Services, and guest editor Hamed Sanei also improved the paper. Samples from the C. Bryan No. 8 core of the Little Bull Creek coal mine were donated by Susan Tewalt. Christopher Garrity of USGS assisted with the drafting of Fig. 1. NR 67 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JAN 31 PY 2009 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 294 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.006 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 408FZ UT WOS:000263422200008 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Hines, ME AF Gray, John E. Hines, Mark E. TI Biogeochemical mercury methylation influenced by reservoir eutrophication, Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir, Idaho, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury methylation; Methylmercury; Reservoir sediment; Porewater; Eutrophic ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA; GULF-OF-TRIESTE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYLMERCURY; WATER; SEDIMENTS; FISH AB Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir (SFCR) in southern Idaho has been under a mercury (Hg) advisory since 2001 as fish in this reservoir contain elevated concentrations of Hg. Concentrations of total Hg (Hg(T)) and methyl-Hg (MeHg) were measured in reservoir water, bottom sediment, and porewater to examine processes of Hg methylation at the sediment/water interface in this reservoir. Rates of Hg methylation and MeHg demethylation were also measured in reservoir bottom sediment using isotopic tracer techniques to further evaluate methylation of Hg in SFCR. The highest concentrations for HgT and MeHg in sediment were generally found at the sediment/water interface, and HgT and MeHg concentrations declined with depth. Porewater extracted from bottom sediment contained highly elevated concentrations of HgT ranging from 11-230 ng/L and MeHg ranging from 0.68-8.5 ng/L Mercury methylation was active at all sites studied. Methylation rate experiments carried out on sediment from the sediment/water interface show high rates of Hg methylation ranging from 2.3-17%/day, which is significantly higher than those reported in other Hg contaminant studies. Using porewater MeHg concentrations, we calculated an upward diffusive MeHg flux of 197 g/year for the entire reservoir. This sediment derived MeHg is delivered to the overlying SFCR water column, and eventually transferred to biota, such as fish. This study indicates that methylation of Hg is highly influenced by the hypolimnetic and eutrophic conditions in SFCR. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gray, John E.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Hines, Mark E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. We would like to thank Brenda Lasorsa at Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sequin Washington, for analysis of mercury and methylmercury in sediment and porewater samples, and Isaac Adatto of the University of Massachusetts Lowell for assisting with Hg-transformation assays. We also thank W. Ian Ridley and David B. Smith (U.S. Geological Survey) and anonymous reviewers for Chemical Geology for constructive comments that helped to improve the paper. NR 63 TC 32 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 3-4 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.023 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 407YN UT WOS:000263400300005 ER PT J AU Long, AJ AF Long, Andrew J. TI Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Karst hydrology; Rainfall-runoff modeling; Hydrograph separation; Convolution; Lumped parameter modeling; Ground water ID RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; BLACK-HILLS; AQUIFER; CATCHMENTS; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; CAVE AB Highly parameterized, physically based models may be no more effective at simulating the relations between rainfall and outflow from karst watersheds than are simpler models. Here an antecedent rainfall and convolution model was used to separate a karst watershed hydrograph into two outflow components: one originating from focused recharge in conduits and one originating from slow flow in a porous annex system. In convolution, parameters of a complex system are lumped together in the impulse-response function (IRF), which describes the response of the system to an impulse of effective precipitation. Two parametric functions in superposition approximate the two-domain IRF. The outflow hydrograph can be separated into flow components by forward modeling with isolated IRF components, which provides an objective criterion for separation. As an example, the model was applied to a karst watershed in the Madison aquifer, South Dakota. USA. Simulation results indicate that this watershed is characterized by a flashy response to storms, with a peak response time of 1 day, but that 89% of the flow results from the slow-flow domain, with a peak response time of more than 1 year. This long response time may be the result of perched areas that store water above the main water table. Simulation results indicated that some aspects of the system are stationary but that nonlinearities also exist. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Long, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ajlong@usgs.gov RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008 OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 364 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 402KD UT WOS:000263011700006 ER PT J AU Bratton, JF Bohlke, JK Krantz, DE Tobias, CR AF Bratton, John F. Boehlke, John Karl Krantz, David E. Tobias, Craig R. TI Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Submarine groundwater; Nutrients; Isotopes; Drilling; Estuary; Chincoteague Bay ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; COASTAL ZONE; PORE-WATER; DISCHARGE; NITROGEN; MARINE; SOLUBILITY; SEAWATER; INPUTS; DIAGENESIS AB To better understand large-scale interactions between fresh and saline groundwater beneath an Atlantic coastal estuary, an offshore drilling and sampling study was performed in a large barrier-bounded lagoon, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA. Groundwater that was significantly fresher than overlying bay water was found in shallow plumes up to 8 m thick extending more than 1700 m offshore. Groundwater saltier than bay surface water was found locally beneath the lagoon and the barrier island, indicating recharge by saline water concentrated by evaporation prior to infiltration. Steep salinity and nutrient gradients occur within a few meters of the sediment surface in most locations studied, with buried peats and estuarine muds acting as confining units. Groundwater ages were generally more than 50 years in both fresh and brackish waters as deep as 23 m below the bay bottom. Water chemistry and isotopic data indicate that freshened plumes beneath the estuary are mixtures of water originally recharged on land and varying amounts of estuarine surface water that circulated through the bay floor, possibly at some distance from the sampling location. Ammonium is the dominant fixed nitrogen species in saline groundwater beneath the estuary at the locations sampled. Isotopic and dissolved-gas data from one location indicate that denitrification within the subsurface flow system removed terrestrial nitrate from fresh groundwater prior to discharge along the western side of the estuary. Similar situations, with one or more shallow semi-confined flow systems where groundwater geochemistry is strongly influenced by circulation of surface estuary water through organicrich sediments, may be common on the Atlantic margin and elsewhere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bratton, John F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Boehlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Krantz, David E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Tobias, Craig R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Bratton, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 34 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jbratton@usgs.gov OI Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 FU USGS FX Field assistance was provided by B. Sturgis (NPS-Assateague Island National Seashore); S. Kelsey and D. Kooprnans (USGS-Woods Hole/ ETI, Inc.); A. Norton (University of Toledo); and J. Earle (USGS-WRDDenver). M. Stawas and K. Plowman of Hillis-Carnes Engineering, Inc. operated the drilling rig, The drilling barge and tug were provided by D. Sharp of Hi-Ticle Marine Construction, and operated by T. Gargliano. NUtdent analyses were done by K. Savidge (Univ. of Delaware). 3 H-'He analyses were done Under contract by Larnont-Doherty Earth observatory, with assistance from B. Turrin. Other gases and isotopes were analyzed at USGS by R Widman, G. Cas1IIeJ Wayland,j. Hannon, S. Mroczowski, H. Qi, R.L. Michel, and others. Symbols used in Fig. 9 were courtesy of tile Integration and Application Network(ian.urnces. edu/symbols/), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Primary funding was provided by USGS (Coastal and Marine Geology Program and National Research Program in Water Resources) with additional material Support from the National Park Service (C. Zimmerman) and tile University of Toledo. J. CrUSius, K. Kroeger, and several anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on drafts of this manuscript. Any Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 425QO UT WOS:000264652400008 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Stolz, JF Madigan, M Hollibaugh, JT Kulp, TR Hoeft, SE Fisher, J Miller, LG Culbertson, CW Asao, M AF Oremland, R. S. Stolz, J. F. Madigan, M. Hollibaugh, J. T. Kulp, T. R. Hoeft, S. E. Fisher, J. Miller, L. G. Culbertson, C. W. Asao, M. TI Response to Comment on "Arsenic(III) Fuels Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Hot Spring Biofilms from Mono Lake, California" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID METABOLISM C1 [Oremland, R. S.; Kulp, T. R.; Hoeft, S. E.; Miller, L. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stolz, J. F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. [Madigan, M.; Asao, M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Microbiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Hollibaugh, J. T.; Fisher, J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Culbertson, C. W.] USGS Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 30 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5914 DI 10.1126/science.1166435 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 400JB UT WOS:000262862800022 ER PT J AU Tyler, SW Selker, JS Hausner, MB Hatch, CE Torgersen, T Thodal, CE Schladow, SG AF Tyler, Scott W. Selker, John S. Hausner, Mark B. Hatch, Christine E. Torgersen, Thomas Thodal, Carl E. Schladow, S. Geoffrey TI Environmental temperature sensing using Raman spectra DTS fiber-optic methods SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Raman spectra distributed temperature sensing (DTS) by fiber-optic cables has recently shown considerable promise for the measuring and monitoring of surface and near-surface hydrologic processes such as groundwater-surface water interaction, borehole circulation, snow hydrology, soil moisture studies, and land surface energy exchanges. DTS systems uniquely provide the opportunity to monitor water, air, and media temperatures in a variety of systems at much higher spatial and temporal frequencies than any previous measurement method. As these instruments were originally designed for fire and pipeline monitoring, their extension to the typical conditions encountered by hydrologists requires a working knowledge of the theory of operation, limitations, and system accuracies, as well as the practical aspects of designing either short- or long-term experiments in remote or challenging terrain. This work focuses on providing the hydrologic user with sufficient knowledge and specifications to allow sound decisions on the application and deployment of DTS systems. C1 [Tyler, Scott W.; Hatch, Christine E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hausner, Mark B.] Univ Nevada, Grad Program Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Selker, John S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thodal, Carl E.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. [Torgersen, Thomas] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Tyler, SW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM styler@unr.edu; selkerj@engr.orst.edu; hausnerm@unr.edu; chatch@unr.edu; thomas.torgersen@uconn.edu; cethodal@usgs.gov; gschladow@ucdavis.edu RI Hausner, Mark/G-8356-2012; OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation [06FC204044] FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to Randy Tanner and Bernd Nebendahl from Agilent Technologies, Mahmoud Farhadiroushan from Sensornet, Ltd., and Paul McPhail from SensorTran, Inc., for participating in and donating their time toward DTS field trials conducted at Lake Tahoe, California, in June 2007 and their continued interest in this research. Their enthusiasm, participation, and knowledge have greatly benefited the hydrologic community and the future of temperature sensing in the environment. The field trials were greatly aided by the volunteer support of students and staff from the University of Nevada, Reno; Oregon State University; UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center; the U. S. Geological Survey; the Nevada Tahoe Conservation District; and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The work was partially supported by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation agreement 06FC204044. The authors also appreciate the valuable and insightful comments by Fred Day-Lewis, Associate Editor, and reviewers Andrew Binley, James Constantz, and Kamini Singha. NR 14 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W00D23 DI 10.1029/2008WR007052 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 402AD UT WOS:000262985100001 ER PT J AU Custodio, S Page, MT Archuleta, RJ AF Custodio, Susana Page, Morgan T. Archuleta, Ralph J. TI Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 2. A two-step approach to combine seismic and geodetic data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID IMPERIAL-VALLEY EARTHQUAKE; 2004 PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE; STRONG-MOTION DATA; 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; 3-DIMENSIONAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; DYNAMIC RUPTURE MODELS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1984 MORGAN-HILL; HECTOR MINE; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AB We present a new method to combine static and wavefield data to image earthquake ruptures. Our combined inversion is a two-step procedure, following the work of Hernandez et al. (1999), and takes into account the differences between the resolutions of the two data sets. The first step consists of an inversion of the static field, which yields a map of slip amplitude. This inversion exploits a special irregular grid that takes into account the resolution of the static data. The second step is an inversion of the radiated wavefield; it results in the determination of the time evolution of slip on the fault. In the second step, the slip amplitude is constrained to resemble the static slip amplitude map inferred from the GPS inversion. Using this combined inversion, we study the source process of the 2004 M6 Parkfield, California, earthquake. We conclude that slip occurred in two main regions of the fault, each of which displayed distinct rupture behaviors. Slip initiated at the hypocenter with a very strong bilateral burst of energy. Here, slip was localized in a narrow area approximately 10 km long, the rupture velocity was very fast (>= 3.5 km/s), and slip only lasted a short period of time (<1 s). Then the rupture proceeded to a wider region 12-20 km northwest of the hypocenter. Here, the earthquake developed in a more moderated way: the rupture velocity slowed to similar to 3.0 km/s and slip lasted longer (1-2 s). The maximum slip amplitude was 0.45 m. C1 [Page, Morgan T.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Custodio, Susana; Archuleta, Ralph J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Page, Morgan T.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Archuleta, Ralph J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Custodio, S (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Ctr Geofis, Ave Dr Dias da Silva, P-3000134 Coimbra, Portugal. EM susanacustodio@dct.uc.pt; pagem@caltech.edu; ralph@crustal.ucsb.edu RI Custodio, Susana/K-7598-2012 OI Custodio, Susana/0000-0001-7457-4179 FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/14353/2003]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0512000, EAR-0529922, DMR-0606092, EAR-0106924]; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); James S. McDonnell Foundation [21002070]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; USGS [06HQGR0046, 02HQAG0008] FX We thank the California Geological Survey (CGS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the strong motion data used in this study. Kristine M. Larson, Kyuhong Choi, and Andria Bilich (EAR-0337206) kindly provided us the processed GPS waveforms. We are very grateful to Shuo Ma for computing the static stress drop associated with our kinematic model and for thoughtful comments and discussions. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for their comments on our initial manuscript. S.C. is the recipient of a Ph.D. fellowship (SFRH/BD/14353/2003) from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. M.T.P. acknowledges the support of a LEAPS fellowship as part of an NSF GK-12 grant to UCSB. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0512000, EAR-0529922, and DMR-0606092), by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), by the James S. McDonnell Foundation (grant 21002070), by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and by the USGS NEHRP grant 06HQGR0046. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution 1125 and ICS contribution 0811. NR 75 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B01315 DI 10.1029/2008JB005746 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 401ZQ UT WOS:000262983500004 ER PT J AU Page, MT Custodio, S Archuleta, RJ Carlson, JM AF Page, Morgan T. Custodio, Susana Archuleta, Ralph J. Carlson, J. M. TI Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 1. Resolution-based removal of artifacts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 2004 PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE; 3-DIMENSIONAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; FINITE FAULT; RUPTURE HISTORY; COSEISMIC SLIP; GROUND MOTION; GEODETIC DATA; CALIFORNIA AB We present a resolution analysis of an inversion of GPS data from the 2004 M-w 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. This earthquake was recorded at thirteen 1-Hz GPS receivers, which provides for a truly coseismic data set that can be used to infer the static slip field. We find that the resolution of our inverted slip model is poor at depth and near the edges of the modeled fault plane that are far from GPS receivers. The spatial heterogeneity of the model resolution in the static field inversion leads to artifacts in poorly resolved areas of the fault plane. These artifacts look qualitatively similar to asperities commonly seen in the final slip models of earthquake source inversions, but in this inversion they are caused by a surplus of free parameters. The location of the artifacts depends on the station geometry and the assumed velocity structure. We demonstrate that a nonuniform gridding of model parameters on the fault can remove these artifacts from the inversion. We generate a nonuniform grid with a grid spacing that matches the local resolution length on the fault and show that it outperforms uniform grids, which either generate spurious structure in poorly resolved regions or lose recoverable information in well-resolved areas of the fault. In a synthetic test, the nonuniform grid correctly averages slip in poorly resolved areas of the fault while recovering small-scale structure near the surface. Finally, we present an inversion of the Parkfield GPS data set on the nonuniform grid and analyze the errors in the final model. C1 [Page, Morgan T.; Carlson, J. M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Custodio, Susana; Archuleta, Ralph J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Archuleta, Ralph J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Page, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM pagem@caltech.edu; susanacustodio@dct.uc.pt; ralph@crustal.ucsb.edu; carlson@physics.ucsb.edu RI Custodio, Susana/K-7598-2012 OI Custodio, Susana/0000-0001-7457-4179 FU James S. McDonnell Foundation [21002070]; NSF [DMR-0606092]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; USGS [06HQGR0046, 02HQAG0008]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology); National Science Foundation [EAR-0512000, EAR-0106924]; Southern California Earthquake Center FX We would like to thank Peng-Cheng Liu for use of his Green's function and kinematic inversion code. M.T.P. acknowledges the support of a LEAPS fellowship as part of an NSF GK-12 grant to UCSB. In addition, this work was supported by the James S. McDonnell Foundation (grant 21002070), NSF grant DMR-0606092, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and USGS NEHRP grant 06HQGR0046. S. Custodio acknowledges a Ph.D. fellowship from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology). This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation EAR-0512000. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution 1127 and ICS contribution 0812. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B01314 DI 10.1029/2007JB005449 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 401ZQ UT WOS:000262983500002 ER PT J AU Miller, DN Smith, RL AF Miller, Daniel N. Smith, Richard L. TI Microbial characterization of nitrification in a shallow, nitrogen-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts and detection of a novel cluster associated with nitrifying Betaproteobacteria SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Nitrification; PCR; Ammonium; Nitrate ID AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; CLASS PROTEOBACTERIA; BETA-SUBDIVISION; FRESH-WATER; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; TREATMENT PLANTS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER AB Groundwater nitrification is a poorly characterized process affecting the speciation and transport of nitrogen. Cores from two sites in a plume of contamination were examined using culture-based and molecular techniques targeting nitrification processes. The first site, located beneath a sewage effluent infiltration bed, received treated effluent containing O-2 (>300 mu M) and NH4+ (51-800 mu M). The second site was 2.5 km down-gradient near the leading edge of the ammonium zone within the contaminant plume and featured vertical gradients of O-2, NH4+, and NO3- (0-300, 0-500, and 100-200 mu M with depth, respectively). Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers enumerated by the culture-based MPN method were low in abundance at both sites (1.8 to 350 g(-1) and 33 to 35,000 g(-1), respectively). Potential nitrifying activity measured in core material in the laboratory was also very low, requiring several weeks for products to accumulate. Molecular analysis of aquifer DNA (nested PCR followed by cloning and 16S rDNA sequencing) detected primarily sequences associated with the Nitrosospira genus throughout the cores at the down-gradient site and a smaller proportion from the Nitrosomonas genus in the deeper anoxic, NH4+ zone at the down-gradient site. Only a single Nitrosospira sequence was detected beneath the infiltration bed. Furthermore, the majority of Nitrosospira-associated sequences represent an unrecognized cluster. We conclude that an uncharacterized group associated with Nitrosospira dominate at the geochemically stable, down-gradient site, but found little evidence for Betaproteobacteria nitrifiers beneath the infiltration beds where geochemical conditions were more variable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miller, Daniel N.; Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Miller, DN (reprint author), USDA, 104 Chase Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dan.miller@ars.usda.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X FU USDA [95-37101-1713]; National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship FX We would like to thank Denis LeBlanc, coordinator for the Cape Cod site, and Kathy Hess, Tim McCobb, Deborah Repert, Brigid Kumler, and Tom Peacock for technical support. We would also like to thank Bess Ward for generously providing nitrifier control strains. This work was supported in part by USDA grant #95-37101-1713 and a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. The use of trade or product names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 26 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.10.011 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 402JD UT WOS:000263009100010 PM 19059672 ER PT J AU Carpenter, RE Korzan, WJ Bockholt, C Watt, MJ Forster, GL Renner, KJ Summers, CH AF Carpenter, R. E. Korzan, W. J. Bockholt, C. Watt, M. J. Forster, G. L. Renner, K. J. Summers, C. H. TI CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR INFLUENCES AGGRESSION AND MONOAMINES: MODULATION OF ATTACKS AND RETREATS SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; aggression; CRF; cortisol; 5-HT; dopamine. ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BRAIN SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY; DOMINANT-SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIPS; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; LIZARD ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ARCTIC-CHARR; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE AB Salmonids establish social hierarchies as a result of aggressive social interactions. The establishment of dominant or subordinate status is strongly linked to neuroendocrine responses mediated through the stress axis. In this study, we tested the effects of introcerebroventricular (icv) corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on the behavioral outcome, plasma cortisol and monoamine function in trout subjected to a socially aggressive encounter. Rainbow trout were treated with an icv injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), 500 or 2000 ng ovine CRF, or not injected. Fish were allowed to interact with a similarly sized conspecific for 15 min. Following the behavioral interaction, plasma cortisol and central monoamine concentrations were analyzed. Trout treated with CRF were victorious in approximately 66% of the aggressive encounters against aCSF-treated opponents. Trout injected with CRF exhibited a reduction in the total number of attacks and decreased latency to attack. When trout were divided into winners and losers, only victorious CRF-treated fish exhibited a reduced latency to attack and fewer retreats. Social stress increased cortisol levels in both winners and losers of aggressive interaction. This effect was enhanced with the additional stress incurred from icv injection of aCSF. However, icv CRF in addition to social stress decreased plasma cortisol in both winners and losers. While aggression stimulated significant changes in serotonergic and dopaminergic activity, the magnitude and direction were dependent on limbic brain region, CRF dose, and outcome of social aggression. With broad effects on aggressive behavior, anxiety, stress responsiveness, and central monoaminergic activity, CRF plays an important role in modulating the behavioral components of social interaction. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carpenter, R. E.; Renner, K. J.; Summers, C. H.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Carpenter, R. E.; Watt, M. J.; Forster, G. L.; Renner, K. J.; Summers, C. H.] Univ S Dakota, Neurosci Grp, Div Basic Biomed Sci, Sanford Sch Med, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Korzan, W. J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Cell Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bockholt, C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gavins Point Natl Fish Hatchery, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Summers, CH (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Cliff@USD.edu FU NIH [P20 RR15567]; South Dakota Board of Regents Fellowship FX We would like to thank the Gavin's Point National Fish Hatchery in Yankton, South Dakota for their gracious donation of fish, time and effort, without which this experiment would not have been possible. This work was supported by NIH Grant P20 RR15567, and a South Dakota Board of Regents Fellowship (to R.EC.). NR 72 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 EI 1873-7544 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PD JAN 23 PY 2009 VL 158 IS 2 BP 412 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.014 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 401RP UT WOS:000262959900006 PM 18992791 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Byrne, JC Daniels, LD Franklin, JF Fule, PZ Harmon, ME Larson, AJ Smith, JM Taylor, AH Veblen, TT AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Stephenson, Nathan L. Byrne, John C. Daniels, Lori D. Franklin, Jerry F. Fule, Peter Z. Harmon, Mark E. Larson, Andrew J. Smith, Jeremy M. Taylor, Alan H. Veblen, Thomas T. TI Widespread Increase of Tree Mortality Rates in the Western United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; LONG-TERM; FOREST; DROUGHT; GROWTH; DISTURBANCES; RESTORATION; DYNAMICS; FIRE AB Persistent changes in tree mortality rates can alter forest structure, composition, and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. Our analyses of longitudinal data from unmanaged old forests in the western United States showed that background ( noncatastrophic) mortality rates have increased rapidly in recent decades, with doubling periods ranging from 17 to 29 years among regions. Increases were also pervasive across elevations, tree sizes, dominant genera, and past fire histories. Forest density and basal area declined slightly, which suggests that increasing mortality was not caused by endogenous increases in competition. Because mortality increased in small trees, the overall increase in mortality rates cannot be attributed solely to aging of large trees. Regional warming and consequent increases in water deficits are likely contributors to the increases in tree mortality rates. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Stephenson, Nathan L.] Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Byrne, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Daniels, Lori D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Franklin, Jerry F.; Larson, Andrew J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Harmon, Mark E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Smith, Jeremy M.; Veblen, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Taylor, Alan H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov; nstephenson@usgs.gov FU NSF's Long-term Studies Program [DEB-0218088]; Wind River Canopy Crane Program [PNW 08-DG- 11261952488]; USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest; Pacific Southwest; Rocky Mountain research stations; McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program; NSF [DEB-0743498, BCS-0825823]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many people involved in establishing and maintaining the permanent forest plots; C. Allen, A. Das, J. Halofsky, J. Hicke, J. Lutz, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript; and J. Yee for essential statistical advice. The forest plots were funded by NSF's Long- term Studies Program (DEB- 0218088); the Wind River Canopy Crane Program through cooperative agreement PNW 08-DG- 11261952488 with the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; various awards through the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, and Rocky Mountain research stations and the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program; NSF awards DEB- 0743498 and BCS- 0825823; the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; various awards through the U.S. National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This work is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative (a USGS global change research project) and the Cordillera Forest Dynamics Network (CORFOR). NR 24 TC 626 Z9 640 U1 28 U2 304 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 23 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5913 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1126/science.1165000 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 396JL UT WOS:000262587900047 PM 19164752 ER PT J AU Rogers, C AF Rogers, Caroline TI Coral bleaching and disease should not be underestimated as causes of Caribbean coral reef decline SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID US VIRGIN-ISLANDS C1 US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Rogers, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St John, VI 00830 USA. EM caroline_rogers@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 22 PY 2009 VL 276 IS 1655 BP 197 EP 198 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0606 PG 2 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 388FH UT WOS:000262005200001 PM 18842548 ER PT J AU Wellman, TP Shapiro, AM Hill, MC AF Wellman, Tristan P. Shapiro, Allen M. Hill, Mary C. TI Effects of simplifying fracture network representation on inert chemical migration in fracture-controlled aquifers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FAULT ZONE ARCHITECTURE; CRYSTALLINE-ROCK; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; TRACER TRANSPORT; FLUID-FLOW; MACROSCOPIC DISPERSION; DISCONTINUITY SPACINGS; LENGTH; MEDIA AB While it is widely recognized that highly permeable 'large-scale' fractures dominate chemical migration in many fractured aquifers, recent studies suggest that the pervasive 'small-scale' fracturing once considered of less significance can be equally important for characterizing the spatial extent and residence time associated with transport processes. A detailed examination of chemical migration through fracture-controlled aquifers is used to advance this conceptual understanding. The influence of fracture structure is evaluated by quantifying the effects to transport caused by a systematic removal of fractures from three-dimensional discrete fracture models whose attributes are derived from geologic and hydrologic conditions at multiple field sites. Results indicate that the effects to transport caused by network simplification are sensitive to the fracture network characteristics, degree of network simplification, and plume travel distance, but primarily in an indirect sense since correlation to individual attributes is limited. Transport processes can be 'enhanced' or 'restricted' from network simplification meaning that the elimination of fractures may increase or decrease mass migration, mean travel time, dispersion, and tailing of the concentration plume. The results demonstrate why, for instance, chemical migration may not follow the classic advection-dispersion equation where dispersion approximates the effect of the ignored geologic structure as a strictly additive process to the mean flow. The analyses further reveal that the prediction error caused by fracture network simplification is reduced by at least 50% using the median estimate from an ensemble of simplified fracture network models, and that the error from network simplification is at least 70% less than the stochastic variability from multiple realizations. C1 [Wellman, Tristan P.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Shapiro, Allen M.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM twellman@usgs.gov; ashapiro@usgs.gov; mchill@usgs.gov NR 93 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 22 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W01416 DI 10.1029/2008WR007025 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 398UB UT WOS:000262755900002 ER PT J AU Godt, JW Baum, RL Lu, N AF Godt, Jonathan W. Baum, Rex L. Lu, Ning TI Landsliding in partially saturated materials SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL; STABILITY; COHESION; SLOPES AB Rainfall-induced landslides are pervasive in hillslope environments around the world and among the most costly and deadly natural hazards. However, capturing their occurrence with scientific instrumentation in a natural setting is extremely rare. The prevailing thinking on landslide initiation, particularly for those landslides that occur under intense precipitation, is that the failure surface is saturated and has positive pore-water pressures acting on it. Most analytic methods used for landslide hazard assessment are based on the above perception and assume that the failure surface is located beneath a water table. By monitoring the pore water and soil suction response to rainfall, we observed shallow landslide occurrence under partially saturated conditions for the first time in a natural setting. We show that the partially saturated shallow landslide at this site is predictable using measured soil suction and water content and a novel unified effective stress concept for partially saturated earth materials. Citation: Godt, J. W., R. L. Baum, and N. Lu ( 2009), Landsliding in partially saturated materials, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02403, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035996. C1 [Godt, Jonathan W.; Baum, Rex L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lu, Ning] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Godt, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgodt@usgs.gov; baum@usgs.gov; ninglu@mines.edu OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 NR 37 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L02403 DI 10.1029/2008GL035996 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 398QS UT WOS:000262747200002 ER PT J AU McCroy, PA Wislon, DS AF McCroy, Patricia A. Wislon, Douglas S. TI Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab window volcanism Preface SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [McCroy, Patricia A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wislon, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP McCroy, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pmccrory@usgs.gov; dwilson@geol.ucsb.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 464 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.10.017 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 405KA UT WOS:000263220500001 ER PT J AU McCrory, PA Wilson, DS AF McCrory, Patricia A. Wilson, Douglas S. TI Introduction to Special Issue on: Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab-window volcanism SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Slab window; Volcanism; Heat flow; Plate kinematics; Plate boundaries; Triple junctions ID BENEATH COASTAL CALIFORNIA; SAN-ANDREAS TRANSFORM; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CENOZOIC VOLCANISM; ASTHENOSPHERIC WINDOW; WESTERN CALIFORNIA; MIOCENE VOLCANISM; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; RIDGE SUBDUCTION; TRIPLE JUNCTIONS C1 [McCrory, Patricia A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wilson, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP McCrory, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pmccrory@usgs.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 62 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 464 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.03.015 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 405KA UT WOS:000263220500002 ER PT J AU McCrory, PA Wilson, DS Stanley, RG AF McCrory, Patricia A. Wilson, Douglas S. Stanley, Richard G. TI Continuing evolution of the Pacific-Juan de Fuca-North America slab window system-A trench-ridge-transform example from the Pacific Rim SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 11-15, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA DE Slab windows; Plate kinematics; San Andreas fault; Forearc volcanism; Microplate capture; Plastic deformation ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; SOUTHERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; ASTHENOSPHERIC WINDOW; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; CENOZOIC TECTONISM AB Many subduction margins that rim the Pacific Ocean contain complex records of Cenozoic slab-window volcanism combined with tectonic disruption of the continental margin. The series of slab windows that opened beneath California and Mexico starting about 28.5 Ma resulted from the death of a series of spreading ridge segments and led to piecewise destruction of a subduction regime. The timing and areal extent of the resultant slab-window volcanism provide constraints on models that depict the subsequent fragmentation and dispersal of the overlying continental margin. The initial Pioneer slab window thermally weakened the overlying western Transverse Ranges and California Borderlands region starting about 28.5 Ma. A second thermal pulse occurred in the same region starting about 19 Ma during growth of the Monterey slab window. This additional heating, combined with the capture of a partially subducted Monterey plate fragment by the Cocos plate, initiated the pulling apart and rotation of the adjacent continental margin. Similarly, the capture of Guadalupe and Magdalena plate fragments by the Pacific plate and initiation of the Guadalupe-Magdalena slab window about 12.5 Ma are coeval with Baja California pulling away from the Mexico continental margin, with the break along the Comondu arc, in crust already thermally weakened by about 10 My of volcanism. In coastal California, distributed crustal extension and subsidence accompanied the new transform plate boundary, and continued until the slab windows cooled and plate motion coalesced along a through-going system of strike-slip faults. The transform boundary continues to evolve, and forward modeling predicts an instability with the current configuration as a result of convergence between the Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges batholiths, starting about 2 My in the future. The instability may be resolved by a shift in the locus of transform motion from the San Andreas fault to the eastern California shear zone, or by breaking off another fragment of the Mojave or southern Sierra Nevada crustal blocks and translating it northward. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McCrory, Patricia A.; Stanley, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wilson, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP McCrory, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pmccrory@usgs.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 86 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 464 IS 1-4 BP 30 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.01.018 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 405KA UT WOS:000263220500005 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Haeussler, PJ Bradley, DC Farris, DW Foley, NK Wandless, GA AF Ayuso, Robert A. Haeussler, Peter J. Bradley, Dwight C. Farris, David W. Foley, Nora K. Wandless, Gregory A. TI The role of ridge subduction in determining the geochemistry and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic evolution of the Kodiak batholith in southern Alaska SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 11-15, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA DE Kodiak batholith; Alaska; Geochemistry; Radiogenic isotopes; Origin; Ridge subduction; Slab window ID METAMORPHIC COMPLEX; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; CHUGACH-MOUNTAINS; AGE CONSTRAINTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SILICIC MAGMAS; VOLCANIC ARC; SLATE BELT; FORE-ARC; MANTLE AB The Paleocene Kodiak batholith, part of the Sanak-Baranof belt of Tertiary near-trench intrusive rocks, forms an elongate body (similar to 150 km long) that transects Kodiak Island from SW to NE. The batholith consists of three zones (Southern, Central, and Northern) of kyanite-, muscovite-. and garnet-bearing biotite tonalite and granodiorite and less abundant granite that intruded an accretionary prism (Kodiak Formation, and Ghost Rocks Formation). Small and likely coeval bodies (Northern, Western, and Eastern satellite groups) of quartz gabbro, diorite, tonalite, granodiorite, and leucogranite flank the batholith. The batholith is calc-alkalic, has an aluminum saturation index of >1.1, FeOt/(FeOt+MgO) -0.65 (at SiO2=65 wt.%), and increases in SiO2 (-61 wt.%-73 wt.%) and decreases in TiO2 (similar to 0-9 wt.%-0.3 wt.%) from SW to NE. As a group, the granitic rocks have light REE-enriched chondrite-normalized patterns with small or no negative Eu anomalies, primitive mantle-normalized negative anomalies for Nb and Ti, and positive anomalies for Pb. Small to large negative anomalies for Th are also distinctive. The quartz gabbros and diorites are generally characterized by generally flat to light REE chondrite-normalized patterns (no Eu anomalies), and mantle-normalized negative anomalies for Nb, Ti, and R Pb isotopic compositions (Pb-206/Pb-204=18.850-18.960; Pb-207/Pb-204=15.575-15.694; Pb-208/Pb-204=38.350-39.039) are intermediate between depleted mantle and average continental Crust. The Southern zone and a portion of the Central zone are characterized by negative epsilon(Nd) values of -3.7 to -0.3 and T-DM ages ranging from -838 Ma to 1011 Ma. Other granitic rocks from the Central and Northern zones have higher epsilon(Nd) values of -0.4 to +4.7 and younger T-DM ages of -450 to 797 Ma. Granitic and mafic plutons from the Eastern satellites show a wide range of epsilon(Nd) values of -2.7 to +6.4, and T-DM ages from 204 Ma to 2124 Ma. Sr-87/Sr-86 values of the Southern and Central zones overlap and tend to be slightly more radiogenic (Sr-87/Sr-86>0.70426) than the Northern zone (Sr-87/Sr-86<0.70472). Pb-206/Pb-204 values increase slightly from the Southern and Central zones toward the Northern zone. There is no clear correlation of the major or trace elements with epsilon(Nd), Pb or Sr isotopic values. Kodiak Formation and the Ghost Rocks Formation overlap the isotopic compositions (e.g., Pb-206/Pb-204 = 18.978 to 19.165, Sr-87/Sr-86 of 0.705715 to 0.707118, and epsilon(Nd) of -6.7 to -1.5 at 59 Ma) and T-DM values (959 to 1489 Ma) of the batholith. Production of large volumes of granitic rocks in the Sanak-Baranof belt, and particularly on Kodiak Island, reflects a sequence of processes that includes underplating of mantle-derived mafic (possibly from the mantle wedge) and intermediate rocks under the accretionary flysch, interlayering of mantle-derived and flyschoid rocks, and partial melting of the mixed lithologic assemblages. Limited degrees of fractional crystallization or assimilation and fractional crystallization influenced compositions of the granitic rocks. The contribution of mantle-derived rocks that resided in the accretionary prism for only a short period of time prior to partial melting likely exceeds 4% (up to 80%). The balance (60 to 20%) is from a recently recycled crustal component represented by the Kodiak Formation. This type of progressive intracrustal melting from mixed sources controlled the geochemical character of the batholith and is most consistent with the hypothesis that the granitic rocks are associated with a slab-window produced by collision of a spreading oceanic center and a subduction zone and migration beneath the accretionary prism. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ayuso, Robert A.; Foley, Nora K.; Wandless, Gregory A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.; Bradley, Dwight C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Farris, David W.] Univ So Calif, Dept Geol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ayuso, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rayuso@usgs.gov OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 89 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JAN 20 PY 2009 VL 464 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 137 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.029 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 405KA UT WOS:000263220500012 ER PT J AU Dorts, J Richter, CA Wright-Osment, MK Ellersieck, MR Carter, BJ Tillitt, DE AF Dorts, Jennifer Richter, Catherine A. Wright-Osment, Maureen K. Ellersieck, Mark R. Carter, Barbara J. Tillitt, Donald E. TI The genomic transcriptional response of female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to an acute exposure to the androgen, 17 beta-trenbolone SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-Trenbolone; Fathead minnow; Q-PCR; Microarray ID GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; TISSUE-SPECIFIC REGULATION; CATTLE FEEDLOT EFFLUENT; REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; VITELLOGENIN GENES; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; FISH AB We investigated the genomic transcriptional response of female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to an acute (4 days) exposure to 0.1 or 1.0 mu g/L of 17 beta-trenbolone (TB), the active metabolite of an anabolic androgenic steroid used as a growth promoter in cattle and a contaminant of concern in aquatic systems. Our objectives were to investigate the gene expression profile induced by TB, define biomarkers of exposure to TB, and increase our understanding of the mechanisms of adverse effects of TB on fish reproduction. In female gonad tissue, microarray analysis using a 22 K oligonucleotide microarray (EcoArray Inc., Gainesville, FL) showed 99 significantly upregulated genes and 741 significantly downregulated genes in response to 1 mu g TB/L. In particular, hydroxysteroid (17 beta) dehydrogenase 12a (hsd17b12a), zona pellucida glycoprotein 2.2 (zp2.2), and protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 2 (pias2) were all downregulated in gonad. Q-PCR measurements in a larger sample set were consistent with the microarray results in the direction and magnitude of these changes in gene expression. However, several novel potential biomarkers were verified by Q-PCR in the same samples, but could not be validated in independent samples. In liver, Q-PCR measurements showed a significant decrease in vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) mRNA expression. In brain, cytochrome P450,family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1b (cyp19a1b, previously known as aromatase B) transcript levels were significantly reduced following TB exposure. Our study provides a candidate gene involved in mediating the action of TB, hsd17b12a, and two potential biomarkers sensitive to acute TB exposure, hepatic vtg1 and brain cyp19a1b. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richter, Catherine A.; Wright-Osment, Maureen K.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Coll Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Dorts, Jennifer] Univ Namur FUNDP, URBO, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Carter, Barbara J.] EcoArray Inc, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coll Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM CRichter@usgs.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [2R44ES011882-03A1-02]; F.R.S.-FNRS, Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgium) FX This work was supported by grant number 2R44ES011882-03A1-02 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the NIEHS, NIH. Jennifer Dorts is a PhD student at the F.R.S.-FNRS, Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgium). Diane Nicks, Mandy Annis, Marie Pope, Mike Tanner, and James Candrl provided technical assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 18 PY 2009 VL 91 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.10.002 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 402NT UT WOS:000263021100006 PM 19019464 ER PT J AU Fantle, MS Bullen, TD AF Fantle, Matthew S. Bullen, Thomas D. TI Essentials of iron, chromium, and calcium isotope analysis of natural materials by thermal ionization mass spectrometry SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual V M Gold-Schmidt Conference on Applications of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes in High-Temperature Geochemisty CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY DE Iron isotopes; Chromium isotopes; Calcium isotopes; Thermal ionization mass spectrometry; Analytical techniques; Double spike subtraction ID ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; STABLE-ISOTOPES; INTERNAL STANDARDS; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; ABUNDANCE RATIOS; ATOMIC WEIGHT; DOUBLE SPIKE; CA CYCLE; FRACTIONATION AB The use of isotopes to understand the behavior of metals in geological, hydrological, and biological systems has rapidly expanded in recent years. One of the mass spectrometric techniques used to analyze metal isotopes is thermal ionization mass spectrometry, or TIMS. While TIMS has been a useful analytical technique for the measurement of isotopic composition for decades and TIMS instruments are widely distributed, there are significant difficulties associated with using TIMS to analyze isotopes of the lighter alkaline earth elements and transition metals. Overcoming these difficulties to produce relatively long-lived and stable ion beams from microgram-sized samples is a non-trivial task. We focus here on TIMS analysis of three geologically and environmentally important elements (Fe, Cr, and Ca) and present an in-depth look at several key aspects that we feel have the greatest potential to trouble new users. Our discussion includes accessible descriptions of different analytical approaches and issues, including filament loading procedures, collector cup configurations, peak shapes and interferences, and the use of isotopic double spikes and related error estimation. Building on previous work, we present quantitative simulations, applied specifically in this study to Fe and Ca, that explore the effects of (1) time-variable evaporation of isotopically homogeneous spots from a filament and (2) interferences on the isotope ratios derived from a double spike subtraction routine. We discuss how and to what extent interferences at spike masses, as well as at other measured masses, affect the double spike-subtracted isotope ratio of interest ((44)Ca/(40)Ca in the case presented, though a similar analysis can be used to evaluate (56)Fe/(54)Fe and (53)Cr/(52)Cr). The conclusions of these Simulations are neither intuitive nor immediately obvious, making this examination useful for those who are developing new methodologies. While all simulations are carried out in the context of a specific isotope system, it should be noted that the same methods can be used to evaluate any isotope system of interest. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fantle, Matthew S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fantle, MS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 212 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mfantle@geosc.psu.edu; tdbullen@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.018 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 396NN UT WOS:000262598500006 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH AF Ganju, Neil K. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Biennial Conference on the Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas (PECS) CY SEP, 2006 CL Astoria, OR DE Sediment transport; Numerical modeling; Sediment fluxes; Geomorphic change; San Francisco Bay ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NEW-CALEDONIA; LAGOON; RIVER; PHYTOPLANKTON; CALIFORNIA; SACRAMENTO; COASTAL; DELTA AB Modeling geomorphic evolution in estuaries is necessary to model the fate of legacy contaminants in the bed sediment and the effect of climate change, watershed alterations, sea level rise, construction projects, and restoration efforts. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models used for this purpose typically are calibrated to water level, currents, and/or suspended-sediment concentrations. However, small errors in these tidal-timescale models can accumulate to cause major errors in geomorphic evolution, which may not be obvious. Here we present an intermediate step towards simulating decadal-timescale geomorphic change: calibration to estimated sediment fluxes (mass/time) at two cross-sections within an estuary. Accurate representation of sediment fluxes gives confidence in representation of sediment supply to and from the estuary during those periods. Several years of sediment flux data are available for the landward and seaward boundaries of Suisun Bay, California, the landward-most embayment of San Francisco Bay. Sediment flux observations suggest that episodic freshwater flows export sediment from Suisun Bay, while gravitational circulation during the dry season imports sediment from seaward sources. The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS), a three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic/sediment transport model, was adapted for Suisun Bay, for the purposes of hindcasting 19th and 20th century bathymetric change, and simulating geomorphic response to sea level rise and climatic variability in the 21st century. The sediment transport parameters were calibrated using the sediment flux data from 1997 (a relatively wet year) and 2004 (a relatively dry year). The remaining years of data (1998, 2002, 2003) were used for validation. The model represents the inter-annual and annual sediment flux variability, while net sediment import/export is accurately modeled for three of the five years. The use of sediment flux data for calibrating an estuarine geomorphic model guarantees that modeled geomorphic evolution will not exceed the actual supply of sediment from the watershed and seaward sources during the calibration period. Decadal trends in sediment supply (and therefore fluxes) can accumulate to alter decadal geomorphic change. Therefore, simulations of future geomorphic evolution are bolstered by this intermediate calibration step. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.; Schoellhamer, David H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.09.005 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 400RH UT WOS:000262885800012 ER PT J AU Jicha, BR Johnson, CM Hildreth, W Beard, BL Hart, GL Shirey, SB Singer, BS AF Jicha, Brian R. Johnson, Clark M. Hildreth, Wes Beard, Brian L. Hart, Garret L. Shirey, Steven B. Singer, Brad S. TI Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using U-238-Th-230 disequilibria and Os isotopes SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mount Adams; Cascade arc; U-Th isotopes; Os isotopes; assimilation ID SOUTHERN WASHINGTON CASCADES; U-SERIES DISEQUILIBRIA; MAGMA RESIDENCE TIMES; SUBDUCTION ZONE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; LOWER CRUST; ISLAND-ARC; MT-SHASTA; LAVAS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB A suite of 23 basaltic to dacitic lavas erupted over the last 350 kyr from the Mount Adams volcanic field has been analyzed for U-Th isotope compositions to evaluate the roles of mantle versus crustal components during magma genesis. All of the lavas have (Th-230/U-238) > 1 and span a large range in (Th-230/Th-232) ratios, and most basalts have higher (Th-230/Th-232) ratios than andesites and dacites. Several of the lavas contain antecrysts (crystals of pre-existing material), yet internal U-Th mineral isochrons from six of seven lavas are indistinguishable from their eruption ages. This indicates a relatively brief period of time between crystal growth and eruption for most of the phenocrysts (olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite) prior to eruption. One isochron gave a crystallization age that is similar to 20-25 ka older than its corresponding eruptive age, and is interpreted to reflect mixing of older and juvenile crystals or a protracted period of magma storage in the crust. Much of the eruptive volume since 350 ka consists of lavas that have small to moderate Th-230 excesses (2-16%). which are likely inherited from melting of a garnet-bearing intraplate ("OIB-like") mantle source. Following melt generation and subsequent migration through the upper mantle, most Mt. Adams magmas interacted with young, mafic lower crust, as indicated by Os-187/Os-188 ratios that are substantially more radiogenic than the mantle or those expected via mixing of subducted material and the mantle wedge. Moreover, Os-Th isotope variations suggest that unusually large Th-230 excesses (25-48%) and high Os-187/(OS)-O-188 ratios in some peripheral lavas reflect assimilation of small degree partial melts of pre-Quaternary basement that had residual garnet or Al-rich clinopyroxene. Despite the isotopic evidence for lower crustal assimilation, these processes are not generally recorded in the erupted phenocrysts, indicating that the crystal record of the deep-level 'cryptic' processes has been decoupled from shallow-level crystallization. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jicha, Brian R.; Johnson, Clark M.; Beard, Brian L.; Singer, Brad S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hildreth, Wes] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hart, Garret L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Shirey, Steven B.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Jicha, BR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bjicha@geology.wisc.edu RI Singer, Bradley/F-4991-2012 OI Singer, Bradley/0000-0003-3595-5168 FU NSF [EAR-9980512, EAR-0309853, -0337667, -0738007]; Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Wisconsin-Madison FX We thank Mike Clynne for providing age information for samples from the Lassen volcanic center so that initial (230Th/232Th) ratios Could be determined for the Trimble et al. data. John Hora assisted with Th isotope analyses. Calvin Miller, Simon Turner, Charlie Bacon, Jake Lowenstern, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by grants from NSF (EAR-9980512, EAR-0309853,-0337667, -0738007) and the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.035 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399PP UT WOS:000262812100005 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Burkhardt, MR Zaugg, SD Werner, SL Bossio, JP Benotti, MJ AF Kinney, Chad A. Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Burkhardt, Mark R. Zaugg, Steven D. Werner, Stephen L. Bossio, Joseph P. Benotti, Mark J. TI Response to "Comment on 'Bioaccumulation of Pharmaceuticals and Other Anthropogenic Waste Indicators in Earthworms from Agricultural Soil Amended with Biosolid or Swine Manure''' SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; WATER; EFFLUENT; CANADA C1 [Kinney, Chad A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Burkhardt, Mark R.; Zaugg, Steven D.; Werner, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Bossio, Joseph P.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Benotti, Mark J.] Rocky Mt Water Treatment Facil, So Nevada Water Author, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Kinney, CA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 545 EP 547 DI 10.1021/es802721d PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394FG UT WOS:000262430700052 ER PT J AU Blecker, SW Connolly, SC Cardon, GE Kelly, EF AF Blecker, S. W. Connolly, S. C. Cardon, G. E. Kelly, E. F. TI The role of mining and agricultural activity in creating coexisting but divergent soils, San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil formation; Irrigation; Acid mine drainage; Calcium carbonate; Mineralogy ID DESERT SOILS; IRRIGATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; GYPSUM; IMPACT; WATER; YEMEN; AREA AB Application of irrigation water, especially through flood or furrow methods can have profound impacts on soil morphological, chemical, and physical properties. Using a variety of field and laboratory techniques, we examined the impact of both acidic and alkaline irrigation water on a host of soil properties in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado. Impacts on calcium carbonate, clay content, and gypsum to a depth of 1 m are presented for 4 sites; a control, two sites exposed to acidic irrigation water, and one site exposed to alkaline irrigation water. Along with the increased water in this and ecosystem, water quality and sediment content have likely contributed to the pedologic changes observed in this system. One of the most prominent changes is the removal of carbonate within the upper meter of soil at the site with the greatest exposure to acidic irrigation water. Changes in soil structure and color, differences in clay mineralogy and rock fragment weathering, and the presence of jarosite provide further evidence of accelerated weathering along this management gradient. The sum of these changes has resulted in a shift in the soil classification and has potential implications on buffering capacity and soil productivity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blecker, S. W.; Kelly, E. F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Connolly, S. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. [Cardon, G. E.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Blecker, SW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, MS-176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM sblecker@usgs.gov RI Cardon, Grant/O-4863-2014 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX This project was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to fill data gaps in the USEPA Superfund Site Risk Assessment and Off-Site Impact Statement associated with the Summitville Gold Mine. These agencies cooperated under the authority of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) to fulfill the study objectives. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 384 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 399CM UT WOS:000262778000015 ER PT J AU Clark, MP Rupp, DE Woods, RA Tromp-van Meerveld, HJ Peters, NE Freer, JE AF Clark, M. P. Rupp, D. E. Woods, R. A. Tromp-van Meerveld, H. J. Peters, N. E. Freer, J. E. TI Consistency between hydrological models and field observations: linking processes at the hillslope scale to hydrological responses at the watershed scale SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE catchment processes; recession analysis; model conceptualization ID LAW TRANSMISSIVITY PROFILE; PANOLA MOUNTAIN; BASEFLOW RECESSION; FLOW; TOPMODEL; GEORGIA; USA; CATCHMENT; OUTFLOW; BALANCE AB The purpose of this paper is to identify simple connections between observations of hydrological processes at the hillslope scale and observations of the response of watersheds following rainfall, with a view to building a parsimonious model of catchment processes. The focus is on the well-studied Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia, USA. Recession analysis of discharoe Q shows that while the relationship between dQ/dt and Q is approximately consistent with a linear reservoir for the hillslope, there is a deviation from linearity that becomes progressively larger with increasing spatial scale. To account for these scale differences conceptual models of streamflow recession are defined at both the hillslope scale and the watershed scale, and an assessment made as to whether models at the hillslope scale can be aggregated to be consistent with models at the watershed scale. Results from this Study show that a model with parallel linear reservoirs provides the most plausible explanation (of those tested) for both the linear hillslope response to rainfall and non-linear recession behaviour observed at the watershed outlet. In this model each linear reservoir is associated with a landscape type. The parallel reservoir model is consistent with both geochemical analyses of hydrological flow paths and water balance estimates of bedrock recharge. Overall, this study demonstrates that standard approaches of using recession analysis to identify the functional form of storage-discharge relationships identify model structures that are inconsistent with field evidence, and that recession analysis at multiple spatial scales can provide useful insights into catchment behaviour. Copyright 0 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Clark, M. P.; Woods, R. A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Tromp-van Meerveld, H. J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Peters, N. E.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Freer, J. E.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. RP Clark, MP (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM mp.clark@niwa.co.nz RI Freer, Jim/C-7335-2009; van Meerveld, Ilja/C-5146-2011; Woods, Ross/C-6696-2013; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI van Meerveld, Ilja/0000-0002-7547-3270; Woods, Ross/0000-0002-5732-5979; Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 NR 42 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 39 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1002/hyp.7154 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 396OW UT WOS:000262602000011 ER PT J AU Funk, C Budde, ME AF Funk, Chris Budde, Michael E. TI Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Crop production; Yield; Early warning; Drought; Africa; Zimbabwe; Timeseries; Agricultural monitoring; Phenology ID WATER-BALANCE MODEL; VEGETATION INDEX; SOUTHERN AFRICA; FOOD SECURITY; BURKINA-FASO; TIME-SERIES; NOAA-AVHRR; YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MAIZE AB For thirty years, simple crop water balance models have been used by the early warning community to monitor agricultural drought. These models estimate and accumulate actual crop evapotranspiration, evaluating environmental conditions based on crop water requirements. Unlike seasonal rainfall totals, these models take into account the phenology of the crop, emphasizing conditions during the peak grain filling phase of crop growth. In this paper we describe an analogous metric of crop performance based on time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. A special temporal filter is used to screen for cloud contamination. Regional NDVI time series are then composited for cultivated areas, and adjusted temporally according to the timing of the rainy season. This adjustment standardizes the NDVI response vis-A-vis the expected phenological response of maize. A national time series index is then created by taking the cropped-area weighted average of the regional series. This national time series provides an effective summary of vegetation response in agricultural areas, and allows for the identification of NDVI green-up during grain filling. Onset-adjusted NDVI values following the grain filling period are well correlated with U.S. Department of Agriculture production figures, possess desirable linear characteristics, and perform better than more common indices such as maximum seasonal NDVI or seasonally averaged NDVI. Thus, just as appropriately calibrated crop water balance models can provide more information than seasonal rainfall totals, the appropriate agro-phenological filtering of NDVI can improve the utility and accuracy of space-based agricultural monitoring. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Budde, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM chris@geog.ucsb.edu NR 66 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.015 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 388AQ UT WOS:000261993100011 ER PT J AU Dinehart, SK Smith, LM McMurry, ST Anderson, TA Smith, PN Haukos, DA AF Dinehart, Simon K. Smith, Loren M. McMurry, Scott T. Anderson, Todd A. Smith, Philip N. Haukos, David A. TI Toxicity of a glufosinate- and several glyphosate-based herbicides to juvenile amphibians from the Southern High Plains, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Glufosinate; Glyphosate; Ignite; Roundup ID SPADEFOOT TOADS; PESTICIDES; METABOLITES; AMMONIUM; EXPOSURE; IMPACT; FROGS; RISK AB Pesticide toxicity is often proposed as a contributing factor to the world-wide decline of amphibian populations. We assessed acute toxicity (48 h) of a glufosinate-based herbicide (Ignite (R) 280 SL) and several glyphosate-based herbicide formulations (Roundup WeatherMAX (R), Roundup Weed and Grass Killer Super Concentrate (R), Roundup Weed and Grass Killer Ready-To-Use Plus (R)) on two species of amphibians housed on soil or moist paper towels. Survival of juvenile Great Plains toads (Bufo cognatus) and New Mexico spadefoots (Spea multiplicata) was reduced by exposure to Roundup Weed and Grass Killer Ready-To-Use Plus (R) on both substrates. Great Plains toad survival was also reduced by exposure to Roundup Weed and Grass Killer Super Concentrate (R) on paper towels. New Mexico spadefoot and Great Plains toad survival was not affected by exposure to the two agricultural herbicides (Roundup WeatherMAX (R) and Ignite (R) 280 SL) on either substrate, suggesting that these herbicides likely do not pose an immediate risk to these species under field conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Dinehart, Simon K.; Smith, Loren M.; McMurry, Scott T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Anderson, Todd A.; Smith, Philip N.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Dinehart, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM simon.dinehart@okstate.edu FU Caesar Kleberg Foundation for Wildlife Conservation FX We thank Edward Black, John Allen Jones, and Karlee Martin for their assistance with these experiments. Funding was provided by the Caesar Kleberg Foundation for Wildlife Conservation. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 3 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397KE UT WOS:000262660800008 PM 19000631 ER PT J AU Larsen, LG Harvey, JW Noe, GB Crimaldi, JP AF Larsen, Laurel G. Harvey, Judson W. Noe, Gregory B. Crimaldi, John P. TI Predicting organic floc transport dynamics in shallow aquatic ecosystems: Insights from the field, the laboratory, and numerical modeling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; ROTATING CIRCULAR FLUME; FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS; DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY; VERTICAL TRANSPORT; FRACTAL DIMENSIONS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; STEADY-STATE; MARINE SNOW; SIZE AB Transport of particulate organic material can impact watershed sediment and nutrient budgets and can alter the geomorphologic evolution of shallow aquatic environments. Prediction of organic aggregate ("floc'') transport in these environments requires knowledge of how hydraulics and biota affect the entrainment, settling, and aggregation of particles. This study evaluated the aggregation and field transport dynamics of organic floc from a low-gradient floodplain wetland with flow-parallel ridges and sloughs in the Florida Everglades. Floc dynamics were evaluated in a rotating annular flume and in situ in the field. Under present managed conditions in the Everglades, floc is not entrained by mean flows but is suspended via biological production in the water column and bioturbation. Aggregation was a significant process affecting Everglades floc at high flume flow velocities (7.0 cm s(-1)) and during recovery from high flow; disaggregation was not significant for the tested flows. During moderate flows when floc dynamics are hydrodynamically controlled, it is possible to model floc transport using a single "operative floc diameter'' that accurately predicts fluxes downstream and to the bed. In contrast, during high flows and recovery from high flows, aggregation dynamics should be simulated. When entrained by flow in open-water sloughs, Everglades floc will be transported downstream in multiple deposition and reentrainment events but will undergo net settling when transported onto ridges of emergent vegetation. We hypothesize that net transport of material from open to vegetated areas during high flows is critical for forming and maintaining distinctive topographic patterning in the Everglades and other low-gradient floodplains. C1 [Larsen, Laurel G.; Crimaldi, John P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Larsen, Laurel G.; Harvey, Judson W.; Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Larsen, LG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lglarsen@usgs.gov RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU NSF [EAR-0636079]; USGS Priority Ecosystems Studies Program; USGS National Research Program; Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; NSF graduate research fellowship; Hertz Foundation fellowship FX We thank Daniel Nowacki for field and analytical assistance and Kevin Brett for image processing work. Charlotte Fuller provided access to the flumes at the Rutgers IMCS seawater lab and generous laboratory assistance. This work was funded by NSF award EAR-0636079, the USGS Priority Ecosystems Studies Program, the USGS National Research Program, the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program, an NSF graduate research fellowship to LGL, and a Hertz Foundation fellowship to LGL. This manuscript benefited from the helpful reviews of Jeffrey King, Jonathan Nelson, Roger Wotton, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 65 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W01411 DI 10.1029/2008WR007221 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 396ZG UT WOS:000262630900002 ER PT J AU Larsen, LG Harvey, JW Crimaldi, JP AF Larsen, Laurel G. Harvey, Judson W. Crimaldi, John P. TI Morphologic and transport properties of natural organic floc SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS; BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; SETTLING VELOCITY; IN-SITU; MARINE SNOW; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; VERTICAL TRANSPORT; COHESIVE SEDIMENT AB The morphology, entrainment, and settling of suspended aggregates ("floc'') significantly impact fluxes of organic carbon, nutrients, and contaminants in aquatic environments. However, transport properties of highly organic floc remain poorly understood. In this study detrital floc was collected in the Florida Everglades from two sites with different abundances of periphyton for use in a settling column and in racetrack flume entrainment experiments. Although Everglades flocs are similar to other organic aggregates in terms of morphology and settling rates, they tend to be larger and more porous than typical mineral flocs because of biostabilization processes and relatively low prevailing shear stresses typical of wetlands. Flume experiments documented that Everglades floc was entrained at a low bed shear stress of 1.0 x 10(-2) Pa, which is considerably smaller than the typical entrainment threshold of mineral floc. Because of similarities between Everglades floc and other organic floc populations, floc transport characteristics in the Everglades typify the behavior of floc in other organic-rich shallow-water environments. Highly organic floc is more mobile than less organic floc, but because bed shear stresses in wetlands are commonly near the entrainment threshold, wetland floc dynamics are often transport-limited rather than supply limited. Organic floc transport in these environments is therefore governed by the balance between entrainment and settling fluxes, which has implications for ecosystem metabolism, materials cycling, and even landscape evolution. C1 [Larsen, Laurel G.; Crimaldi, John P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Larsen, Laurel G.; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Larsen, LG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lglarsen@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU NSF [EAR-0636079]; USGS Priority Ecosystems Studies Program; USGS National Research Program; Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Hertz Foundation Fellowship FX We thank Daniel Nowacki for field and analytical assistance, Kevin Brett for image processing work, and Gwyn Lintern for providing the FlocGUI manual tracking code. Charlotte Fuller provided access to the flumes at the Rutgers IMCS seawater lab and generous laboratory assistance. This work was funded by NSF award EAR-0636079, the USGS Priority Ecosystems Studies Program, the USGS National Research Program, the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program, an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to L. G. L., and a Hertz Foundation Fellowship to L. G. L. This manuscript benefited from the helpful reviews of Jeffrey King, Jonathan Nelson, Gregory Noe, Roger Wotton, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 81 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 14 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W01410 DI 10.1029/2008WR006990 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 396ZG UT WOS:000262630900001 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Valdes, PJ Lunt, DJ Francis, JE Sellwood, BW AF Haywood, Alan M. Dowsett, Harry J. Valdes, Paul J. Lunt, Daniel J. Francis, Jane E. Sellwood, Bruce W. TI Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Pliocene; uniformitarianism; proxies; general circulation models; climate ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; PERMANENT EL-NINO; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; SIRIUS-GROUP; WARM PERIOD; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; FOSSIL LEAVES; GROWTH RINGS AB Climate predictions produced by numerical climate models, often referred to as general circulation models (GCMs), suggest that by the end of the twenty-first century global mean annual surface air temperatures will increase by 1.1-6.4 degrees C. Trace gas records from ice cores indicate that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are already higher than at any time during the last 650 000 years. In the next 50 years, atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to reach a level not encountered since an epoch of time known as the Pliocene. Uniformitarianism is a key principle of geological science, but can the past also be a guide to the future? To what extent does an examination of the Pliocene geological record enable us to successfully understand and interpret this guide? How reliable are the 'retrodictions' of Pliocene climates produced by GCMs and what does this tell us about the accuracy of model predictions for the future? These questions provide the scientific rationale for this Theme Issue. C1 [Haywood, Alan M.; Francis, Jane E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Valdes, Paul J.; Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Sellwood, Bruce W.] Univ Reading, PRIS, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England. RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.haywood@see.leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 77 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 13 PY 2009 VL 367 IS 1886 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1098/rsta.2008.0205 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 375YW UT WOS:000261150700001 PM 18852089 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Valdes, PJ Dowsett, HJ AF Haywood, Alan M. Valdes, Paul J. Dowsett, Harry J. TI Dedication: Prof. Bruce William Sellwood (1946-2007) OBITUARY SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Valdes, Paul J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22091 USA. RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.haywood@see.leeds.ac.uk RI Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 13 PY 2009 VL 367 IS 1886 BP 19 EP 20 DI 10.1098/rsta.2008.0208 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 375YW UT WOS:000261150700002 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Chandler, MA Robinson, MM AF Dowsett, Harry J. Chandler, Mark A. Robinson, Marci M. TI Surface temperatures of the Mid-Pliocene North Atlantic Ocean: implications for future climate SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic; Pliocene; sea surface temperature; climate sensitivity ID FORAMINIFER TRANSFER-FUNCTION; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; MAGNESIUM; MG/CA; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PALEOTEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION AB The Mid-Pliocene is the most recent interval in the Earth's history to have experienced warming of the magnitude predicted for the second half of the twenty-first century and is, therefore, a possible analogue for future climate conditions. With continents basically in their current positions and atmospheric CO2 similar to early twenty-first century values, the cause of Mid-Pliocene warmth remains elusive. Understanding the behaviour of the North Atlantic Ocean during the Mid-Pliocene is integral to evaluating future climate scenarios owing to its role in deep water formation and its sensitivity to climate change. Under the framework of the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) sea surface reconstruction, we synthesize Mid-Pliocene North Atlantic studies by PRISM members and others, describing each region of the North Atlantic in terms of palaeoceanography. We then relate Mid-Pliocene sea surface conditions to expectations of future warming. The results of the data and climate model comparisons suggest that the North Atlantic is more sensitive to climate change than is suggested by climate model simulations, raising the concern that estimates of future climate change are conservative. C1 [Dowsett, Harry J.; Robinson, Marci M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chandler, Mark A.] Columbia Univ, NASA, GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program; NSF [0323516]; NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies FX Kevin Foley and Rocio Caballero provided help with various aspects of the data reduction, and Sonali Shukla, Ken Mankoff and Jeff Jonas provided simulation output. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the final version of this paper. This is a product of the US Geological Survey PRISM Project, funded by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program. Climate simulation studies were supported by the NSF Paleoclimate Program Award no. 0323516, and computing resources were provided by the climate modelling programme at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies. NR 75 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 13 PY 2009 VL 367 IS 1886 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1098/rsta.2008.0213 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 375YW UT WOS:000261150700005 PM 18852090 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM AF Dowsett, Harry J. Robinson, Marci M. TI Mid-Pliocene equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature reconstruction: a multi-proxy perspective SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Pliocene Research; Interpretation; and Synoptic Mapping; Pliocene; sea surface temperature; Pacific; El Nino ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; JOINT INVESTIGATIONS; CLIMATE; CIRCULATION; CALIBRATION; MAGNESIUM; WARMTH; GCM AB The Mid-Pliocene is the most recent interval of sustained global warmth, which can be used to examine conditions predicted for the near future. An accurate spatial representation of the low-latitude Mid-Pliocene Pacific surface ocean is necessary to understand past climate change in the light of forecasts of future change. Mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies show a strong contrast between the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) and eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) regardless of proxy (faunal, alkenone and Mg/Ca). All WEP sites show small differences from modern mean annual temperature, but all EEP sites show significant positive deviation from present-day temperatures by as much as 4.4 degrees C. Our reconstruction reflects SSTs similar to modern in the WEP, warmer than modern in the EEP and eastward extension of the WEP warm pool. The east-west equatorial Pacific SST gradient is decreased, but the pole to equator gradient does not change appreciably. We find it improbable that increased greenhouse gases (GHG) alone would cause such a heterogeneous warming and more likely that the cause of Mid-Pliocene warmth is a combination of several forcings including both increased meridional heat transport and increased GHG. C1 [Dowsett, Harry J.; Robinson, Marci M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU US Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program FX Rocio Caballero, Karine Renaud and Nancy Durika helped with sample processing and various aspects of data reduction. This paper is a direct result of intense collaboration over many years with several individuals: Dick Poore, Tom Cronin, Mark Chandler, and more recently Alan Haywood. Samples were provided by the Ocean Drilling Program. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments that greatly improved the final version of this manuscript. This is a product of the PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation, and Synoptic Mapping) Project, funded by the US Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program. NR 62 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 13 PY 2009 VL 367 IS 1886 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1098/rsta.2008.0206 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 375YW UT WOS:000261150700007 PM 18854303 ER PT J AU Thurber, C Zhang, HJ Brocher, T Langenheim, V AF Thurber, Clifford Zhang, Haijiang Brocher, Thomas Langenheim, Victoria TI Regional three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle of northern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; COMPRESSIONAL-WAVE VELOCITY; SEDIMENT-FILLED VALLEYS; CLEAR LAKE REGION; TRIPLE JUNCTION; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; TELESEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CALAVERAS FAULTS AB We present a three-dimensional (3D) tomographic model of the P wave velocity (Vp) structure of northern California. We employed a regional-scale double-difference tomography algorithm that incorporates a finite-difference travel time calculator and spatial smoothing constraints. Arrival times from earthquakes and travel times from controlled-source explosions, recorded at network and/ or temporary stations, were inverted for Vp on a 3D grid with horizontal node spacing of 10 to 20 km and vertical node spacing of 3 to 8 km. Our model provides an unprecedented, comprehensive view of the regional-scale structure of northern California, putting many previously identified features into a broader regional context and improving the resolution of a number of them and revealing a number of new features, especially in the middle and lower crust, that have never before been reported. Examples of the former include the complex subducting Gorda slab, a steep, deeply penetrating fault beneath the Sacramento River Delta, crustal low-velocity zones beneath Geysers-Clear Lake and Long Valley, and the high-velocity ophiolite body underlying the Great Valley. Examples of the latter include mid-crustal low-velocity zones beneath Mount Shasta and north of Lake Tahoe. C1 [Thurber, Clifford; Zhang, Haijiang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhang, Haijiang] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brocher, Thomas; Langenheim, Victoria] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thurber, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM thurber@geology.wisc.edu OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction; National Geologic Mapping Programs of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS); USGS, Department of the Interior; USGS award [05HQGR0067, 06HQGR0055, 07HQGR0050, 08HQGR0032] FX We gratefully acknowledge the careful and constructive reviews of David Oppenheimer and Jeanne Hardebeck and the helpful comments of the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers. Catalog picks were obtained from the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) and originated principally from the Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN), operated by the U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park; we thank Doug Neuhauser for his continuing efforts to maintain the NCEDC and David Oppenheimer and other USGS staff for maintaining the NCSN. Rufus Catchings, Christos Evangelidis, Donna Eberhart-Phillips, Art Frankel, Steve Hartzell, Will Kohler, Al Lindh, Janice Murphy, Dan O'Connell, and Tom Parsons contributed first arrival travel times and receiver and source locations for active source experiments in the study area. Several figures were generated with the GMT package [ Wessel and Smith, 1991]. This work was supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction and National Geologic Mapping Programs of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Research was supported by the USGS, Department of the Interior, under USGS award numbers 05HQGR0067, 06HQGR0055, 07HQGR0050, and 08HQGR0032 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. Government. NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 9 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B01304 DI 10.1029/2008JB005766 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 393PA UT WOS:000262384000003 ER PT J AU Blehert, DS Hicks, AC Behr, M Meteyer, CU Berlowski-Zier, BM Buckles, EL Coleman, JTH Darling, SR Gargas, A Niver, R Okoniewski, JC Rudd, RJ Stone, WB AF Blehert, David S. Hicks, Alan C. Behr, Melissa Meteyer, Carol U. Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M. Buckles, Elizabeth L. Coleman, Jeremy T. H. Darling, Scott R. Gargas, Andrea Niver, Robyn Okoniewski, Joseph C. Rudd, Robert J. Stone, Ward B. TI Bat White-Nose Syndrome: An Emerging Fungal Pathogen? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Blehert, David S.; Meteyer, Carol U.; Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Hicks, Alan C.; Okoniewski, Joseph C.; Stone, Ward B.] New York Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Behr, Melissa; Rudd, Robert J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Buckles, Elizabeth L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Coleman, Jeremy T. H.; Niver, Robyn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Darling, Scott R.] Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. [Gargas, Andrea] Symbiol Ltd Liabil Corp, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov RI Gargas, Andrea/T-1028-2016 OI Gargas, Andrea/0000-0002-6586-047X NR 6 TC 322 Z9 342 U1 38 U2 310 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 9 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5911 BP 227 EP 227 DI 10.1126/science.1163874 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 392GG UT WOS:000262290600030 PM 18974316 ER PT J AU Shelly, DR Ellsworth, WL Ryberg, T Haberland, C Fuis, GS Murphy, J Nadeau, RM Burgmann, R AF Shelly, David R. Ellsworth, William L. Ryberg, Trond Haberland, Christian Fuis, Gary S. Murphy, Janice Nadeau, Robert M. Buergmann, Roland TI Precise location of San Andreas Fault tremors near Cholame, California using seismometer clusters: Slip on the deep extension of the fault? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; NORTHERN HAYWARD FAULT; EPISODIC TREMOR; SUBDUCTION; BENEATH; JAPAN AB We examine a 24-hour period of active San Andreas Fault (SAF) tremor and show that this tremor is largely composed of repeated similar events. Utilizing this similarity, we locate the subset of the tremor with waveforms similar to an identified low frequency earthquake (LFE) "master template,'' located using P and S wave arrivals to be similar to 26 km deep. To compensate for low signal-to-noise, we estimate event-pair differential times at "clusters'' of nearby stations rather than at single stations. We find that the locations form a near-linear structure in map view, striking parallel to the SAF and near the surface trace. Therefore, we suggest that at least a portion of the tremor occurs on the deep extension of the fault, likely reflecting shear slip, similar to subduction zone tremor. If so, the SAF may extend to the base of the crust, similar to 10 km below the deepest regular earthquakes on the fault. Citation: Shelly, D. R., W. L. Ellsworth, T. Ryberg, C. Haberland, G. S. Fuis, J. Murphy, R. M. Nadeau, and R. Burgmann ( 2009), Precise location of San Andreas Fault tremors near Cholame, California using seismometer clusters: Slip on the deep extension of the fault?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01303, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036367. C1 [Shelly, David R.; Ellsworth, William L.; Fuis, Gary S.; Murphy, Janice] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nadeau, Robert M.; Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ryberg, Trond; Haberland, Christian] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dshelly@usgs.gov RI Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Haberland, Christian/0000-0002-2981-7087; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 FU HRSN [07HQAG0014]; NSF [EAR-0537641, EAR-0544730]; USGS [06HQGR0167] FX We thank the landowners who generously allowed instruments to be deployed on their property. Some of the seismometers were provided by the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) of GFZ. A portion of this work was performed while D. R. S. was supported by the Miller Institute for Basic Research, University of California, Berkeley. Operational support for the HRSN provided through USGS grant 07HQAG0014. Research support provided through NSF grants EAR-0537641 and EAR-0544730 and through USGS grant 06HQGR0167. We thank Cliff Thurber, Steve Malone, Justin Rubinstein and Jessica Murray-Moraleda for helpful and constructive reviews. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L01303 DI 10.1029/2008GL036367 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 393MT UT WOS:000262378100006 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Svarc, JL AF Savage, J. C. Svarc, J. L. TI Postseismic relaxation following the 1992 M7.3 Landers and 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes, southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID M-W 7.1; MOJAVE-DESERT; UNITED-STATES; DEFORMATION; MANTLE; FLOW; SEQUENCE; BENEATH; FAULT; GPS AB Postseismic relaxation ( measured postseismic deformation less the deformation that would have occurred at the preseismic rate) has been monitored at the same 10 monuments over similar to 6 years following both the 1992 Landers and the 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes. For both earthquakes the displacement components of the observed relaxation are well described by gamma(i) + a alpha(i)f(1)(t), where gi and alpha(i) are constants peculiar to each component at each monument, t is the time after the earthquake, and f(1)(t) is a temporal function common to all components and all monuments for that earthquake. The temporal function f(1)(t) can be approximated by bt + c log(e)(1 + t/tau), where tau = 38.7 +/- 15.2 days and 25.6 +/- 7.7 days for the Landers and Hector Mine relaxations, respectively. Because the estimated values of t do not differ significantly, the transient term loge(1 + t/tau) in the temporal function may be the same for both earthquakes. The asymptotic (t -> infinity) relaxation rates alpha(i)b are only a few mm/a and do not appear to be significantly different following the two earthquakes. The asymptotic deformation rates appear to be slightly greater than the preseismic deformation rates, but the preseismic rates were not measured directly. Thus, the deformations of the Landers array measured over the first 5.6 years following the Landers earthquake and over the first 6.4 years following the Hector Mine earthquake are generally consistent with a simple model in which the transient postearthquake relaxation depends upon time as log(e)(1 + t/tau) with t = 28 +/- 5 days and the asymptotic postseismic speeds of the monuments exceed the preseismic speeds by at most only a few millimeters per annum. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Svarc, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov; jsvarc@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 6 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B01401 DI 10.1029/2008JB005938 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 393OT UT WOS:000262383300001 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Schaller, EL Roe, HG Chen, C Roberts, J Brown, RH Baines, KH Clark, RN AF Brown, M. E. Schaller, E. L. Roe, H. G. Chen, C. Roberts, J. Brown, R. H. Baines, K. H. Clark, R. N. TI Discovery of lake-effect clouds on Titan SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; SOUTH-POLE AB Images from instruments on Cassini as well as from telescopes on the ground reveal the presence of sporadic small-scale cloud activity in the cold late-winter north polar region of Saturn's large moon Titan. These clouds lie underneath the previously discovered uniform polar cloud attributed to a quiescent ethane cloud at similar to 40 km and appear confined to the same latitudes as those of the largest known hydrocarbon lakes at the north pole of Titan. The physical properties of these clouds suggest that they are due to methane convection and condensation. Such convection could be caused by a process in some ways analogous to terrestrial lake-effect clouds. The lakes on Titan could be a key connection between the surface and the meteorological cycle. Citation: Brown, M. E., E. L. Schaller, H. G. Roe, C. Chen, J. Roberts, R. H. Brown, K. H. Baines, and R. N. Clark (2009), Discovery of lake-effect clouds on Titan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01103, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035964. C1 [Brown, M. E.; Schaller, E. L.; Chen, C.; Roberts, J.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Baines, K. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chen, C.] Westridge Sch, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Roe, H. G.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mbrown@caltech.edu FU NSF; NASA FX We would like to thank two anonymous referees for insightful comments that improved this paper. This research is supported by a NSF Planetary Astronomy grant to MEB and a NASA Planetary Astronomy grant to HGR. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 AR L01103 DI 10.1029/2008GL035964 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 390MR UT WOS:000262168900002 ER PT J AU Barlow, JRB Coupe, RH AF Barlow, Jeannie R. B. Coupe, Richard H. TI Use of heat to estimate streambed fluxes during extreme hydrologic events SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURES; STREAMFLOW AB Using heat as a tracer, quantitative estimates of streambed fluxes and the critical stage for flow reversal were calculated for high-flow events that occurred on the Bogue Phalia (a tributary of the Mississippi River) following the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In June 2005, piezometers were installed in the Bogue Phalia upstream from the stream gage near Leland, Mississippi, to monitor temperature. Even with the hurricanes, precipitation in the Bogue Phalia Basin for the months of June to October 2005 was below normal, and consequently, streamflow was below the long-term average. Temperature profiles from the piezometers indicate that the Bogue Phalia was a gaining stream during most of this time, but relatively static streambed temperatures suggested long-term data was warranted for heat-based estimates of flux. However, the hurricanes caused a pair of sharp rises in stream stage over short periods of time, increasing the potential for rapid heat-based modeling and for identification of the critical stage for flow reversal into the streambed. Heat-based modeling fits of simulated-to-measured sediment temperatures show that once a critical stage was surpassed, flow direction reversed into the streambed. Results of this study demonstrate the ability to constrain estimates of streambed water flux and the critical stage of flow reversal, with little available groundwater head data, by using heat as a tracer during extreme stage events. C1 [Barlow, Jeannie R. B.; Coupe, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Jackson, MS 39028 USA. RP Barlow, JRB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 308 S Airport Rd, Jackson, MS 39028 USA. EM jbarlow@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 3 PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 AR W01403 DI 10.1029/2007WR006121 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 390PR UT WOS:000262176700001 ER PT B AU Mullinix, C Hearn, P Zhang, HJ Aguinaldo, J AF Mullinix, Cassandra Hearn, Paul Zhang, Huajun Aguinaldo, John BE Di, L Chen, A TI Web-based Decision Support and Visualization Tools for Water Quality Management in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE COAST; SPARROW; Water Quality; NYM Tool; OGC; WMS; Dynamic SLD; Web Mapping AB Federal, State, and local water quality managers charged with restoring the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem require tools to maximize the impact of their limited resources. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) are developing a suite of Web-based tools called the Chesapeake Online Assessment Support Toolkit (COAST). The goal of COAST is to help CBP partners identify geographic areas where restoration activities would have the greatest effect, select the appropriate management strategies, and improve coordination and prioritization among partners. As part of the COAST suite of tools focused on environmental restoration, a water quality management visualization component called the Nutrient Yields Mapper (NYM) tool is being developed by USGS. The NYM tool is a web application that uses watershed yield estimates from USGS SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed (SPARROW) attributes model (Schwarz et al., 2006) [6] to allow water quality managers to identify important sources of nitrogen and phosphorous within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The NYM tool utilizes new open source technologies that have become popular in geospatial web development, including components such as Open Layers and GeoServer. This paper presents examples of water quality data analysis based on nutrient type, source, yield, and area of interest using the NYM tool for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In addition, we describe examples of map-based techniques for identifying high and low nutrient yield areas; web map engines; and data visualization and data management techniques. C1 [Mullinix, Cassandra; Hearn, Paul] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Zhang, Huajun; Aguinaldo, John] Harris Corporat, Informat Technol Serv, Dulles, VA USA. RP Mullinix, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ccmullinix@usgs.gov; phearn@usgs.gov; huajun_zhang@usgs.gov; jagui@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 1021 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400194 ER PT B AU Cheng, XN Bai, YQ Di, LP Nebert, D AF Cheng, Xuanang Bai, Yuqi Di, Liping Nebert, Douglas BE Di, L Chen, A TI Providing Public Standardized Data Access Function: Lessons Learned from Accessing USGS Landsat Archive SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE Landsat; public access; interoperability AB The geospatial community is experiencing a shift from having data locally to sharing them over the Web. However, not all the data accessing systems are built in compliance with open geospatial standards and thus are weak in terms of interoperability. The USGS Landsat data are now available through free electronic access though not yet through standard Web service interfaces. This paper intends to discuss the experience and lessons learned from integrating a public data access function to the USGS Landsat data archive into a geospatial workflow environment. Currently available systems and their problems, proposed solutions and application scenarios are discussed. C1 [Cheng, Xuanang; Bai, Yuqi; Di, Liping] George Mason Univ, CSISS, 6301 Ivy Lane,Suite 620, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Nebert, Douglas] USGS, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Cheng, XN (reprint author), George Mason Univ, CSISS, 6301 Ivy Lane,Suite 620, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM xcheng@gmu.edu; ldi@gmu.edu; ddnebert@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 1237 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400236 ER PT B AU Rodriguez, S Le Mouelic, S Rannou, P Combe, JP Le Corre, L Tobie, G Barnes, JW Sotin, C Brown, RH Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Rodriguez, Sebastien Le Mouelic, Stephane Rannou, Pascal Combe, Jean-Philippe Le Corre, Lucille Tobie, Gabriel Barnes, Jason W. Sotin, Christophe Brown, Robert H. Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Phil D. GP IEEE TI FAST FORWARD MODELING OF TITAN'S INFRARED SPECTRA TO INVERT VIMS/CASSINI HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Titan: haze, clouds, surface; near-infrared; spectro-imagery; radiative transfer ID ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; METHANE AB The surface of Titan, the largest icy moon of Saturn, is veiled by a very thick and hazy atmosphere. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft, in orbit around Saturn since July 2004, conduct an intensive survey of Titan with the objective to understand the complex nature of the atmosphere and surface of the mysterious moon and the way they interact. Accurate radiative transfer modeling is necessary to analyze Titan's infrared spectra, but are often very computer resources demanding. As Cassini has gathered hitherto millions of spectra of Titan and will still observe it until at least 2010, we report here on the development of a new rapid, simple and versatile radiative transfer model specially designed to invert VIMS datacubes. C1 [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris 07, Lab AIM, CNRS,UMR 7158, CEA Saclay DSM IRFU SAp, F-75221 Paris 05, France. [Le Mouelic, Stephane; Le Corre, Lucille; Tobie, Gabriel; Sotin, Christophe] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetologie Geodynamique, UMR 6112, Nantes, France. [Rannou, Pascal] Univ Reims, CNRS, Grp Spectrometrie Mol Atmospher, UMR 6089, Reims, France. [Rannou, Pascal] Univ Versailles, CNRS, LATMOS, UMR 7620, Versailles, France. [Combe, Jean-Philippe] Bear Fight Ctr, Rock Hill, WA USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. [Clark, Roger N.] USGS, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Nicholson, Phil D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Rodriguez, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, Lab AIM, CNRS,UMR 7158, CEA Saclay DSM IRFU SAp, F-75221 Paris 05, France. RI Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 37 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400010 ER PT S AU Peng, Y Song, WZ Huang, RJ Xu, MS Shirazi, B LaHusen, R Pei, GY AF Peng, Yang Song, WenZhan Huang, Renjie Xu, Mingsen Shirazi, Behrooz LaHusen, Richard Pei, Guangyu GP IEEE TI Cacades: A Reliable Dissemination Protocol for Data Collection Sensor Network SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB In this paper, we propose a fast and reliable data dissemination protocol Cascades to disseminate data from the sink(base station) to all or a subset of nodes in a data collection sensor network. Cascades makes use of the parent-monitor-children analogy to ensure reliable dissemination. Each node monitors whether or not its children have received the broadcast messages through snooping children's rebroadcasts or waiting for explicit ACKs. If a node detects a gap in its message sequences, it can fetch the missing messages from its neighbours reactively. Cascades also considers many practical issues for field deployment, such as dynamic topology, link/node failure, etc.. It therefore guarantees that a disseminated message from the sink will reach all intended receivers and the dissemination is terminated in a short time period. Notice that, all existing dissemination protocols either do not guarantee reliability or do not terminate [1, 2], which does not meet the requirement of real-time command control. We conducted experiment evaluations in both TOSSIM simulator and a sensor network testbed to compare Cascades with those existing dissemination protocols in TinyOS sensor networks, which show that Cascades achieves a higher degree of reliability, lower communication cost, and less delivery delay.(12) C1 [Peng, Yang; Song, WenZhan; Huang, Renjie; Xu, Mingsen; Shirazi, Behrooz] Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [LaHusen, Richard] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Reston, VA USA. [Pei, Guangyu] Boeing Phantom Works, St Louis, MO USA. RP Peng, Y (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM yang_peng@wsu.edu; songwz@wsu.edu; renjie_huang@wsu.edu; mingsen_xu@wsu.edu; shirazi@wsu.edu; rlahusen@usgs.gov; Guangyu.pei@boeing.com FU NASA ESTO AIST program and USGS Volcano Hazard program [NNX06AE42G] FX The research described in this paper was supported by NASA ESTO AIST program and USGS Volcano Hazard program under the research grant NNX06AE42G. Many thanks to Prof. Rong Zheng from University of Houston for their insightful comments on this paper. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1876 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000193 ER PT S AU Gaines, D Belluta, P Herman, J Hwang, P Mukai, R Porter, D Jones, B Wood, E Grotzinger, J Edgar, L Hayes, A Hare, T Squyres, S AF Gaines, Daniel Belluta, Paolo Herman, Jennifer Hwang, Pauline Mukai, Ryan Porter, Dan Jones, Byron Wood, Eric Grotzinger, John Edgar, Lauren Hayes, Alex Hare, Trent Squyres, Steve GP IEEE TI Strategic Analysis for the MER Cape Verde Approach SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has recently completed a two year campaign studying Victoria Crater. The campaign culminated in a close approach of Cape Verde in order to acquire high resolution imagery of the exposed stratigraphy in the cliff face. The close approach to Cape Verde provided significant challenges for every subsystem of the rover as the rover needed to traverse difficult, uncharacterised terrain and approach a cliff face with the potential of blocking out solar energy and communications with Earth. In this paper we describe the strategic analyses performed by the science and engineering teams so that we could successfully achieve the science objectives while keeping the rover safe. C1 [Gaines, Daniel; Belluta, Paolo; Herman, Jennifer; Hwang, Pauline; Mukai, Ryan; Porter, Dan; Jones, Byron; Wood, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grotzinger, John; Edgar, Lauren; Hayes, Alex] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hare, Trent] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Squyres, Steve] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gaines, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 3922 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964001139 ER PT B AU Song, WZ Huang, RJ Shirazi, B LaHusen, R AF Song, Wen-Zhan Huang, Renjie Shirazi, Behrooz LaHusen, Richard GP IEEE TI TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC Protocol for Real-time High-data-rate Sensor Networks SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS (PERCOM), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications CY MAR 09-13, 2009 CL Galveston, TX SP IEEE AB Earlier sensor network MAC protocols focus on energy conservation in low-duty cycle applications, while some recent applications involve real-time high-data-rate signals. This motivates us to design an innovative localized TDMA MA protocol to achieve high throughput and low congestion in data collection sensor networks, besides energy conservation. TreeMAC divides a time cycle into frames and frame into slots. Parent determines children's frame assignment based on their relative bandwidth demand, and each node calculates its own slot assignment based on its hop-count to the sink. This innovative 2-dimensional frame-slot assignment algorithm has the following nice theory properties. Firstly, given any node, at any time slot, there is at most one active sender in its neighborhood (including itself). Secondly, the packet scheduling with TreeMAC is bufferless, which therefore minimizes the probability of network congestion. Thirdly, the data throughput to gateway is at least 1/3 of the optimum assuming reliable links. Our experiments on a 24 node test bed demonstrate that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput and energy efficiency, by comparing to the TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMA MAC protocol Funneling-MAC [8].(1) C1 [Song, Wen-Zhan; Huang, Renjie; Shirazi, Behrooz] Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [LaHusen, Richard] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano observatory, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Song, WZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM songwz@wsu.edu; renjie_huang@wsu.edu; shirazi@wsu.edu; rlahusen@usgs.gov FU NASA ESTO AIST; USGS [NNX06AE42G] FX This work is supported by NASA ESTO AIST program and USGS Volcano Hazard program under the research grant NNX06AE42G. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3303-2 PY 2009 BP 93 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BKO10 UT WOS:000268744400012 ER PT S AU Xu, XL Liang, D Andreadis, KM Tsang, L Josberger, EG AF Xu, Xiaolan Liang, Ding Andreadis, Konstantinos M. Tsang, Leung Josberger, Edward G. GP IEEE TI Comparison with CLPX II Airborne Data using DMRT Model SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE DMRT; CLPX II; data matching; VIC; QCA; NMM3D ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER THEORY; SNOW AB In this paper, we considered a physical-based model which use numerical solution of Maxwell Equations in three-dimensional simulations and apply into Dense Media Radiative Theory (DMRT). The model is validated in two specific dataset from the second Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX II) at Alaska and Colorado. The data were all obtain by the Ku-band (13.95GHz) observations using airborne imaging polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT). Snow is a densely packed media. To take into account the collective scattering and incoherent scattering, analytical Quasi-Crystalline Approximation (QCA) and Numerical Maxwell Equation Method of 3-D simulation (NMM3D) are used to calculate the extinction coefficient and phase matrix. DMRT equations were solved by iterative solution up to 2(nd) order for the case of small optical thickness and full multiple scattering solution by decomposing the diffuse intensities into Fourier series was used when optical thickness exceed unity. It was shown that the model predictions agree with the field experiment not only co-polarization but also cross-polarization. For Alaska region, the input snow structure data was obtain by the in situ ground observations, while for Colorado region, we combined the VIC model to get the snow profile. C1 [Xu, Xiaolan; Liang, Ding; Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Andreadis, Konstantinos M.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Josberger, Edward G.] United States Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98042 USA. RP Xu, XL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 399 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5418025 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054100101 ER PT S AU Stone, TC AF Stone, Thomas C. GP IEEE TI THE MOON AS A RADIOMETRIC REFERENCE SOURCE FOR ON-ORBIT SENSOR STABILITY CALIBRATION SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Moon; Calibration; Radiometry; Measurement standards ID IRRADIANCE AB The wealth of data generated by the world's Earth-observing satellites, now spanning decades, allows the construction of long-term climate records. A key consideration for detecting climate trends is precise quantification of temporal changes in sensor calibration on-orbit For radiometer instruments in the solar reflectance wavelength range (near-UV to shortwave-IR), the Moon can be viewed as a solar diffuser with exceptional stability properties A model for the lunar spectral irradiance that predicts the geometric variations in the Moon's brightness with similar to 1% precision has been developed at the U S Geological Survey in Flagstaff, AZ Lunar model results corresponding to a series of Moon observations taken by an instrument can be used to stabilize sensor calibration with sub-percent per year precision, as demonstrated by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). The inherent stability of the Moon and the operational model to utilize the lunar irradiance quantity provide the Moon as a reference source for monitoring radiometric calibration in orbit This represents an important capability for detecting terrestrial climate change from space-based radiometric measurements C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 3657 EP 3660 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417690 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054102192 ER PT B AU Zhang, L Ding, XL Feng, GC Lu, Z AF Zhang, Lei Ding, Xiaoli Feng, Guangcai Lu, Zhong GP IEEE TI Ground Settlement Monitoring from Temporarily Persistent Scatterers between Two SAR Acquisitions SO 2009 JOINT URBAN REMOTE SENSING EVENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Workshop on Urban Remote Sensing CY MAY 20-22, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Shanghai Assoc Sci & Technol ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; ALGORITHM; GLACIER; MORENO; IMAGES AB We present an improved differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) analysis method that measures motions of scatterers whose phases are stable between two SAR acquisitions. Such scatterers are referred to as temporarily persistent scatterers (TPS) for simplicity. Unlike the persistent scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) method that relies on a time-series of interferograms, the new algorithm needs only one interferogram. TPS are identified based on pixel offsets between two SAR images, and are specially coregistered based on their estimated offsets instead of a global polynomial for the whole image. Phase unwrapping is carried out based on an algorithm for sparse data points. The method is successfully applied to measure the settlement in the Hong Kong Airport area. The buildings surrounded by vegetation were successfully selected as TPS and the tiny deformation signal over the area was detected. C1 [Zhang, Lei; Ding, Xiaoli; Feng, Guangcai] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] USGS, Cascades Volcano Observ, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM l.zhang@polyu.edu.hk RI Ding, Xiaoli/K-4596-2013; Zhang, Lei/A-1412-2014 OI Ding, Xiaoli/0000-0002-5733-3629; Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-8152-2470 FU Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [PolyU 5157/05E, PolyU 5161/06E] FX The first author is supported by a Ph.D. studentship offered by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The research was supported by the Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Project Numbers: PolyU 5157/05E and PolyU 5161/06E). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3460-2 PY 2009 BP 1133 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BLT13 UT WOS:000270972300193 ER PT J AU Gorresen, PM Bonaccorso, FJ Pinzari, CA AF Gorresen, P. Marcos Bonaccorso, Frank J. Pinzari, Corinna A. TI Habitat occupancy and detection of the Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata) on Aguiguan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Anabat; bat detector; echolocation calls; endangered species; Emballonuridae; Mariana Islands; occupancy analysis ID ECHOLOCATION CALLS; SPECIES RICHNESS; DESIGN AB Occupancy analysis was used to quantify Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata) foraging activity and its relationship to forest structure and proximity to cave roosts on Aguiguan Island in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Bat occurence was most closely associated with canopy cover, vegetation stature and distance to known roosts. The metrics generated by this study can serve as a quantitative baseline for future assessments of the status of this endangered species following changes in habitat due to management activities (e.g., feral goat control) or other factors (e.g., typhoon impacts). Additionally, we provide quantitative descriptions of the echolocation calls of E. semicaudata. Search-phase calls were characterized by a relatively narrow bandwidth and short pulse duration typical of insectivores that forage within vegetative clutter. Two distinctly characteristic frequencies were recorded 30.97 +/- 1.08 kHz and 63.15 +/- 2.20 kHz. C1 [Bonaccorso, Frank J.; Pinzari, Corinna A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Bonaccorso, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.3161/150811009X485567 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 562EE UT WOS:000275031500010 ER PT J AU Valdez, EW Bogan, MA AF Valdez, Ernest W. Bogan, Michael A. TI Does variation in cranial morphology of Myotis occultus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) reflect a greater reliance on certain prey types? SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Colorado; diet; morphology; Myotis occultus; New Mexico ID INSECTIVOROUS BATS; CLIMATE; HYDROLOGY AB Few studies have investigated the relationship between morphological variation and local feeding habits of bats in the United States We used discriminant function analysis (DFA) to compare cranial morphology of Myotis occultus from southern Colorado, and central, and southern New Mexico We analyzed guano collected from maternity colonies in southern Colorado and central New Mexico to compare flood habits Bats from southern Coloiado had the smallest values on the first canonical variate (CVI) that also reflected the smallest measurements of key cranial and dental variables, including height of coronoid process, width of molar, and dentary thickness Bats from central and southern New Mexico had intermediate and large CV1 values, respectively Overall, CV1 discriminated individuals occurring in southern Colorado and central New Mexico from those in southern New Mexico CV2 served best at discriminating bats of southern Colorado from those of central New Mexico. Comparison of food habits revealed that individuals from southern Colorado ate mote soft-bodied prey items (e.g., flies) whereas bats from central New Mexico ate more hard-bodied prey items (e.g., beetles) As shown in earlier studies that investigated relationships between morphology and diet of insectivorous bats, we found differences in skull morphology of M occultus that were correlated with differences in food habits. C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.3161/150811009X485666 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 562EE UT WOS:000275031500020 ER PT J AU Song, YC Chou, IM Hu, WX Robert, B Lu, WJ AF Song Yucai Chou I'Ming Hu Wenxuan Robert, Burruss Lu Wanjun TI CO2 Density-Raman Shift Relation Derived from Synthetic Inclusions in Fused Silica Capillaries and Its Application SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION LA English DT Article DE synthetic fluid inclusion; fused silica capillary; CO2 inclusion; CO2 density equation; Raman analysis ID FLUID INCLUSIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; MANTLE XENOLITHS; SYSTEM; DENSIMETER; PRESSURES; MINERALS AB The densities of CO2 inclusions in minerals are commonly used to determine the crystallizing conditions of the host minerals. However, conventional microthermometry is difficult to apply for inclusions of small size (< 5-10 mu m) or low density. Raman analysis is an alternative method for determining CO2 density, provided that the CO2 density-Raman shift relation is known. This study aims to establish this CO2 density-Raman shift relation by using CO2 inclusions synthesized in fused silica capillaries. By using this newly-developed synthetic technique, we formed pure CO2 inclusions, and their densities were determined by microthermometry. The Raman analysis showed that the relation between CO2 density (D in g/cm3) and the separations ( in cm-1) between the two main bands (i.e. Fermi diad bands) in CO2 Raman spectra can be represented by a cubic equation: D (g/cm3)=0.74203(-0.0193+5.903322-610.79472+21050.30165)-3.54278 (r2=0.99920). Our calculated D value for a given is between those obtained from two previously-reported equations, which were derived from different experimental methods. An example was given in this study to demonstrate that the densities of natural CO2 inclusions that could not be derived from microthermometry could be determined by using our method. C1 [Song Yucai] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Song Yucai; Hu Wenxuan] Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Chou I'Ming; Robert, Burruss] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lu Wanjun] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Song, YC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. EM songyucai@gmail.com RI Lu, Wanjun/H-4962-2014 OI Lu, Wanjun/0000-0003-4334-5722 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [J0723]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20070420418]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40673040]; Energy Program of the USGS FX This study was funded by Basic Outlay of Scientific Research Work from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (J0723 to Song Yucai), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20070420418 to Song Yucai), National Natural Science Foundation of China (40673040 to Hu Wenxuan), and Energy Program of the USGS (to Chou I-Ming). Song Yucai thanks his postdoctoral supervisor, Dr Hou Zengqian, for his support in the completion this paper. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report are for descriptive purposes only and do not constitute endorsement by the Chinese and US governments. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1000-9515 J9 ACTA GEOL SIN-ENGL JI Acta Geol. Sin.-Engl. Ed. PY 2009 VL 83 IS 5 BP 932 EP 938 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 517OK UT WOS:000271625000011 ER PT S AU Lebreton, JD Nichols, JD Barker, RJ Pradel, R Spendelow, JA AF Lebreton, Jean-Dominique Nichols, James D. Barker, Richard J. Pradel, Roger Spendelow, Jeffrey A. BE Caswell, H TI Modeling Individual Animal Histories with Multistate Capture-Recapture Models SO ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, VOL 41 SE Advances in Ecological Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID JOLLY-SEBER MODEL; TAG-RECOVERY DATA; POPULATION PROJECTION MATRICES; ESTIMATE TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; TERNS STERNA-DOUGALLII; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; MARK RESIGHTING DATA AB Many fields of science begin with a phase of exploration and description, followed by investigations of the processes that account for observed patterns. The science of ecology is no exception, and recent decades have seen a focus on understanding key processes underlying the dynamics of ecological systems. In population ecology, emphasis has shifted from the state variable of population size to the demographic processes responsible for changes in this state variable: birth, death, immigration, and emigration. In evolutionary ecology, some of these same demographic processes, rates of birth and death, are also the determinants of fitness. In animal population ecology, the estimation of state variables and their associated vital rates is especially problematic because of the difficulties in sampling such populations and detecting individual animals. Indeed, early capture-recapture models were developed for the purpose of estimating population size, given the reality that all animals are not caught or detected at any sampling occasion. More recently, capture-recapture models for open populations were developed to draw inferences about survival in the face of these same sampling problems. The focus of this paper is on multi-state mark-recapture models (MSMR), which first appeared in the 1970s but have undergone substantial development in the last 15 years. These models were developed to deal explicitly with biological variation, in that animals in different "states" (classes defined by location, physiology, behavior, reproductive status, etc.) may have different probabilities of survival and detection. Animal transitions between states are also stochastic and themselves of interest. These general models have proven to be extremely useful and provide a way of thinking about a remarkably wide range of important ecological processes. These methods are now at a stage of refinement and sophistication where they can readily be used by biologists to tackle a wide range of important issues in ecology. In this paper, we draw together information on the state of the art in multistate mark-recapture methods, explaining the models and illustrating their use. We provide a modeling philosophy and a series of general principles on how to conduct analyses. We cover key issues and features, and we anticipate the ways in which we expect the models to develop in the years ahead. In particular: MSMR can now be used in a straightforward fashion by population biologists, thanks to the development of sound goodness-of-fit procedures, reliable parameter identifiability diagnostics, and robust user-friendly computer software. Con strained models and model selection procedures can be used in the ANOVA-like philosophy commonly used over the last 15 years for survival models, to answer a variety of biological questions. We develop as an example a treatment of meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus data. As in survival models, random effects should be an integral part of this philosophy. Some simple approaches to random effects are illustrated. States can be defined in a very general way, for example, by combining several criteria, such as sites and reproductive states, and can include nonobservable states. We develop as an example a multisite recruitment model of roseate terns Sterna dougallii. MSMR models appear as a natural framework for combining different sources of information, viewed as different events that can be organized into mutually exclusive alternatives. With the available developments, MSMR models are becoming a standard tool in population biology, as shown by a rapid growth of their use in the literature. In particular, given the ease with which a variety of constrained models can now be developed, MSMR models appear as less data hungry than was often feared. MSMR models make it also possible to unify a large array of methodology, and, as such, are both a step towards further unification in a "mother of all" model, and a sound basis for further generalizations. Future developments concern a variety or generalizations such as the reverse time approach and population size estimation. "Multievent" models, accounting for uncertainty in state determination, and integrated state-space models are key generalizations already in full development. C1 [Lebreton, Jean-Dominique; Pradel, Roger] CNRS, CEFE, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Nichols, James D.; Spendelow, Jeffrey A.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Barker, Richard J.] Univ Otago, Dept Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Lebreton, JD (reprint author), CNRS, CEFE, UMR 5175, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. NR 290 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 12 U2 114 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2504 BN 978-0-12-374925-3 J9 ADV ECOL RES JI Adv. Ecol. Res. PY 2009 VL 41 BP 87 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0065-2504(09)00403-6 PG 87 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BKM57 UT WOS:000268499700003 ER PT S AU Geist, EL AF Geist, Eric L. BE Dmowska, R TI PHENOMENOLOGY OF TSUNAMIS: STATISTICAL PROPERTIES FROM GENERATION TO RUNUP SO ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL 51 SE Advances in Geophysics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Tsunami; Earthquake; Landslide; Phenomenology; Statistical; Runup; Tide gage ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; TOKACHI-OKI-EARTHQUAKE; SUBDUCTION-ZONE EARTHQUAKES; GRAND-BANKS EARTHQUAKE; STRONG GROUND MOTION; CALIFORNIAS CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; NICARAGUA SLOW EARTHQUAKE; HOKKAIDO-NANSEI-OKI; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; OMEGA-SQUARE MODEL AB Observations related to tsunami generation, propagation, and runup are reviewed and described in a phenomenological framework. In the three coastal regimes considered (near-field broadside, near-field oblique, and far field), the observed maximum wave amplitude is associated with different parts of the tsunami wavefield. The maximum amplitude in the near-field broadside regime is most often associated with the direct arrival from the source, whereas in the near-field oblique regime, the maximum amplitude is most often associated with the propagation of edge waves. In the far field, the maximum amplitude is most often caused by the interaction of the tsunami coda that develops during basin-wide propagation and the nearshore response, including the excitation of edge waves, shelf modes, and resonance. Statistical distributions that describe tsunami observations are also reviewed, both in terms of spatial distributions, such as coseismic slip on the fault plane and near-field runup, and temporal distributions, such as wave amplitudes in the far field. In each case, fundamental theories of tsunami physics are heuristically used to explain the observations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 267 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2687 BN 978-0-12-374911-6 J9 ADV GEOPHYS JI Adv. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 51 BP 107 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0065-2687(09)05108-5 PG 63 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BVW96 UT WOS:000293008300003 ER PT S AU Fenn, ME Sickman, JO Bytnerowicz, A Clow, DW Molotch, NP Pleim, JE Tonnesen, GS Weathers, KC Padgett, PE Campbell, DH AF Fenn, M. E. Sickman, J. O. Bytnerowicz, A. Clow, D. W. Molotch, N. P. Pleim, J. E. Tonnesen, G. S. Weathers, K. C. Padgett, P. E. Campbell, D. H. BE Legge, AH TI Methods for Measuring Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Inputs in Arid and Montane Ecosystems of Western North America SO AIR QUALITY AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS: RELATING SOURCES TO EFFECTS SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; WET-DEPOSITION AB Measuring atmospheric deposition in arid and snow-dominated regions presents unique challenges. Throughfall, the flux of nutrients transported in solution to the forest floor, is generally the most practical method of estimating below-canopy deposition, particularly when monitoring multiple forest sites or over multiple years. However, more studies are needed to relate throughfall fluxes to total atmospheric deposition, particularly in seasonally dry regions. In seasonally snow-covered regions, the distribution of atmospheric deposition and subsequent nitrogen (N) fluxes are highly sensitive to the temporal and spatial dynamics of snow accumulation and melt. Recent developments in passive monitoring techniques for throughfall and measurement of gaseous pollutants greatly facilitate monitoring of atmospheric deposition and ambient pollutant concentrations over broader spatial scales than was previously possible. Here we focus primarily on N fluxes as N is both a limiting nutrient and a pollutant in many terrestrial ecosystems, and because sulfur (S) deposition is not a widespread problem in the West. Methods suggested for estimating spatially distributed atmospheric deposition in arid and snow-dominated systems include simulation modeling, inferential method, throughfall collection, branch rinsing, N accumulation in surface soils of arid zones, and snowpack sampling methods. Applying more than one approach is often necessary to capture the various atmospheric deposition pathways and the spatial and temporal variability of N deposition. C1 [Fenn, M. E.; Bytnerowicz, A.; Padgett, P. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Sickman, J. O.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Clow, D. W.; Campbell, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Molotch, N. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pleim, J. E.] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Tonnesen, G. S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Weathers, K. C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us; james.sickman@ucr.edu; abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; dwclow@usgs.gov; molotch@seas.ucla.edu; Pleim.Jon@epamail.epa.gov; tonnesen@cert.ucr.edu; weathersk@ecostudies.org; ppadgett@fs.fed.us; dhcampbe@usgs.gov RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 128 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-095202-4 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 9 BP 179 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00208-8 PG 50 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCL07 UT WOS:000310533700010 ER PT J AU Livezey, KB AF Livezey, Kent B. TI Range Expansion of Barred Owls, Part I: Chronology and Distribution SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB During the past century, Barred Owls (Strix varia) expanded their range from Forests east of the Great plains to forests throughout most of central and western North America. Here in Part I, I map more than 12,500 records of Barred Owls in their expanded range front the earliest records to the present, draw the species' distribution in its expanded range and infer the general timing and flow of the range expansion. Evidently, Barred Owls originally traveled across the northern Great Plains via the forested riparian corridors of the Missouri, Yellowstone and Musselshell rivers into east-central Montana by 1873. From there, they accessed western forests in southwestern Montana (1909), moved to northwestern Montana (1922) and then expanded their range in two general directions. They moved north and east to northern Alberta (1934) and Saskatchewan (1948) where the), apparently encountered other Barred Owls coining west-ward front Manitoba. They also moved north to northern British Columbia (1943), southeastern Alaska (1967) and Northwest Territories (1977), and west and south to Washington (1965), Idaho (1969), Oregon (1972) and California (1976). In Part II (Livezey, in press), 1 explore what prevented Barred Owls from expanding their range westward (hiring recent millennia and what allowed them to do so during the past century. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Livezey, KB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM kent_livezey@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX I thank Tracy Fleming for providing ideas and information. Crucial to this effort were specific records used to map the apparent movement of Barred Owls into new areas and thousands of other records used to substantiate early reports and map the species' distribution. I am very grateful to published records of Barred Owls and to the following who generously provided records: Jamie Acker (WA), Bob Anthony (OR), Bob Armstrong (AK), Lonnie Bilyk (AB), Brian Biswell (WA), Andrea Cerovski (WY), Peggy Cranston (CA), Lowell Diller (CA), Nat. Drumheller (AK), Jim Duncan (MB), Cameron Eckert (YT; no records), Stu Farber (CA), Doug Faulkner (WY, CO), Tracy Fleming (WA), Eric Forsman (WA, OR), Scott Fullerton (CA), Rick Gerhardt. (OR), Dan Gibson (AK), Frank Glass (AK), Rich Gordon (AK), Gordon Gould (CA), Scott Gremel (WA), Steven Heinl (AK), Dale Herter (WA), Tony Hertzel (MN), Jared Hobbs (BC), Larry Ig1] (ND), Larry Irwin (WA), Heather Jensen (CA), Joel Jorgensen (NE), John Keane (CA), Jeff Keith (SK), Liz Kelly (WA, OR), David Klute (CO), Amy Krause (CA), Robert Kuntz (WA), Terry Liddick (US), Craig Machtans (NT), Bruce Mat-cot (CA), Ron Martin (ND), Doug Meekins (CA), Tom Munton (CA), Mark Neutzmann (WA), Chuck Otte (KS), Jeff Palmer (SD), Keith Pardieck (US), Bob Pearson (WA), Andrew Piston (AK), Dennis Rock (OR, WA), Lori Salzer (WA),Jim Schaberl (WA), Kristin Schmidt. (CA), Mark Seamans (CA), Ross Silcock (NE), Peter Singleton (WA), Alan Smith (SK), Shirley Sturts (ID), Dave Swanson (SD), Lisa Takats-Priestley (AB), Dan Tallman (SD), Kim Titus (AK), Thede Tobish (AK), Gus van Wet (AK) and Brian Woodbridge (WA). I thank Bradley Livezey for review; Steve Dilley for making preliminary maps and helping design Figure 2; Morgan Omdal for producing Figures 1 and 2; and Bill Evans and two anonymous reviewers for comments. I am grateful to access to library resources of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service paid page charges and partially funded the writing of this manuscript. The views expressed herein are those of the author and are not necessarily those of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 161 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-161.1.49 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395QP UT WOS:000262538900008 ER PT J AU Ribic, CA Guzy, MJ Sample, DW AF Ribic, Christine A. Guzy, Michael J. Sample, David W. TI Grassland Bird Use of Remnant Prairie and Conservation Reserve Program Fields in an Agricultural Landscape in Wisconsin SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BREEDING BIRDS; POPULATION TRENDS; AVIAN RESPONSE; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; FRAGMENTATION; MANAGEMENT AB Because of the declines in grassland bird populations across North America, many State and federal agencies are making efforts to manage for grassland bird populations, particularly in a landscape context. To effectively manage for grassland birds, we need to understand how grassland bird Species Use different habitat types Within landscapes. We determined the densities of grassland birds in remnant prairie patches and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields and compared those to managed agricultural habitat types (pastures, alfalfa hay and strip crop fields). We also investigated whether densities were associated with landscape features. This Study took place in the Military Ridge Prairie Heritage Area (MRPHA) in southwestern Wisconsin May-Jul. 2002 and 2003. Land use in the MRPHA is primarily agricultural, with a relatively large portion of the land in pasture, hay, small grains and idle grasslands enrolled in CRP and relatively few acres of corn and soybeans compared to other areas of the state. This area also has numerous remnant prairie patches. We used line transect surveys to measure species density in the different habitat types. The five Most common grassland species in the study area were bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Henslow's sparrow (A. henslowii) and Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis). Densities did not differ between years. Habitat type was the most important factor associated with species density. Bobolink densities were greatest in hay fields, followed by CRP fields. Eastern meadowlark densities were greatest in CRP fields, remnant prairie patches and pastures. Grasshopper sparrow densities were greatest in remnant prairie, Henslow's sparrow densities were greatest in CRP fields and remnant prairie and Savannah sparrow densities were greatest in pasture and hay fields. There was no evidence that densities of any Of the grassland species increased With site size within habitat type. Only bobolink and eastern meadowlark were associated with a landscape variable; both species' densities in the field were positively associated with proportion of grassland within 200 in of the site. When managing for grassland birds in a landscape with a large amount of grassland, a diversity of habitat types will be needed to conserve grassland birds as a group. C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sample, David W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Sci Serv, Madison, WI 53716 USA. RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@wisc.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Regional Nongame Bird Conservation Program; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many people who assisted with the field work and data preparation, in particular J.. Dadisman. We thank the private landowners who allowed access to their properties. We thank J. Herkert, R. Koford and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. This project. was supported by funds front the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Regional Nongame Bird Conservation Program, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, for assistance with publication expenses. Mention Of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 161 IS 1 BP 110 EP 122 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-161.1.110 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395QP UT WOS:000262538900013 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, NB Leicht-Young, SA Frohnapple, KJ Grundel, R AF Pavlovic, Noel B. Leicht-Young, Stacey A. Frohnapple, Krystalynn J. Grundel, Ralph TI Effect of Removal of Hesperis matronalis (Dame's Rocket) on Species Cover of Forest Understory Vegetation in NW Indiana SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MAPLE ACER-PLATANOIDES; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; IMPATIENS-GLANDULIFERA; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; RESTORATION; RICHNESS; IMPACTS; DENSITY; INVASIBILITY AB Exotic invasive plant species differ in their effects oil indigenous vegetation its evidenced by research evaluating community response to their removal. We used a removal approach to quantify file response of a mesic woodland to the removal versus retention of an invasive plant, Hesperis matronalis (dame's rocket) from paired treatment plots over 3 y. Cover of H. matronalis did not differ between control and treatment plots prior to removal, declined in the removal plots and remained significantly lower in cover compared to file control plots. Removal did not significantly affect species richness and species diversify (evenness, Shannon and Simpson) at the plot scale, but did result in increased Species richness overall in the removal plots in the last sampling year when compared to control plots. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination analysis indicated a significant compositional change in the spring plant composition of plots over the 3 y, reflecting an increase in exotic woody species. Exotic Woolly plants, especially Rosa multiflora and Euonymus alatus, increased in cover in response to H matronalis removal. In the 3 y, neither native nor exotic forbs, nor native woody plains responded to the removal of H. matronalis in a statistically significant manner. The increasing cover of woody invasive plants in response to the removal of II. matronalis has important management implications for restoration of degraded communities. C1 [Pavlovic, Noel B.; Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.; Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Pavlovic, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM npavlovic@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 161 IS 1 BP 165 EP + DI 10.1674/0003-0031-161.1.165 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395QP UT WOS:000262538900017 ER PT J AU Hough, S Bilham, R Bhat, I AF Hough, Susan Bilham, Roger Bhat, Ismail TI Kashmir Valley Megaearthquakes Estimates of the magnitudes of past seismic events foretell a very shaky future for this pastoral valley SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID HIMALAYAN EARTHQUAKES; NORTHERN INDIA C1 [Bilham, Roger] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bhat, Ismail] Univ Kashmir, Dept Geol & Geophys, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India. RP Hough, S (reprint author), USGS, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@gps.caltech.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 97 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 384QM UT WOS:000261759300027 ER PT S AU Sallenger, AH Wright, CW Doran, K Guy, K Morgan, K AF Sallenger, Asbury H. Wright, C. W. Doran, Kara Guy, Kristy Morgan, Karen BE Kelley, JT Pilkey, OH Cooper, JAG TI Hurricane Rita and the destruction of Holly Beach, Louisiana: Why the chenier plain is vulnerable to storms SO AMERICAS MOST VULNERABLE COASTAL COMMUNITIES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA; COASTAL; MODEL AB Hurricane Rita devastated gulf-front communities along the western Louisiana coast in 2005. LIDAR (light detection and ranging) topographic surveys and aerial photography collected before and after the storm showed the loss of every structure within the community of Holly Beach. Average shoreline change along western Louisiana's 140-km-long impacted shore was -23.3 +/- 30.1 m of erosion, although shoreline change in Holly Beach was substantially less, and erosion was not pervasive where the structures were lost. Before the storm, peak elevations of the dunes, or berms in the absence of dunes, along the impacted shore averaged 1.6 m. The storm surge, which reached 3.5 m just east of Holly Beach, completely inundated the beach systems along the impacted western Louisiana shore. The high surge potential and low land elevations make this coast extremely vulnerable to hurricanes. In fact, most of the western Louisiana shore impacted by Rita will be completely inundated by the storm surge of a worst-case Saffir-Simpson category 1 hurricane. All of this shore will be inundated by worst-case category 2-5 storms. C1 [Sallenger, Asbury H.; Wright, C. W.; Doran, Kara; Guy, Kristy; Morgan, Karen] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Sallenger, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. OI Doran, Kara/0000-0001-8050-5727 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2460-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 460 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1130/2009.2460(09) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BTA50 UT WOS:000286207000010 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Gannon, JL AF Love, J. J. Gannon, J. L. TI Revised D-st and the epicycles of magnetic disturbance: 1958-2007 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA-12) CY MAY 18-24, 2008 CL Crete, GREECE SP Univ Crete, Ionospher Phys Lab, Phys Dept DE Magnetospheric physics; Current systems; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; Storms and substorms ID GEOMAGNETIC DST INDEX; RING-CURRENT; SEMIANNUAL VARIATION; DIURNAL-VARIATION; TIME VARIATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; FIELD; STORMS; CURRENTS; DYNAMICS AB A revised version of the storm-time disturbance index D-st is calculated using hourly-mean magnetic-observatory data from four standard observatories and collected over the years 1958-2007. The calculation algorithm is a revision of that established by Sugiura et al., and which is now used by the Kyoto World Data Center for routine production of D-st. The most important new development is for the removal of solar-quiet variation. This is done through time and frequency-domain band-stop filtering - selectively removing specific Fourier terms approximating stationary periodic variation driven by the Earth's rotation, the Moon's orbit, the Earth's orbit around the Sun, and their mutual coupling. The resulting non-stationary disturbance time series are weighted by observatory-site geomagnetic latitude and then averaged together across longitudes to give what we call D-st(5807-4SH). Comparisons are made with the standard Kyoto D-st. Various biases, especially for residual solar-quiet variation, are identified in the Kyoto D-st, and occasional storm-time errors in the Kyoto D-st are noted. Using D-st(5807-4SH), storms are ranked for maximum storm-time intensity, and we show that storm-occurrence frequency follows a power-law distribution with an exponential cutoff. The epicycles of magnetic disturbance are explored: we (1) map low-latitude local-time disturbance asymmetry, (2) confirm the 27-day storm-recurrence phenomenon using autocorrelation, (3) investigate the coupled semi-annual-diurnal variation of magnetic activity and the proposed explanatory equinoctial and Russell-McPherron hypotheses, and (4) illustrate the well-known solar-cycle modulation of storm-occurrence likelihood. Since D-st(5807-4SH) is useful for a variety of space physics and solid-Earth applications, it is made freely available to the scientific community. C1 [Love, J. J.; Gannon, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 NR 115 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 8 BP 3101 EP 3131 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 489RU UT WOS:000269440700014 ER PT J AU Love, JJ AF Love, J. J. TI Missing data and the accuracy of magnetic-observatory hour means SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetics; Measurement and standards; Numerical methods; Instrumentation and techniques AB Analysis is made of the accuracy of magnetic-observatory hourly means constructed from definitive minute data having missing values (gaps). Bootstrap sampling from different data-gap distributions is used to estimate average errors on hourly means as a function of the number of missing data. Absolute and relative error results are calculated for horizontal-intensity, declination, and vertical-component data collected at high, medium, and low magnetic latitudes. For 90% complete coverage (10% missing data), average (RMS) absolute errors on hourly means are generally less than errors permitted by Intermagnet for minute data. As a rule of thumb, the average relative error for hourly means with 10% missing minute data is approximately equal to 10% of the hourly standard deviation of the source minute data. C1 US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 FU Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (France); British Geological Survey (Great Britain); National Research Foundation (South Africa); University of Oulu (Finland); Eotvos Lorand Geophysical Institute (Hungary); USGS Geomagnetism Program FX The results presented in this paper rely on data collected at the Dumont d'Urville, Hartland, Hermanus, Honolulu, Sodankyla, and Tihany observatories. We thank the Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (France), the British Geological Survey (Great Britain), the National Research Foundation (South Africa), the University of Oulu (Finland), and the Eotvos Lorand Geophysical Institute (Hungary) for supporting the operation of their observatories. We acknowledge Intermagnet (www.intermagnet.org) for facilitating the dissemination of magnetic observatory data and for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice. We thank the Kyoto World Data Center for archiving observatory data and making them readily available to the scientific community. This work and the present operation of the Honolulu observatory are supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. We thank C. A. Finn, J.L. Gannon, D. E. McNamara, and Anonymous for reviewing a draft manuscript. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 9 BP 3601 EP 3610 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500RH UT WOS:000270321600021 ER PT J AU Harrison, WD Cox, LH Hock, R March, RS Pettit, EC AF Harrison, W. D. Cox, L. H. Hock, R. March, R. S. Pettit, E. C. TI Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MASS-BALANCE; TIME-SCALE; ICE-SHEETS; CLIMATE; ALASKA; USA AB Conventional and reference-surface mass-balance data from Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, Alaska, USA, are used to address the questions of how rapidly these glaciers are adjusting (or 'responding') to climate, whether their responses are stable, and whether the glaciers are likely to survive in today's climate. Instability means that a glacier will eventually vanish, or at least become greatly reduced in volume, if the climate stabilizes at its present state. A simple non-linear theory of response is presented for the analysis. The response of Gulkana Glacier is characterized by a timescale of several decades, but its stability and therefore its survival in today's climate are uncertain. Wolverine seems to be responding to climate more slowly, on the timescale of one to several centuries. Its stability is also uncertain, but a slower response time would make it more susceptible to climate changes. C1 [Harrison, W. D.; Hock, R.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cox, L. H.] Univ Montana, Dept Geophys Engn, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Hock, R.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [March, R. S.] US Geol Survey Glaciol, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Pettit, E. C.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Harrison, WD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM harrison@gi.alaska.edu RI Hock, Regine/C-6179-2013 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2009 VL 50 IS 50 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 626TN UT WOS:000279990100005 ER PT J AU Wu, SS Qiu, XM Usery, EL Wang, L AF Wu, Shuo-Sheng Qiu, Xiaomin Usery, E. Lynn Wang, Le TI Using Geometrical, Textural, and Contextual Information of Land Parcels for Classification of Detailed Urban Land Use SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE contextual classification; field-based; land use classification; per field; textural classification ID PER-FIELD CLASSIFICATION; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; COVER CLASSIFICATION; KAPPA-COEFFICIENT; LIDAR DATA; IMAGERY; MODELS; INTEGRATION; EXTRACTION; AGREEMENT AB Detailed urban land use data are important to government officials, researchers, and businesspeople for a variety of purposes. This article presents an approach to classifying detailed urban land use based on geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels. An area of 6 by 14 km in Austin, Texas, with land parcel boundaries delineated by the Travis Central Appraisal District of Travis County, Texas, is tested for the approach. We derive fifty parcel attributes from relevant geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing data and use them to discriminate among nine urban land uses: single family, multifamily, commercial, office, industrial, civic, open space, transportation, and undeveloped. Half of the 33,025 parcels in the study area are used as training data for land use classification and the other half are used as testing data for accuracy assessment. The best result with a decision tree classification algorithm has an overall accuracy of 96 percent and a kappa coefficient of 0.78, and two naive, baseline models based on the majority rule and the spatial autocorrelation rule have overall accuracy of 89 percent and 79 percent, respectively. The algorithm is relatively good at classifying single-family, multifamily, commercial, open space, and undeveloped land uses and relatively poor at classifying office, industrial, civic, and transportation land uses. The most important attributes for land use classification are the geometrical attributes, particularly those related to building areas. Next are the contextual attributes, particularly those relevant to the spatial relationship between buildings, then the textural attributes, particularly the semivariance texture statistic from 0.61-m resolution images. C1 [Wang, Le] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY USA. [Wu, Shuo-Sheng; Qiu, Xiaomin] Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Planning, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Usery, E. Lynn] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Wang, Le] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. RP Wu, SS (reprint author), Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Planning, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM swu@missouristate.edu; qiu@missouristate.edu; usery@usgs.gov; lewang@buffalo.edu RI wang, le/A-7236-2011 NR 71 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 15 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PY 2009 VL 99 IS 1 BP 76 EP 98 AR PII 906014264 DI 10.1080/00045600802459028 PG 23 WC Geography SC Geography GA 387EP UT WOS:000261934800004 ER PT J AU Placzek, C Quade, J Betancourt, JL Patchett, PJ Rech, JA Latorre, C Matmon, A Holmgren, C English, NB AF Placzek, Christa Quade, Jay Betancourt, Julio L. Patchett, P. Jonathan Rech, Jason A. Latorre, Claudio Matmon, Ari Holmgren, Camille English, Nathan B. TI CLIMATE IN THE DRY CENTRAL ANDES OVER GEOLOGIC, MILLENNIAL, AND INTERANNUAL TIMESCALES SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Systematics Symposium of the Missouri Botanical Garden on Biodiversity and Conservation in the Andes CY OCT 12-13, 2007 CL St Louis, MO DE Altiplano; Amazon Basin; Andes; CAPE; ENSO; middens ID CENTRAL ATACAMA DESERT; SALAR-DE-ATACAMA; NORTHERN CHILE; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; SOUTH-AMERICA; LAT 22-DEGREES-24-DEGREES-S; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CONVECTIVE CLOUDINESS; MIOCENE AGE; PRECIPITATION AB Over the last eight years, we have developed several paleoenvironmental records from a broad geographic region spanning the Altiplano in Bolivia (18S degrees-22 degrees S) and continuing south along the western Andean flank to ca. 26 degrees S. These records include: cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in surface deposits, dated nitrate paleosoils. lake levels, groundwater levels from wetland deposits, and plant macrofossils from urine-encrusted rodent middens. Arid environments are often uniquely sensitive to climate perturbations. and there is evidence of significant changes in precipitation oil the western flank of the central Andes and the adjacent Altiplano. In contrast. the Atacama Desert of northern Chile is hyperarid over many millions of years. This, uniquely prolonged arid climate requires the isolation of the Atacama from the Amazon Basin. a situation that has existed for more than 10 million year, and that resulted front the uplift of the, Andes and/or formation of the Altiplano plateau. New evidence from multiple terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides, however. suggests that overall aridity is occasionally punctuated by rare rainfall events that likely originate from the Pacific. East of the hyperarid zone. climate history from multiple proxies reveals alternating wet and dry intervals where changes in precipitation originating from the Atlantic may exceed 50%. An analysis of Pleistocene climate records across the region allows reconstruction, (if the spatial and temporal components of climate change. These Pleistocene wet events span [lie modern transition between two modes of interannual precipitation variability, and regional climate history, for the Central Andean Pluvial Event (CAPE; ca. 18-8 ka) points toward similar drivers of modern interannual and past millennial-scale climate variability. north-northeast mode of climate variability is linked to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, and the southeast mode is linked to aridity in the Chaco region of Argentina. C1 [Placzek, Christa] Purdue Univ, Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Placzek, Christa] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Quade, Jay; Patchett, P. Jonathan; English, Nathan B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Rech, Jason A.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Latorre, Claudio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, CASEB, Santiago 6513677, Chile. [Latorre, Claudio] Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago 6513677, Chile. [Matmon, Ari] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Holmgren, Camille] Buffalo State Coll, Dept Geog & Planning, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. RP Placzek, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cplaczek@purdue.edu RI English, Nathan/B-4615-2008; Placzek, Christa/B-6240-2012; Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI English, Nathan/0000-0002-6936-8079; Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 NR 69 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 23 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 0026-6493 EI 2162-4372 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 2009 VL 96 IS 3 BP 386 EP 397 DI 10.3417/2008019 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 504FI UT WOS:000270600800003 ER PT J AU Thatcher, W AF Thatcher, Wayne TI How the Continents Deform: The Evidence From Tectonic Geodesy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE GPS; tectonics; microplates; plate tectonics; continental dynamics ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL-ENERGY; STRIKE-SLIP; ACTIVE DEFORMATION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; COLLISION ZONE; HALF-SPACE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB Space geodesy now provides quantitative maps of the surface velocity field within tectonically active regions, supplying constraints oil the spatial distribution of deformation, the forces that drive it, and the brittle and ductile properties of continental lithosphere. Deformation is usefully described as relative motions among elastic blocks and is block-like because major faults are weaker than adjacent intact crust. Despite similarities, continental block kinematics differs from global plate tectonics: blocks are much smaller, typically similar to 100-1000 km in size; departures front block rigidity are sometimes measurable; and blocks evolve over similar to 1-10 Ma timescales, particularly near their often geometrically irregular boundaries. Quantitatively, relating deformation to the forces that drive it requires simplifying assumptions about the strength distribution in the lithosphere. If brittle/elastic crust is strongest, interactions among blocks control the deformation. If ductile lithosphere is the stronger, its flow properties determine the surface deformation, and a continuum approach is preferable. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thatcher, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM thatcher@usgs.gov NR 87 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 27 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2009 VL 37 BP 237 EP 262 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100035 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 471PV UT WOS:000268071500012 ER PT J AU Olarinmoye, O Taiwo, V Clarke, E Kumolu-Johnson, C Aderinola, O Adekunbi, F AF Olarinmoye, O. Taiwo, V. Clarke, E. Kumolu-Johnson, C. Aderinola, O. Adekunbi, F. TI HEPATIC PATHOLOGIES IN THE BRACKISH WATER CATFISH (CHRYSICHTHYS NIGRODIGITATUS) FROM CONTAMINATED LOCATIONS OF THE LAGOS LAGOON COMPLEX SO APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Liver; Pathology; Fish; Toxicology; Water quality ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; BROWN BULLHEAD; LIVER; SEDIMENT; EXPOSURE; RIVER; FISH; WASHINGTON; BIOMARKERS; INDUCTION AB Several toxicological studies into the effects of aquatic pollutants on the liver of teleost fish exist in literature. The focus on the liver in these studies is predicated on its central nature in the scheme of biotransformation and excretion of xenobiotics following exposure in polluted water bodies. As a consequence of the latter primary role of the liver in these processes it is regarded as a predilective site for the sub lethal effects of xenobiotics on the organism usually detectable at histological level. Hepatic histopathology recorded in livers from feral populations of the brackish water catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from locations on the Lagos lagoon complex with significant anthropogenic inputs from denizen populations and industries are presented. Liver sections from sixty specimens from two locations on the Lagos lagoon complex (Badagry lagoon: 6(0)24'N, 2(0)56'E; and Lagos lagoon: 6(0)29'N, 3(0)22'E) were analysed. Observed pathologies included hydropic degeneration (58%), portal / sinusoidal congestion (33%), hepatic necrosis (26%), hemosiderosis (12%) and foci of cellular alterations (FCA's). No obvious oncologic features were observed; the presence of the hydropic Vacuolation lesion was taken as prelude to the development of neoplasms and discussed as such. C1 [Olarinmoye, O.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Taiwo, V.] Univ Ibadan, Dept Vet Pathol, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Clarke, E.; Kumolu-Johnson, C.; Adekunbi, F.] Lagos State Univ, Dept Fisheries, Lagos, Nigeria. [Aderinola, O.] Lagos State Univ, Dept Zool, Lagos, Nigeria. RP Olarinmoye, O (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM pisxs@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CORVINUS UNIV BUDAPEST PI BUDAPEST PA VILLANYI UT 29/43, BUDAPEST, H-1118, HUNGARY SN 1589-1623 J9 APPL ECOL ENV RES JI Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. PY 2009 VL 7 IS 3 BP 277 EP 286 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556DR UT WOS:000274569400007 ER PT J AU Reimann, C Englmaier, P Flem, B Gough, L Lamothe, P Nordgulen, O Smith, D AF Reimann, C. Englmaier, P. Flem, B. Gough, L. Lamothe, P. Nordgulen, O. Smith, D. TI Geochemical gradients in soil O-horizon samples from southern Norway: Natural or anthropogenic? SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PB-ISOTOPE SIGNALS; NORWEGIAN FOREST SOILS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SVECONORWEGIAN OROGEN; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION; LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; ELEMENT CONTENTS; SW SCANDINAVIA; MOSS SAMPLES; ICP-MS AB Forty soil O- and C-horizon samples were collected along a South-to-north transect extending inland for approximately 200 km from the southern tip of Norway. The elements As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo. Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, W, Zn and Zr all show a distinct decrease in concentration in soil O-horizons with increasing distance from the coast. The elements showing the strongest coastal enrichment, some by more than an order of magnitude compared to inland samples, are Au, Bi, As, Pb, Sb and Sn. Furthermore, the elements Cd (median O-/median C-horizon = 31), C, Sb, Ag, K, S, Ge (10), Hg, Pb, As, Bi, Sr (5), Se, Au, Ba, Na, Zn, P, Cu and Sn (2) are all strongly enriched in the O-horizon when compared to the underlying C-horizon. Lead isotope ratios, however, do not show any gradient with distance from the coast (declining Pb concentration). Along a 50 km topographically steep east-west transect in the centre of the survey area, far from the coast but crossing several vegetation zones, similar element enrichment patterns and concentration gradients can be observed in the O-horizon. Lead isotope ratios in the O-horizon correlate along both transects with pH and the C/N-ratio, both proxies for the quality of the organic material. Natural conditions in southern Norway, related to climate and vegetation, rather than long range atmospheric transport of air pollutants (LRT), cause the observed features. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reimann, C.; Flem, B.; Nordgulen, O.] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Englmaier, P.] Univ Vienna, Fac Life Sci, Dept Freshwater Ecol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Englmaier, P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lamothe, P.; Smith, D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reimann, C (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM clemens.reimann@ngu.no NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 62 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.021 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 398MT UT WOS:000262736900006 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Gurrieri, JT Furniss, G AF Nimick, David A. Gurrieri, Joseph T. Furniss, George TI An empirical method for estimating instream pre-mining pH and dissolved Cu concentration in catchments with acidic drainage and ferricrete SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MINE DRAINAGE; ROCK-DRAINAGE; TRACE-METALS; ADSORPTION; GOETHITE; IRON; SCHWERTMANNITE; SULFATE; ZN; TRANSFORMATION AB Methods for assessing natural background water quality of streams affected by historical mining are vigorously debated. An empirical method is proposed in which stream-specific estimation equations are generated from relationships between either pH or dissolved Cu concentration in stream water and the Fe/Cu concentration ratio in Fe-precipitates presently forming in the stream. The equations and Fe/Cu ratios for pre-mining deposits of alluvial ferricrete then were used to reconstruct estimated pre-mining longitudinal profiles for pH and dissolved Cu in three acidic streams in Montana, USA. Primary assumptions underlying the proposed method are that alluvial ferricretes and modern Fe-precipitates share a common origin, that the Cu content of Fe-precipitates remains constant during and after conversion to ferricrete, and that geochemical factors other than pH and dissolved Cu concentration play a lesser role in determining Fe/Cu ratios in Fe-precipitates. The method was evaluated by applying it in a fourth, naturally acidic stream unaffected by mining, where estimated pre-mining pH and Cu concentrations were similar to present-day values, and by demonstrating that inflows, particularly from unmined areas, had consistent effects on both the pre-mining and measured profiles of pH and Cu concentration. Using this method, it was estimated that mining has affected about 480 m of Daisy Creek, 1.8 km of Fisher Creek, and at least 1 km of Swift Gulch. Mean values of pH decreased by about 0.6 pH units to about 3.2 in Daisy Creek and by 1-1.5 pH units to about 3.5 in Fisher Creek. In Swift Gulch, mining appears to have decreased pH from about 5.5 to as low as 3.6. Dissolved Cu concentrations increased due to mining almost 40% in Daisy Creek to a mean of 11.7 mg/Land as much as 230% in Fisher Creek to 0.690 mg/L. Uncertainty in the fate of Cu during the conversion of Fe-precipitates to ferricrete translates to potential errors in pre-mining estimates of as much as 0.25 units for pH and 22% for dissolved Cu concentration. The method warrants further testing in other mined and unmined watersheds. Comparison of pre-mining water-quality estimates derived from the ferricrete and other methods in single watersheds would be particularly valuable. The method has potential for use in monitoring remedial efforts at mine sites with ferricrete deposits. A reasonable remediation objective might be realized when the downstream pattern of Fe/Cu ratios in modern streambed Fe-precipitates corresponds to the pattern in pre-mining alluvial ferricrete deposits along a stream valley. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Gurrieri, Joseph T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Furniss, George] Univ Montana, Dept Geol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 FU Northern Region of the USDA-Forest Service; US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Northern Region of the USDA-Forest Service and the US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Critical reviews of early drafts of this manuscript by K. Walton-Day, C.C. Fuller, D.B. Yager, and two anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated. Any use of firm, trade, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 106 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.007 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 398MT UT WOS:000262736900010 ER PT J AU Colt, J Watten, B Rust, M AF Colt, John Watten, Barnaby Rust, Michael TI Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Serial reuse; Carbonate chemistry; Water quality modeling ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; FISH CULTURE; SINGLE-PASS; AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS; SALAR L; SEAWATER; EXCRETION AB In serial reuse systems, excretion of metabolic carbon dioxide has a significant impact on ambient pH, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia concentrations. This impact depends strongly on alkalinity, water flow rate, feeding rate, and loss of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. A reduction in pH from metabolic carbon dioxide can significantly reduce the un-ionized ammonia concentration and increase the carbon dioxide concentrations compared to those parameters computed from influent pH. The ability to accurately predict pH in serial reuse systems is critical to their design and effective operation. A trial and error solution to the alkalinity-pH system was used to estimate important water quality parameters in serial reuse systems. Transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the air-water interface, at overflow weirs, and impacts of substrate-attached algae and suspended bacteria were modeled. Gas transfer at the weirs was much greater than transfer across the air-water boundary. This simulation model can rapidly estimate influent and effluent concentrations of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and un-ionized ammonia as a function of water temperature, elevation, water flow, and weir type. The accuracy of the estimates strongly depends on assumed pollutional loading rates and gas transfer at the weirs. The current simulation model is based on mean daily loading rates; the impacts of daily variation loading rates are discussed. Copies of the source code and executable program are available free of charge. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John; Rust, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 28 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.004 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 402OB UT WOS:000263021900004 ER PT J AU Boscarino, BT Rudstam, LG Eillenberger, JL O'Gorman, R AF Boscarino, Brent T. Rudstam, Lars G. Eillenberger, June L. O'Gorman, Robert TI Importance of light, temperature, zooplankton and fish in predicting the nighttime vertical distribution of Mysis diluviana SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mysis relicta; Modeling; Migration; Zooplankton; Vertical distribution; DVM ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; LAKE-ONTARIO; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; RELICTA LOVEN; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FRESH-WATER AB The opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana (formerly M relicta) performs large amplitude diel vertical migrations in Lake Ontario and its nighttime distribution is influenced by temperature, light and the distribution of its predators and prey. At one location in southeastern Lake Ontario, we measured the vertical distribution of mysids, mysid predators (i.e. planktivorous fishes) and mysid prey (i.e. zooplankton), in addition to light and temperature, on 8 occasions from May to September, 2004 and 2005. We use these data to test 3 different predictive models of mysid habitat selection, based on: (1) laboratory-derived responses of mysids to different light and temperature gradients in the absence of predator or prey cues; (2) growth rate of mysids, as estimated with a mysid bioenergetics model, given known prey densities and temperatures at different depths in the water column; (3) ratio of growth rates (g) and mortality risk (mu) associated with the distribution of predatory fishes. The model based on light and temperature preferences was a better predictor of mysid vertical distribution than the models based on growth rate and g:mu on all 8 occasions. Although mysid temperature and light preferences probably evolved as mechanisms to reduce predation while increasing foraging intake, the response to temperature and light alone predicts mysid vertical distribution across seasons in Lake Ontario. C1 [Boscarino, Brent T.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Eillenberger, June L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14953 USA. [O'Gorman, Robert] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Boscarino, BT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM btb32@cornell.edu FU New York Sea Grant [R/CE-23]; Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station [NYC147419]; Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; US Department of Agriculture FX This research was funded by New York Sea Grant project R/CE-23, with additional funding by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds Project NYC147419, received from Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or USDA, The US Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear herein. We thank the crew aboard the USGS RV 'Kaho', Kelly Bowen, Jim Watkins, Ed Mills and Gideon Gal for assistance with the field work. We also extend special thanks to the interns of the Cornell Biological Field Station Summer Internship Program, especially Jill Tirabassi, Tyson Buerkle, Christine Chu, Emily Freund and Shylene Mata. This is contribution #265 of the Cornell Biological Field Station and contribution 1526 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 263 EP 279 DI 10.3354/ab00161 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 463EJ UT WOS:000267411800006 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF Schaeffer, JS Steen, PJ AF Roseman, Edward F. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Steen, Paul J. TI Review of fish diversity in the Lake Huron basin SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on State of Lake Huron - Ecosystem Change, Habitat and Management CY OCT, 2006 CL Ontario, CANADA DE rare; threatened; endangered; special concern; habitat ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; ST-CLAIR RIVER; GREAT-LAKES; CLINOSTOMUS-ELONGATUS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CANADA; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT; ONTARIO AB Lake Huron has a rich aquatic habitat diversity that includes shallow embayments, numerous tributaries, shallow mid-lake reef complexes, archipelagos, and profundal regions. These habitats provide support for warm, cool, and cold water fish communities. Diversity of fishes in Lake Huron reflects post-glaciation colonization events, current climate conditions, accidental and intentional introductions of non-indigenous species, and extinctions. Most extinction events have been largely associated with habitat alterations, exploitation of fisheries, and interactions with non-indigenous species. The most recent historical survey of extirpated and imperiled species conducted in the late 1970s identified 79 fish species in Lake Huron proper and about 50 additional species in tributaries. Of those 129 species, 20 are now considered extirpated or imperiled. Extirpated species include Arctic grayling, paddlefish, weed shiner, deepwater cisco, blackfin cisco, shortnose cisco, and kiyi. Six species have declined appreciably due to loss of clear-water stream habitat: the river redhorse, river darter, black redhorse, pugnose shiner, lake chubsucker, redside dace, eastern sand darter, and channel darter. While numerous agencies, universities, and other organizations routinely monitor nearshore and offshore fish distribution and abundance, there is a need for more rigorous examination of the distribution and abundance of less-common species to better understand their ecology. This information is critical to the development of management plans aimed at ecosystem remediation and restoration. C1 [Roseman, Edward F.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; Steen, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 48 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 AR PII 908933486 DI 10.1080/14634980802710325 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 411IG UT WOS:000263642400003 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF Riley, SC AF Roseman, Edward F. Riley, Stephen C. TI Biomass of deepwater demersal forage fishes in Lake Huron, 1994-2007: Implications for offshore predators SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article CT Conference on State of Lake Huron - Ecosystem Change, Habitat and Management CY OCT, 2006 CL Ontario, CANADA DE fish community; alewife; rainbow smelt; bloater; Great Lakes foodwebs ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SAGINAW BAY; ZEBRA MUSSEL; COMMUNITY; MICHIGAN; POPULATIONS; SUPERIOR; MIDWATER; TRENDS; GROWTH AB We estimated the biomass of deepwater demersal forage fishes (those species common in the diets of lake trout and Chinook salmon) in Lake Huron during the period 1994-2007. The estimated total lake-wide biomass of deepwater demersal fishes in 2007 was reduced by 87 percent of that observed in 1994. Alewife biomass remained near the record low observed in 2004. Biomass of young-of-the-year rainbow smelt was at a record high in 2005, but little recruitment appears to have occurred in 2006 or 2007. Record-high estimates of young-of-the-year bloater biomass were observed in 2005 and 2007, and an increase in the biomass of adult bloater in 2007 suggests that some recruitment may be occurring. The biomass of other potential deepwater demersal forage fish species (sculpins, ninespine stickleback, trout-perch and round goby) has also declined since 1994 and remained low in 2007. The forage fish community in 2007 was dominated by small ( 120 mm) bloater and rainbow smelt. These results suggest that lake trout and Chinook salmon in Lake Huron may face nutritional stress in the immediate future. C1 [Roseman, Edward F.; Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013; OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 AR PII 908929905 DI 10.1080/14634980802711786 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 411IG UT WOS:000263642400005 ER PT J AU Hebert, CE Weseloh, DVC Idrissi, A Arts, MT Roseman, E AF Hebert, Craig E. Weseloh, D. V. Chip Idrissi, Abde Arts, Michael T. Roseman, Edward TI Diets of aquatic birds reflect changes in the Lake Huron ecosystem SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article CT Conference on State of Lake Huron - Ecosystem Change, Habitat and Management CY OCT, 2006 CL Ontario, CANADA DE herring gull; Larus argentatus; waterbirds; ecosystem change; stable isotopes; fatty acids ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; GULLS LARUS-ARGENTATUS; ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; GREAT-LAKES; HERRING GULL; RAINBOW SMELT; EGG SIZE; INDICATORS; SEABIRDS AB Human activities have affected the Lake Huron ecosystem, in part, through alterations in the structure and function of its food webs. Insights into the nature of food web change and its ecological ramifications can be obtained through the monitoring of high trophic level predators such as aquatic birds. Often, food web change involves alterations in the relative abundance of constituent species and/or the introduction of new species (exotic invaders). Diet composition of aquatic birds is influenced, in part, by relative prey availability and therefore is a sensitive measure of food web structure. Using bird diet data to make inferences regarding food web change requires consistent measures of diet composition through time. This can be accomplished by measuring stable chemical and/or biochemical ecological tracers in archived avian samples. Such tracers provide insights into pathways of energy and nutrient transfer. In this study, we examine the utility of two groups of naturally-occurring intrinsic tracers (stable isotopes and fatty acids) to provide such information in a predatory seabird, the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Retrospective stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis of archived herring gull eggs identified declines in gull trophic position and shifts in food sources in Lake Huron over the last 25 years and changes in gull diet composition were inferred from egg fatty acid patterns. These independent groups of ecological tracers provided corroborating evidence of dietary change in this high trophic level predator. Gull dietary shifts were related to declines in prey fish abundance which suggests large-scale alterations to the Lake Huron ecosystem. Dietary shifts in herring gulls may be contributing to reductions in resources available for egg formation. Further research is required to evaluate how changes in resource availability may affect population sustainability in herring gulls and other waterbird species. Long-term biological monitoring programs are required to identify ecosystem change and evaluate its ecological significance. C1 [Hebert, Craig E.; Idrissi, Abde] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Weseloh, D. V. Chip] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Arts, Michael T.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Roseman, Edward] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hebert, CE (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM craig.hebert@ec.gc.ca OI Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 AR PII 908917508 DI 10.1080/14634980802700995 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 411IG UT WOS:000263642400006 ER PT J AU Francy, DS AF Francy, Donna S. TI Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article CT International Tropical Ecology Congress CY DEC 02-05, 2007 CL Dehradun, INDIA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-QUALITY AB The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use. Another solution is the use of predictive models, wherein variable(s) that are easily and quickly measured are surrogates for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria. Rainfall-based alerts, the simplest type of model, have been used by several communities for a number of years. Deterministic models use mathematical representations of the processes that affect bacteria concentrations; this type of model is being used for beach-closure decisions at one location in the USA. Multivariable statistical models are being developed and tested in many areas of the USA; however, they are only used in three areas of the Great Lakes to aid in notifications of beach advisories or closings. These operational statistical models can result in more accurate assessments of recreational water quality than use of the previous day's Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration as determined by traditional culture methods. The Ohio Nowcast, at Huntington Beach, Bay Village, Ohio, is described in this paper as an example of an operational statistical model. Because predictive modeling is a dynamic process, water-resource managers continue to collect additional data to improve the predictive ability of the nowcast and expand the nowcast to other Ohio beaches and a recreational river. Although predictive models have been shown to work well at some beaches and are becoming more widely accepted, implementation in many areas is limited by funding, lack of coordinated technical leadership, and lack of supporting epidemiological data. C1 US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 AR PII 911066908 DI 10.1080/14634980902905767 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 444GP UT WOS:000265969000007 ER PT J AU Simon, TP Morris, CC AF Simon, Thomas P. Morris, Charles C. TI Biological Response Signature of Oil Brine Threats, Sediment Contaminants, and Crayfish Assemblages in an Indiana Watershed, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Patoka River watershed contains a divergent landscape of oil and gas exploration, intensive agriculture, and surface mining mixed with National Forest, Wildlife Refuges, and a large recreational reservoir. We evaluated species diversity among different land uses, including, commercial, forested, residential, and agriculture, and determined relationships among disturbance scale, habitat requirements, contaminants, and patterns in species distributions. Primary burrowing species, Cambarus polychromatus, Cambarus cf diogenes (Lacunicambarus A), and Fallicambarus fodiens, were tolerant of higher concentrations of contaminants than aquatic tertiary burrowing species. Cambarus polychromatus was among the last species of crayfish at the most disturbed sites, while it was absent from pasture and agricultural landscapes that allowed cattle access along banks. Four species of Orconectes were found in the reference and agricultural landscapes within the watershed, including O. immunis, O. indianensis, O. inermis inermis, and O. propinquus. Orconectes indianensis distribution was determined by the presence of rock habitat and absence of contaminants. No Orconectes species were found in acid mine leachate-affected streams with high levels of molybdenum. Cambarus laevis was found in the highest-quality reference areas, which were associated with karst habitats and no contaminants. Burrowing crayfish species were associated with the oil derricks in the lower and middle watershed, which contained increased concentrations of strontium, phosphorus, and various organic parameters associated with oil brine PAHs. C1 [Simon, Thomas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Field Off, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Morris, Charles C.] Indiana Dept Environm Management, Off Water Qual, Assessment Branch, Biol Studies Sect, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. RP Simon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Field Off, 620 S Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. EM thomas_simon@fws.gov; cmorris@dem.state.in.us RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 FU National Contaminants [FFS#3N29]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This project was made possible by the collective efforts of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Conservation Training Center Analytical Support Laboratory, Texas A&M University, Ohio State University, and Biological Studies and Toxicology and Chemistry Sections of the Indiana Department of Environmental Management's Assessment Branch. Special thanks go to R. Thoma and C. Purrington, Ohio State University, for field assistance and to R. Taylor, Texas A&M, for chemical sediment contaminant support. Raw crayfish, habitat, land use, and chemical data are available electronically from the senior author ( T. P. S.). This study was funded by National Contaminants Grant FFS#3N29 to T. P. S. Although this study may have been funded entirely or in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the agency. No official endorsement by either U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the Indiana Department of Environmental Management should be inferred. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 96 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9155-0 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 387GA UT WOS:000261938500011 PM 18368435 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Klimstra, JD Stebbins, KR Kondrad, SL Erwin, CA AF Heinz, Gary H. Hoffman, David J. Klimstra, Jon D. Stebbins, Katherine R. Kondrad, Shannon L. Erwin, Carol A. TI Species Differences in the Sensitivity of Avian Embryos to Methylmercury SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMON LOONS; METHYL MERCURY; CARSON RIVER; GAVIA-IMMER; REPRODUCTION; EGGS; BIRDS; CONTAMINATION; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB We injected doses of methylmercury into the air cells of eggs of 26 species of birds and examined the dose-response curves of embryo survival. For 23 species we had adequate data to calculate the median lethal concentration (LC50). Based on the dose-response curves and LC(50)s, we ranked species according to their sensitivity to injected methylmercury. Although the previously published embryotoxic threshold of mercury in game farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) has been used as a default value to protect wild species of birds, we found that, relative to other species, mallard embryos are not very sensitive to injected methylmercury; their LC50 was 1.79 mu g/g mercury on a wet-weight basis. Other species we categorized as also exhibiting relatively low sensitivity to injected methylmercury (their LC(50)s were 1 mu g/g mercury or higher) were the hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus), lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), and laughing gull (Larus atricilla). Species we categorized as having medium sensitivity (their LC(50)s were greater than 0.25 mu g/g mercury but less than 1 mu g/g mercury) were the clapper rail (Rallus longirostris), sandhill crane (Grus canadensis), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), chicken (Gallus gallus), common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), herring gull (Larus argentatus), common tern (Sterna hirundo), royal tern (Sterna maxima), Caspian tern (Sterna caspia), great egret (Ardea alba), brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), and anhinga (Anhinga anhinga). Species we categorized as exhibiting high sensitivity (their LC(50)s were less than 0.25 mu g/g mercury) were the American kestrel (Falco sparverius), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), white ibis (Eudocimus albus), snowy egret (Egretta thula), and tri-colored heron (Egretta tricolor). For mallards, chickens, and ring-necked pheasants (all species for which we could compare the toxicity of our injected methylmercury with that of published reports where methylmercury was fed to breeding adults and was deposited into the egg by the mother), we found the injected mercury to be more toxic than the same amount of mercury deposited naturally by the mother. The rank order of sensitivity of these same three species to methylmercury was, however, the same whether the methylmercury was injected or maternally deposited in the egg (i.e., the ring-necked pheasant was more sensitive than the chicken, which was more sensitive than the mallard). It is important to note that the dose-response curves and LC(50)s derived from our egg injections are useful for ranking the sensitivities of various species but are not identical to the LC(50)s that would be observed if the mother bird had put the same concentrations of mercury into her eggs; the LC(50)s of maternally deposited methylmercury would be higher. C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Kondrad, Shannon L.; Erwin, Carol A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gheinz@usgs.gov FU CALFED BayDelta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP 02D-C12] FX This research was funded by the CALFED BayDelta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program ( grant no. ERP 02D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank Donna Podger and Carol Adkins of the California Bay-Delta Authority for help and project support. Steve Schwarzbach add Tom Suchanek provided much appreciated guidance and support during the development of the project, and Collin Eagles-Smith and Tom Maurer handled much of the work with reports and budget matters. We thank Kevin Brittingham, Michael Hammond, Michael Hoffman, and Dan Murray for their help in conducting the laboratory parts of the study and Julie Yee and Linda Green for statistical advice. We are very grateful to the following people who helped in one way or another in the collection and shipping of eggs to us: Ray Adams, Josh Ackerman, Terry Adelsbach, David Allen, Tom Augspurger, Wayne Bauer, Alicia Berlin, Sue Cameron, Melissa Duron, Collin Eagles-Smith, David Evers, Karen Gaines, Brian Heinz, Patricia Heinz, Michael Koterba, Jerry Longcore, Frank McGilvrey, Peter McGowan, Jason Miller, Jane Nicolich, Holliday Obrecht, Matthew Perry, Michael Rickard, Darren Rumbold, Lucas Savoy, and Paul Spitzer. Barnett Rattner and Natalie Karouna-Renier provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9160-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 387GA UT WOS:000261938500014 PM 18421496 ER PT J AU Bennett, RS French, JB Rossmann, R Haebler, R AF Bennett, Richard S. French, John B., Jr. Rossmann, Ronald Haebler, Romona TI Dietary Toxicity and Tissue Accumulation of Methylmercury in American Kestrels SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; MERCURY; SOIL; FEATHERS; MOLT AB American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed meat diets containing 0, 3, 6, or 12 ppm (dry weight) methylmercury chloride. Birds fed the 12-ppm diet started to show signs of neurotoxicity after 26 days and all died in 39-49 days. One male kestrel fed the 6-ppm diet died after 75 days of exposure and several others showed signs of neurotoxicity after 45 days. None of the birds fed the 3-ppm diet died or showed signs of toxicity. After 59 days of exposure, mercury concentrations in the liver, kidney, and blood of nonreproducing kestrels increased with increasing dietary concentration. Tissue concentrations of mercury also steadily increased over time in birds fed diets with 6 ppm mercury, which were necropsied at 8, 15, 29, or 59 days of exposure, reaching mean total mercury concentrations of 57, 46, and 45 ppm (wet weight) at 59 days in the liver, kidney, and whole blood, respectively. Two pairs of kestrels at each dietary concentration were allowed to breed. Eggs averaged 8.3 and 18.1 ppm (wet weight) total mercury from birds fed 3- and 6-ppm diets, respectively. Feathers grown during mercury exposure contained high concentrations of mercury: Birds fed 3- and 6-ppm diets contained 275 and 542 ppm total mercury, respectively. C1 [Bennett, Richard S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [French, John B., Jr.] Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Gross Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Haebler, Romona] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Bennett, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM bennett.rick@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank Dawn Graham, Wayne Bauer, Gary Heinz, and David Hoffman for assistance and input throughout the study. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US government. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9168-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 387GA UT WOS:000261938500016 PM 18418644 ER PT J AU Scoles-Sciulla, SJ DeFalco, LA AF Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J. DeFalco, Lesley A. TI Seed Reserves Diluted During Surface Soil Reclamation in Eastern Mojave Desert SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lake mead; restoration; revegetation; seed bank ID WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; JARRAH-FOREST; MINE TAILINGS; RESTORATION; BAUXITE; REHABILITATION; VEGETATION; EMERGENCE; BANKS; ESTABLISHMENT AB Surface soil reclamation is used to increase the re-establishment of native vegetation following disturbance through preservation and eventual replacement of the indigenous seed reserves. Employed widely in the mining industry, soil reclamation has had variable success in re-establishing native vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions. We tested whether variable success could be due in part to a decrease of seed reserves during the reclamation process by measuring the change in abundance of germinable seed when surface soil was mechanically collected, stored in a soil pile for 4 months, and reapplied upon completion of a roadway. Overall seed reserve declines amounted to 86% of the original germinable seed in the soil. The greatest decrease in seed reserves occurred during soil collection (79% of original reserves), compared to the storage and reapplication stages. At nearby sites where stored surface soil had been reapplied, no perennial plant cover occurred from 0.5 to 5 years after application and1% cover after 7 years compared to 5% cover in nearby undisturbed areas. The reduction in abundance of germinable seed during reclamation was primarily due to dilution of seed reserves when deeper soil fractions without seed were mixed with the surface soil during collection. Unless more precise techniques of surface soil collection are utilized, soil reclamation alone as a means for preserving native seed reserves is a method ill-suited for revegetating disturbed soils with a shallow seed bank, such as those found in the Mojave Desert. C1 [Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Scoles-Sciulla, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM sscoles@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); Western Ecological Research Center; Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA) FX Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Western Ecological Research Center, and in-kind contributions from Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA), including all costs and logistics associated with the removal, storage, and application of surface soil. We thank Alice Newton, Dona LeNoue, Shirley Yoon, and Sarah Stevens with the National Park Service for their assistance during all phases of this research project. We also thank Sara Eckert, Todd Esque, Kim Goodwin, Dustin Haines, and Jason Williams of the USGS for their help in the field and greenhouse. Scott Wolfert, project engineer from the Central Federal Lands Highway Division of the Federal Highway Administration, worked to accommodate our sampling and design needs. Catherine Bukowski, Elizabeth Burgieres, and Nira Salant from the Student Conservation Association (SCA) assisted with data collection. Julie Yee provided valuable statistical advice, and the manuscript was strengthened by the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 AR PII 907831561 DI 10.1080/15324980802598698 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 394UN UT WOS:000262476000001 ER PT J AU Garcia, V Conway, CJ AF Garcia, Victoria Conway, Courtney J. TI WHAT CONSTITUTES A NESTING ATTEMPT? VARIATION IN CRITERIA CAUSES BIAS AND HINDERS COMPARISONS ACROSS STUDIES SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; Burrowing Owl; cavity nesting; daily nest survival; nest monitoring; nesting attempt; nesting success ID BURROWING OWLS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MAYFIELD METHOD; PRAIRIE; PRODUCTIVITY; POPULATION; SELECTION; SPARROWS; ECOLOGY; OREGON AB Because reliable estimates of nesting success are very important to avian studies, the definition of a "successful nest" and the use of different analytical methods to estimate success have received much attention. By contrast, variation in the criteria used to determine whether an occupied site that did not produce offspring contained a nesting attempt is a source of bias that has been largely ignored. This problem is especially severe in studies that deal with species whose nest contents are relatively inaccessible because observers cannot determine whether or not an egg was laid for a large proportion of occupied sites. Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) often lay their eggs :3 m below ground, so past Burrowing Owl studies have used a variety of criteria to determine whether a nesting attempt was initiated. We searched the literature to document the extent of that variation and examined how that variation influenced estimates of daily nest survival. We found 13 different sets of criteria used by previous authors and applied each criterion to our data set of 1,300 occupied burrows. We found significant variation in estimates of daily nest survival depending on the criteria used. Moreover, differences in daily nest survival among populations were apparent using some sets of criteria but not others. These inconsistencies may lead to incorrect conclusions and invalidate comparisons of the productivity and relative site quality among populations. We encourage future authors working on cavity-, canopy-, or burrow-nesting birds to provide specific details on the criteria they used to identify a nesting attempt. Received 6 December 2006, accepted 15 June 2008. C1 [Garcia, Victoria; Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Garcia, V (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, 325 BioSci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM vga@email.arizona.edu NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.06259 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 409EJ UT WOS:000263488700003 ER PT J AU Converse, SJ Kendall, WL Doherty, PF Ryan, PG AF Converse, Sarah J. Kendall, William L. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. Ryan, Peter G. TI MULTISTATE MODELS FOR ESTIMATION OF SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION IN THE GREY-HEADED ALBATROSS (THALASSARCHE CHRYSOSTOMA) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Grey-headed Albatross; mark-recapture; open robust design; temporary emigration; Thalassarche chrysostoma; unobservable state ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ROBUST DESIGN; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOUTH-GEORGIA; BIRD-ISLAND AB Reliable in formation on demography is necessary for conservation of albatrosses, the most threatened family of pelagic birds. Albatross survival has been estimated using mark-recapture data and the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model. However, albatross exhibit skipped breeding, violating assumptions of the CJS model. Multistate modeling integrating unobservable states is a promising toot for such situations. We applied multistate models to data on Grey-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma) to evaluate model performance and describe demographic patterns. These included a multistate equivalent of the CJS model (MS-2), including successful and failed breeding states and ignoring temporary emigration, and three versions of a four-state multistate model that accounts for temporary emigration by integrating unobservable states: a model (MS-4) with one sample per breeding season, a robust design model (RDMS-4) with multiple samples per season and geographic closure within the season, and an open robust design model (ORDMS-4) with multiple samples per season and staggered entry and exit of animals within the season. Survival estimates from the MS-2 model were higher than those from the MS-4 model, which resulted in apparent percent relative bias averaging 2.2%. The ORDMS-4 model was more appropriate than the RDMS-4 model, given that staggered entry and exit occurred. Annual survival probability for Grey-headed Albatross at Marion Island was 0.951. +/- 0.006 (SE), and the probability of skipped breeding in a subsequent year averaged 0.938 for successful and 0.163 for failed breeders. We recommend that multistate models with unobservable states, combined with robust-design sampling, be used in studies of species that exhibit temporary emigration. Received 13 November 2007 accepted 25 June 2008. C1 [Converse, Sarah J.; Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Doherty, Paul F., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Peter G.] Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst African Ornithol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Converse, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM sconverse@usgs.gov OI Ryan, Peter/0000-0002-3356-2056; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU Colorado Cooperative Research Unit; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX Field data were collected as part of the South African National Antarctic Programme, through a project headed by R. Crawford. We thank all field personnel, especially B. Dyer, L. Upfold, D. Nel, and G. Jones. We thank J. Hines for assistance with goodness-of-fit testing, and the Colorado Cooperative Research Unit and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center for supporting S.J.C. We thank A. Royle and A. O'Connell, G. Pendleton, and one anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions on a draft of this manuscript. This paper arose from discussions stimulated by the Albatross Demography Working Group, coordinated by H. Caswell and C. Hunter. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is available at www.iucnredlist.org. For the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatross and Petrels, see www.acap.aq. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.07189 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 409EJ UT WOS:000263488700008 ER PT J AU Efford, MG Dawson, DK AF Efford, Murray G. Dawson, Deanna K. TI EFFECT OF DISTANCE-RELATED HETEROGENEITY ON POPULATION SIZE ESTIMATES FROM POINT COUNTS SO AUK LA English DT Article DE bias; capture-recapture; distance-related heterogeneity; mixture models; point counts; repeated counts ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MIXTURE-MODELS; CLOSED POPULATION; BIRD ABUNDANCE; TRANSECT SURVEYS; VISIBILITY BIAS; AERIAL SURVEYS; BREEDING BIRD; DENSITY AB Point counts are used widely to index bird populations. Variation in the proportion of birds counted is a known source of error, and for robust inference it has been advocated that counts be converted to estimates of absolute population size. We used simulation to assess nine methods for the conduct and analysis of point counts when the data included distance-related heterogeneity of individual detection probability. Distance from the observer is a ubiquitous source of heterogeneity, because nearby birds are more easily detected than distant ones. Several recent methods (dependent double-observer, time of first detection, time of detection, independent multiple-observer, and repeated counts) do not account for distance-related heterogeneity, at least in their simpler forms. We assessed bias in estimates of population size by simulating counts with fixed radius w over four time intervals (occasions). Detection probability per occasion was modeled as a half-normal function of distance with scale parameter sigma and intercept g(0) = 1.0. Bias varied with sigma/w; values of sigma inferred from published studies were often <25 m, which suggests a bias of >50% for a 100-m fixed-radius count. More critically, the bias of adjusted counts sometimes varied more than that of unadjusted counts, and inference from adjusted counts would be less robust. The problem was not solved by using mixture models or including distance as a covariate. Conventional distance sampling performed well in simulations, but its assumptions are difficult to meet in the field. We conclude that no existing method allows effective estimation of population size from point counts. Received 29 November 2007 accepted 1 July 2008. C1 [Efford, Murray G.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Dawson, Deanna K.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Efford, MG (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Zool, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM murray.efford@otago.ac.nz NR 52 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.07197 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 409EJ UT WOS:000263488700010 ER PT J AU Chandler, RB King, DI DeStefano, S AF Chandler, Richard B. King, David I. DeStefano, Stephen TI SCRUB-SHRUB BIRD HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES IN BEAVER MEADOWS IN MASSACHUSETTS SO AUK LA English DT Article DE American Beaver; Castor canadensis; detectability; early-successional habitat; N-mixture model; shrubland ID NEW-HAMPSHIRE; WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS; REPLICATED COUNTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; HARDWOOD FOREST; MIXTURE-MODELS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; CLEAR-CUT; LAND-USE AB Most scrub-shrub bird species are declining in the northeastern United States, and these declines are largely attributed to regional declines in habitat availability. American Beaver (Castor canadensis; hereafter "beaver") populations have been increasing in the Northeast in recent decades, and beavers create scrub-shrub habitat through their dam-building and foraging activities. Few systematic studies have been conducted on the value of beaver-modified habitats for scrub-shrub birds, and these data are important for understanding habitat selection of scrub-shrub birds as well as for assessing regional habitat availability for these species. We conducted surveys in 37 beaver meadows in a 2,800-km(2) study area in western Massachusetts during 2005 and 2006 to determine the extent to which these beaver-modified habitats are used by scrub-shrub birds, as well as the characteristics of beaver meadows most closely related to bird use. We modeled bird abundance in relation to microhabitat-, patch-, and landscape-context variables while adjusting for survey-specific covariates affecting detectability using N-mixture models. We found that scrub-shrub birds of regional conservation concern occupied these sites and that birds responded differently to microhabitat, patch, and landscape characteristics of beaver meadows. Generally, scrub-shrub birds increased in abundance along a gradient of increasing vegetation complexity, and three species were positively related to patch size. We conclude that these habitats can potentially play an important role in regional conservation of scrub-shrub birds and recommend that conservation priority be given to larger beaver meadows with diverse vegetation structure and composition. Received 8 May 2008, accepted 1 October 2008. C1 [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Chandler, RB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, 204 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rchandler@nrc.umass.edu RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank C. Chandler and J. Strules for their excellent field work. Reviewers M. Alldredge and T. Folk provided valuable comments. C. Boal and D. E. Anderson reviewed an earlier version of the paper. This research would not have been possible without the permission given by many generous landowners. Funding was provided by Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife and U.S. Geological Survey. MassGIS digital infrared orthophotographs are available at ww.mass.gov/mgis/colororthos2001.htm. MassGIS statewide land-cover layers are available at www.mass. gov/mgis/lus.htm. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.08083 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 409EJ UT WOS:000263488700020 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR AF Diefenbach, Duane R. TI ESTIMATING AVIAN POPULATION SIZE USING BOWDEN'S ESTIMATOR SO AUK LA English DT Article DE abundance; banding; Bowden's estimator; mark-resight; population estimation ID ABUNDANCE AB Avian researchers often uniquely mark birds, and multiple estimators could be used to estimate population size using individually identified birds. However, most estimators of population size require that all sightings of marked birds be uniquely identified, and many assume homogeneous detection probabilities. Bowden's estimator can incorporate sightings of marked birds that are not uniquely identified and relax assumptions required of other estimators. I used computer simulation to evaluate the performance of Bowden's estimator for situations likely to be encountered in bird studies. When the assumptions of the estimator were met, abundance and variance estimates and confidence-interval coverage were accurate. However, precision was poor for small population sizes (N <= 50) unless a large percentage of the population was marked (>75%) and multiple (>= 8) sighting surveys were conducted. If additional birds are marked after sighting surveys begin, it is important to initially mark a large proportion of the population (p(m) >= 0.5 if N <= 100 or p(m) > 0.1 if N >= 250) and minimize sightings in which birds are not uniquely identified; otherwise, most population estimates will be overestimated by >10%. Bowden's estimator can be useful for avian studies because birds can be resighted multiple times during a single survey, not all sightings of marked birds have to uniquely identify individuals, detection probabilities among birds can vary, and the complete study area does not have to be surveyed. I provide computer code for use with pilot data to design mark-resight surveys to meet desired precision for abundance estimates. Received 4 March 2008, accepted 9 October 2008. C1 Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.08041 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 409EJ UT WOS:000263488700022 ER PT S AU von Huene, R Ranero, CR AF von Huene, R. Ranero, C. R. BE Kay, SM Ramos, VA Dickinson, WR TI Neogene collision and deformation of convergent margins along the backbone of the Americas SO BACKBONE OF THE AMERICAS: SHALLOW SUBDUCTION, PLATEAU UPLIFT, AND RIDGE AND TERRANE COLLISION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Backbone of the Americas - Patagonia to Alaska CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Mendoza, ARGENTINA SP Asoc Geol Argentina, Geol Soc Amer ID SPREADING-RIDGE SUBDUCTION; CHILE TRIPLE JUNCTION; ANGLE SEISMIC DATA; COSTA-RICA; ANDEAN MARGIN; NAZCA RIDGE; FORE-ARC; SEAMOUNT SUBDUCTION; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; TECTONIC EROSION AB Along Pacific convergent margins of the Americas, high-standing relief on the subducting oceanic plate "collides" with continental slopes and subducts. Features common to many collisions are uplift of the continental margin, accelerated seafloor erosion, accelerated basal subduction erosion, a flat slab, and a lack of active volcanism. Each collision along America's margins has exceptions to a single explanation. Subduction of an similar to 600 km segment of the Yakutat terrane is associated with >5000-m-high coastal mountains. The terrane may currently be adding its unsubducted mass to the continent by a seaward jump of the deformation front and could be a model for docking of terranes in the past. Cocos Ridge subduction is associated with >3000-m-high mountains, but its shallow subduction zone is not followed by a flat slab. The entry point of the Nazca and Juan Fernandez Ridges into the subduction zone has migrated southward along the South American margin and the adjacent coast without unusually high mountains. The Nazca Ridge and Juan Fernandez Ridges are not actively spreading but the Chile Rise collision is a triple junction. These collisions form barriers to trench sediment transport and separate accreting from eroding segments of the frontal prism. They also occur at the separation of a flat slab from a steeply dipping one. At a smaller scale, the subduction of seamounts and lesser ridges causes temporary surface uplift as long as they remain attached to the subducting plate. Off Costa Rica, these features remain attached beneath the continental shelf. They illustrate, at a small scale, the processes of collision. C1 [von Huene, R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP von Huene, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Ranero, Cesar/B-9165-2009 NR 82 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1204-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2009 VL 204 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1130/2009.1204(03) PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BMM60 UT WOS:000272826200004 ER PT J AU Tan, Z Tieszen, LL Tachie-Obeng, E Liu, S Dieye, AM AF Tan, Z. Tieszen, L. L. Tachie-Obeng, E. Liu, S. Dieye, A. M. TI Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: land use, management, and climate SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL CARBON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN LIMITATION; SEQUESTRATION; SENEGAL; N2O; CO2 AB We used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) to simulate responses of natural and managed ecosystems to changes in land use and land cover, management, and climate for a forest/savanna transitional zone in central Ghana. Model results show that deforestation for crop production during the 20th century resulted in a substantial reduction in ecosystem carbon (C) stock from 135.4 Mg C ha(-1) in 1900 to 77.0 Mg Cha(-1) in 2000, and in soil organic C stock within the top 20 cm of soil from 26.6 Mg C ha(-1) to 21.2 Mg C ha(-1). If no land use change takes place from 2000 through 2100, low and high climate change scenarios (increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over time) will result in losses of soil organic C stock by 16% and 20%, respectively. A low nitrogen (N) fertilization rate is the principal constraint on current crop production. An increase in N fertilization under the low climate change scenario would lead to an increase in the average crop yield by 21% with 30 kg N ha(-1) and by 42% with 60 kg N ha(-1) (varying with crop species), accordingly, the average soil C stock would decrease by 2% and increase by 17%, in all cropping systems by 2100. The results suggest that a reasonable N fertilization rate is critical to achieve food security and agricultural sustainability in the study area through the 21st century. Adaptation strategies for climate change in this study area require national plans to support policies and practices that provide adequate N fertilizers to sustain soil C and crop yields and to consider high temperature tolerant crop species if these temperature projections are exceeded. C1 [Tan, Z.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SAIC & ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Tachie-Obeng, E.] Ghana Environm Protect Agcy, Accra, Ghana. [Liu, S.; Dieye, A. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Tan, Z (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SAIC & ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 FU US Agency for International Development (USAID)/Climate Change program; Bureaus for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade (EGAT) and Africa Bureau; USGS [03CRCN0001] FX This is a contribution of SEMSOC (AEGP00 030 001 300), funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID)/Climate Change program, Bureaus for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade (EGAT) and Africa Bureau. Research was integrated with the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) and the Earth Surface Dynamics programs of the USGS. The authors thank Zhengpeng Li for assistance in model implementation. Zhengxi Tan was supported under USGS contract 03CRCN0001. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 400XM UT WOS:000262902700005 ER PT J AU Zhao, SQ Liu, S Li, Z Sohl, TL AF Zhao, S. Q. Liu, S. Li, Z. Sohl, T. L. TI Ignoring detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use overestimates regional terrestrial carbon sequestration SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FOREST BIOMASS; COVER CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; MODEL; VEGETATION AB Land use change is critical in determining the distribution, magnitude and mechanisms of terrestrial carbon budgets at the local to global scales. To date, almost all regional to global carbon cycle studies are driven by a static land use map or land use change statistics with decadal time intervals. The biases in quantifying carbon exchange between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere caused by using such land use change information have not been investigated. Here, we used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS), along with consistent and spatially explicit land use change scenarios with different intervals (1 yr, 5 yrs, 10 yrs and static, respectively), to evaluate the impacts of land use change data frequency on estimating regional carbon sequestration in the southeastern United States. Our results indicate that ignoring the detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use can lead to a significant overestimation of carbon uptake by the terrestrial ecosystem. Regional carbon sequestration increased from 0.27 to 0.69, 0.80 and 0.97 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) when land use change data frequency shifting from 1 year to 5 years, 10 years interval and static land use information, respectively. Carbon removal by forest harvesting and prolonged cumulative impacts of historical land use change on carbon cycle accounted for the differences in carbon sequestration between static and dynamic land use change scenarios. The results suggest that it is critical to incorporate the detailed dynamics of land use change into local to global carbon cycle studies. Otherwise, it is impossible to accurately quantify the geographic distributions, magnitudes, and mechanisms of terrestrial carbon sequestration at the local to global scales. C1 [Zhao, S. Q.] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhao, S. Q.; Li, Z.] Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, USGS, Arctic Slope Reg Corp ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhao, SQ (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM sqzhao@urban.pku.edu.cn OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU Department of Defense [SI-1642]; US Geological Survey [08HQCN0007]; Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD); Peking University FX This study is supported by the Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) (project SI-1642), and US Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) and the Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD) Programs. We thank S. Poppenga and B. Worstell for their help on getting the CTWI data. S. Q. Zhao acknowledges the support of the Outstanding Young Fellow Program of Peking University.; Work performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0007. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1647 EP 1654 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 489FH UT WOS:000269405000019 ER PT J AU Andersson, AJ Kuffner, IB Mackenzie, FT Jokiel, PL Rodgers, KS Tan, A AF Andersson, A. J. Kuffner, I. B. Mackenzie, F. T. Jokiel, P. L. Rodgers, K. S. Tan, A. TI Net Loss of CaCO3 from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: mesocosm-scale experimental evidence SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CORAL-REEFS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; CALCIFICATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DISSOLUTION; METABOLISM; PCO(2) AB Acidification of seawater owing to oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 originating from human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and land-use changes has raised serious concerns regarding its adverse effects on corals and calcifying communities. Here we demonstrate a net loss of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) material as a result of decreased calcification and increased carbonate dissolution from replicated subtropical coral reef communities (n=3) incubated in continuous-flow mesocosms subject to future seawater conditions. The calcifying community was dominated by the coral Montipora capitata. Daily average community calcification or Net Ecosystem Calcification (NEC=CaCO3 production - dissolution) was positive at 3.3 mmol CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) under ambient seawater pCO(2) conditions as opposed to negative at -0.04 mmol CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) under seawater conditions of double the ambient pCO(2). These experimental results provide support for the conclusion that some net calcifying communities could become subject to net dissolution in response to anthropogenic ocean acidification within this century. Nevertheless, individual corals remained healthy, actively calcified (albeit slower than at present rates), and deposited significant amounts of CaCO3 under the prevailing experimental seawater conditions of elevated pCO(2). C1 [Andersson, A. J.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Kuffner, I. B.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Mackenzie, F. T.; Tan, A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jokiel, P. L.; Rodgers, K. S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. RP Andersson, AJ (reprint author), Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. EM andreas.andersson@bios.edu RI Kuffner, Ilsa/A-6416-2008; OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 FU NSF [ATM 04-39051, EAR 02-23509, OCE 07-49401]; USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Ecosystem program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology program; EPA Star [R832224-010]; NOAA National Ocean Service; FNRS of the Belgium-French community FX We are very grateful for the reviews from Joanie Kleypas and one anonymous reviewer as well as comments provided by Associate Editor Jean-Pierre Gattuso that significantly improved an initial draft of this manuscript. This work was partially supported by NSF (Grants ATM 04-39051, EAR 02-23509, and OCE 07-49401, FTM), USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Ecosystem program and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology program (IBK), EPA Star (R832224-010) and NOAA National Ocean Service (PLJ). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. FTM also gratefully acknowledges partial support from a grant from the FNRS of the Belgium-French community. NR 60 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2009 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1811 EP 1823 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 489FH UT WOS:000269405000029 ER PT J AU McDermott, ME Wood, PB AF McDermott, Molly E. Wood, Petra Bohall TI Short- and long-term implications of clearcut and two-age silviculture for conservation of breeding forest birds in the central Appalachians, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Deferment; Early-successional; Even-aged harvesting; Mature-forest birds; Regeneration; Temporal effects ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GROUP-SELECTION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; HARDWOOD FORESTS; WEST-VIRGINIA; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES AB Two-age (deferment or leave tree) harvesting is used increasingly in even-aged forest management, but long-term responses of breeding avifauna to retention of residual canopy trees have not been investigated. Breeding bird surveys completed in 1994-1996 in two-age and clearcut harvests in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia, USA allowed us to document long-term changes in these stands. In 2005 and 2006, we conducted point counts in mature unharvested forest stands and in 19-26 year-old clearcut and two-age harvests from the original study and in younger clearcut and two-age stands (6-10 years old). We found differences in breeding bird metrics among these five treatments and temporal differences in the original stands. Although early-successional species are typically absent from group selection cuts, they were almost as common in young two-age stands as clearcuts, supporting two-age harvests as an alternative to clearcutting. Although older harvests had lower species richness and diversity, they were beginning to provide habitat for some species of late-successional forest songbirds that were absent or uncommon in young harvests. overall, late-successional forest-interior species were more flexible in their use of different seral stages; several species used both age classes and harvest types in addition to mature forest, which may reflect the lack of edges in our heavily-forested landscape. Consequently, two-age management provides habitat for a diverse group of species as these stands mature and may be an ecologically sustainable alternative to clearcutting in landscapes where brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are uncommon. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McDermott, Molly E.; Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP McDermott, ME (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, POB 6125,322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mollyemcdermott@gmail.com; pbwood@wvu.edu RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 FU US Forest Service; Monongahela National Forest FX Funding was provided by the US Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest. The US Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit provided field vehicles, equipment access, and logistical support. West Virginia University provided logistical support. We thank M. Shumar for help collecting point count data. J. Duguay, C. Johnson, and J. Anderson provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 142 IS 1 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.016 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396MX UT WOS:000262596900019 ER PT B AU Smith, DR Millard, MJ Carmichael, RH AF Smith, David R. Millard, Michael J. Carmichael, Ruth H. BE Tanacredi, JT Botton, ML Smith, DR TI Comparative Status and Assessment of Limulus polyphemus with Emphasis on the New England and Delaware Bay Populations SO BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF HORSESHOE CRABS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Science and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs CY JUN 11-17, 2007 CL Dowling Coll, Oakdale, NY SP VT, NY DEC, Sea Grant, Woods Hole, Sea Grant, New York, USGS HO Dowling Coll ID ATLANTIC HORSESHOE-CRAB; CAPE-COD; ESTUARINE BEACH; PLEASANT BAY; BODY-SIZE; ABUNDANCE; MASSACHUSETTS; USA; RESOURCE; MOVEMENT AB Increases in harvest of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) during the 1990s, particularly for whelk bait, Coupled with decreases in species that depend on their eggs has reduced horseshoe crab abundance, threatened their ecological relationships, and dictated precautionary management of the horseshoe crab resource. Accordingly, population assessments and monitoring programs have been developed throughout much of the horseshoe crab's range. We review and discuss implications for several recent assessments of Delaware Bay and New England Populations and a meta-analysis of region-specific trends. These assessments show that the western Atlantic distribution of the horseshoe crab is comprised of regional or estuarine-specific meta-populations, which exhibit distinct population dynamics and require management as separate units. Modeling of Delaware Bay and Cape Cod populations confirmed that overharvest caused declines, but indicated that some harvest levels are sustainable and consistent with population growth. Coast-wide harvest was reduced by 70% from 1998 to 2006, with the greatest reductions within Delaware Bay states. Harvest regulations in Delaware Bay starting in the late 1990s, Such as harvest quotas, seasonal closures, male-only harvest, voluntary use of bait-saving devices, and establishment of the Carl N. Shuster Jr. Horseshoe Crab Reserve, were followed by stabilization and recent evidence or increase in abundance of horseshoe crabs in the region. However, decreased harvest of the Delaware Bay Population has redirected harvest to outlying populations, particularly in New York and New England. While the recent Delaware Bay assessments indicate positive population growth, increased harvest elsewhere is believed to be unsustainable. Two important considerations for future assessments include (1) managing Delaware Bay horseshoe crab Populations within a multi-species context, for example, to help support migratory shorebirds and (2) anticipating the potential for harvest restrictions within Delaware Bay to redirect harvest onto outlying Populations that cannot sustain the increased harvest. C1 [Smith, David R.; Millard, Michael J.; Carmichael, Ruth H.] US Geol Survey, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-89958-9 PY 2009 BP 361 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89959-6_23 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BKX19 UT WOS:000269519400023 ER PT S AU Streif, B AF Streif, Bianca BE Brown, LR Chase, SD Mesa, MG Beamish, RJ Moyle, PB TI Considering Pacific Lampreys When Implementing Instream Activities SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND CONSERVATION OF LAMPREYS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Fisheries-Society Symposium 72 on Biology and Conservation of Lampreys in North America CY SEP 06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Efforts to minimize negative effects to fish species during instream activities generally do not consider the life history characteristics of native nongame fish species, particularly lamprey. While there is still much to be learned about Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus (formerly Lampetra tridentata) distribution, abundance, and status, the need to actively conserve lampreys is evident. Populations of the Pacific lamprey have been reduced in many river drainages along the West Coast of the United States. The purposes of this paper are to raise awareness of the need to consider Pacific lampreys in project implementation and to stimulate development of methods to address instream project impacts. Projects that alter passage, change flow hydraulics, alter stream substrates, and/or decrease habitat complexity can negatively affect lampreys. Of particular importance to lampreys are low velocity areas where larvae (ammocoetes) live in the substrate as filter feeders for 3-7 years. Since several age-classes of ammocoetes may congregate in high densities, a single dewatering event during construction activities may have a significant effect on a local lamprey population. Methods to reduce effects to the various life history stages of lampreys are just beginning to be investigated and developed. However, basic measures for lamprey conservation will also benefit other aquatic species by providing for a diversity of habitats and stream structure, and complex velocity distributions, while also appropriately modifying the duration and timing of instream actions. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. RP Streif, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. EM bianca_streif@fws.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-13-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 72 BP 255 EP 268 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BOX95 UT WOS:000277990500015 ER PT S AU Mesa, MG Copeland, ES AF Mesa, Matthew G. Copeland, Elizabeth S. BE Brown, LR Chase, SD Mesa, MG Beamish, RJ Moyle, PB TI Critical Uncertainties and Research Needs for the Restoration and Conservation of Native Lampreys in North America SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND CONSERVATION OF LAMPREYS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Fisheries-Society Symposium 72 on Biology and Conservation of Lampreys in North America CY SEP 06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID JUVENILE PACIFIC LAMPREY; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; MICROSATELLITE GENOTYPES; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; PETROMYZONTIDAE AB We briefly reviewed the literature, queried selected researchers, and drew upon our own experience to describe some critical uncertainties and research needs for the conservation and restoration of native lampreys in North America. We parsed the uncertainties and research needs into five general categories: (1) population status; (2) systematics; (3) passage at darns, screens, and other structures; (4) species identification in the field; and (5) general biology and ecology. For each topic, we describe why the subject is important for lampreys, briefly summarize our current state of knowledge, and discuss the key data or information gaps. C1 [Mesa, Matthew G.; Copeland, Elizabeth S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-13-4 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2009 VL 72 BP 311 EP 321 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BOX95 UT WOS:000277990500019 ER PT J AU Piazza, BP Piehler, MK Gossman, BP La Peyre, MK La Peyre, JE AF Piazza, Bryan P. Piehler, Mason K. Gossman, Bryan P. La Peyre, Megan K. La Peyre, Jerome E. TI OYSTER RECRUITMENT AND GROWTH ON AN ELECTRIFIED ARTIFICIAL REEF STRUCTURE IN GRAND ISLE, LOUISIANA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALCIFICATION; SURVIVAL; PROTECTION; DEPOSITION; OPTIONS C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS,Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Jerome E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS,Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Sea Grant Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program FX This work was supported by a grant to M. Piehler from the Louisiana Sea Grant Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program. We thank T. Goreau for help in experimental reef set-up and for helpful discussions regarding past work and observations related to the Biorock (TM) system. We thank M. Miller for technical assistance and help in locating an appropriate power source. We thank J. Supan for supplying juvenile oysters. We thank W. Gayle for help in data entry and graphical presentation of the data. Use of BioRock (TM) technique for creation of the experimental units does not imply endorsement of the process by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of Interior. LSU AgCenter (contribution number 2008-242-2095). NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 390UF UT WOS:000262188500004 ER PT J AU Gardner, AL Carleton, MD AF Gardner, Alfred L. Carleton, Michael D. TI A New Species of Reithrodontomys, Subgenus Aporodon (Cricetidae: Neotominae), from the Highlands of Costa Rica, with Comments on Costa Rican and Panamanian Reithrodontomys SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article ID HARVEST MICE REITHRODONTOMYS; MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; MUROID RODENTS; MURIDAE; SIGMODONTINAE; ZYGODONTOMYS; PATTERNS; MAMMALS; MEXICO AB A new species of the rodent genus Reithrodontomys (Cricetidae: Neotominae) is described from Cerro Asuncion in the western Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. The long tail, elongate rostrum, bulbous braincase, and complex molars of the new species associate it with members of the subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group. In its diminutive size and aspects of cranial shape, the new species (Reithrodontomys musseri, sp. nov.) most closely resembles R. microdon, a form known from highlands in Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico. In the course of differentially diagnosing the new species, we necessarily reviewed the Costa Rican and Panamanian subspecies of R. mexicanus based on morphological comparisons, study of paratypes and vouchers used in recent molecular studies, and morphometric analyses. We recognize Reithrodontomys cherrii (Allen, 1891) and R. garichensis finders and Pearson, 1940, as valid species, and allocate R. mexicanus potrerograndei Goodwin, 1945, as a subjective synonym of R. brevirostris Goodwin, 1943. Critical review of museum specimens collected subsequent to Hooper's (1952) revision is needed and would do much to improve understanding of Reithrodontomys taxonomy and distribution in Middle America. C1 [Gardner, Alfred L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Survey Unit, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Carleton, Michael D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gardner, AL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Survey Unit, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM gardnera@si.edu; carletonm@si.edu FU NIH [AI-00007] FX The specimen of Reithrodontomys musseri seas collected while Gardner held an appointment as a Fellow in Tropical Medicine with the International Center for Medical Research and Training at Louisiana State University during 1966 and 1967, supported by NIH grant No. AI-00007. We express Our appreciation to the following individuals who made specimens available: Chris Conroy, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; Ned Gilmore, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Mark Hafner, Museum of Natural Sciences, Louisiana State University; Philip Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; and Robert Voss, Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History. This study was greatly facilitated by the fine series of R. microdon recently collected in the Guatemalan highlands by John Matson, San Jose State University, and Walter Bulmer and Ralph Eckerlin, Northern Virginia Community College, Annandale. Finally, we thank David G. Huckaby, Long Beach State University, and Duke S. Rogers, Brigham Young University, for critically reviewing the manuscript and tending helpful suggestions that improved its comprehension. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0090 EI 1937-3546 J9 B AM MUS NAT HIST JI Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. PY 2009 IS 331 BP 157 EP 182 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535JD UT WOS:000272963500006 ER PT S AU Taylor, JF Brezinski, DK Repetski, JE Welsh, NM AF Taylor, John F. Brezinski, David K. Repetski, John E. Welsh, Nicholas M. BE Laurie, JR Brock, GA Paterson, JR TI TheAdamstown Submergence Event: faunal and sedimentological record of a late Cambrian (Furongian) transgression in the Appalachian Region SO CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN STUDIES III SE Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cambrian; Furongian; trilobites; Appalachians; transgression; sedimentology; biostratigraphy ID PLATFORM CARBONATES; MICROBIAL REEFS; NORTH-AMERICA; TRILOBITES; ORDOVICIAN; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; TREMPEALEAUAN; CONOCOCHEAGUE; LIMESTONES; MORPHOLOGY AB The base of the Adamstown Member of the Frederick Formation, a thick succession of slope and basin-floor facies in Maryland, records flooding of the Appalachian shelf along the southern margin of Laurentia by a third- or fourth-order sea level rise in the middle Furongian (medial late Cambrian), a transgression here designated the Adamstown Submergence Event (ASE). Trilobites recently recovered from a coarse grainstone at the top of the underlying Rocky Springs Station Member, a thick lowstand systems tract deposited during the drawdown(s) that preceded the ASE, allow precise correlation with age-equivalent horizons in coeval slope deposits in Newfoundland, platform deposits in eastern New York State, and the immediately adjacent, cyclic peritidal platform-margin succession only tens of kilometers to the west in Maryland. Together with new trilobite and conodont data from the Thrombolite Ill interval in the Conococheague Formation, the fauna from the top of the Rocky Springs Station Member dates the ASE as most likely a latest Early Sunwaptan event that occurred during deposition of the highest beds of the Saratogia Zone in the platform succession, although an earliest Late Sunwaptan (basal Sankia Zone) age cannot be ruled out. Several of the species described here from the Frederick and Conococheague Formations have not previously been reported from the central Appalachians or anywhere else in eastern North America. The widespread, regional signature of the ASE in both the deep water and platform successions along the length of the Appalachians suggests a eustatic cause and excellent potential for recognition in other sedimentary basins both within and outside Laurentia. The new biostratigraphic data establish that the ASE occurred during deposition of strata near the middle of the Iverian Stage in Australia, within global Stage 9 of the international Cambrian time scale. Published sea level curves for this time interval include no eustatic, third order sea level rise, indicating that either these curves require revision, or the ASE was smaller in scale (fourth-order) and/or a product of regional tectonics, rather than ecstasy. C1 [Taylor, John F.; Welsh, Nicholas M.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Brezinski, David K.] Maryland Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Repetski, John E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Taylor, JF (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. EM jftaylor@iup.edu NR 99 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC AUSTRALASIAN PALAEONTOLOGISTS PI CANBERRA PA GEOSCIENCE AUSTRIALIA, GPO BOX 378, CANBERRA, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0810-8889 BN 978-0-949466-35-8 J9 MEM ASSOC AUSTRALAS JI Mem. Assoc. Australas. Palaeont. PY 2009 VL 37 BP 641 EP 667 PG 27 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BNM24 UT WOS:000274937300029 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Cluff, HD AF Mech, L. David Cluff, H. Dean TI Long Daily Movements of Wolves, Canis lupus, During Pup Rearing SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wolf; Canis lupus; movements; travel; den; foraging; Ellesmere Island; Nunavat ID MARKING; WOLF AB Wolves, Canis lupus, on Ellesmere Island traveled a daily round-trip distance of 40.2 km from their den to a landfill during July 2008, plus an undetermined distance hunting after leaving the landfill. Although long travels by Wolves are well known, this appears to be the first documentation of long daily movements by Wolves rearing pups. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Cluff, H. Dean] Govt NW Terr, N Slave Reg Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP), and Atmospheric Environment Services of Canada provided logistical support. The following reviewed the manuscript and offered helpful suggestions for its improvement: D. MacNulty, and S. Barber-Meyer. This is PCSP/EPCP paper 03808. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 123 IS 1 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617QN UT WOS:000279296000008 ER PT J AU Dusel-Bacon, C Williams, IS AF Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia Williams, Ian S. TI Evidence for prolonged mid-Paleozoic plutonism and ages of crustal sources in east-central Alaska from SHRIMP U-Pb dating of syn-magmatic, inherited, and detrital zircon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; MIOGEOCLINAL STRATA; GRENVILLE OROGEN; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AR-40/AR-39 DATA; NORTH-AMERICA; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EVOLUTION; PROVENANCE AB Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb analyses of igneous zircons from the Lake George assemblage in the eastern Yukon-Tanana Upland (Tanacross quadrangle) indicate both Late Devonian (similar to 370 Ma) and Early Mississippian (similar to 350 Ma) magmatic pulses. The zircons occur in four textural variants of granitic orthogneiss from a large area of muscovite-biotite augen gneiss. Granitic orthogneiss from the nearby Fiftymile batholith, which straddles the Alaska-Yukon border, yielded a similar range in zircon U-Pb ages, suggesting that both the Fiftymile batholith and the Tanacross orthogneiss body consist of multiple intrusions. We interpret the overall tectonic setting for the Late Devonian and Early Mississippian magmatism as an extending continental margin (broad back-arc region) inboard of a northeast-dipping (present coordinates) subduction zone. New SHRIMP U-Pb ages of inherited zircon cores in the Tanacross orthogneisses and of detrital zircons from quartzite from the Jarvis belt in the Alaska Range (Mount Hayes quadrangle) include major 2.0-1.7 Ga clusters and lesser 2.7-2.3 Ga clusters, with subordinate 3.2, 1.4, and 1.1 Ga clusters in some orthogneiss samples. For the most part, these inherited and core U-Pb ages match those of basement provinces of the western Canadian Shield and indicate widespread potential sources within western Laurentia for most grain populations; these ages also match the detrital zircon reference for the northern North American miogeocline and support a correlation between the two areas. C1 [Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Williams, Ian S.] Australian Natl Univ, Coll Phys Sci, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Dusel-Bacon, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 901,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cdusel@usgs.gov RI SHRIMP, ANU/F-5312-2011; Williams, Ian/F-4302-2012 OI Williams, Ian/0000-0003-4465-6493 NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.1139/E09-005 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 429BY UT WOS:000264897000003 ER PT J AU Zhao, YM Jones, ML Shuter, BJ Roseman, EF AF Zhao, Yingming Jones, Michael L. Shuter, Brian J. Roseman, Edward F. TI A biophysical model of Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus) explains interannual variations in recruitment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CISCO COREGONUS-AUTUMNALIS; FRESH-WATER FISH; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; EGG DEPOSITION; LARVAL WALLEYE; SURVIVAL; MARINE; WIND; HABITATS; BEHAVIOR AB We used a three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic-ecological model to investigate how lake currents can affect walleye (Sander vitreus) recruitment in western Lake Erie. Four years were selected based on a fall recruitment index: two high recruitment years (i.e., 1996 and 1999) and two low recruitment years (i.e., 1995 and 1998). During the low recruitment years, the model predicted that (i) walleye spawning grounds experienced destructive bottom currents capable of dislodging eggs from suitable habitats (reefs) to unsuitable habitats (i. e., muddy bottom), and (ii) the majority of newly hatched larvae were transported away from the known suitable nursery grounds at the start of their first feeding. Conversely, during two high recruitment years, predicted bottom currents at the spawning grounds were relatively weak, and the predicted movement of newly hatched larvae was toward suitable nursery grounds. Thus, low disturbance-based egg mortality and a temporal and spatial match between walleye first feeding larvae and their food resources were predicted for the two high recruitment years, and high egg mortality plus a mismatch of larvae with their food resources was predicted for the two low recruitment years. In general, mild westerly or southwesterly winds during the spawning-nursery period should favour walleye recruitment in the lake. C1 [Roseman, Edward F.] USGS Great Lake Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Zhao, Yingming; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Shuter, Brian J.] Univ Toronto, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Harkness Lab Fisheries Res, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. RP Zhao, YM (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, Lake Erie Fishery Stn, 320 Milo Rd, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada. EM yingming.zhao@ontario.ca RI Shuter, Brian/A-3991-2008; OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Canada-Ontario Agreement (COA) on Lake and Basin Sustainability FX We extend our thanks for all of the technical support from Jorg Imberger's research group in Centre for Water Research of University of Western Australia, especially Jason Antenucci, Matthew Hipsey, Chris Dallimore, and Jose Romero. We also thank Luis Leon, Robert Hecky, and Ralph Smith for providing data and many interesting discussions. The comments from three anonymous reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. Li Wang assisted us to process the meteorological data and GIS modelling. Financial support was from US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to M. L. J. and B. J. S and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Canada-Ontario Agreement (COA) on Lake and Basin Sustainability grants to Y. Z. This is contribution 1487of the Great Lake Science Center and 2009-04 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 114 EP 125 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429YY UT WOS:000264957200011 ER PT S AU McKenzie, JM Siegel, DI Rosenberry, DO AF McKenzie, Jeffrey M. Siegel, Donald I. Rosenberry, Donald O. BE Baird, AJ Belyea, LR Comas, X Reeve, AS Slater, LD TI Improving Conceptual Models of Water and Carbon Transfer Through Peat SO CARBON CYCLING IN NORTHERN PEATLANDS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAKE-AGASSIZ PEATLANDS; LOST RIVER PEATLAND; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HUDSON-BAY LOWLAND; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PORE-WATER; LABORATORY COLUMNS; METHANE PRODUCTION AB Northern peatlands store 500 x 10(15) g of organic carbon and are very sensitive to climate change. There is a strong conceptual model of sources, sinks, and pathways of carbon within peatlands, but challenges remain both in understanding the hydrogeology and the linkages between carbon cycling and peat pore water flow. In this chapter, research findings from the glacial Lake Agassiz peatlands are used to develop a conceptual framework for peatland hydrogeology and identify four challenges related to northern peatlands yet to be addressed: (1) develop a better understanding of the extent and net impact of climate-driven groundwater flushing in peatlands; (2) quantify the complexities of heterogeneity on pore water flow and, in particular, reconcile contradictions between peatland hydrogeologic interpretations and isotopic data; (3) understand the hydrogeologic implications of free-phase methane production, entrapment, and release in peatlands; and (4) quantify the impact of arctic and subarctic warming on peatland hydrogeology and its linkage to carbon cycling. C1 [McKenzie, Jeffrey M.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Siegel, Donald I.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP McKenzie, JM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. EM jeffrey.mckenzie@mcgill.ca OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-449-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 184 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1029/2008GM000821 D2 10.1029/GM184 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Soil Science SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Agriculture GA BUH79 UT WOS:000289379100020 ER PT S AU Sundquist, ET Ackerman, KV Parker, L Huntzinger, DN AF Sundquist, Eric T. Ackerman, Katherine V. Parker, Lauren Huntzinger, Deborah N. BE McPherson, BJ Sundquist, ET TI An Introduction to Global Carbon Cycle Management SO CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND ITS ROLE IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREENHOUSE-GAS MITIGATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LAND-COVER; UNDERGROUND-STORAGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; SOIL-EROSION; DEEP-SEA; DIOXIDE AB Past and current human activities have fundamentally altered the global carbon cycle. Potential future efforts to control atmospheric CO2 will also involve significant changes in the global carbon cycle. Carbon cycle scientists and engineers now face not only the difficulties of recording and understanding past and present changes but also the challenge of providing information and tools for new management strategies that are responsive to societal needs. The challenge is nothing less than managing the global carbon cycle. C1 [Sundquist, Eric T.; Ackerman, Katherine V.; Parker, Lauren] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Huntzinger, Deborah N.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sundquist, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Quissett Campus, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM esundqui@usgs.gov; esundqui@usgs.gov NR 159 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-448-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 183 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1029/2009GM000914 D2 10.1029/GM183 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOG53 UT WOS:000276577500002 ER PT S AU McPherson, BJ Sundquist, ET AF McPherson, Brian J. Sundquist, Eric T. BE McPherson, BJ Sundquist, ET TI Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle PREFACE SO CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND ITS ROLE IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [McPherson, Brian J.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sundquist, Eric T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP McPherson, BJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-448-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 183 BP VII EP VII DI 10.1029/2009GM000911 D2 10.1029/GM183 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOG53 UT WOS:000276577500001 ER PT S AU Sundquist, ET Keeling, RF AF Sundquist, Eric T. Keeling, Ralph F. BE McPherson, BJ Sundquist, ET TI The Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Record: Lessons for Long-Term Earth Observations SO CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND ITS ROLE IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; HAWAII; OCEAN; ANTARCTICA; INCREASE AB The Mauna Loa carbon dioxide record is an iconic symbol of the human capacity to alter the planet. Yet this record would not have been possible without the remarkable work of one man, Charles David Keeling. We describe three emergent themes that characterized his work: (1) his desire to study and understand the processes that control atmospheric CO2 and the global carbon cycle, (2) his campaign to identify and minimize systematic measurement error, and (3) his tenacious efforts to maintain continuous funding despite changing government priorities and institutions. In many ways, the story of the Mauna Loa record demonstrates that distinctions between research and "routine" measurements are not very useful in long-term monitoring of Earth properties and processes. C1 [Sundquist, Eric T.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Keeling, Ralph F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sundquist, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Quissett Campus, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM esundqui@usgs.gov; esundqui@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-448-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 183 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1029/2009GM000913 D2 10.1029/GM183 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOG53 UT WOS:000276577500003 ER PT S AU Van Oost, K Van Hemelryck, H Harden, JW AF Van Oost, Kristof Van Hemelryck, Hendrik Harden, Jennifer W. BE McPherson, BJ Sundquist, ET TI Erosion of Soil Organic Carbon: Implications for Carbon Sequestration SO CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND ITS ROLE IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; IMPACT; DYNAMICS; BALANCE; MODEL; CYCLE; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; RAINFALL AB Agricultural activities have substantially increased rates of soil erosion and deposition, and these processes have a significant impact on carbon (C) mineralization and burial. Here, we present a synthesis of erosion effects on carbon dynamics and discuss the implications of soil erosion for carbon sequestration strategies. We demonstrate that for a range of data-based parameters from the literature, soil erosion results in increased C storage onto land, an effect that is heterogeneous on the landscape and is variable on various timescales. We argue that the magnitude of the erosion term and soil carbon residence time, both strongly influenced by soil management, largely control the strength of the erosion-induced sink. In order to evaluate fully the effects of soil management strategies that promote carbon sequestration, a full carbon account must be made that considers the impact of erosion-enhanced disequilibrium between carbon inputs and decomposition, including effects on net primary productivity and decomposition rates. C1 [Van Oost, Kristof] Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Geog, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Van Hemelryck, Hendrik] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Phys & Reg Geog Res Grp, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Van Oost, K (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Geog, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM kristof.vanoost@uclouvain.be RI Tejo Haristoy, Camila/G-6611-2011 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-448-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 183 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1029/2005GM000326 D2 10.1029/GM183 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOG53 UT WOS:000276577500015 ER PT J AU Rogers, CS Muller, E Spitzack, T Miller, J AF Rogers, Caroline S. Muller, Erinn Spitzack, Tony Miller, Jeff TI Extensive coral mortality in the US Virgin Islands in 2005/2006: A review of the evidence for synergy among thermal stress, coral bleaching and disease SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE prevalence; Acropora palmata; Montastraea; reef AB In the summer/fall of 2005, extensive coral bleaching on reefs in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) was associated with sea water temperatures exceeding 30 degrees C. Almost all coral species bleached, including Acropora palmata, which bleached for the first time on record in the USVI. As water temperatures cooled, corals began to regain their normal coloration. However, a severe disease outbreak then occurred on deeper, non-acroporid reefs. The disease demonstrated signs consistent with white plague. Monitoring of coral cover along previously established long-term transects on several reefs in St. John and St. Croix was intensified. Data on bleaching and disease were collected before, during and after this bleaching/disease episode. Average coral cover declined by over 50%, from 21.4% to 10.3% at the long-term study sites, within one year of the onset of bleaching, declining further to 8.3% after two years. This loss of coral cover was greater than from all other stressors affecting the USVI reefs in preceding years, and no significant recovery is evident. Disease prevalence increased on bleached A. palmata colonies that were being monitored as well as on the colonies of other species on the deeper reefs. Bleached A. palmata colonies had more disease (primarily white pox and other un-described diseases) than unbleached colonies. The non-acroporid corals that bleached most severely suffered the highest mortality from disease. Although the research summarized in this paper is not conclusive, the results suggest that high water temperatures lead to bleaching, which weakens corals and makes them more vulnerable to diseases. C1 [Rogers, Caroline S.] US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. [Muller, Erinn] Natl Pk Serv, Christiansted, VI 00820 USA. [Spitzack, Tony] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Miller, Jeff] S Florida Caribbean Network, Natl Pk Serv, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Rogers, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St John, VI 00830 USA. EM caroline_rogers@usgs.gov FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17OP2919]; US Geological Survey; National Park Service; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund FX This paper is a result of research funded by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Ocean Programs under award #NA17OP2919 to the University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez. Substantial support also came from the US Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 33 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 204 EP 214 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V15YI UT WOS:000207836900007 ER PT J AU Appeldoorn, RS Aguilar-Perera, A Bouwmeester, BLK Dennis, GD Hill, RL Merten, W Recksiek, CW Williams, SJ AF Appeldoorn, R. S. Aguilar-Perera, A. Bouwmeester, B. L. K. Dennis, G. D. Hill, R. L. Merten, W. Recksiek, C. W. Williams, S. J. TI Movement of fishes (Grunts: Haemulidae) across the coral reef seascape: A review of scales, patterns and processes SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Grunts; Haemulon; migration; connectivity; coral reef ecosystems AB Reef fish movements over short and long time frames have important consequences for identifying essential fish habitat, quantifying ecological flows across the seascape and designing marine reserves. We use grunts (Haemulidae) as a representative model group for quantifying movement in terms of distances, time scales, temporal patterns, habitat associations and controls. Here, we provide a review based on recent studies and our own experience. The ritualized, twilight feeding migrations of grunts represent an important mechanism for transferring nutrients and organic matter across habitat boundaries, with movements on the order of 100-300 m. Both compass orientation and vision are used for navigation during feeding migrations. Feeding movements of adults are less ritualized in both space and time and typically occur on the same scale of distance as juveniles, although longer excursions have been documented. Ontogenetic migrations occur over years and take the form of discrete habitat shifts, with most individuals moving progressively offshore. Distances and pathways followed by fish will depend on the exact width of the shelf and distribution of suitable habitats. Transplant experiments suggest there are significant barriers to fish migration, and migration corridors, especially reef margins, seem to be important in determining the direction of ontogenetic habitat shifts, but these may be disrupted by environmental perturbations. Theoretical considerations relative to barrier perception and growth-survival trade-offs appear to explain normal movements of grunts and their responses to environmental perturbations, but lack of information on how fish may sense new locations at distance prevents the full use of theory to generate rules of migration covering timing, distance and direction. C1 [Appeldoorn, R. S.; Bouwmeester, B. L. K.; Merten, W.; Williams, S. J.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Aguilar-Perera, A.] Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Dept Biol Marina, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. [Dennis, G. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Hill, R. L.] NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Recksiek, C. W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Appeldoorn, RS (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM richard.appeldoorn@upr.edu RI Aguilar-Perera, Alfonso/D-6327-2012; OI Aguilar-Perera, Alfonso/0000-0002-7579-2183 FU NOAA/CSCOR [NA17OP2919]; Caribbean Coral Reef Institute [NA07NOS4000192]; UPR [MPRD-12]; University of Rhode Island [MPD 8716] FX Aspects of this work were funded by NOAA/CSCOR through the Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies Program (NA17OP2919) and Caribbean Coral Reef Institute (NA07NOS4000192), the UPR Sea GrantProgram (MPRD-12), and the University of Rhode Island Sea Grant Program (MPD 8716). Logistical and boat support was provided by the UPRM Department of Marine Sciences. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 22 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 304 EP 316 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V15YI UT WOS:000207836900015 ER PT J AU Monaco, ME Friedlander, AM Caldow, C Hile, SD Menza, C Boulon, RH AF Monaco, Mark E. Friedlander, Alan M. Caldow, Chris Hile, Sarah D. Menza, Charles Boulon, Rafe H. TI Long-term monitoring of habitats and reef fish found inside and outside the US Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument: A comparative assessment SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; marine protected areas; marine reserves; reef fish; US Virgin Islands AB The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICR), a marine protected area in St John, US Virgin Islands. Surveys of habitat and fishes inside and outside of VICR were conducted in 2003-2008. Areas outside the VICR had significantly more scleractinian corals, greater habitat complexity and greater species richness and density of reef fishes than areas inside., Areas inside and outside the VICR exhibited significant decreases in percent scleractinian coral coverage over the study period. A contrasting trend of increasing macroalgal cover was also observed. No clear effect of the severe 2005 coral bleaching event was observed suggesting other causal factors. No obvious trends in the fish community were observed across the study period. The significant decline in habitat condition, coupled with the initial incorporation of some of the more degraded reefs into the marine protected area may result in a longer time period necessary to detect positive changes in the St. John coral reef ecosystem and associated reef fish abundance and community structure. C1 [Monaco, Mark E.; Caldow, Chris; Hile, Sarah D.; Menza, Charles] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fishery Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Boulon, Rafe H.] Natl Pk Serv, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Monaco, ME (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.monaco@noaa.gov FU CCMA; NPS; USGS; NOAA FX This study was made possible by the dedicated efforts of NOAA's Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment and the National Park Service. Funding was provided by CCMA, NPS, USGS, and NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. Additional field support was provided by J. Beets, R. Clark, A. Davis, K. Foley, C. Jeffrey, M. Kendall, J. Miller, C. Rogers, J. Waddell, R. Waara and K. Woody. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 338 EP 347 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V15YI UT WOS:000207836900017 ER PT S AU Moffitt, CM AF Moffitt, Christine M. BE Haro, A Smith, KL Rulifson, RA Moffitt, CM Klauda, RJ Dadswell, MJ Cunjak, RA Cooper, JE Beal, KL Avery, TS TI Climate Change and Anthropogenic Influences Preamble SO CHALLENGES FOR DIADROMOUS FISHES IN A DYNAMIC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, NE Div C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-08-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 69 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Neurosciences SC Fisheries; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLN75 UT WOS:000270598800010 ER PT S AU McCormick, SD Lerner, DT Monette, MY Nieves-Puigdoller, K Kelly, JT Bjornsson, BT AF McCormick, Stephen D. Lerner, Darren T. Monette, Michelle Y. Nieves-Puigdoller, Katherine Kelly, John T. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur BE Haro, A Smith, KL Rulifson, RA Moffitt, CM Klauda, RJ Dadswell, MJ Cunjak, RA Cooper, JE Beal, KL Avery, TS TI Taking It with You When You Go: How Perturbations to the Freshwater Environment, Including Temperature, Dams, and Contaminants, Affect Marine Survival of Salmon SO CHALLENGES FOR DIADROMOUS FISHES IN A DYNAMIC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, NE Div ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SALAR L; GROWTH-HORMONE AB Most anadromous fish undergo physiological and behavioral changes that are preparatory and adaptive for seawater entry. In anadromous salmonids, these preparatory changes are collectively known as smolting. Smolt development is regulated by environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature and mediated by the neuroendocrine system. In this paper, we review evidence that a variety of anthropogenic factors call influence smolt development and affect marine survival. Hatchery rearing can affect rile size of smolts and the extent and timing of smolt development. Smolt development is reversible, and the period of peak physiological preparedness in salmon smolts is limited by time and temperature. By influencing temperature and the duration of the migratory period, climate change and dams will have negative effects on smolt Survival beyond direct lethal impacts. Contaminants acting on developmental physiology or underlying endocrine control mechanisms call also reduce marine survival. Exposure to estrogenic compounds prior to or during smolt development can reduce seawater tolerance and preference. Acid and aluminum exposure can reverse the development of seawater tolerance and reduce adult return rates. We Conclude that environmental conditions in freshwater can affect physiological development, estuarine and ocean behavior, early seawater survival, and long-term seawater growth and homing, thus having influences oil adult returns and long-term Population sustainability of anadromous fishes C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Lerner, Darren T.; Monette, Michelle Y.; Nieves-Puigdoller, Katherine; Kelly, John T.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM steve_mccormick@usgs.gov RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 153 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-08-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2009 VL 69 BP 195 EP 214 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Neurosciences SC Fisheries; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLN75 UT WOS:000270598800013 ER PT S AU Haro, A AF Haro, Alex BE Haro, A Smith, KL Rulifson, RA Moffitt, CM Klauda, RJ Dadswell, MJ Cunjak, RA Cooper, JE Beal, KL Avery, TS TI Population and Habitat Restoration Preamble SO CHALLENGES FOR DIADROMOUS FISHES IN A DYNAMIC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, NE Div C1 Biol Resources Discipline, US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Haro, A (reprint author), Biol Resources Discipline, US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-08-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 69 BP 495 EP 496 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Neurosciences SC Fisheries; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLN75 UT WOS:000270598800031 ER PT S AU Castro-Santos, T Cotel, A Webb, P AF Castro-Santos, Theodore Cotel, Aline Webb, Paul BE Haro, A Smith, KL Rulifson, RA Moffitt, CM Klauda, RJ Dadswell, MJ Cunjak, RA Cooper, JE Beal, KL Avery, TS TI Fishway Evaluations for Better Bioengineering: An Integrative Approach SO CHALLENGES FOR DIADROMOUS FISHES IN A DYNAMIC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, NE Div ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; ADULT SOCKEYE-SALMON; BASS MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU; LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; SWIMMING SMALLMOUTH BASS; VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY; VELOCITY BARRIERS; AMERICAN SHAD; COLUMBIA RIVER AB Effective fishway design requires extensive integration of biological and hydraulic data. Many relevant biological parameters remain poorly characterized, however, and the lack of adequate biological data has long been recognized as a central weakness ill fish passage technology. This is of particular concern given the growing recognition of the importance of passing a broad diversity of species. Part of the reason for this weakness is the difficulty of identifying relevant biological, hydraulic, and other physical parameters. We propose that by both exploring questions Suggested by current knowledge, and also by increasing; the frequency and refining the methods with which fishways are evaluated, two results can be achieved: our understanding of design effectiveness can be improved, and research questions can be prioritized through adaptive management. We describe a framework and rationale for fishway evaluations that identifies several promising avenues of research. Understanding correlates of passage performance is increasingly important as fish passage needs expand on a global scale. C1 [Castro-Santos, Theodore] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM tcastro_santos@usgs.gov OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 151 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-08-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2009 VL 69 BP 557 EP 575 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Neurosciences SC Fisheries; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLN75 UT WOS:000270598800034 ER PT S AU Hill, AK AF Hill, Amanda K. BE Haro, A Smith, KL Rulifson, RA Moffitt, CM Klauda, RJ Dadswell, MJ Cunjak, RA Cooper, JE Beal, KL Avery, TS TI The Santee River Basin Accord: Restoring Diadromous Fish through Prioritization of Subbasins SO CHALLENGES FOR DIADROMOUS FISHES IN A DYNAMIC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, NE Div ID AMERICAN SHAD; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; RESTORATION; HISTORY AB This paper presents a case study of a collaborative, watershed approach among hydroelectric utilities and natural resource agencies to restore diadromous fish stocks in the Santee River basin, a large Atlantic coast river. The basin once supported large populations of diadromous fish prior to the era of dam construction. A series of hydroelectric dams now block fish spawning migrations from the majority of the Santee River basin. Three of these hydroelectric projects are currently at various stages of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's relicensing process for non-federal hydroelectric dam projects. South Carolina Electric 8, Gas and Duke Energy Carolinas LLC, in concert with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, have developed the Santee River Basin Accord to address diadromous fish restoration in the basin. The Santee River Basin Accord utilizes a watershed approach to prioritize the Santee River basin's subbasins and determine the subbasin with the greatest potential for successful passage, spawning, and recruitment of diadromous fish. The process used water quality and quantity, spawning habitat, historic occurrence, quantity of riverine habitat, and the number of dams that fish must pass to access these habitats as the prioritizacion criteria. Based on these criteria, the Broad River subbasin was chosen as the priority subbasin. The Santee River Basin Accord will fund a 10-year restoration program for this subbasin that includes a hatchery-based restoration program, scientific studies, monitoring, and fish passage at dams that currently impeded spawning migrations. This watershed approach represents a collaborative and innovative method in the southeastern United States to manage and restore diadromous fish populations within a large river basin. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Charleston Field Off, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Hill, AK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Charleston Field Off, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM amanda_hill@fws.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-08-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2009 VL 69 BP 769 EP 782 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Neurosciences SC Fisheries; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLN75 UT WOS:000270598800048 ER PT S AU Cantrell, MA Hill, AK AF Cantrell, Mark A. Hill, Amanda K. BE Haro, A Smith, KL Rulifson, RA Moffitt, CM Klauda, RJ Dadswell, MJ Cunjak, RA Cooper, JE Beal, KL Avery, TS TI How Dammed Is Your Watershed: First Approximation of an Index to Relative Dammed-ness of US Watersheds SO CHALLENGES FOR DIADROMOUS FISHES IN A DYNAMIC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, NE Div C1 [Cantrell, Mark A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Asheville Field Off, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Cantrell, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Asheville Field Off, 160 Zillicoa St, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM mark_a_cantrell@fws.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-08-0 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 69 BP 919 EP 921 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Neurosciences SC Fisheries; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLN75 UT WOS:000270598800076 ER PT S AU Fagre, DB AF Fagre, Daniel B. BE Butler, DR Malanson, GP Walsh, SJ Fagre, DB TI INTRODUCTION: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF ALPINE TREELINE ECOTONES IN MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS SO CHANGING ALPINE TREELINE: THE EXAMPLE OF GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MT, USA SE Developments in Earth Surface Processes LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; CARBON BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HIGH-ELEVATION; MONTANA; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; INDICATORS; VEGETATION; RESPONSES C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Fagre, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM dan_fagre@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-2025 BN 978-0-08-095709-8 J9 DEV EARTH S PY 2009 VL 12 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0928-2025(08)00201-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BCT70 UT WOS:000311376400003 ER PT S AU Butler, DR Malanson, GP Walsh, SJ Fagre, DB AF Butler, David R. Malanson, George P. Walsh, Stephen J. Fagre, Daniel B. BE Butler, DR Malanson, GP Walsh, SJ Fagre, DB TI THE CHANGING ALPINE TREELINE: THE EXAMPLE OF GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MT, USA PREFACE SO CHANGING ALPINE TREELINE: THE EXAMPLE OF GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MT, USA SE Developments in Earth Surface Processes LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Butler, David R.] Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Malanson, George P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Walsh, Stephen J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Butler, DR (reprint author), Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM db25@txstate.edu; george-malanson@uiowa.edu; swalsh@email.unc.edu; dan_fagre@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-2025 BN 978-0-08-095709-8 J9 DEV EARTH S PY 2009 VL 12 BP XV EP XVI PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BCT70 UT WOS:000311376400002 ER PT S AU Malanson, GP Brown, DG Butler, DR Cairns, DM Fagre, DB Walsh, SJ AF Malanson, George P. Brown, Daniel G. Butler, David R. Cairns, David M. Fagre, Daniel B. Walsh, Stephen J. BE Butler, DR Malanson, GP Walsh, SJ Fagre, DB TI ECOTONE DYNAMICS: INVASIBILITY OF ALPINE TUNDRA BY TREE SPECIES FROM THE SUBALPINE FOREST SO CHANGING ALPINE TREELINE: THE EXAMPLE OF GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MT, USA SE Developments in Earth Surface Processes LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; ABIES-LASIOCARPA; CARBON BALANCE; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; PICEA-ENGELMANNII; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; GROWTH-RESPONSES C1 [Malanson, George P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Brown, Daniel G.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Butler, David R.] Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Cairns, David M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Walsh, Stephen J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Malanson, GP (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM george-malanson@uiowa.edu; db25@txstate.edu; dan_fagre@usgs.gov; swalsh@email.unc.edu RI Brown, Daniel/L-8089-2013 OI Brown, Daniel/0000-0001-6023-5950 NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-2025 BN 978-0-08-095709-8 J9 DEV EARTH S PY 2009 VL 12 BP 35 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0928-2025(08)00203-4 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BCT70 UT WOS:000311376400005 ER PT B AU Nicholls, RJ Woodroffe, C Burkett, V AF Nicholls, Robert J. Woodroffe, Colin Burkett, Virginia BE Letcher, TM TI Coastline Degradation as an Indicator of Global Change SO CLIMATE CHANGE: OBSERVED IMPACTS ON PLANET EARTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; US EAST-COAST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; EROSION; DELTAS; VARIABILITY; RESILIENCE; IMPACTS C1 [Nicholls, Robert J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 IBJ, Hants, England. [Nicholls, Robert J.] Univ Southampton, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Southampton SO17 IBJ, Hants, England. [Woodroffe, Colin] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Many, LA 71449 USA. RP Nicholls, RJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 IBJ, Hants, England. OI Woodroffe, Colin/0000-0003-4476-6158 NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093303-0; 978-0-44-453301-2 PY 2009 BP 409 EP 424 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53301-2.00024-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCR95 UT WOS:000311226000027 ER PT J AU Marchant, R Cleef, A Harrison, SP Hooghiemstra, H Markgraf, V van Boxel, J Ager, T Almeida, L Anderson, R Baied, C Behling, H Berrio, JC Burbridge, R Bjorck, S Byrne, R Bush, M Duivenvoorden, J Flenley, J De Oliveira, P van Geel, B Graf, K Gosling, WD Harbele, S van der Hammen, T Hansen, B Horn, S Kuhry, P Ledru, MP Mayle, F Leyden, B Lozano-Garcia, S Melief, AM Moreno, P Moar, NT Prieto, A van Reenen, G Salgado-Labouriau, M Schabitz, F Schreve-Brinkman, EJ Wille, M AF Marchant, R. Cleef, A. Harrison, S. P. Hooghiemstra, H. Markgraf, V. van Boxel, J. Ager, T. Almeida, L. Anderson, R. Baied, C. Behling, H. Berrio, J. C. Burbridge, R. Bjorck, S. Byrne, R. Bush, M. Duivenvoorden, J. Flenley, J. De Oliveira, P. van Geel, B. Graf, K. Gosling, W. D. Harbele, S. van der Hammen, T. Hansen, B. Horn, S. Kuhry, P. Ledru, M. -P. Mayle, F. Leyden, B. Lozano-Garcia, S. Melief, A. M. Moreno, P. Moar, N. T. Prieto, A. van Reenen, G. Salgado-Labouriau, M. Schaebitz, F. Schreve-Brinkman, E. J. Wille, M. TI Pollen-based biome reconstructions for Latin America at 0, 6000 and 18 000 radiocarbon years ago SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Review AB The biomisation method is used to reconstruct Latin American vegetation at 6000 +/- 500 and 18 000 +/- 1000 radiocarbon years before present (C-14 yr BP) from pollen data. Tests using modern pollen data from 381 samples derived from 287 locations broadly reproduce potential natural vegetation. The strong temperature gradient associated with the Andes is recorded by a transition from high altitude cool grass/shrubland and cool mixed forest to mid-altitude cool temperate rain forest, to tropical dry, seasonal and rain forest at low altitudes. Reconstructed biomes from a number of sites do not match the potential vegetation due to local factors such as human impact, methodological artefacts and mechanisms of pollen representivity of the parent vegetation. At 6000 +/- 500 C-14 yr BP 255 samples are analysed from 127 sites. Differences between the modern and the 6000 +/- 500 C-14 yr BP reconstruction are comparatively small; change relative to the modern reconstruction are mainly to biomes characteristic of drier climate in the north of the region with a slight more mesic shift in the south. Cool temperate rain forest remains dominant in western South America. In northwestern South America a number of sites record transitions from tropical seasonal forest to tropical dry forest and tropical rain forest to tropical seasonal forest. Sites in Central America show a change in biome assignment, but to more mesic vegetation, indicative of greater plant available moisture, e.g. on the Yucatan peninsula sites record warm evergreen forest, replacing tropical dry forest and warm mixed forest presently recorded. At 18 000 +/- 1000 C-14 yr BP 61 samples from 34 sites record vegetation reflecting a generally cool and dry environment. Cool grass/shrubland is prevalent in southeast Brazil whereas Amazonian sites record tropical dry forest, warm temperate rain forest and tropical seasonal forest. Southernmost South America is dominated by cool grass/shrubland, a single site retains cool temperate rain forest indicating that forest was present at some locations at the LGM. Some sites in Central Mexico and lowland Colombia remain unchanged in the biome assignments of warm mixed forest and tropical dry forest respectively, although the affinities that these sites have to different biomes do change between 18 000 +/- 1000 C-14 yr BP and present. The 'unresponsive' nature of these sites results from their location and the impact of local edaphic influence. C1 [Marchant, R.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York Inst Trop Ecosyst Dynam KITE, York YO10 5DD, Heslington, England. [Cleef, A.; Hooghiemstra, H.; van Boxel, J.; Duivenvoorden, J.; van Geel, B.; van Reenen, G.] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, IBED, NL-1090 GB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Harrison, S. P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, BRIDGE, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Markgraf, V.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ager, T.] Natl Ctr, USGS, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Almeida, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencia, Lab Biogeog, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Anderson, R.] Univ Montana, Dept Geog, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Baied, C.] Univ Montana, Environm Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Behling, H.] Univ Gottingen, Albrecht von Haller Inst Pflanzenwissensch, Abt Palynol & Klimadynam, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Berrio, J. C.; Burbridge, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Bjorck, S.] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Byrne, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bush, M.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32905 USA. [Flenley, J.] Massey Univ, Dept Geog, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [De Oliveira, P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geociencias, DPE, BR-05422970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Graf, K.] Univ Zurich, Inst Geog, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gosling, W. D.] Open Univ, CEPSA, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Harbele, S.] Australian Natl Univ, Coll Asia & Pacific, Dept Archaeol & Nat Hist, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [van der Hammen, T.] Fdn Tropenbos Colombia, Santafe De Bohota, Colombia. [Hansen, B.] Univ Minnesota, Limnol Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Horn, S.] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland. [Kuhry, P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ledru, M. -P.] Inst Rech Dev, Inst Sci Evolut, Equipe Paleoenvironm, Montpellier, France. [Leyden, B.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lozano-Garcia, S.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Moreno, P.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Santiago, Chile. [Moar, N. T.] DSIR, Bot Div, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Prieto, A.] Natl Univ Mar del Plata, Lab Palinol, Dept Biol, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. [Salgado-Labouriau, M.] Fundacao Univ Brazilia, Inst Geociencias, BR-0910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Schaebitz, F.] Otto Friedrich Univ Bamberg, Inst Geog, D-96045 Bamberg, Germany. [Wille, M.] Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Inst Geog, Essen, Germany. RP Marchant, R (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Environm, York Inst Trop Ecosyst Dynam KITE, York YO10 5DD, Heslington, England. EM rm524@york.ac.uk RI Gosling, William/D-2459-2009; Moreno, Patricio/D-2317-2012; Horn, Sally/B-1918-2013; van Boxel, John/C-3864-2015; OI Gosling, William/0000-0001-9903-8401; Moreno, Patricio/0000-0002-1333-6238; Horn, Sally/0000-0002-0575-3664; van Boxel, John/0000-0002-6762-725X; Baied, Carlos A./0000-0003-3702-2329; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903; Bush, Mark/0000-0001-6894-8613 FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); EU [EU-MXC-KITE-517098] FX This research has been funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) under award 750: 198: 08 to Henry Hooghiemstra/Rob Marchant. Rob Marchant recent contribution being supported by EU Grant No: EU-MXC-KITE-517098. This paper contributes to the BIOME 6000-research initiative which is a community-wide collaboration that started in 1994 under four elements of the International Geosphere- Biosphere Program (IGBP-GAIM, IGBP-DIS, IGBP-GCTE and IGBP-PAGES) with the aim to create fully documented pollen and plant macrofossil data sets for 6000 and 18 000 14C yr BP. Dominique Jolly was instrumental in developing and applying these techniques in Africa and subsequent application to different geographical regions - indeed the Latin American application presented here would not have been possible without this massive contribution and encouragement throughout the development of this work. In particular we thank Sandra Diaz, Liz Pickett, Colin Prentice and Bob Thompson for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. C. Penalba and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for insightful reviews that have improved the manuscript and some of the associated figures. Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho and Olando Rangel are particularly thanked for comments on the ecology of the Latin American taxa. Kirsten Sickel, Gerhard Boenish and Silvana Schott are thanked for help in producing the figures and archiving the results. Particular thanks must go to Eric Grimm, John Keltner and Vera Markgraf for their energies in establishing, and developing, the Latin American Pollen Database. At the very centre of this work are all those palynologists who have supplied data to the LAPD, or specifically to be used for this paper; without their efforts such syntheses would not be possible. NR 274 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 725 EP 767 PG 43 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536QX UT WOS:000273060000013 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM Foley, KM AF Dowsett, H. J. Robinson, M. M. Foley, K. M. TI Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL HEAT-TRANSPORT; DEEP-WATER CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; TROPICAL CYCLONES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MG/CA RATIOS; SEA; ATMOSPHERE AB The thermal structure of the mid-Piacenzian ocean is obtained by combining the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping Project (PRISM3) multiproxy sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstruction with bottom water temperature estimates from 27 locations produced using Mg/Ca paleothermometry based upon the ostracod genus Krithe. Deep water temperature estimates are skewed toward the Atlantic Basin (63% of the locations) and represent depths from 1000 m to 4500 m. This reconstruction, meant to serve as a validation data set as well as an initialization for coupled numerical climate models, assumes a Pliocene water mass framework similar to that which exists today, with several important modifications. The area of formation of present day North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) was expanded and extended further north toward the Arctic Ocean during the mid-Piacenzian relative to today. This, combined with a deeper Greenland-Scotland Ridge, allowed a greater volume of warmer NADW to enter the Atlantic Ocean. In the Southern Ocean, the Polar Front Zone was expanded relative to present day, but shifted closer to the Antarctic continent. This, combined with at least seasonal reduction in sea ice extent, resulted in decreased Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) production (relative to present day) as well as possible changes in the depth of intermediate waters. The reconstructed mid-Piacenzian three-dimensional ocean was warmer overall than today, and the hypothesized aerial extent of water masses appears to fit the limited stable isotopic data available for this time period. C1 [Dowsett, H. J.; Robinson, M. M.; Foley, K. M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU US Geological Survey Office of Global Change; PRISM FX We thank M. Williams and J. Groeneveld for their helpful comments and useful suggestions. This reconstruction would not have been possible without many conversations and discussions with T. Cronin, G. Dwyer, M. Chandler and A. Haywood. Special thanks to Danielle Stoll for help with figures and illustrations. Rocio Caballero and Karine Renaud helped with various aspects of data reduction. Mg/Ca analyses were performed at Duke University; Alkenone analyses were performed at Brown University. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Office of Global Change and is a product of the PRISM Project. NR 58 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 769 EP 783 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536QX UT WOS:000273060000014 ER PT B AU Buscombe, D Masselink, G Rubin, DM AF Buscombe, Daniel Masselink, Gerhard Rubin, David M. BE Smith, JM TI GRANULAR PROPERTIES FROM DIGITAL IMAGES OF SEDIMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR COASTAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELLING SO COASTAL ENGINEERING 2008, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2008 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP Hochtief Construct AG, Elastogran GmbH, Hamburg Port Author, Naue Gmbh & Co KG, Bremenports GmbH & Co KG, IMS Ingenieurgesell mbH, Inros Lackner AG, Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag Architektur & Tech Wissensch GmbH & Co KG, Enders & Duhrkop Ingenieurgesell mbH, Hafen Hamburg Marketing eV, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, Minist Agr, Environm & Rural Areas State Schleswig Holstein, German Port Technol Assoc, German Coastal Engn Res Council ID DETERMINING GRAIN-SIZE AB Statistical techniques designed to obtain granular attributes from digital images of sediment are reviewed and evaluated. Such techniques promise to revolutionize field and laboratory studies into sediment transport and sedimentation dynamics, because of the non-intrusive, rapid and labour-saving nature of the method compared to traditional forms of particle size analysis. Methodological work undertaken thus far, in this relatively new field, is synthesized, as well as some ideas given on potential future developments and refinements. Finally, the potential utility of such methodological advances to the coastal science and engineering community is discussed. This includes an evaluation of the premises behind, and potential limitations of, 'digital grain-size analysis', as well as instances where high-resolution grain-size information could potentially inform a new generation of coastal sediment transport models, where granular attributes are included as free parameters rather than fixed at the boundary. C1 [Buscombe, Daniel; Rubin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dbuscombe@usgs.gov; g.masselink@plymouth.ac.uk; drubin@usgs.gov RI Buscombe, Daniel/F-6283-2011; Masselink, Gerd/B-6743-2015 OI Masselink, Gerd/0000-0001-6079-7611 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4277-36-5 PY 2009 BP 1625 EP 1637 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BKN05 UT WOS:000268630700135 ER PT B AU List, JH Benedet, L Hanes, DM Ruggiero, P AF List, Jeffrey H. Benedet, Lindino Hanes, Daniel M. Ruggiero, Peter BE Smith, JM TI UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DELFT3D AND EMPIRICAL PREDICTIONS OF ALONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT GRADIENTS SO COASTAL ENGINEERING 2008, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2008 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP Hochtief Construct AG, Elastogran GmbH, Hamburg Port Author, Naue Gmbh & Co KG, Bremenports GmbH & Co KG, IMS Ingenieurgesell mbH, Inros Lackner AG, Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag Architektur & Tech Wissensch GmbH & Co KG, Enders & Duhrkop Ingenieurgesell mbH, Hafen Hamburg Marketing eV, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, Minist Agr, Environm & Rural Areas State Schleswig Holstein, German Port Technol Assoc, German Coastal Engn Res Council ID MODEL; VALIDATION AB Predictions of alongshore transport gradients are critical for forecasting shoreline change. At the previous ICCE conference, it was demonstrated that alongshore transport gradients predicted by the empirical CERC equation can differ substantially from predictions made by the hydrodynamics-based model Delft3D in the case of a simulated borrow pit on the shoreface. Here we use the Delft3D momentum balance to examine the reason for this difference. Alongshore advective flow accelerations in our Delft3D simulation are mainly driven by pressure gradients resulting from alongshore variations in wave height and setup, and Delft3D transport gradients are controlled by these now accelerations. The CERC equation does not take this process into account, and for this reason a second empirical transport term is sometimes added when alongshore gradients in wave height are thought to be significant. However, our test case indicates that this second term does not properly predict alongshore transport gradients. C1 [List, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP List, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jlist@usgs.gov OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4277-36-5 PY 2009 BP 1864 EP 1875 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BKN05 UT WOS:000268630700154 ER PT J AU McGarr, A Boettcher, M Fletcher, JB Johnston, M Durrheim, R Spottiswoode, S Milev, A AF McGarr, A. Boettcher, M. Fletcher, J. B. Johnston, M. Durrheim, R. Spottiswoode, S. Milev, A. BE Tang, C TI A DEPLOYMENT OF BROADBAND SEISMIC STATIONS IN TWO DEEP GOLD MINES, SOUTH AFRICA SO CONTROLLING SEISMIC HAZARD AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF DEEP MINES: 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ROCKBURST AND SEISMICITY IN MINES (RASIM7), VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines CY AUG 21-23, 2009 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA ID FAULT; EARTHQUAKE; FRICTION; SLIP AB In-mine seismic networks throughout the TauTona and Mponeng gold mines provide precise locations and seismic source parameters of earthquakes. They also support small-scale experimental projects, including NELSAM (Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines), which is intended to record, at close hand, seismic rupture of a geologic fault that traverses the project region near the deepest part of TauTona. To resolve some questions regarding the in-mine and NELSAM networks, we deployed four portable broadband seismic stations at deep sites within TauTona and Mponeng for one week during September 2007 and recorded ground acceleration. Moderately large earthquakes within our temporary network were recorded with sufficiently high signal-to-noise that we were able to integrate the acceleration to ground velocity and displacement, from which moment tensors could be determined. We resolved the questions concerning the NELSAM and in-mine networks by using these moment tensors to calculate synthetic seismograms at various network recording sites for comparison with the ground motion recorded at the same locations. We also used the peak velocity of the S wave pulse, corrected for attenuation with distance, to estimate the maximum slip within the rupture zone of an earthquake. We then combined the maximum slip and seismic moment with results from laboratory friction experiments to estimate maximum slip rates within the same high-slip patches of the rupture zone. For the four largest earthquakes recorded within our network, all with magnitudes near 2, these inferred maximum slips range from 4 to 27 mm and the corresponding maximum slip rates range from 1 to 6 m/s. These results, in conjunction with information from previous ground motion studies, indicate that underground support should be capable of withstanding peak ground velocities of at least 5 m/s. C1 [McGarr, A.; Boettcher, M.; Fletcher, J. B.; Johnston, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 978-1-58949-058-1 PY 2009 BP 967 EP 974 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BLU27 UT WOS:000271028900143 ER PT B AU Douglas, AJ AF Douglas, Aaron J. BE Davin, TB Brannet, AP TI THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE USE STRATEGIES AND RESTORATION ACTIVITIES FOR CORALS AND CORAL REEFS SO CORAL REEFS: BIOLOGY, THREATS AND RESTORATION SE Oceanography and Ocean Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIODIVERSITY; OCEAN AB Centuries have lapsed since natural forces began to construct many present day reefs Thus, long periods of time are needed for natural forces to produce Island reefs that are being degraded and (or) lost at a rapid rate However, in many circumstances, reef damage can be sharply ameliorated by intense and very expensive physical engineering restoration techniques Unfortunately, the high social value that can be imputed to reef restoration is typically less than the cost of reconstruction There are significant costs and long term benefits associated with other coral reef and reef habitat protection and restoration strategies The anthropogenic causes of reef damage are variegated Artisanal fisheries located along reef habitats provide nutrition to disparate and widely dispersed low Income native communities However, destructive fishing methods including the use of explosives and cyanide by native fishers and dragging trawl nets across reefs can cause severe long term damage A more subtle threat to coral reef fisheries is overfishing The provision of attractive alternative employment opportunities to fishermen is an effective cure for overfishing that poses the formidable challenge of inducing fishermen to change their livelihoods Destructive fishing and overfishing are examples of the wide array of adverse human impacts that challenge coral reef conservationists and marine resource managers The discussion underscores the breadth of the socio-economic forces that underlie the anthropogenic threats, the array of emerging restoration and conservation tools being assembled to manage these resources, and the benefits and costs of the global coral reef conservation and restoration efforts C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr FORT, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Douglas, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr FORT, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-104-3 J9 OCEANOGR OCEAN ENG PY 2009 BP 53 EP 75 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BSD06 UT WOS:000284128800003 ER PT J AU Blann, KL Anderson, JL Sands, GR Vondracek, B AF Blann, Kristen L. Anderson, James L. Sands, Gary R. Vondracek, Bruce TI Effects of Agricultural Drainage on Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE water quality; wetlands; nutrients; hydrology; fish; macroinvertebrates ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CHANGING WATER REGIMES; SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINS; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; REDUCE NITRATE LOSS AB The extensive development of surface and subsurface drainage systems to facilitate agricultural production throughout North America has significantly altered the hydrology of landscapes compared to historical conditions. Drainage has transformed nutrient and hydrologic dynamics, structure, function, quantity, and configuration of stream and wetland ecosystems. In many agricultural regions, more than 80% of some catchment basins may be drained by surface ditches and subsurface drain pipes (tiles). Natural channels have been straightened and deepened for surface drainage ditches with significant effects on channel morphology, instream habitats for aquatic organisms, floodplain and riparian connectivity, sediment dynamics, and nutrient cycling. The connection of formerly isolated wetland basins to extensive networks of surface drainage and the construction of main channel ditches through millions of acres of formerly low-lying marsh or wet prairie, where no defined channel may have previously existed, have resulted in large-scale conversion of aquatic habitat types, from wetland mosaics to linear systems. Reduced surface storage, increased conveyance, and increased effective drainage area have altered the dynamics of and generally increased flows in larger streams and rivers. Cumulatively, these changes in hydrology, geomorphology, nutrient cycling, and sediment dynamics have had profound implications for aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. C1 [Anderson, James L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sands, Gary R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Blann, KL (reprint author), 40234 Hwy 10, Cushing, MN 56443 USA. EM kblann@umn.edu NR 477 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 28 U2 230 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 39 IS 11 BP 909 EP 1001 DI 10.1080/10643380801977966 PG 93 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530MC UT WOS:000272596000001 ER PT S AU Akinin, VV Miller, EL Wooden, JL AF Akinin, Vyacheslav V. Miller, Elizabeth L. Wooden, Joseph L. BE Miller, RB Snoke, AW TI Petrology and geochronology of crustal xenoliths from the Bering Strait region: Linking deep and shallow processes in extending continental crust SO CRUSTAL CROSS SECTIONS FROM THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA AND ELSEWHERE: IMPLICATIONS FOR TECTONIC AND PETROLOGIC PROCESSES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KIGLUAIK GNEISS DOME; SEWARD PENINSULA; MANTLE BENEATH; TRACE-ELEMENT; PYROXENE THERMOMETRY; CHUKCHI-PENINSULA; ION MICROPROBE; UNITED-STATES; BROOKS RANGE; CORE COMPLEX AB Petrologic, geochemical, and metamorphic data on gneissic xenoliths derived from the middle and lower crust in the Neogene Bering Sea basalt province, coupled with U-Pb geochronology of their zircons using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG), yield a detailed comparison between the P-T-t and magmatic history of the lower crust and magmatic, metamorphic, and deformational history of the upper crust. Our results provide unique insights into the nature of lithospheric processes that accompany the extension of continental crust. The gneissic, mostly mafic xenoliths (constituting less than two percent of the total xenolith population) from lavas in the Enmelen, RU, St. Lawrence, Nunivak, and Seward Peninsula fields most likely originated through magmatic fractionation processes with continued residence at granulite-facies conditions. Zircon single-grain ages (n = 125) are interpreted as both magmatic and metamorphic and are entirely Cretaceous to Paleocene in age (ca. 138-60 Ma). Their age distributions correspond to the main ages of magmatism in two belts of supracrustal volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Bering Sea region. Oscillatory-zoned igneous zircons, Late Cretaceous to Paleocene metamorphic zircons and overgrowths, and lack of any older inheritance in zircons from the xenoliths provide strong evidence for juvenile addition of material to the crust at this time. Surface exposures of Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks locally reached upper amphibolite-facies (sillimanite grade) to granulite-facies conditions within a series of extension-related metamorphic culminations or gneiss domes, which developed within the Cretaceous magmatic belt. Metamorphic gradients and inferred geotherms (similar to 30-50 degrees C/km) from both the gneiss domes and xenoliths are too high to be explained by crustal thickening alone. Magmatic heat input from the mantle is necessary to explain both the petrology of the magmas and elevated metamorphic temperatures. Deep-crustal seismic-reflection and refraction data reveal a 30-35-km-thick crust, a sharp Moho and reflective lower and middle crust. Velocities do not support a largely mafic (underplated) lower crust, but together with xenolith data suggest that Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene mafic intrusions are likely increasingly important with depth in the crust and that the elevated temperatures during granulite-facies metamorphism led to large-scale flow of crustal rocks to produce gneiss domes and the observed subhorizontal reflectivity of the crust. This unique combined data set for the Bering Shelf region provides compelling evidence for the complete reconstitution/re-equilibration of continental crust from the bottom up during mantle-driven magmatic events associated with crustal extension. Thus, despite Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks at the surface and Alaska's accretionary tectonic history, it is likely that a significant portion of the Bering Sea region lower crust is much younger and related to post-accretionary tectonic and magmatic events. C1 [Akinin, Vyacheslav V.] Russian Acad Sci, NE Interdisciplinary Sci Res Inst, Magadan 685000, Russia. [Miller, Elizabeth L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA. RP Akinin, VV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, NE Interdisciplinary Sci Res Inst, Portovaya 16, Magadan 685000, Russia. EM akinin@neisri.ru RI Akinin, Viacheslav/A-5937-2016 OI Akinin, Viacheslav/0000-0001-9984-2571 NR 115 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2456-0 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 456 BP 39 EP 68 DI 10.1130/2009.2456(02) PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BXJ64 UT WOS:000296229200002 ER PT S AU Needy, SK Anderson, JL Wooden, JL Fleck, RJ Barth, AP Paterson, SR Memeti, V Pignotta, GS AF Needy, Sarah K. Anderson, J. Lawford Wooden, Joseph L. Fleck, R. J. Barth, Andrew P. Paterson, Scott R. Memeti, Valbone Pignotta, Geoffrey S. BE Miller, RB Snoke, AW TI Mesozoic magmatism in an upper- to middle-crustal section through the Cordilleran continental margin arc, eastern Transverse Ranges, California SO CRUSTAL CROSS SECTIONS FROM THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA AND ELSEWHERE: IMPLICATIONS FOR TECTONIC AND PETROLOGIC PROCESSES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MCCOY MOUNTAINS FORMATION; PB ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; IN-HORNBLENDE BAROMETER; COAST RIDGE BELT; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTHWESTERN US AB The eastern Transverse Ranges provide essentially continuous exposure for >100 km across the strike of the Mesozoic Cordilleran orogen. Thermobarometric calculations based on hornblende and plagioclase compositions in Mesozoic plutonic rocks show that the first-order distribution of rock units resulted from differential Laramide exhumation. Mesozoic supracrustal rocks are preserved in the relatively little exhumed eastern part of the eastern Transverse Ranges and south-central Mojave Desert, and progressively greater rock uplift and exhumation toward the west exposed rocks originating at mid-crustal depths. The eastern Transverse Ranges thus constitute a tilted, nearly continuously exposed crustal section of the Mesozoic magmatic arc and framework rocks from subvolcanic levels to paleodepths as great as similar to 22 km. The base of this tilted arc section is a moderately east-dipping sheeted magmatic complex >10 km in width by 70 km in length, constructed structurally beneath, yet synchronous with Late Jurassic and Cretaceous upper-crustal plutons. Geochronology and regional structural relations thus suggest that arc magmas generated in the lower crust of this continental arc interacted in a complex mid-crustal zone of crystallization and mixing; products of this zone were parental magmas that formed relatively homogeneous upper crustal felsic plutons and fed lavas and voluminous ignimbrites. C1 [Needy, Sarah K.; Barth, Andrew P.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Anderson, J. Lawford; Paterson, Scott R.; Memeti, Valbone; Pignotta, Geoffrey S.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.; Fleck, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Needy, SK (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM sneedy@iupui.edu NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2456-0 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 456 BP 187 EP 218 DI 10.1130/2009.2456(07) PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BXJ64 UT WOS:000296229200007 ER PT J AU Swier, VJ Bradley, RD Rens, W Elder, FFB Baker, RJ AF Swier, V. J. Bradley, R. D. Rens, W. Elder, F. F. B. Baker, R. J. TI Patterns of Chromosomal Evolution in Sigmodon, Evidence from Whole Chromosome Paints SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ancestral karyotype; Comparative cytogenetics; DAPI banding; Karyotype conservation; Muroid rodents; Phylogeny; Sigmodontinae; Tandem fusions ID ZOO-FISH ANALYSIS; GENUS SIGMODON; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; ANCESTRAL KARYOTYPE; CENTRIC FUSION; DNA-SEQUENCES; CYTOCHROME-B; COTTON RATS; PHYLOGENY; RODENTIA AB Of the superfamily Muroidea (31 genera, 1578 species), the Sigmodontinae (74 genera, 377 species) is the second largest subfamily in number of species and represents a significant radiation of rodent biodiversity. Only 2 of the 74 genera are found in both North and South America (Sigmodon and Oryzomys) and the remainder are exclusively from South America. In recent molecular studies, the genus Sigmodon (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) has been considered sister to many other South American Sigmodontines [Steppan et al., 2004]. We examine the chromosomal evolution of 9 species of Sigmodon utilizing chromosomal paints isolated from S. hispidus, proposed to be similar to the ancestral karyotype [Elder, 1980]. Utilizing a phylogenetic hypothesis of a molecular phylogeny of Sigmodon [Henson and Bradley, 2009], we mapped shared chromosomal rearrangements of taxa on a molecular tree to estimate the evolutionary position of each rearrangement. For several species (S. hirsutus, S. leucotis, S. ochrognathus, S. peruanus, and S. toltecus), the karyotype accumulated few or no changes, but in three species (S. arizonae, S. fulviventer, and S. mascotensis) numerous karyotype rearrangements were observed. These rearrangements involved heterochromatic additions, centric fusions, tandem fusions, pericentric inversions, as well as the addition of interstitial DNA not identified by chromosome paints or C-banding. The hypothesis that the ancestral karyotype for this complex had a diploid number of 52, a fundamental number of 52, and a G-band pattern of which most, if not all are similar to that present in modern day S. hispidus fails to be rejected. This hypothesis remains viable as an explanation of chromosomal evolution in Sigmodontine rodents. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Swier, V. J.; Bradley, R. D.; Baker, R. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci & Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Rens, W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Resource Ctr Comparat Genom, Cambridge, England. [Elder, F. F. B.] Genzyme Genet, Tampa, FL USA. RP Swier, VJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Indiahoma, OK 73552 USA. EM Vicki_Swier@fws.gov FU James Sowell; NIH [A141435-07] FX Field work in Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, and Texas was supported by grants from James Sowell and NIH grant, A141435-07, from Robert D. Bradley. Many thanks to the Texas Tech University field parties of Mexico 1997, 2000, 2005, and 2006; Ecuador 2004; and Honduras 2004. Thanks to R. K. Baker and F. Anwarali for assistance in collection of S. hispidus in Texas. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 EI 1424-859X J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2009 VL 125 IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1159/000218747 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 472CO UT WOS:000268107000008 PM 19617697 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, RJ Woodward, C Kim, YO Redman, RS AF Rodriguez, Rusty J. Woodward, Claire Kim, Yong-Ok Redman, Regina S. BE White, JF Torres, MS TI Habitat-Adapted Symbiosis as a Defense against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses SO DEFENSIVE MUTUALISM IN MICROBIAL SYMBIOSIS SE Mycology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MONOCOT-DICOT DIVERGENCE; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; ENDOPHYTIC MUTUALIST; COLLETOTRICHUM-MAGNA; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; PLANT-RESPONSES; LAND PLANTS; RANGE-SIZE; DROUGHT C1 [Rodriguez, Rusty J.; Woodward, Claire] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Rodriguez, Rusty J.; Woodward, Claire; Kim, Yong-Ok; Redman, Regina S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kim, Yong-Ok] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0730-9597 BN 978-1-4200-6931-0 J9 MYCOL SER JI MYCOLOGY S PY 2009 VL 27 BP 335 EP 346 D2 10.1201/9781420069327 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA BKJ99 UT WOS:000268336300020 ER PT J AU Sheppard, PR Ort, MH Anderson, KC Clynne, MA May, EM AF Sheppard, Paul R. Ort, Michael H. Anderson, Kirk C. Clynne, Michael A. May, Elizabeth M. TI Multiple dendrochronological responses to the eruption of Cinder Cone, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California SO DENDROCHRONOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cinder Cone, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Dendrochronology Dendrochemistry, Volcano, Dating ID TREE-RING ANALYSIS; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; NITROGEN; FORESTS; GROWTH; USA AB Two dendrochronological properties - ring width and ring chemistry - were investigated in trees near Cinder Cone in Lassen Volcanic National Park, northeastern California, for the purpose of re-evaluating the date of its eruption. Cinder Cone is thought to have erupted in AD 1666 based oil ring-width evidence. but interpreting ring-width changes alone is not straightforward because many forest disturbances call cause changes in ring width. Old Jeffrey pines growing in Cinder Cone tephra and elsewhere for control comparison were sampled Trees growing in tephra show 0 synchronous ring-width changes at AD 1666, but this ring-width signal Could be considered ambiguous for dating the eruption because changes in ring width call be caused by other events Trees growing in tephra also show changes ill ring phosphorus, Sulfur, and sodium during the late 1660s, but inter-tree variability in dendrochemical signals makes dating the eruption from ring chemistry alone difficult. Tile combination of dendrochernistry and ring-width signals improves confidence ill dating the eruption of Cinder Cone over the analysis of just one ring-growth property These results are similar to another case study using dendrochronology of ring width and ring Chemistry at Paricutin, Michoacan. Mexico a cinder cone that erupted beginning ill 1943. In both cases, combining analysis with ring width and ring chemistry improved confidence in the dendro-dating of the eruptions. (C) 2009 Elsevier GmbH All rights reserved C1 [Sheppard, Paul R.; May, Elizabeth M.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ort, Michael H.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ort, Michael H.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Anderson, Kirk C.] No Arizona Univ, Bilby Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Clynne, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sheppard, PR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1125-7865 J9 DENDROCHRONOLOGIA JI Dendrochronologia PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.dendro.2009.09.001 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Plant Sciences; Forestry; Physical Geography GA 543RC UT WOS:000273595000004 ER PT J AU Franklin, J Wejnert, KE Hathaway, SA Rochester, CJ Fisher, RN AF Franklin, Janet Wejnert, Katherine E. Hathaway, Stacie A. Rochester, Carlton J. Fisher, Robert N. TI Effect of species rarity on the accuracy of species distribution models for reptiles and amphibians in southern California SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Classification tree; generalized additive model; generalized linear model; herpetofauna; prevalence; rarity ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; LINEAR-MODELS; PLANT ECOLOGY; TREE; FOREST AB Several studies have found that more accurate predictive models of species' occurrences can be developed for rarer species; however, one recent study found the relationship between range size and model performance to be an artefact of sample prevalence, that is, the proportion of presence versus absence observations in the data used to train the model. We examined the effect of model type, species rarity class, species' survey frequency, detectability and manipulated sample prevalence on the accuracy of distribution models developed for 30 reptile and amphibian species. Coastal southern California, USA. Classification trees, generalized additive models and generalized linear models were developed using species presence and absence data from 420 locations. Model performance was measured using sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plot based on twofold cross-validation, or on bootstrapping. Predictors included climate, terrain, soil and vegetation variables. Species were assigned to rarity classes by experts. The data were sampled to generate subsets with varying ratios of presences and absences to test for the effect of sample prevalence. Join count statistics were used to characterize spatial dependence in the prediction errors. Species in classes with higher rarity were more accurately predicted than common species, and this effect was independent of sample prevalence. Although positive spatial autocorrelation remained in the prediction errors, it was weaker than was observed in the species occurrence data. The differences in accuracy among model types were slight. Using a variety of modelling methods, more accurate species distribution models were developed for rarer than for more common species. This was presumably because it is difficult to discriminate suitable from unsuitable habitat for habitat generalists, and not as an artefact of the effect of sample prevalence on model estimation. C1 [Franklin, Janet; Wejnert, Katherine E.; Fisher, Robert N.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hathaway, Stacie A.; Rochester, Carlton J.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Franklin, J (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM janet@sciences.sdsu.edu NR 65 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381FP UT WOS:000261521400018 ER PT S AU Cawood, PA Kroner, A Collins, WJ Kusky, TM Mooney, WD Windley, BF AF Cawood, Peter A. Kroener, Alfred Collins, William J. Kusky, Timothy M. Mooney, Walter D. Windley, Brian F. BE Cawood, PA Kroner, A TI Accretionary orogens through Earth history SO EARTH ACCRETIONARY SYSTEMS IN SPACE AND TIME SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENGLAND FOLD BELT; TRANS-HUDSON-OROGEN; GLOBAL TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE; GRANITE-GREENSTONE TERRANES; PHANEROZOIC CRUSTAL GROWTH; NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; WESTERN SUPERIOR PROVINCE; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; RIDGE-TRENCH ENCOUNTER AB Accretionary orogens form at intraoceanic and continental margin convergent plate boundaries. They include the supra-subduction zone forearc, magmatic arc and back-arc components. Accretionary orogens can be grouped into retreating and advancing types, based on their kinematic framework and resulting geological character. Retreating orogens (e. g. modern western Pacific) are undergoing long-term extension in response to the site of subduction of the lower plate retreating with respect to the overriding plate and are characterized by back-arc basins. Advancing orogens (e. g. Andes) develop in an environment in which the overriding plate is advancing towards the downgoing plate, resulting in the development of foreland fold and thrust belts and crustal thickening. Cratonization of accretionary orogens occurs during continuing plate convergence and requires transient coupling across the plate boundary with strain concentrated in zones of mechanical and thermal weakening such as the magmatic arc and back-arc region. Potential driving mechanisms for coupling include accretion of buoyant lithosphere (terrane accretion), flat-slab subduction, and rapid absolute upper plate motion overriding the downgoing plate. Accretionary orogens have been active throughout Earth history, extending back until at least 3.2 Ga, and potentially earlier, and provide an important constraint on the initiation of horizontal motion of lithospheric plates on Earth. They have been responsible for major growth of the continental lithosphere through the addition of juvenile magmatic products but are also major sites of consumption and reworking of continental crust through time, through sediment subduction and subduction erosion. It is probable that the rates of crustal growth and destruction are roughly equal, implying that net growth since the Archaean is effectively zero. C1 [Cawood, Peter A.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Kroener, Alfred] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geowissensch, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Collins, William J.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Kusky, Timothy M.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Windley, Brian F.] Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Cawood, PA (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM Peter.Cawood@uwa.edu.au NR 346 TC 271 Z9 285 U1 3 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-278-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2009 VL 318 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.1144/SP318.1 PG 36 WC Geology SC Geology GA BKH27 UT WOS:000268098500002 ER PT S AU Scholl, DW von Huene, R AF Scholl, David W. von Huene, Roland BE Cawood, PA Kroner, A TI Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens SO EARTH ACCRETIONARY SYSTEMS IN SPACE AND TIME SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPREADING-RIDGE SUBDUCTION; ALEUTIAN ISLAND-ARC; SOUTH-CENTRAL ANDES; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; CONVERGENT MARGIN; TECTONIC EROSION; FORE-ARC; NORTH-AMERICA; TRIPLE JUNCTION; CHILE MARGIN AB Arc magmatism at subduction zones (SZs) most voluminously supplies juvenile igneous material to build rafts of continental and intra-oceanic or island arc (CIA) crust. Return or recycling of accumulated CIA material to the mantle is also most vigorous at SZs. Recycling is effected by the processes of sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and detachment and sinking of deeply underthrust sectors of CIA crust. Long-term (> 10-20 Ma) rates of additions and losses can be estimated from observational data gathered where oceanic crust underruns modern, long-running (Cenozoic to mid-Mesozoic) ocean-margin subduction zones (OMSZs, e. g. Aleutian and South America SZs). Long-term rates can also be observationally assessed at Mesozoic and older crust-suturing subduction zone (CSSZs) where thick bodies of CIA crust collided in tectonic contact (e. g. Wopmay and Appalachian orogens, India and SE Asia). At modern OMSZs arc magmatic additions at intra-oceanic arcs and at continental margins are globally estimated at c. 1.5 AU and c. 1.0 AU, respectively (1 AU, or Armstrong Unit, 1 km(3) a(-1) of solid material). During collisional suturing at fossil CSSZs, global arc magmatic addition is estimated at 0.2 AU. This assessment presumes that in the past the global length of crustal collision zones averaged c. 6000 km, which is one-half that under way since the early Tertiary. The average long-term rate of arc magmatic additions extracted from modern OMSZs and older CSSZs is thus evaluated at 2.7 AU. Crustal recycling at Mesozoic and younger OMSZs is assessed at c. 60 km(3) Ma(-1) km(-1) (c. 60% by subduction erosion). The corresponding global recycling rate is c. 2.5 AU. At CSSZs of Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and Proterozoic age, the combined upper and lower plate losses of CIA crust via subduction erosion, sediment subduction, and lower plate crustal detachment and sinking are assessed far less securely at c. 115 km(3) Ma(-1) km(-1). At a global length of 6000 km, recycling at CSSZs is accordingly c. 0.7 AU. The collective loss of CIA crust estimated for modern OMSZs and for older CSSZs is thus estimated at c. 3.2 AU. SZ additions (+2.7 AU) and subtractions (-3.2 AU) are similar. Because many uncertainties and assumptions are involved in assessing and applying them to the deep past, the net growth of CIA crust during at least Phanerozoic time is viewed as effectively nil. With increasing uncertainty, the long-term balance can be applied to the Proterozoic, but not before the initiation of the present style of subduction at c. 3 Ga. Allowing that since this time a rounded-down rate of recycling of 3 AU is applicable, a startlingly high volume of CIA crust equal to that existing now has been recycled to the mantle. Although the recycled volume (c. 9 x 10(9) km(3)) is small (c. 1%) compared with that of the mantle, it is large enough to impart to the mantle the signature of recycled CIA crust. Because subduction zones are not spatially fixed, and their average global lengths have episodically been less or greater than at present, recycling must have contributed significantly to creating recognized heterogeneities in mantle geochemistry. C1 [Scholl, David W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Scholl, David W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [von Huene, Roland] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Scholl, DW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dscholl@usgs.gov NR 132 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-278-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2009 VL 318 BP 105 EP 125 DI 10.1144/SP318.4 PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA BKH27 UT WOS:000268098500005 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, Gregory J. Wolock, David M. TI Snowpack in the Context of Twentieth-Century Climate Variability SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Snow; Climate variability; Western United States ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; NORTH-AMERICA; TRENDS; CIRCULATION; STREAMFLOW; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; ATTRIBUTION AB A monthly snow accumulation and melt model was used with monthly Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) temperature and precipitation data to generate time series of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) for 1900 through 2008 in the western United States. Averaged across the western United States, SWE generally was higher than long-term (1900-2008) average conditions during the periods 1900-25, 1944-55, and 1966-82; SWE was lower than long-term average conditions during the periods 1926-43, 1957-65, and 1984-2008. During the period 1900 2008, the temporal pattern in winter precipitation exhibited wetter-than-average and drier-than-average decadal-scale periods with no long-term increasing or decreasing trend. Winter temperature generally was below average from 1900 to the mid-1950s, close to average from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, and above average from the mid-1980s to 2008. In general, periods of higher-than-average SWE have been associated with higher precipitation and lower temperature. Since about 1980, western U. S. winter temperatures have been consistently higher than long-term average values, and the resultant lower-than-average SWE values have been only partially offset by periods of higher-than-average precipitation. The post-1980 lower-than-average SWE conditions in the western United States are unprecedented within the context of twentieth-century climate and estimated SWE. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2009 VL 13 AR 12 DI 10.1175/2009EI283.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 510LU UT WOS:000271090800003 ER PT J AU Xiao, JF Zhuang, QL Liang, EY McGuire, AD Moody, A Kicklighter, DW Shao, XM Melillo, JM AF Xiao, Jingfeng Zhuang, Qianlai Liang, Eryuan McGuire, A. David Moody, Aaron Kicklighter, David W. Shao, Xuemei Melillo, Jerry M. TI Twentieth-Century Droughts and Their Impacts on Terrestrial Carbon Cycling in China SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Drought; Carbon cycling; Modeling ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; UNITED-STATES; SOIL-MOISTURE; TREE-RINGS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SEVERITY INDEX; CLIMATE VARIABILITY AB Midlatitude regions experienced frequent droughts during the twentieth century, but their impacts on terrestrial carbon balance are unclear. This paper presents a century-scale study of drought effects on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China. The authors first characterized the severe extended droughts over the period 1901-2002 using the Palmer drought severity index and then examined how these droughts affected the terrestrial carbon dynamics using tree-ring width chronologies and a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). It is found that China suffered from a series of severe extended droughts during the twentieth century. The major drought periods included 1920-30, 1939-47, 1956-58, 1960-63, 1965 68, 1978-80, and 1999-2002. Most droughts generally reduced net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in large parts of drought-affected areas. Moreover, some of the droughts substantially reduced the countrywide annual NPP and NEP. Out of the seven droughts, three (1920 30, 1965-68, and 1978-80) caused the countrywide terrestrial ecosystems to switch from a carbon sink to a source, and one (1960-63) substantially reduced the magnitude of the countrywide terrestrial carbon sink. Strong decreases in NPP were mainly responsible for the anomalies in annual NEP during these drought periods. Changes in heterotrophic respiration happened in the same direction, but mostly with smaller magnitude. The results show that severe extended droughts had significant effects on terrestrial carbon cycling in China, although future studies should consider other important processes such as drought-induced mortality and regrowth, land-use change, disturbances (e.g., fire), human management (e.g., fertilization and irrigation), and environmental pollution (e.g., ozone pollution, nitrogen deposition). These drought effects are of particular importance in light of projected widespread summer drying in midlatitude regions during the twenty-first century. Future droughts could lead to a reduced terrestrial carbon sink or even a source and exert a positive feedback to the global climate system. C1 [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Xiao, Jingfeng; Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Liang, Eryuan; Shao, Xuemei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liang, Eryuan; Shao, Xuemei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Moody, Aaron] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Moody, Aaron] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kicklighter, David W.; Melillo, Jerry M.] Ecosyst Ctr, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Xiao, JF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jing@psu.edu RI Liang, Eryuan/A-1435-2010 OI Liang, Eryuan/0000-0002-8003-4264 NR 99 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 61 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2009 VL 13 AR 10 DI 10.1175/2009EI275.1 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 510LU UT WOS:000271090800001 ER PT B AU van Wagtendonk, JW AF van Wagtendonk, Jan W. BE Chuvieco, E TI Fires and Landscape Conservation in Mediterranean Ecosystems SO EARTH OBSERVATION OF WILDLAND FIRES IN MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Protected areas are some of the last remaining areas on Earth where fire can play its natural role at a landscape-scale. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has developed a system for categorizing protected areas. The role fire can play in the various categories depends on the management objectives of the category, the size of the individual units, and the laws and policies of the country in which the unit is located. An analysis of all the IUCN protected areas showed that 505 areas had the potential for conserving landscape fire. Areas in Europe, Africa, South America, Australia, and North America show promise for being able to include fire in the conservation of landscapes. Examples from South Africa, Australia, and the United States show how fire can be incorporated at the landscape scale. Future challenges include increasing urban encroachment, climate change, and air pollution. Society will have to deal with these challenges if fire is to continue its essential ecological role in Mediterranean ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn El Portal, California, CA 95318 USA. RP van Wagtendonk, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn El Portal, California, CA 95318 USA. EM jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-01753-7 PY 2009 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-01754-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-01754-4 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BMQ31 UT WOS:000273343700003 ER PT B AU Chuvieco, E Wagtendonk, J Riano, D Yebra, M Ustin, SL AF Chuvieco, Emilio Wagtendonk, Jan Riano, David Yebra, Marta Ustin, Susan L. BE Chuvieco, E TI Estimation of Fuel Conditions for Fire Danger Assessment SO EARTH OBSERVATION OF WILDLAND FIRES IN MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB A review of physical and chemical properties of fuels relevant for fire ignition and propagation is presented, along with different methods to estimate those properties, with special emphasis on satellite imagery. The discussion is more extended on estimating fuel moisture trends and fuel geometrical properties. C1 [Chuvieco, Emilio; Yebra, Marta] Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Geog, Madrid, Spain. [Wagtendonk, Jan] USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn El Portal, California, CA 95318 USA. [Riano, David; Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riano, David] CNR, Madrid, Spain. RP Chuvieco, E (reprint author), Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Geog, Madrid, Spain. EM chuvieco@uah.es; david.riano@cchs.csic.es; marta.yebra@uah.es; slustin@ucdavis.edu; chuvieco@uah.es RI Riano, David/C-9663-2013; Chuvieco, Emilio /N-6448-2016 OI Riano, David/0000-0002-0198-1424; Chuvieco, Emilio /0000-0001-5618-4759 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-01753-7 PY 2009 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-01754-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-01754-4 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BMQ31 UT WOS:000273343700007 ER PT J AU Lee, TG Lee, K Hein, JR Moon, JW AF Lee, Tae-Gook Lee, Kichwa Hein, James R. Moon, Jai-Woon TI Geophysical investigation of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone, western Pacific SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Ogasawara Fracture Zone; acoustic characteristics; subsidence depth; unconformity ID MAGNETIC ANOMALY LINEATIONS; OCEAN; VOLCANISM AB This paper provides an analysis of multi-channel seismic data obtained during 2000-2001 on seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone (OFZ) northwest of the Marshall Islands in the western Pacific. The OFZ is unique in that it is a wide rift zone that includes many seamounts. Seven units are delineated on the basis of acoustic characteristics and depth: three units (I, II, and III) on the summit of seamounts and four units (IV, V, VI, and VII) in basins. Acoustic characteristics of layers on the summit of guyots and dredged samples indicate that the seamounts had been built above sea level by volcanism. This was followed by reef growth along the summit margin, which enabled deposition of shallow-water carbonates on the summit, and finally by subsidence of the edifices. The subsidence depth of the seamounts, estimated from the lower boundary of unit II, ranges between 1,550 and 2,040 in. The thick unit I of the southern seamounts is correlated with proximity to the equatorial high productivity zone, whereas local currents may have strongly affected the distribution of unit I on northern seamounts. A seismic profile in the basin around the Ita Mai Tai and OSM4 seamounts shows an unconformity between units IV and V, which is widespread from the East Mariana Basin to the Pigafetta Basin. C1 [Lee, Tae-Gook] Korea Natl Oil Corp, Dev Operat Team, Anyang 431711, South Korea. [Lee, Kichwa] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Moon, Jai-Woon] Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Resources Res Dept, Ansan 425600, South Korea. RP Lee, TG (reprint author), Korea Natl Oil Corp, Dev Operat Team, Anyang 431711, South Korea. EM tglee@knoc.co.kr FU Korean Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries [PM138-01] FX We would like to thank the crew of the R/V Onnuri and on-board researchers for their assistance during the cruises. We also thank two reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments which helped improve the paper. This work was supported by a R&D Project (PM138-01) of the Korean Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 319 EP 331 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 418PC UT WOS:000264159500002 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Normark, WR AF Lee, Homa J. Normark, William R. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Prologue SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lee, Homa J.; Normark, William R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hjlee@usgs.gov; hjlee@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(00) PG 5 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800002 ER PT S AU Dartnell, P AF Dartnell, Peter BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Introduction to surficial seafloor mapping and characterization SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dartnell, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pdartnell@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 7 EP 7 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(1.1) PG 1 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800003 ER PT S AU Dartnell, P Gardner, JV AF Dartnell, Peter Gardner, James V. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Seafloor terrain analysis and geomorphology of the greater Los Angeles Margin and San Pedro Basin, Southern California SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESOLUTION MULTIBEAM BATHYMETRY; PALOS VERDES FAULT; MONICA BAY; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; DEBRIS AVALANCHE; CORE COMPLEX; SLOPE; EVOLUTION AB The seafloor off greater Los Angeles, California, has been extensively studied for the past century. Terrain analysis of recently compiled multibeam bathymetry reveals the detailed seafloor morphology along the Los Angeles Margin and San Pedro Basin. The terrain analysis uses the multibeam bathymetry to calculate two seafloor indices, a seafloor slope, and a Topographic Position Index. The derived grids along with depth are analyzed in a hierarchical, decision-tree classification to delineate six seafloor provinces-high-relief shelf, low-relief shelf, steep-basin slope, gentle-basin slope, gullies and canyons, and basins. Rock outcrops protrude in places above the generally smooth continental shelf. Gullies incise the steep-basin slopes, and some submarine canyons extend from the coastline to the basin floor. San Pedro Basin is separated from the Santa Monica Basin to the north by a ridge consisting of the Redondo Knoll and the Redondo Submarine Canyon delta. An 865-m-deep sill separates the two basins. Water depths of San Pedro Basin are similar to 100 m deeper than those in the San Diego Trough to the south, and three passes breach a ridge that separates the San Pedro Basin from the San Diego Trough. Information gained from this study can be used as base maps for such future studies as tectonic reconstructions, identifying sedimentary processes, tracking pollution transport, and defining benthic habitats. C1 [Dartnell, Peter] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gardner, James V.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Dartnell, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pdartnell@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 9 EP 28 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(1.2) PG 20 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800004 ER PT S AU Cochrane, GR Greene, HG AF Cochrane, Guy R. Greene, H. Gary BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Estimating rocky seafloor extent on the Southern California continental shelf SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB High-resolution sonar data are necessary to map bottom substrate for habitat studies but are lacking over much of the continental shelf. With such data, areas covered by sediment can be distinguished from bedrock areas with an accuracy of similar to 90%. Without these data, the extent of sediment as thick as 10 m cannot be resolved, and estimates of the extent of rocky seafloor are exaggerated. A study area north of Anacapa Island in Southern California interpreted as a large rocky area after mapping with low-resolution seismic systems was found to have exposed rocky bottom in only 10% of the area when mapped with high-resolution, side-scan sonar. The area of rock was estimated using video-supervised, sonar-image classification of textural derivatives of the data calculated from gray-level co-occurrence matrices. The classification of soft bottom was found to be similar to 90% accurate using an independent data set, derived from seafloor sampling records. Two general types of rock exposure are observed-sparse linear outcrops of layered sedimentary rocks and more massive, rounded outcrop areas of volcanic rocks. The percentage of exposed rock in volcanic areas exceeded that in sedimentary rock areas by a factor of 5 in the study area north of Anacapa Island. South of Point Arguello, 80% of the shelf seafloor is underlain by sedimentary rock units. The percentage of area that is exposed, rocky-reef habitat may be greater in other areas of coastal seafloor if the bedrock is predominantly volcanic. C1 [Cochrane, Guy R.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Greene, H. Gary] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Cochrane, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM gcochrane@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(1.3) PG 10 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800005 ER PT S AU Warrick, JA Farnsworth, KL AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Farnsworth, Katherine L. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Sources of sediment to the coastal waters of the Southern California Bight SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PALOS-VERDES MARGIN; EFFLUENT-AFFECTED SEDIMENT; DISCHARGE; RIVERS; CHARACTER; EROSION; BUDGETS; CHANNEL; MARSH; OCEAN AB The sources of sediment to the Southern California Bight were investigated with new calculations and published records of sediment fluxes, both natural and anthropogenic. We find that rivers are by far the largest source of sediment, producing over 10 x 10(6) t/yr on average, or over 80% of the sediment input to the Bight. This river flux is variable, however, over both space and time. The rivers draining the Transverse Ranges produce sediment at rates approximately an order of magnitude greater than the Peninsular Ranges (600-1500 t/km(2)/yr versus <90 t/km(2)/yr, respectively). Although the Transverse Range rivers represent only 23% of the total Southern California watershed drainage area, they are responsible for over 75% of the total sediment flux. River sediment flux is ephemeral and highly pulsed due to the semiarid climate and the influence of infrequent large storms. For more than 90% of the time, negligible amounts of sediment are discharged from the region's rivers, and over half of the post-1900 sediment load has been discharged during events with recurrence intervals greater than 10 yr. These rare, yet important, events are related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the majority of sediment flux occurs during ENSO periods. Temporal trends in sediment discharge due to land-use changes and river damming are also observed. We estimate that there has been a 45% reduction in suspended-sediment flux due to the construction of dams. However, pre-dam sediment loads were likely artificially high due to the massive land-use changes of coastal California to rangeland during the nineteenth century. This increase in sediment production is observed in estuarine deposits throughout coastal California, which reveal that sedimentation rates were two to ten times higher during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries than during pre-European colonization. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; Farnsworth, Katherine L.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(2.2) PG 14 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800006 ER PT S AU Warrick, JA Farnsworth, KL AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Farnsworth, Katherine L. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Dispersal of river sediment in the Southern California Bight SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; STORMWATER RUNOFF; PALOS-VERDES; TRANSPORT; PLUME; DYNAMICS; BORDERLAND; DEPOSITION AB The rivers of Southern California deliver episodic pulses of water, sediment, nutrients, and pollutants to the region's coastal waters. Although river-sediment dispersal is observed in positively buoyant (hypopycnal) turbid plumes extending tens of kilometers from river mouths, very little of the river sediment is found in these plumes. Rather, river sediment settles quickly from hypopycnal plumes to the seabed, where transport is controlled by bottom-boundary layer processes, presumably including fluid-mud (hyperpycnal) gravity currents. Here we investigate the geographical patterns of river-sediment dispersal processes by examining suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and the continental shelf morphology offshore river mouths. Throughout Southern California, river sediment is discharged at concentrations adequately high to induce enhanced sediment settling, including negative buoyancy. The rivers draining the Western Transverse Range produce suspended-sediment concentrations that are orders of magnitude greater than those in the urbanized region and Peninsular Range to the south, largely due to differences in sediment yield. The majority of sediment discharge from the Santa Clara River and Calleguas Creek occurs above the theoretical negative buoyancy concentration (>40 g/l). These rivers also produce event sediment loading as great as the Eel River, where fluid-mud gravity currents are observed. The continental shelf of Southern California has variable morphology, which influences the ability to transport via gravity currents. Over half of the rivers examined are adjacent to shelf slopes greater than 0.01, which are adequately steep to sustain auto-suspending gravity currents across the shelf, and have little (<10 m) Holocene sediment accumulation. Shelf settings of the Ventura, Santa Clara, and Tijuana Rivers are very broad and low sloped (less than 0.004), which suggests that fluid-mud gravity currents could transport across these shelves, albeit slowly (similar to 10 cm/s) and only with adequate wave-generated shear stress and sediment loading. Calleguas Creek is unique in that it discharges directly into a steep-sloped canyon (greater than 0.1) that should allow for violent auto-suspending gravity currents. In light of this, only one shelf setting-the Santa Clara and Ventura-has considerable Holocene sediment accumulation (exceeding 60 m), and here we show that the morphology of this shelf is very similar to an equilibrium shape predicted by gravity-current sediment transport. Thus, we conclude that a wide distribution of river-shelf settings occur in the Southern California Bight, which will directly influence sediment dispersal processes-both dilute suspended and gravity-current transport-and sediment-accumulation patterns. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; Farnsworth, Katherine L.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(2.3) PG 15 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800007 ER PT S AU Alexander, CR Lee, HJ AF Alexander, Clark R. Lee, Homa J. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SANTA-MONICA BASIN; PALOS-VERDES SHELF; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; METAL POLLUTION; BARBARA CHANNEL; ORGANIC-CARBON; PEDRO BASINS; RATES; BORDERLAND; DISPERSAL AB Sediment discharged into the portion of the Southern California Bight extending from Santa Barbara to Dana Point enters a complex system of semi-isolated coastal cells, narrow continental shelves, submarine canyons, and offshore basins. On both the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, Pb-210 accumulation rates decrease in an offshore direction (from similar to 0.5 g cm(-2)yr(-1) to 0.02 g cm(-2)yr(-1)), in concert with a fining in sediment grain size (from 4.5 phi to 8.5 phi), suggesting that offshore transport of wave-resuspended material occurs as relatively dilute nepheloid layers and that hemiplegic sedimentation dominates the supply of sediment to the outer shelf, slope, and basins. Together, these areas are effectively sequestering up to 100% of the annual fluvial input. In contrast to the Santa Monica margin, which does not display evidence of mass wasting as an important process of sediment delivery and redistribution, the San Pedro margin does provide numerous examples of failures and mass wasting, suggesting that intraslope sediment redistribution may play a more important role there. Basin deposits in both areas exhibit evidence of turbidites tentatively associated with both major floods and earthquakes, sourced from either the Redondo Canyon (San Pedro Basin) or Dume Canyon (Santa Monica Basin). On the Palos Verdes shelf, sediment-accumulation rates decrease along and across the shelf away from the White's Point outfall, which has been a major source of contaminants to the shelf deposits. Accumulation rates prior to the construction of the outfall were similar to 0.2 g cm(-2)yr(-1) and increased 1.5-3.7 times during peak discharges from the outfall in 1971. The distal rate of accumulation has decreased by similar to 50%, from 0.63 g cm(-2)yr(-1) during the period 1971-1992 to 0.29 g cm(-2)yr(-1) during the period 1992-2003. The proximal rate of accumulation, however, has only decreased similar to 10%, from 0.83 g cm(-2)yr(-1) during the period 1971-1992 to 0.73 g cm(-2)yr(-1) during the period 1992-2003. Effluent-affected sediment layers on the Palos Verdes shelf can be identified in seabed profiles of naturally occurring U-238, which is sequestered in reducing sediments. The Santa Clara River shelf, just north and west of the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, is fine-grained and flood-dominated. Core profiles of excess Pb-210 from sites covering the extent of documented major flood deposition exhibit evidence of rapidly deposited sediment up to 25 cm thick. These beds are developing in an active depocenter in water depths of 30-50 m at an average rate of 0.72 g cm(-2)yr(-1). Budget calculations for annual and 50-yr timescale sediment storage on this shelf shows that 20%-30% of the sediment discharge is retained on the shelf, leaving 70%-80% to be redistributed to the outer shelf, slope, Santa Barbara Basin, and Santa Monica Basin. C1 [Alexander, Clark R.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Lee, Homa J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Alexander, CR (reprint author), Skidaway Inst Oceanog, 10 Ocean Sci Circle, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. EM clark.alexander@skio.usg.edu NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 69 EP 87 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(2.4) PG 19 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800008 ER PT S AU Sommerfield, CK Lee, HJ Normark, WR AF Sommerfield, Christopher K. Lee, Homa J. Normark, William R. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Postglacial sedimentary record of the Southern California continental shelf and slope, Point Conception to Dana Point SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SANTA-MONICA BAY; PALOS-VERDES MARGIN; EFFLUENT-AFFECTED SEDIMENT; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; BARBARA BASIN; LOS-ANGELES; DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS; CHANNEL DIMENSIONS; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT AB Sedimentary strata on the Southern California shelf and slope (Point Conception to Dana Point) display patterns and rates of sediment accumulation that convey information on sea-level inundation, sediment supply, and oceanic transport processes following the Last Glacial Maximum. In Santa Monica Bay and San Pedro Bay, postglacial transgression is recorded in shelf deposits by wave-ravinement surfaces dated at 13-11 ka and an upsection transition from coastal to shallow-marine sediment facies. Depositional conditions analogous to the modern environment were established in the bays by 8-9 ka. On the continental slope, transgression is evidenced in places by an increase in sediment grain size and accumulation rate ca. 15-10 ka, a consequence of coastal ravinement and downslope resedimentation, perhaps in conjunction with climatic increases in fluvial sediment delivery. Grain sizes and accumulation rates then decreased after 12-10 ka when the shelf flooded and backfilled under rising sea level. The Santa Barbara coastal cell contains the largest mass of postglacial sediment at 32-42 x 10(9) metric tons, most of which occurs between offshore Santa Barbara and Hueneme Canyon. The San Pedro cell contains the second largest quantity of sediment, 8-11 x 10(9) metric tons, much of which is present on the eastern Palos Verdes and outer San Pedro shelves. By comparison, the mass of sediment sequestered within the Santa Monica cell is smaller at similar to 6-8 x 10(9) metric tons. The postglacial sediment mass distribution among coastal cells reflects the size of local fluvial sediment sources, whereas intracell accumulation patterns reflect antecedent bathymetric features conducive for sediment bypass or trapping. C1 [Sommerfield, Christopher K.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Lee, Homa J.; Normark, William R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sommerfield, CK (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. EM cs@udel.edu NR 98 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 89 EP 115 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(2.5) PG 27 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800009 ER PT S AU Normark, WR McGann, M Sliter, RW AF Normark, William R. McGann, Mary Sliter, Ray W. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Late Quaternary sediment-accumulation rates within the inner basins of the California Continental Borderland in support of geologic hazard evaluation SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SANTA-MONICA BASIN; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS; OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA; TIME-SCALE; SYSTEMS; HUENEME; MARGIN AB An evaluation of the geologic hazards of the inner California Borderland requires determination of the timing for faulting and mass-movement episodes during the Holocene. Our effort focused on basin slopes and turbidite systems on the basin floors for the area between Santa Barbara and San Diego, California. Dating condensed sections on slopes adjacent to fault zones provides better control on fault history where high-resolution, seismic-reflection data can be used to correlate sediment between the core site and the fault zones. This study reports and interprets 147 radiocarbon dates from 43 U.S. Geological Survey piston cores as well as 11 dates from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1015 on the floor of Santa Monica Basin. One hundred nineteen dates from 39 of the piston cores have not previously been published. Core locations were selected for hazard evaluation, but despite the nonuniform distribution of sample locations, the dates obtained for the late Quaternary deposits are useful for documenting changes in sediment-accumulation rates during the past 30 ka. Cores from basins receiving substantial sediment from rivers, i.e., Santa Monica Basin and the Gulf of Santa Catalina, show a decrease in sediment supply during the middle Holocene, but during the late Holocene after sea level had reached the current highstand condition, rates then increased partly in response to an increase in El Nino-Southern Oscillation events during the past 3.5 ka. C1 [Normark, William R.; McGann, Mary; Sliter, Ray W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmcgann@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 117 EP 139 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(2.6) PG 23 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800010 ER PT S AU Normark, WR Piper, DJW Romans, BW Covault, JA Dartnell, P Sliter, RW AF Normark, William R. Piper, David J. W. Romans, Brian W. Covault, Jacob A. Dartnell, Peter Sliter, Ray W. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SANTA-MONICA BASIN; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA; HOLOCENE SEDIMENT; CLEMENTE-BASIN; PATTERNS; HUENEME; ARCHITECTURE; GEOMETRY AB Late Quaternary turbidite and related gravity-flow deposits have accumulated in basins of the California Borderland under a variety of conditions of sediment supply and sea-level stand. The northern basins (Santa Barbara, Santa Monica, and San Pedro) are closed and thus trap virtually all sediment supplied through submarine canyons and smaller gulley systems along the basin margins. The southern basins (Gulf of Santa Catalina and San Diego Trough) are open, and, under some conditions, turbidity currents flow from one basin to another. Seismic-reflection profiles at a variety of resolutions are used to determine the distribution of late Quaternary turbidites. Patterns of turbidite-dominated deposition during lowstand conditions of oxygen isotope stages 2 and 6 are similar within each of the basins. Chronology is provided by radiocarbon dating of sediment from two Ocean Drilling Program sites, the Mohole test-drill site, and large numbers of piston cores. High-resolution, seismic-stratigraphic frameworks developed for Santa Monica Basin and the open southern basins show rapid lateral shifts in sediment accumulation on scales that range from individual lobe elements to entire fan complexes. More than half of the submarine fans in the Borderland remain active at any given position of relative sea level. Where the continental shelf is narrow, canyons are able to cut head-ward during sea-level transgression and maintain sediment supply to the basins from rivers and longshore currents during highstands. Rivers with high bedload discharge transfer sediment to submarine fans during both highstand and lowstand conditions. C1 [Piper, David J. W.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Normark, William R.; Dartnell, Peter; Sliter, Ray W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Romans, Brian W.; Covault, Jacob A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Piper, DJW (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM DPiper@nrcan.gc.ca OI Romans, Brian/0000-0002-3112-0326 NR 67 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 141 EP 168 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(2.7) PG 28 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800011 ER PT S AU Noble, MA AF Noble, Marlene A. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Introduction to the physical oceanography of the central Southern California Bight SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnoble@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 169 EP 169 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(3.1) PG 1 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800012 ER PT S AU Xu, JP Noble, MA AF Xu, J. P. Noble, Marlene A. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Variability of the Southern California wave climate and implications for sediment transport SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BENEATH RANDOM WAVES; BIGHT; PATTERNS; STRESS; MODELS; SHELF AB We analyzed wave and wind data from 18 buoys in the Southern California Bight to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of the regional wave climate. Point Conception shelters most of the Bight from being directly impacted by North Pacific weather. The wave height inside the sheltered zone and to the east of the Channel Islands is less than half the wave height in the open ocean to the west. Within the sheltered Bight, storm waves (by proxy of being greater than the 95th percentile wave height for more than 6 hours) are mainly from the west, but long period swells (T-p >15 seconds) are mainly from the south-southwest. There are on average two to four storms during each winter month (November-March) and fewer than two storms per month for the rest of the year. The Channel Islands selectively block the westerly swells and make the wave climate in the Santa Barbara Channel different from the rest of the sheltered Bight. A statistically significant wave-height minimum exists in the area offshore Dana Point and Oceanside. The multiyear (2-23 years) wave-data records from all 18 buoys show negligible temporal trend, positive or negative. Like the wave climate, the long-term probability of sediment transport on the continental shelves of the Bight displays large difference between the sheltered and open-ocean (near Point Conception) sites. The return period of incipient sediment motion on the sheltered shelf breaks (one to five months) is at least two orders of magnitude longer than that on the Point Conception shelf break (0.6 day). Similar to the spatial distribution of wave heights, there is a systematic return-period maximum on the shelf off Dana Point and Oceanside. C1 [Xu, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Noble, Marlene A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jpx@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 171 EP 191 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(3.2) PG 21 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800013 ER PT S AU Noble, MA Rosenberger, KJ Hamilton, P Xu, JP AF Noble, Marlene A. Rosenberger, Kurt J. Hamilton, Peter Xu, J. P. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Coastal ocean transport patterns in the central Southern California Bight SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; PALOS-VERDES SHELF; ZONE WATER-QUALITY; HUNTINGTON BEACH; TIDAL CURRENTS; SURF ZONE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNDERCURRENT; VARIABILITY AB In the past decade, several large programs that monitor currents and transport patterns for periods from a few months to a few years were conducted by a consortium of university, federal, state, and municipal agencies in the central Southern California Bight, a heavily urbanized section of the coastal ocean off the west coast of the United States encompassing Santa Monica Bay, San Pedro Bay, and the Palos Verdes shelf. These programs were designed in part to determine how alongshelf and cross-shelf currents move sediments, pollutants, and suspended material through the region. Analysis of the data sets showed that the current patterns in this portion of the Bight have distinct changes in frequency and amplitude with location, in part because the topography of the shelf and upper slope varies rapidly over small spatial scales. However, because the mean, subtidal, and tidal-current patterns in any particular location were reasonably stable with time, one could determine a regional pattern for these current fields in the central Southern California Bight even though measurements at the various locations were obtained at different times. In particular, because the mean near-surface flows over the San Pedro and Palos Verdes shelves are divergent, near-surface waters from the upper slope tend to carry suspended material onto the shelf in the northwestern portion of San Pedro Bay. Water and suspended material are also carried off the shelf by the mean and subtidal flow fields in places where the orientation of the shelf break changes abruptly. The barotropic tidal currents in the central Southern California Bight flow primarily alongshore, but they have pronounced amplitude variations over relatively small changes in alongshelf location that are not totally predicted by numerical tidal models. Nonlinear internal tides and internal bores at tidal frequencies are oriented more across the shelf. They do not have a uniform transport direction, since they move fine sediment from the shelf to the slope in Santa Monica Bay, but carry suspended material from the mid-shelf to the beach in San Pedro Bay. It is clear that there are a large variety of processes that transport sediments and contaminants along and across the shelf in the central Southern California Bight. However, because these processes have a variety of frequencies and relatively small spatial scales, the dominant transport processes tend to be localized and have dissimilar characteristics even in adjacent regions of this small part of the coastal ocean. C1 [Noble, Marlene A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rosenberger, Kurt J.; Xu, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hamilton, Peter] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnoble@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 193 EP 226 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(3.3) PG 34 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800014 ER PT S AU Fisher, MA AF Fisher, Michael A. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Introduction to geologic hazards of offshore Southern California SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fisher, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mfisher@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 227 EP 228 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(4.1) PG 2 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800015 ER PT S AU Fisher, MA Langenheim, VE Nicholson, C Ryan, HF Sliter, RW AF Fisher, Michael A. Langenheim, Victoria E. Nicholson, Craig Ryan, Holly F. Sliter, Ray W. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Recent developments in understanding the tectonic evolution of the Southern California offshore area: Implications for earthquake-hazard analysis SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; OAK-RIDGE FAULT; PALOS-VERDES FAULT; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; INNER CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; WHITTIER-NARROWS EARTHQUAKE; UPPER-CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FORM CROSS-CORRELATION; LATE QUATERNARY SLIP AB During late Mesozoic and Cenozoic time, three main tectonic episodes affected the Southern California offshore area. Each episode imposed its unique structural imprint such that early-formed structures controlled or at least influenced the location and development of later ones. This cascaded structural inheritance greatly complicates analysis of the extent, orientation, and activity of modern faults. These fault attributes play key roles in estimates of earthquake magnitude and recurrence interval. Hence, understanding the earthquake hazard posed by offshore and coastal faults requires an understanding of the history of structural inheritance and modification. In this report we review recent (mainly since 1987) findings about the tectonic development of the Southern California offshore area and use analog models of fault deformation as guides to comprehend the bewildering variety of offshore structures that developed over time. This report also provides a background in regional tectonics for other chapters in this section that deal with the threat from offshore geologic hazards in Southern California. C1 [Fisher, Michael A.; Langenheim, Victoria E.; Ryan, Holly F.; Sliter, Ray W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nicholson, Craig] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fisher, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mfisher@usgs.gov NR 177 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 229 EP 250 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(4.2) PG 22 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800016 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Greene, HG Edwards, BD Fisher, MA Normark, WR AF Lee, Homa J. Greene, H. Gary Edwards, Brian D. Fisher, Michael A. Normark, William R. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; DEBRIS AVALANCHE; SLOPE; TSUNAMI; MARGIN; BASIN; PHYSIOGRAPHY; SEDIMENTARY; FAILURE AB Conventional bathymetry, sidescan-sonar and seismic-reflection data, and recent, multibeam surveys of large parts of the Southern California Borderland disclose the presence of numerous submarine landslides. Most of these features are fairly small, with lateral dimensions less than similar to 2 km. In areas where multibeam surveys are available, only two large landslide complexes were identified on the mainland slope-Goleta slide in Santa Barbara Channel and Palos Verdes debris avalanche on the San Pedro Escarpment south of Palos Verdes Peninsula. Both of these complexes indicate repeated recurrences of catastrophic slope failure. Recurrence intervals are not well constrained but appear to be in the range of 7500 years for the Goleta slide. The most recent major activity of the Palos Verdes debris avalanche occurred roughly 7500 years ago. A small failure deposit in Santa Barbara Channel, the Gaviota mudflow, was perhaps caused by an 1812 earthquake. Most landslides in this region are probably triggered by earthquakes, although the larger failures were likely conditioned by other factors, such as oversteepening, development of shelf-edge deltas, and high fluid pressures. If a subsequent future landslide were to occur in the area of these large landslide complexes, a tsunami would probably result. Runup distances of 10 m over a 30-km-long stretch of the Santa Barbara coastline are predicted for a recurrence of the Goleta slide, and a runup of 3 m over a comparable stretch of the Los Angeles coastline is modeled for the Palos Verdes debris avalanche. C1 [Lee, Homa J.; Edwards, Brian D.; Fisher, Michael A.; Normark, William R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Greene, H. Gary] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hjlee@usgs.gov; hjlee@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 251 EP 269 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(4.3) PG 19 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800017 ER PT S AU Fisher, MA Sorlien, CC Sliter, RW AF Fisher, Michael A. Sorlien, Christopher C. Sliter, Ray W. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Potential earthquake faults offshore Southern California, from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; OAK-RIDGE FAULT; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; PALOS-VERDES FAULT; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; WHITTIER-NARROWS EARTHQUAKE; STRUCTURAL TREND ANALYSIS; UPPER-CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FORM CROSS-CORRELATION; LATE QUATERNARY SLIP AB Urban areas in Southern California are at risk from major earthquakes, not only quakes generated by long-recognized onshore faults but also ones that occur along poorly understood offshore faults. We summarize recent research findings concerning these lesser known faults. Research by the U. S. Geological Survey during the past five years indicates that these faults from the eastern Santa Barbara Channel south to Dana Point pose a potential earthquake threat. Historical seismicity in this area indicates that, in general, offshore faults can unleash earthquakes having at least moderate (M 5-6) magnitude. Estimating the earthquake hazard in Southern California is complicated by strain partitioning and by inheritance of structures from early tectonic episodes. The three main episodes are Mesozoic through early Miocene subduction, early Miocene crustal extension coeval with rotation of the Western Transverse Ranges, and Pliocene and younger transpression related to plate-boundary motion along the San Andreas Fault. Additional complication in the analysis of earthquake hazards derives from the partitioning of tectonic strain into strike-slip and thrust components along separate but kinematically related faults. The eastern Santa Barbara Basin is deformed by large active reverse and thrust faults, and this area appears to be underlain regionally by the north-dipping Channel Islands thrust fault. These faults could produce moderate to strong earthquakes and destructive tsunamis. On the Malibu coast, earthquakes along offshore faults could have left-lateral-oblique focal mechanisms, and the Santa Monica Mountains thrust fault, which underlies the oblique faults, could give rise to large (M similar to 7) earthquakes. Offshore faults near Santa Monica Bay and the San Pedro shelf are likely to produce both strike-slip and thrust earthquakes along northwest-striking faults. In all areas, transverse structures, such as lateral ramps and tear faults, which crosscut the main faults, could segment earthquake rupture zones. C1 [Fisher, Michael A.; Sliter, Ray W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sorlien, Christopher C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fisher, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mfisher@usgs.gov NR 108 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 271 EP 290 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(4.4) PG 20 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800018 ER PT S AU Ryan, HF Legg, MR Conrad, JE Sliter, RW AF Ryan, Holly F. Legg, Mark R. Conrad, James E. Sliter, Ray W. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Recent faulting in the Gulf of Santa Catalina: San Diego to Dana Point SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; OFFSHORE SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; NORTH AMERICA MOTION; SLIP RATES; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS; KINEMATIC MODELS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA AB We interpret seismic-reflection profiles to determine the location and offset mode of Quaternary offshore faults beneath the Gulf of Santa Catalina in the inner California Continental Borderland. These faults are primarily northwest-trending, right-lateral, strike-slip faults, and are in the offshore Rose Canyon-Newport-Inglewood, Coronado Bank, Palos Verdes, and San Diego Trough fault zones. In addition we describe a suite of faults imaged at the base of the continental slope between Dana Point and Del Mar, California. Our new interpretations are based on high-resolution, multichannel seismic (MCS), as well as very high resolution Huntec and GeoPulse seismic-reflection profiles collected by the U. S. Geological Survey from 1998 to 2000 and MCS data collected by WesternGeco in 1975 and 1981, which have recently been made publicly available. Between La Jolla and Newport Beach, California, the Rose Canyon and Newport-Inglewood fault zones are multistranded and generally underlie the shelf break. The Rose Canyon fault zone has a more northerly strike; a left bend in the fault zone is required to connect with the Newport-Inglewood fault zone. A prominent active anticline at mid-slope depths (300-400 m) is imaged seaward of where the Rose Canyon fault zone merges with the Newport-Inglewood fault zone. The Coronado Bank fault zone is a steeply dipping, northwest-trending zone consisting of multiple strands that are imaged from south of the U.S.-Mexico border to offshore of San Mateo Point. South of the La Jolla fan valley, the Coronado Bank fault zone is primarily transtensional; this section of the fault zone ends at the La Jolla fan valley in a series of horsetail splays. The northern section of the Coronado Bank fault zone is less well developed. North of the La Jolla fan valley, the Coronado Bank fault zone forms a positive flower structure that can be mapped at least as far north as Oceanside, a distance of similar to 35 km. However, north of Oceanside, the Coronado Bank fault zone is more discontinuous and in places has no strong physiographic expression. The San Diego Trough fault zone consists of one or two well-defined linear fault strands that cut through the center of the San Diego Trough and strike N30 degrees W. North of the La Jolla fan valley, this fault zone steps to the west and is composed of up to four fault strands. At the base of the continental slope, faults that show recency of movement include the San Onofre fault and reverse, oblique-slip faulting associated with the San Mateo and Carlsbad faults. In addition, the low-angle Oceanside detachment fault is imaged beneath much of the continental slope, although reflectors associated with the detachment are more prominent in the area directly offshore of San Mateo Point. North of San Mateo Point, the Oceanside fault is imaged as a northeast-dipping detachment surface with prominent folds deforming hanging-wall strata. South of San Mateo point, reflectors associated with the Oceanside detachment are often discontinuous with variable dip as imaged in WesternGeco MCS data. Recent motion along the Oceanside detachment as a reactivated thrust fault appears to be limited primarily to the area between Dana and San Mateo Points. Farther south, offshore of Carlsbad, an additional area of folding associated with the Carlsbad fault also is imaged near the base of the slope. These folds coincide with the intersection of a narrow subsurface ridge that trends at a high angle to and intersects the base of the continental slope. The complex pattern of faulting observed along the base of the continental slope associated with the San Mateo, San Onofre, and Carlsbad fault zones may be the result of block rotation. We propose that the clockwise rotation of a small crustal block between the Newport-Inglewood-Rose Canyon and Coronado Bank fault zones accounts for the localized enhanced folding along the Gulf of Santa Catalina margin. Prominent subsurface basement ridges imaged offshore of Dana Point may inhibit along-strike block translation, and thus promote block rotation. C1 [Ryan, Holly F.; Conrad, James E.; Sliter, Ray W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Legg, Mark R.] Legg Geophys, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. RP Ryan, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM Hryan@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 291 EP 315 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(4.5) PG 25 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800019 ER PT S AU Edwards, BD AF Edwards, Brian D. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Introduction to Southern California's coastal groundwater basins and aquifer systems SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Edwards, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bedwards@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 317 EP 318 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(5.1) PG 2 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800020 ER PT S AU Edwards, BD Hanson, RT Reichard, EG Johnson, TA AF Edwards, Brian D. Hanson, Randall T. Reichard, Eric G. Johnson, Theodore A. BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Characteristics of Southern California coastal aquifer systems SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; BORDERLAND; ROTATION AB Most groundwater produced within coastal Southern California occurs within three main types of siliciclastic basins: (1) deep (>600 m), elongate basins of the Transverse Ranges Physiographic Province, where basin axes and related fluvial systems strike parallel to tectonic structure, (2) deep (>6000 m), broad basins of the Los Angeles and Orange County coastal plains in the northern part of the Peninsular Ranges Physiographic Province, where fluvial systems cut across tectonic structure at high angles, and (3) shallow (75-350 m), relatively narrow fluvial valleys of the generally mountainous southern part of the Peninsular Ranges Physiographic Province in San Diego County. Groundwater pumped for agricultural, industrial, municipal, and private use from coastal aquifers within these basins increased with population growth since the mid-1850s. Despite a significant influx of imported water into the region in recent times, groundwater, although reduced as a component of total consumption, still constitutes a significant component of water supply. Historically, overdraft from the aquifers has caused land surface subsidence, flow between water basins with related migration of groundwater contaminants, as well as seawater intrusion into many shallow coastal aquifers. Although these effects have impacted water quality, most basins, particularly those with deeper aquifer systems, meet or exceed state and national primary and secondary drinking water standards. Municipalities, academicians, and local water and governmental agencies have studied the stratigraphy of these basins intensely since the early 1900s with the goals of understanding and better managing the important groundwater resource. Lack of a coordinated effort, due in part to jurisdictional issues, combined with the application of lithostratigraphic correlation techniques (based primarily on well cuttings coupled with limited borehole geophysics) have produced an often confusing, and occasionally conflicting, litany of names for the various formations, lithofacies, and aquifer systems identified within these basins. Despite these nomenclatural problems, available data show that most basins contain similar sequences of deposits and share similar geologic histories dominated by glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations, and overprinted by syndepositional and postdepositional tectonic deformation. Impermeable, indurated mid-Tertiary units typically form the base of each siliciclastic groundwater basin. These units are overlain by stacked sequences of Pliocene to Holocene interbedded marine, paralic, fluvial, and alluvial sediment (weakly indurated, folded, and fractured) that commonly contain the historically named "80-foot sand," "200-foot sand," and "400-foot gravel" in the upper part of the section. An unconformity, cut during the latest Pleistocene lowstand (delta O-18 stage 2; ca. 18 ka), forms a major sequence boundary that separates these units from the overlying Holocene fluvial sands and gravels. Unconfined aquifers occur in amalgamated coarse facies near the bounding mountains (forebay area). These units are inferred to become lithologically more complex toward the center of the basins and coast line, where interbedded permeable and low-permeability alluvial, fluvial, paralic, and marine facies contain confined aquifers (pressure area). Coastal bounding faults limit intrabasin and/or interbasin flow in parts of many basins. C1 [Edwards, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hanson, Randall T.; Reichard, Eric G.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Johnson, Theodore A.] Water Replenishment Dist So Calif, Lakewood, CA 90712 USA. RP Edwards, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bedwards@usgs.gov NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 319 EP 344 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(5.2) PG 26 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800021 ER PT S AU Hanson, RT Izbicki, JA Reichard, EG Edwards, BD Land, M Martin, P AF Hanson, Randall T. Izbicki, John A. Reichard, Eric G. Edwards, Brian D. Land, Michael Martin, Peter BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Comparison of groundwater flow in Southern California coastal aquifers SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE-WATER; MANAGEMENT; CHLORIDE; VENTURA; WELLS AB Development of the coastal aquifer systems of Southern California has resulted in overdraft, changes in streamflow, seawater intrusion, land subsidence, increased vertical flow between aquifers, and a redirection of regional flow toward pumping centers. These water-management challenges can be more effectively addressed by incorporating new understanding of the geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical setting of these aquifers. Groundwater and surface-water flow are controlled, in part, by the geologic setting. The physiographic province and related tectonic fabric control the relation between the direction of geomorphic features and the flow of water. Geologic structures such as faults and folding also control the direction of flow and connectivity of groundwater flow. The layering of sediments and their structural association can also influence pathways of groundwater flow and seawater intrusion. Submarine canyons control the shortest potential flow paths that can result in seawater intrusion. The location and extent of offshore outcrops can also affect the flow of groundwater and the potential for seawater intrusion and land subsidence in coastal aquifer systems. As coastal aquifer systems are developed, the source and movement of groundwater and surface-water resources change. In particular, groundwater flow is affected by the relative contributions of different types of inflows and outflows, such as pumpage from multi-aquifer wells within basal or upper coarse-grained units, streamflow infiltration, and artificial recharge. These natural and anthropogenic inflows and outflows represent the supply and demand components of the water budgets of groundwater within coastal watersheds. They are all significantly controlled by climate variability related to major climate cycles, such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The combination of natural forcings and anthropogenic stresses redirects the flow of groundwater and either mitigates or exacerbates the potential adverse effects of resource development, such as declining water levels, seawater intrusion, land subsidence, and mixing of different waters. Streamflow also has been affected by development of coastal aquifer systems and related conjunctive use. Saline water is the largest water-quality problem in Southern California coastal aquifer systems. Seawater intrusion is a significant source of saline water, but saline water is also known to come from other sources and processes. Seawater intrusion is typically restricted to the coarse-grained units at the base of fining-upward sequences of terrestrial deposits, and at the top of coarsening upward sequences of marine deposits. This results in layered and narrow intrusion fronts. Maintaining the sustainability of Southern California coastal aquifers requires joint management of surface water and groundwater (conjunctive use). This requires new data collection and analyses (including research drilling, modern geohydrologic investigations, and development of detailed computer groundwater models that simulate the supply and demand components separately), implementation of new facilities (including spreading and injection facilities for artificial recharge), and establishment of new institutions and policies that help to sustain the water resources and better manage regional development. C1 [Hanson, Randall T.; Izbicki, John A.; Reichard, Eric G.; Land, Michael; Martin, Peter] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Edwards, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hanson, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM rthanson@usgs.gov NR 78 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 345 EP 373 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(5.3) PG 29 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800022 ER PT S AU Edwards, BD Ehman, KD Ponti, DJ Reichard, EG Tinsley, JC Rosenbauer, RJ Land, M AF Edwards, Brian D. Ehman, Kenneth D. Ponti, Daniel J. Reichard, Eric G. Tinsley, John C. Rosenbauer, Robert J. Land, Michael BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Stratigraphic controls on saltwater intrusion in the Dominguez Gap area of coastal Los Angeles SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALIFORNIA; BORDERLAND AB The Los Angeles Basin is a densely populated coastal area that significantly depends on groundwater. A part of this groundwater supply is at risk from saltwater intrusion-the impetus for this study. High-resolution seismic-reflection data collected from the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor Complex have been combined with borehole geophysical and descriptive geological data from four nearby similar to 400-m-deep continuously cored wells and with borehole geophysical data from adjacent water and oil wells to characterize the Pliocene to Holocene stratigraphy of the Dominguez Gap coastal aquifer system. The new data are shown as a north-south, two-dimensional, sequence-stratigraphic model that is compared to existing lithostratigraphic models of the Los Angeles Basin in an attempt to better understand pathways of saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers. Intrusion of saltwater into the coastal aquifer system generally is attributed to over-pumping that caused the hydraulic gradient to reverse during the mid-1920s. Local water managers have used the existing lithostratigraphic model to site closely spaced injection wells of freshwater (barrier projects) attempting to hydraulically control the saltwater intrusion. Improved understanding of the stratigraphic relationships can guide modifications to barrier design that will allow more efficient operation. Allostratigraphic nomenclature is used to define a new sequence-stratigraphic model for the area because the existing lithostratigraphic correlations that have been used to define aquifer systems are shown not to be time-correlative. The youngest sequence, the Holocene Dominguez sequence, contains the Gaspur aquifer at its base. The Gaspur aquifer is intruded with saltwater and consists of essentially flat-lying gravelly sands deposited by the ancestral Los Angeles River as broad channels that occupied a paleovalley incised into the coastal plain during the last glacio-eustatic highstand. The underlying sequences are deformed into a broad anticlinal fold that occurs parallel to, but similar to 2 km north of, the axis of the Pliocene Wilmington anticline. The Dominguez sequence breaches the crest of the young anticline, cuts through the upper Pleistocene Mesa and Pacific sequences, and into the middle Pleistocene Harbor sequence. Saltwater migrates along channels within the Dominguez sequence and into the underlying sequences (composed mostly of shallow marine and tidal sands, silts, and clays) that contain the classically defined Gage and Lynwood aquifers. The newly recognized Pacific Coast Highway fault cuts through the core of this young fold and is downthrown on the northern side, thereby creating accommodation space for a thick succession of middle Pleistocene sediments that constitute the Upper Wilmington sequence. North of the Pacific Coast Highway fault, the Upper Wilmington sequence contains the classic Silverado aquifer (composed of fluviodeltaic deposits); the Silverado is the primary freshwater aquifer for the West Coast and Central Los Angeles Groundwater Basins. Pore fluid and electric log analyses show the upper part of this aquifer to be saline-intruded near the crest of the young fold. This relationship implies that some saltwater is migrating into deeper aquifers from above, across the regional unconformity that marks the base of the Harbor sequence (ca. 240-270 ka). This sequence-stratigraphic model provides new insight into the potential flow paths for saltwater intrusion, and as such, should allow improved characterization of fluid flow that will aid in transport model studies and in managing groundwater resources. C1 [Edwards, Brian D.; Ponti, Daniel J.; Tinsley, John C.; Rosenbauer, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ehman, Kenneth D.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Reichard, Eric G.; Land, Michael] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Edwards, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bedwards@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 375 EP 395 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(5.4) PG 21 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800023 ER PT S AU McGann, M AF McGann, Mary BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Introduction to contaminant and biological implications SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmcgann@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 397 EP 398 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(6.1) PG 2 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800024 ER PT S AU McGann, M AF McGann, Mary BE Lee, HJ Normark, WR TI Review of impacts of contaminated sediment on microfaunal communities in the Southern California Bight SO EARTH SCIENCE IN THE URBAN OCEAN: THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EFFLUENT-AFFECTED SEDIMENT; SANTA-MONICA BAY; PALOS-VERDES MARGIN; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; OUTFALL AREA; POLLUTION; SEWAGE; BIOACCUMULATION; P,P'-DDE AB A comparison of foraminiferal faunal trends in pristine and impacted regions on the continental shelf and slope of the Southern California Bight, as well as variations in the temporal foraminiferal distribution patterns from 1955 to 1998, suggest that the benthic microfaunal communities have been greatly affected by the presence of contaminated sediment near the major outfall sites. Six species were most impacted: Trochammina pacifica, Bulimina denudata, Eggerella advena, Buliminella elegantissima, Nonionella stella, and Nonionella basispinata. The silver contaminant-tolerant and organic-waste indicating species Trochammina pacifica and Bulimina denudata dominated the outfall regions in the mid-century but declined in abundance in the 1990s after sewage treatment and sludge disposal activities improved. Over the same time period, the abundance of Eggerella advena, a pioneer colonizer of formerly impacted waste-discharge sites tolerant of most trace-metal and organic contaminants, increased dramatically on the shelf, whereas Buliminella elegantissima, a nitrogen-favoring taxon, dominated the nearshore regions except at the pristine site. In contrast, the contaminant-sensitive species Nonionella stella and Nonionella basispinata dominated the shelf assemblages in pristine to low-impacted areas in the late 1950s and early 1960s but were rare to absent near the outfalls, even after remediation efforts were put into effect. Although most other species patterns, as well as the amphipod survival and sea urchin fertilization tests, show that the enhanced sewage treatment programs improved sediment conditions, the inability of Nonionella stella and Nonionella basispinata to reinhabit formerly colonized areas suggests that not all faunal trends have returned to pre- or early-outfall levels even with remediation. The sensitivity of foraminifers to the presence of contaminated sediments suggests that they are a useful tool in evaluating the impact of anthropogenic contamination on microfaunal communities. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmcgann@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2454-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 454 BP 413 EP 455 DI 10.1130/2009.2454(6.3) PG 43 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BTB29 UT WOS:000286334800026 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL Converse, SJ Doherty, PF Naughton, MB Anders, A Hines, JE Flint, E AF Kendall, William L. Converse, Sarah J. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. Naughton, Maura B. Anders, Angela Hines, James E. Flint, Elizabeth TI Sampling design considerations for demographic studies: a case of colonial seabirds SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE albatross; buffer area; capture-recapture; dead recoveries; double banding; incidental observations; less invasive robust design; multistate models; Phoebastria immutabilis; Phoebastria nigripes; robust design; tag loss ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; BAND-RECOVERY DATA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; TAG LOSS; ESTIMATING SURVIVAL; LAYSAN ALBATROSSES; SEA-TURTLES; PROBABILITIES AB For the purposes of making many informed conservation decisions, the main goal for data collection is to assess population status and allow prediction of the consequences of candidate management actions. Reducing the bias and variance of estimates of population parameters reduces uncertainty in population status and projections, thereby reducing the overall uncertainty under which a population manager must make a decision. In capture recapture studies, imperfect detection of individuals, unobservable life-history states, local movement outside study areas, and tag loss can cause bias or precision problems with estimates of population parameters. Furthermore, excessive disturbance to individuals during capture-recapture sampling may be of concern because disturbance may have demographic consequences. We address these problems using as an example a monitoring program for Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) and Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) nesting populations in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. To mitigate these estimation problems, we describe a synergistic combination of sampling design and modeling approaches. Solutions include multiple capture periods per season and multistate, robust design statistical models, dead recoveries and incidental observations, telemetry and data loggers, buffer areas around study plots to neutralize the effect of local movements outside study plots, and double banding and statistical models that account for band loss. We also present a variation on the robust capture-recapture design and a corresponding statistical model that minimizes disturbance to individuals. For the albatross case study, this less invasive robust design was more time efficient and, when used in combination with a traditional robust design, reduced the standard error of detection probability by 14% with only two hours of additional effort in the field. These field techniques and associated modeling approaches are applicable to studies of most taxa being marked and in some cases have individually been applied to studies of birds, fish, herpetofauna, and mammals. C1 [Kendall, William L.; Converse, Sarah J.; Hines, James E.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.] Colorado State Univ, USGS, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Naughton, Maura B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Flint, Elizabeth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wkendall@usgs.gov OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 NR 63 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1890/07-1072.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409OR UT WOS:000263516200005 PM 19323173 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Zedler, PH AF Keeley, Jon E. Zedler, Paul H. TI Large, high-intensity fire events in southern California shrublands: debunking the fine-grain age patch model SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE 19th century; Baja California; chaparral; fine-grain age patch mosaic; fire history; high-intensity fires; megafires; sage scrub; Santa Ana winds ID MEDITERRANEAN-CLIMATE SHRUBLANDS; NORTHERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; FUEL AGE; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; REGIMES; ECOSYSTEMS; WILDFIRES; DYNAMICS AB We evaluate the fine-grain age patch model of. re regimes in southern California shrublands. Proponents contend that the historical condition was characterized by frequent small to moderate size, slow-moving smoldering fires, and that this regime has been disrupted by fire suppression activities that have caused unnatural fuel accumulation and anomalously large and catastrophic wild fires. A review of more than 100 19th-century newspaper reports reveals that large, high-intensity wild. res predate modern fire suppression policy, and extensive newspaper coverage plus first-hand accounts support the conclusion that the 1889 Santiago Canyon Fire was the largest fire in California history. Proponents of the fine-grain age patch model contend that even the very earliest 20th-century fires were the result of. re suppression disrupting natural fuel structure. We tested that hypothesis and found that, within the fire perimeters of two of the largest early fire events in 1919 and 1932, prior. re suppression activities were insufficient to have altered the natural fuel structure. Over the last 130 years there has been no significant change in the incidence of large fires greater than 10 000 ha, consistent with the conclusion that fire suppression activities are not the cause of these. re events. Eight megafires (>= 50 000 ha) are recorded for the region, and half have occurred in the last five years. These burned through a mosaic of age classes, which raises doubts that accumulation of old age classes explains these events. Extreme drought is a plausible explanation for this recent rash of such events, and it is hypothesized that these are due to droughts that led to increased dead fine fuels that promoted the incidence of firebrands and spot fires. A major shortcoming of the fine-grain age patch model is that it requires age-dependent flammability of shrubland fuels, but seral stage chaparral is dominated by short-lived species that create a dense surface layer of fie fuels. Results from the Behave Plus. re model with a custom fuel module for young chaparral shows that there is sufficient dead fuel to spread fire even under relatively little winds. Empirical studies of fuel ages burned in recent. res illustrate that young fuels often comprise a major portion of burned vegetation, and there is no difference between evergreen chaparral and semi-deciduous sage scrub. It has also been argued that the present-day fire size distribution in northern Baja California is a model of the historical patterns that were present on southern California landscapes. Applying this model with historical fire frequencies shows that the Baja model is inadequate to maintain these fire-prone ecosystems and further demonstrates that fire managers in southern California are not likely to learn much from studying modern Baja California. re regimes. Further supporting this conclusion are theoretical cellular automata models of. re spread, which show that, even in systems with age dependent flammability, landscapes evolve toward a complex age mosaic with a plausible age structure only when there is a severe stopping rule that constrains fire size, and only if ignitions are saturating. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zedler, Paul H.] Univ Wisconsin Madison Arboretum, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Zedler, Paul H.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov FU USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project; U.S. National Park Service FX These ideas have been improved by insights and stimulating discussions with C. J. Fotheringham, Richard Halsey, Max Moritz, Richard Hawkins, Mike Rohde, Phil Rundel, Hugh Safford, Jose Delgadillo, and Marti Witter. We thank Tom McGinnis for assistance with the BEHAVE modeling, Robert Taylor for providing Santa Monica Mountains stand age data, Anne Pfaff for providing. re maps and other GIS help, Sarah Graber for fire history data, Stanley Berryman for assistance in place names on the former Santa Margarita Ranch, Cheryl Oakes of the Forest History Society, and to Katie Keeley for assistance in transcribing newspaper articles and scanning images. Thanks to Mike Rohde and Mike Ferdig from the Orange County Fire Authority for maps and reports on the Santiago Fire. Sarah and Emily Zedler consulted on the MATLAB programming. We acknowledge support from the USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project and the U.S. National Park Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 107 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 14 U2 66 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 69 EP 94 DI 10.1890/08-0281.1 PG 26 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409OR UT WOS:000263516200006 PM 19323174 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, VB Bowker, MA O'Dell, TE Grace, JB Redman, AE Rillig, MC Johnson, NC AF Chaudhary, V. Bala Bowker, Matthew A. O'Dell, Thomas E. Grace, James B. Redman, Andrea E. Rillig, Matthias C. Johnson, Nancy C. TI Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; arid ecosystems; biological soil crusts; erosion control; soil stability; structural equation modeling (SEM) ID ARBUSCULAR-MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; AGGREGATE STABILITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; REVEGETATION PRACTICES; COLORADO PLATEAU; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; ARID WEST; GLOMALIN; EROSION AB Communities of plants, biological soil crusts (BSCs), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to influence soil stability individually, but their relative contributions, interactions, and combined effects are not well understood, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. In a landscape-scale field study we quantified plant, BSC, and AM fungal communities at 216 locations along a gradient of soil stability levels in southern Utah, USA. We used multivariate modeling to examine the relative influences of plants, BSCs, and AM fungi on surface and subsurface stability in a semiarid shrubland landscape. Models were found to be congruent with the data and explained 35% of the variation in surface stability and 54% of the variation in subsurface stability. The results support several tentative conclusions. While BSCs, plants, and AM fungi all contribute to surface stability, only plants and AM fungi contribute to subsurface stability. In both surface and subsurface models, the strongest contributions to soil stability are made by biological components of the system. Biological soil crust cover was found to have the strongest direct effect on surface soil stability (0.60; controlling for other factors). Surprisingly, AM fungi appeared to influence surface soil stability (0.37), even though they are not generally considered to exist in the top few millimeters of the soil. In the subsurface model, plant cover appeared to have the strongest direct influence on soil stability (0.42); in both models, results indicate that plant cover influences soil stability both directly (controlling for other factors) and indirectly through influences on other organisms. Soil organic matter was not found to have a direct contribution to surface or subsurface stability in this system. The relative influence of AM fungi on soil stability in these semiarid shrublands was similar to that reported for a mesic tallgrass prairie. Estimates of effects that BSCs, plants, and AM fungi have on soil stability in these models are used to suggest the relative amounts of resources that erosion control practitioners should devote to promoting these communities. This study highlights the need for system approaches in combating erosion, soil degradation, and arid-land desertification. C1 [Chaudhary, V. Bala; Bowker, Matthew A.; Redman, Andrea E.; Johnson, Nancy C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bowker, Matthew A.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, E-28933 Madrid, Spain. [O'Dell, Thomas E.] Remediators Inc, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. [Grace, James B.] USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Redman, Andrea E.] Western Ag Innovat, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Rillig, Matthias C.] Free Univ Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Chaudhary, VB (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM vbc2@nau.edu RI Rillig, Matthias/B-3675-2009 OI Rillig, Matthias/0000-0003-3541-7853 FU Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Program of the Bureau of Land Management [JSA990018]; ARCS Foundation Fellowship FX This research was funded by the Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Program of the Bureau of Land Management (JSA990018). Additional funding was provided by an ARCS Foundation Fellowship to V. B. Chaudhary. Laboratory assistance was provided by T. Baker, M. Halldorson, T. Irving, and R. Rieder. We thank C. A. Gehring for helpful comments on an earlier draft and R. M. Miller for assistance during a priori model construction. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 77 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 59 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 110 EP 122 DI 10.1890/07-2076.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409OR UT WOS:000263516200008 PM 19323176 ER PT J AU Yoshizaki, J Pollock, KH Brownie, C Webster, RA AF Yoshizaki, Jun Pollock, Kenneth H. Brownie, Cavell Webster, Raymond A. TI Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; closed-population models; evolving tags; misidentification; natural tags; photographic identification; population size estimate ID INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-SIZE AB Misidentification of animals is potentially important when naturally existing features (natural tags) are used to identify individual animals in a capture-recapture study. Photographic identification (photoID) typically uses photographic images of animals' naturally existing features as tags (photographic tags) and is subject to two main causes of identification errors: those related to quality of photographs (non-evolving natural tags) and those related to changes in natural marks (evolving natural tags). The conventional methods for analysis of capture-recapture data do not account for identification errors, and to do so requires a detailed understanding of the misidentification mechanism. Focusing on the situation where errors are due to evolving natural tags, we propose a misidentification mechanism and outline a framework for modeling the effect of misidentification in closed population studies. We introduce methods for estimating population size based on this model. Using a simulation study, we show that conventional estimators can seriously overestimate population size when errors due to misidentification are ignored, and that, in comparison, our new estimators have better properties except in cases with low capture probabilities (< 0.2) or low misidentification rates (< 2.5%). C1 [Yoshizaki, Jun] N Carolina State Univ, Biomath Grad Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Yoshizaki, Jun; Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brownie, Cavell] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Webster, Raymond A.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yoshizaki, J (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jyoshizaki@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1890/08-0304.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 406TV UT WOS:000263318700002 PM 19294906 ER PT J AU Martin, J Nichols, JD McIntyre, CL Ferraz, G Hines, JE AF Martin, Julien Nichols, James D. McIntyre, Carol L. Ferraz, Goncalo Hines, James E. TI Perturbation analysis for patch occupancy dynamics SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; Denali National Park; Alaska; detection probabilities; elasticity; Golden Eagles; local extinction and colonization probabilities; patch occupancy models; rarity; sensitivity ID ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; MODEL; EVOLUTIONARY; COLONIZATION; EXTINCTION; VARIANCE; PATTERNS AB Perturbation analysis is a powerful tool to study population and community dynamics. This article describes expressions for sensitivity metrics reflecting changes in equilibrium occupancy resulting from small changes in the vital rates of patch occupancy dynamics (i.e., probabilities of local patch colonization and extinction). We illustrate our approach with a case study of occupancy dynamics of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting territories. Examination of the hypothesis of system equilibrium suggests that the system satisfies equilibrium conditions. Estimates of vital rates obtained using patch occupancy models are used to estimate equilibrium patch occupancy of eagles. We then compute estimates of sensitivity metrics and discuss their implications for eagle population ecology and management. Finally, we discuss the intuition underlying our sensitivity metrics and then provide examples of ecological questions that can be addressed using perturbation analyses. For instance, the sensitivity metrics lead to predictions about the relative importance of local colonization and local extinction probabilities in influencing equilibrium occupancy for rare and common species. C1 [Martin, Julien] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Martin, Julien; Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [McIntyre, Carol L.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Ferraz, Goncalo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Inst Nacl Pesquisas Ama, BR-69011 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Ferraz, Goncalo] Fiocruz MS, Inst Leonidas & Maria Deane, BR-69057 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM julienm@ufl.edu RI Ferraz, Goncalo/C-3860-2008 OI Ferraz, Goncalo/0000-0001-8748-0462 FU U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource Program FX We thank Hal Caswell, Bill Link, Beth Gardner, Elise Zipkin, Maggie MacCluskie, Joel Schmutz, Larissa Bailey, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and/or discussions. We thank the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource Program for funding this project. We are particularly grateful to Paul Geissler for sponsoring and coordinating funding for this research. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1890/08-0646.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 406TV UT WOS:000263318700003 PM 19294907 ER PT J AU Wardwell, D Allen, CR AF Wardwell, Donald Allen, Craig R. TI Variability in Population Abundance is Associated with Thresholds between Scaling Regimes SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE body mass; Breeding Bird Survey; Everglades; phase transition; scale; textural discontinuity hypothesis ID BODY-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTINCTION; DYNAMICS AB Discontinuous structure in landscapes may result in discontinuous, aggregated species body-mass patterns, reflecting the scales of structure available to animal communities within a landscape. The edges of these body-mass aggregations reflect transitions between available scales of landscape structure. Such transitions, or scale breaks, are theoretically associated with increased biological variability. We hypothesized that variability in population abundance is greater in animal species near the edge of body-mass aggregations than it is in species that are situated in the interior of body-mass aggregations. We tested this hypothesis by examining both temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of species in the bird community of the Florida Everglades sub-ecoregion, USA. Analyses of both temporal and spatial variability in population abundance supported our hypothesis. Our results indicate that variability within complex systems may be non-random, and is heightened where transitions in scales of process and structure occur. This is the first explicit test of the hypothetical relationship between increased population variability and scale breaks. C1 [Allen, Craig R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. FU United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 2 AR 42 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 610CK UT WOS:000278707200015 ER PT B AU Zipperer, WC Guntenspergen, GR AF Zipperer, Wayne C. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. BE McDonnell, MJ Hahs, AK Breuste, JH TI Vegetation composition and structure of forest patches along urban-rural gradients SO ECOLOGY OF CITIES AND TOWNS: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Zipperer, Wayne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Superior, WI USA. RP Zipperer, WC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 110806,Bldg 164,Morwy Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA BN 978-0-521-67833-9 PY 2009 BP 274 EP 286 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511609763.018 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511609763 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BKR81 UT WOS:000269033200017 ER PT B AU Guntenspergen, GR Baldwin, AH Hogan, DM Neckles, HA Nielsen, MG AF Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Baldwin, Andrew H. Hogan, Dianna M. Neckles, Hilary A. Nielsen, Martha G. BE McDonnell, MJ Hahs, AK Breuste, JH TI Valuing urban wetlands: modification, preservation and restoration SO ECOLOGY OF CITIES AND TOWNS: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Superior, WI 54880 USA. [Hogan, Dianna M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Baldwin, Andrew H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Neckles, Hilary A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Nielsen, Martha G.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Guntenspergen, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Superior, WI 54880 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA BN 978-0-521-67833-9 PY 2009 BP 503 EP 520 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511609763.030 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511609763 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BKR81 UT WOS:000269033200029 ER PT J AU Garrott, RA White, PJ Otton, JK Chaffee, MA AF Garrott, Robert A. White, P. J. Otton, James K. Chaffee, Maurice A. BE Garrott, RA White, PJ Watson, FGR TI Living in Yellowstone's Caldera: A Geochemical Trophic Cascade in Elk SO ECOLOGY OF LARGE MAMMALS IN CENTRAL YELLOWSTONE: SIXTEEN YEARS OF INTEGRATED FIELD STUDIES SE Terrestrial Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLANTS; DEER AB Though the geology of earth's rare geothermal environments and their associated microbial communities are intensely studied, less scientific attention has focused on their potential effects through the plant-herbivore-carnivore trophic chain. The west-central portion of Yellowstone National Park contains a 2000-km(2) volcanic caldera with 2- to 60-million-year-old, predominantly rhyolitic, rocks that produce relatively infertile soils. The caldera area contains one of the largest concentrations of active geothermal features in the world, including thousands of geysers, fumaroles, hot springs, and mud pots. In many other chapters of this book, we address the ecological impacts of this unique geology to the ecology of the large mammals that live within the caldera, primarily through the effects of geothermal heat on snow pack. In this chapter, we explore the unique geochemistry of the geothermal environments and the consequences of this geochemistry to elk and perhaps other herbivores that reside within the caldera. These studies were prompted by behavioral and demographic observations of elk during the initial years of our studies that we could not explain and, in turn, led us to formulate hypotheses about potential geochemical influences on elk ecology. Specifically, we contrast the concentrations of fluoride (F) and silica (SiO2) found in the Madison headwaters area with areas on Yellowstone's northern range located approximately 50 km to the northwest, where geothermal features are rare or absent. We then trace the consequences of geochemical differences through abiotic and biotic linkages in the ecosystem. C1 [Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. [Otton, James K.; Chaffee, Maurice A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Geol Div, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Garrott, RA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092105-1 J9 TERR ECOL SER PY 2009 VL 3 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S1936-7961(08)00210-8 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BCN91 UT WOS:000310802800010 ER PT J AU Mynsberge, AR Strager, MP Strager, JM Mazik, PM AF Mynsberge, Alison R. Strager, Michael P. Strager, Jacquelyn M. Mazik, Patricia M. TI Developing predictive models for freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) in the Appalachians: Limitations and directions for future research SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Appalachians; freshwater mussels; predictive modelling; species occurrences ID PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; LAND-USE; POPULATION-CHANGE; RIPARIAN ZONES; CONSERVATION; FISH; STREAMS; RIVER; CLASSIFICATION AB Eastern North America contains the greatest diversity of freshwater mussels in the world. Additional information on threats and on habitat requirements and distributions of freshwater mussels is necessary to preserve diverse freshwater mussel communities, as many species are in decline. Models of freshwater mussels can predict species distributions by determining natural and anthropogenic environmental factors within the watershed, riparian area, or upstream that may influence occurrences. Subwatershed-based models developed for Elliptio complanata and E. dilatata in the Mid-Atlantic and Ohio drainage regions of the United States using existing survey data performed well on training datasets but did not accurately predict independent species occurrences. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the quality of existing data, the utility of subwatershed- based models, and the feasibility of modelling freshwater mussel distributions across large extents. C1 [Mynsberge, Alison R.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Strager, Michael P.] W Virginia Univ, Div Resource Management, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Strager, Jacquelyn M.] W Virginia Univ, Nat Resource Anal Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Mazik, Patricia M.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mynsberge, AR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM alison.mynsberge@cfc.umt.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX Mussel information was provided with the permission of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History; the Illinois Natural History Survey; the Ohio State University; the Maryland Biological Stream Survey; the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program; Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, Middletown, Pennsylvania and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania; Dr. W. Lellis of the US Geological Survey, Wellsboro, Pennsylvania; H. Dunn, Ecological Specialists, Inc., O'Fallon, Missouri; and J. Clayton, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Elkins, West Virginia. D. Strayer and S. Crimmins provided helpful comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. This research was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Geological Survey. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.2980/16-3-3221 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 501HK UT WOS:000270372000012 ER PT J AU Sitzlar, MA Mora, MA Fleming, JGW Bazer, FW Bickham, JW Matson, CW AF Sitzlar, M. A. Mora, M. A. Fleming, J. G. W. Bazer, F. W. Bickham, J. W. Matson, C. W. TI Potential effects of environmental contaminants on P450 aromatase activity and DNA damage in swallows from the Rio Grande and Somerville, Texas SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Contaminants; DNA damage; Flow cytometry; Lower Rio Grande; Swallows; P450 aromatase ID CELL-LINES; ESTROGEN; GENOTOXICITY; EXPOSURE; CYTOCHROME-P450; BIOSYNTHESIS; PESTICIDES; BIOMARKERS; TOXAPHENE; CHEMICALS AB Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and cave swallows ( P. fulva) were sampled during the breeding season at several locations in the Rio Grande, Texas, to evaluate the potential effects of environmental contaminants on P450 aromatase activity in brain and gonads and DNA damage in blood cells. The tritiated water-release aromatase assay was used to measure aromatase activity and flow cytometry was used to measure DNA damage in nucleated blood cells. There were no significant differences in brain and gonadal aromatase activities or in estimates of DNA damage (HPCV values) among cave swallow colonies from the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) and Somerville. However, both brain and gonadal aromatase activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in male cliff swallows from Laredo than in those from Somerville. Also, DNA damage estimates were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cliff swallows ( males and females combined) from Laredo than in those from Somerville. Contaminants of current high use in the LRGV, such as atrazine, and some of the highly persistent organochlorines, such as toxaphene and DDE, could be potentially associated with modulation of aromatase activity in avian tissues. Previous studies have indicated possible DNA damage in cliff swallows. We did not observe any differences in aromatase activity or DNA damage in cave swallows that could be associated with contaminant exposure. Also, the differences in aromatase activity and DNA damage between male cliff swallows from Laredo and Somerville could not be explained by contaminants measured at each site in previous studies. Our study provides baseline information on brain and gonadal aromatase activity in swallows that could be useful in future studies. C1 [Sitzlar, M. A.; Mora, M. A.; Bickham, J. W.; Matson, C. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mora, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Brazos Field Stn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fleming, J. G. W.; Bazer, F. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fleming, J. G. W.; Bazer, F. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Anim Biotechnol & Genom, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bickham, J. W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Matson, C. W.] Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol & Environm Hlth Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mmora@tamu.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010; OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357; Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s10646-008-0251-8 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396JY UT WOS:000262589200003 PM 18670880 ER PT B AU Estes, JA Bodkin, JL Ben-David, M AF Estes, J. A. Bodkin, J. L. Ben-David, M. BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Otters, Marine SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIVER OTTERS; SEA OTTERS; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITIES; MUSTELIDAE; CARNIVORA; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; ALASKA C1 [Estes, J. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Ecol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bodkin, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Ben-David, M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Estes, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Ecol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 807 EP 816 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200175 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Wood, RM Sheehan, KR AF Welsh, Stuart A. Wood, Robert M. Sheehan, Kenneth R. TI Threatened fishes of the world: Crystallaria cincotta Welsh and Wood 2008 (Percidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article ID DARTER C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Robert M.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Sheehan, Kenneth R.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 191 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s10641-008-9405-z PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 402JQ UT WOS:000263010400007 ER PT J AU Hatzinger, PB Bohlke, JK Sturchio, NC Gu, B Heraty, LJ Borden, RC AF Hatzinger, Paul B. Bohlke, John Karl Sturchio, Neil C. Gu, Baohua Heraty, Linnea J. Borden, Robert C. TI Fractionation of stable isotopes in perchlorate and nitrate during in situ biodegradation in a sandy aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; DENITRIFICATION; REDUCTION; CHLORINE; BIOREMEDIATION; GROUNDWATER; CONTAMINANT; METABOLISM AB An in situ experiment was performed in a shallow alluvial aquifer in Maryland to quantify the fractionation of stable isotopes in perchlorate (Cl and O) and nitrate (N and O) during biodegradation. An emulsified soybean oil substrate that was previously injected into this aquifer provided the electron donor necessary for biological perchlorate reduction and denitrification. During the field experiment, groundwater extracted from an upgradient well was pumped into an injection well located within the in situ oil barrier, and then groundwater samples were withdrawn for the next 30 h. After correction for dilution (using Br(-) as a conservative tracer of the injectate), perchlorate concentrations decreased by 78% and nitrate concentrations decreased by 82% during the initial 8.6 h after the injection. The observed ratio of fractionation effects of O and Cl isotopes in perchlorate (is an element of(18)O/is an element of(37)Cl) was 2.6, which is similar to that observed in the laboratory using pure cultures (2.5). Denitrification by indigenous bacteria fractionated O and N isotopes in nitrate at a ratio of similar to 0.8 (is an element of(18)O/is an element of(15)N), which is within the range of values reported previously for denitrification. However, the magnitudes of the individual apparent in situ isotope fractionation effects for perchlorate and nitrate were appreciably smaller than those reported in homogeneous closed systems (0.2 to 0.6 times), even after adjustment for dilution. These results indicate that (1) isotope fractionation factor ratios (is an element of(18)O/is an element of(37)Cl, is an element of(18)O/is an element of(15)N) derived from homogeneous laboratory systems (e. g. pure culture studies) can be used qualitatively to confirm the occurrence of in situ biodegradation of both perchlorate and nitrate, but (2) the magnitudes of the individual apparent is an element of values cannot be used quantitatively to estimate the in situ extent of biodegradation of either anion. C1 [Hatzinger, Paul B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Bohlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sturchio, Neil C.; Heraty, Linnea J.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Borden, Robert C.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hatzinger, PB (reprint author), Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM paul.hatzinger@shawgrp.com RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Borden, Robert/E-6602-2011 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; FU US Department of Defence Environmental Security Technology [ER-0509]; USGS National Research Program FX The present project was supported by the US Department of Defence Environmental Security Technology Certification Program ( Project ER-0509), and the USGS National Research Program in Water Resources. Assistance in the USGS laboratory was provided by Stanley Mroczkowski and Janet Hannon. Helpful reviews were provided by Richard L. Smith, Christopher Green, and several anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 19 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1071/EN09008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413AL UT WOS:000263765200007 ER PT J AU Balouet, JC Smith, KT Vroblesky, D Oudijk, G AF Balouet, Jean Christophe Smith, Kevin T. Vroblesky, Don Oudijk, Gil TI Use of Dendrochronology and Dendrochemistry in Environmental Forensics: Does It Meet the Daubert Criteria? SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; dendrochemistry; dendroecology; forensics; Daubert criteria; tree-rings ID TREE-RING CHEMISTRY; TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; RED SPRUCE; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; CHLORINATED ETHENES; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; XYLEM RINGS; X-RAY; WOOD; VARIABILITY AB Dendrochronological methods have been in use for more than 100 years, providing us a record of climate, human activities (archaeology), floods, fire, mudslides and other geological and biological events. More recently, dendrochemisty has been used to assess the time frames of the onset and existence of environmental contamination. This article assesses the scientific status of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry with respect to the admissibility of expert testimony and Daubert legal criteria. The purpose of this article is to identify the crucial scientific aspects of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry that address the Daubert criteria and Rule 702 as amended in 2000. To clarify terminology, dendrochronology is the precise and reliable assignment of the year of formation of tree rings. Dendroecology is the use of dendrochronology to understand ecological and environmental processes (Schweingruber, 1996). Dendrochemistry is a subdiscipline of dendrochronology that analyzes and interprets the wood chemistry of precisely dated tree rings. Forensic dendrochemistry applies dendrochemistry to resolve environmental disputes and generally deal with questions regarding the timing and/or the source of environmental incidents. One significant application of forensic dendrochemistry to expert testimony is to address issues of anthropogenic contamination. Forensic dendroecology is a similar term to forensic dendrochemistry, but forensic dendrochemistry will be used in this discussion as the latter term emphasizes the use of chemical detection methods. Because dendrochemistry is based on the foundation of dendrochronology, both the former specialty and the latter broader discipline will be discussed. C1 [Balouet, Jean Christophe] Environm Int, F-60129 Orrouy, France. [Smith, Kevin T.] Agr Forest Serv, US Dept, Durham, NH USA. [Vroblesky, Don] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. [Oudijk, Gil] Triassic Technol Inc, Hopewell, NJ USA. RP Balouet, JC (reprint author), Environm Int, 2 Ruelle Hamet, F-60129 Orrouy, France. EM jcbalouet@aol.com FU Ioana Petrisor of Haley Aldrich FX This article has been made possible through the researchwork of hundreds of scientists and technicians worldwide, hundreds of whom are cited in our bibliography. Special acknowledgements go to Paul Krusic, of the Tree-Ring Lab, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, and of the Bert Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm, for his highly attentive most valuable remarks and suggestions. Special thanks also go to the parties who funded dendrochemistry research, and to Ioana Petrisor of Haley & Aldrich and Gary Bigham of Exponent for their attentive considerations and support to dendrochemistry, and many others including attorneys and forensic scientists who anonymously gave their time and suggestions. NR 88 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 268 EP 276 AR PII 917900717 DI 10.1080/15275920903347545 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 534LX UT WOS:000272899700002 ER PT J AU Zahid, A Hassan, MQ Breit, GN Balke, KD Flegr, M AF Zahid, Anwar Hassan, M. Q. Breit, G. N. Balke, K. -D. Flegr, Matthias TI Accumulation of iron and arsenic in the Chandina alluvium of the lower delta plain, Southeastern Bangladesh SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; Arsenic distribution; Iron oxides; Soil and sediments; Trace metals ID BENGAL BASIN; WEST-BENGAL; REDUCING CONDITIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTS; AQUIFERS; MOBILIZATION; RELEASE; SOILS AB Accumulations of iron, manganese, and arsenic occur in the Chandina alluvium Of Southeastern Bangladesh within 2.5 in of the ground Surface. These distinctive orange-brown horizons are subhorizontal and consistently occur within 1 m of the contact of the aerated (yellow-brown) and water-saturated (gray) sediment. Ferric oxyhydroxide precipitates that define the horizons form by oxidation of reduced iron in pore waters near the top of the saturated zone when exposed to air in the unsaturated sediment. Hydrous Fe-oxide has a high specific surface area and thus a high adsorption capacity that absorbs the bulk of arsenic also present in the reduced pore water, resulting in accumulations containing as much as 280 ppm arsenic. The steep redox gradient that characterizes the transition of saturated and unsaturated sediment also favors accumulation of manganese oxides in the oxidized sediment. Anomalous concentrations of phosphate and molybdenum also detected in the ferric oxyhydroxide-enriched sediment are attributed to sorption processes. C1 [Zahid, Anwar; Hassan, M. Q.] Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Zahid, Anwar] Bangladesh Water Dev Board, Ground Water Hydrol, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Breit, G. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Balke, K. -D.; Flegr, Matthias] Univ Tubingen, Inst Geol & Paleontol, Tubingen, Germany. RP Zahid, A (reprint author), Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. EM anwarzahid_b@yahoo.com FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Bangladesh Water Development Board FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Christoph Berthold. Department of Sedinientology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; Dr. Jorn Breuer, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Hohenticim, Germny and Mrs. Renate Richle, Institute for Geology and Paleontology, University of Tuebingen for their kind support in performing laboratory analyses. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and Bangladesh Water Development Board are gratefully acknowledged, respectively, for providing a research fellowship to the first author to perform laboratory work in Germany and allowing the research to be carried out. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 EI 1573-2983 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PY 2009 VL 31 SU 1 SI SI BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10653-008-9226-1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 452SA UT WOS:000266560300007 PM 19096906 ER PT J AU Berhanu, D Dybowska, A Misra, SK Stanley, CJ Ruenraroengsak, P Boccaccini, AR Tetley, TD Luoma, SN Plant, JA Valsami-Jones, E AF Berhanu, Deborah Dybowska, Agnieszka Misra, Superb K. Stanley, Chris J. Ruenraroengsak, Pakatip Boccaccini, Aldo R. Tetley, Teresa D. Luoma, Samuel N. Plant, Jane A. Valsami-Jones, Eugenia TI Characterisation of carbon nanotubes in the context of toxicity studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Environment and Human Health Programme/Annual Science Day Conference and Workshop CY FEB 24-25, 2009 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND AB Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionise our futures, but has also prompted concerns about the possibility that nanomaterials may harm humans or the biosphere. The unique properties of nanoparticles, that give them novel size dependent functionalities, may also have the potential to cause harm. Discrepancies in existing human health and environmental studies have shown the importance of good quality, well-characterized reference nanomaterials for toxicological studies. Here we make a case for the importance of the detailed characterization of nanoparticles, using several methods, particularly to allow the recognition of impurities and the presence of chemically identical but structurally distinct phases. Methods to characterise fully, commercially available multi-wall carbon nanotubes at different scales, are presented. C1 [Berhanu, Deborah; Dybowska, Agnieszka; Misra, Superb K.; Stanley, Chris J.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Berhanu, Deborah; Misra, Superb K.; Boccaccini, Aldo R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Berhanu, Deborah; Ruenraroengsak, Pakatip; Tetley, Teresa D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London SW3 6LY, England. [Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Luoma, Samuel N.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Plant, Jane A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Valsami-Jones, E (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM d.berhanu@nhm.ac.uk; a.dybowska@nhm.ac.uk; s.misra@nhm.ac.uk; c.stanley@nhm.ac.uk; p.ruenraroengsak@imperial.ac.uk; a.boccaccini@imperial.ac.uk; t.tetley@imperial.ac.uk; s.luoma@nhm.ac.uk; j.plant@imperial.ac.uk; e.valsami-jones@nhm.ac.uk RI Boccaccini, Aldo/C-7905-2013; Tetley, Teresa/B-3288-2016; Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016; OI Dybowska, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8927-0159; Ruenraroengsak, Pakatip/0000-0002-4345-9159; Stanley, Christopher/0000-0002-6015-5210 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Medical Research Council [, G0700926]; Wellcome Trust NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PY 2009 VL 8 AR S3 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S3 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 541PZ UT WOS:000273431900003 PM 20102588 ER PT J AU Diebel, M Maxted, J Robertson, D Han, S Vander Zanden, M AF Diebel, Matthew W. Maxted, Jeffrey T. Robertson, Dale M. Han, Seungbong Vander Zanden, M. Jake TI Landscape Planning for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Reduction III: Assessing Phosphorus and Sediment Reduction Potential SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Riparian buffers; Nonpoint source pollution; Land cover; Phosphorus; Sediment; Prioritization ID RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFERS; REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION SCHEME; STREAM CHANNEL EROSION; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE WATERS; CENTRAL IOWA; BEAR CREEK; MANAGEMENT AB Riparian buffers have the potential to improve stream water quality in agricultural landscapes. This potential may vary in response to landscape characteristics such as soils, topography, land use, and human activities, including legacies of historical land management. We built a predictive model to estimate the sediment and phosphorus load reduction that should be achievable following the implementation of riparian buffers; then we estimated load reduction potential for a set of 1598 watersheds (average 54 km(2)) in Wisconsin. Our results indicate that land cover is generally the most important driver of constituent loads in Wisconsin streams, but its influence varies among pollutants and according to the scale at which it is measured. Physiographic (drainage density) variation also influenced sediment and phosphorus loads. The effect of historical land use on present-day channel erosion and variation in soil texture are the most important sources of phosphorus and sediment that riparian buffers cannot attenuate. However, in most watersheds, a large proportion (approximately 70%) of these pollutants can be eliminated from streams with buffers. Cumulative frequency distributions of load reduction potential indicate that targeting pollution reduction in the highest 10% of Wisconsin watersheds would reduce total phosphorus and sediment loads in the entire state by approximately 20%. These results support our approach of geographically targeting nonpoint source pollution reduction at multiple scales, including the watershed scale. C1 [Diebel, Matthew W.; Maxted, Jeffrey T.; Vander Zanden, M. Jake] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Robertson, Dale M.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53562 USA. [Han, Seungbong] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Diebel, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mwdiebel@wisc.edu OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146; Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX Support for this research was provided by a grant from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Kate Barrett assembled the point source discharge data and Maggie Buck calculated landscape metrics. We thank all the participants in the Wisconsin Buffer Initiative who helped articulate the goals that led to this research, particularly Pete Nowak, Steve Ventura, John Norman, Laura Good, and Christine Molling. Michael Burkart and Kristen Blann provided comments that substantially improved the manuscript. NR 64 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9139-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384RW UT WOS:000261762900007 PM 18521658 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Mahler, BJ Wilson, JT AF Van Metre, Peter C. Mahler, Barbara J. Wilson, Jennifer T. TI PAHs Underfoot: Contaminated Dust from Coal-Tar Sealcoated Pavement is Widespread in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; URBAN; SEDIMENTS; INDICATORS AB We reported in 2005 that runoff from parking lots treated with coal-tar-based sealcoat was a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to streams in Austin, Texas. Here we present new data from nine U.S. cities that show nationwide patterns in concentrations of PAHs associated with sealcoat. Dust was swept from parking lots in six cities in the central and eastern U.S., where coal-tar-based sealcoat dominates use, and three cites in the western U.S., where asphalt-based sealcoat dominates use. For six central and eastern cities, median Sigma PAH concentrations in dust from sealcoated and unsealcoated pavement are 2200 and 27 mg/kg, respectively. For three western cities, median Sigma PAH concentrations in dust from sealcoated and unsealcoated pavement are similar and very low (2.1 and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively). Lakes in the central and eastern cities where pavement was sampled have bottom sediments with higher PAH concentrations than do those in the western cities relative to degree of urbanization Bottom-sediment PAH assemblages are similar to those of sealcoated pavement dust regionally, implicating coal-tar-based sealcoat as a PAH source to the central and eastern lakes. Concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene in dust from coal-tar sealcoated pavement and adjacent soils greatly exceed generic soil screening levels, suggesting that research on human-health risk is warranted. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.; Wilson, Jennifer T.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1021/es802119h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000008 PM 19209579 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Fuller, CC AF Van Metre, Peter C. Fuller, Christopher C. TI Dual-Core Mass-Balance Approach for Evaluating Mercury and Pb-210 Atmospheric Fallout and Focusing to Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SEDIMENT CORES; NORTH-AMERICA; DEPOSITION; TRENDS; FLUXES; ACCUMULATION; CONTAMINANTS; CHRONOLOGY; CALIFORNIA AB Determining atmospheric deposition rates of mercury and other contaminants using lake sediment cores requires a quantitative understanding of sediment focusing. Here we present a novel approach that solves mass-balance equations for two cores algebraically to estimate contaminant contributions to sediment from direct atmospheric fallout and from watershed and in-lake focusing. The model is applied to excess Pb-210 and Hg in cores from Hobbs Lake, a high-altitude lake in Wyoming. Model results for excess Pb-210 are consistent with estimates of fallout and focusing factors computed using excess Pb-210 burdens in lake cores and soil cores from the watershed and model results for Hg fallout are consistent with fallout estimated using the soil-core-based Pb-210 focusing factors. The lake cores indicate small increases in mercury deposition beginning in the late 1800s and large increases after 1940, with the maximum at the tops of the cores of 16-20 mu g/m(2).year. These results suggest that global Hg emissions and possibly regional emissions in the western United States are affecting the north-central Rocky Mountains. Hg fallout estimates are generally consistent with fallout reported from an ice core from the nearby Upper Fremont Glacier, but with several notable differences. The model might not work for lakes with complex geometries and multiple sediment inputs, but for lakes with simple geometries, like Hobbs, it can provide a quantitative approach for evaluating sediment focusing and estimating contaminant fallout. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1021/es801490c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000009 PM 19209580 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR Geis, SW Bowman, G Failey, GG Rutter, TD AF Corsi, Steven R. Geis, Steven W. Bowman, George Failey, Greg G. Rutter, Troy D. TI Aquatic Toxicity of Airfield-Pavement Deicer Materials and Implications for Airport Runoff SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT DEICER; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; IMPACT AB Concentrations of airfield-pavement deicer materials (PDM) in a study of airport runoff often exceeded levels of concern regarding aquatic toxicity. Toxicity tests on Vibrio fischeri, Pimephales promelas, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Pseudokirch-neriella subcapitata (commonly known as Selenastrum capricornutum) were performed with potassium acetate (K-Ac) PDM, sodium formate (Na-For) PDM, and with freezing-point depressants (K-Ac and Na-For). Results indicate that toxicity in PDM is driven by the freezing-point depressants in all tests except the Vibrio fisheri test for Na-For PDM which is influenced by an additive. Acute toxicity end points for different organisms ranged from 298 to 6560 mg/L (as acetate) for K-Ac PDM and from 1780 to 4130 mg/L (as formate) for Na-For PDM. Chronic toxicity end points ranged from 19.9 to 336 mg/L (as acetate) for K-Ac PDM and from 584 to 1670 mg/L (as formate) for Na-For PDM. Sample results from outfalls at General Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee, WI (GMIA) indicated that 40% of samples had concentrations greater than the aquatic-life benchmark for K-Ac PDM. K-Ac has replaced urea during the 1990s as the most widely used PDM at GMIA and in the United States. Results of ammonia samples from airport outfalls during periods when urea-based PDM was used at GMIA indicated that 41% of samples had concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 1-h water-quality criterion. The USEPA 1-h water-quality criterion for chloride was exceeded in 68% of samples collected in the receiving stream, a result of road-salt runoff from urban influence near the airport. Results demonstrate that PDM must be considered to comprehensively evaluate the impact of chemical deicers on aquatic toxicity in water containing airport runoff. C1 [Corsi, Steven R.; Rutter, Troy D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Geis, Steven W.; Bowman, George] Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Failey, Greg G.] Gen Mitchell Int Airport, Milwaukee, WI 53207 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov FU Milwaukee County (General Mitchell International Airport); U.S. Geological Survey FX Support for this research was provided by Milwaukee County (General Mitchell International Airport) and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the biomonitoring, organic chemistry, and inorganic chemistry units of the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene for providing analytical services, especially Leroy Dobson and Amy Mager for analytical contributions. We thank many people in the U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Water Science Center, that contributed to this research and Lisa Nowell for technical review of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1021/es8017732 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000011 PM 19209582 ER PT J AU Diaz, X Johnson, WP Oliver, WA Naftz, DL AF Diaz, Ximena Johnson, William P. Oliver, Wade A. Naftz, David L. TI Volatile Selenium Flux from the Great Salt Lake, Utah SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL SELENIDE; NORTH-SEA; USA; DIMETHYLSULPHONIOPROPIONATE; ATMOSPHERE; WATER AB The removal mechanisms that govern Se concentrations in the Great Salt Lake are unknown despite this terminal lake being an avian habitat of hemispheric importance. However, the volatilization flux of Se from the Great Salt Lake has not been previously measured due to challenges of analysis in this hypersaline environment. This paper presents results from recent field studies examining the spatial distribution of dissolved volatile Se (areally and with depth) in the south arm (main body) of the Great Salt Lake. The analyses involved collection of dissolved volatile Se in a cryofocusing trap system via sparging with helium. The cryotrapped volatile Se was digested with nitric acid and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show concentrations of dissolved volatile Se that increase with depth in the shallow brine, suggesting that phytoplankton in the open waters and bioherms in shallow sites (<4 m in depth) may be responsible for volatile Se production. Volatile Se flux to the atmosphere was determined using mass transport models corrected to simulate the highly saline environment of the South arm of the The estimated annual flux of volatile Se Great Salt Lake. was 1455 kg/year within a range from 560 to 3780 kg Se/year for the 95% confidence interval and from 970 to 2180 kg Se/year within the 68% confidence interval. C1 [Diaz, Ximena; Johnson, William P.; Oliver, Wade A.; Naftz, David L.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Johnson, WP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 135 South 1460 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM william.johnson@utah.edu RI Johnson, William/G-7733-2011; Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 FU State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality (DWQ); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This project was funded by the State of Utah, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality (DWQ) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The authors want to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments during review of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1021/es801638w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388JL UT WOS:000262016000013 PM 19209584 ER PT J AU Pearce, CI Pattrick, RAD Law, N Charnock, JM Coker, VS Fellowes, JW Oremland, RS Lloyd, JR AF Pearce, Carolyn I. Pattrick, Richard A. D. Law, Nicholas Charnock, John M. Coker, Victoria S. Fellowes, Jon W. Oremland, Ronald S. Lloyd, Jonathan R. TI Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: Geobacter sulfurreducens, Shewanella oneidensis and Veillonella atypica SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bionanominerals; bioreduction; selenium; metal-reducing bacteria; microbial biogeochemistry ID CURVED-WAVE THEORY; ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; AMORPHOUS SELENIUM; SELENATE REMOVAL; AMINO-ACID; REDUCTION; SE; NANOPARTICLES; INTOXICATION; SELENOCYSTEINE AB The metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens, Shewanella oneidensis and Veillonella atypica, use different mechanisms to transform toxic, bioavailable sodium selenite to less toxic, non-mobile elemental selenium and then to selenide in anaerobic environments, offering the potential for in situ and ex situ bioremediation of contaminated soils, sediments, industrial effluents, and agricultural drainage waters. The products of these reductive transformations depend on both the organism involved and the reduction conditions employed, in terms of electron donor and exogenous extracellular redox mediator. The intermediary phase involves the precipitation of elemental selenium nanospheres and the potential role of proteins in the formation of these structures is discussed. The bionanomineral phases produced during these transformations, including both elemental selenium nanospheres and metal selenide nanoparticles, have catalytic, semiconducting and light-emitting properties, which may have unique applications in the realm of nanophotonics. This research offers the potential to combine remediation of contaminants with the development of environmentally friendly manufacturing pathways for novel bionanominerals. C1 [Pearce, Carolyn I.; Pattrick, Richard A. D.; Law, Nicholas; Charnock, John M.; Coker, Victoria S.; Fellowes, Jon W.; Lloyd, Jonathan R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sch Earth Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pearce, CI (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM carolyn.pearce@manchester.ac.uk RI Coker, Victoria/B-4181-2012 FU RCUK; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are greatly indebted to P. Lens for his organization of the G16 conference. The financial support from RCUK is acknowledged. The authors thank A. Bewsher for the IC analysis, P. Lythgoe for the ICP-AES and J. Waters for his assistance with XRD analysis. STFC Daresbury Laboratory are acknowledged for the provision of beamtime (grant no. 50242) and R. Bilsborrow is acknowledged for his assistance on 16.5. Portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, with special thanks to R. Zuckermann (Biological Nanostructures Facility). Mass spectrometry was performed by L. Kohlstaedt at the Vincent J. Coates Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, UC Berkeley and the authors also thank M. Wilkins for his advice in this area. The authors are grateful to J. Moreau for his assistance with density-based separation techniques and T. Prakash for invaluable discussions on the production of Se-based nanomaterials. NR 63 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 45 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1313 EP 1326 AR PII 915892336 DI 10.1080/09593330902984751 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515ZB UT WOS:000271510300011 PM 19950474 ER PT J AU Marshall, FE Wingard, GL Pitts, P AF Marshall, Frank E., III Wingard, G. Lynn Pitts, Patrick TI A Simulation of Historic Hydrology and Salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling Paleoecologic Assemblage Data with Regression Models SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Everglades; Paleoecology; Statistical models; Restoration targets; Hydrology; Salinity ID FLORIDA BAY; FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDES; RECORDS; RESTORATION; SUBSTRATE; TRENDS AB Restoration of Florida's Everglades requires scientifically supportable hydrologic targets. This study establishes a restoration baseline by developing a method to simulate hydrologic and salinity conditions prior to anthropogenic changes. The method couples paleoecologic data on long-term historic ecosystem conditions with statistical models derived from observed meteorologic and hydrologic data that provide seasonal and annual variation. Results indicate that pre-drainage freshwater levels and hydroperiods in major sloughs of the Everglades were about 0.15 m higher and two to four times greater, respectively, on average compared to today's values. Pre-drainage freshwater delivered to the wetlands and estuaries is estimated to be 2.5 to four times greater than the modern-day flow, and the largest deficit is during the dry season. In Florida Bay, salinity has increased between 5.3 and 20.1 with the largest differences in the areas near freshwater outflow points. These results suggest that additional freshwater flows to the Everglades are needed for restoration of the freshwater marshes of the Everglades and estuarine environment of Florida Bay, particularly near the end of the dry season. C1 [Marshall, Frank E., III] Cetacean Log Fdn Inc, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32169 USA. [Wingard, G. Lynn] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pitts, Patrick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Marshall, FE (reprint author), Cetacean Log Fdn Inc, 109 Esther St, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32169 USA. EM fmarshall@cetaceanlogic.org FU Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (ENP); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Studies South Florida Study Unit FX The modeling research was supported by the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (ENP) and the RECOVER branch of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The paleoecologic work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Studies South Florida Study Unit. Special thanks to DeWitt Smith (ENP) and Cheryl Buckingham (USACE) for financial support and technical guidance, to Ronnie Best (USGS) and Lorraine Heisler (USF&WS) for implementing workshops on the application of paleoecologic data that led to this collaboration, and to David Hallac (ENP) for stimulating the initial discussions. We would like to thank Thomas M. Cronin and Debra A. Willard (USGS) for early reviews of this manuscript. Emily Philips (USGS) prepared the GIS map in Fig. 1. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 395DZ UT WOS:000262504600004 ER PT J AU Williams, SL Carranza, A Kunzelman, J Datta, S Kuivila, KM AF Williams, Susan L. Carranza, Albert Kunzelman, Jennifer Datta, Seema Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Effects of the Herbicide Diuron on Cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) Reflectance and Photosynthetic Parameters SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Salt marsh; Fluorescence; Spectral radiometry; NDVI; Contaminants; Herbicides; Stress indicators ID SALT-MARSH SEDIMENT; II INHIBITING HERBICIDES; LEAF OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; PIGMENT CONTENT; SOYBEAN PLANTS; PESTICIDE LOAD; SURFACE-WATER AB Early indicators of salt marsh plant stress are needed to detect stress before it is manifested as changes in biomass and coverage. We explored a variety of leaf-level spectral reflectance and fluorescence variables as indicators of stress in response to the herbicide diuron. Diuron, a Photosystem II inhibitor, is heavily used in areas adjacent to estuaries, but its ecological effects are just beginning to be recognized. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed Spartina foliosa, the native cordgrass in California salt marshes, to two levels of diuron. After plant exposure to diuron for 28 days, all spectral reflectance indices and virtually all fluorescence parameters indicated reduced pigment and photosynthetic function, verified as reduced CO(2) assimilation. Diuron exposure was not evident, however, in plant morphometry, indicating that reflectance and fluorescence were effective indicators of sub-lethal diuron exposure. Several indices (spectral reflectance index ARI and fluorescence parameters EQY, Fo, and maximum rETR) were sensitive to diuron concentration. In field trials, most of the indices as well as biomass, % cover, and canopy height varied predictably and significantly across a pesticide gradient. In the field, ARI and Fo regressed most significantly and strongly with pesticide levels. The responses of ARI and Fo in both the laboratory and the field make these indices promising as sensitive, rapid, non-destructive indicators of responses of S. foliosa to herbicides in the field. These techniques are employed in remote sensing and could potentially provide a link between landscapes of stressed vegetation and the causative stressor(s), which is crucial for effective regulation of pollution. C1 [Williams, Susan L.; Carranza, Albert; Kunzelman, Jennifer] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Datta, Seema] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Williams, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. EM slwilliams@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR); Pacific Estuarine Ecosystem Indicator Research (PEEIR) Consortium; U.S. EPA Agreement [R-882867601] FX This research has been supported by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Estuarine and Great Lakes (EaGLe) program through funding to the Pacific Estuarine Ecosystem Indicator Research (PEEIR) Consortium, U.S. EPA Agreement #R-882867601. Although the research described in the article has been funded wholly or in part by this Agreement, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We thank Andy Smith and Stephanie Smith for assistance in the greenhouse exposure study and with diuron analyses. The Aquatic Resources Group at the Bodega Marine Laboratory assisted with Spartina culture. We appreciate the support of our PEEIR colleagues, particularly Drs. Hwang, Green, and Young, who made available their original pesticide data. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 146 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9114-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 395DZ UT WOS:000262504600011 ER PT S AU Twichell, D Nelson, CH Kenyon, N Schwab, W AF Twichell, David Hans Nelson, C. Kenyon, Neil Schwab, William BE Kneller, B Martinsen, OJ McCaffrey, B TI THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL PROCESSES ON THE HOLOCENE EVOLUTION OF THE MISSISSIPPI FAN SO EXTERNAL CONTROLS ON DEEP-WATER DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS SE Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SEPM-GSL Joint Research Conference CY MAR 27-29, 2006 CL London, ENGLAND SP Soc Sedimentary Geology DE Mississippi Fan; Holocene; sediment gravity flows; bottom currents ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SHELF-MARGIN DELTAS; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; TURBIDITE SYSTEMS; LAST DEGLACIATION; DEPOSITIONAL LOBE; LINKED DEBRITES; DEEP CURRENTS; MELTWATER AB The Mississippi Fan is a Plio-Pleistocene deposit that occupies much of the eastern Gulf of Mexico Basin. Sidescan sonar imagery, high-resolution seismic profiles, and short cores indicate a three-stage progression in the evolution of the fan surface since the last lowstand of sea level: (1) deposition of turbidites and debrites on the distal fan sourced from the shelf edge during the initial stage of the Holocene transgression, (2) failures in the Mississippi Canyon and along the adjacent continental slope that buried large areas of the surface of the proximal Mississippi Fan, including the channel that had previously supplied sediment to the distal fan, and (3) continued reworking of the surface of the fan and the overlying hemipelagic cover by bottom currents up to the present. Because not all of this progression in depositional styles is recorded in any one place on the fan, both an accurate chronology and a regional synthesis of stratigraphy and processes are needed to decipher these three stages that have shaped the fan surface and to link them to the external conditions that contributed to their formation. C1 [Twichell, David; Schwab, William] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Twichell, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dtwichell@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU S E P M - SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA PO BOX 4756 1731 E 71ST ST, TULSA, OK 74159-0756 USA SN 1060-071X BN 978-1-56576-136-0 J9 SEPM SPEC P PY 2009 IS 92 BP 145 EP 157 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA BRO65 UT WOS:000283289300009 ER PT J AU Lauber, TB Taylor, EJ Knuth, BA AF Lauber, T. Bruce Taylor, Eric J. Knuth, Barbara A. TI Factors Influencing Membership of US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Geological Survey Biologists in the American Fisheries Society SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID LATENT SOCIAL ROLES; ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT; PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT; CONFLICT; COSMOPOLITANS; TURNOVER; LOCALS AB Membership in scientific societies is an avenue biologists may use to enhance their professional capabilities. We Studied factors influencing federal biologists' membership in scientific societies, including the American Fisheries Society. We conducted an Internet survey of 3,755 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and 932 U.S. Geological Survey professionals. A greater proportion of U.S. Geological Survey biologists (90.2%) than U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists (51.8%) were members of scientific societies. The factors most consistently correlated with membership in the American Fisheries Society included minimal external constraints, Supervisor Support, and membership of friends, peers, and Supervisors in scientific societies. These results suggest that membership in scientific societies is influenced by the organizational Culture of agencies. Agencies seeking to increase their employees' membership in scientific societies will be Most Successful if they create a culture in which involvement in scientific societies is expected and in which supervisors also participate. C1 [Lauber, T. Bruce] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Taylor, Eric J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lauber, TB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM TBL3@cornell.edu FU USGS Biological Resources Discipline FX This study was funded by The Wildlife Society via funding provided by the USGS Biological Resources Discipline and the USFWS Office of the Science Advisor. Dan Ashe, William Knapp, Jim Fleming, and Tom Franklin offered timely advice and feedback throughout the Course of this Study. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.1.9 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477MZ UT WOS:000268524500002 ER PT J AU Schilling, EG Loftin, CS Huryn, AD AF Schilling, Emily Gaenzle Loftin, Cynthia S. Huryn, Alexander D. TI Macroinvertebrates as indicators of fish absence in naturally fishless lakes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bioassessment; conservation; biodiversity; fish predation; macroinvertebrate communities; naturally fishless lakes ID BENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LEUCORRHINIA-DUBIA ODONATA; WATER HABITAT GRADIENT; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; SPECIES COMPOSITION; ACIDIFIED LAKES; MOUNTAIN LAKES; NONNATIVE FISH; DAMSELFLY ASSEMBLAGES; DISCOLOR COLEOPTERA AB 1. Little is known about native communities in naturally fishless lakes in eastern North America, a region where fish stocking has led to a decline in these habitats. 2. Our study objectives were to: (i) characterise and compare macroinvertebrate communities in fishless lakes found in two biophysical regions of Maine (U.S.A.): kettle lakes in the eastern lowlands and foothills and headwater lakes in the central and western mountains; (ii) identify unique attributes of fishless lake macroinvertebrate communities compared to lakes with fish and (iii) develop a method to efficiently identify fishless lakes when thorough fish surveys are not possible. 3. We quantified macroinvertebrate community structure in the two physiographic fishless lake types (n = 8 kettle lakes; n = 8 headwater lakes) with submerged light traps and sweep nets. We also compared fishless lake macroinvertebrate communities to those in fish-containing lakes (n = 18) of similar size, location and maximum depth. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to assess differences in community structure and t-tests for taxon-specific comparisons between lakes. 4. Few differences in macroinvertebrate communities between the two physiographic fishless lake types were apparent. Fishless and fish-containing lakes had numerous differences in macroinvertebrate community structure, abundance, taxonomic composition and species richness. Fish presence or absence was a stronger determinant of community structure in our study than differences in physical conditions relating to lake origin and physiography. 5. Communities in fishless lakes were more speciose and abundant than in fish-containing lakes, especially taxa that are large, active and free-swimming. Families differing in abundance and taxonomic composition included Notonectidae, Corixidae, Gyrinidae, Dytiscidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae and Chaoboridae. 6. We identified six taxa unique to fishless lakes that are robust indicators of fish absence: Graphoderus liberus, Hesperocorixa spp., Dineutus spp., Chaoborus americanus, Notonecta insulata and Callicorixa spp. These taxa are collected most effectively with submerged light traps. 7. Naturally fishless lakes warrant conservation, because they provide habitat for a unique suite of organisms that thrive in the absence of fish predation. C1 [Schilling, Emily Gaenzle] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Huryn, Alexander D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. RP Schilling, EG (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM emily.schilling@umit.maine.edu FU Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; National Science Foundation; USGS-Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine FX Funding for this research was provided by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, the National Science Foundation, the USGS-Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and University of Maine. We would like to thank the Penobscot Indian Nation, the Passamaquoddy Tribe and other private landowners for allowing us access to lakes on their land. Additionally, we are grateful to the following people for their assistance in field and lab work: D. Anderson, S. Bosley, D. Bavaro, E. Brejwo, R. Clark, M. Day, D. Ely, J. Everett, A. Fleischman, J. Houle, C. Gannoe, K. Gibbs, C. Guerrette, B. Halgren, P. Kusnierz, K. McCullough, E. Naples, D. Noble, A. Rau, B. Reining, L. Rogan, B. Royce, S. Spencer, D. Strout, J. Thompson, J. Wilcox, E. Wilkinson. Mention of trade marks or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U. S. A. Government. We appreciate the edits and suggestions provided by Dr Mark McPeek, Dr Joan Trial, Dr Carl Richards and three anonymous reviewers, which improved the manuscript. NR 118 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 181 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02096.x PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 382QV UT WOS:000261621400015 ER PT J AU Monette, MY Bjornsson, BT McCormick, SD AF Monette, Michelle Y. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. TI Effects of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on the parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Disruption of seawater tolerance and endocrine status (vol 158, pg 122, 2008) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Monette, Michelle Y.; McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Monette, Michelle Y.; McCormick, Stephen D.] Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Tu Rners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur] Univ Gothenburg, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Monette, MY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 611 N Pleasant, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM michelle.monette@yale.edu RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 160 IS 1 BP 109 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.10.005 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 392OY UT WOS:000262313200013 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Emsbo, P Poole, FG Rye, RO AF Johnson, Craig A. Emsbo, Poul Poole, Forrest G. Rye, Robert O. TI Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BACTERIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; EAST NORTHUMBERLAND CANYON; WESTERN BROOKS RANGE; PORE-WATER SULFATE; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; BEDDED BARITES; COLD-SEEPS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; MARINE SULFATE AB Sulfur- and oxygen-isotope analyses have been obtained for sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits in Alaska, Nevada, Mexico, and China to examine the environment of formation of this deposit type. The barite is contained in sedimentary sequences as old as Late Neoproterozoic and as Young as Mississippian. If previously published data for other localities are considered, sulfur- and oxygen-isotope data are now available for deposits spanning a host-rock age range of Late Neoproterozoic to Triassic. On a delta(34)S versus delta(18)O diagram, many deposits show linear or concave-upward trends that project down toward the isotopic composition of seawater sulfate. The trends suggest that barite formed from seawater sulfate that had been isotopically modified to varying degrees. The delta(34)S versus delta(18)O patterns resemble patterns that have been observed in the modern oceans in pore water sulfate and water Column sulfate in some anoxic basins. However, the closest isotopic analog is barite mineralization that occurs at fluid seeps on modern continental margins. Thus the data favor genetic models for the deposits in which barium was delivered by seafloor seeps over models in which barium was delivered by sedimentation of pelagic organisms. The isotopic variations within the deposits appear to reflect bacterial sulfate reduction operating at different rates and possibly with different electron donors, oxygen isotope exchange between reduction intermediates and H(2)O(2) and sulfate availability. Because they are isotopically heterogeneous, sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits are of limited value in reconstructing the isotopic composition of ancient seawater Sulfate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, Craig A.; Emsbo, Poul; Poole, Forrest G.; Rye, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cjohnso@usgs.gov FU USGS Mineral Resources Program FX We are grateful to R. Ayuso, W. Christiansen. J. Dumoulin, C. Gulbransen, and K. Kelley for assistance in the field or laboratory, and to J. Dumoulin, K. Kelley, and D. Leach for insightful discussions. Helpful reviews were provided by M. Formolo, W. Gilhooly, J. Hanor. K. Kelley T. Lyons, and W.C. Shanks. This work was funded by the USGS Mineral Resources Program. NR 90 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.011 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386WY UT WOS:000261914500009 ER PT J AU Tilling, RI AF Tilling, R. I. TI El Chichon's "surprise" eruption in 1982: Lessons for reducing volcano risk SO GEOFISICA INTERNACIONAL LA English DT Article CT Conference on El Chichon Eruptions, Explosive Volcanism, Volcanic Hazard and Related Subjects CY MAR 20-22, 2007 CL San Cristobal Casas, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autom Mexico, Univ Cienc Artes Chiapas, Int Assoc Volcanol & Chem Earths Interior DE El Chichon Volcano; volcano hazards; risk reduction; volcanic emergency management ID SEISMIC ACTIVITY; CRATER LAKE; MEXICO; CHIAPAS; HOLOCENE; DEPOSITS; HISTORY AB During one week (28 March-4 April 1982), three powerful explosive eruptions (VEI 5) of El Chichon Volcano caused the worst volcanic disaster in Mexico's recorded history. Pyroclastic flows and surges obliterated nine villages, killing about 2,000 people, and ashfalls downwind posed socio-economic hardships for many thousands of inhabitants of the States of Chiapas and Tabasco. The unexpected and vigorous eruption of 28 caused a hasty, confused evacuation of most villagers in the area. Activity was greatly diminished the next five days, and then the most powerful and lethal eruptions occurred 3-4 April-tragically, after many evacuees were allowed by authorities to return home. Unfortunately, the eruptions came as an almost total surprise for scientists and government authorities, effectively precluding opportunities to implement timely mitigative countermeasures. During the months before eruption onset, fumarolic activity increased and inhabitants living close to the volcano felt occasional earthquakes, prompting the Chiapas government to request help from the Federal government. Both the Chiapas and Federal governmental actions were slow, and the requested assistance came after the volcano erupted. Perhaps the most important lesson learned from the disastrous outcome at El Chichon is that its decreased activity (29 March-2 April) should not have been assumed by the senior scientist on site-and the military authorities acting on his advice-to signal the end of eruption. While the 1982 eruptions caused a national tragedy, they also fostered multidisciplinary studies of eruptive phenomena, not only at El Chichon but also other explosive volcanoes in the world. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tilling, RI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rtilling@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU INST GEOPHYSICS UNAM PI MEXICO PA APDO POSTAL 22-118, DEL TLALPAN, MEXICO, 14000 D F, MEXICO SN 0016-7169 J9 GEOFIS INT JI Geofis. Int. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 415AR UT WOS:000263907200002 ER PT J AU Cunningham, KJ Sukop, MC Huang, HB Alvarez, PF Curran, HA Renken, RA Dixon, JF AF Cunningham, Kevin J. Sukop, Michael C. Huang, Haibo Alvarez, Pedro F. Curran, H. Allen Renken, Robert A. Dixon, Joann F. TI Prominence of ichnologically influenced macroporosity in the karst Biscayne aquifer: Stratiform "super-K" zones SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE carbonate sedimentology; ichnology; karst; lattice Boltzmann methods; aquifers; petroleum reservoirs ID POROSITY; CLASSIFICATION; CARBONATES; LIMESTONE; BAHAMAS; FLORIDA; COMPLEX; BURROWS; MIAMI; FIELD AB A combination of cyclostratigraphic, ichnologic, and borehole geophysical analyses of continuous core holes; tracer-test analyses; and lattice Boltzmann flow simulations was used to quantify biogenic macroporosity and permeability of the Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida. Biogenic macroporosity largely manifests as: (1) ichnogenic macroporosity primarily related to postdepositional burrowing activity by callianassid shrimp and fossilization of components of their complex burrow systems (Ophiomorpha); and (2) biomoldic macroporosity originating from dissolution of fossil hard parts, principally mollusk shells. Ophiomorpha-dominated ichnofabric provides the greatest contribution to hydrologic characteristics in the Biscayne aquifer in a 345 km(2) study area. Stratiform tabular-shaped units of thalassinidean-associated macroporosity are commonly confined to the lower part of upward-shallowing high-frequency cycles, throughout aggradational cycles, and, in one case, they stack vertically within the lower part of a high-frequency cycle set. Broad continuity of many of the macroporous units concentrates groundwater flow in extremely permeable passage-ways, thus making the aquifer vulnerable to long-distance transport of contaminants. Ichnogenic macroporosity represents an alternative pathway for concentrated groundwater flow that differs considerably from standard karst flow-system paradigms, which describe groundwater movement through fractures and cavernous dissolution features. Permeabilities were calculated using lattice Boltzmann methods (LBMs) applied to computer renderings assembled from X-ray computed tomography scans of various biogenic macroporous limestone samples. The highest simulated LBM permeabilities were about five orders of magnitude greater than standard laboratory measurements using air-permeability methods, which are limited in their application to extremely permeable macroporous rock samples. Based on their close conformance to analytical solutions for pipe flow, LBMs offer a new means of obtaining accurate permeability values for such materials. We suggest that the stratiform ichnogenic groundwater flow zones have permeabilities even more extreme (similar to 2-5 orders of magnitude higher) than the Jurassic "super-K" zones of the giant Ghawar oil field. The flow zones of the Pleistocene Biscayne aquifer provide examples of ichnogenic macroporosity for comparative analysis of origin and evolution in other carbonate aquifers, as well as petroleum reservoirs. C1 [Cunningham, Kevin J.; Renken, Robert A.; Dixon, Joann F.] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [Sukop, Michael C.; Huang, Haibo; Alvarez, Pedro F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Curran, H. Allen] Smith Coll, Dept Geol, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RP Cunningham, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM kcunning@usgs.gov RI Huang, Haibo/G-3892-2010; OI Sukop, Michael/0000-0002-2142-6292; Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 FU The National Science Foundation [0440253]; The Priority Ecosystems Science (U.S. Geological Survey); Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (Everglades National Park) programs FX The National Science Foundation (grant 0440253) helped fund Hitting and Sukop. The Priority Ecosystems Science (U.S. Geological Survey) and Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (Everglades National Park) programs provided major project funding and additional support to Florida International University coauthors. Mike Wacker assisted with dala acquisition. Reviews by A.A. "Tony" Ekdale, Valleta Watson, Stephen Worthington, Duncan Mellroy, and Brian Pratt greatly improved the paper. NR 53 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 180 DI 10.1130/B26392.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 393XM UT WOS:000262409800011 ER PT J AU Tizzani, P Battaglia, M Zeni, G Atzori, S Berardino, P Lanari, R AF Tizzani, Pietro Battaglia, Maurizio Zeni, Giovanni Atzori, Simone Berardino, Paolo Lanari, Riccardo TI Uplift and magma intrusion at LongValley caldera from InSAR and gravity measurements SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; SURFACE DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; UNREST AB The Long Valley caldera (California) formed similar to 760,000 yr ago following the massive eruption of the Bishop Tuff. Postcaldera volcanism in the Long Valley volcanic field includes lava domes as young as 650 yr. The recent geological unrest is characterized by uplift of the resurgent dome in the central section of the caldera (75 cm in the past 33 yr) and earthquake activity followed by periods of relative quiescence. Since the spring of 1998, the caldera has been in a state of low activity. The cause of unrest is still debated, and hypotheses range from hybrid sources (e.g., magma with a high percentage of volatiles) to hydrothermal fluid intrusion. Here, we present observations of surface deformation in the Long Valley region based on differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR), leveling, global positioning system (GPS), two-color electronic distance meter (EDM), and microgravity data. Thanks to the joint application of InSAR land microgravity data, we are able to unambiguously determine that magma is the cause of unrest. C1 [Tizzani, Pietro; Zeni, Giovanni; Berardino, Paolo; Lanari, Riccardo] CNR, Ist Rilevamento Elettromagnet Ambiente, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Tizzani, Pietro] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Osservatorio Vesuviano, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Battaglia, Maurizio] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Battaglia, Maurizio] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zeni, Giovanni] Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Atzori, Simone] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Ctr Nazl Terremoti, I-00143 Rome, Italy. RP Tizzani, P (reprint author), CNR, Ist Rilevamento Elettromagnet Ambiente, Via Diocleziano 324, I-80124 Naples, Italy. RI Zeni, Giovanni/L-8417-2014; OI Battaglia, Maurizio/0000-0003-4726-5287 FU Italian Gruppo Nazionale di Vulcanologia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia FX The European Space Agency (ESA), P. Lundgren (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Hooper (Nordic Volcanological Center), and M. Simons (Caltech) provided the ERS synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data through the WInSAR program. The caldera digital elevation model was acquired through the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission archive. The Technical University of Delft provided the precise ERS-1/2 satellite orbit state vectors. Thanks are also due to the Italian Gruppo Nazionale di Vulcanologia, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, which originally funded our InSAR study on Long Valley caldera. Comments by P. Lundgren, W. Chadwick, and M. Poland greatly helped to improve the manuscript. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1130/G25318A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 394EJ UT WOS:000262428200016 ER PT J AU Amato, JM Lawton, TF Mauel, DJ Leggett, WJ Gonzalez-Leon, CM Farmer, GL Wooden, JL AF Amato, Jeffrey M. Lawton, Timothy F. Mauel, David J. Leggett, William J. Gonzalez-Leon, Carlos M. Farmer, G. Lang Wooden, Joseph L. TI Testing the Mojave-Sonora megashear hypothesis: Evidence from Paleoproterozoic igneous rocks and deformed Mesozoic strata in Sonora, Mexico SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL TRUNCATION; EVOLUTION; AMERICA; REGION; MARGIN AB U-Pb ages and Nd isotope values of Proterozoic rocks in Sonora, Mexico, indicate the presence of Caborca-type basement, predicted to lie only south of the Mojave-Sonora megashear, 40 km north of the postulated megashear. Granitoids have U-Pb zircon ages of 17631737 Ma and 1076 Ma, with epsilon(Nd)(t) values from +1.4 to -4.3, typical of the Caborca block. Lower Jurassic strata near the Proterozoic rocks contain large granitic clasts with U-Pb ages and epsilon(Nd)(t) values indistinguishable from those of Caborcan basement. Caborca-type basement was thus present at this location north of the megashear by 190 Ma, the depositional age of the Jurassic strata. The Proterozoic rocks are interpreted as parautochthonous, exhumed and juxtaposed against the Mesozoic section by a reverse fault that formed a footwall shortcut across a Jurassic normal fault. Geochronology, isotope geochemistry, and structural geology are therefore inconsistent with Late Jurassic megashear displacement and require either that no major transcurrent structure is present in Sonora or that strike-slip displacement occurred prior to Early Jurassic time. C1 [Amato, Jeffrey M.; Lawton, Timothy F.; Mauel, David J.; Leggett, William J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gonzalez-Leon, Carlos M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. [Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Amato, JM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM amato@nmsu.edu OI Gonzalez-Leon, Carlos M./0000-0002-4982-8015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0229565]; Institute of Tectonic Studies; Arizona LaserChron Center [EAR-0443387] FX This study was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-0229565 and the Institute of Tectonic Studies. G. Gehrels helped acquire detrital zircon data; NSF grant EAR-0443387 supported the Arizona LaserChron Center. Cross sections were created using 2DMove from Midland Valley with the assistance of J. Toro. E. Verplanck helped acquire Nd data. Insightful and constructive reviews by Editors Andy Barth and Tina Niermi and Geology, reviewers Carl Jacobson, Sandra Wyld, and Wayne Premo improved both content and organization. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1130/G25240A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 394EJ UT WOS:000262428200019 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Saltikov, CW Wolfe-Simon, F Stolz, JF AF Oremland, Ronald S. Saltikov, Chad W. Wolfe-Simon, Felisa Stolz, John F. TI Arsenic in the Evolution of Earth and Extraterrestrial Ecosystems SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE arsenic respiring microorganisms; biofilm; biogeochemical cycling; exobiology; planetary evolution ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; FUELS ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AUREUS PLASMID PI258; HOT-SPRING BIOFILMS; MONO LAKE WATER; DISSIMILATORY ARSENATE; OXIDASE GENES; SP NOV.; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY AB If you were asked to speculate about the form extra-terrestrial life on Mars might take, which geomicrobial phenomenon might you select as a model system, assuming that life on Mars would be 'primitive'? Give your reasons. At the end of my senior year at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1968, I took Professor Ehrlich's final for his Geomicrobiology course. The above question beckoned to me like the Sirens to Odysseus, for if I answered, it would take so much time and thought that I would never get around to the exam's other essay questions and consequently, would be oshipwreckedo by flunking the course. So, I passed it up. With this 41-year perspective in mind, this manuscript is now submitted to Professor Ehrlich for (belated) oextra-credit.o R.S. Oremland. C1 [Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Saltikov, Chad W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wolfe-Simon, Felisa] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stolz, John F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov FU USGS; NSF [DBI-0511972]; NASA Astrobiology Institute FX This work was funded in part by the USGS and by an Exobiology grant to RSO and JFS. Also FWS is thankful for an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship (DBI-0511972) and support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute. We are grateful to Prof. H. L. Ehrlich for his gracious invitation to submit this manuscript to Geomicrobiology Journal, and for his help in the editing of an earlier draft. NR 110 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 49 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 7 BP 522 EP 536 AR PII 915037039 DI 10.1080/01490450903102525 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 495FR UT WOS:000269876500009 ER PT S AU Pike, RJ Evans, IS Hengl, T AF Pike, R. J. Evans, I. S. Hengl, T. BE Hengl, T Reuter, HI TI Geomorphometry: A Brief Guide SO GEOMORPHOMETRY: CONCEPTS, SOFTWARE, APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Soil Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB basic definitions . the land surface . land-surface parameters and objects . digital elevation models (DEMs) . basic principles of geomorphometry from a GIS perspective . inputs/outputs, data structures & algorithms . history of geomorphometry . geomorphometry today . data set used in this book C1 [Pike, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Evans, I. S.] Dept Geog, Durham, England. RP Pike, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rpike@usgs.gov; i.s.evans@durham.ac.uk; hengl@science.uva.nl OI Hengl, Tomislav/0000-0002-9921-5129 NR 0 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0918 BN 978-0-08-092188-4 J9 DEV SOIL SCI JI Dev. Soil Sci. PY 2009 VL 33 BP 3 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0166-2481(08)00001-9 PG 28 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BCT60 UT WOS:000311363100002 ER PT J AU Menke, SB Holway, DA Fisher, RN Jetz, W AF Menke, S. B. Holway, D. A. Fisher, R. N. Jetz, W. TI Characterizing and predicting species distributions across environments and scales: Argentine ant occurrences in the eye of the beholder SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Argentine ant; California; ecological niche models; GIS; invasion; Linepithema humile; model averaging; spatial grain; species distribution models ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE ANT; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; ENVELOPE MODELS; RANGE EXPANSION; ABIOTIC FACTORS; LAND-COVER AB Species distribution models (SDMs) or, more specifically, ecological niche models (ENMs) are a useful and rapidly proliferating tool in ecology and global change biology. ENMs attempt to capture associations between a species and its environment and are often used to draw biological inferences, to predict potential occurrences in unoccupied regions and to forecast future distributions under environmental change. The accuracy of ENMs, however, hinges critically on the quality of occurrence data. ENMs often use haphazardly collected data rather than data collected across the full spectrum of existing environmental conditions. Moreover, it remains unclear how processes affecting ENM predictions operate at different spatial scales. The scale (i.e. grain size) of analysis may be dictated more by the sampling regime than by biologically meaningful processes. The aim of our study is to jointly quantify how issues relating to region and scale affect ENM predictions using an economically important and ecologically damaging invasive species, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile). California, USA. We analysed the relationship between sampling sufficiency, regional differences in environmental parameter space and cell size of analysis and resampling environmental layers using two independently collected sets of presence/absence data. Differences in variable importance were determined using model averaging and logistic regression. Model accuracy was measured with area under the curve (AUC) and Cohen's kappa. We first demonstrate that insufficient sampling of environmental parameter space can cause large errors in predicted distributions and biological interpretation. Models performed best when they were parametrized with data that sufficiently sampled environmental parameter space. Second, we show that altering the spatial grain of analysis changes the relative importance of different environmental variables. These changes apparently result from how environmental constraints and the sampling distributions of environmental variables change with spatial grain. These findings have clear relevance for biological inference. Taken together, our results illustrate potentially general limitations for ENMs, especially when such models are used to predict species occurrences in novel environments. We offer basic methodological and conceptual guidelines for appropriate sampling and scale matching. C1 [Menke, S. B.; Holway, D. A.; Jetz, W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Fisher, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA USA. RP Menke, SB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, 3324 Gardner Hall,Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sean_menke@ncsu.edu FU NOAA-GRF; USDA-NRI [2006-35302-17255]; NSF [BCS-0648733] FX This research was supported through a NOAA-GRF to S. B. M., USDA-NRI award (2006-35302-17255) to D. A. H and NSF grant BCS-0648733 to W. J. For technical support, we thank C. Brown, S. Daeschner, R. Freckleton, E. Goldberg, S. Hathaway, D. Martin, T. Matsuda, J. McPherson, G. Nichols, K. Pease, C. Rochester, A. Vandergast and P. Zarnetske. The BLM, Nature Reserve of Orange County, The Nature Conservancy, California Department of Fish & Game, City of San Diego, USGS, Bureau of Reclamation, Cabrillo National Monument Foundation, Chino Hills State Park and Mountain Recreation Conservation Authority funded ant collections. For comments on the manuscript, we thank R. Dunn, M. Fitzpatrick, J. Franklin, A. T. Peterson, A. Syphard, P. Ward and two anonymous referees. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 59 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 50 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00420.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 382QT UT WOS:000261621200006 ER PT J AU Pan, ZY Chou, IM Burruss, RC AF Pan, Zhiyan Chou, I-Ming Burruss, Robert C. TI Hydrolysis of polycarbonate in sub-critical water in fused silica capillary reactor with in situ Raman spectroscopy SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUIDS; DEGRADATION; MIXTURES; CELL AB The advantages of using fused silica capillary reactor (FSCR) instead of conventional autoclave for studying chemical reactions at elevated pressure and temperature conditions were demonstrated in this study, including the allowance for visual observation under a microscope and in situ Raman spectroscopic characterization of polycarbonate and coexisting phases during hydrolysis in subcritical water. C1 [Pan, Zhiyan] Zhejiang Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chou, I-Ming; Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pan, ZY (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM panzhiyan@zjut.edu.cn RI Pan, Zhiyan/G-5225-2011 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20677052, 20777070]; US Geological Survey FX We would like to thank the critical reviews of Dr Rama K. Kotra and Dr William H. Orem of the U. S. Geological Survey, Prof. Chunmian Lin and Prof. Yinfei Chen of Zhejiang University of Technology, and also three anonymous reviewers. Financial support for this work was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 20677052 and No. 20777070) and the Energy Program of US Geological Survey. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US government. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1105 EP 1107 DI 10.1039/b904810n PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 480PG UT WOS:000268747700003 ER PT S AU Burruss, RC AF Burruss, Robert C. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI CO(2) storage resources, reserves, and reserve growth: Toward a methodology for integrated assessment of the storage capacity of oil and gas reservoirs and saline formations SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Storage Capacity; Resource; Reserve; Assessment AB Geologically based methodologies to assess the possible volumes of subsurface CO(2) storage must apply clear and uniform definitions of resource and reserve concepts to each assessment unit (AU). Application of the current state of knowledge of geologic, hydrologic, geochemical, and geophysical parameters (contingencies) that control storage volume and injectivity allows definition of the contingent resource (CR) of storage. The parameters known with the greatest certainty are based on observations on known traps (KTs) within the AU that produced oil, gas, and water. The aggregate volume of KTs within an AU defines the most conservation volume of contingent resource. Application of the concept of reserve growth to CR volume provides a logical path for subsequent re-evaluation of the total resource as knowledge of CO(2) storage processes increases during implementation of storage projects. Increased knowledge of storage performance over time will probably allow the volume of the contingent resource of storage to grow over time, although negative growth is possible. Click here and insert your abstract text. (C) 2009 Elsevier All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Burruss, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM burruss@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2679 EP 2683 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.036 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402093 ER PT J AU Kuniansky, EL Lowery, MA Campbell, BG AF Kuniansky, Eve L. Lowery, Mark A. Campbell, Bruce G. TI How Processing Digital Elevation Models Can Affect Simulated Water Budgets SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL GROUNDWATER-FLOW; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; RECHARGE AB For regional models, the shallow water table surface is often used as a source/sink boundary condition, as model grid scale precludes simulation of the water table aquifer. This approach is appropriate when the water table surface is relatively stationary. Since water table surface maps are not readily available, the elevation of the water table used in model cells is estimated via a two-step process. First, a regression equation is developed using existing land and water table elevations from wells in the area. This equation is then used to predict the water table surface for each model cell using land surface elevation available from digital elevation models (DEM). Two methods of processing DEM for estimating the land surface for each cell are commonly used (value nearest the cell centroid or mean value in the cell). This article demonstrates how these two methods of DEM processing can affect the simulated water budget. For the example presented, approximately 20% more total flow through the aquifer system is simulated if the centroid value rather than the mean value is used. This is due to the one-third greater average ground water gradients associated with the centroid value than the mean value. The results will vary depending on the particular model area topography and cell size. The use of the mean DEM value in each model cell will result in a more conservative water budget and is more appropriate because the model cell water table value should be representative of the entire cell area, not the centroid of the model cell. C1 [Lowery, Mark A.; Campbell, Bruce G.] US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Kuniansky, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3850 Holcomb Bridge Rd,Suite 160, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. EM elkunian@usgs.gov OI Kuniansky, Eve/0000-0002-5581-0225 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00497.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 390GB UT WOS:000262151200013 PM 18800972 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM Goode, DJ Tiedeman, C Lacombe, PJ Kaiser, K Benner, R AF Chapelle, Francis H. Bradley, Paul M. Goode, Dan J. Tiedeman, Claire Lacombe, Pierre J. Kaiser, Karl Benner, Ronald TI Biochemical Indicators for the Bioavailability of Organic Carbon in Ground Water SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DIAGENETIC ALTERATION; AMAZON-RIVER; MATTER; REACTIVITY; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN AB The bioavailability of total organic carbon (TOC) was examined in ground water from two hydrologically distinct aquifers using biochemical indicators widely employed in chemical oceanography. Concentrations of total hydrolyzable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and carbon-normalized percentages of TOC present as THNS and THAA (referred to as "yields") were assessed as indicators of bioavailability. A shallow coastal plain aquifer in Kings Bay, Georgia, was characterized by relatively high concentrations (425 to 1492 mu M; 5.1 to 17.9 mg/L) of TOC but relatively low THNS and THAA yields (similar to 0.2%-1.0%). These low yields are consistent with the highly biodegraded nature of TOC mobilized from relatively ancient (Pleistocene) sediments overlying the aquifer. In contrast, a shallow fractured rock aquifer in West Trenton, New Jersey, exhibited lower TOC concentrations (47 to 325 mu M; 0.6 to 3.9 mg/L) but higher THNS and THAA yields (similar to 1% to 4%). These higher yields were consistent with the younger, and thus more bioavailable, TOC being mobilized from modern soils overlying the aquifer. Consistent with these apparent differences in TOC bioavailability, no significant correlation between TOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), a product of organic carbon mineralization, was observed at Kings Bay, whereas a strong correlation was observed at West Trenton. In contrast to TOC, THNS and THAA concentrations were observed to correlate with DIC at the Kings Bay site. These observations suggest that biochemical indicators such as THNS and THAA may provide information concerning the bioavailability of organic carbon present in ground water that is not available from TOC measurements alone. C1 [Chapelle, Francis H.; Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Goode, Dan J.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Tiedeman, Claire] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lacombe, Pierre J.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Kaiser, Karl; Benner, Ronald] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Kaiser, Karl; Benner, Ronald] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov RI Benner, Ronald/M-4412-2015; OI Benner, Ronald/0000-0002-1238-2777; Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); Toxic Substances Hydrology Program of the USGS FX This research was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program of the USGS. The use of brand names for analytical instruments and methods is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. The authors would like to thank Melissa Lenczewski and two anonymous reviewers for their informed and helpful reviews of the article. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 390GB UT WOS:000262151200014 PM 18793203 ER PT B AU Douglas, AJ AF Douglas, Aaron J. BE Aronoff, JB TI PROTECTING, RESTORING, AND CONSERVING RENEWABLE RESOURCES: THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES SO HANDBOOK OF NATURE CONSERVATION: GLOBAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHWEST FOREST PLAN; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; CONTINGENT VALUATION; BALANCING HYDROPOWER; ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES; AWARE(TM) SOFTWARE; ECONOMIC VALUATION; OLD-GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; MEDIATION AB The environmental social science sub-disciplines including environmental conflict resolution and the study of environmental laws ascertain conservation policy linked answers to a broad range of management questions. The ensuing discussion examines the premise that concerted and sustained efforts by resource managers will preserve, conserve, and restore renewable resources. The primary target of this examination is that of illuminating the role of the environmental social science sub-disciplines as an adjunct to physical science policy prescriptions for conserving resources. Resource conservation begins when human agents perceive value in protecting a resource. Anthropogenic activity is often the principal driver of renewable resource degradation hence effective resource conservation often places emphasis on ameliorating the social forces causing resource loss and degradation. For example, in post-industrial western societies the change from a late climax forest to an early successional forest is often the result of a manmade fire. Any assessment of the resource management impact of the fire must take into account multiple social facets of the action. The fire may have been set in an effort to achieve a wide variety of goals including: (1) eradicating tree diseases, (2) creating a clearance in the forest canopy that might enhance the habitat for animal species, or (3) improving game habitat and harvests. On the other hand, the fire may have been set by a person seeking local employment as a fireman or planning to plant a crop. Thus, the who, what, and why questions of resource management are integral to even the most bare bones assessment of any resource action. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Douglas, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 119 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-993-3 PY 2009 BP 91 EP 117 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BKR00 UT WOS:000268981200002 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM AF Campbell, Kate M. BA Ahuja, S BF Ahuja, S TI Radionuclides in Surface Water and Groundwater SO HANDBOOK OF WATER PURITY AND QUALITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-SITU BIOREDUCTION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; URANIUM BIOREDUCTION; AQUEOUS URANIUM(VI); COMPLEXATION MODEL; U(VI) REDUCTION; SUBSURFACE SOIL; MILL TAILINGS C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 495, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092112-9 PY 2009 BP 213 EP 236 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374192-9.00010-8 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BFT93 UT WOS:000321304800011 ER EF