FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Depew, DC Stevens, AW Smith, REH Hecky, RE AF Depew, David C. Stevens, Andrew W. Smith, Ralph E. H. Hecky, Robert E. TI Detection and characterization of benthic filamentous algal stands (Cladophora sp.) on rocky substrata using a high-frequency echosounder SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; WATER CLARITY; ZEBRA MUSSELS; BIOMASS; MACROPHYTES; GLOMERATA; DREISSENA; SYSTEM; QUANTIFICATION AB A high-frequency echosounder was used to detect and characterize percent cover and stand height of the benthic filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. on rocky substratum of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Comparisons between in situ observations and estimates of the algal stand characteristics (percent cover, stand height) derived from the acoustic data show good agreement for algal stands that exceeded the height threshold for detection by acoustics (similar to 7.5 cm). Backscatter intensity and volume scattering strength were unable to provide any predictive power for estimating algal biomass. A comparative analysis between the only current commercial software (EcoSAV(TM)) and an alternate method using a graphical user interface (GUI) written in MATLAB(R) confirmed previous findings that EcoSAV functions poorly in conditions where the substrate is uneven and bottom depth changes rapidly. The GUI method uses a signal processing algorithm similar to that of EcoSAV but bases bottom depth classification and algal stand height classification on adjustable thresholds that can be visualized by a trained analyst. This study documents the successful characterization of nuisance quantities of filamentous algae on hard substrate using an acoustic system and demonstrates the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of collecting information on the distribution of nuisance macroalgae. This study also highlights the need for further development of more flexible classification algorithms that can be used in a variety of aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Depew, David C.; Smith, Ralph E. H.; Hecky, Robert E.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Stevens, Andrew W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hecky, Robert E.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Depew, DC (reprint author), Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM david.depew@queensu.ca OI Depew, David/0000-0003-2759-6759 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was supported by a CRD grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Additional support was provided by the US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank Scott Higgins, Sairah Malkin, Adam Houben, and Tedy Ozersky for dive assistance and help with the ground truthing. We also gratefully acknowledge BioSonics for providing the DT4 file format documentation, Rich Pawlowicz University of British Columbia for providing the MATLAB code for reading raw echosounder data, and Assad Ibrahim, Mike Burger, and Brian Moore for techincal discussions. Comments from Lars Rudstam, Dan Hoover, Alex Apotsos, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of the original manuscript. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 7 BP 693 EP 705 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 511NC UT WOS:000271171200002 ER PT J AU Azua-Bustos, A Gonzalez-Silva, C Mancilla, RA Salas, L Palma, RE Wynne, JJ McKay, CP Vicuna, R AF Azua-Bustos, A. Gonzalez-Silva, C. Mancilla, R. A. Salas, L. Palma, R. E. Wynne, J. J. McKay, C. P. Vicuna, R. TI Ancient Photosynthetic Eukaryote Biofilms in an Atacama Desert Coastal Cave SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED ALGAE RHODOPHYTA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CYANIDIUM-CALDARIUM; HYPERARID CORE; MICROBIAL LIFE; NORTHERN CHILE; NATIONAL-PARK; LAMP-FLORA; CYANOBACTERIA; DIVERSITY AB Caves offer a stable and protected environment from harsh and changing outside prevailing conditions. Hence, they represent an interesting habitat for studying life in extreme environments. Here, we report the presence of a member of the ancient eukaryote red algae Cyanidium group in a coastal cave of the hyperarid Atacama Desert. This microorganism was found to form a seemingly monospecific biofilm growing under extremely low photon flux levels. Our work suggests that this species, Cyanidium sp. Atacama, is a new member of a recently proposed novel monophyletic lineage of mesophilic "cave" Cyanidium sp., distinct from the remaining three other lineages which are all thermo-acidophilic. The cave described in this work may represent an evolutionary island for life in the midst of the Atacama Desert. C1 [Azua-Bustos, A.; Mancilla, R. A.; Salas, L.; Vicuna, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Fac Ciencias Biol, Santiago, Chile. [Gonzalez-Silva, C.] Univ Arturo Prat, Dept Ciencias Quim & Farmaceut, Iquique, Chile. [Wynne, J. J.] No Arizona Univ, USGS, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Wynne, J. J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McKay, C. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Azua-Bustos, A.; Vicuna, R.] Millennium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Santiago, Chile. [Palma, R. E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. RP Azua-Bustos, A (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Fac Ciencias Biol, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile. EM ajazua@uc.cl RI mancilla, rodrigo/C-8380-2011; Palma, Eduardo/N-1416-2014; azua-bustos, armando/P-8787-2016 FU Millennium Institute of Fundamental and Applied Biology (Chile) FX This work was supported by the Millennium Institute of Fundamental and Applied Biology (Chile). We also thank the members of Rafael Vicuna's Laboratory for critical comments and insights which helped to improve this manuscript. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 485 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s00248-009-9500-5 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 495XH UT WOS:000269928300004 PM 19259626 ER PT J AU Macdonald, R Belkin, HE Wall, F Baginski, B AF Macdonald, R. Belkin, H. E. Wall, F. Baginski, B. TI Compositional variation in the chevkinite group: new data from igneous and metamorphic rocks SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE chevkinite-group; perrierite; metamictization; distribution ID RICH ACCESSORY MINERALS; ITOIGAWA-OHMI-DISTRICT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SARNU-DANDALI; NIIGATA PREFECTURE; CARBONATITE DYKE; EAST ANTARCTICA; CENTRAL JAPAN; PERRIERITE; REE AB Electron microprobe analyses are presented of chevkinite-group minerals from Canada, USA, Guatemala, Norway, Scotland, Italy and India. The host rocks are metacarbonates, alkaline and subalkaline granitoids, quartz-bearing pegmatites, carbonatite and an inferred K-rich tuff. The analyses extend slightly the range of compositions in the chevkinite group, e. g. the most MgO-rich phases yet recorded, and we report two further examples where La is the dominant cation in the A site. Patchily-zoned crystals from Virginia and Guatemala contain both perrierite and chevkinite compositions. The new and published analyses are used to review compositional variation in minerals of the perrierite subgroup, which can form in a wide range of host rock compositions and over a substantial pressure-temperature range. The dominant substitutions in the various cation sites and a generalized substitution scheme are described. C1 [Macdonald, R.; Baginski, B.] Univ Warsaw, IGMiP Fac Geol, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Macdonald, R.] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Environm, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Belkin, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wall, F.] Univ Exeter, Camborne Sch Mines, Sch Geog Archaeol & Earth Resources, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England. RP Macdonald, R (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, IGMiP Fac Geol, Al Zwirki & Wigury 93, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. EM r.macdonald@lancaster.ac.uk OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 FU U.S. Government FX We are very grateful to Pete Dunn (U. S. National Museum), Steve Laurie (University of Cambridge), Gunnar Raade (University of Oslo) and Tom Sisson (U. S. Geological Survey) for generously providing samples. We are indebted to Gabriel Carlier, I-Ming Chou, Edward Grew, Silvio Vlach and Gregory Wandless for detailed and constructive reviews of the manuscript, which led to significant improvements in its quality. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 777 EP 796 DI 10.1180/minmag.2009.073.5.777 PG 20 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 533DW UT WOS:000272804200005 ER PT J AU Shen, ZK Sun, JB Zhang, PZ Wan, YG Wang, M Burgmann, R Zeng, YH Gan, WJ Liao, H Wang, QL AF Shen, Zheng-Kang Sun, Jianbao Zhang, Peizhen Wan, Yongge Wang, Min Buergmann, Roland Zeng, Yuehua Gan, Weijun Liao, Hua Wang, Qingliang TI Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS; LONGMEN SHAN; CHINA; SICHUAN; DEFORMATION AB The disastrous 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China took the local population as well as scientists by surprise. Although the Longmen Shan fault zone-which includes the fault segments along which this earthquake nucleated-was well known, geologic and geodetic data indicate relatively low (< 3 mm yr(-1)) deformation rates. Here we invert Global Positioning System and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data to infer fault geometry and slip distribution associated with the earthquake. Our analysis shows that the geometry of the fault changes along its length: in the southwest, the fault plane dips moderately to the northwest but becomes nearly vertical in the northeast. Associated with this is a change in the motion along the fault from predominantly thrusting to strike-slip. Peak slip along the fault occurs at the intersections of fault segments located near the towns of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Nanba, where fatalities and damage were concentrated. We suggest that these locations represent barriers that failed in a single event, enabling the rupture to cascade through several fault segments and cause a major moment magnitude (M(w)) 7.9 earthquake. Using coseismic slip distribution and geodetic and geological slip rates, we estimate that the failure of barriers and rupture along multiple segments takes place approximately once in 4,000 years. C1 [Shen, Zheng-Kang; Sun, Jianbao; Zhang, Peizhen; Wang, Min; Gan, Weijun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Shen, Zheng-Kang] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Dept Geophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Shen, Zheng-Kang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wan, Yongge] Coll Disaster Prevent Sci & Technol, Sanhe 101601, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Golden Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Liao, Hua] Sichuan Seismol Bur, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qingliang] China Earthquake Adm, Monitoring Ctr 2, Xian 710054, Peoples R China. RP Shen, ZK (reprint author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zshen@ies.ac.cn FU MSTC [2004CB418403, LED2008A05]; NSFC [40674011, 40674022]; CEA [JB-09-04, 200708002]; NSF [EAR-0609656] FX We thank JAXA and ESA (ESA-NRSCC Dragon project 2577), particularly M. Kawai and R. Malosti for SAR data provision, and CEA and CBSM survey crews, particularly Q. Wang, for GPS data collection. Discussions with X.Xu, C. Lasserre, R. Briggs, X.Wen, Q. Liu, C. Ji, E. Fielding, P. Bird, Y.Kagan, D.Jackson, A. Sladen, J.-P. Avoucac, A. Yin and P. Molnar have been helpful. Review comments of J. Langbein are appreciated. Administrative and technical support provided by Q. Li, J. sun, W. Tao, F. Liang, X. Gao, Y. Wang, M. Hao, K. Wang and W. Chen are appreciated. This study has been supporte by research grants from MSTC (2004CB418403, LED2008A05), NSFC (40674011, 40674022), CEA (IGCEA JB-09-04, 200708002) and NSF (EAR-0609656). NR 29 TC 212 Z9 274 U1 8 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 2 IS 10 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1038/NGEO636 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 501BW UT WOS:000270355000019 ER PT J AU Haines, SS Pidlisecky, A Knight, R AF Haines, Seth S. Pidlisecky, Adam Knight, Rosemary TI Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data SO NEAR SURFACE GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; PENETRATION-TEST; VELOCITY; INVERSION; LITHOLOGY AB With the goal of improving the understanding of the subsurface structure beneath the Harkins Slough recharge pond in Pajaro Valley, California, USA, we have undertaken a multimodal approach to develop a robust velocity model to yield an accurate seismic reflection section. Our shear-wave reflection section helps us identify and map an important and previously unknown flow barrier at depth; it also helps us map other relevant structure within the surficial aquifer. Development of an accurate velocity model is essential for depth conversion and interpretation of the reflection section. We incorporate information provided by shear-wave seismic methods along with cone penetrometer testing and seismic cone penetrometer testing measurements. One velocity model is based on reflected and refracted arrivals and provides reliable velocity estimates for the full depth range of interest when anchored on interface depths determined from cone data and borehole drillers' logs. A second velocity model is based on seismic cone penetrometer testing data that provide higher-resolution ID velocity columns with error estimates within the depth range of the cone penetrometer testing. Comparison of the reflection/refraction model with the seismic cone penetrometer testing model also suggests that the mass of the cone truck can influence velocity with the equivalent effect of approximately one metre of extra overburden stress. Together, these velocity models and the depth-converted reflection section result in a better constrained hydrologic model of the subsurface and illustrate the pivotal role that cone data can provide in the reflection processing workflow. C1 [Haines, Seth S.] US Geol Survey, CERT, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pidlisecky, Adam] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Knight, Rosemary] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Haines, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERT, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shaines@usgs.gov FU Schlumberger Water Services FX We are grateful to Brian Lockwood, Mary Bannister and others from the Pajaro, Valley Water Management Agency, to Jonathan Lear of Balance Hydrologics and to Andy Fisher of the University of California at Santa Cruz for their assistance and cooperation with this work. We thank Bob Clapp of Stanford University and Olav Lindtjorn and Chung-Chi Shih from Schlumberger for helpful discussions regarding velocity modelling algorithms. We also thank Vanessa Mitchell and Elliot Grunewald for their participation in the seismic data collection. This research was supported by funding to R. Knight from Schlumberger Water Services. References to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favouring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC GEOSCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS PI 3990 DB, HOUTEN PA PO BOX 59, 3990 DB, HOUTEN, 00000, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4445 J9 NEAR SURF GEOPHYS JI Near Surf. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 329 EP 339 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 507ZI UT WOS:000270895200004 ER PT J AU Bruce, RL Moffitt, CM Dennis, B AF Bruce, R. Louise Moffitt, Christine M. Dennis, Brian TI Survival and Passage of Ingested New Zealand Mudsnails through the Intestinal Tract of Rainbow Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; GASTRIC EVACUATION; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; MEAL SIZE; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; FISH; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB We conducted laboratory trials to determine the transit time and Survival of New Zealand mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow front Oncorhynchus mykiss. To assess the rate of snail passage, we force-fed groups of fish a known quantity of snails and their held them ill tanks. At selected intervals we removed individual fish from the test tanks and recorded the number of snails, their condition (live or dead), and their location ill the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, anterior intestine. and posterior intestine). Feces were removed from tanks and examined for live snails. We repeated evaluations of passage rate and snail survival to determine the effects of varying the number of snails ingested, fish size. snail size, and feeding a commercial diet to fish after snail ingestion. We plotted and modeled gut evacuation rising a stochastic model for ordinal data to consider each test variable. Snail passage rates were faster in fish that were fed smaller snails. Surprisingly, fish fed snails and then administered rations of commercial fish feed retained the snails longer in their stomach than did fish that were not administered fish feeds after being fed snails. Increased retention time of snails in tire stomach decreased the probability of snail survival when voided in fecal material. Snails that passed through the gastrointestinal tract within 12-24 It of ingestion were often recovered live in fecal samples. However. no live snails were recovered from the posterior intestine or fecal material collected 24 It after ingestion. Using our results we propose potential management options that could reduce the risks of introducing live snails into new locations when stocking fish from infested hatcheries. C1 [Bruce, R. Louise; Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Dennis, Brian] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Geological Survey; Center for Research oil Invasive Species and Small Populations at the University of Idaho FX We are grateful to University of Idaho Students and staff for assistance in conducting trials: Charlee Capaul, Kelsey Hall, Steve Crawford, Jon Stein, and Boling Sun. We thank the staff of Hagerman National Fish Hatchery, the University of Idaho Hagerman Experiment Station, and the College of Southern Idaho for assistance with experimental fish, snails, and equipment for trials. Mark Dybdahl provided Valuable information on basic biology and care of snails and reviewed earlier Manuscript drafts. Barnaby Watten, Paul Heimowitz, Mike Scott, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable reviews Of this manuscript. This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Center for Research oil Invasive Species and Small Populations at the University of Idaho. The USFWS Student Career Experience Program provided support for L. Bruce and this research was part of her Master's thesis. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.1577/A08-033.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100001 ER PT J AU Kindschi, GA Myrick, CA Barrows, FT Toner, M Fraser, WC Ilgen, J Beck, L AF Kindschi, Greg A. Myrick, Christopher A. Barrows, Frederic T. Toner, Matthew Fraser, William C. Ilgen, Jason Beck, Linda TI Performance of Yellowstone and Snake River Cutthroat Trout Fry Fed Seven Different Diets SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DORSAL FIN EROSION; TEMPERATURE; STREAM AB Five commercial diets and two formulated feeds were fed to initial-feeding Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri fry and Snake River cutthroat trout O. clarkii spp. (currently being petitioned for classification as O. clarkii behnkei) fry for 18 weeks front June 16 to October 18, 2006, to evaluate fish performance. Eyed eggs from Yellowstone and Snake River cutthroat trout were received from the Yellowstone River State Fish Hatchery and Jackson National Fish Hatchery, respectively. Each diet was fed to four tanks of each subspecies of cutthroat trout (7 diets x 4 tanks/diet x 2 cutthroat trout subspecies = 56 tanks). Skretting Nutra-Plus provided optimal fish weight, total length, Survival, and feed conversion for Yellowstone cutthroat trout. The weight and total length of Snake River cutthroat trout were also greatest when fish were fed Skretting Nutra-Plus. Skretting Nutra-Plus is no longer available, but Skretting/Bio-Oregon Bio-Vita is very similar; this feed and similar premium feeds from other manufacturers should be considered for future cutthroat trout propagation programs. C1 [Myrick, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Toner, Matthew; Fraser, William C.; Ilgen, Jason; Beck, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kindschi, GA (reprint author), 505 N Valley Dr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM gandckindschi@msn.com NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1577/A08-026.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100007 ER PT J AU Archdeacon, TP Bonar, SA AF Archdeacon, Thomas P. Bonar, Scott A. TI Captive Breeding of Endangered Mohave Tui Chub SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CULTURE AB The endangered Mohave tui chub Gila bicolor mohavensis, which occurs only in three populations in southern California, has not been previously spawned in captivity. Captive breeding of imperiled fishes can be important to conserve biodiversity and aid in native fish conservation efforts by reducing the collection of wild fish for translocations, providing individuals for experimental studies, and ensuring species survival. To spawn Mohave tui chub, we lowered water temperature to 10 degrees C, held this temperature constant for 30 d, and then warmed the tank at a rate of 1 degrees C per day to reach ambient air temperature (20-22 degrees C). We used a photoperiod of 10 h light : 14 h dark and adjusted the photoperiod to 14 h light : 10 h dark when the tank reached 15 degrees C. These photoperiod and water temperature regimes were designed to simulate Mojave Desert springtime conditions. Artificial plants were provided as spawning substrate. Three spawning events produced over 1,700 larval fish. Fish not subjected to this photoperiod and water temperature regime did not spawn. Simulation of a spring photoperiod and temperature regime was associated with successful spawning of Mohave tui chub in captivity and may be effective for spawning other endangered cyprinids with similar requirements. C1 [Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Biological Research Division; National Park Service (NPS) FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Research Division and the National Park Service (NPS) for funding under the Natural Resource Preservation Program; Steve Parmenter of California Fish and Game, Debra Hughson from NPS, and Doug Threloff from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for assistance in obtaining permits and in stud), design; and Rob Fulton of the Desert Research Center for field assistance, hospitality, and access to water and weather data at Lake Tuendae. We also thank S. Jason Kline, Andrea Francis, and Alison Iles from the University of Arizona for field and laboratory assistance and Peter Reinthal and William Matter from the University of Arizona for review of this manuscript. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 360 EP 362 DI 10.1577/A08-039.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100013 ER PT J AU Kline, SJ Archdeacon, TP Bonar, SA AF Kline, S. Jason Archdeacon, Thomas P. Bonar, Scott A. TI Effects of Praziquantel on Eggs of the Asian Tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; GRASS CARP; BATH TREATMENTS; CHUB; PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA; INFECTION; CESTODA AB Praziquantel, an anthelmintic, is commonly used to control the Asian fish tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and baitfish. We treated 50 individuals from three different cyprinid fish species with praziquantel at 6 mg/L, a dose higher than the minimum recommended for complete Asian tapeworm removal in 24 h but much less than the concentration that would have ill effects on the fish. Praziquantel killed hundreds of adult tapeworms, but many ruptured and released eggs. We observed that the eggs released from Asian tapeworms treated with praziquantel were viable and produced thousands of coracidia over several days. We warm fishery managers that even if fish receive the typically recommended praziquantel treatment regime and all adult tapeworms are killed, viable eggs and coracidia may be present in the holding water or attached to the skin of treated fish, the surfaces of equipment, or treatment personnel. C1 [Kline, S. Jason; Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU Arizona Game and Fish's Heritage Program [104010]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2004-0060-000]; National Park Service's Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Grant Program FX We thank Bill Matter and Peter Reinthal from the University of Arizona, and Chris Cantrell and Don Mitchell from the Arizona Game and Fish Department for their comments on project design and review of this manuscript. We thank Andrea Francis, Alison Iles, Andrew Schultz, and Sean Tackley from the Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for help with fish husbandry and experimental logistics' Charles Ault, Bill Radke, and Nina King from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Debra Hughson from the National Park Service, and Steve Parmenter from the California Fish and Game Department for project oversight, help securing and treating experimental fish, and advice on experimental design: Anindo Choudhury from St. Norberts College, Mark Brouder from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rob Clarkson from the Bureau of Reclamation, and David Ward front the Arizona Game and Fish Department for information and advice on Asian tapeworm life history, effects, and treatment; and Carol Yde from the Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for administrative help. This project was funded by Arizona Game and Fish's Heritage Program (grant 104010), the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant 2004-0060-000), the National Park Service's Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Grant Program. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 380 EP 383 DI 10.1577/A08-038.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100016 ER PT J AU Grimaldo, LF Sommer, T Van Ark, N Jones, G Holland, E Moyle, PB Herbold, B Smith, P AF Grimaldo, Lenny F. Sommer, Ted Van Ark, Nick Jones, Gardner Holland, Erika Moyle, Peter B. Herbold, Bruce Smith, Pete TI Factors Affecting Fish Entrainment into Massive Water Diversions in a Tidal Freshwater Estuary: Can Fish Losses be Managed? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; JOAQUIN DELTA; STRIPED BASS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; POWER-STATION; LIFE-HISTORY; HUDSON RIVER; SACRAMENTO; CALIFORNIA; SMELT AB We examined factors affecting fish entrainment at California's State Water Project and Central Valley Project, two of the largest water diversions in the world. Combined, these diversions from the upper San Francisco Estuary support a large component of the municipal and agricultural infrastructure for California. However, precipitous declines in the abundance of several estuarine fish species, notably the threatened delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, have generated major concern about entrainment as a possible cause of the declines. We examined a 13-year data set of export pumping operations and environmental characteristics to determine factors affecting entrainment (as indexed by salvage at fish screens) and the potential for manipulation of these factors to improve conditions for fish. Entrainment of three migratory pelagic species-delta smelt, longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichihys, and striped bass Morone saxatilis-was primarily determined by the seasonal occurrence of particular life stages close to the export facilities. We also found that the direction and magnitude of flows through the estuary and to the export facilities were reasonable predictors of pelagic fish entrainment. Entrainment of resident demersal species (prickly sculpin Conus asper and white catfish Ameiurus catus) and littoral species (Mississippi silverside Menidia audens and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) was not explained by diversion flows, although large numbers of individuals from these species were collected. Our study suggests that entrainment of pelagic species can be effectively reduced by manipulating system hydrodynamics. C1 [Grimaldo, Lenny F.; Sommer, Ted; Van Ark, Nick; Jones, Gardner; Holland, Erika] Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, Aquat Ecol Sect, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Grimaldo, Lenny F.; Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Herbold, Bruce] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Smith, Pete] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Grimaldo, LF (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM lgrimaldo@usbr.gov RI Bond, Ronald/C-9201-2009 FU CDWR South Delta Program; Interagency Ecological Program; Sail Francisco Estuary Program FX We want to thank the CDWR South Delta Program, Interagency Ecological Program, and Sail Francisco Estuary Program for funding and support. We also thank Russ Ganz, Kelly Souza, Cathy Ruhl. Jay Simi and Robert Duvall for assistance with data collection and handling. Matt Nobriga, Larry Brown, Bill Bennett. Fred Feyrer, and the Delta Smelt Working Group provided helpful discussions and feedback about the data analyses and interpretation. The manuscript was improved by suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. NR 77 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1270 DI 10.1577/M08-062.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500007 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Peacock, M Heki, LG Thiede, G AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Peacock, Mary Heki, Lisa G. Thiede, Gary TI Evaluating the Reintroduction Potential of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in Fallen Leaf Lake, California SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FLAMING-GORGE RESERVOIR; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; COLORADO RIVER; YELLOWSTONE-LAKE; MYSIS-RELICTA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; BROWN TROUT AB We evaluated the potential for reintroducing Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi. a species listed under the Endangered Species Act, into a lacustrine system where the biotic community has changed dramatically since the species' extirpation there. Since 2002. 76,547 Lahontan cutthroat trout have been reintroduced into Fallen Leaf Lake, California; we used creel surveys. diet data, mark-recapture methods. bioenergetics modeling, and netting data across seasons to evaluate the habitat use, growth, and relative abundance of Lahontan cutthroat trout and the abundance. diet. habitat use, and predation by nonnative species. Sampling totals (n = 2) and survey observations (n = 3) indicate low survival and abundance of reintroduced fish and together with creel data indicate the importance of epilimnetic habitats across size-classes. Despite substantial growth. Lahontan cutthroat trout exhibited low condition factor values (average = 0.69). We found substantial predation pressure front a large population of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush ((N) over cap = 8.799 fish: 95% confidence interval [CI] 4,990-16,530 fish): analysis of lake trout diets showed an increase in piscivory and in the percentage of stomachs containing Lahontan cutthroat trout anchor tags with increasing predator size. Overall. we estimated that lake trout consumed over 38% of reintroduced Lahontan cutthroat trout (mean number consumed = 7,736 Fish: 95% CI = 4,388-14,534 fish). With bioenergetics modeling, however. we estimated that lake trout consumed considerable amounts of salmonid biomass during this period (mean biomass = 3,137 kg: 95% Cl = 1 779 5,993 kg), which greatly exceeded the biomass of Lahontan cutthroat trout reintroduced in 2006. During the stratification period, there was little overlap in habitat use between lake trout and Lahontan cutthroat trout, but overlap was high during the spring and autumn. We found moderate-sized populations of nonnative brown trout Salmo trutta, kokanee O. nerka (lacustrine sockeye salmon), and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Together, our results suggest that Lahontan Cutthroat trout have few refugia front direct and indirect negative interactions with normative species and that alternative approaches are needed. C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Peacock, Mary] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Heki, Lisa G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Thiede, Gary] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Mail Stop 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM ralchokhachy@gmail.com RI Al-Chokhachy, Robert/F-2894-2010 FU Lahontan NFH Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We would like to thank C. Luton (USFWS) for considerable contributions and insightful comments on all earlier version of this manuscript and N. Laulainen for field assistance. We also appreciate the logistical contributions and assistance with data collection from U.S. Forest Service personnel and S. Byers, J. Bigelow, E. Kelly, T. Loux, W. Cowan, and S. Taylor of USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Funding for this project was provided by the Lahontan NFH Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1296 EP 1313 DI 10.1577/M08-087.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500011 ER PT J AU Rowe, DC Pierce, CL Wilton, TF AF Rowe, David C. Pierce, Clay L. Wilton, Thomas F. TI Fish Assemblage Relationships with Physical Habitat in Wadeable Iowa Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GRADE-CONTROL STRUCTURES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; RIPARIAN ZONES; COMMUNITIES; RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATES; MINNESOTA AB Fish assemblages play it key role in stream ecosystems and are influenced by physical habitat. We analyzed fish assemblage,., and physical habitat at 93 randomly selected sites on second- through fifth-order wadeable Iowa streams to explore fish assemblage relationships with reach-scale physical habitat in this agriculturally dominated landscape. Sites were sampled using DC electrofishing and the wadeable streams physical habitat protocol of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. In all, 92 species were collected. with specie, richness at sites averaging 14. Over 80% of the sites had fish assemblages rated as fair (53%) or poor (32%) based on a fish index of biotic integrity (FIBI). Ordination separated sites from the two major river drainages along an axis of impairment. with sites in the Missouri River drainage exhibiting lower FIBI scores than sites in the Mississippi River drainage. Physical habitat at most sites exhibited fine substrates, eroding banks, and low-gradient, nonmeandering channel and was dominated by glides. Thirty physical habitat variables describing channel morphology, channel cross section and bank morphology, fish cover. human disturbance, large woody debris, relative bed stability, residual pool, riparian vegetation, and substrate differed significantly between sites with FIBI scores rated as poor and those with FIBI scores rated as good or excellent. Eighteen physical habitat variables were significant predictors of fish assemblage metrics and FIBI in multiple linear regression models, with adjusted R 2 values ranging from 0.12 to 0.58. Seventy percent of the model coefficients reflected substrate (40%). residual pool (21%), and fish cover (9%) variables. Fish assemblages in wadeable Iowa streams are strongly associated with the quality of physical habitat. Thus, understanding and addressing the determinants of physical habitat are crucial tor managing streams in Iowa and other agricultural regions. C1 [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rowe, David C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wilton, Thomas F.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. RP Pierce, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cpierce@iastate.edu FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management FX We recognize the contributions of the University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory limnologists, especially Mike Birmingham, Todd Hubbard, and Jim Luzier, for collecting the fish data; James Baskett, Iaian Bock, Matt Derry, Sara Duda, Ryan Harr, Andy Jansen, Sonya Krogh, and Russ Powers for help with the physical habitat surveys Brenda Van Beek for administrative support; Phil Dixon and Hadley Wickham for statistical guidance and advice; the USEPA Office of Research and Development, Corvallis, Oregon, for technical support with site selection; and David Peck, Phil Kaufmann, and Marlys Cappaert for preliminary data processing. Comments from Phil Dixon, Tom Isenhart, Zac Jackson, and Jeff Koch improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, the Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1314 EP 1332 DI 10.1577/M08-192.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500012 ER PT J AU Rowe, DC Pierce, CL Wilton, TF AF Rowe, David C. Pierce, Clay L. Wilton, Thomas F. TI Physical Habitat and Fish Assemblage Relationships with Landscape Variables at Multiple Spatial Scales in Wadeable Iowa Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WISCONSIN STREAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIPARIAN ZONES; QUALITY; RIVER; CLASSIFICATION; URBANIZATION; DISTURBANCE AB Landscapes in Iowa and other midwestern states have been profoundly altered by conversion of native prairies to agriculture. We analyzed landscape data collected at multiple spatial scales to explore relationships with reach-scale physical habitat and fish assemblage data from 93 randomly selected sites on second- through fifth-order wadeable Iowa streams. Ordination of sites by physical habitat showed significant gradients of channel shape, habitat complexity, Substrate composition, and stream size. Several landscape variables were significantly associated with the physical habitat ordination. Row crop land use was associated with fine substrates and steep bank angles, whereas wetland land cover and greater Sinuosity and catchment land area were associated with complex channel and bank morphology and greater residual pool Volume, woody debris, and canopy cover. Thirteen landscape variables were significant predictors of physical habitat variables in multiple linear regressions, with adjusted R(2) values ranging from 0.07 to 0.74. Inclusion Of landscape variables with physical habitat variables in multiple regression models predicting fish assemblage metrics and a fish index of biotic integrity resulted in negligible improvements over models based on our physical habitat variables. Physical habitat in wadeable Iowa streams is strongly associated with landscape characteristics. Results of this Study and previous studies Suggest that (1) landscape factors directly influence physical habitat, (2) physical habitat directly influences fish assemblages. and (3) the influence of landscape factors on fish assemblages is primarily indirect. Understanding how landscape factors, such as human land use, influence physical habitat and fish assemblages will help managers make more informed decisions for improving Iowa's wadeable streams. C1 [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rowe, David C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wilton, Thomas F.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. RP Pierce, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cpierce@iastate.edu FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management FX We recognize the contributions of the University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory limnologists, especially Mike Birmingham, Todd Hubbard, and Jim Luzier, for collecting the fish data. Thanks to James Baskett, Iaian Bock, Matt Derry, Sara Duda, Ryan Harr, Andy Jansen, Sonya Krogh. and Russ Powers for help with the physical habitat surveys. Thanks to Brenda Van Beek for administrative support: Todd Hansen for,geographical information systems advice and support; Phil Dixon and Hadley Wickham for statistical guidance; and David Peck, Phil Kaufmann, and Marlys Cappaert of the USEPA Mike of Research and Development for technical support with site selection and data management. Comments from Phil Dixon, Tom Isenhart, Jeff Koch, and Mary Litvan improved this manuscript. Funding wits provided by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, the Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1333 EP 1351 DI 10.1577/M08-193.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500013 ER PT J AU Hatten, JR Tiffan, KF Anglin, DR Haeseker, SL Skalicky, JJ Schaller, H AF Hatten, James R. Tiffan, Kenneth F. Anglin, Donald R. Haeseker, Steven L. Skalicky, Joseph J. Schaller, Howard TI A Spatial Model to Assess the Effects of Hydropower Operations on Columbia River Fall Chinook Salmon Spawning Habitat SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID REDD SITE SELECTION; CHUM SALMON; FLOW; CALIFORNIA AB Priest Rapids Dam oil the Columbia River produces large daily and hourly stream flow fluctuations throughout the Hanford Reach during the period when fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are selecting spawning habitat, constructing redds, and actively engaged in spawning. Concern over the detrimental effects of these fluctuations prompted us to quantify the effects of variable flows oil the amount and persistence of fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the Hanford Reach. Specifically, our goal was to develop a management tool capable of quantifying the effects of current and alternative hydrographs oil predicted spawning habitat in a spatially explicit manner. Toward this goal, we modeled the water velocities and depths that fall Chinook salmon experienced during the 2004 spawning season, plus what they would probably have experienced under several alternative (i.e., synthetic) hydrographs, using both one- and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models. To estimate spawning habitat under existing or alternative hydrographs, we used cell-based modeling and logistic regression to construct and compare numerous spatial habitat models. We found that fall Chinook salmon were more likely to spawn at locations where velocities were persistently greater than 1 m/s and in areas where fluctuating water velocities were reduced. Simulations of alternative dam operations indicate that the quantity of spawning habitat is expected to increase as stream flow fluctuations are reduced during the spawning season. The spatial habitat models that we developed provide management agencies, with a quantitative tool for predicting, in a spatially explicit manner. the effects of different flow regimes oil fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the Hanford Reach. In addition to characterizing temporally varying habitat conditions, our research describes all analytical approach that could be applied in other highly variable aquatic systems. C1 [Hatten, James R.; Tiffan, Kenneth F.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Anglin, Donald R.; Haeseker, Steven L.; Skalicky, Joseph J.; Schaller, Howard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Hatten, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jhatten@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission FX We thank the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for financial and logistical support. Lee Hillwig and Tim Roth, USFWS, were instrumental in acquiring supplementary funding from the service. We thank our colleagues in USFWS, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, The Fish Passage Center, and Nugent GIS and Environmental Services who cooperated with project activities. Specifically, we thank Bob Heinith from the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission for providing financial, logistical, and personnel Support. Henry Franzoni from The Fish Passage Center provided programming support for automated data processing. Grant County Public Utility District coordinated with staff to provide low streamflows for the CHARTS bathymetric survey. Ray Beamesderfer from S. P. Cramer and Associates provided insight on logistical and study design. Staff assisting with various aspects of this project included Jonathan Miller, Darren Gallion, Tad Kisaka, Bao Le, Marshall Barrows, David Hines, Toby Koch, John Kirby, Ryan Koch, Thomas Batt, Josh Morse, and Gregory George. The findings and conclusions in this Manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1405 DI 10.1577/M08-053.1 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500016 ER PT J AU Moyer, GR Rousey, JD Cantrell, MA AF Moyer, Gregory R. Rousey, J. D. Cantrell, M. A. TI Genetic Evaluation of a Conservation Hatchery Program for Reintroduction of Sicklefin Redhorse Moxostoma sp in the Tuckasegee River, North Carolina SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; COPPER REDHORSE; DIVERSITY; CATOSTOMIDAE; VARIABILITY; HUBBSI; DRIFT AB Restoration and reintroduction efforts for the sicklefin redhorse Moxostoma sp. have been initiated by state. tribal. and federal agencies owing to the limited geographic distribution of this species and threats associated with the physical alteration of its habitat. A critical component of a Successful reintroduction is that the source and recipient populations have similar genetic resources and life history patterns. We used 10 microsatellite loci to estimate and compare indices of genetic diversity between the Little Tennessee River population of wild adults and the hatchery broodstock being used for initial reintroduction efforts. We also compared relatedness values for the broodstock used for restoration efforts. There were no significant difference,.; between hatchery broodstock and wild adults with respect to average gene diversity. but the average number of alleles for each brood year was., significantly less than thin for wild Adults. While this trend persisted when the 2007 and 2008 brood years (combined) were compared with wild adults, the reduction was not significant. Finally, all hatchery crosses were among unrelated individuals. Our results highlight the importance Of using genetic information to assist restoration and reintroduction efforts. C1 [Moyer, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Rousey, J. D.] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Cantrell, M. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, 5308 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM greg_moyer@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Office of Asheville, North Carolina FX We would like to thank S. Fraley, W. Russ, J. Yonce, and P. Rakes for sample collection. Hatchery progeny were cultured at Conservation Fisheries, Inc. Funding was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Office of Asheville, North Carolina, to G.R.M. We thank S. Clemmensen for laboratory assistance, and B. Wayman and B. Sloss for insightful comments, editorial assistance, and helpful discussion. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1438 EP 1443 DI 10.1577/M08-201.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500020 ER PT J AU Pribyl, AL Schreck, CB Kent, ML Parker, SJ AF Pribyl, Alena L. Schreck, Carl B. Kent, Michael L. Parker, Steven J. TI The Differential Response to Decompression in Three Species of Nearshore Pacific Rockfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GAS-BUBBLE DISEASE; BUOYANCY REGULATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; BAROTRAUMA; SEBASTES; BEHAVIOR; HISTOPATHOLOGY; MOVEMENTS; CAPTURE; RELEASE AB The genus Sebastes (rockfishes) is an ecologically diverse group of fish, more than 60 species occurring off the Oregon, Washington, and California coasts. As of 2004, seven species of rockfish were classified as overfished by the Pacific Fishery Management Council. Because rockfishes often experience barotrauma to varying degrees when forced up from depth, the management of discard mortality has been difficult. In this study, the macroscopic, morphological, and physiological responses to decompression of black rockfish S. melanops, blue rockfish S. mystinus, and yellowtail rockfish S. flavidus, all nearshore species, were investigated. The rockfish were adjusted to 4.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA; 35 m) over a period of 7-10 d in hyperbaric pressure chambers and when neutrally buoyant were rapidly brought to surface pressure in a simulated ascent. They were then examined for barotrauma injury, and the heart ventricle, head kidney, liver, gill, and pseudobranch were collected for histological analysis. We observed more macroscopic barotrauma indicators in black rockfish and blue rockfish than in yellowtail rockfish. Histological analysis showed emphysema was present in the heart ventricle of more than one-half of the black rockfish, 11% of the blue rockfish, and none of the yellowtail rockfish. No other tissue had observable injury at the histological level that was attributable to barotrauma. The lack of injury at the tissue level for black, blue, and yellowtail rockfishes decompressed from 4.5 ATA is remarkable. C1 [Pribyl, Alena L.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Parker, Steven J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Nelson, New Zealand. RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM alena.pribyl@oregonstate.edu RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016 OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259 FU Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco, California); ODFW; Oregon State University's Department of Fisheries and Wildlife FX We thank Cliff Pereira for help with statistical analyses. We thank the personnel at ODFW (Newport, Oregon) who assisted in fish collections and sample collections. We thank Polly Rankin (ODFW) who assisted and taught us fish collection, fish husbandry, and operation of the hyperbaric pressure chambers. We also thank the reviewers for valuable comments. This research was funded by the Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco, California) and ODFW. Publication of this paper was Supported in part by the Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund through Oregon State University's Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Reference to trade names (toes not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1479 EP 1486 DI 10.1577/M08-234.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500024 ER PT J AU Silver, GS Luzier, CW Whitesel, TA AF Silver, Gregory S. Luzier, Christina W. Whitesel, Timothy A. TI Detection and Longevity of Uncured and Cured Visible Implant Elastomer Tags in Larval Pacific Lampreys SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID VISIBILITY; RETENTION; RECAPTURE; TROUT AB Studies of the biology, ecology. and status of the Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata may require effective means of tagging larval Pacific lampreys. However. few assessments of the methods suitable for tagging larval Pacific lampreys have been conducted. We evaluated the performance of visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags in larval Pacific lampreys. specifically testing the effects of elastomer treatment (uncured versus cured VIE) and inspection light source (ambient light versus blue light-emitting diode [LED] flashlight.) on tag detection in 40 larvae. Through day 25 1 after tagging. tag detection was 100% for both uncured and cured VIE tags observed under ambient light and blue LED light. Longevity of uncured VIE tags was assessed in a second cohort of 32 VIE-tagged larval Pacific lampreys over a 2-year captive rearing period. Percent VIE tag detection was 91% for red tags, 90% for orange tags. and 64% for green tags through day 699 after tagging. This Study affirms that both uncured and Cured VIE tags can be effectively used to tag larval Pacific lampreys. Tagging with uncured VIE is a convenient and economical alternative to cured VIE tagging, particularly when tagging over protracted periods or small sample sizes. C1 [Silver, Gregory S.; Luzier, Christina W.; Whitesel, Timothy A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Silver, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM gregory_silver@fws.gov FU Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration [2000-01400] FX Funding for this study was provided in part by the Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration Project Number 2000-01400. We thank the employees of AFTC for the use of laboratory space and other assistance. We also thank Donna Allard, Bill Brignon, Trevor Conder, Justin Cook, Sara Hansen, Michelle McGree, Courtney Newlon, Howard Schaller, Ryan Sollee, and Jen Stone for their contributions to this study. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1496 EP 1501 DI 10.1577/M08-199.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500026 ER PT J AU Griffin, PC Mills, LS AF Griffin, Paul C. Mills, L. Scott TI Sinks without borders: snowshoe hare dynamics in a complex landscape SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN MONTANA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FRAGMENTED HABITAT; CYCLIC POPULATION; LEPUS-AMERICANUS; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; RATES; FLUCTUATIONS; PATCHINESS AB A full understanding of population dynamics of wide-ranging animals should account for the effects that movement and habitat use have on individual contributions to population growth or decline. Quantifying the per-capita, habitat-specific contribution to population growth can clarify the value of different patch types, and help to differentiate population sources from population sinks. Snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus, routinely use various habitat types in the landscapes they inhabit in the contiguous US, where managing forests for high snowshoe hare density is a priority for conservation of Canada lynx, Lynx canadensis. We estimated density and demographic rates via mark-recapture live trapping and radio-telemetry within four forest stand structure (FSS) types at three study areas within heterogeneous managed forests in western Montana. We found support for known fate survival models with time-varying individual covariates representing the proportion of locations in each of the FSS types, with survival rates decreasing as use of open young and open mature FSS types increased. The per-capita contribution to overall population growth increased with use of the dense mature or dense young FSS types and decreased with use of the open young or open mature FSS types, and relatively high levels of immigration appear to be necessary to sustain hares in the open FSS types. Our results support a conceptual model for snowshoe hares in the southern range in which sink habitats (open areas) prevent the buildup of high hare densities. More broadly, we use this system to develop a novel approach to quantify demographic sources and sinks for animals making routine movements through complex fragmented landscapes. C1 [Griffin, Paul C.; Mills, L. Scott] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Griffin, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM paul.griffin@forestry.umt.edu RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X FU N.S.F. [DEB-9876054, DEB-0105123]; associated R.E.U. grants; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Plum Creek Timber Co. FX This research was funded by N.S.F. grants DEB-9876054, DEB-0105123 and associated R.E.U. grants, US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and Plum Creek Timber Co. We thank Universal Medical Systems and the Univ. of Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit for equipment. We thank D. Christian, C. Henderson, K. Hodges, J. Goodburn, K. McKelvey, M. Lindberg, D. Pletscher, J. Runge, L. Svensson and J. Vucetich for manuscript review. We thank G. White, C. Schwartz and M. Haroldson for field and statistical advice. We thank U.S.F.S Seeley Lake district personnel T. Love, B. Johnson and L. Blackburn; J. Squires and J. Kolbe and U.S.F.S. lynx research crew; L. Bienen, J. Fuller, C. Gillin, S. Griffin, A. Landro, J. Newby, N. Olson and K. Sterling, L. Pouderoux, C. Waroquiers and three dozen field technicians and volunteers. NR 54 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 2009 VL 118 IS 10 BP 1487 EP 1498 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17621.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502DO UT WOS:000270435300006 ER PT J AU Xu, MS Song, WZ Huang, RJ Peng, Y Shirazi, B Lahusen, R Kiely, A Peterson, N Ma, A Anusuya-Rangappa, L Miceli, M McBride, D AF Xu, Mingsen Song, Wen-Zhan Huang, Renjie Peng, Yang Shirazi, Behrooz Lahusen, Richard Kiely, Aaron Peterson, Nina Ma, Andy Anusuya-Rangappa, Lohith Miceli, Michael McBride, Devin TI Design of smart sensing components for volcano monitoring SO PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Wireless sensor network; Volcano monitoring; Situation awareness; Time synchronization AB In a volcano monitoring application, various geophysical and geochemical sensors generate continuous high-fidelity data, and there is a compelling need for real-time raw data for volcano eruption prediction research. It requires the network to support network synchronized sampling, online configurable sensing and situation awareness, which pose significant challenges on sensing component design. Ideally, the resource usages shall be driven by the environment and node situations, and the data quality is optimized under resource constraints. In this paper, we present our smart sensing component design, including hybrid time synchronization, configurable sensing, and situation awareness. Both design details and evaluation results are presented to show their efficiency. Although the presented design is for a volcano monitoring application, its design philosophy and framework can also apply to other similar applications and platforms. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Mingsen; Song, Wen-Zhan; Huang, Renjie; Peng, Yang; Ma, Andy] Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Kiely, Aaron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lahusen, Richard] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Shirazi, Behrooz; Peterson, Nina; Anusuya-Rangappa, Lohith] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Miceli, Michael] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [McBride, Devin] Seattle Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Song, WZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM mingsen_xu@wsu.edu; songwz@wsu.edu; renjie_huang@wsu.edu; yang_peng@wsu.edu; shirazi@wsu.edu; rlahusen@usgs.gov; Aaron.B.Kiely@jpl.nasa.gov; npicone@eecs.wsu.edu; hama@wsu.edu; lanusuya@eecs.wsu.edu; mmicel2@lsu.edu; mcbrided@seattleu.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ESTO AIST program; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazard program [NNX06AE42G]; USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX This work is supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ESTO AIST program and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazard program under the research grant NNX06AE42G. Partial results of this paper was published in [Y. Peng, R. Lahusen, B. Shirazi, W. Song, Design of smart sensing component for volcano monitoring, in: the 4th IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments, 2008].; This work was done in the OASIS project (http://sensorweb.vancouver.wsu.edu). We greatly appreciate the supports from USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory (John Pallister, Dan Dzurisin, Seth Moran, Mike Lisowski) and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Steve Chien, Sharon Kedar, Frank Webb, Joshua Doubleday, Danny Tran, Ashley Davies). NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1192 J9 PERVASIVE MOB COMPUT JI Pervasive Mob. Comput. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 BP 639 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.06.004 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA V24FN UT WOS:000208396400019 ER PT J AU Rocchini, D Nagendra, H Ghate, R Cade, BS AF Rocchini, Duccio Nagendra, Harini Ghate, Rucha Cade, Brian S. TI Spectral Distance Decay: Assessing Species Beta-diversity by Quantile Regression SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL DRY FORESTS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SOUTH FLORIDA; LAND-COVER; SIMILARITY; BIODIVERSITY; RESOLUTION; LANDSCAPE; RICHNESS; PATTERNS AB Remotely sensed data represents key information for characterizing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance may allow us to quantitatively estimate how beta-diversity in species changes with respect to spectral and ecological variability. In classical regression analysis, the residual sum of squares is minimized for the mean of the dependent variable distribution. However, many ecological datasets are characterized by a high number of zeroes that can add noise to the regression model. Quantile regression can be used to evaluate trend in the upper quantiles rather than a mean trend across the whole distribution of the dependent variable. In this paper, we used ordinary least square (OLS) and quantile regression to estimate the decay of species similarity versus spectral distance. The achieved decay rates were statistically nonzero (p < 0.05) considering both OLS and quantile regression. Nonetheless, OLS regression estimate of mean decay rate was only half the decay rate indicated by the upper quantiles. Moreover, the intercept value, representing the similarity reached when spectral distance approaches zero, was very low compared with the intercepts of upper quantiles, which detected high species similarity when habitats are more similar. In this paper we demonstrated the power of using quantile regressions applied to spectral distance decay in order to reveal species diversity patterns otherwise lost or underestimated by ordinary least square regression. C1 [Rocchini, Duccio] Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali G Sarfatti, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Nagendra, Harini] Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. [Nagendra, Harini] Indiana Univ, Ctr Study Inst Populat & Environm Change, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Ghate, Rucha] Inst Res & Dev, SHODH, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India. [Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rocchini, D (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali G Sarfatti, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM rocchini@unisi.it RI Nagendra, Harini/A-9103-2009; Rocchini, Duccio/B-6742-2011; OI Nagendra, Harini/0000-0002-1585-0724 FU Branco Weiss: Society in Science Fellowship FX We are particularly grateful to the Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Russell G. Congalton, and the two anonymous referees for useful insights made on a previous draft of the paper. We are particularly grateful to G. Bacaro and B. Waltermire for comments on a previous version of the paper. We thank the Maharashtra Forest Department for providing us with the permissions to conduct field research, and local communities for assisting with data collection. Financial assistance to H. Nagendra from the Branco Weiss: Society in Science Fellowship is gratefully acknowledged. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1225 EP 1230 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506TM UT WOS:000270799200007 ER PT J AU Lockner, DA Tanaka, H Ito, H Ikeda, R Omura, K Naka, H AF Lockner, David A. Tanaka, Hidemi Ito, Hisao Ikeda, Ryuji Omura, Kentaro Naka, Hisanobu TI Geometry of the Nojima Fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - I. A Simple Damage Structure Inferred from Borehole Core Permeability SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Nojima fault; fault structure; permeability; strength; Kobe earthquake ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; KARADERE-DUZCE BRANCH; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; TRAPPED WAVES; ZONE; GRANITE; EARTHQUAKE; ROCKS AB The 1995 Kobe (Hyogo-ken Nanbu) earthquake, M = 7.2, ruptured the Nojima fault in southwest Japan. We have studied core samples taken from two scientific drillholes that crossed the fault zone SW of the epicentral region on Awaji Island. The shallower hole, drilled by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), was started 75 m to the SE of the surface trace of the Nojima fault and crossed the fault at a depth of 624 m. A deeper hole, drilled by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) was started 302 m to the SE of the fault and crossed fault strands below a depth of 1140 m. We have measured strength and matrix permeability of core samples taken from these two drillholes. We find a strong correlation between permeability and proximity to the fault zone shear axes. The half-width of the high permeability zone (approximately 15 to 25 m) is in good agreement with the fault zone width inferred from trapped seismic wave analysis and other evidence. The fault zone core or shear axis contains clays with permeabilities of approximately 0.1 to 1 microdarcy at 50 MPa effective confining pressure (10 to 30 microdarcy at in situ pressures). Within a few meters of the fault zone core, the rock is highly fractured but has sustained little net shear. Matrix permeability of this zone is approximately 30 to 60 microdarcy at 50 MPa effective confining pressure (300 to 1000 microdarcy at in situ pressures). Outside this damage zone, matrix permeability drops below 0.01 microdarcy. The clay-rich core material has the lowest strength with a coefficient of friction of approximately 0.55. Shear strength increases with distance from the shear axis. These permeability and strength observations reveal a simple fault zone structure with a relatively weak fine-grained core surrounded by a damage zone of fractured rock. In this case, the damage zone will act as a high-permeability conduit for vertical and horizontal flow in the plane of the fault. The fine-grained core region, however, will impede fluid flow across the fault. C1 [Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tanaka, Hidemi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Ito, Hisao] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Ctr Deep Earth Explorat, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ikeda, Ryuji] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Omura, Kentaro] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Naka, Hisanobu] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. RP Lockner, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dlockner@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 166 IS 10-11 BP 1649 EP 1667 DI 10.1007/s00024-009-0515-0 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 500HM UT WOS:000270289500006 ER PT J AU Moore, DE Lockner, DA Ito, H Ikeda, R Tanaka, H Omura, K AF Moore, Diane E. Lockner, David A. Ito, Hisao Ikeda, Riuji Tanaka, Hidemi Omura, Kentaro TI Geometry of the Nojima Fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - II. Microstructures and their Implications for Permeability and Strength SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Fault zone; microstructures; secondary mineralization; permeability; strength ID KEN NANBU-EARTHQUAKE; 1995 KOBE EARTHQUAKE; AWAJI ISLAND; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; FRICTIONAL STRENGTH; CORE SAMPLES; DRILL CORE; ZONE; MECHANISMS; MICROCRACKS AB Samples of damage-zone granodiorite and fault core from two drillholes into the active, strike-slip Nojima fault zone display microstructures and alteration features that explain their measured present-day strengths and permeabilities and provide insight on the evolution of these properties in the fault zone. The least deformed damage-zone rocks contain two sets of nearly perpendicular (60-90A degrees angles), roughly vertical fractures that are concentrated in quartz-rich areas, with one set typically dominating over the other. With increasing intensity of deformation, which corresponds generally to increasing proximity to the core, zones of heavily fragmented rock, termed microbreccia zones, develop between prominent fractures of both sets. Granodiorite adjoining intersecting microbreccia zones in the active fault strands has been repeatedly fractured and locally brecciated, accompanied by the generation of millimeter-scale voids that are partly filled with secondary minerals. Minor shear bands overprint some of the heavily deformed areas, and small-scale shear zones form from the pairing of closely spaced shear bands. Strength and permeability measurements were made on core collected from the fault within a year after a major (Kobe) earthquake. Measured strengths of the samples decrease regularly with increasing fracturing and fragmentation, such that the gouge of the fault core and completely brecciated samples from the damage zone are the weakest. Permeability increases with increasing disruption, generally reaching a peak in heavily fractured but still more or less cohesive rock at the scale of the laboratory samples. Complete loss of cohesion, as in the gouge or the interiors of large microbreccia zones, is accompanied by a reduction of permeability by 1-2 orders of magnitude below the peak values. The core samples show abundant evidence of hydrothermal alteration and mineral precipitation. Permeability is thus expected to decrease and strength to increase somewhat in active fault strands between earthquakes, as mineral deposits progressively seal fractures and fill pore spaces. C1 [Moore, Diane E.; Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ito, Hisao] Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Ito, Hisao] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Ctr Deep Earth Explorat, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ikeda, Riuji; Omura, Kentaro] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ikeda, Riuji] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Tanaka, Hidemi] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. [Tanaka, Hidemi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmoore@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 166 IS 10-11 BP 1669 EP 1691 DI 10.1007/s00024-009-0513-2 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 500HM UT WOS:000270289500007 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM AF Beeler, N. M. TI Constructing Constitutive Relationships for Seismic and Aseismic Fault Slip SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Friction; dynamic fault slip; brittle ductile transition ID TIME-DEPENDENT FRICTION; STICK-SLIP; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; APPARENT STRESS; QUARTZ GOUGE; EARTHQUAKES; ROCK; TEMPERATURE; FRACTURE; GRANITE AB For the purpose of modeling natural fault slip, a useful result from an experimental fault mechanics study would be a physically-based constitutive relation that well characterizes all the relevant observations. This report describes an approach for constructing such equations. Where possible the construction intends to identify or, at least, attribute physical processes and contact scale physics to the observations such that the resulting relations can be extrapolated in conditions and scale between the laboratory and the Earth. The approach is developed as an alternative but is based on Ruina (1983) and is illustrated initially by constructing a couple of relations from that study. In addition, two example constitutive relationships are constructed; these describe laboratory observations not well-modeled by Ruina's equations: the unexpected shear-induced weakening of silica-rich rocks at high slip speed (Goldsby and Tullis, 2002) and fault strength in the brittle ductile transition zone (Shimamoto, 1986). The examples, provided as illustration, may also be useful for quantitative modeling. C1 [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beeler, N. M.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, 1300 Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM nbeeler@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF [EAR0106924]; USGS [02HQAG0008] FX Discussion or correspondence with D. Goldsby, T. Tullis, D. Lockner, T. Shimamoto, G. DiToro, J. D. Weeks, M. Nakatani, J. Dieterich, G. Hirth and J. Rice are gratefully acknowledged. Unpublished notes by Jim Rice of his work with G. Perrin on the quadratic state relation were particularly helpful and influential. The paper was enhanced in response to comments by J. Gomberg, M. Boettcher, two anonymous reviewers and the associated editor Y. Ben Zion. The first anonymous reviewer found conceptual and mathematical errors in the original draft. The associate editor and reviewer guided the correction of these errors through an extra round of review. Many thanks to them. This research was supported by the US Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center. Research at SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution 1263. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 166 IS 10-11 BP 1775 EP 1798 DI 10.1007/s00024-009-0523-0 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 500HM UT WOS:000270289500011 ER PT J AU Normark, WR Paull, CK Caress, DW Ussler, W Sliter, R AF Normark, William R. Paull, Charles K. Caress, David W. Ussler, William, III Sliter, Ray TI Fine-scale relief related to Late Holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flow-stripping; scours; submarine canyons; submarine fans; turbidite ID UPPER MONTEREY CANYON; NAVY SUBMARINE FAN; CYCLIC STEPS; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SEDIMENT WAVES; ERODIBLE BED; SANTA-MONICA; SEA-LEVEL; C-14 DATA; LOBE AB Erosional and depositional bedforms have been imaged at outcrop scale in the upper Redondo Fan, in the San Pedro Basin of offshore Southern California in >= 600 m water depths, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is equipped with multibeam and chirp sub-bottom sonars. Sampling and photographic images using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Remotely Operated Vehicle Tiburon provide groundtruth for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey. The 0 center dot 3 m vertical and 1 center dot 5 m lateral bathymetric resolution and 0 center dot 1 m sub-bottom profile resolution provide unprecedented detail of bedform morphology and structure. Multiple channels within the Redondo Fan have been active at different times during the Late Holocene (0 to 3000 yr bp). The currently active channel extending from Redondo Canyon makes an abrupt 90 degrees turn at the canyon mouth before resuming a south-easterly course along the east side of the Redondo Fan. This channel is floored by sand and characterized by small steps generally < 1 m in relief, spaced 10 to 80 m in the down-channel direction. A broader channel complex lies along the western side of the fan valley that was last active more than 850 years ago. Two distinct trains of large scours, with widths ranging from tens to a few hundred metres and depths of 20 m, occur on the floor of the western channel complex, which has a thin mud drape. If observed in cross-section only, these large scours would probably be misidentified as the thalweg of an active channel. C1 [Normark, William R.; Sliter, Ray] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Paull, Charles K.; Caress, David W.; Ussler, William, III] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Normark, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM Paull@mbari.org OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support for both field operations. Special thanks to the crews of the R/V Western Flyer and R/V Zephyr, the pilots of the ROV Tiburon and the AUV operators. The authors thank Pete Dartnell (USGS) for providing the multibeam images of the San Pedro Basin and Redondo Fan. Brian Romans (Stanford University) was instrumental in obtaining the CCD photographs of the vibracores and Mary McGann (USGS) prepared the samples for radiocarbon dating. Belen Alonso, Andrea Fildani, Homa Lee, Dave Piper and Dave Twichell provided beneficial manuscript reviews. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1690 EP 1704 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 495GG UT WOS:000269878000006 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZJ Bai, ZM Mooney, W Wang, CY Chen, XB Wang, E Teng, JW Okaya, N AF Zhang, Zhongjie Bai, Zhiming Mooney, Walter Wang, Chunyong Chen, Xuebo Wang, Erchie Teng, Jiwen Okaya, Nihal TI Crustal structure across the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze platform, central China, from seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Yangtze platform; Zigui basin; Huangling dome; Jianghan basin; P-wave velocities; Composition ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE CALCULATION; SOUTH CHINA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; BASIN DEVELOPMENT; TIBETAN PLATEAU; EASTERN CHINA; SOUNDING DATA; KENYA RIFT AB We present active-source seismic data recorded along a 300 km-long profile across the Three Gorges area of the western Yangtze platform, central China. From west to east, the profile crosses the Zigui basin, Huangling dome and Jianghan basin. The derived crustal P-wave velocity structure changes significantly across the Tongchenghe fault that lies at the transition from the Huangling dome to the Jianghan basin. West of the Tongchenghe fault, beneath the Zigui basin and the Huangling dome, we observe a similar to 42 km thick crust of relatively low average velocity (6.3-6.4 km/s). In contrast, east of the Tongchenghe fault. beneath the Jianghan basin, the crust is only 30 km thick and has a high average velocity (6.6-6.7 km/s). A west-east variation in crustal composition along the Tongchenghe fault is also inferred. West of the fault, P-wave velocities suggest a felsic composition with an intermediate layer at the base of the crust, whilst, east of the fault, felsic, intermediate, and mafic crustal layers are apparent. Our results suggest that the crust beneath the Jianghan basin has been thinned by rifting, accompanied by intrusion of the lower crust by mafic dikes and sills. The west-to-east division of the crust in the Three Gorges area coincides with first-order geophysical contrasts in gravity, topography, crustal and lithospheric thickness. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Zhongjie; Bai, Zhiming; Wang, Erchie; Teng, Jiwen] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Mooney, Walter; Okaya, Nihal] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wang, Chunyong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xuebo] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Dynam Deformat, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, ZJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zhangzj@mail.iggcasaccn; mooney@usgs.gov FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-132]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [40721003, 40830315]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China FX The study was financially supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-132), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (40721003, 40830315), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. The authors appreciate the field acquisition by the China Earthquake Administration. Comments by P.R. Reddy and N. Knepprath improved the text. Fig. 1b was made by N. Knepprath. We thank J.E. Vidale and C.A. Zelt for providing inversion software used in this study. Constructive suggestions from H. Thybo, J.E. Vidale and another anonymous reviewer improved the study. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 475 IS 3-4 BP 423 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.022 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 542UP UT WOS:000273524100002 ER PT J AU Forsman, ZH Birkeland, C AF Forsman, Zac H. Birkeland, Charles TI Porites randalli: a new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Cnidaria; Scleractinia; Porites; Poritidae; new species; American Samoa AB A new species of scleractinian coral, Porites randalli spec. nov. (Scleractinia, Poritidae), previously known as Porites sp. 2, is described from American Samoa. P. randalli typically forms small pale green colonies that are usually < 5 cm in diameter, with a surface reticulated with small (0.5 cm(-2) cm) nubbins or protuberances. Colonies have been observed between 1-12 m depths in a variety of reef habitats and are among the most common corals in American Samoa. Corallites are approximately 1 mm in diameter and are sunken with a visible ring of pali. The columella is either lacking or small, with 1,2 or no radii, six pali (five large and a small one on the dorsal septum). Corallite walls rise gradually with concentric rows of denticles. Porites randalli spec. nov. is an example of cryptic diversity; it is a small coral that at first glance can be overlooked or mistaken for a young colony of other species. C1 [Forsman, Zac H.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Birkeland, Charles] Univ Hawaii Manoa, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Forsman, ZH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM zac@hawaii.edu FU Government of American Samoa's Coral Reef Advisory Group; Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources; NOAA Marine Sanctuaries Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04NOS4260172] FX We wish to commend the Government of American Samoa's Coral Reef Advisory Group and Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, and the NOAA Marine Sanctuaries Program, in their continual sponsorship of monitoring of their marine resources. We thank Daniel J. Barshis for assistance, and Gustav Paulay and Carden Wallace for suggestions that improved the manuscript. ZHF was supported by funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, under awards # NA04NOS4260172 to the University of Hawaii for the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U. S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 1 PY 2009 IS 2244 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 501OX UT WOS:000270392300002 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Barkan, R Andrews, BD Chaytor, JD AF ten Brink, U. S. Barkan, R. Andrews, B. D. Chaytor, J. D. TI Size distributions and failure initiation of submarine and subaerial landslides SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Inverse Power Law; Lognormal distribution; Continental slope; US East Coast; Ground shaking; Landslides; Slope stability; Northridge earthquake; Self-organized criticality ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; GRAND-BANKS EARTHQUAKE; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MASS MOVEMENTS; TSUNAMI HAZARD; DEBRIS FLOWS; PREDICTION; MAGNITUDE; EVOLUTION; MARGIN AB Landslides are often viewed together with other natural hazards, such as earthquakes and fires, as phenomena whose size distribution obeys an inverse power law. Inverse power law distributions are the result of additive avalanche processes. in which the final size cannot be predicted at the onset of the disturbance. Volume and area distributions of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope follow a lognormal distribution and not an inverse power law. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we generated area distributions of submarine landslides that show a characteristic size and with few smaller and larger areas, which can be described well by a lognormal distribution. To generate these distributions we assumed that the area of slope failure depends on earthquake magnitude, i.e., that failure occurs simultaneously over the area affected by horizontal ground shaking, and does not cascade from nucleating points. Furthermore, the downslope movement of displaced sediments does not entrain significant amounts of additional material. Our simulations fit well the area distribution of landslide sources along the Atlantic continental margin, if we assume that the slope has been subjected to earthquakes of magnitude <= 6.3. Regions of submarine landslides, whose area distributions obey inverse power laws, may be controlled by different generation mechanisms. such as the gradual development of fractures in the headwalls of cliffs. The observation of a large number of small subaerial landslides being triggered by a single earthquake is also compatible with the hypothesis that failure occurs simultaneously in many locations within the area affected by ground shaking. Unlike submarine landslides, which are found on large uniformly-dipping slopes, a single large landslide scarp cannot form on land because of the heterogeneous morphology and short slope distances of tectonically-active subaerial regions. However, for a given earthquake magnitude, the total area affected by subaerial landslides is comparable to that calculated by slope stability analysis for submarine landslides. The area distribution of subaerial landslides from a single event may be determined by the size distribution of the morphology of the affected area, not by the initiation process. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [ten Brink, U. S.; Andrews, B. D.; Chaytor, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Barkan, R.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU U.S.-NRC [N6480] FX Discussions with Andy Solow and helpful reviews by Eric Geist, Homa Lee, and Niels Hovius are gratefully acknowledged. Jeff Coe provided the digital elevation model used in Fig. 9 and Dave Mosher provided details about the 1929 Grand Banks landslide. Work was partially funded by U.S.-NRC grant N6480 Physical study of tsunami sources. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 287 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.031 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 513ZC UT WOS:000271361800004 ER PT J AU Peters, NE AF Peters, Norman E. TI Effects of urbanization on stream water quality in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE urbanization; stream water quality; nutrients; bacteria; major ions; weathering; monitoring ID URBAN RUNOFF WATERS; 1ST FLUSH LOAD; HEAVY-METALS; STORMWATER QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; POLLUTION; IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; HYDROLOGY AB A long-term stream water quality monitoring network was established in the city of Atlanta, Georgia during 2003 to assess baseline water quality conditions and the effects of urbanization on stream water quality. Routine hydrologically based manual stream sampling, including several concurrent manual point and equal width increment sampling, was conducted similar to 12 times annually at 21 stations, with drainage areas ranging from 3.7 to 232 km(2). Eleven of the stations are real-time (RT) stations having continuous measures of stream stage/discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature and turbidity, and automatic samplers for stormwater collection. Samples were analyzed for field parameters, and a broad suite of water quality and sediment-related constituents. Field parameters and concentrations of major ions, metals, nutrient species and coliform bacteria among stations were evaluated and with respect to watershed characteristics and plausible sources from 2003 through September 2007. Most constituent concentrations are much higher than nearby reference streams. Concentrations are statistically different among stations for several constituents, despite high variability both within and among stations. Routine manual sampling, automatic sampling during stormflows and RT water quality monitoring provided sufficient information about urban stream water quality variability to evaluate causes of water quality differences among streams. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations of most Samples exceeded Georgia's water quality standard for any water-usage class. High chloride concentrations occur at three stations and are hypothesized to be associated with discharges of chlorinated combined sewer overflows, drainage of swimming pool(s) and dissolution and transport during rainstorms of CaCl(2), a deicing salt applied to roads during winter storms. One stream was affected by dissolution and transport of ammonium alum [NH(4)Al(SO(4))(2)] from an alum-manufacturing plant; streamwater has low pH (<5), low alkalinity and high metals concentrations. Several trace metals exceed acute and chronic water quality standards and high concentrations are attributed to washoff from impervious surfaces. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM nepeters@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 14 U2 113 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 20 BP 2860 EP 2878 DI 10.1002/hyp.7373 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 506LN UT WOS:000270776400002 ER PT J AU Hinkle, SR Kauffman, LJ Thomas, MA Brown, CJ McCarthy, KA Eberts, SM Rosen, MR Katz, BG AF Hinkle, Stephen R. Kauffman, Leon J. Thomas, Mary Ann Brown, Craig J. McCarthy, Kathy A. Eberts, Sandra M. Rosen, Michael R. Katz, Brian G. TI Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability; Particle-tracking; Arsenic; Uranium; Classification tree analysis; Principal components analysis ID IN-GROUND WATER; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; DRINKING-WATER; SEDIMENTS; AQUIFER; TREE; REDUCTION; QUALITY; RELEASE AB Flow-model particle-tracking results and geochemical data from seven study areas across the United States were analyzed using three statistical methods to test the hypothesis that these variables can successfully be used to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium. Principal components analysis indicated that arsenic and uranium concentrations were associated with particle-tracking variables that simulate time of travel and water fluxes through aquifer systems and also through specific redox and pH zones within aquifers. Time-of-travel variables are important because many geochemical reactions are kinetically limited, and geochemical zonation can account for different modes of mobilization and fate. Spearman correlation analysis established statistical significance for correlations of arsenic and uranium concentrations with variables derived using the particle-tracking routines. Correlations between uranium concentrations and particle-tracking variables were generally strongest for variables computed for distinct redox zones. Classification tree analysis on arsenic concentrations yielded a quantitative categorical model using time-of-travel variables and solid-phase-arsenic concentrations. The classification tree model accuracy on the learning data subset was 70%, and on the testing data subset, 79%, demonstrating one application in which particle-tracking variables can be used predictively in a quantitative screening-level assessment of public supply well vulnerability. Ground-water management actions that are based on avoidance of young ground water, reflecting the premise that young ground water is more vulnerable to anthropogenic contaminants than is old ground water, may inadvertently lead to increased vulnerability to natural contaminants due to the tendency for concentrations of many natural contaminants to increase with increasing ground-water residence time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hinkle, Stephen R.; McCarthy, Kathy A.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Kauffman, Leon J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Thomas, Mary Ann; Eberts, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Brown, Craig J.] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Katz, Brian G.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Hinkle, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM srhinkle@usgs.gov; lkauff@usgs.gov; mathomas@usgs.gov; cjbrown@usgs.gov; mccarthy@usgs.gov; smeberts@usgs.gov; mrosen@usgs.gov; bkatz@usgs.gov RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015; OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 FU USGS NAWQA Program FX This work was funded by the USGS NAWQA Program. Sarah J. Ryker and Alan H. Welch contributed to the development of the project design. Jeffrey N. Grossman, Andrew E. Grosz, David B. Smith, Steven M. Smith and V. Cory Stephens provided solid-phase data and guidance. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 376 IS 1-2 BP 132 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 506FK UT WOS:000270759400013 ER PT J AU Webley, P Mastin, L AF Webley, Peter Mastin, Larry TI Improved prediction and tracking of volcanic ash clouds SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanic ash clouds; eruption source parameters; hazard assessment ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; REDOUBT VOLCANO; ERUPTION CLOUD; MODEL; ALASKA; VOLUME; VALIDATION AB During the past 30 years, more than 100 airplanes have inadvertently flown through clouds of volcanic ash from erupting volcanoes. Such encounters have caused millions of dollars in damage to the aircraft and have endangered the lives of tens of thousands of passengers. in a few severe cases, total engine failure resulted when ash was ingested into turbines and coating turbine blades. These incidents have prompted the establishment of cooperative efforts by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the volcanological community to provide rapid notification of eruptive activity, and to monitor and forecast the trajectories of ash clouds so that they can be avoided by air traffic. Ash-cloud properties such as plume height, ash concentration, and three-dimensional ash distribution have been monitored through non-conventional remote sensing techniques that are under active development. Forecasting the trajectories of ash clouds has required the development of volcanic ash transport and dispersion models that can calculate the path of an ash cloud over the scale of a continent or a hemisphere. Volcanological inputs to these models, such as plume height, mass eruption rate, eruption duration, ash distribution with altitude, and grain-size distribution, must be assigned in real time during an event, often with limited observations. Databases and protocols are currently being developed that allow for rapid assignment of such source parameters. In this paper, we summarize how an interdisciplinary working group on eruption source parameters has been instigating research to improve upon the current understanding of volcanic ash cloud characterization and predictions. Improved predictions of ash cloud movement and air fail will aid in making better hazard assessments for aviation and for public health and air quality. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Webley, Peter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARSC, AVO, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mastin, Larry] US Geol Survey, CVO, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Webley, P (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARSC, AVO, 909 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu; lgmastin@usgs.gov RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 NR 85 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.10.022 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 498DN UT WOS:000270117100001 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG Guffanti, M Servranckx, R Webley, P Barsotti, S Dean, K Durant, A Ewert, JW Neri, A Rose, WI Schneider, D Siebert, L Stunder, B Swanson, G Tupper, A Volentik, A Waythomas, CF AF Mastin, L. G. Guffanti, M. Servranckx, R. Webley, P. Barsotti, S. Dean, K. Durant, A. Ewert, J. W. Neri, A. Rose, W. I. Schneider, D. Siebert, L. Stunder, B. Swanson, G. Tupper, A. Volentik, A. Waythomas, C. F. TI A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE volcanic eruption; aircraft; volcanic plumes; ash clouds ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MOUNT ST-HELENS; KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; THERMAL DISEQUILIBRIUM; PARTICLE AGGREGATION; MIYAKEJIMA VOLCANO; PLINIAN ERUPTIONS; COLUMN DYNAMICS; REDOUBT VOLCANO AB During volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDs) are used to forecast the location and movement of ash clouds over hours to days in order to define hazards to aircraft and to communities downwind. Those models use input parameters, called "eruption source parameters", such as plume height H, mass eruption rate M, duration D, and the mass fraction m(63) oferupted debris finer than about 4 phi or 63 mu m, which can remain in the cloud for many hours or days. Observational constraints on the value of such parameters are frequently unavailable in the first minutes or hours after an eruption is detected. Moreover, observed plume height may change during an eruption, requiring rapid assignment of new parameters. This paper reports on a group effort to improve the accuracy of source parameters used by VATDs in the early hours of an eruption. We do so by first compiling a list of eruptions for which these parameters are well constrained. and then using these data to review and update previously studied parameter relationships. We find that the existing scatter in plots of H versus Myields an uncertainty within the 50% confidence interval of plus or minus a factor of four in eruption rate for a given plume height This scatter is not clearly attributable to biases in measurement techniques or to well-recognized processes such as elutriation from pyroclastic flows. Sparse data on total grain-size distribution suggest that the mass fraction of fine debris m(63) could vary by nearly two orders of magnitude between small basaltic eruptions (similar to 0.01) and large silicic ones (>0.5). We classify eleven eruption types; four types each for different sizes of silicic and mafic eruptions; submarine eruptions; "brief' or Vulcanian eruptions; and eruptions that generate co-ignimbrite or co-pyroclastic flow plumes. For each eruption type we assign source parameters. We then assign a characteristic eruption type to each of the world's similar to 1500 Holocene volcanoes. These eruption types and associated parameters can be used for ash-cloud modeling in the event of an eruption, when no observational constraints on these parameters are available. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mastin, L. G.; Ewert, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Guffanti, M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Servranckx, R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Webley, P.; Dean, K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Barsotti, S.; Neri, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Durant, A.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Rose, W. I.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Engn Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Schneider, D.; Waythomas, C. F.] USGS Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Siebert, L.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Stunder, B.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Swanson, G.] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tupper, A.] Bur Meteorol, Casuarina, NT, Australia. [Volentik, A.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov RI Neri, Augusto/A-1623-2009; Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011; Durant, Adam/C-7883-2014; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 OI Neri, Augusto/0000-0002-3536-3624; Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462; Durant, Adam/0000-0002-0198-7332; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; NR 101 TC 201 Z9 204 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.008 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 498DN UT WOS:000270117100002 ER PT J AU Webley, PW Dehn, J Lovick, J Dean, KG Bailey, JE Valcic, L AF Webley, P. W. Dehn, J. Lovick, J. Dean, K. G. Bailey, J. E. Valcic, L. TI Near-real-time volcanic ash cloud detection: Experiences from the Alaska Volcano Observatory SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanic ash; satellite data; remote sensing; operational monitoring ID SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; AUTOMATED DETECTION; 2001 ERUPTION; AVHRR; RETRIEVAL; FAILURES; CLEVELAND; HAZARD; MODEL AB Volcanic eruptions produce ash clouds, which are a major hazard to population centers and the aviation community. Within the North Pacific (NOPAC) region, there have been numerous volcanic ash clouds that have reached aviation routes. Others have closed airports and traveled for thousands of kilometers. Being able to detect these ash clouds and then provide an assessment of their potential movement is essential for hazard assessment and mitigation. Remote sensing satellite data, through the reverse absorption or split window method, is used to detect these volcanic ash clouds, with a negative signal produced from spectrally semi-transparent ash clouds. Single channel satellite is used to detect the early eruption spectrally opaque ash clouds. Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion (VATD) models are used to provide a forecast of the ash clouds' future location. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) remote sensing ash detection system automatically analyzes satellite data of volcanic ash clouds, detecting new ash clouds and also providing alerts, both email and text, to those with AVO. However, there are also non-volcanic related features across the NOPAC region that can produce a negative signal. These can complicate alerts and warning of impending ash clouds. Discussions and examples are shown of these non-volcanic features and some analysis is provided on how these features can be discriminated from volcanic ash clouds. Finally, there is discussion on how information of the ash cloud such as location, particle size and concentrations, could be used as VATD model initialization. These model forecasts could then provide an improved assessment of the clouds' future movement. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Webley, P. W.; Bailey, J. E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, P. W.; Dehn, J.; Lovick, J.; Dean, K. G.; Bailey, J. E.; Valcic, L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU Arctic Region Supercomputing Center FX We would like to thank all those within the Alaska Volcano Observatory's remote sensing group for their time and expertise in monitoring the volcanoes and producing the twice daily reports. Drs Webley and Bailey were funded by the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center as part of their research. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.010 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 498DN UT WOS:000270117100008 ER PT J AU Webley, PW Stunder, BJB Dean, KG AF Webley, P. W. Stunder, B. J. B. Dean, K. G. TI Preliminary sensitivity study of eruption source parameters for operational volcanic ash cloud transport and dispersion models - A case study of the August 1992 eruption of the Crater Peak vent, Mount Spurr, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanic ash; dispersion modeling and eruption source; parameters ID SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; FAILURES; DEPOSITION; RESOLUTION AB Ash clouds are one of the major hazards that result from volcanic eruptions. Once an eruption is reported, volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are used to forecast the location of the ash cloud. These models require source parameters to describe the ash column for initialization. These parameters include: eruption cloud height and vertical distribution, particle size distribution, and start and end time of the eruption. Further, if downwind concentrations are needed, the eruption mass rate and/or volume of ash need to be known. Upon notification of an eruption, few constraints are typically available on many of these source parameters. Recently, scientists have defined classes of eruption types, each with a set of pre-defined eruption source parameters (ESP). We analyze the August 18,1992 eruption of the Crater Peak vent at Mount Spurr, Alaska, which is the example case for the Medium Silicic eruption type. We have evaluated the sensitivity of two of the ESP - the grain size distribution (GSD) and the vertical distribution of ash - on the modeled ash cloud. HYSPUT and Puff VATD models are used to simulate the ash clouds from the different sets of source parameters. We use satellite data, processed through the reverse absorption method, as reference for computing statistics that describe the modeled-to-observed comparison. With the grain size distribution, the three options chosen. (1) an estimated distribution based on past eruption studies, (2) a distribution with finer particles and (3) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration HYSPLIT GSD, have little effect on the modeled ash cloud. For the initial vertical distribution, both linear (uniform concentration throughout the vertical column) and umbrella shapes were chosen. For HYSPLIT, the defined umbrella distribution (no ash below the umbrella), apparently underestimates the lower altitude portions of the ash cloud and as a result has a worse agreement with the satellite detected ash cloud compared to that with the linear vertical distribution for this particular eruption. The Puff model, with a Poisson function to represent the umbrella cloud, gave similar results as for a linear distribution, both having reasonable agreement with the satellite detected cloud. Further sensitivity studies of this eruption, as well as studies using the other source parameters, are needed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 [Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stunder, B. J. B.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Webley, P. W.; Dean, K. G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, 909 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 186 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.012 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 498DN UT WOS:000270117100010 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP Wald, DJ Keranen, K AF Hayes, Gavin P. Wald, David J. Keranen, Katie TI Advancing techniques to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori: Higher-order functional fits SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE subduction zone processes; seismicity and tectonics; earthquake source observations; earthquake dynamics; megathrust earthquakes; fault geometry ID CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; WIDE-ANGLE; COSTA-RICA; CONVERGENT MARGIN; NAZCA PLATE; ARC; ZONE AB Ongoing developments in earthquake source inversions incorporate nonplanar fault geometries as inputs to the inversion process, improving previous approaches that relied solely on planar fault surfaces. This evolution motivates advancing the existing framework for constraining fault geometry, particularly in subduction zones where plate boundary surfaces that host highly hazardous earthquakes are clearly nonplanar. Here, we improve upon the existing framework for the constraint of the seismic rupture plane of subduction interfaces by incorporating active seismic and seafloor sediment thickness data with existing independent data sets and inverting for the most probable nonplanar subduction geometry. Constraining the rupture interface a priori with independent geological and seismological information reduces the uncertainty in the derived earthquake source inversion parameters over models that rely on simpler assumptions, such as the moment tensor inferred fault plane. Examples are shown for a number of well-constrained global locations. We expand the coverage of previous analyses to a more uniform global data set and show that even in areas of sparse data this approach is able to accurately constrain the approximate subduction geometry, particularly when aided with the addition of data from local active seismic surveys. In addition, we show an example of the integration of many two-dimensional profiles into a three-dimensional surface for the Sunda subduction zone and introduce the development of a new global three-dimensional subduction interface model: Slab1.0. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Keranen, Katie] US Geol Survey, Western Earthquake Hazards Team, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov; wald@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 10 AR Q09006 DI 10.1029/2009GC002633 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 499OR UT WOS:000270234300003 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, Tom TI Having a Blast in Kenya SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5948 BP 1623 EP 1623 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 498II UT WOS:000270131800015 PM 19779173 ER PT J AU Murchie, SL Mustard, JF Ehlmann, BL Milliken, RE Bishop, JL McKeown, NK Dobrea, EZN Seelos, FP Buczkowski, DL Wiseman, SM Arvidson, RE Wray, JJ Swayze, G Clark, RN Marais, DJD McEwen, AS Bibring, JP AF Murchie, Scott L. Mustard, John F. Ehlmann, Bethany L. Milliken, Ralph E. Bishop, Janice L. McKeown, Nancy K. Dobrea, Eldar Z. Noe Seelos, Frank P. Buczkowski, Debra L. Wiseman, Sandra M. Arvidson, Raymond E. Wray, James J. Swayze, Gregg Clark, Roger N. Marais, David J. Des McEwen, Alfred S. Bibring, Jean-Pierre TI A synthesis of Martian aqueous mineralogy after 1 Mars year of observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID NORTH POLAR-REGION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; VALLES-MARINERIS; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SILICATE MINERALS; LAYERED DEPOSITS; TERRA-MERIDIANI; WATER ACTIVITY; CANDOR-CHASMA AB Martian aqueous mineral deposits have been examined and characterized using data acquired during Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's (MRO) primary science phase, including Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars hyperspectral images covering the 0.4-3.9 mu m wavelength range, coordinated with higher-spatial resolution HiRISE and Context Imager images. MRO's new high-resolution measurements, combined with earlier data from Thermal Emission Spectrometer; Thermal Emission Imaging System; and Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie on Mars Express, indicate that aqueous minerals are both diverse and widespread on the Martian surface. The aqueous minerals occur in 9-10 classes of deposits characterized by distinct mineral assemblages, morphologies, and geologic settings. Phyllosilicates occur in several settings: in compositionally layered blankets hundreds of meters thick, superposed on eroded Noachian terrains; in lower layers of intracrater depositional fans; in layers with potential chlorides in sediments on intercrater plains; and as thousands of deep exposures in craters and escarpments. Carbonate-bearing rocks form a thin unit surrounding the Isidis basin. Hydrated silica occurs with hydrated sulfates in thin stratified deposits surrounding Valles Marineris. Hydrated sulfates also occur together with crystalline ferric minerals in thick, layered deposits in Terra Meridiani and in Valles Marineris and together with kaolinite in deposits that partially infill some highland craters. In this paper we describe each of the classes of deposits, review hypotheses for their origins, identify new questions posed by existing measurements, and consider their implications for ancient habitable environments. On the basis of current data, two to five classes of Noachian-aged deposits containing phyllosilicates and carbonates may have formed in aqueous environments with pH and water activities suitable for life. C1 [Murchie, Scott L.; Seelos, Frank P.; Buczkowski, Debra L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wiseman, Sandra M.; Arvidson, Raymond E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bibring, Jean-Pierre] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Swayze, Gregg; Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Marais, David J. Des] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Mustard, John F.; Ehlmann, Bethany L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [McKeown, Nancy K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Milliken, Ralph E.; Dobrea, Eldar Z. Noe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Murchie, SL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM scott.murchie@jhuapl.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory [852950] FX The authors thank the CRISM, HiRISE, CTX, and MRO operations team for collecting the data that made the results in this paper possible. This work was supported by MRO funding through subcontract 852950 from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NR 137 TC 205 Z9 207 U1 10 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 22 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E00D06 DI 10.1029/2009JE003342 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 499PM UT WOS:000270236700003 ER PT J AU Personius, SF Crone, AJ Machette, MN Mahan, SA Lidke, DJ AF Personius, Stephen F. Crone, Anthony J. Machette, Michael N. Mahan, Shannon A. Lidke, David J. TI Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HOT-SPRINGS TEPHRA; CURVE SPANNING 0; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; PAIRED TH-230/U-234/U-238; PRISTINE CORALS; NORTHERN NEVADA; LAKE LAHONTAN; GREAT-BASIN; C-14 DATES; COSMIC-RAY AB The 86-km-long Surprise Valley normal fault forms part of the active northwestern margin of the Basin and Range province in northeastern California. We use trench mapping and radiocarbon, luminescence, and tephra dating to estimate displacements and timing of the past five surface-rupturing earthquakes on the central part of the fault near Cedarville. A Bayesian OxCal analysis of timing constraints indicates earthquake times of 18.2 +/- 2.6, 10.9 +/- 3.2, 8.5 +/- 0.5, 5.8 +/- 1.5, and 1.2 +/- 0.1 ka. These data yield recurrence intervals of 7.3 +/- 4.1, 2.5 +/- 3.2, 2.7 +/- 1.6, and 4.5 +/- 1.5 ka and an elapsed time of 1.2 +/- 0.1 ka since the latest surface-rupturing earthquake. Our best estimate of latest Quaternary vertical slip rate is 0.6 +/- 0.1 mm/a. This late Quaternary rate is remarkably similar to long-term (8-14 Ma) minimum vertical slip rates (>0.4-0.5 +/- 0.3 mm/a) calculated from recently acquired seismic reflection and chronologic and structural data in Surprise Valley and the adjacent Warner Mountains. However, our slip rate yields estimates of extension that are lower than recent campaign GPS determinations by factors of 1.5-4 unless the fault has an unusually shallow (30 degrees-35 degrees) dip as suggested by recently acquired seismic reflection data. Coseismic displacements of 2-4.5 +/- 1 m documented in the trench and probable rupture lengths of 53-65 km indicate a history of latest Quaternary earthquakes of M 6.8-7.3 on the central part of the Surprise Valley fault. C1 [Personius, Stephen F.; Crone, Anthony J.; Machette, Michael N.; Mahan, Shannon A.; Lidke, David J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Personius, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM personius@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU USGS FX This research was supported by the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the USGS. The authors wish to thank landowners Denise and Jim Harrower and Bill Duncan for permission to conduct this research on their properties. The report was improved by comments from USGS reviewers Rich Briggs and Jeff Coe, JGR reviewers Mark Hemphill- Haley and Brian Sherrod, and Associate Editor Kelin Wang. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B09405 DI 10.1029/2008JB006164 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 497KN UT WOS:000270058200001 ER PT J AU Holloway, JM Ewing, SA Maher, K AF Holloway, JoAnn M. Ewing, Stephanie A. Maher, Kate TI Combined ecological and geologic perspectives in ecosystem studies Preface SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Holloway, JoAnn M.; Ewing, Stephanie A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Maher, Kate] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM jholloway@usgs.gov; saewing@usgs.gov; kmaher@stanford.edu RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012 OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.001 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 504QC UT WOS:000270631000001 ER PT J AU Chadwick, OA Derry, LA Bern, CR Vitousek, PM AF Chadwick, O. A. Derry, L. A. Bern, C. R. Vitousek, P. M. TI Changing sources of strontium to soils and ecosystems across the Hawaiian Islands SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting CY DEC 13-14, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy DE Dust; Mineral aerosols; Marine aerosols; Tropical soil; Soil development; Basalt weathering ID VOLCANIC SOILS; ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; TROPICAL LANDSCAPE; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS; KOHALA VOLCANO; MONTANE FOREST; MANTLE SOURCE; SR ISOTOPES; PUERTO-RICO AB Strontium isotope ratios assist ecosystem scientists in constraining the sources of alkaline earth elements, but their interpretation can be difficult because of complexities in mineral weathering and in the geographical and environmental controls on elemental additions and losses. Hawaii is a "natural laboratory" where a number of important biogeochemical variables have either limited ranges or vary in systematic ways, providing a unique opportunity to understand the impact of time, climate, and atmospheric inputs on the evolution of base cation sources to ecosystems. There are three major sources of strontium (Sr) to these ecosystems, each with distinct isotopic compositions: basalt lava, Asian dust, and rainfall. We present Sr isotope and concentration data on both bulk soil digests and NH(4)Ac extracts from soil profiles covering a wide range of environments and substrate ages. Bulk soil material from dry climates and/or young substrate ages with >80 mu g g(-1) Sr retain basalt-like Sr isotopic signatures, whereas those with Sr concentrations <80 mu g g(-1) can have isotope signatures that range from basalt-like values to the more radiogenic values associated with continental dust. Although both dust accumulation and lava weathering are time- and rainfall-dependent, the overall concentration of Sr drops with increasing leaching even as quartz and mica derived from continental dust sources increase to >40% by mass. At elevated dust levels, lava-derived Sr is low and dust-derived Sr is the dominant control of (87)Sr/(86)Sr in bulk soils; however, (87)Sr/(86)Sr of NH(4)Ac-extractable Sr largely reflects atmospheric deposition of marine aerosol in these situations. Overall, whole-soil Sr isotope values are controlled by complex interactions between Sr provided by lava weathering but partially lost by leaching, and Sr provided by dust but held in more resistant minerals. The isotopic composition of NH(4)Ac-extractable Sr and of the biota is controlled by lava weathering and rainfall contribution of Sr with only minor contributions from radiogenic dust sources. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chadwick, O. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Derry, L. A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bern, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Vitousek, P. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chadwick, OA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM oac@geog.ucsb.edu; lad@cornell.edu; cbern@usgs.gov; Vitousek@stanford.edu OI Derry, Louis/0000-0001-7062-7333; Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 66 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 1-2 BP 64 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.01.009 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 504QC UT WOS:000270631000007 ER PT J AU Harris, SH Smith, RL AF Harris, Steve H. Smith, Richard L. TI In situ measurements of microbially-catalyzed nitrification and nitrate reduction rates in an ephemeral drainage channel receiving water from coalbed natural gas discharge, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting CY DEC 13-14, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy DE Coal bed natural gas; Powder River Basin; Nitrification; Nitrate reduction; Ammonium; In situ rate ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; NITROGEN LOSS; SEDIMENTS; DENITRIFICATION; NITRITE; OXYGEN AB Nitrification and nitrate reduction were examined in an ephemeral drainage channel receiving discharge from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. CBNG co-produced water typically contains dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), primarily as ammonium. In this study, a substantial portion of discharged ammonium was oxidized within 50 m of downstream transport, but speciation was markedly influenced by diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (>300 mu M). After 300 m of transport, 60% of the initial DIN load had been removed. The effect of benthic nitrogen-cycling processes on stream water chemistry was assessed at 2 locations within the stream channel using acrylic chambers to conduct short-term (2-6 h), in-stream incubations. The highest ambient DIN removal rates (2103 mu mol N m(-2) h(-1)) were found at a location where ammonium concentrations >350 mu M. This occurred during light incubations when oxygen concentrations were highest Nitrification was occurring at the site, however, net accumulation of nitrate and nitrite accounted for <12% of the ammonium consumed, indicating that other ammonium-consuming processes were also occurring. In dark incubations, nitrite and nitrate consumption were dominant processes, while ammonium was produced rather than consumed. At a downstream location nitrification was not a factor and changes in DIN removal rates were controlled by nitrate reduction, diel fluctuations in oxygen concentration, and availability of electron donor. This study indicates that short-term adaptation of stream channel processes can be effective for removing CBNG DIN loads given sufficient travel distances, but the long-term potential for nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen saturation remain to be determined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harris, Steve H.; Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Harris, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM shharris@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.01.028 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 504QC UT WOS:000270631000008 ER PT J AU Holloway, JM Goldhaber, MB Scow, KM Drenovsky, RE AF Holloway, Joann M. Goldhaber, Martin B. Scow, Kate M. Drenovsky, Rebecca E. TI Spatial and seasonal variations in mercury methylation and microbial community structure in a historic mercury mining area, Yolo County, California SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting CY DEC 13-14, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy DE Soil; Wetland; MeHg; Methylation; Phospholipid fatty acid; Mercury ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FATTY-ACID; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; VOLCANIC EMISSIONS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; METHYLMERCURY; BIOMASS; WATER; IRON AB The relationships between soil parent lithology, nutrient concentrations, microbial biomass and community structure were evaluated in soils from a small watershed impacted by historic Hg mining. Upland and wetland Soils, stream sediments and tailings were collected and analyzed for nutrients (DOC, SO(4)(=), NO(3)(-)), Hg, MeHg, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). Stream sediment was derived from serpentinite, siltstone, volcanic rocks and mineralized serpentine with cinnabar, metacinnabar and other Hg phases. Soils from different parent materials had distinct PLFA biomass and community structures that are related to nutrient concentrations and toxicity effects of trace metals including Hg. The formation of MeHg appears to be most strongly linked to soil moisture, which in turn has a correlative relationship with PLFA biomass in wetland soils. The greatest concentrations of MeHg (>0.5 ng g(-1) MeHg) were measured in wetland soils and soil with a volcanic parent (9.5-37 mu g g(-1) Hg). Mercury methylation was associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria, including Desulfobacter sp. and Desulfovibrio sp., although these organisms are not exclusively responsible for Hg methylation. Statistical models of the data demonstrated that soil microbial communities varied more with soil type than with season. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holloway, Joann M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Scow, Kate M.; Drenovsky, Rebecca E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Drenovsky, Rebecca E.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jholloway@usgs.gov; mgold@usgs.gov; kmscow@ucdavis.edu; rdrenovsky@jcu.edu RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012 OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668 NR 69 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.031 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 504QC UT WOS:000270631000009 ER PT J AU Mandernack, KW Mills, CT Johnson, CA Rahn, T Kinney, C AF Mandernack, Kevin W. Mills, Christopher T. Johnson, Craig A. Rahn, Thomas Kinney, Chad TI The delta N-15 and delta O-18 values of N2O produced during the co-oxidation of ammonia by methanotrophic bacteria SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting CY DEC 13-14, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy DE Methanotrophy; Nitrification; Atmospheric nitrous oxide; Oxygen isotopes; Nitrogen isotopes; N2O ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; TROPICAL FOREST SOILS; LANDFILL COVER SOILS; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; METHANE CONSUMPTION; NITRIFIER DENITRIFICATION; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; OXIDIZING BACTERIA AB In order to determine if the delta N-15 and delta O-18 values of N2O produced during co-oxidation of NH4+ by methanotrophic (methane oxidizing) bacteria can be isotopically distinguished from N2O produced either by autotrophic nitrifying or denitrifying bacteria, we conducted laboratory incubation experiments with pure cultures of methanotrophic bacteria that were provided NH4Cl as an oxidation substrate. The N2O produced during NH4+ oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria showed nitrogen isotope fractionation between NH4+ and N2O (epsilon(+)(N2O-NH4)) of -48 and -55 parts per thousand for Methylomonas methanica and Methylosinus trichosporium, OB3b respectively. These large fractionations are similar to those previously measured for autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and consistent with N2O formation by multiple rate limiting steps that include NH4+ oxidation by the methane monooxygenase enzyme and reduction of N2O- to N2O. Consequently, N2O formed by NH4+ oxidation via methanotrophic or autotrophic nitrifying bacteria might generally be characterized by lower delta N-15(N2O) values than that formed by denitrificaiton, although this also depends on the variability of delta N-15 of available nitrogen sources (e.g., NH4+, NO3-, NO2-). Additional incubations with M. trichosporium OB3b at high and low CH4 conditions in waters of different delta O-18 values revealed that 19-27% of the oxygen in N2O Was derived from O-2 with the remainder from water. The biochemical mechanisms that could explain this amount Of O-2 incorporation are discussed. The delta O-18 of N2O formed under high CH4 conditions was similar to + 15 parts per thousand more positive than that formed under lower CH4 Conditions. This enrichment resulted in part from the incorporation of O-2 into N2O that was enriched in O-18 due to an isotope fractionation effect of - 16.1 +/- 2.0 parts per thousand and - 17.5 +/- 5.4 parts per thousand associated with O-2 consumption during the high and low methane concentration incubations, respectively. Therefore, N2O formed by NH4+ oxidation via methanotrophic or autotrophic nitrifying bacteria can have very positive delta O-18(N2O) values if the O-2 incorporated is previously enriched in O-18 from high rates of respiration. Nitrous oxide was collected from various depths in soils overlying a coal-bed methane seep where methanotrophic bacteria are naturally enriched. In one sampling when soil methane concentrations were very high, the delta O-18(VSMOW) values of the N2O were highly enriched (+ 50 parts per thousand), consistent with our laboratory experiments. Thus, soils overlying methane seeps could provide an O-18-enriched source of atmospheric N2O. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mandernack, Kevin W.; Mills, Christopher T.; Kinney, Chad] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mills, Christopher T.; Johnson, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rahn, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kinney, Chad] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO USA. RP Mandernack, KW (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kmandern@mines.edu; cmills@usgs.gov; cjohnso@usgs.gov; trahn@lanl.gov; chad.kinney@colostate-pueblo.edu RI Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012 NR 81 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.06.008 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 504QC UT WOS:000270631000010 ER PT J AU Liu-Zeng, J Zhang, Z Wen, L Tapponnier, P Sun, J Xing, X Hu, G Xu, Q Zeng, L Ding, L Ji, C Hudnut, KW van der Woerd, J AF Liu-Zeng, J. Zhang, Z. Wen, L. Tapponnier, P. Sun, J. Xing, X. Hu, G. Xu, Q. Zeng, L. Ding, L. Ji, C. Hudnut, K. W. van der Woerd, J. TI Co-seismic ruptures of the 12 May 2008, M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan: East-west crustal shortening on oblique, parallel thrusts along the eastern edge of Tibet SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Wenchuan earthquake; Longmen Shan thrust belt; Tibetan plateau; surface rupture; co-seismic slip partitioning; out-of-sequence thrusting earthquake ID INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; LONGMEN SHAN; KOKOXILI-EARTHQUAKE; CHINA; PLATEAU; DEFORMATION; SLIP; GROWTH; MARGIN; UPLIFT AB The M-s 8.0, Wenchuan earthquake, which devastated the mountainous western rim of the Sichuan basin in central China, produced a surface rupture over 200 km-long with oblique thrust/dextral slip and maximum scarp heights of similar to 10 m. It thus ranks as one of the world's largest continental mega-thrust events in the last 150 yrs. Field investigation shows clear surface breaks along two of the main branches of the NE-trending Longmen Shan thrust fault system. The principal rupture, on the NW-dipping Beichuan fault, displays nearly equal amounts of thrust and right-lateral slip. Basin-ward of this rupture, another continuous surface break is observed for over 70 km on the parallel, more shallowly NW-clipping Pengguan fault. Slip on this latter fault was pure thrusting, with a maximum scarp height of similar to 3.5 m. This is one of the very few reported instances of crustal-scale co-seismic slip partitioning on parallel thrusts. This out-of-sequence event, with distributed surface breaks on crustal mega-thrusts, highlights regional, similar to EW-directed, present day crustal shortening oblique to the Longmen Shan margin of Tibet. The long rupture and large offsets with strong horizontal shortening that characterize the Wenchuan earthquake herald a re-evaluation of tectonic models anticipating little or no active shortening of the upper crust along this edge of the plateau, and require a re-assessment of seismic hazard along potentially under-rated active faults across the densely populated western Sichuan basin and mountains. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu-Zeng, J.; Zhang, Z.; Wen, L.; Sun, J.; Xing, X.; Xu, Q.; Ding, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Continental Collis & Plateau Uplift, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Tapponnier, P.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Hu, G.; Zeng, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Ji, C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hudnut, K. W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [van der Woerd, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RP Liu-Zeng, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Continental Collis & Plateau Uplift, 18 Shuang Qing Rd, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM Liu-zeng@itpcas.ac.cn RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Tapponnier, .Paul/B-7033-2011; Liu-Zeng, Jing/F-8582-2011; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Tapponnier, .Paul/0000-0002-7135-1962; Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-134]; National Science Foundation of China [40672141, 40625008]; MOST FX Financial support for this study was provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant no. KZCX2-YW-134), the National Science Foundation of China (40672141,40625008), and the Wenchuan fault drilling project funded by MOST. We thank the earthquake survivors and local residents for describing pre-earthquake landforms and topography - their descriptions were essential for making accurate offset measurements. We thank Alex Densmore, two anonymous reviewers and the editor Robert D. van der Hilst for constructive reviews that lead to improvements of the manuscript, Lucy Jones and Katherine Kendrick for commenting on an earlier version. Thanks are also due to Eric Fielding, Rongjun Zhou, Alex Densmore, Judith Hubbard and Angela Jayko for discussion and exchange of information. NR 98 TC 120 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 286 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.017 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 513XU UT WOS:000271358300002 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Caffee, M Beloso, AD Heraty, LJ Bohlke, JK Hatzinger, PB Jackson, WA Gu, BH Heikoop, JM Dale, M AF Sturchio, Neil C. Caffee, Marc Beloso, Abelardo D., Jr. Heraty, Linnea J. Boehlke, John Karl Hatzinger, Paul B. Jackson, W. Andrew Gu, Baohua Heikoop, Jeffrey M. Dale, Michael TI Chlorine-36 as a Tracer of Perchlorate Origin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ATACAMA DESERT; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; NITRATE DEPOSITS; NORTHERN CHILE; BREAST-MILK; NEW-MEXICO; CHLORINE; GROUNDWATER; FRACTIONATION AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) is ubiquitous in the environment It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO4-, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO4- into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO4- sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of Cl-36 measurements for further improving the discrimination Of ClO4- sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO4- having high Cl-36 abundances (Cl-36/Cl = 3100 x 10(-15) to 28,800 x 10(-15)), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (Cl-36/Cl = 0.9 x 10(-15) to 590 x 10(-15)) and synthetic ClO4- reagents and products (Cl-36/Cl = 0.0 x 10(-15) to 40 x 10(-15)). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, Cl-36 data provide a clear distinction among three principal ClO4- source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S. C1 [Sturchio, Neil C.; Beloso, Abelardo D., Jr.; Heraty, Linnea J.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Caffee, Marc] Purdue Univ, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Boehlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hatzinger, Paul B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Jackson, W. Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Heikoop, Jeffrey M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dale, Michael] New Mexico Environm Dept, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM sturchio@uic.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015; OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967; Heikoop, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7648-3385 FU U.S. Department of Defense [ER-0509]; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Environment Security Technology Certification Program of the U.S. Department of Defense (Project ER-0509), the Environmental Management Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, and the National Research Program in the Water Resources Discipline of the U.S. Geological Survey. The PRIME Lab is supported by the National Science Foundation. We thank Dale Counce, Michael Rearick, George Perkins, Toti Larson, and Armand Groffman for assistance with collection of Water Canyon Gallery and Valle Grande Spring samples, and Michael Hiskey for the reagent sample from Taiwan. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battetle LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 18 BP 6934 EP 6938 DI 10.1021/es9012195 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492KZ UT WOS:000269656200011 PM 19806723 ER PT J AU Lorimer, CG Porter, DJ Madej, MA Stuart, JD Veirs, SD Norman, SP O'Hara, KL Libby, WJ AF Lorimer, Craig G. Porter, Daniel J. Madej, Mary Ann Stuart, John D. Veirs, Stephen D., Jr. Norman, Steven P. O'Hara, Kevin L. Libby, William J. TI Presettlement and modern disturbance regimes in coast redwood forests: Implications for the conservation of old-growth stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Age structure; Fire regimes; Fire suppression; Flooding; Forest succession; Gap dynamics; Sequoia sempervirens; Windstorms ID SEQUOIA-SEMPERVIRENS FOREST; PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE HISTORY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AGE STRUCTURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; NOTHOFAGUS FORESTS AB Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a western North American conifer of ancient lineage, has a paradoxical combination of late-successional characteristics and strong adaptations to disturbance. Despite its shade tolerance and heavy dominance of the canopy on many sites, redwood saplings are uncommon in upland old-growth stands. Information needed to ensure the conservation of old-growth redwood forests has been limited. In this review paper, we integrate evidence on redwood biology with data on the historic and modern disturbance regimes to help clarify the degree to which key attributes of redwood forests may have been dependent upon periodic disturbance. Available evidence suggests that episodes of fire, flooding, and slope failure prior to European settlement were frequent but predominantly of low to moderate severity and extent, resulting in broadly uneven-aged forests. The majority of fires prior to European settlement were apparently of human origin. Frequency and severity of the major disturbance agents have been radically changed in modern times. Fires have been largely excluded, and flooding has been altered in ways that have often been detrimental to old-growth redwoods on alluvial terraces. However, because of the apparent anthropogenic origin of most presettlement fires, the long-term evolutionary role of fire for coast redwood is ecologically ambiguous. With fire exclusion, redwood possibly could be displaced to some extent on upland sites by increasing abundance of fire-sensitive competitors. Alternatively, redwood may be able to maintain dominance by vegetative sprouting and new seedling establishment on root-wad mounds, fallen logs, and on soil exposed by slope failure. Future research priorities are suggested that will help resolve some of the current ambiguities. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorimer, Craig G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Porter, Daniel J.] Save Redwoods League, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Madej, Mary Ann] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Stuart, John D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Watershed Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Norman, Steven P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [O'Hara, Kevin L.; Libby, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lorimer, CG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM clorimer@wisc.edu OI O'Hara, Kevin/0000-0002-3800-9188 FU Save-the-Redwoods League FX The authors thank John O. Sawyer, Peter Brown, and Julia Burton for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Jacob Hanson and Laura Kinsvater assisted in the preparation of some of the figures. This project was initially suggested by Save-the-Redwoods League, which also arranged the authorship team and provided funding. The first author is also grateful to John O. Sawyer for a field research opportunity in the redwoods many years ago as a student. NR 138 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 109 U2 397 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1038 EP 1054 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.008 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300002 ER PT J AU Donner, DM Ribic, CA Probst, JR AF Donner, Deahn M. Ribic, Christine A. Probst, John R. TI Male Kirtland's Warblers' patch-level response to landscape structure during periods of varying population size and habitat amounts SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Kirtlands Warbler; Habitat loss and fragmentation; Landscape structure; Temporal variability; Population dynamics; Landscape ecology; Habitat amount threshold ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; SPECIES RESPONSES; SUITABLE HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION AB Forest planners must evaluate how spatiotemporal changes in habitat amount and configuration across the landscape as a result of timber management will affect species' persistence. However, there are few long-term programs available for evaluation. We investigated the response of male Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) to 26 years of changing patch and landscape structure during a large, 26-year forestry-habitat restoration program within the warbler's primary breeding range. We found that the average density of male Kirtland's Warblers was related to a different combination of patch and landscape attributes depending on the species' regional population level and habitat amounts on the landscape (early succession jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests; 15-42% habitat cover). Specifically, patch age and habitat regeneration type were important at low male population and total habitat amounts, while patch age and distance to an occupied patch were important at relatively high population and habitat amounts. Patch age and size were more important at increasing population levels and an intermediate amount of habitat. The importance of patch age to average male density during all periods reflects the temporal buildup and decline of male numbers as habitat suitability within the patch changed with succession. Habitat selection (i.e., preference for wildfire-regenerated habitat) and availability may explain the importance of habitat type and patch size during lower population and habitat levels. The relationship between male density and distance when there was the most habitat on the landscape and the male population was large and still increasing may be explained by the widening spatial dispersion of the increasing male population at the regional scale. Because creating or preserving habitat is not a random process, management efforts would benefit from more investigations of managed population responses to changes in spatial structure that occur through habitat gain rather than habitat loss to further our empirical understanding of general principles of the fragmentation process and habitat cover threshold effects within dynamic landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Donner, Deahn M.; Probst, John R.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Donner, DM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA. EM ddonnerwright@fs.fed.us FU Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This study was supported by the Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies, U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank Eric Gustafson, Dan Kashian, Rolff Koford, Anna Pidgeon, Jerry Weinrich, and two anonymous reviewers for reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript. We are also indebted to Elaine Carlson and Keith Kintigh with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and Phil Huber with the Huron-Manistee National Forest for their guidance and assistance with historical data. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1093 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.029 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300008 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Eby, LA Guscio, CG Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Eby, Lisa A. Guscio, C. Gregory Corn, Paul Stephen TI Thermal characteristics of amphibian microhabitats in a fire-disturbed landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Biophysical ecology; Bufo boreas; Conservation; Fire; Forest management; Microclimate; Physiology; Telemetry; Thermal ecology ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; BODY-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; RAIN-FORESTS; BUFO-BOREAS; ENVIRONMENT; HABITAT; TOADS; PHYSIOLOGY; ABUNDANCE AB Disturbance has long been a central issue in amphibian conservation, often regarding negative effects of logging or other forest management activities, but some amphibians seem to prefer disturbed habitats. After documenting increased use of recently burned forests by boreal toads (Bufo boreas), we hypothesized that burned habitats provided improved thermal opportunities in terrestrial habitats. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a radio telemetry study of habitat use (reported previously) and by using physical models that simulated the temperature of adult toads. We deployed 108 physical models in and adjacent to a 1-year old burn using a fully-replicated design with three burn severities (unburned, partial, high severity) and four microhabitats (open surface, under vegetation, under log, in burrow). Model temperatures were compared to a range of preferred temperatures in published studies. We found 70% more observations within the preferred temperature range of B. boreas in forests burned with high severity than in unburned areas. Burned forest was warmer than unburned forest across all microhabitats, but the largest relative difference was in burrows, which averaged 3 C warmer in high-severity burn areas and remained warmer though the night. More than twice as many observations were within the preferred temperature range in high-severity burrows than in unburned burrows. Areas burned with high severity were still warmer than unburned forest 3 years after the fire. Habitat use of toads during the concurrent radio telemetry study matched that predicted by the physical models. These results suggest there are fitness-linked benefits to toads using burned habitats, such as increased growth, fertility, and possibly disease resistance. However, increased soil temperatures that result from wildfire may be detrimental to other amphibian species that prefer cooler temperatures and stable environments. More broadly, our data illustrate the use of physical models to measure and interpret changes that amphibians may experience from disturbance, and highlight the need for research linking vital rates such as growth and survival to disturbance. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.; Guscio, C. Gregory] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Eby, Lisa A.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI); University of Montana Fire Center FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) and the University of Montana Fire Center. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government. We thank the staff of Glacier National Park for their continued assistance, and P. Bartelt for lending models and advice. R. King provided advice on the analysis. Comments by P. Bartelt, E. Muths, the Lowe Lab, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1414 EP 1421 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.043 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300046 ER PT J AU Newell, P King, S Kaller, M AF Newell, Patti King, Sammy Kaller, Michael TI Foraging behavior of pileated woodpeckers in partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dryocopus pileatus; Foraging; Louisiana; Partial cutting; Pileated woodpecker ID SAPROXYLIC BEETLES COLEOPTERA; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; COASTAL FORESTS; ROOST TREES; SELECTION; PATTERNS; NEST; WASHINGTON; POPULUS; ECOLOGY AB In bottomland hardwood forests, partial cutting techniques are increasingly advocated and used to create habitat for priority wildlife like Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and Neotropical migrants. Although partial cutting may be beneficial to some species, those that use dead wood may be negatively affected since large diameter and poor quality trees (deformed, moribund, or dead) are rare, but normally targeted for removal. On the other hand, partial cutting can create dead wood if logging slash is left on-site. We studied foraging behavior of pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) in one- and two-year-old partial cuts designed to benefit priority species and in uncut forest during winter, spring, and summer of 2006 and 2007 in Louisiana. Males and females did not differ in their use of tree species, dbh class, decay class, foraging height, use of foraging tactics or substrate types; however, males foraged on larger substrates than females. In both partial cut and uncut forest, standing live trees were most frequently used (83% compared to 14% for standing dead trees and 3% for coarse woody debris); however, dead trees were selected (i.e. used out of proportion to availability). Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata) and bitter pecan (Carya aquatica) were also selected and sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) avoided. Pileated woodpeckers selected trees >= 50 cm dbh and avoided trees in smaller dbh classes (10-20 cm). Density of selected foraging substrates was the same in partial cut and uncut forest. Of the foraging substrates, woodpeckers spent 54% of foraging time on live branches and boles, 37% on dead branches and boles, and 9% on vines. Of the foraging tactics, the highest proportion of foraging time was spent excavating (58%), followed by pecking (14%), gleaning (14%), scaling (7%), berry-eating (4%), and probing (3%). Woodpecker use of foraging tactics and substrates, and foraging height and substrate diameter did not differ between recent partial cut and uncut forest. Partial cutting designed to improve or maintain habitat for priority wildlife did not affect pileated woodpecker foraging behavior or availability of selected trees compared to uncut forest in the short term. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Newell, Patti] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 227, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124,AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Kaller, Michael] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Newell, P (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 227, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM pattijean.newell@gmail.com FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Arkansas; Natural Heritage Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit FX Dr. C. Carlton, Dr. P. Stouffer, and Dr. J. Wang provided advice in all stages of this project. M. Lammertink and D. Kremitz reviewed drafts of the manuscript. This project could not have been completed without the invaluable field assistance, expertise, and creativity of N. Banfield. Other field assistants included E. Banfield, W. DeGraveilles, A. Magro, and J. Yurich. Funding was provided by Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit. E. Baka, E. Bull, C. Raley, and R. Renken provided methodology for transmitter application, nest searching, and capture strategies. Scientists at the Wetland Center in Lafayette; B. Keeland, P. Chadwick, and L. Allain, provided tree climbing advice and banding permits. The use of trade, product, or industry firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1456 EP 1464 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.053 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300052 ER PT J AU Aubin-Horth, N Letcher, BH Hofmann, HA AF Aubin-Horth, Nadia Letcher, Benjamin H. Hofmann, Hans A. TI Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Life history; Alternative reproductive tactics; Migration; Microarrays; Gene expression; Gene-expression signature; Ecological genomics; Module ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; THYROID-HORMONES; NITRIC-OXIDE; BODY-SIZE; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; HISTORY VARIATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT AB How genomic expression differs as a function of life history variation is largely unknown. Atlantic salmon exhibits extreme alternative life histories. We defined the gene-expression signatures of wild-caught salmon at two different life stages by comparing the brain expression profiles of mature sneaker males and immature males, and early migrants and late migrants. In addition to life-stage-specific signatures, we discovered a surprisingly large gene set that was differentially regulated-at similar magnitudes, yet in opposite direction-in both life history transitions. We suggest that this co-variation is not a consequence of many independent cellular and molecular switches in the same direction but rather represents the molecular equivalent of a physiological shift orchestrated by one or very few master regulators. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Aubin-Horth, Nadia] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Hofmann, Hans A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Neurosci, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Aubin-Horth, N (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, 90 Vincent Dindy, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM n.aubin-horth@umontreal.ca; hans@mail.utexas.edu RI Aubin-Horth, Nadia/F-3857-2011; OI Aubin-Horth, Nadia/0000-0002-9030-634X; Hofmann, Hans/0000-0002-3335-330X FU FQRNT; NSERC; Atlantic Salmon Federation; US Forest Service, Northern Research Station; Bauer Center for Genomics Research; National Institutes of Health [GM068763]; Institute for Molecular & Cellular Biology at UT Austin FX Thanks to Keith Nislow, Kitty Griswold, Todd Dubreuil, Matthew O'Donnell and Sarah Annis for help with sampling in the field and Yehoda Martei for technical assistance in the laboratory. Christian Landry helped with bioinformatics and with the gene annotation by merging data from GRASP and DFCI databases. Lin Huffman, Christian Landry, Dagan Lavee and Susan Renn provided helpful comments on previous versions of this article. Funding was provided by FQRNT (Post-doctoral fellowship), NSERC (Post-doctoral fellowship and Discovery grant) and an Olin fellowship from the Atlantic Salmon Federation (N.A.H.), the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station (B.H.L.) and the Bauer Center for Genomics Research, National Institutes of Health grant NIGMS GM068763 and the Institute for Molecular & Cellular Biology at UT Austin (H.A.H.). NR 72 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 3 BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 473NF UT WOS:000268213000006 PM 19401203 ER PT J AU Shang, LB Chou, IM Lu, WJ Burruss, RC Zhang, YX AF Shang, Linbo Chou, I-Ming Lu, Wanjun Burruss, Robert C. Zhang, Youxue TI Determination of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in fused silica between 296 and 523 K by Raman spectroscopy and application of fused silica capillaries in studying redox reactions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS; FLUID INCLUSIONS; VITREOUS SILICA; HIGH-PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; ORIGIN; SOLUBILITY; QUARTZ; GASES AB Diffusion coefficients (D) of hydrogen in fused silica capillaries (FSC) were determined between 296 and 523 K by Raman spectroscopy using CO(2) as an internal standard. FSC capsules (3.25 x 10(-4) m OD, 9.9 x 10(-5) M ID, and similar to 0.01 m long) containing CO(2) and H(2) Were prepared and the initial relative concentrations of hydrogen in these capsules were derived from the Raman peak-height ratios between H2 (near 587 cm(-1)) and CO(2) (near 1387 cm(-1)). The sample capsules were then heated at a fixed temperature (T) at one atmosphere to let H(2) diffuse out of the capsule, and the changes of hydrogen concentration were monitored by Raman spectroscopy after quench. This process was repeated using different heating durations at 296 (room T), 323, 375, 430, 473, and 523 K; the same sample capsule was used repeatedly at each temperature. The values of D (in m(2) s(-1)) in FSC were obtained by fitting the observed changes of hydrogen concentration in the FSC capsule to an equation based on Fick's law. Our D values are in good agreement with the more recent of the two previously reported experimental data sets, and both can be represented by: In D = -(16.471 +/- 0.035) - 44589 +/- 139/RT (R(2) = 0.99991) where R is the gas constant (8.3145 J/mol K), Tin Kelvin, and errors at 1 sigma level. The slope corresponds to an activation energy of 44.59 +/- 0.14 kJ/mol. The D in FSC determined at 296 K is about an order of magnitude higher than that in platinum at 723 K, indicating that FSC is a suitable membrane for hydrogen at temperature between 673 K and room temperature, and has a great potential for studying redox reactions at these temperatures, especially for systems containing organic material and/or sulphur. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shang, Linbo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lu, Wanjun] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Zhang, Youxue] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Shang, LB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. EM sss_2000@sina.com RI Zhang, Youxue/D-2922-2011; Lu, Wanjun/H-4962-2014 OI Lu, Wanjun/0000-0003-4334-5722 FU Energy and Mineral Programs of US Geological Survey; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411404]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40873051] FX We thank Robert Seal, Harvey Belkin, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews and also acknowledge the support of Energy and Mineral Programs of US Geological Survey. L.B. Shang thanks the support of National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411404) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40873051). The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 18 BP 5435 EP 5443 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.06.001 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 489EB UT WOS:000269401600015 ER PT J AU Shelly, DR AF Shelly, David R. TI Possible deep fault slip preceding the 2004 Parkfield earthquake, inferred from detailed observations of tectonic tremor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; CALIFORNIA; PREDICTION; HAZARD AB Earthquake predictability depends, in part, on the degree to which sudden slip is preceded by slow aseismic slip. Recently, observations of deep tremor have enabled inferences of deep slow slip even when detection by other means is not possible, but these data are limited to certain areas and mostly the last decade. The region near Parkfield, California, provides a unique convergence of several years of high-quality tremor data bracketing a moderate earthquake, the 2004 magnitude 6.0 event. Here, I present detailed observations of tectonic tremor from mid-2001 through 2008 that indicate deep fault slip both before and after the Parkfield earthquake that cannot be detected with surface geodetic instruments. While there is no obvious short-term precursor, I find unidirectional tremor migration accompanied by elevated tremor rates in the 3 months prior to the earthquake, which suggests accelerated creep on the fault similar to 16 km beneath the eventual earthquake hypocenter. Citation: Shelly, D. R. (2009), Possible deep fault slip preceding the 2004 Parkfield earthquake, inferred from detailed observations of tectonic tremor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17318, doi:10.1029/2009GL039589. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dshelly@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L17318 DI 10.1029/2009GL039589 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 497JD UT WOS:000270054400004 ER PT J AU Faichney, IDE Webster, JM Clague, DA Kelley, C Appelgate, B Moore, JG AF Faichney, Iain D. E. Webster, Jody M. Clague, David A. Kelley, Chris Appelgate, Bruce Moore, James G. TI The morphology and distribution of submerged reefs in the Maui-Nui Complex, Hawaii: New insights into their evolution since the Early Pleistocene SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE platform morphology; Maui-Nui; carbonate terraces; bathymetry; Pleistocene sea-level change ID SUBSIDENCE; AGES; TECTONICS; ISLANDS; RIDGE AB Reef drowning and backstepping have long been recognised as reef responses to sea-level rise on subsiding margins. During the Late Pleistocene (similar to 500-14 ka) Hawaiian reefs grew in response to rapid subsidence and 120 m 100 kyr sea-level cycles, with recent work on the submerged drowned reefs around the big island of Hawaii, and in other locations from the last deglacial, providing insight into reef development under these conditions. In contrast, reefs of the Early Pleistocene (similar to 1.8-0.8 Ma) remain largely unexplored despite developing in response to significantly different 60-70 m 41 kyr sea-level cycles. The Maui-Nui Complex (MNC - forming the islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai and Kahoolawe), provides a natural laboratory to study reef evolution throughout this time period as recent data indicate the reefs grew from 1.1 to 0.5 Ma. We use new high resolution bathymetric and backscatter data as well as sub-bottom profiling seismic data and field observations from ROV and submersible dives to make a detailed analysis of reef morphology and structure around the MNC. We focus specifically on the south-central region of the complex that provides the best reef exposure and find that the morphology of the reefs varies both regionally and temporally within this region. Barrier and pinnacle features dominate the steeper margins in the north of the study area whilst broad backstepping of the reefs is observed in the south. Within the Au'au channel in the central region between the islands, closely spaced reef and karst morphology indicates repeated subaerial exposure. We propose that this variation in the morphology and structure of the reefs within the MNC has been controlled by three main factors: the subsidence rate of the complex, the amplitude and period of eustatic sea-level cycles, and the slope and continuity of the basement substrate. We provide a model of reef development within the MNC over the last 1.2 Ma highlighting the effect that the interaction of these factors had on reef morphology. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Faichney, Iain D. E.; Webster, Jody M.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Webster, Jody M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Kelley, Chris] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Appelgate, Bruce] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Moore, James G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Faichney, IDE (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM iain.faichney@jcu.edu.au; jody.webster@usyd.edu.au; clague@mbari.org; ckelley@hawaii.edu; tba@ucsd.edu; jmoore@usgs.gov FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NSF [OCE-00-02470] FX Bathymetry data used in this study were collected by MBARI, UH, JAMSTEC, NOAA, USGS, SIO, WHOI and coastal LIDAR data were collected by the USACE. Pisces submersible dives were conducted by HURL, UH under a grant from NOAA, and Tiburon ROV dives were conducted by MBARI with support from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation through a grant to MBARL Subsequent processing and laboratory study by IDEF was supported both by an internship at MBARI, and an APA at James Cook University (JCU). We thank jenny Paduan and David Caress from MBARI for their help with the bathymetric data. We thank Barbara Block and Rob Dunbar, the chief scientists during the collection of the Chirp data. We also thank Gabi Laske for making dredge time available during the TUIM cruise to deploy seismometers for the PLUME experiment, which was funded under NSF grant OCE-00-02470. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 265 IS 3-4 BP 130 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.07.002 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 500UN UT WOS:000270331100004 ER PT J AU Beisner, K Naftz, DL Johnson, WP Diaz, X AF Beisner, Kimberly Naftz, David L. Johnson, William P. Diaz, Ximena TI Selenium and trace element mobility affected by periodic displacement of stratification in the Great Salt Lake, Utah SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Great Salt Lake; Hypersaline; Seiche; Brine layer; Anoxic ID OXIDATION; WATERS; PH AB The Great Salt Lake (GSL) is a unique ecosystem in which trace element activity cannot be characterized by standard geochemical parameters due to the high salinity. Movement of selenium and other trace elements present in the lake bed sediments of GSL may occur due to periodic stratification displacement events or lake bed exposure. The water column of GSL is complicated by the presence of a chemocline persistent over annual to decadal time scales. The water below the chemocline is referred to as the deep brine layer (DBL), has a high salinity (16.5 to 22.9%) and is anoxic. The upper brine layer (UBL) resides above the chemocline, has lower salinity (12.6 to 14.7%) and is oxic. Displacement of the DBL may involve trace element movement within the water column due to changes in redox potential. Evidence of stratification displacement in the water column has been observed at two fixed stations on the lake by monitoring vertical water temperature profiles with horizontal and vertical velocity profiles. Stratification displacement events occur over periods of 12 to 24 It and are associated with strong wind events that can produce seiches within the water column. In addition to displacement events, the DBL shrinks and expands in response to changes in the lake surface area over a period of months. Laboratory tests simulating the observed sediment re-suspension were conducted over daily. weekly and monthly time scales to understand the effect of placing anoxic bottom sediments in contact with oxic water, and the associated effect of trace element desorption and (or) dissolution. Results from the laboratory simulations indicate that a small percentage (1%) of selenium associated with anoxic bottom sediments is periodically solubilized into the UBL where it potentially can be incorporated into the biota utilizing the oxic part of GSL Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Beisner, Kimberly] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Johnson, William P.; Diaz, Ximena] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Beisner, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kbeisner@usgs.gov RI Johnson, William/G-7733-2011; Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; OI Beisner, Kimberly/0000-0002-2077-6899 FU State of Utah Division of Water Quality; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the State of Utah Division of Water Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of brand names within this text is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the University of Utah or U.S. Geological Survey. The manuscript was improved from technical reviews by Reed Green and Lawrence Spangler (USGS) and two anonymous journal NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 19 BP 5263 EP 5273 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 491JY UT WOS:000269576100010 PM 19596137 ER PT J AU Post, E Forchhammer, MC Bret-Harte, MS Callaghan, TV Christensen, TR Elberling, B Fox, AD Gilg, O Hik, DS Hoye, TT Ims, RA Jeppesen, E Klein, DR Madsen, J McGuire, AD Rysgaard, S Schindler, DE Stirling, I Tamstorf, MP Tyler, NJC van der Wal, R Welker, J Wookey, PA Schmidt, NM Aastrup, P AF Post, Eric Forchhammer, Mads C. Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Callaghan, Terry V. Christensen, Torben R. Elberling, Bo Fox, Anthony D. Gilg, Olivier Hik, David S. Hoye, Toke T. Ims, Rolf A. Jeppesen, Erik Klein, David R. Madsen, Jesper McGuire, A. David Rysgaard, Soren Schindler, Daniel E. Stirling, Ian Tamstorf, Mikkel P. Tyler, Nicholas J. C. van der Wal, Rene Welker, Jeffrey Wookey, Philip A. Schmidt, Niels Martin Aastrup, Peter TI Ecological Dynamics Across the Arctic Associated with Recent Climate Change SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES; NORTHEAST GREENLAND; TUNDRA; CARBON; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; FEEDBACKS; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURES AB At the close of the Fourth International Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological consequences of recent climate change in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population, community, and ecosystem scales. Despite the buffering effect of landscape heterogeneity, Arctic ecosystems and the trophic relationships that structure them have been severely perturbed. These rapid changes may be a bellwether of changes to come at lower latitudes and have the potential to affect ecosystem services related to natural resources, food production, climate regulation, and cultural integrity. We highlight areas of ecological research that deserve priority as the Arctic continues to warm. C1 [Post, Eric] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Post, Eric; Forchhammer, Mads C.; Madsen, Jesper; Tamstorf, Mikkel P.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Aastrup, Peter] Aarhus Univ, NERI, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Klein, David R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Callaghan, Terry V.] Abisko Sci Res Stn, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden. [Callaghan, Terry V.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Christensen, Torben R.] Lund Univ, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geog & Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Elberling, Bo] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. [Fox, Anthony D.; Hoye, Toke T.] Aarhus Univ, NERI, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Biodivers, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark. [Gilg, Olivier] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Gilg, Olivier] Arctic Ecol Res Grp GREA, FR-21440 Francheville, France. [Hik, David S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Ims, Rolf A.] Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Jeppesen, Erik] Aarhus Univ, NERI, Dept Freshwater Ecol, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish andWildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rysgaard, Soren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Tyler, Nicholas J. C.] Univ Tromso, Ctr Saami Studies, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [van der Wal, Rene] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen Ctr Environm Sustainabil, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Welker, Jeffrey] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Wookey, Philip A.] Univ Stirling, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Post, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, 208 Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM esp10@psu.edu RI GILG, Olivier/C-2588-2008; Tamstorf, Mikkel/I-7101-2013; Hik, David/B-3462-2009; van der Wal, Rene/F-3177-2010; Hoye, Toke T./A-7701-2008; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014; Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; Forchhammer, Mads/I-7474-2013; Fox, Anthony/I-7465-2013; Madsen, Jesper/J-7853-2013; Jeppesen, Erik/A-4463-2012; Rysgaard, Soren/K-6689-2013 OI GILG, Olivier/0000-0002-9083-4492; Rysgaard, Soren/0000-0003-1726-2958; Tamstorf, Mikkel/0000-0002-2811-331X; Hik, David/0000-0002-8994-9305; Hoye, Toke T./0000-0001-5387-3284; Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Madsen, Jesper/0000-0003-3246-0215; Jeppesen, Erik/0000-0002-0542-369X; FU The Danish Polar Center; U. S. National Science Foundation FX We thank M. E. Mann, M. O. Recowbell, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and Aarhus University, The Danish Polar Center, and the U. S. National Science Foundation for financial support. NR 60 TC 420 Z9 437 U1 50 U2 577 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 11 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5946 BP 1355 EP 1358 DI 10.1126/science.1173113 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 492YO UT WOS:000269699100027 PM 19745143 ER PT J AU Griffith, CA Penteado, P Rodriguez, S Le Mouelic, S Baines, KH Buratti, B Clark, R Nicholson, P Jaumann, R Sotin, C AF Griffith, Caitlin A. Penteado, Paulo Rodriguez, Sebastien Le Mouelic, Stephane Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie Clark, Roger Nicholson, Phil Jaumann, Ralf Sotin, Christophe TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOUDS IN TITAN'S TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE convection; methods: analytical; planets and satellites: individual (Titan); radiative transfer ID TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; SOUTH-POLE; SURFACE; CIRCULATION; DESCENT; STORMS; HAZE; RAIN AB Images of Titan's clouds, possible over the past 10 years, indicate primarily discrete convective methane clouds near the south and north poles and an immense stratiform cloud, likely composed of ethane, around the north pole. Here we present spectral images from Cassini's Visual Mapping Infrared Spectrometer that reveal the increasing presence of clouds in Titan's tropical atmosphere. Radiative transfer analyses indicate similarities between summer polar and tropical methane clouds. Like their southern counterparts, tropical clouds consist of particles exceeding 5 mu m. They display discrete structures suggestive of convective cumuli. They prevail at a specific latitude band between 8 degrees-20 degrees S, indicative of a circulation origin and the beginning of a circulation turnover. Yet, unlike the high latitude clouds that often reach 45 km altitude, these discrete tropical clouds, so far, remain capped to altitudes below 26 km. Such low convective clouds are consistent with the highly stable atmospheric conditions measured at the Huygens landing site. Their characteristics suggest that Titan's tropical atmosphere has a dry climate unlike the south polar atmosphere, and despite the numerous washes that carve the tropical landscape. C1 [Griffith, Caitlin A.; Penteado, Paulo] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab AIM, CEA Saclay,DSM,IRFU,SAp, F-75221 Paris 05, France. [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR 6112, F-44000 Nantes, France. [Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie; Sotin, Christophe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Phil] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Griffith, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Penteado, Paulo/F-9081-2012; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Penteado, Paulo/0000-0001-6759-2037; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 FU NASA's Cassini Program; Brazilian Governments CAPES scholarship FX C.A.G.'s research is funded by NASA's Cassini Program. P.P.'s work is supported by the Brazilian Governments CAPES scholarship and NASA's Cassini Program. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2009 VL 702 IS 2 BP L105 EP L109 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/L105 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487BN UT WOS:000269245500002 ER PT J AU Hyslop, NL Cooper, RJ Meyers, JM AF Hyslop, Natalie L. Cooper, Robert J. Meyers, J. Michael TI Seasonal Shifts in Shelter and Microhabitat Use of Drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) in Georgia SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID HOPLOCEPHALUS-BUNGAROIDES; HABITAT SELECTION; GOPHER TORTOISE; ECOLOGY; POPULATIONS; REGRESSION; SERPENTES; LANDS AB Drymorchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake), a threatened species of the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States, has experienced population declines because of extensive habitat loss and degradation across its range. In Georgia and northern Florida, the species Is associated with longleaf pine habitats that support Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise) populations, the burrows of which D. couperi uses for shelter. The extent that D. couperi uses these burrows, In addition to the use of other underground shelters and the microhabitat features associated with these structures is largely unknown. From 2003 through 2004, we conducted a radiotelemetry study of D. couperi (n = 32) to examine use of shelters and microhabitat In Georgia. We used repeated measures regression on a candidate set of models created from a priori hypotheses using principal component scores, derived from analysis of microhabitat data to examine microhabitat use at underground shelters. Proportion of locations recorded underground did not differ seasonally or between sexes. In winter, we recorded >0.90 of underground locations at tortoise burrows. Use of these burrows was less pronounced In spring for males. Females used abandoned tortoise burrows more frequently than males year-round and used them on approximately 0.60 of their underground locations during spring. Microhabitat use at underground shelters was most Influenced by season compared to sex, site, or body size. Females In spring and summer used more open microhabitat compared to males, potentially in response to gestation. Our results suggest that the availability of suitable underground shelters, especially G. polyphemus burrows, may be a limiting factor In the northern range of D. couperi, with important Implications for its conservation. C1 [Meyers, J. Michael] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hyslop, NL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hyslopn@warnell.uga.edu FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; IACUC [A2002-10111-0] FX The Georgia Department of Natural Resources Nongame Conservation Section and USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center provided funding for this project. We thank wildlife biologists and land managers of Fort Stewart for their considerable assistance, especially D. Stevenson, T. Beaty, L. Carlile, and J. Caligiure. We gratefully acknowledge J. Jensen and M. Harris for support of this project. T. Norton, The Wildlife Conservation Society, and Saint Catherines Island Foundation provided invaluable assistance with implantation procedures and snake care. We also thank J. Gibbons, C. Moore, R. Mordecai, A. Nowakowski, and C. Otto. The IACUC (A2002-10111-0) and Patuxent Animal Care and Use Committee approved the capture and handling of D. couperi in this study. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 3 PY 2009 IS 3 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1643/CH-07-171 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 494AT UT WOS:000269782200005 ER PT J AU Bulut, F Bohnhoff, M Ellsworth, WL Aktar, M Dresen, G AF Bulut, Fatih Bohnhoff, Marco Ellsworth, William L. Aktar, Mustafa Dresen, Georg TI Microseismicity at the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara offshore Istanbul, NW Turkey SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 1999 IZMIT EARTHQUAKE; MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION; ACTIVE TECTONICS; SEISMIC HAZARD; PULL-APART; AUGUST 17; CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE; MODELS; ARRAY AB The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) below the Sea of Marmara forms a "seismic gap'' where a major earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. This segment of the fault lies between the 1912 Ganos and 1999 Izmit ruptures and is the only NAFZ segment that has not ruptured since 1766. To monitor the microseismic activity at the main fault branch offshore of Istanbul below the C1arc1k Basin, a permanent seismic array (PIRES) was installed on the two outermost Prince Islands, Yassiada and Sivriada, at a few kilometers distance to the fault. In addition, a temporary network of ocean bottom seismometers was deployed throughout the C1narc1k Basin. Slowness vectors are determined combining waveform cross correlation and P wave polarization. We jointly invert azimuth and traveltime observations for hypocenter determination and apply a bootstrap resampling technique to quantify the location precision. We observe seismicity rates of 20 events per month for M < 2.5 along the basin. The spatial distribution of hypocenters suggests that the two major fault branches bounding the depocenter below the C1narc1k Basin merge to one single master fault below similar to 17 km depth. On the basis of a cross-correlation technique we group closely spaced earthquakes and determine composite focal mechanisms implementing recordings of surrounding permanent land stations. Fault plane solutions have a predominant right-lateral strike-slip mechanism, indicating that normal faulting along this part of the NAFZ plays a minor role. Toward the west we observe increasing components of thrust faulting. This supports the model of NW trending, dextral strike-slip motion along the northern and main branch of the NAFZ below the eastern Sea of Marmara. C1 [Bulut, Fatih; Bohnhoff, Marco] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Sect 3 2, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Aktar, Mustafa] Bogazici Univ, Kandilli Observ & Earthquake Res Inst, TR-34680 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Bulut, F (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Sect 3 2, Telegrafenberg D424, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM bulut@gfz-potsdam.de; bohnhoff@gfz-potsdam.de; ellsworth@usgs.gov; aktar@boun.edu.tr; georg.dresen@gfz-potsdam.de RI Bulut, Fatih/A-5821-2015; Bohnhoff, Marco/B-4354-2017 OI Bulut, Fatih/0000-0001-8108-8881; Bohnhoff, Marco/0000-0001-7383-635X NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 3 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B09302 DI 10.1029/2008JB006244 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 492FR UT WOS:000269640800002 ER PT J AU Park, J Morgan, JK Zelt, CA Okubo, PG AF Park, Jaewoo Morgan, Julia K. Zelt, Colin A. Okubo, Paul G. TI Volcano-tectonic implications of 3-D velocity structures derived from joint active and passive source tomography of the island of Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MAUNA-LOA-VOLCANO; MOBILE SOUTH FLANK; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; RIFT-ZONE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SEISMIC DETECTION; BENEATH; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; RIDGE AB We present a velocity model of the onshore and offshore regions around the southern part of the island of Hawaii, including southern Mauna Kea, southeastern Hualalai, and the active volcanoes of Mauna Loa, and Kilauea, and Loihi seamount. The velocity model was inverted from about 200,000 first-arrival traveltime picks of earthquakes and air gun shots recorded at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Reconstructed volcanic structures of the island provide us with an improved understanding of the volcano-tectonic evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes and their interactions. The summits and upper rift zones of the active volcanoes are characterized by high-velocity materials, correlated with intrusive magma cumulates. These high-velocity materials often do not extend the full lengths of the rift zones, suggesting that rift zone intrusions may be spatially limited. Seismicity tends to be localized seaward of the most active intrusive bodies. Low-velocity materials beneath parts of the active rift zones of Kilauea and Mauna Loa suggest discontinuous rift zone intrusives, possibly due to the presence of a preexisting volcanic edifice, e. g., along Mauna Loa beneath Kilauea's southwest rift zone, or alternatively, removal of high-velocity materials by large-scale landsliding, e. g., along Mauna Loa's western flank. Both locations also show increased seismicity that may result from edifice interactions or reactivation of buried faults. New high-velocity regions are recognized and suggest the presence of buried, and in some cases, previously unknown rift zones, within the northwest flank of Mauna Loa, and the south flanks of Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Mauna Kea. C1 [Park, Jaewoo; Morgan, Julia K.; Zelt, Colin A.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Okubo, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), ION GXT, Houston, TX USA. EM samabar@gmail.com; morganj@rice.edu; czelt@rice.edu; pokubo@usgs.gov RI Zelt, Colin/A-2555-2011; Morgan, Julia/C-7107-2013 OI Zelt, Colin/0000-0002-4686-9460; FU NSF [OCE 0221951, 0551750] FX We thank L. Peters and N. Benesh for helping with extraction and initial processing of the wide-angle seismic refraction data. The reviews by C. Thurber and D. Hill improved the manuscript. Plots were generated using Generic Mapping Toos (GMT) [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. This research was supported by NSF grants OCE 0221951 and 0551750. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 3 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B09301 DI 10.1029/2008JB005929 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 492FR UT WOS:000269640800001 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Reynolds, RL Reheis, MC Phillips, SL Urban, FE Goldstein, HL AF Belnap, Jayne Reynolds, Richard L. Reheis, Marith C. Phillips, Susan L. Urban, Frank E. Goldstein, Harland L. TI Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Drylands; Dust; Global change; Land use; Wind erosion ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; WIND EROSION; SOUTHERN NEVADA; DUST DEPOSITION; EOLIAN DUST; QUATERNARY SOILS; VEGETATION COVER; WATER EROSION; UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE-DESERT AB Large sediment fluxes can have significant impacts on ecosystems. We measured incoming and outgoing sediment across a gradient of soil disturbance (livestock grazing, plowing) and annual plant invasion for 9 years. Our sites included two currently ungrazed sites: one never grazed by livestock and dominated by perennial grasses/well-developed biocrusts and one not grazed since 1974 and dominated by annual weeds with little biocrusts. We used two currently grazed sites: one dominated by annual weeds and the other dominated by perennial plants, both with little biocrusts. Precipitation was highly variable, with years of average, above-average, and extremely low precipitation. During years with average and above-average precipitation, the disturbed sites consistently produced 2.8 times more sediment than the currently undisturbed sites. The never grazed site always produced the least sediment of all the sites. During the drought years, we observed a 5600-fold increase in sediment production from the most disturbed site (dominated by annual grasses, plowed about 50 years previously and currently grazed by livestock) relative to the never grazed site dominated by perennial grasses and well-developed biocrusts, indicating a non-linear, synergistic response to increasing disturbance types and levels. Comparing sediment losses among the sites, biocrusts were most important in predicting site stability, followed by perennial plant cover. Incoming sediment was similar among the sites, and while inputs were up to 9-fold higher at the most heavily disturbed site during drought years compared to average years, the change during the drought conditions was small relative to the large change seen in the sediment outputs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Belnap, Jayne; Phillips, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Reynolds, Richard L.; Reheis, Marith C.; Urban, Frank E.; Goldstein, Harland L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov OI Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 NR 71 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.03.001 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA V20CN UT WOS:000208118200004 ER PT J AU Griffiths, PG Webb, RH Fisher, M Muth, A AF Griffiths, Peter G. Webb, Robert H. Fisher, Mark Muth, Allan TI Plants and ventifacts delineate late Holocene wind vectors in the Coachella Valley, USA SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aeolian transport; Wind direction; Ventifacts; Desert geomorphology; Desert plants AB Strong westerly winds that emanate from San Gorgonio Pass, the lowest point between Palm Springs and Los Angeles, California, dominate aeolian transport in the Coachella Valley of the western Sonoran Desert. These winds deposit sand in coppice dunes that are critical habitat for several species, including the state and federally listed threatened species Uma inornata, a lizard. Although wind directions are generally defined in this valley, the wind field has complex interactions with local topography and becomes more variable with distance from the pass. Local, dominant wind directions are preserved by growth patterns of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush), a shrub characteristic of the hot North American deserts, and ventifacts. Exceptionally long-lived, Larrea has the potential to preserve wind direction over centuries to millennia, shaped by the abrasive pruning of windward branches and the persistent training of leeward branches. Wind direction preserved in Larrea individuals and clones was mapped at 192 locations. Compared with wind data from three weather stations, Larrea vectors effectively reflect annual prevailing winds. Ventifacts measured at 24 locations record winds 100 more westerly than Larrea and appear to reflect the direction of the most erosive winds. Based on detailed mapping of local wind directions as preserved in Larrea, only the northern half of the Mission-Morongo Creek floodplain is likely to supply sand to protected U. inornata habitat in the Willow Hole ecological reserve. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Griffiths, Peter G.; Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Fisher, Mark; Muth, Allan] Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Res Ctr, Palm Desert, CA 92261 USA. RP Griffiths, PG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM pggriffi@usgs.gov; rhwebb@usgs.gov; sandlizards@mindspring.com; sandlizards@mindspring.com FU Coachella Valley Association of Governments FX Cameron Barrows and Nicholas Lancaster provided early encouragement of this work. Joseph McAuliffe provided encouragement and discussion of his work. Jeffrey Gartner and Lancaster gave useful comments on the manuscript. Early parts of this work were funded by the Coachella Valley Association of Governments. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.07.001 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA V20CN UT WOS:000208118200007 ER PT J AU Wagner, CM Twohey, MB Fine, JM AF Wagner, C. Michael Twohey, Michael B. Fine, Jared M. TI Conspecific cueing in the sea lamprey: do reproductive migrations consistently follow the most intense larval odour? SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE conspecific cue; habitat selection; migration; Petromyzon marinus; pheromone; sea lamprey ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; GREAT-LAKES; PUBLIC INFORMATION; BROOK LAMPREY; BILE-ACIDS; GROWTH; METAMORPHOSIS; BEHAVIOR; STREAMS AB Conspecific cueing occurs when an organism receives information about habitat quality from the distribution of conspecifics. Consequently, animals should prefer to settle in habitats with high occupancy when conspecific cueing is used. Unlike salmonid fishes, which often acquire chemical recognition of natal streams in early life, sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, larvae produce a remarkably potent pheromone that migrating adults use to locate spawning streams. The size of the spawning migration in tributaries to the Great Lakes is correlated with the number of larvae resident to the stream, and therefore the amount of pheromone discharging into the lake. By releasing controlled amounts of larval odour into a lamprey-less stream, we tested the hypotheses that migrating sea lampreys ( 1) avoid swimming in waters that lack larval odour and ( 2) actively choose to swim in waters activated with the highest concentration of larval odour. Migrating sea lamprey clearly showed. ne-scale movements (<3 m) in streams to avoid swimming in waters that lacked larval odour. However, migrants only preferred intense odours after the difference in pheromone concentration reached an order of magnitude. These results suggest that the migratory pheromone functions primarily to establish the eligibility of a river for larval rearing and as a source of public information to indicate large differences in reproductive habitat quality to migrating adults. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wagner, C. Michael] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Twohey, Michael B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Fine, Jared M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wagner, CM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mwagner@msu.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Partnership for Ecosystem Research and Management with Michigan State University FX We thank Mr Bill Swink and Dr Roger Bergstedt of the U. S. Geological Survey's Hammond Bay Biological Station Millersburg, Michigan, for provision of the extracted larval odour. We also thank the staff of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marquette Biological Station, Marquette, Michigan, and Mr Gale Bravener of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ontario, Canada, for assistance in the field. This research was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission via a grant to C. M. W. and the Partnership for Ecosystem Research and Management with Michigan State University. NR 46 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 78 IS 3 BP 593 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.04.027 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 488OX UT WOS:000269360400003 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Senay, GB Howell, TA Marek, TH AF Gowda, P. H. Senay, G. B. Howell, T. A. Marek, T. H. TI LYSIMETRIC EVALUATION OF SIMPLIFIED SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE APPROACH IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Texas panhandle; Semiarid; Operational ET mapping; Remote sensing ID MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CALIBRATION; MODEL; FLUXES; SCALE; CROP; SOIL AB Numerous energy balance (EB) algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) regionally. However, most EB models are complex to use and efforts arc, being made to simplify procedures mainly through the scaling of reference ET The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) is one such method. This approach has never been evaluated using measured ET data. In this study, the SSEB approach was applied to 14 Landsat TM images covering a major portion of the Southern High Plains that were acquired during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons. Performance of the SSEB was evaluated by comparing estimated ET with measured daily ET from four large monolithic lysimeters at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. Statistical evaluation of results indicated that the SSEB accounted for 84% of the variability in the measured ET values with a slope and intercept of 0.75 and 1.1 mm d(-1), respectively. Considering the minimal amount of ancillary data required and excellent performance in predicting daily ET, the SSEB approach is a promising tool for mapping ET in the semiarid Texas high Plains and in other parts of the world with similar hydro-climatic conditions. C1 [Gowda, P. H.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Senay, G. B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Marek, T. H.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 665 EP 669 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 512CJ UT WOS:000271220200004 ER PT J AU Diaz, X Johnson, WP Fernandez, D Naftz, DL AF Diaz, Ximena Johnson, William P. Fernandez, Diego Naftz, David L. TI Size and elemental distributions of nano- to micro-particulates in the geochemically-stratified Great Salt Lake SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLLOIDAL ORGANIC-MATTER; NATURAL AQUATIC COLLOIDS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TRACE-METALS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NARRAGANSETT BAY; ICP-MS; WATER AB The characterization of trace elements in terms of their apportionment among dissolved, macromolecular, nano- and micro-particulate phases in the water column of the Great Salt Lake carries implications for the potential entry of toxins into the food web of the lake. Samples from the anoxic deep and oxic shallow brine layers of the lake were fractionated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). The associated trace elements were measured via online collision cell inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CC-ICP-MS). Results showed that of the total (dissolved + particulate) trace element mass, the percent associated with particulates varied from negligible (e.g. Sb), to greater than 50% (e.g. Al, Fe, Pb). Elements such as Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Au, Hg, and U were associated with nanoparticles, as well as being present as dissolved species. Particulate-associated trace elements were predominantly associated with particulates larger than 450 nm in size. Among the smaller nanoparticulates (<450 nm), some trace elements (Ni, Zn, Au and Pb) showed higher percent mass (associated with nanoparticles) in the 0.9-7.5 nm size range relative to the 10-250 nm size range. The apparent nanoparticle size distributions were similar between the two brine layers; whereas, important differences in elemental associations to nanoparticles were discerned between the two layers. Elements such as Zn, Cu, Pb and Mo showed increasing signal intensities from oxic shallow to anoxic deep brine, suggesting the formation of sulfide nanoparticles, although this may also reflect association with dissolved organic matter. Aluminum and Fe showed greatly increased concentration with depth and equivalent size distributions that differed from those of Zn, Cu, Pb and Mo. Other elements (e.g. Mn, Ni, and Co) showed no significant change in signal intensity with depth. Arsenic was associated with <2 nm nanoparticles, and showed no increase in concentration with depth, possibly indicating dissolved arsenite. Mercury was associated with <2 nm nanoparticles, and showed greatly increased concentration with depth, possibly indicating association with dissolved organic matter. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Diaz, Ximena; Johnson, William P.; Fernandez, Diego; Naftz, David L.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Johnson, WP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 135 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM william.johnson@utah.edu RI Johnson, William/G-7733-2011 FU State of Utah - Department of Environmental Quality - Division of Water Quality (DWQ); US Geological Survey (USGS) FX This project was funded by the State of Utah - Department of Environmental Quality - Division of Water Quality (DWQ) and the US Geological Survey (USGS). Use of brand names in this publication does not constitute endorsement by either the University of Utah or the US Geological Survey. The authors want to thank Dr. Ronald Beckett and the anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments during review of this manuscript. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1653 EP 1665 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.031 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 504VC UT WOS:000270644900005 ER PT J AU Summerfelt, ST Sharrer, M Gearheart, M Gillette, K Vinci, BJ AF Summerfelt, S. T. Sharrer, M. Gearheart, M. Gillette, K. Vinci, B. J. TI Evaluation of partial water reuse systems used for Atlantic salmon smolt production at the White River National Fish Hatchery SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Loading and Water Quality in Recirculating Systems for Salmonids held at the 4th Aquacultural-Engineering-Society Issues Forum CY JUL 23-24, 2008 CL Roanoke, VA SP Aquacultural Engn Soc DE Reuse; Recirculating; Aquaculture; Atlantic salmon; Smolt; Restoration; Hatchery ID SALAR L. SMOLTS; GROWTH; PHYSIOLOGY; HYPEROXIA; EXERCISE AB Eight of the existing 9.1 m (30 ft) diameter circular culture tanks at the White River National Fish Hatchery in Bethel, Vermont, were retrofitted and plumbed into two 8000 L/min partial water reuse systems to help meet the region's need for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt production. The partial reuse systems were designed to increase fish production on a limited but biosecure water resource, maintain excellent water quality, and provide more optimum swimming speeds for salmonids than those provided in traditional single-pass or serial-reuse raceways. The two systems were stocked with a total of 147,1340 Atlantic salmon part in May of 2005 (mean size 89 mm and 8.5 g/fish) and operated with 87-89% water reuse on a flow basis. By the time that the smolt were removed from the systems between March 28 to April 12,2006, the salmon smolt had reached a mean size of 24 cm and 137 g and hatchery staff considered the quality of the salmon to be exceptional. Overall feed conversion was <1:1. The Cornell-type dual-drain circular culture tanks were found to be self-cleaning and provided mean water rotational velocities that ranged from a low of 0.034 m/s (0.2 body length per second) near the center of the tank to a high of 39 cm/s (2.2 body length per second) near the perimeter of the tank. The fish swam at approximately the same speed as the water rotated. System water quality data were collected in mid-September when the systems were operated at near full loading, i.e., 24 kg/m(3) maximum density and 52.1 and 44.1 kg/day of feed in system A and system B, respectively. During this evaluation, afternoon water temperatures, as well as dissolved oxygen (O(2)), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations that exited the culture tank's sidewall drains averaged 14.8 and 15.9 degrees C, of 7.9 and 8.2 mg/L (O(2)), 4.0 and 3.2 mg/L (CO(2)), 0.72 and 0.67 mg/L (TAN), and 0.52 and 0.13 mg/L (TSS), respectively, in system A and system B. Dissolved O(2) was fairly uniform across each culture tank. In addition, water temperature varied diurnally and seasonally in a distinct pattern that corresponded to water temperature fluctuations in the nearby river water, as planned. This work demonstrates that partial reuse systems are an effective alternative to traditional single-pass systems and serial-reuse raceway systems for culture of fish intended for endangered species restoration programs and supplementation programs such as salmon smolt. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Summerfelt, S. T.; Sharrer, M.; Gearheart, M.; Vinci, B. J.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Gillette, K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, VT 05032 USA. RP Summerfelt, ST (reprint author), Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, 1098 Turner Rd, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM s.summerfelt@freshwaterinstitute.org OI Vinci, Brian/0000-0002-5724-6955 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2009.06.003 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 504UT UT WOS:000270643900006 ER PT J AU Blanchfield, PJ Tate, LS Plumb, JM Acolas, ML Beaty, KG AF Blanchfield, Paul J. Tate, Lori S. Plumb, John M. Acolas, Marie-Laure Beaty, Ken G. TI Seasonal habitat selection by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a small Canadian shield lake: constraints imposed by winter conditions SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Winter Limnology Symposium CY MAY 24-28, 2008 CL Kilpisjarvi Biol Stn, Kilpisjarvi, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Univ Joensuu, Univ Helsinki HO Kilpisjarvi Biol Stn DE Acoustic telemetry; Habitat selection; Ice; Lake trout; Winter ID HOME-RANGE; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; LIPID DEPLETION; ARCTIC CHARR; BROOK TROUT; SIZE; LIGHT; PREY; ICE; TEMPERATURE AB The need for cold, well-oxygenated waters significantly reduces the habitat available for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) during stratification of small temperate lakes. We examined the spatial and pelagic distribution of lake trout over two consecutive summers and winters and tested whether winter increased habitat availability and access to littoral regions in a boreal shield lake in which pelagic prey fish are absent. In winter, lake trout had a narrowly defined pelagic distribution that was skewed to the upper 3 m of the water column and spatially situated in the central region of the lake. Individual core areas of use (50% Kernel utilization distributions) in winter were much reduced (75%) and spatially non-overlapping compared to summer areas, but activity levels were similar between seasons. Winter habitat selection is in contrast to observations from the stratified season, when lake trout were consistently located in much deeper waters (> 6 m) and widely distributed throughout the lake. Winter distribution of lake trout appeared to be strongly influenced by ambient light levels; snow depth and day length accounted for up to 69% of the variation in daily median fish depth. More restricted habitat use during winter than summer was in contrast to our original prediction and illustrates that a different suite of factors influence lake trout distribution between these seasons. C1 [Blanchfield, Paul J.; Tate, Lori S.; Beaty, Ken G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Plumb, John M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Acolas, Marie-Laure] Irstea, UR EPBX, F-33612 Cestas, France. [Blanchfield, Paul J.; Tate, Lori S.; Beaty, Ken G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. RP Blanchfield, PJ (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. EM Paul.Blanchfield@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 EI 1573-5125 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 777 EP 787 DI 10.1007/s10452-009-9266-3 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494SS UT WOS:000269837500018 ER PT J AU Ward, DH Dau, CP Tibbitts, TL Sedinger, JS Anderson, BA Hines, JE AF Ward, David H. Dau, Christian P. Tibbitts, T. Lee Sedinger, James S. Anderson, Betty A. Hines, James E. TI Change in Abundance of Pacific Brant Wintering in Alaska: Evidence of a Climate Warming Effect? SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska Peninsula; abundance; Branta bernicla nigricans; climate warming; distribution; Izembek Lagoon; Pacific brant; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; wintering ID BLACK BRANT; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; NORTH PACIFIC; BERING-SEA; EELGRASS ABUNDANCE; POLEWARD SHIFTS; IZEMBEK LAGOON; ALEUTIAN LOW; SURVIVAL; OSCILLATION AB Winter distribution of Pacific Flyway brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) has shifted northward from low-temperate areas to sub-Arctic areas over the last 42 years. We assessed the winter abundance and distribution of brant in Alaska to evaluate whether climate warming may be contributing to positive trends in the most northern of the wintering populations. Mean surface air temperatures during winter at the end of the Alaska Peninsula increased about 1 degrees C between 1963 and 2004, resulting in a 23% reduction in freezing degree days and a 34% decline in the number of days when ice cover prevents birds from accessing food resources. Trends in the wintering population fluctuated with states of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, increasing during positive (warm) phases and decreasing during negative (cold) phases, and this correlation provides support for the hypothesis that growth in the wintering Population of brant in Alaska is linked to climate warming. The size of the wintering population was negatively correlated with the number of days of strong northwesterly winds in November, which suggests that the occurrence of tailwinds favorable for migration before the onset of winter was a key factor in whether brant migrated from Alaska or remained there during winter. Winter distribution of brant on the Alaska Peninsula was highly variable and influenced by ice cover, particularly at the heavily used Izembek Lagoon. Observations of previously marked brant indicated that the Alaska wintering population was composed primarily of birds originating from Arctic breeding colonies that appear to be growing. Numbers of brant in Alaska during winter will likely increase as temperatures rise and ice cover decreases at high latitudes in response to climate warming. C1 [Ward, David H.; Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dau, Christian P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Anderson, Betty A.] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. [Hines, James E.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada. RP Ward, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dward@usgs.gov FU Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Region 7; U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center FX Funding for this project was provided by the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Region 7, and the U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center. We thank N. Chelgren, T. Olson, D. Safine, B. Schulmeister, and L. Ziemba for their assistance with the fieldwork. We are also grateful to D. Derksen for his support. D. Douglas and H. Eicken kindly provided their expertise on the ice dynamics. This paper benefited from discussions with P. Flint and from reviews by T. Alerstam, T. Bowman, T. Fondell, J. Hupp, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 21 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 493YR UT WOS:000269776200006 ER PT J AU Elsner, WK Jorgenson, JC AF Elsner, Wendy K. Jorgenson, Janet C. TI White Spruce Seedling (Picea glauca) Discovered North of the Brooks Range along Alaska's Dalton Highway SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; Brooks Range; forest-tundra; tree line; white spruce ID TREELINE; TUNDRA AB A white spruce seedling, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, was found at the northern edge of the Brooks Range in Alaska, more than 50 km north of the latitudinal tree line. The seedling, 19 cm tall and about nine years old, was growing at the side of the Dalton Highway to Prudhoe Bay. It most likely sprouted from a seed transported across the Brooks Range on a vehicle and has survived on the well-drained gravel road berm, where site conditions are more favorable for germination and survival than in the surrounding tundra. This spruce has survived for about a decade under current climatic conditions. Even with a warming climate, natural seed dispersal is severely hampered by the rugged topographic barrier of the Brooks Range. Considering the amount of vehicle traffic on the Dalton Highway, however, it is likely that more pioneering spruce seedlings will turn up along this corridor. Once over the Brooks Range, a spruce population can potentially develop and expand. C1 [Elsner, Wendy K.; Jorgenson, Janet C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Jorgenson, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM janet_jorgenson@fws.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 342 EP 344 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 493YR UT WOS:000269776200011 ER PT J AU Fedy, BC Martin, TE AF Fedy, Bradley C. Martin, Thomas E. TI Male songbirds provide indirect parental care by guarding females during incubation SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraging; gray-headed juncos; mate guarding; parental care; red-faced warblers ID AVIAN INCUBATION; PREDATION; COMPETITION; VIGILANCE; BEHAVIOR; WARBLER AB Across many taxa, guarding of fertile mates is a widespread tactic that enhances paternity assurance. However, guarding of mates can also occur during the nonfertile period, and the fitness benefits of this behavior are unclear. Male songbirds, for example, sometimes guard nonfertile females during foraging recesses from incubation. We hypothesized that guarding postreproductive mates may have important, but unrecognized, benefits by enhancing female foraging efficiency, thereby increasing time spent incubating eggs. We tested the hypothesis in 2 songbird species by examining female behavior during natural and experimentally induced absences of males. Male absence caused increased vigilance in foraging females that decreased their efficiency and resulted in less time spent incubating eggs. Male guarding of nonfertile females can thus provide a previously unrecognized form of indirect parental care. C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bcfedy@gmail.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764]; United States Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-02817]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX National Science Foundation (DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764), the United States Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (2005-02817) (to T. E. M.); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council postdoctoral fellowship (to B. C. F.). NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1034 EP 1038 DI 10.1093/beheco/arp094 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 496FZ UT WOS:000269956400018 ER PT J AU Stovall, WK Houghton, BF Harris, AJL Swanson, DA AF Stovall, W. K. Houghton, Bruce F. Harris, Andrew J. L. Swanson, Donald A. TI Features of lava lake filling and draining and their implications for eruption dynamics SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lava lake; Kilauea; Hawai'i; Filling; Draining; Lava shelves; Vertical rinds ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; BASALTIC LAVA; HAWAII; FLOWS AB Lava lakes experience filling, circulation, and often drainage depending upon the style of activity and location of the vent. Features formed by these processes have proved difficult to document due to dangerous conditions during the eruption, inaccessibility, and destruction of features during lake drainage. KA << lauea Iki lava lake, KA << lauea, Hawai'i, preserves many such features, because lava ponded in a pre-existing crater adjacent to the vent and eventually filled to the level of, and interacted with, the vent and lava fountains. During repeated episodes, a cyclic pattern of lake filling to above vent level, followed by draining back to vent level, preserved features associated with both filling and draining. Field investigations permit us to describe the characteristic features associated with lava lakes on length scales ranging from centimeters to hundreds of meters in a fashion analogous to descriptions of lava flows. Multiple vertical rinds of lava coating the lake walls formed during filling as the lake deepened and lava solidified against vertical faces. Drainage of the lake resulted in uneven formation of roughly horizontal lava shelves on the lakeward edge of the vertical rinds; the shelves correlate with stable, staggered lake stands. Shelves either formed as broken relict slabs of lake crust that solidified in contact with the wall or by accumulation, accretion, and widening at the lake surface in a dynamic lateral flow regime. Thin, upper lava shelves reflect an initially dynamic environment, in which rapid lake lowering was replaced by slower and more staggered drainage with the formation of thicker, more laterally continuous shelves. At all lava lakes experiencing stages of filling and draining these processes may occur and result in the formation of similar sets of features. C1 [Stovall, W. K.; Houghton, Bruce F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Harris, Andrew J. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. RP Stovall, WK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wstovall@hawaii.edu FU NSF [EAR-0709303] FX We thank Andrea M. Steffke and C. Ian Schipper for their help with field work and sample collection. Thoughtful and very helpful comments were provided by Fred Witham, Rosalind T. Helz and Michael A. Clynne as well as Julia E. Hammer and Sarah A. Fagents. This research was sponsored by NSF grant EAR-0709303. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 71 IS 7 BP 767 EP 780 DI 10.1007/s00445-009-0263-0 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 490TY UT WOS:000269529500005 ER PT J AU Zaczek, JJ Baer, SG Hartleb, JL Brendecke, WW Schoonover, JE Williard, KWJ Groninger, JW AF Zaczek, J. J. Baer, S. G. Hartleb, J. L. Brendecke, W. W. Schoonover, J. E. Williard, K. W. J. Groninger, J. W. TI Survival and Genet Growth and Development of Field-Planted Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) over Time in Southern Illinois SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article CT Symposium on Thems the Brakes - The Past and Future of North American Bamboo CY APR 17, 2008 CL Spartanburg, SC SP Furman Univ, Wofford Coll, Assoc SE Biologists, So Appalachian Bot Soc ID RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES; BAMBOO; FOREST AB The drastic loss of giant cone (Arundinaria gigantea) -dominated communities (canebrakes) in southeastern North America has spurred great interest in habitat restoration. We report on two giant cane restoration studies that investigate the effects of collection source, rhizome propagule morphological characteristics and type (greenhouse-grown containerized stock plants or bare rhizomes), site, and time on genet survival and growth. Survival over the two studies (after three and five years) differed by propagule collection source, was marginally greater when planting older containerized stock, and varied between sites. Although field survival tended to be somewhat greater for greenhouse-grown containerized stock in comparison to bare rhizomes, overall survival was similar for both stock types when accounting for mortality of planted rhizomes in the greenhouse. The number of culms, their height, and spread of the genets increased over time and differed by planting stock type in each study. At Becca's Tract, cane genet growth ranged from a mean of 1.4 +/- 0.1 culms that were 41.7 +/- 1.8 cm tall with essentially no spread after the first growing season to a mean of 80.6 +/- 7.6 culms that were 99.8 +/- 2.8 cm tall with a spread of 212.1 +/- 19.6 cm after five years. Giant cone rhizome sections initially grown in a greenhouse or planted directly in the field can be used to establish canebrokes in a framework that is operationally feasible for large-scale restoration. C1 [Zaczek, J. J.; Schoonover, J. E.; Williard, K. W. J.; Groninger, J. W.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry & Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Baer, S. G.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Baer, S. G.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Hartleb, J. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puxico, MO 63960 USA. [Brendecke, W. W.] US Forest Serv, Prairie City, OR 97869 USA. RP Zaczek, JJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry & Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM zaczek@siu.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD SEP PY 2009 VL 74 IS 3 BP 286 EP 299 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 508MP UT WOS:000270935800010 ER PT J AU Rivera, S Kershner, JL Keller, GR AF Rivera, Samuel Kershner, Jeffrey L. Keller, Gordon R. TI Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras SO CIENCIA E INVESTIGACION AGRARIA LA English DT Article DE Erosion; forest roads; Honduras; road surface; soil; tropical forest AB S. Rivera, J.L. Kershner, and G.R. Keller. 2009. Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(3):425-432. Using forest roads produces more erosion and sedimentation than any other forest or agricultural activity. This study evaluated soil losses from a forest road in central Honduras over two consecutive years. We divided a 400-m segment of road into 8 experimental units, each 50 m in length. Four units were treated with Best Management Practices (BMPs) and four were left untreated. The BMP treatments included reshaping the road prism, installing culverts and reshaping of road ditches, compacting 20-cm layers of the road tread, crowning the road surface (3% slope, double drainage), longitudinal sloping (less than 12%), and adding a 10-cm layer of gravel (crush size = 0.63 cm). Soil movement was measured daily during the rainy seasons. The highest soil loss occurred in the control road, around 500 m(3) km(-1) per year, while the road treated with BMP lost approximately 225 m(3)km(-1) per year. These results show that road surface erosion can be reduced up to 50% with the implementation of surface treatments. C1 [Rivera, Samuel] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Montana State Univ, USGS, BRD, NOROCK, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Keller, Gordon R.] US Forest Serv Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. RP Rivera, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM samuel.rivera@aggiemail.usu.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Foreign Agricultural Service FX We would like to thank to the sponsor of this research project: the U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Foreign Agricultural Service and the International Cooperation Scientific Exchange Program. The USFS- Fish and Ecology Unit at Utah State University provided the logistical support for this study. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, FAC AGRONOMIA INGENIERIA FORESTAL PI SANTIAGO PA AV VICUNA MACKENNA 4860, SANTIAGO, 00000, CHILE SN 0718-1620 J9 CIENC INVESTIG AGRAR JI Cienc. Investig. Agrar. PD SEP-DEC PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 524TH UT WOS:000272165600009 ER PT J AU Stanislawski, LV AF Stanislawski, Lawrence V. TI Feature pruning by upstream drainage area to support automated generalization of the United States National Hydrography Dataset SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Automated generalization; Hydrographic network; National Hydrography Dataset; Directed graph; Catchment AB The United States Geological Survey has been researching generalization approaches to enable multiple-scale display and delivery of geographic data. This paper presents automated methods to prune network and polygon features of the United States high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) to lower resolutions. Feature-pruning rules, data enrichment, and partitioning are derived from knowledge of surface water, the NHD model, and associated feature specification standards. Relative prominence of network features is estimated from upstream drainage area (UDA). Network and polygon features are pruned by UDA and NHD reach code to achieve a drainage density appropriate for any less detailed map scale. Data partitioning maintains local drainage density variations that characterize the terrain. For demonstration, a 48 subbasin area of 1:24 000-scale NHD was pruned to 1: 100 000-scale (100 K) and compared to a benchmark, the 100 K NHD. The coefficient of line correspondence (CLC) is used to evaluate how well pruned network features match the benchmark network. CLC values of 0.82 and 0.77 result from pruning with and without partitioning, respectively. The number of polygons that remain after pruning is about seven times that of the benchmark, but the area covered by the polygons that remain after pruning is only about 10% greater than the area covered by benchmark polygons. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Stanislawski, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM lstan@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0198-9715 J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 33 IS 5 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.07.004 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science GA 504PL UT WOS:000270629200003 ER PT J AU Collie, JS Hermsen, JM Valentine, PC AF Collie, Jeremy S. Hermsen, Jerome M. Valentine, Page C. TI Recolonization of gravel habitats on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Marine Benthic Ecology and Biodiversity - A Compilation of Recent Advances held in Honor of J Frederick Grassle CY NOV 20-21, 2008 CL Rutgers Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ HO Rutgers Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci DE Northeast Atlantic; Continental shelf; Georges Bank; Gravel; Sediment; Ecosystem disturbance; Recolonization; Benthos; Trawling; Dredging ID BENTHIC MEGAFAUNA; COMMUNITY; SEDIMENT; IMPACTS; GEAR AB Gravel habitats on continental shelves around the world support productive fisheries but are also vulnerable to disturbance from bottom fishing. We conducted a 2-year in situ experiment to measure the rate of colonization of a gravel habitat on northern Georges Bank in an area closed to fishing (Closed Area II) since December 1994. Three large (0.25 m(2)) sediment trays containing defaunated pebble gravel were deployed at a study site (47 m water depth) in July 1997 and recovered in June 1999. The undersides of the tray lids positioned 56 cm above the trays served as settlement panels over the same time period. We observed rapid colonization of the gravel substrate (56 species) and the settlement panels (35 species), indicating that colonization of gravel in this region is not limited by the supply of colonists. The species composition of the taxa found in the trays was broadly similar to that we collected over a 10-year period (1994-2004) in dredge samples from gravel sediments at the same site. The increase in abundance of animals in the gravel colonization trays was rapid and reached a level in 2 years that took 4.5 years to achieve in the surrounding gravel sediments once fishing had stopped, based on data from dredge sampling at this site. The increase in biomass of animals found in the sediment trays paralleled the trend of biomass increase observed in dredge samples over the same period (1997-1999) but was lower in value. These data suggest that after rapid initial increase in abundance of organisms, succession proceeded by increasing individual body size. A comparison of settlement panel and tray faunas revealed that the mean biomass of structure-forming epifauna (sponges, bryozoans, anemones, hydroids, colonial tube worms) on the panels was 8 times that found on the trays. Structure-forming taxa constituted 29% of the mean biomass of the panel fauna but only 5.5% of the tray fauna. By contrast, the mean biomass of scavengers (crabs, echinoderms, nudibranchs, gastropods) in the trays was 32 times that on the panels. Colonization of the tray gravel was more rapid for free-living species (many of which are prey for fish) than for structure-forming epifauna, though colonists of the latter species were present. The reduced success of structure-forming species in colonizing the tray gravel possibly is related to factors such as intermittent burial of the gravel by migrating sand and low survival of new recruits due to the presence of high numbers of scavengers on the gravel. These two factors might explain, to varying degree, the slow recolonization of gravel habitats by structure-forming species in Closed Area II of the northern part of Georges Bank. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Collie, Jeremy S.; Hermsen, Jerome M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Valentine, Page C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Collie, JS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jcollie@gso.uri.edu; jerome.Hermsen@noaa.gov; pvalentine@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 56 IS 19-20 BP 1847 EP 1855 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.025 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 504RT UT WOS:000270635700030 ER PT J AU Ostoja, SM Schupp, EW AF Ostoja, Steven M. Schupp, Eugene W. TI Conversion of sagebrush shrublands to exotic annual grasslands negatively impacts small mammal communities SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Big sagebrush; biological invasions; Great Basin desert; rodent communities; small mammals ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; NEW-MEXICO; DESERT; COMPETITION; INVASION; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; CHEATGRASS; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Aim The exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is fast replacing sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities throughout the Great Basin Desert and nearby regions in the Western United States, impacting native plant communities and altering fire regimes, which contributes to the long-term persistence of this weedy species. The effect of this conversion on native faunal communities remains largely unexamined. We assess the impact of conversion from native perennial to exotic annual plant communities on desert rodent communities. Location Wyoming big sagebrush shrublands and nearby sites previously converted to cheatgrass-dominated annual grasslands in the Great Basin Desert, Utah, USA. Methods At two sites in Tooele County, Utah, USA, we investigated with Sherman live trapping whether intact sagebrush vegetation and nearby converted Bromus tectorum-dominated vegetation differed in rodent abundance, diversity and community composition. Results Rodent abundance and species richness were considerably greater in sagebrush plots than in cheatgrass-dominated plots. Nine species were captured in sagebrush plots; five of these were also trapped in cheatgrass plots, all at lower abundances than in the sagebrush. In contrast, cheatgrass-dominated plots had no species that were not found in sagebrush. In addition, the site that had been converted to cheatgrass longer had lower abundances of rodents than the site more recently converted to cheatgrass-dominated plots. Despite large differences in abundances and species richness, Simpson's D diversity and Shannon-Wiener diversity and Brillouin evenness indices did not differ between sagebrush and cheatgrass-dominated plots. Main conclusions This survey of rodent communities in native sagebrush and in converted cheatgrass-dominated vegetation suggests that the abundances and community composition of rodents may be shifting, potentially at the larger spatial scale of the entire Great Basin, where cheatgrass continues to invade and dominate more landscape at a rapid rate. C1 [Ostoja, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Ostoja, Steven M.; Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ostoja, Steven M.; Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ostoja, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM sostoja@usgs.gov RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010 FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture [2001-52103-11322]; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES), Utah State University (USU), Logan, UT, USA; USU Ecology Center; USU School of Graduate Studies FX This research was funded by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2001-52103-11322; by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES), Utah State University (USU), Logan, UT, USA; and by a USU Ecology Center research fellowship and a USU School of Graduate Studies dissertation fellowship to SMO. Special thanks to R. Klinger for assistance with sampling design. J. MacMahon and E. Rickart helped with initial species identification. We thank K. Beard, C. Call, J. MacMahon, T. Monaco, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We are also grateful to K. Sivy, R. Barker, D. Christensen, J. Burnham, W. Fox, S. Newbold, J. Rieder and E. Bradley for field assistance. Two anonymous referees and the editor, A. Andersen, greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. Approved as UAES journal paper no. 8062. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00593.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487IC UT WOS:000269264300013 ER PT J AU Hornberger, MI Luoma, SN Johnson, ML Holyoak, M AF Hornberger, Michelle I. Luoma, Samuel N. Johnson, Michael L. Holyoak, Marcel TI Influence of remediation in a mine-impacted river: metal trends over large spatial and temporal scales SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; bioaccumulation; caddisfly; cadmium; Clark Fork River Superfund site; connectivity; copper; Hydropsyche spp.; Montana, USA; remediation ID CLARK FORK RIVER; AQUATIC INSECTS; TRACE-METALS; HYDROPSYCHE TRICHOPTERA; FEEDING-HABITS; WHOLE-BODY; BIOACCUMULATION; STREAM; WATER; SEDIMENTS AB The effectiveness of mine-waste remediation at the Clark Fork River Superfund site in western Montana, USA, was examined by monitoring metal concentrations in resident biota (caddisfly, Hydropsyche spp.) and bed sediment over a 19-year period. Remediation activities began in 1990 and are ongoing. In the upper 45 km, reduced Cu and Cd concentrations at some sites were coincident with remediation events. However, for a period of three years, the decline in Cu and Cd directly below the treatment ponds was offset by high arsenic concentrations, suggesting that remediation for cations (e. g., Cu and Cd) mobilized anions such as arsenic. The impact of remediation in the middle and lower reaches was confounded by a significant positive relationship between metal bioaccumulation and stream discharge. High flows did not dilute metals but redistributed contaminants throughout the river. The majority of clean-up efforts were focused on reducing metal-rich sediments in the most contaminated upstream reach, implicitly assuming that improvements upstream will positively impact the downstream stations. We tested this assumption by correlating temporal metal trends in sediment between and among stations. The strength of that association (r value) was our indicator of spatial connectivity. Connectivity for both Cu and Cd was strong at small spatial scales. Large-scale connectivity was strongest with Cu since similar temporal reductions were observed at most monitoring stations. The most upstream station, closest to remediation, had the lowest connectivity, but the next three downstream sites were strongly correlated to trends downstream. Targeted remediation in this reach would be an effective approach to positively influencing the downstream stations. C1 [Hornberger, Michelle I.; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hornberger, MI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mhornber@usgs.gov RI Holyoak, Marcel/C-3475-2009 FU U.S. EPA; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX Long-term time series studies such as this could not have been done without the assistance of numerous individuals. We gratefully acknowledge the field and laboratory contributions of Dan Cain, Ellen Axtmann, Robin Bouse, Cynthia Brown, Stacey Andrews, Jessica Dyke, Allison Lorenzi, Carlos Primo David, and Irene Lavigne. John Lambing of the U. S. Geological Survey Montana Water Science Center provided technical guidance and logistical support throughout the project. The thorough and thoughtful colleague reviews by Dan Cain, Marty Gurtz, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. EPA and the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1522 EP 1535 DI 10.1890/08-1529.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200014 PM 19769100 ER PT J AU McEachern, AK Thomson, DM Chess, KA AF McEachern, A. Kathryn Thomson, Diane M. Chess, Katherine A. TI Climate alters response of an endemic island plant to removal of invasive herbivores SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; Castilleja mollis; climate change; demography; endemic plant; environmental variation; eradication; herbivores; islands; population dynamics; Santa Rosa, Channel Islands, California, USA ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA CHANNEL; MANAGEMENT; INVADERS; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION; ERADICATION; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; HISTORY AB Islands experience higher rates of species extinction than mainland ecosystems, with biological invasions among the leading causes; they also serve as important model systems for testing ideas in basic and applied ecology. Invasive removal programs on islands are conservation efforts that can also be viewed as powerful manipulative experiments, but few data are available to evaluate their effects. We collected demographic and herbivore damage data for Castilleja mollis Pennell, an endangered plant endemic to Santa Rosa Island, California, over a 12-year period before, during, and after the implementation of control for introduced cattle, deer, and elk. We used these long-term data to explore mechanisms underlying herbivore effects, assess the results of herbivore reduction at the scales of both individual plants and populations, and determine how temporal variability in herbivory and plant demography influenced responses to herbivore removals. For individual plants, herbivore effects mediated by disturbance were greater than those of grazing. Deer and elk scraping of the ground substantially increased plant mortality and dormancy and reduced flowering and growth. Stem damage from browsing did not affect survivorship but significantly reduced plant growth and flower production. Herbivore control successfully lowered damage rates, which declined steeply between 1997 and 2000 and have remained relatively low. Castilleja mollis abundances rose sharply after 1997, suggesting a positive effect of herbivore control, but then began to decline steadily again after 2003. The recent decline appears to be driven by higher mean growing season temperatures; interestingly, not only reductions in scraping damage but a period of cooler conditions were significant in explaining increases in C. mollis populations between 1997 and 2002. Our results demonstrate strong effects of introduced herbivores on both plant demography and population dynamics and show that climate-driven variation may counteract and mask positive responses to herbivore removal. Regional mean temperatures already have risen significantly over the last 50 years, suggesting that climate change could increasingly swamp the effects of management targeted at other environmental problems. Similar interactions between climate and invasive species will play an even greater role in future management, with long-term data sets like this critical to quantifying such effects. C1 [McEachern, A. Kathryn; Chess, Katherine A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Islands Field Stn, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [Thomson, Diane M.] Claremont Mckenna Coll, Joint Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP McEachern, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Islands Field Stn, 1901 Spinnaker Dr, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. EM kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; National Science Foundation [0353608]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank D. Rodriguez and C. Cowan for substantial assistance with data collection, and J. Levine, N. Pavlovic, K. Faulkner, J. Howell, J. Hatfield, and J. Yee for many helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the National Park Service, by National Science Foundation grant 0353608, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Our work was conducted under U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Research Permit #TE-044846. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1574 EP 1584 DI 10.1890/08-1574.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200018 PM 19769104 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Kraft, CE Cooch, EG Sullivan, PJ AF Zipkin, Elise F. Kraft, Clifford E. Cooch, Evan G. Sullivan, Patrick J. TI When can efforts to control nuisance and invasive species backfire? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE density dependence; fecundity; instability; invasive species control; harvest; nuisance species; overcompensation; population model; removal study; stage-structured model; survivorship ID COMPLEX POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FLUCTUATING POPULATIONS; PREDATOR POPULATION; FISH; HARVEST; MORTALITY; HISTORY; LAKE; PREY AB Population control through harvest has the potential to reduce the abundance of nuisance and invasive species. However, demographic structure and density-dependent processes can confound removal efforts and lead to undesirable consequences, such as overcompensation (an increase in abundance in response to harvest) and instability (population cycling or chaos). Recent empirical studies have demonstrated the potential for increased mortality (such as that caused by harvest) to lead to overcompensation and instability in plant, insect, and fish populations. We developed a general population model with juvenile and adult stages to help determine the conditions under which control harvest efforts can produce unintended outcomes. Analytical and simulation analyses of the model demonstrated that the potential for overcompensation as a result of harvest was significant for species with high fecundity, even when annual stage-specific survivorship values were fairly low. Population instability as a result of harvest occurred less frequently and was only possible with harvest strategies that targeted adults when both fecundity and adult survivorship were high. We considered these results in conjunction with current literature on nuisance and invasive species to propose general guidelines for assessing the risks associated with control harvest based on life history characteristics of target populations. Our results suggest that species with high per capita fecundity (over discrete breeding periods), short juvenile stages, and fairly constant survivorship rates are most likely to respond undesirably to harvest. It is difficult to determine the extent to which overcompensation and instability could occur during real-world removal efforts, and more empirical removal studies should be undertaken to evaluate population-level responses to control harvests. Nevertheless, our results identify key issues that have been seldom acknowledged and are potentially generic across taxa. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Kraft, Clifford E.; Cooch, Evan G.; Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ezipkin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense [CS 1542] FX The authors thank Peter Abrams for discussion on the topic and helpful comments throughout the writing process. We thank Steve Ellner, Beth Gardner, Julien Martin, Jim Nichols, Andy Royle, Mike Runge, Brian Shuter, and Emily Silverman for discussions on model development and helpful comments on the manuscript. Yvonne Buckley and three anonymous reviewers also provided valuable suggestions. Funding for this work was provided, in part, by the Strategic Environmental research and Development Program, U.S. Department of Defense, Project CS 1542. NR 56 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1585 EP 1595 DI 10.1890/08-1467.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200019 PM 19769105 ER PT J AU Liebezeit, JR Kendall, SJ Brown, S Johnson, CB Martin, P McDonald, TL Payer, DC Rea, CL Streever, B Wildman, AM Zack, S AF Liebezeit, J. R. Kendall, S. J. Brown, S. Johnson, C. B. Martin, P. McDonald, T. L. Payer, D. C. Rea, C. L. Streever, B. Wildman, A. M. Zack, S. TI Influence of human development and predators on nest survival of tundra birds, Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alaska, USA; Arctic Coastal Plain; Cox proportional hazards model; development; infrastructure; nest predator; nest survival; passerines; shorebirds; subsidized predators ID NORTH-AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS; BRANTA-BERNICLA-BERNICLA; EGGSHELL EVIDENCE; TAIMYR PENINSULA; WADERS CHARADRII; OIL-DEVELOPMENT; ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; SUCCESS; GEESE; FOXES AB Nest predation may influence population dynamics of birds on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska, USA. Anthropogenic development on the ACP is increasing, which may attract nest predators by providing artificial sources of food, perches, den sites, and nest sites. Enhanced populations or concentrations of human-subsidized predators may reduce nest survival for tundra-nesting birds. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that nest survival decreases in proximity to human infrastructure. We monitored 1257 nests of 13 shorebird species and 619 nests of four passerine species at seven sites on the ACP from 2002 to 2005. Study sites were chosen to represent a range of distances to infrastructure from 100 m to 80 km. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the effects of background (i.e., natural) factors and infrastructure on nest survival. We documented high spatial and temporal variability in nest survival, and site and year were both included in the best background model. We did not detect an effect of human infrastructure on nest survival for shorebirds as a group. In contrast, we found evidence that risk of predation for passerine nests increased within 5 km of infrastructure. This finding provides quantitative evidence of a relationship between infrastructure and nest survival for breeding passerines on the ACP. A posteriori finer-scale analyses (within oil field sites and individual species) suggested that Red and Red-necked Phalaropes combined (Phalaropus fulicarius, P. lobatus) had lower productivity closer to infrastructure and in areas with higher abundance of subsidized predators. However, we did not detect such a relationship between infrastructure and nest survival for Semipalmated and Pectoral Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla, C. melanotos), the two most abundant shorebirds. High variability in environmental conditions, nest survival, and predator numbers between sites and years may have contributed to these inconsistent results. We recommend targeted management actions to minimize anthropogenic effects and suggest new research needed on this issue as expanding development is planned for the ACP of Alaska. In particular, we recommend research on demography of key predators and their importance with respect to nest survival, and experimental studies that better address challenges posed by high natural variability. C1 [Liebezeit, J. R.; Zack, S.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Pacific W Off, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Martin, P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Brown, S.] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. [Johnson, C. B.; Wildman, A. M.] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. [McDonald, T. L.] West Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Rea, C. L.] Conocophillips Alaska Inc, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. [Streever, B.] BP Explorat Alaska Inc, Anchorage, AK 99519 USA. RP Liebezeit, JR (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Pacific W Off, 718 SW Alder St,Suite 210, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM jliebezeit@wcs.org RI McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 FU BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc.; ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.; Disney Wildlife Conservation Grant; Liz Claiborne/Art Ortenberg Foundation; Manomet Center for Conservation Science; Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act Grants; North Slope Borough Wildlife Department; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Conservation Society FX We thank the many field biologists who participated in this study, especially: Lauren Attanas, Colette Buchholtz, Amy Leist, Todd Mabee, Randy Mullen, Kevin Pietrzak, Terry Schick, and Cashell Villa. Funding or logistical support was provided by: BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc., ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., Disney Wildlife Conservation Grant, Liz Claiborne/Art Ortenberg Foundation, Manomet Center for Conservation Science, Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act Grants, North Slope Borough Wildlife Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Conservation Society (including private donors). We also thank Rick Lanctot of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bob Rodrigues at LGL Alaska Research Associates, Inc., Robert Suydam of the North Slope Borough, and Declan Troy of Troy Ecological Research Associates for participating in various aspects of this project. John Schoen and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Order of authorship after first two is alphabetical. NR 73 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1628 EP 1644 DI 10.1890/08-1661.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200022 PM 19769108 ER PT J AU Graham, JH Krzysik, AJ Kouacic, DA Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Emlen, JM Zak, JC Long, WR Wallace, MP Chamberlin-Graham, C Nutter, JP Balbach, HE AF Graham, John H. Krzysik, Anthony J. Kouacic, David A. Duda, Jeffrey J. Freeman, D. Carl Emlen, John M. Zak, John C. Long, W. Russell Wallace, Michael P. Chamberlin-Graham, Catherine Nutter, Jonathan P. Balbach, Hal E. TI Species richness, equitability, and abundance of ants in disturbed landscapes SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Equitability; Fire; Formicidae; Military training; Spatial heterogeneity; Species richness ID FALL-LINE SANDHILLS; LAND-USE; RECOLONIZATION PATTERNS; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; DIVERSITY GRADIENTS; HABITAT DISTURBANCE; IPOMOEA-PANDURATA; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; SOIL DISTURBANCE; RHUS-COPALLINUM AB Ants are used as indicators of environmental change in disturbed landscapes, often without adequate understanding of their response to disturbance. Ant communities in the southeastern United States displayed a hump-backed species richness curve against an index of landscape disturbance. Forty sites at Fort Benning, in west-central Georgia, covered a spectrum of habitat disturbance (military training and fire) in upland forest. Sites disturbed by military training had fewer trees, less canopy cover, more bare ground, and warmer, more compact soils with shallower A-horizons. We sampled ground-dwelling ants with pitfall traps, and measured 15 habitat variables related to vegetation and soil. Ant species richness was greatest with a relative disturbance of 43%, but equitability was greatest with no disturbance. Ant abundance was greatest with a relative disturbance of 85%. High species richness at intermediate disturbance was associated with greater within-site spatial heterogeneity, Species richness was also associated with intermediate values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a correlate of net primary productivity (NPP). Available NPP (the product of NDVI and the fraction of days that soil temperature exceeded 25 degrees C), however, was positively correlated with species richness, though not with ant abundance. Species richness was unrelated to soil texture, total ground cover, and fire frequency. Ant species richness and equitability are potential state indicators of the soil arthropod community. Moreover, equitability can be used to monitor ecosystem change. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Graham, John H.; Long, W. Russell; Chamberlin-Graham, Catherine; Nutter, Jonathan P.] Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. [Krzysik, Anthony J.] Prescott Coll, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Kouacic, David A.; Wallace, Michael P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Landscape Architecture, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.; Emlen, John M.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Freeman, D. Carl] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Zak, John C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Balbach, Hal E.] USA, ERDC CERL, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Graham, JH (reprint author), Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. EM jgraham@berry.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Graham, John/0000-0003-1974-132X FU Department of Defense SERDP (Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program) FX This research was sponsored by the Department of Defense SERDP (Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program) and is Part of the SERDP Ecosystem Management Project (SEMP). Student research assistants of JHG were funded, in part, by Berry College. Michelle Brown and Lorence Pascoe helped with the fieldwork. And we thank Pete Swiderek, Theresa Davo, and John Brent of Fort Benning, and Hugh Westbury and Patti Kosky of SERDP-SEMP for logistics and coordination with Fort Benning Range Control. We thank John Dilustro for advice on NPP. Conservation and Land Management branches at Fort Benning provided the fire data. Bob Lozar (U.S. Army ERDC-CERL) developed the NDVI data. Mark Deyrup, Stefan Cover, William Mackay, and James Trager offered numerous suggestions on ant taxonomy, identification, and natural history. Alan Andersen, Jerry Freilich, David Foote, and an unknown reviewer offered numerous helpful suggestions on the manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Interior or the United States Geologic Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 88 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 866 EP 877 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.003 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 426YI UT WOS:000264744100005 ER PT J AU Bar-David, S Bar-David, I Cross, PC Ryan, SJ Knechtel, CU Getz, WM AF Bar-David, Shirli Bar-David, Israel Cross, Paul C. Ryan, Sadie J. Knechtel, Christiane U. Getz, Wayne M. TI Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African buffalo; circular path; Fourier transform; GPS; herbivore foraging; Kruger National Park, South Africa; looping; net displacement; periodogram; resource recovery; Syncerus caffer ID HABITAT SELECTION; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; NATIONAL-PARK; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; RESOURCES; FORAGE; SPACE; HETEROGENEITY AB Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e. g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch ("recursions''). Identification of such patches and quantification of recursion pathways, when combined with patch-related ecological data, should contribute to our understanding of the habitat requirements of large herbivores, of factors governing their space-use patterns, and their interactions with the ecosystem. We begin by presenting output from a simple spatial model that simulates movements of large-herbivore groups based on minimal parameters: resource availability and rates of resource recovery after a local depletion. We then present the details of our new techniques of analyses (recursion analysis and circle analysis) and apply them to data generated by our model, as well as two sets of empirical data on movements of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): the first collected in Klaserie Private Nature Reserve and the second in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Our recursion analyses of model outputs provide us with a basis for inferring aspects of the processes governing the production of buffalo recursion patterns, particularly the potential influence of resource recovery rate. Although the focus of our simulations was a comparison of movement patterns produced by different resource recovery rates, we conclude our paper with a comprehensive discussion of how recursion analyses can be used when appropriate ecological data are available to elucidate various factors influencing movement. Inter alia, these include the various limiting and preferred resources, parasites, and topographical and landscape factors. C1 [Bar-David, Shirli] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84990 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. [Bar-David, Israel] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] McGill Univ, Dept Anthropol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Knechtel, Christiane U.] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Bar-David, S (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, Sede Boqer Campus, IL-84990 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. EM shirlibd@bgu.ac.il RI Ryan, Sadie/H-1595-2012; Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Ryan, Sadie/0000-0002-4308-6321; Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354 FU U. S. National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease; McDonnell 21st Century Science Initiative Award (WMG); EPA STAR; NSF Bioinformatics; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Daimler-Chrysler South Africa; State Chancellery Nordrhein-Westfalen/Germany FX This research was funded by the U. S. National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant and a James S. McDonnell 21st Century Science Initiative Award (WMG). S. J. Ryan was also supported by an EPA STAR grant and an NSF Bioinformatics Fellowship. We thank Justin Bowers, Craig Hay, Julie Wolhuter, Kutani Bulunga, Augusta Mabunda, Fernando Muhlovo, Markus Hofmeyr, Peter Buss, Lin-Mari de Klerk, Roy Bengis, Douw Grobler, N. Zambatis, C. Rowles, E. Leibnitz, M. Peel, KPNR rangers and camp- managers, KNP managers and scientists, and KNP Game Capture and State Veterinary technicians. C. U. Knechtel's fieldwork in KPNR was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Daimler-Chrysler South Africa, and the State Chancellery Nordrhein-Westfalen/Germany. We thank Norman OwenSmith and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on previous versions of this article. This is publication number 639 of the Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology. NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 90 IS 9 BP 2467 EP 2479 DI 10.1890/08-1532.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484EF UT WOS:000269025700015 PM 19769125 ER PT J AU Witte, CC Wildhaber, ML Arab, A Noltie, DB AF Witte, C. C. Wildhaber, M. L. Arab, A. Noltie, D. B. TI Substrate choice of territorial male Topeka shiners (Notropis topeka) in the absence of sunfish (Lepomis sp.) SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fish; endangered; reproduction; behaviour; breeding ID REDFIN SHINER; UMBRATILIS; MINNOWS; NESTS AB Topeka shiners (Notropis topeka), an endangered minnow species, typically spawn on or around breeding Lepomis sunfish (Centrarchidae) nests. Why spawning Topeka shiners are attracted to these nests is unclear, but having the nesting sunfish provide shiner eggs with improved aeration, a lessening of siltation, and protection from egg predators are possibilities. We tested the substrate utilisation of Topeka shiners in outdoor tanks in the absence of sunfish to determine the shiner's fundamental choice. Shiners were provided with substrate patches of cleaned sand, small gravel, large gravel, and small cobble, and the bare floor of the tank. The substrate above which a male shiner established his territory was used as evidence of choice. A statistically significant choice for sand substrates was demonstrated. This fundamental choice might influence which sunfish nests Topeka shiners use, given that nest substrate characteristics differ both between sunfish species and within species by spawning site location. C1 [Witte, C. C.; Noltie, D. B.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Witte, C. C.; Wildhaber, M. L.; Arab, A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Witte, CC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ccw4c4@mizzou.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; The School of Natural Resources; Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey through its Science Support Program to promote the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recovery efforts for the Topeka shiner. The experimental animals were provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation's Lost Valley Fish Hatchery, Warsaw, MO. At CERC, Ann Allert, Steve Olson, James Fairchild, James Candrl, and David Whites provided logistical support during performance of the experiment. We thank Drs C.F. Rabeni and R.D. Semlitsch for pre-submission reviews of the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers helped improve the final version. DBN was supported at the University of Missouri-Columbia by The School of Natural Resources and the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. This is a contribution from the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (the U.S. Geological Survey, the Missouri Department of Conservation, The School of Natural Resources of the University of Missouri-Columbia, and the Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00351.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 482XV UT WOS:000268924900002 ER PT J AU Clemens, BJ van de Wetering, S Kaufman, J Holt, RA Schreck, CB AF Clemens, B. J. van de Wetering, S. Kaufman, J. Holt, R. A. Schreck, C. B. TI Do summer temperatures trigger spring maturation in Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus? SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Agnatha; body size; starvation; metabolism; reproduction; furunculosis ID RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREY; MIGRATION; MORTALITY; REPRODUCTION; RATES AB Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, return to streams and use somatic energy to fuel maturation. Body size decreases, the lamprey mature, spawn, and then die. We predicted that warm, summer temperatures (> 20 degrees C) would accentuate shrinkage in body size, and expedite sexual maturation and subsequent death. We compared fish reared in the laboratory at diel fluctuating temperatures of 20-24 degrees C (mean = 21.8 degrees C) with fish reared at cooler temperatures (13.6 degrees C). The results confirmed our predictions. Lamprey from the warm water group showed significantly greater proportional decreases in body weight following the summer temperature treatments than fish from the cool water group. A greater proportion of warm water fish sexually matured (100%) and died (97%) the following spring than cool water fish (53% sexually mature, 61% died). Females tended to mature and die earlier than males, most obviously in the warm water group. C1 [Clemens, B. J.; Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [van de Wetering, S.] Confederated Tribes Siletz Indians, Siletz, OR USA. [Holt, R. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaufman, J.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife Fish Hlth Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clemens, BJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ben.clemens@oregonstate.edu FU Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Indians; Department of Fisheries; Wildlife at Oregon State University FX Brett Blundon assisted with collection and tagging of lamprey, Rob Chitwood assisted with fish culture and Peter Sorensen provided advice on maintaining the pheromone milieu between tanks via recirculating water. Jen Bayer provided information on maturation characteristics of Pacific lamprey. David Noakes, Stacia Sower, Matt Mesa and Doug Markle provided useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Indians, Oregon Sea Grant and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 418 EP 426 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00358.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 482XV UT WOS:000268924900008 ER PT J AU Bizzotto, PM Godinho, AL Vono, V Kynard, B Godinho, HP AF Bizzotto, P. M. Godinho, A. L. Vono, V. Kynard, B. Godinho, H. P. TI Influence of seasonal, diel, lunar, and other environmental factors on upstream fish passage in the Igarapava Fish Ladder, Brazil SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE vertical-slot fish ladder; Neotropical fish passage; fish migration; Grande River; Parana River basin ID VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY; PARANA RIVER; REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY; SOUTH-AMERICA; ITAIPU DAM; PIMELODIDAE; SELECTION; RESERVOIR; PATTERNS; SYSTEM AB Upstream fish passage was evaluated during 12 months in the vertical-slot Igarapava Fish Ladder constructed around Igarapava Dam, in the heavily dammed Grande River, Southeast Brazil. A video monitoring system was used to observe 61,621 fish that passed the ladder, of which 93.5% were identified to 15 taxa. Among the migratory species, the most abundant were Pimelodus maculatus (33.6% of all fish), Leporinus octofasciatus (31.4%), Leporinus friderici (4.5%), and Prochilodus lineatus (3.1%). Seven taxa were classified as nonmigratory, and of these taxa, the small Bryconamericus stramineus was the most abundant (12.7%) of all fishes. Passage of the 'nonmigratory' taxa upstream in the ladder shows they are migratory in this system and have a strong behavioural drive to move to upstream habitat. Passage of most taxa had a strong seasonal pattern. While some species passed primarily during the day, others showed a distinct nocturnal pattern. Lunar phase and water temperature also strongly affected passage of some taxa. Rainfall and dam discharge had a small or null influence on most taxa; perhaps due to the fairly small catchment area of the reservoir and the highly regulated discharge at Igarapava Dam. C1 [Bizzotto, P. M.; Godinho, H. P.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, Grad Program Vertebrate Zool, BR-30535901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Godinho, A. L.; Vono, V.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Kynard, B.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Godinho, HP (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, Grad Program Vertebrate Zool, Av Dom Jose Gaspar 500, BR-30535901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM hgodinho@ufmg.br RI Godinho, Hugo/C-7146-2013; Godinho, Alexandre/G-5809-2012 OI Godinho, Hugo/0000-0001-9161-8014; FU Brazilian agencies CAPES; CNPq [521259/01-0]; CEMIG; FUNBIO FX We thank Igarapava Hydroelectric Consortium for allowing us to collect data at the Igarapava Fish Ladder; to the staff of Igarapava Dam for their willing help; to V. C. Amorim for her participation in the laboratory work; to the Brazilian agencies CAPES (for the scholarship granted to PMB), CNPq (Grant n degrees 521259/01-0), CEMIG, and FUNBIO for funding this work. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00361.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 482XV UT WOS:000268924900012 ER PT J AU Kelley, KD Wilkinson, JJ Chapman, JB Crowther, HL Weiss, DJ AF Kelley, K. D. Wilkinson, J. J. Chapman, J. B. Crowther, H. L. Weiss, D. J. TI ZINC ISOTOPES IN SPHALERITE FROM BASE METAL DEPOSITS IN THE RED DOG DISTRICT, NORTHERN ALASKA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZN-PB-AG; WESTERN BROOKS RANGE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; FLUIDS; MINERALIZATION; SETTINGS; BARITE; CU AB Analyses of sphalerite samples from shale-hosted massive Sulfide and stratigraphically underlying vein breccia deposits in the Red Dog district in northern Alaska show a range of delta(66)Zn values from zero to 0.60 per mil. The lowest values are observed in the vein breccia deposits, and the stratigraphically overlying (but Structurally displaced) shale-hosted massive sulfide deposits show a systematic trend of increasing delta(66)Zn values from south to north (Main-Aqqaluk-Paalaaq-Anarraaq). The delta(66)Zn values are inversely correlated with sphalerite Fe/Mn ratio and also tend to be higher in low Cu sphalerite, consistent with precipitation of lower delta(66)Zn sphalerite closer to the principal hydrothermal fluid conduits. The most likely control oil isotopic variation is Rayleigh fractionation during sulfide precipitation, with lighter zinc isotopes preferentially incorporated in the earliest sphalerite to precipitate from ore fluids at deeper levels (vein breccias) and close to the principal fluid conduits in the orebodies, followed by precipitation of sulfides with higher delta(66)Zn values in shallower and/or more distal parts of the flow path. There is no systematic variation among the paragenetic stages of sphalerite, from a single deposit, suggesting an isotopically homogeneous Zinc Source and consistent transport-deposition conditions and/or dissolution-reprecipitation of earlier sphalerite without significant fractionation. Decoupled Zn and S isotope compositions are best explained by mixing of separate metal- and sulfur-bearing fluids at the depositional site. The results confirm that Zn isotopes may be a useful tracer for distinguishing between the central and distal parts of large hydrothermal systems as previously suggested and could therefore be of use in exploration. C1 [Kelley, K. D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wilkinson, J. J.] Univ Tasmania, CODES, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Wilkinson, J. J.; Chapman, J. B.; Crowther, H. L.; Weiss, D. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Chapman, J. B.; Crowther, H. L.; Weiss, D. J.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kdkelley@usgs.gov RI Wilkinson, Jamie/E-7084-2012; OI Weiss, Dominik/0000-0001-8074-9430 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 32 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 104 IS 6 BP 767 EP 773 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 522OZ UT WOS:000272008900001 ER PT J AU Allert, AL Fairchild, JF Schmitt, CJ Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG Olson, SJ AF Allert, A. L. Fairchild, J. F. Schmitt, C. J. Besser, J. M. Brumbaugh, W. G. Olson, S. J. TI Effects of mining-derived metals on riffle-dwelling benthic fishes in Southeast Missouri, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Riffle-dwelling benthic fish; Sculpin; Density; Lead-zinc mining; Metals ID SCULPIN COTTUS-BAIRDI; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; MOTTLED SCULPIN; WARMWATER STREAM; CHRONIC TOXICITY; BANDED SCULPIN; SLIMY SCULPIN; HABITAT USE; LEAD BELT; ZINC AB We studied the ecological effects of mining-derived metals on riffle-dwelling benthic fishes at 16 sites in the Viburnum Trend lead-zinc mining district of southeast Missouri. Fish community attributes were compared to watershed features and to physical and chemical variables including metal concentrations in sediment pore water and fish. Ozark sculpin (Cottus hypselurus), rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum), Ozark madtom (Noturus albater), and banded sculpin (Cottus carolinae) were the most abundant fishes collected. Species richness and density of riffle-dwelling benthic fishes were negatively correlated with metal concentrations in pore water and in fish. Sculpin densities were also negatively correlated with metal concentrations in pore water and in fish, but positively correlated with distance from mines and upstream watershed area. These findings indicate that metals associated with active lead-zinc mining adversely affect riffle-dwelling benthic fishes downstream of mining areas in the Viburnum Trend. Sculpins may be useful as a sentinel species for assessing mining-related impacts on fish communities. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Allert, A. L.; Fairchild, J. F.; Schmitt, C. J.; Besser, J. M.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; Olson, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Allert, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM aallert@usgs.gov FU Mark Twain National Forest of southern Missouri, USA FX This study was part of a Congressionally funded investigation of the effects of mining in the Mark Twain National Forest of southern Missouri, USA. We thank the many private landowners who allowed access to the streams. USGS personnel who provided assistance were J. Arms, E. Brunson, K. Echols, C. Ivey, R. Jacobson, L. Johnson, S. Koppi, J. Kunz, T. May, L. Sappington, D. Stoppler, M. Struckhoff, C. Vishy, C. Lawler, M. Walters, N. Wilhemi, D. Whites, C. Witte, and R. Wright. Missouri Department of Conservation personnel who provided assistance were T. Boersig, M. Combes, S. Geringer, S. Herleth-King, P. Horner, W. Mabee, and J. Westhoff. We thank D. Harper, M. McKee, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Use of trade names does not constitute USGS or US Government endorsement. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1642 EP 1651 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.02.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 489CA UT WOS:000269395900003 PM 19570577 ER PT J AU Walsh, MR Hancock, SH Wilson, SJ Patil, SL Moridis, GJ Boswell, R Collett, TS Koh, CA Sloan, ED AF Walsh, Matthew R. Hancock, Steve H. Wilson, Scott J. Patil, Shirish L. Moridis, George J. Boswell, Ray Collett, Timothy S. Koh, Carolyn A. Sloan, E. Dendy TI Preliminary report on the commercial viability of gas production from natural gas hydrates SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Natural Gas Hydrates; Energy Security; Reservoir Simulation; Hydrate Economics; Uncertainty AB Economic studies on simulated gas hydrate reservoirs have been compiled to estimate the price of natural gas that may lead to economically viable production from the most promising gas hydrate accumulations. As a first estimate, $CDN2005 12/Mscf is the lowest gas price that would allow economically viable production from gas hydrates in the absence of associated free gas, while an underlying gas deposit will reduce the viability price estimate to $CDN2005 7.50/Mscf. Results from a recent analysis of the simulated production of natural gas from marine hydrate deposits are also considered in this report; on an IROR basis. it is $US2008 3.50-4.00/Mscf more expensive to produce marine hydrates than conventional marine gas assuming the existence of sufficiently large marine hydrate accumulations. While these prices represent the best available estimates, the economic evaluation of a specific project is highly dependent on the producibility of the target zone, the amount of gas in place, the associated geologic and depositional environment, existing pipeline infrastructure, and local tariffs and taxes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Walsh, Matthew R.; Koh, Carolyn A.; Sloan, E. Dendy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Patil, Shirish L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Petr Dev Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Moridis, George J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sloan, ED (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM esloan@mines.edu OI Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 EI 1873-6181 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 5 BP 815 EP 823 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2009.03.006 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 482XD UT WOS:000268923000019 ER PT J AU McGee, BL Pinkney, AE Velinsky, DJ Ashley, JTF Fisher, DJ Ferrington, LC Norberg-King, TJ AF McGee, Beth L. Pinkney, Alfred E. Velinsky, David J. Ashley, Jeffrey T. F. Fisher, Daniel J. Ferrington, Leonard C. Norberg-King, Teresa J. TI Using the Sediment Quality Triad to characterize baseline conditions in the Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Anacostia River; Sediment Quality Triad; Benthic community; Toxicity identification evaluation ID AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; TUMOR PREVALENCE; TOXICITY; CONTAMINATION; GUIDELINES; AREA; BIOMARKERS; MARYLAND; EXPOSURE; INDEX AB The Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) consists of complementary measures of sediment chemistry, benthic community structure, and sediment toxicity. We applied the SQT at 20 stations in the tidal portion of the Anacostia River from Bladensburg, MD to Washington, DC to establish a baseline of conditions to evaluate the effects of management actions. Sediment toxicity was assessed using 10-day survival and growth tests with the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca and the midge, Chironomus dilutus. Triplicate grabs were taken at each station for benthic community analysis and the Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) was used to interpret the data. Only one station, #92, exhibited toxicity related to sediment contamination. Sediments from this station significantly inhibited growth of both test species, had the highest concentrations of contaminants, and had a degraded benthic community, indicated by a B-IBI of less than 3. Additional sediment from this station was tested and sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures tentatively characterized organic compounds as the cause of toxicity. Overall, forty percent of the stations were classified as degraded by the B-IBI. However, qualitative and quantitative comparisons with sediment quality benchmarks indicated no clear relationship between benthic community health and contaminant concentrations. This study provides a baseline for assessing the effectiveness of management actions in the Anacostia River. C1 [McGee, Beth L.; Pinkney, Alfred E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Velinsky, David J.; Ashley, Jeffrey T. F.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Fisher, Daniel J.] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. [Ferrington, Leonard C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Norberg-King, Teresa J.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM Fred_Pinkney@fws.gov FU Anacostia Watershed Toxics Alliance FX We thank our US Fish and Wildlife Service colleagues, Peter McGowan, Dan Murphy and Julie Thompson for assistance with the field work, and Leslie Gerlich for preparing the figures. The comments of the reviewers are greatly appreciated. Funding was provided by the Anacostia Watershed Toxics Alliance. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1-4 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0462-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480ZQ UT WOS:000268776400004 PM 18677546 ER PT J AU Regular, PM Shuhood, F Power, T Montevecchi, WA Robertson, GJ Ballam, D Piatt, JF Nakashima, B AF Regular, P. M. Shuhood, F. Power, T. Montevecchi, W. A. Robertson, G. J. Ballam, D. Piatt, J. F. Nakashima, B. TI Murres, capelin and ocean climate: inter-annual associations across a decadal shift SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Capelin; Life history; Murres (Uria aalge); NAO; Northwest Atlantic; Ocean climate; Oceanography; Reproductive timing ID MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; SEABIRDS; NEWFOUNDLAND; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEM; COLLAPSE; SIGNALS; FISH AB To ensure energy demands for reproduction are met, it is essential that marine birds breed during periods of peak food availability. We examined associations of the breeding chronology of common murres (Uria aalge) with the timing of the inshore arrival of their primary prey, capelin (Mallotus villosus) from 1980 to 2006 across a period of pervasive change in the Northwest Atlantic ecosystem. We also assessed the influence of ocean temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; an index of winter climate and oceanography) on these interactions. We found a lagged linear relationship between variations in murre breeding chronology and the timing of capelin arrival in the previous year. On a decadal level, we found a non-linear threshold relationship between ocean temperature and the timing of capelin arrival and murre breeding. Centennially anomalous cold water temperatures in 1991 generated a marked shift in the timing of capelin spawning inshore and murre breeding, delaying both by more than 2 weeks. By the mid-1990s, ocean temperatures returned to pre-perturbation levels, whereas the temporal breeding responses of capelin and murres were delayed for a decade or more. Oceanographic conditions (temperature, NAO) were poor predictors of the timing of capelin arrival inshore in the current year compared to the previous one. Our findings suggest that knowledge of the timing of capelin availability in the previous year provides a robust cue for the long-lived murres, allowing them to achieve temporal overlap between breeding and peak capelin availability. C1 [Regular, P. M.; Montevecchi, W. A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Cognit & Behav Ecol Program, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Shuhood, F.; Power, T.] Govt Newfoundland & Labrador, Dept Environm & Conservat, Pk & Nat Areas Div, Deer Lake, NF A8A 2A3, Canada. [Robertson, G. J.] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. [Ballam, D.] Nat Conservancy Canada, St John, NF A1A 1W8, Canada. [Piatt, J. F.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Nakashima, B.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Canada NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. RP Regular, PM (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Cognit & Behav Ecol Program, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. EM paul.regular@mun.ca NR 39 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1-4 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0484-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480ZQ UT WOS:000268776400022 PM 18781391 ER PT J AU Sun, WJ Sierra-Alvarez, R Milner, L Oremland, R Field, JA AF Sun, Wenjie Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes Milner, Lily Oremland, Ron Field, Jim A. TI Arsenite and Ferrous Iron Oxidation Linked to Chemolithotrophic Denitrification for the Immobilization of Arsenic in Anoxic Environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED ALUMINA; CLAY-MINERALS; OXIDASE GENES; NEUTRAL PH; ADSORPTION; WATER; GROUNDWATER; SORPTION; NITRATE; MOBILIZATION AB The objective of this study was to explore a bioremediation strategy based on injecting NO3- to support the anoxic oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe(II)) and arsenite (As(III)) in the subsurface as a means to immobilize As in the form of arsenate (As(V)) adsorbed onto biogenic ferric (Fe(III)) (hydr)oxides. Continuous flow sand filled columns were used to simulate a natural anaerobic groundwater and sediment system with co-occurring As(III) and Fe(II) in the presence (column SFI) or absence (column SF2) of nitrate, respectively. During operation for 250 days, the average influent arsenic concentration of 567 mu g L-1 was reduced to 10.6 (+/- 9.6) mu g L-1 in the effluent of column SR The cumulative removal of Fe(II) and As(III) in SF1 was 6.5 to 10-fold higher than that in SF2. Extraction and measurement of the mass of iron and arsenic immobilized on the sand packing of the columns were close to the iron and arsenic removed from the aqueous phase during column operation. The dominant speciation of the immobilized iron and arsenic was Fe(III) and As(V) in SF1, compared with Fe(II) and As(III) in SF2. The speciation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that microbial oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) linked to denitrification resulted in the enhanced immobilization of aqueous arsenic in anaerobic environments by forming Fe(III) (hydr)oxide coated sands with adsorbed As(V). C1 [Sun, Wenjie; Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes; Milner, Lily; Field, Jim A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Oremland, Ron] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Field, JA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jimfield@email.arizona.edu RI Sun, Wenjie/D-5075-2013; Field, Jim/N-9373-2015 OI Field, Jim/0000-0001-8704-3289 FU USGS; National Institute for Water Resources 104G [2005AZ114G]; NIEHS-supported Superfund Basic Research Program [NIH ES-04940] FX The work presented here was funded by a USGS, National Institute for Water Resources 104G Grant (2005AZ114G) and by a grant of the NIEHS-supported Superfund Basic Research Program (NIH ES-04940). The use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey, Authors are grateful to Estefania Marcos for some of the experimental work. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 6585 EP 6591 DI 10.1021/es900978h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487GB UT WOS:000269258000028 PM 19764221 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Klimstra, JD Stebbins, KR AF Heinz, Gary H. Hoffman, David J. Klimstra, Jon D. Stebbins, Katherine R. TI RAPID INCREASES IN MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS IN THE EGGS OF MALLARDS FED METHYLMERCURY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Eggs; Accumulation; Mallards; Anas platyrhynchos ID LOWER CARSON RIVER; COMMON LOONS; SNOWY EGRET; EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTION; DROUGHT; NEVADA AB To determine how quickly breeding birds would have to feed in a mercury-contaminated area before harmful concentrations of mercury, as methylmercury, built up in their eggs, we fed female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) a control diet or diets containing 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mu g/g mercury (on what was close to a dry weight basis) as methylmercury chloride for 23 d. After 18 d on their respective mercury diets, the eggs of mallards fed 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mu g/g mercury contained 97.8, 86.0, 89.9, 88.9, and 85.9%, respectively, of the peak concentrations reached after 23 d. Depending on the dietary concentration of mercury, no more than approximately a week may be required for harmful concentrations (0.5 -0.8 mu g/g, wet weight) to be excreted into eggs. C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gheinz@usgs.gov FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12]; U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1979 EP 1981 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 482HT UT WOS:000268876200025 PM 19374476 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ de Fontaine, CS Brown, TA AF Drexler, Judith Z. de Fontaine, Christian S. Brown, Thomas A. TI Peat Accretion Histories During the Past 6,000 Years in Marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, CA, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Autocompaction; Radiocarbon age determination; Sea level rise; Soil volume; Tidal freshwater marsh; Vertical accretion ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; FRESH-WATER MARSH; TIDAL MARSH; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SEDIMENTATION-RATES; VERTICAL ACCRETION; AGE CALIBRATION; YANGTZE-RIVER AB The purpose of this study was to determine how vertical accretion rates in marshes vary through the millennia. Peat cores were collected in remnant and drained marshes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Cubic smooth spline regression models were used to construct age-depth models and accretion histories for three remnant marshes. Estimated vertical accretion rates at these sites range from 0.03 to 0.49 cm year(-1). The mean contribution of organic matter to soil volume at the remnant marsh sites is generally stable (4.73% to 6.94%), whereas the mean contribution of inorganic matter to soil volume has greater temporal variability (1.40% to 7.92%). The hydrogeomorphic position of each marsh largely determines the inorganic content of peat. Currently, the remnant marshes are keeping pace with sea level rise, but this balance may shift for at least one of the sites under future sea level rise scenarios. C1 [Drexler, Judith Z.; de Fontaine, Christian S.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Brown, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov; tabrown@llnl.gov FU CALFED Science Program of the State of California Resources Agency [F-O3-RE-029]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This study was funded by the CALFED Science Program of the State of California Resources Agency, Agreement #F-O3-RE-029. This work was performed, in part, under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We thank Jim Orlando, Jacob Fleck, Matt Kerlin, Curt Battenfeld, Stephanie Wong, Patricia Orlando, and Nicole Lunning for their help in the field and/or lab. Greg Pasternack of the University of California, Davis generously provided laboratory facilities for much of the analyses. Michelle Sneed, Gerald Bawden, and Marti Ikehara provided critical guidance with the elevation survey. We are grateful to S. Galen Smith, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, for offering his help and expertise in achene identification. We also thank Anna Frampton for Polish translation and Neil Willits (Department of Statistics, UC Davis) for statistical guidance. Finally, we are thankful for the excellent reviews by Don Cahoon, Brian Atwater, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 86 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 871 EP 892 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9202-8 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 482PP UT WOS:000268901500004 ER PT J AU Tinker, MT Mangel, M Estes, JA AF Tinker, M. Tim Mangel, Marc Estes, James A. TI Learning to be different: acquired skills, social learning, frequency dependence, and environmental variation can cause behaviourally mediated foraging specializations SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE culture; dynamic; foraging; individual; model; specialization ID PREY SELECTION; BUMBLE-BEES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SEA OTTERS; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION; BLUEGILL SUNFISH; FLOWER CONSTANCY; OPTIMAL DIETS; ORCINUS-ORCA AB Question: How does the ability to improve foraging skills by learning, and to transfer that learned knowledge, affect the development of intra-population foraging specializations? Features of the model: We use both a state-dependent life-history model implemented by stochastic dynamic programming (SDPM) and an individual-based model (IBM) to capture the dynamic nature of behavioural preferences in feeding. Variables in the SDPM include energy reserves, skill levels, energy and handling time per single prey item, metabolic rate, the rates at which skills are learned and forgotten, the effect of skills on handling time, and the relationship between energy reserves and fitness. Additional variables in the IBM include the probability of successful weaning, the logistic dynamics of the prey species with stochastic recruitment, the intensity of top-down control of prey by predators, the mean and variance in skill levels of new recruits, and the extent to which learned information can be transmitted via matrilineal social learning. Key range of variables: We explore the effects of approaching the time horizon in the SDPM, changing the extent to which skills can improve with experience, increasing the rates of learning or forgetting of skills, changing whether the learning curve is constant, accelerating ('J'-shaped) or decelerating ('r'-shaped), changing both mean and maximum possible energy reserves, changing metabolic costs of foraging, and changing the rate of encounter with prey. Conclusions: The model results show that the following factors increase the degree of prey specialization observed in a predator population: (1) Experience handling a prey type can substantially improve foraging skills for that prey. (2) There is limited ability to retain complex learned skills for multiple prey types. (3) The learning curve for acquiring new foraging skills is accelerating, or J-shaped. (4) The metabolic costs of foraging are high relative to available energy reserves. (5) Offspring can learn foraging skills from their mothers (matrilineal social learning). (6) Food abundance is limited, such that average individual energy reserves are low Additionally, the following factors increase the likelihood of alternative specializations co-occurring in a predator population: (1) The predator exerts effective top-down control of prey abundance, resulting in frequency-dependent dynamics. (2) There is stochastic variation in prey population dynamics, but this variation is neither too extreme in magnitude nor too 'slow' with respect to the time required for an individual forager to learn new foraging skills. For a given predator population, we deduce that the degree of specialization will be highest for those prey types requifing complex capture or handling skills, while prey species that are both profitable and easy to capture and handle will be included in the diet of all individuals. Frequency-dependent benefits of selecting alternative prey types, combined with the ability of foragers to improve their foraging skills by learning, and transmit learned skills to offspring, can result in behaviourally mediated foraging specialization, and also lead to the co-existence of alternative specializations. The extent of such specialization is predicted to be a variable trait, increasing in locations or years when intra-specific competition is high relative to inter-specific competition. C1 [Tinker, M. Tim; Estes, James A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Tinker, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffter Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tinker@biology.ucsc.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 NR 92 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 62 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 841 EP 869 PG 29 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 510JE UT WOS:000271083600001 ER PT J AU Martinez, PJ Bigelow, PE Deleray, MA Fredenberg, WA Hansen, BS Horner, NJ Lehr, SK Schneidervin, RW Tolentino, SA Viola, AE AF Martinez, Patrick J. Bigelow, Patricia E. Deleray, Mark A. Fredenberg, Wade A. Hansen, Barry S. Horner, Ned J. Lehr, Stafford K. Schneidervin, Roger W. Tolentino, Scott A. Viola, Art E. TI Western Lake Trout Woes SO FISHERIES LA English DT Review ID FLAMING-GORGE RESERVOIR; NATIVE CUTTHROAT TROUT; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; YELLOWSTONE-LAKE; MYSIS-RELICTA; FLATHEAD LAKE; CALIFORNIA-NEVADA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; LIFE-HISTORY AB In the western United States, the ability of non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to attain large sizes, > 18 kg under favorable conditions, fueled the popularity of lake trout fisheries. In the past, restrictive regulations were adopted to increase lake trout abundance and produce trophy specimens. More recently, lake trout have become increasingly problematic because they prey upon and potentially compete with native and sport fishes. We review the experiences of agencies in seven western states which are considering or implementing strategies to address lake trout impacts despite management difficulties due to mixed public perception about lake trout's complex interactions with native or introduced fauna. Special regulations protecting lake trout have often been liberalized or rescinded to encourage their harvest and reduce their negative effects. More intensive methods to control or reduce lake trout abundance include promoting or requiring lake trout harvest, commercial-scale netting, disrupting spawning, and stocking sterile lake trout. C1 [Martinez, Patrick J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Bigelow, Patricia E.] Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA. [Deleray, Mark A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT USA. [Fredenberg, Wade A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kalispell, MT USA. [Hansen, Barry S.] Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes, Pablo, MT USA. [Horner, Ned J.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID USA. [Lehr, Stafford K.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. [Schneidervin, Roger W.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Vernal City, UT USA. [Tolentino, Scott A.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Garden City, NY USA. [Viola, Art E.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Martinez, PJ (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, Grand Junction, CO USA. EM Pat.Martinez@state.co.us NR 132 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 9 BP 424 EP 442 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.9.424 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522VE UT WOS:000272026300005 ER PT J AU Funk, CC Brown, ME AF Funk, Chris C. Brown, Molly E. TI Declining global per capita agricultural production and warming oceans threaten food security SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Global food security; Food availability; Agricultural production; Agricultural development; Climate change; Drought; Population growth ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AFRICA AB Despite accelerating globalization, most people still eat food that is grown locally. Developing countries with weak purchasing power tend to import as little food as possible from global markets, suffering consumption deficits during times of high prices or production declines. Local agricultural production, therefore, is critical to both food security and economic development among the rural poor. The level of local agricultural production, in turn, will be determined by the amount and quality of arable land, the amount and quality of agricultural inputs (fertilizer, seeds, pesticides, etc.), as well as farm-related technology, practices and policies. This paper discusses several emerging threats to global and regional food security, including declining yield gains that are failing to keep up with population increases, and warming in the tropical Indian Ocean and its impact on rainfall. If yields continue to grow more slowly than per capita harvested area, parts of Africa, Asia and Central and Southern America will experience substantial declines in per capita cereal production. Global per capita cereal production will potentially decline by 14% between 2008 and 2030. Climate change is likely to further affect food production, particularly in regions that have very low yields due to lack of technology. Drought, caused by anthropogenic warming in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, may also reduce 21st century food availability in some countries by disrupting moisture transports and bringing down dry air over crop growing areas. The impacts of these circulation changes over Asia remain uncertain. For Africa, however, Indian Ocean warming appears to have already reduced rainfall during the main growing season along the eastern edge of tropical Africa, from southern Somalia to northern parts of the Republic of South Africa. Through a combination of quantitative modeling of food balances and an examination of climate change, this study presents an analysis of emerging threats to global food security. C1 [Funk, Chris C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 96105 USA. [Brown, Molly E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Funk, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Dept Geog, Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 96105 USA. EM cfunk@usgs.gov RI Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013 OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314 FU US Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System Network; NASA Precipitation Monitoring Mission [NNX07AG26G]; NASA [NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-C] FX The authors would like to sincerely thank our anonymous reviewers, as well as colleagues from the USGS who graciously supplied their comments. Without their efforts this paper would be much less coherent. We would also like to express our gratitude to the UN Food and Agricultural Organization and the Program for Climate Model Diagnostics and Intercomparison for providing, respectively, access to the agriculture and climate modeling data used in this study. This research has been supported by funding from the US Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System Network, the NASA Precipitation Monitoring Mission (grant NNX07AG26G), and a NASA decision support project (Cooperative Agreement Notice NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-C). NR 26 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 EI 1876-4525 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 271 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s12571-009-0026-y PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 675WE UT WOS:000283870600005 ER PT J AU Corace, RG Goebel, PC Hix, DM Casselman, T Seefelt, NE AF Corace, R. Gregory, III Goebel, P. Charles Hix, David M. Casselman, Tracy Seefelt, Nancy E. TI Ecological forestry at National Wildlife Refuges: Experiences from Seney National Wildlife Refuge and Kirtland's Warbler Wildlife Management Area, USA SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE ecological forestry; forest restoration; Kirtland's warbler; National Wildlife Refuge; US Fish and Wildlife Service ID UPPER MICHIGAN; UPPER PENINSULA; FIRE HISTORY; CONSERVATION; INTEGRITY; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM; SYSTEM; RANGE AB Although land management over much of the history of the US. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) has emphasized single-species management, recent policy has encouraged land managers to focus on broader ecosystem restoration goals. One framework for forest ecosystem management that is becoming more popular in the NWRS and other federal and state resource agencies has been termed "ecological forestry"-an approach to forest ecosystem management where the focus is on incorporating an understanding of the outcomes of natural disturbances and stand development processes into designing silvicultural practices. This approach stresses understanding the effects of natural disturbances on biological legacies, structural and compositional heterogeneity, and the recovery periods between disturbance events (including how this recovery period influences stand complexity). Recently, resource managers and ecologists from Seney National Wildlife Refuge, The Ohio State University, and Central Michigan University have partnered to examine how these guiding principles can be integrated into NWRS forest ecosystem management. Specifically, we are partnering to develop management strategies to help: 1) restore the once extensive mixed-pine forest ecosystems of eastern Upper Michigan; 2) mitigate the effects of the beech-bark disease complex on American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), a foundation species in northern hardwood forests of eastern North America; and 3) promote more natural forest patterns for wildlife species of young jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest ecosystems, including the federally endangered Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii). These efforts are ongoing and will continue to be monitored over time. However, initial collaborations suggest that the NWRS provides an excellent crucible to study the application of ecological forestry principles and develop novel ways to manage forest ecosystems. C1 [Corace, R. Gregory, III; Casselman, Tracy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hix, David M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Seefelt, Nancy E.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Corace, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1674 Refuge Entrance Rd, Seney, MI 49883 USA. EM Greg_Corace@fws.gov RI Hix, David/B-3228-2012; Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 695 EP 701 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 515FA UT WOS:000271451800015 ER PT J AU Larson, ER Magoulick, DD Turner, C Laycock, KH AF Larson, Eric R. Magoulick, Daniel D. Turner, Clinton Laycock, Kelly H. TI Disturbance and species displacement: different tolerances to stream drying and desiccation in a native and an invasive crayfish SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crayfish; disturbance; invasive species; Orconectes; stream drying ID SPRING RIVER DRAINAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; ORCONECTES-EUPUNCTUS; LIFE-HISTORY; FLOW REGIMES; HABITAT USE; DROUGHT; FISH; COMPETITION AB P>1. Crayfish are among the most threatened taxa in the world and invasive crayfish are the primary cause of the decline of native crayfish. Most research has emphasised biotic interactions as the mechanism by which native crayfish are displaced by invasives, although crayfish occupy variable environments and the role of disturbance in facilitating crayfish invasion and displacement is understudied. 2. We compared tolerance to a disturbance, stream drying, in a native and invasive crayfish as a potential mechanism to explain their distribution. Our experiments and observations were conducted across scales, from laboratory environmental chambers to stream mesocosms to field sampling. We hypothesised that the invasive crayfish would be more tolerant of desiccation than the native, and that this physiological distinction between the two would be reflected in their distribution in relation to stream drying. 3. In the laboratory, the native crayfish Orconectes eupunctus was less tolerant of desiccation than the invasive Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus, with all native crayfish dying within 2 days without water, while some of the invasive crayfish survived for nearly 2 weeks. Under simulated stream drying in mesocosms, only the native O. eupunctus survived less well than in a control. Field sampling demonstrated a significant negative relationship between O. eupunctus density and low summer flows, while O. neglectus density was positively associated with low summer flows. The greater resistance of O. neglectus to drying could, through priority effects, inhibit recolonisation by O. eupunctus once flow resumes. 4. Abiotic disturbances are potentially important to the displacement of native by invasive crayfish. Disturbance mediated displacement of aquatic species provides both an opportunity to conserve native species by maintaining or restoring habitat and disturbance regimes and is also a challenge due to increasing human water demand, flow regime alteration and global climate change. C1 [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Larson, Eric R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Turner, Clinton] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Laycock, Kelly H.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu RI Larson, Eric/H-3528-2012; Larson, Eric/P-8253-2016 OI Larson, Eric/0000-0002-9232-5907 FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; University of Arkansas; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was supported by a grant from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. We thank the many land owners who provided river access for crayfish collections and field sampling. R. J. DiStefano provided access to unpublished MDC sampling data. M. Akasaka, C. A. Flinders, A. G. Hildrew, D. G. Jenkins and two anonymous reviewers made comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. E. R. Larson was supported during analysis and writing of this manuscript at the University of Washington by a Victor and Tamarra Loosanoff Fellowship and Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS). The Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the University of Arkansas, U.S. Geological Survey, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1899 EP 1908 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02243.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 481FB UT WOS:000268791700009 ER PT J AU Li, SW Mendelssohn, IA Chen, HJ Orem, WH AF Li, Shuwen Mendelssohn, Irving A. Chen, Hongjun Orem, William H. TI Does sulphate enrichment promote the expansion of Typha domingensis (cattail) in the Florida Everglades?(1) SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cladium; Everglades; growth; sulphide toxicity; Typha ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; PORE-WATER; SULFIDE; SOIL; ROOTS; MACROPHYTES; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY AB P>1. The expansion of Typha domingensis into areas once dominated by Cladium jamaicense in the Florida Everglades has been attributed to altered hydrology and phosphorus enrichment, although increased concentrations of sulphate and phosphorus often coincide. The potential importance of hydrogen sulphide produced from sulphate in the expansion of Typha has received little attention. The present study aimed to quantify the comparative growth and photosynthetic responses of Cladium and Typha to sulphate/sulphide. 2. Laboratory experiments showed that Cladium is less tolerant of sulphide than Typha. Cladium was adversely affected at sulphide concentrations of approximately 0.22 mm, while Typha continued to grow well and appeared healthy up to 0.69 mm sulphide. 3. Experiments in field mesocosms provided strong support for species-specific differences in physiology and growth. Regardless of interstitial sulphide concentrations attained, Typha grew faster and had a higher photosynthetic capacity than Cladium. However, sulphide concentrations in the mesocosms reached only 0.18 mm which, based on the hydroponic study, was insufficient to affect the growth or photosynthetic responses of either species. Nevertheless, the upper range of sulphide (0.25-0.375 mm) in Everglades' soil is high enough, based on our results, to impact Cladium but not Typha. 4. This research supports the hypothesis that sulphide accumulation could affect plant species differentially and modify species composition. Consequently, the role of sulphate loading should be considered, in conjunction with hydroperiod, phosphorus availability and disturbances, in developing future management plans for the Everglades. C1 [Li, Shuwen; Mendelssohn, Irving A.; Chen, Hongjun] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Mendelssohn, IA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM imendel@lsu.edu NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1909 EP 1923 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02242.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 481FB UT WOS:000268791700010 ER PT J AU Contreras, DA Keefer, DK AF Contreras, Daniel A. Keefer, David K. TI Implications of the Fluvial History of the Wacheqsa River for Hydrologic Engineering and Water Use at Chavin de Huantar, Peru SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; IRRIGATION CANALS; PROGRAM AB Channeling of water through a variety of architectural features represents a significant engineering investment at the fist millennium B.C. ceremonial center of Chavin de Huantar in the Peruvian Central Andes. The site contains extensive evidence of the manipulation of water, apparently for diverse purposes. The present configuration of the two local rivers, however, keeps available water approximately 9 in below the highest level of water-bearing infrastructure in the site. Geomorphic and archaeological investigation of the fluvial history of the Wacheqsa River has revealed evidence that the Chavin-era configuration of the Wacheqsa River was different. A substantially higher water level, likely the result of a local impoundment of river water caused by a landslide dam, made the provision of water for the hydrologic system within the site a more readily practical possibility. We review what is known of that system and argue that the fluvial history of the Wacheqsa River is critical to understanding this aspect of hydrologic engineering and ritual practice at Chavin. This study demonstrates the relative rapidity and archaeological relevance of landscape change in a dynamic environment. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Contreras, Daniel A.] Stanford Univ, Archaeol Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Keefer, David K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Contreras, DA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Archaeol Ctr, POB 20446, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM dcontre@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement [0532350]; Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences Graduate Research Opportunity; Amherst College Memorial Fellowship; Explorers Club Exploration Fund; American Philosophical Society FX The fieldwork involved in this research was carried out as part of John Rick's ongoing Stanford University research project at Chavin de Huantar, and we thank him for his support and generosity. Funding for the major season of field research in 2005 was provided by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (#0532350), with additional support from a Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences Graduate Research Opportunity Grant, and an Amherst College Memorial Fellowship. The Explorers Club Exploration Fund and a Lewis and Clark Field Scholar Grant from the American Philosophical Society provided funding for follow-up work in 2006. We were also, of course, supported in the field by colleagues, students, and local residents too numerous to name. Particularly deserving of mention for their help are Maria Mendoza, Christian Mesia, Patricia Quinonez, and Franklin Romero; the excavation itself would have been impossible without the expert work of Zosimo Melgarejo, Alvaro Llanos, and many others. The Stanford Archaeological Project was possible thanks to the approval and support of the national (Lima) and regional (Huaraz) offices of Peru's Instituto Nacional de Cultura. The text of this article has been much improved thanks to the constructive criticism of Kenneth Lajoie, John Rick, Robert Schuster, three anonymous reviewers, and the editors. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0883-6353 J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY JI Geoarchaeology PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 589 EP 618 DI 10.1002/gea.20279 PG 30 WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Geology GA 489DQ UT WOS:000269400400004 ER PT J AU Amelin, Y Connelly, J Zartman, RE Chen, JH Gopel, C Neymark, LA AF Amelin, Y. Connelly, J. Zartman, R. E. Chen, J. H. Goepel, C. Neymark, L. A. TI Modern U-Pb chronometry of meteorites: Advancing to higher time resolution reveals new problems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; MN-53-CR-53 SYSTEMATICS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; COOLING HISTORY; CORE FORMATION; PARENT BODY; AGE; ACCRETION; ALLENDE; LEAD AB In this paper, we evaluate the factors that influence the accuracy of lead (Pb)-isotopic ages of meteorites, and may possibly be responsible for inconsistencies between Pb-isotopic and extinct nuclide timescales of the early Solar System: instrumental mass fractionation and other possible analytical sources of error, presence of more than one component of non-radiogenic Pb, migration of ancient radiogenic Pb by diffusion and other mechanisms, possible heterogeneity of the isotopic composition of uranium (U), uncertainties in the decay constants of uranium isotopes, possible presence of "freshly synthesized" actinides with short half-life (e.g. (234)U) in the early Solar System, possible initial disequilibrium in the uranium decay chains, and potential fractionation of radiogenic Pb isotopes and U isotopes caused by alpha-recoil and subsequent laboratory treatment. We review the use of (232)Th/(238)U values to assist in making accurate interpretations of the U-Pb ages of meteorite components. We discuss recently published U-Pb dates of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), and their apparent disagreement with the extinct nuclide dates, in the context of capability and common pitfalls in modern meteorite chronology. Finally, we discuss the requirements of meteorites that are intended to be used as the reference points in building a consistent time scale of the early Solar System, based on the combined use of the U-Pb system and extinct nuclide chronometers. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Amelin, Y.] Australian Natl Univ, Planetary Sci Inst, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Amelin, Y.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Connelly, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Connelly, J.] Geol Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Zartman, R. E.] MIT, EAPS, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chen, J. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Goepel, C.] IPGP, Lab Geochim & Cosmochim, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Neymark, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Amelin, Y (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Planetary Sci Inst, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM yuri.amelin@anu.edu.au; connelly@mail.utexas.edu; rzartman@mit.edu; James.H.Chen@jpl.nasa.gov; gopel@ipgp.jussieu.fr; lneymark@usgs.gov RI Connelly, James /O-7996-2015 NR 65 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 17 BP 5212 EP 5223 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.040 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 484LX UT WOS:000269047700015 ER PT J AU Amato, JM Toro, J Miller, EL Gehrels, GE Farmer, GL Gottlieb, ES Till, AB AF Amato, Jeffrey M. Toro, Jaime Miller, Elizabeth L. Gehrels, George E. Farmer, G. Lang Gottlieb, Eric S. Till, Alison B. TI Late Proterozoic-Paleozoic evolution of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane based on U-Pb igneous and detrital zircon ages: Implications for Neoproterozoic paleogeographic reconstructions SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PERI-GONDWANAN TERRANES; KIGLUAIK GNEISS DOME; BREAK-UP; WINDERMERE SUPERGROUP; ISOTOPIC VARIATIONS; WESTERN LAURENTIA; SEWARD PENINSULA; NORTHERN ALASKA; BALTICA; RODINIA AB The Seward Peninsula of northwestern Alaska is part of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane, a crustal fragment exotic to western Laurentia with an uncertain origin and pre-Mesozoic evolution. U-Pb zircon geochronology on deformed igneous rocks reveals a previously unknown intermediate-felsic volcanic event at 870 Ma, coeval with rift-related magmatism associated with early breakup of eastern Rodinia. Orthogneiss bodies on Seward Peninsula yielded numerous 680 Ma U-Pb ages. The Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane has pre-Neoproterozoic basement based on Mesoproterozoic Nd model ages from both 870 Ma and 680 Ma igneous rocks, and detrital zircon ages between 2.0 and 1.0 Ga in overlying cover rocks. Small-volume magmatism occurred in Devonian time, based on U-Pb dating of granitic rocks. U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in 12 samples of metamorphosed Paleozoic siliciclastic cover rocks to this basement indicates that the dominant zircon age populations in the 934 zircons analyzed are found in the range 700-540 Ma, with prominent peaks at 720-660 Ma, 620-590 Ma, 560-510 Ma, 485 Ma, and 440-400 Ma. Devonian- and Pennsylvanian-age peaks are present in the samples with the youngest detrital zircons. These data show that the Seward Peninsula is exotic to western Laurentia because of the abundance of Neoproterozoic detrital zircons, which are rare or absent in Lower Paleozoic Cordilleran continental shelf rocks. Maximum depositional ages inferred from the youngest detrital age peaks include latest Proterozoic-Early Cambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Pennsylvanian. These maximum depositional ages overlap with conodont ages reported from fossiliferous carbonate rocks on Seward Peninsula. The distinctive features of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane include Neoproterozoic felsic magmatic rocks intruding 2.0-1.1 Ga crust overlain by Paleozoic carbonate rocks and Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks with Neoproterozoic detrital zircons. The Neoproterozoic ages are similar to those in the peri-Gondwanan Avalonian-Cadomian arc system, the Timanide orogen of Baltica, and other circum-Arctic terranes that were proximal to Arctic Alaska prior to the opening of the Amerasian basin in the Early Cretaceous. Our Neoproterozoic reconstruction places the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane in a position near Baltica, northeast of Laurentia, in an arc system along strike with the Avalonian-Cadomian arc terranes. Previously published faunal data indicate that Seward Peninsula had Siberian and Laurentian links by Early Ordovician time. The geologic links between the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane and eastern Laurentia, Baltica, peri-Gondwanan arc terranes, and Siberia from the Paleoproterozoic to the Paleozoic help to constrain paleogeographic models from the Neoproterozoic history of Rodinia to the Mesozoic opening of the Arctic basin. C1 [Amato, Jeffrey M.; Gottlieb, Eric S.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Toro, Jaime] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Miller, Elizabeth L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gehrels, George E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Till, Alison B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Amato, JM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM amato@nmsu.edu FU U. S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (EDMAP) [07HQAG0048]; New Mexico State University College of Arts and Sciences; Institute for Tectonic Studies; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0443387] FX This research was partially supported by grants from the U. S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (EDMAP), under assistance award no. 07HQAG0048, the New Mexico State University College of Arts and Sciences, and the Institute for Tectonic Studies. National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-0443387 supported the Arizona LaserChron Center. Victor Valencia helped acquire some of the detrital zircon data. Alaska State Geologist Robert Swenson facilitated the submission of the U. S. Geological Survey EDMAP proposal. Melanie Werdon of the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys collected sample BM1. J. R. Hennessey, Alex Patthoff, and Frank Graf assisted with field work. Trey Becker performed many of the mineral separations. The U. S. Geological Survey provided logistical support in the field and contributed funding for analyses. Discussions with Julie Dumoulin, Tom Moore, and Joseph Meert are appreciated. J. D. Keppie, R. D. Nance, and J. K. Mortensen provided constructive and detailed reviews that improved both the text and figures. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. government. NR 98 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 9-10 BP 1219 EP 1235 DI 10.1130/B26510.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 478QZ UT WOS:000268604300001 ER PT J AU Caine, JS Minor, SA AF Caine, Jonathan Saul Minor, Scott A. TI Structural and geochemical characteristics of faulted sediments and inferences on the role of water in deformation, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POORLY LITHIFIED SEDIMENTS; FLUID-FLOW; PERMEABILITY STRUCTURE; ALBUQUERQUE BASIN; ZONE ARCHITECTURE; CLAY SMEAR; CALIFORNIA; SANDSTONE; GOUGE; HETEROGENEITY AB The San Ysidro fault is a spectacularly exposed normal fault located in the northwestern Albuquerque Basin of the Rio Grande Rift. This intrabasin fault is representative of many faults that formed in poorly lithified sediments throughout the rift. The fault is exposed over nearly 10 km and accommodates nearly 700 m of dip slip in sub horizontal, siliciclastic sediments. The extent of the exposure facilitates study of along-strike variations in deformation mechanisms, architecture, geochemistry, and permeability. The fault is composed of structural and hydrogeologic components that include a clay-rich fault core, a calcite-cemented mixed zone, and a poorly developed damage zone primarily consisting of deformation bands. Structural textures suggest that initial deformation in the fault occurred at low temperature and pressure, was within the paleosaturated zone of the evolving Rio Grande Rift, and was dominated by particulate flow. Little geochemical change is apparent across the fault zone other than due to secondary processes. The lack of fault-related geochemical change is interpreted to reflect the fundamental nature of water-saturated, particulate flow. Early mechanical entrainment of low-permeability clays into the fault core likely caused damming of groundwater flow on the up-gradient, footwall side of the fault. This may have caused a pressure gradient and flow of calcite-saturated waters in higher-permeability, fault-entrained siliciclastic sediments, ultimately promoting their cementation by sparry calcite. Once developed, the cemented and clay-rich fault has likely been, and continues to be, a partial barrier to cross-fault groundwater flow, as suggested by petrophysical measurements. Aeromagnetic data indicate that there may be many more unmapped faults with similar lengths to the San Ysidro fault buried within Rio Grande basins. If these buried faults formed by the same processes that formed the San Ysidro fault and have persistent low-permeability cores and cemented mixed zones, they could compartmentalize the basin-fill aquifers more than is currently realized, particularly if pumping stresses continue to increase in response to population growth. C1 [Caine, Jonathan Saul; Minor, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Caine, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jscaine@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey; Geologic Discipline; National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Mineral Resources FX This work was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey, Geologic Discipline, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Mineral Resources Programs under the Geologic Framework of Rio Grande Basins Project. We are grateful to Peter Pino of the Zia Pueblo, New Mexico, who granted access to the field area. Discussions with Tien Grauch, Mark Hudson, Dan Koning, and Sean Connell were instrumental in germination of ideas related to this work. Dennis Eberl and Steve Sutley of the U. S. Geological Survey are thanked for providing X-ray diffraction analyses for this study. George Breit, Peter Eichhubl, Chris Potter, Geoffrey Rawling, and Jennifer Wilson provided constructive peer reviews, and we thank them for their conscientious efforts. Laurel Goodwin provided exceptional editorial guidance that greatly improved the clarity of the paper. NR 74 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 9-10 BP 1325 EP 1340 DI 10.1130/B26164.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 478QZ UT WOS:000268604300006 ER PT J AU Romans, BW Normark, WR McGann, MM Covault, JA Graham, SA AF Romans, Brian W. Normark, William R. McGann, Mary M. Covault, Jacob A. Graham, Stephan A. TI Coarse-grained sediment delivery and distribution in the Holocene Santa Monica Basin, California: Implications for evaluating source-to-sink flux at millennial time scales SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS; OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA; ACCUMULATION RATES; SUBMARINE FANS; BARBARA BASIN; LOS-ANGELES; EL-NINO AB Utilizing accumulations of coarse-grained terrigenous sediment from deep-marine basins to evaluate the relative contributions of and history of controls on sediment flux through a source-to-sink system has been difficult as a result of limited knowledge of event timing. In this study, six new radiocarbon ((14)C) dates are integrated with five previously published dates that have been recalibrated from a 12.5-m-thick turbidite section from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California. This borehole is tied to high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that cover an 1100 km(2) area of the middle and lower Hueneme submarine fan and most of the basin plain. The resulting stratigraphic framework provides the highest temporal resolution for a thick-bedded Holocene turbidite succession to date, permitting an evaluation of source-to-sink controls at millennial (1000 yr) scales. The depositional history from 7 ka to present indicates that the recurrence interval for large turbidity-current events is relatively constant (300-360 yr), but the volume of sediment deposited on the fan and in the basin plain has increased by a factor of 2 over this period. Moreover, the amount of sand per event on the basin plain during the same interval has increased by a factor of 7. Maps of sediment distribution derived from correlation of seismic-reflection profiles indicate that this trend cannot be attributed exclusively to autogenic processes (e.g., progradation of depocenters). The observed variability in sediment accumulation rates is thus largely controlled by allogenic factors, including: (1) increased discharge of Santa Clara River as a result of increased magnitude and frequency of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events from ca. 2 ka to present, (2) an apparent change in routing of coarse-grained sediment within the staging area at ca. 3 ka (i.e., from direct river input to indirect, littoral cell input into Hueneme submarine canyon), and (3) decreasing rates of sea-level rise (i.e., rate of rise slowed considerably by ca. 3 ka). The Holocene history of the Santa Clara River-Santa Monica Basin source-to-sink system demonstrates the ways in which varying sediment flux and changes in dispersal pathways affect the basinal stratigraphic record. C1 [Romans, Brian W.; Covault, Jacob A.; Graham, Stephan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Normark, William R.; McGann, Mary M.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Romans, BW (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. EM brian.romans@chevron.com RI Romans, Brian/G-2035-2010; OI Romans, Brian/0000-0002-3112-0326 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Stanford Project on Deep-Water Depositional Systems (SPODDS) FX Funding for the processing and radiocarbon dating of samples was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Catastrophic Hazards and California Urban Ocean Projects. The Huntec seismic-reflection data were collected by the Geological Survey of Canada CSS Parizeau cruise 91-062, maintained by the USGS Coastal & Marine Geology Division in Menlo Park, California. Additional funding for Romans was provided by the Stanford Project on Deep-Water Depositional Systems (SPODDS), a petroleum-industry consortium conducting research on ancient and modern turbidite systems around the world. Romans would like to acknowledge Ray W. Sliter (USGS) for his help with various seismic-reflection data issues. The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Core Repository in College Station, Texas, was instrumental in helping secure sediment samples from Site 1015 cores. Reviewers for internal USGS review, David J.W. Piper (Geological Survey of Canada) and Jonathan A. Warrick (USGS), provided thoughtful first reviews that improved the original submission. Comments and suggestions from GSA Bulletin reviewers Charles Paull, David C. Twichell, Benjamin Kneller, and Kevin T. Pickering significantly improved the clarity and focus of this paper. Finally, Romans would like to dedicate this paper to Bill Normark, who passed away shortly after this manuscript was submitted. Bill was a diligent and gifted scientist, a talented winemaker, as well as a mentor and friend to all the authors of this paper. NR 90 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 9-10 BP 1394 EP 1408 DI 10.1130/B26393.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 478QZ UT WOS:000268604300010 ER PT J AU Spiske, M Jaffe, BE AF Spiske, Michaela Jaffe, Bruce E. TI Sedimentology and hydrodynamic implications of a coarse-grained hurricane sequence in a carbonate reef setting SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORM DEPOSITS; TSUNAMI; NETHERLANDS; ANTILLES; BONAIRE; TYPHOON; CURACAO AB Storms and associated surges are major coast-shaping processes. Nevertheless, no typical sequences for storm surge deposits in different coastal settings have been established. This study interprets a coarse-grained hurricane ridge deposit on the island of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. The sequence was deposited during Hurricane Lenny in November 1999. Insight is gained into the hydrodynamics of surge flow by interpreting textural trends, particle imbrication, and deposit geometry. Vertical textural variations, caused by time-dependent hydrodynamic changes, were used to subdivide the deposit into depositional units that correspond to different stages of the surge, such as setup, peak, and return flow. Particle size and imbrication trends and geometry of the units reflect landward bed-load transport of components during the setup, a nondirectional flow with sediment falling out of suspension during the peak, and a seaward bed-load transport during the return flow. Formation of a ridge during setup affected the texture of the return flow unit. Changing angles of imbrication reflect alternating flow velocities during each phase. Normal grading during setup and inverse grading during return flow are caused by decelerating and accelerating flow, respectively. Hence, the interpreted deposit seems to represent the first described complete hurricane surge sequence from a carbonate environment. C1 [Spiske, Michaela] Univ Munster, Inst Geol Palaontol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Spiske, M (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Geol Palaontol, Corrensstr 24, D-48149 Munster, Germany. EM spiske@uni-muenster.de RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 FU Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) FX Field work was funded by the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD). We thank F. Simal and the staff of the Washington Slagbaai National Park on Bonaire for support in the field and afterward. F. C. van Duyl and B. McGee supplied us with aerial photos of Playa Funchi. We thank R. Morton, J. Warrick, and H. Bahlburg for critically reading the manuscript, as well as H. Regnauld and J. Goff for reviewing the paper. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 37 IS 9 BP 839 EP 842 DI 10.1130/G30173A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 494KP UT WOS:000269812000021 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Lacombe, PJ Imbrigiotta, TE Chapelle, FH Goode, DJ AF Bradley, Paul M. Lacombe, Pierre J. Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. Chapelle, Francis H. Goode, Daniel J. TI Flowpath Independent Monitoring of Reductive Dechlorination Potential in a Fractured Rock Aquifer SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CHLOROETHENE BIODEGRADATION; HYDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; SEDIMENTS; WATER; TETRACHLOROETHENE; GROUNDWATER; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The flowpath dependent approaches that are typically employed to assess biodegradation of chloroethene contaminants in unconsolidated aquifers are problematic in fractured rock settings, due to difficulties defining discrete groundwater flowpaths in such systems. In this study, the variation in the potential for chloroethene biodegradation with depth was evaluated in a fractured rock aquifer using two flowpath independent lines of field evidence: (1) the presence of the three biochemical prerequisites [electron donor(s), chloroethene electron acceptor(s), and chlororespiring microorganism(s)] for efficient chloroethene chlororespiration and (2) the in situ accumulation of chloroethene reductive dechlorination daughter products. The validity of this approach was assessed by comparing field results with the results of [1, 2-14C] cis-DCE microcosm experiments. Microcosms were prepared with depth-specific core material, which was crushed and emplaced in discrete packer intervals for 1 year to allow colonization by the indigenous microbial community. Packer intervals characterized by significant electron donor concentrations, elevated numbers of chlororespiring microorganisms, and high reductive dechlorination product to parent contaminant ratios correlated well with the production of 14C-labeled reductive dechlorination products in the microcosm experiments. These results indicate that, in the absence of information on discrete groundwater flowpaths, a modified approach emphasizing flowpath independent lines of evidence can provide insight into the temporal and spatial variability of contaminant biodegradation in fractured rock systems. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Lacombe, Pierre J.; Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Goode, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, Exton, PA 19341 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov; placombe@usgs.gov; timbrig@usgs.gov; chapelle@usgs.gov; djgoode@usgs.gov OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456 FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; Strategic Environmental Restoration and Defense Program of the DOE; DOD; U.S. EPA FX This research was funded by the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program and the Strategic Environmental Restoration and Defense Program of the DOE, DOD, and U.S. EPA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 EI 1745-6592 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 515JS UT WOS:000271466600004 ER PT J AU Halstead, BJ Mushinsky, HR Mccoy, ED AF Halstead, Brian J. Mushinsky, Henry R. McCoy, Earl D. TI MASTICOPHIS FLAGELLUM SELECTS FLORIDA SCRUB HABITAT AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Coachwhip; Habitat selection; Movement; Snake; Spatial ecology ID ELAPHE-OBSOLETA-SPILOIDES; FORAGING ECOLOGY; MAMMALIAN PREY; PREDATION RISK; SNAKES; CONSEQUENCES; EXTINCTION; AUSTRALIA; MORTALITY; COACHWHIP AB The use of space by individual animals strongly influences the spatial extent, abundance, and growth rates of their populations. We analyzed the spatial ecology and habitat selection of Masticophis flagellum (the coachwhip) at three different scales to determine which habitats are most important to this species. Home ranges and mean daily displacements of M. flagellum in Florida were large compared to individuals in other populations of this species. Home ranges contained a greater proportion of Florida scrub habitat than did the study site as a whole, and individuals selected Florida scrub habitat,within their home ranges. For both selection of the home range within the study site and selection of habitats within the home range, mesic, Cutthroat and hydric swamp habitats were avoided. Standardized selection ratios of Florida scrub patches were positively correlated with lizard abundance. Several non-mu tu ally exclusive mechanisms, including foraging success (prey abundance, prey vulnerability, and foraging efficiency), abundance of refugia, and thermoregulatory opportunity may underlie the selection of Florida scrub by, M. flagellum. Historic rarity and anthropogenic loss and fragmentation of Florida scrub habitat, coupled with the long-distance movements, large home ranges, and selection of Florida scrub by M. flagellum, indicate that large contiguous tracts of land containing Florida scrub will lie essential for the persistence of M. flagellum in central Florida. C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Mushinsky, Henry R.; McCoy, Earl D.] Univ S Florida, Div Integrat Biol, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33690 USA. RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM bhalstead@usgs.gov FU University of South Florida Presidential Fellowship; American Museum of Natural History Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fluid FX We thank the numerous graduate students and undergraduate assistants that helped with different aspects of this research. The staff at Lake Wales Ridge State Forest, particularly A. Malatesta, was very accommodating and provided logistic support. The staff at tire University of South Florida Division of Comparative Medicine, particularly M. Baldwin, D. Caretto, and C. Trahan, provided excellent training and support with surgical materials and methods. This project was supported by a University of South Florida Presidential Fellowship and an American Museum of Natural History Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fluid Grant to B. Hallstead, and by a University of South Florida Established Researcher Grant to H. Mushinsky. This research was conducted under permit front the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Forestry, and followed University of South Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee procedures. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 EI 1938-5099 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD SEP PY 2009 VL 65 IS 3 BP 268 EP 279 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 526MM UT WOS:000272293900005 ER PT J AU Buczko, K Korponai, J Padisak, J Starratt, SW AF Buczko, Krisztina Korponai, Janos Padisak, Judit Starratt, Scott W. TI Foreword: A virtual congress on palaeolimnology-palaeolimnological proxies as tools for environmental reconstruction in fresh water SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Buczko, Krisztina] Hungarian Natl Hist Museum, Dept Bot, H-1476 Budapest, Hungary. [Korponai, Janos] W Transdanubian Dist Water Author, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary. [Korponai, Janos] Univ W Hungary, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary. [Padisak, Judit] Univ Pannonia, Dept Limnol, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. [Starratt, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Buczko, K (reprint author), Hungarian Natl Hist Museum, Dept Bot, POB 222, H-1476 Budapest, Hungary. EM krisztina@buczko.eu RI Korponai, Janos/G-1438-2011; Padisak, Judit/B-4514-2008 OI Padisak, Judit/0000-0001-8285-2896 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2009 VL 631 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9805-x PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 458RJ UT WOS:000267040900001 ER PT J AU Starratt, SW AF Starratt, Scott W. TI Holocene climate on the Modoc Plateau, northern California, USA: the view from Medicine Lake SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; Pollen; Laminated sediments; Multiproxy ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; AMERICA; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENT; OREGON; RECORD; YR; OSCILLATION; HISTORY AB Medicine Lake is a small (165 ha), relatively shallow (average 7.3 m), intermediate elevation (2,036 m) lake located within the summit caldera of Medicine Lake volcano, Siskiyou County, California, USA. Sediment cores and high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection data were collected from the lake during the fall of 1999 and 2000. Sediments were analyzed for diatoms, pollen, density, grain size (sand/mud ratio), total organic carbon (TOC), and micro-scale fabric analysis. Using both (14)C (AMS) dating and tephrochronology, the basal sediments were estimated to have been deposited about 11,400 cal year BP, thus yielding an estimated average sedimentation rate of about 20.66 cm/1,000 year. The lowermost part of the core (11,400-10,300 cal year BP) contains the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions. From about 11,000-5,500 cal year BP, Medicine Lake consisted of two small, steep-sided lakes or one lake with two steep-sided basins connected by a shallow shelf. During this time, both the pollen (Abies/Artemisia ratio) and the diatom (Cyclotella/Navicula ratio) evidences indicate that the effective moisture increased, leading to a deeper lake. Over the past 5,500 years, the pollen record shows that effective moisture continued to increase, and the diatom record indicates fluctuations in the lake level. The change in the lake level pattern from one of the increasing depths prior to about 6,000 cal year BP to one of the variable depths may be related to changes in the morphology of the Medicine Lake caldera associated with the movement of magma and the eruption of the Medicine Lake Glass Flow about 5,120 cal year BP. These changes in basin morphology caused Medicine Lake to flood the shallow shelf which surrounds the deeper part of the lake. During this period, the Cyclotella/Navicula ratio and the percent abundance of Isoetes vary, suggesting that the level of the lake fluctuated, resulting in changes in the shelf area available for colonization by benthic diatoms and Isoetes. These fluctuations are not typical of the small number of low-elevation Holocene lake records in the region, and probably reflect the hydrologic conditions unique to Medicine Lake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sstarrat@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This research was supported by the Earth Surface Dynamics and Volcano Hazards Programs of the USGS. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2009 VL 631 IS 1 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9811-z PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 458RJ UT WOS:000267040900012 ER PT J AU Michael, HA Voss, CI AF Michael, Holly A. Voss, Clifford I. TI Estimation of regional-scale groundwater flow properties in the Bengal Basin of India and Bangladesh SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bangladesh; India; Inverse modeling; Parameter estimation; Geostatistics ID GANGES-BRAHMAPUTRA DELTA; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; MODELS; PERMEABILITY; EVOLUTION; FRAMEWORK; RESOURCE; SEQUENCE; AQUIFERS; GEOLOGY AB Quantitative evaluation of management strategies for long-term supply of safe groundwater for drinking from the Bengal Basin aquifer (India and Bangladesh) requires estimation of the large-scale hydrogeologic properties that control flow. The Basin consists of a stratified, heterogeneous sequence of sediments with aquitards that may separate aquifers locally, but evidence does not support existence of regional confining units. Considered at a large scale, the Basin may be aptly described as a single aquifer with higher horizontal than vertical hydraulic conductivity. Though data are sparse, estimation of regional-scale aquifer properties is possible from three existing data types: hydraulic heads, (14)C concentrations, and driller logs. Estimation is carried out with inverse groundwater modeling using measured heads, by model calibration using estimated water ages based on (14)C, and by statistical analysis of driller logs. Similar estimates of hydraulic conductivities result from all three data types; a resulting typical value of vertical anisotropy (ratio of horizontal to vertical conductivity) is 10(4). The vertical anisotropy estimate is supported by simulation of flow through geostatistical fields consistent with driller log data. The high estimated value of vertical anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity indicates that even disconnected aquitards, if numerous, can strongly control the equivalent hydraulic parameters of an aquifer system. C1 [Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Michael, Holly A.; Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Michael, HA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM hmichael@udel.edu RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010 FU UNICEF; Arsenic Policy Support Unit of the British Department for International Development; US Agency for International Development; US Geological Survey; Government of Bangladesh through the Department of Public Health and Engineering and the Bangladesh Water Development Board; National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate at the US Geological Survey FX Thanks are due to K.M. Ahmed (University of Dhaka), A. Zahid (Bangladesh Water Development Board and University of Dhaka), M.A. Hoque (Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology), S.P. Sinha Ray (Centre for Ground-water Studies), P. Sikdar and P. Sahu (Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management) and S. Chakraborty (Bengal Engineering and Science University) for technical advice and ongoing cooperation; to J. Whitney and D. Clark (US Geological Survey) for initiating and supporting this project; to G. Howard, R. Johnston, and R. Nickson for their support; to M. Allison (Tulane University) and S. Goodbred (Vanderbilt University) for insights into Bengal Basin geology; to R. Ababou (Institut de Mecanique des Fluides de Toulouse) and A. Boucher (Stanford University) for discussions on geostatistics; to L.N. Plummer (US Geological Survey) for providing 14C corrections; and to C. West, A.H.M. Shamsuddin, and J. Coleman of UNOCAL for geologic information. The project was funded by UNICEF, the Arsenic Policy Support Unit of the British Department for International Development, the US Agency for International Development, and the US Geological Survey. Thanks are also due to the Government of Bangladesh through the Department of Public Health and Engineering and the Bangladesh Water Development Board. We also thank the technical reviewers of this manuscript. This work was conducted in part while H.M. was a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate at the US Geological Survey (2005-2006). NR 65 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1329 EP 1346 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0443-1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 483ZX UT WOS:000269013500002 ER PT J AU Brehme, CS Boarman, WI Hathaway, SA Herring, A Lyren, L Mendelsohn, M Pease, K Rahn, M Rochester, C Stokes, D Turschak, G Fisher, RN AF Brehme, C. S. Boarman, W. I. Hathaway, S. A. Herring, A. Lyren, L. Mendelsohn, M. Pease, K. Rahn, M. Rochester, C. Stokes, D. Turschak, G. Fisher, R. N. TI Spatial and temporal patterns across an ecological boundary: Allochthonous effects of a young saltwater lake on a desert ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Desert ecology; Ecotone; Edge effect; Landscape ecology; Salton Sea; Trophic interaction ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SALTON-SEA; FOOD WEBS; MARINE SUBSIDIES; AQUATIC INSECTS; TERRESTRIAL; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; PREDATION; FRAGMENTATION AB We documented changes in the abundance and composition of terrestrial flora and fauna with respect to distance from the sea edge and timing of large allochthonous inputs from the Salton Sea, California. We found significant effects that were most pronounced within 300 m of the shore, but extended 3 km inland via coyote scat deposition. The zone within 300 m of the sea had a higher density of vegetation with a distinctly different plant composition. The denser vegetation supported higher abundances of birds and reptiles. Coyotes exhibited spatial and temporal responses to marine subsidies of fish, while birds were likely subsidized by aquatic aerial insects. Top-down control, as well as dietary and habitat preferences, may have resulted in reduced number of ants, beetles, and small mammals near the sea. Species responses to the habitat edge appeared to be associated with life history, as the near shore habitat favored habitat generalists and shore specialists, while inland desert habitat favored many sand and open desert specialists. Ecosystem responses Support Current theories of allochthonous spatial subsidies and consumer-resource dynamics but were limited in scope, magnitude, and distance. published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brehme, C. S.; Boarman, W. I.; Hathaway, S. A.; Herring, A.; Lyren, L.; Mendelsohn, M.; Pease, K.; Rochester, C.; Stokes, D.; Turschak, G.; Fisher, R. N.] US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Rahn, M.] San Diego State Univ, Coll Sci, Field Stn Programs, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Brehme, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM cbrehme@usgs.gov; rfisher@usgs.gov FU Cameron Barrows, Center for Natural Lands Management; Salton Sea Science Office; Bureau of Reclamation and conducted on U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX We thank USGS scientists; Dino Barnham, Steve Carroll, Sara Schuster, Sierra Hayden, Chris Haas, Allan Hebbert, Tritia Matsuda, Zsolt Kahancza, and Elizabeth Gallegos for assisting with field data collection, Andrea Atkinson andjulie Yee for statistical advice. Doug Chamblin for editorial support, and several anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank Dr. Andrew Suarez and Dr. Phil Ward at the Universities of Illinois and California, Davis for assisting with ant identification. We also thank Douglas Barnum, USGS Salton Sea Science Office, and Cheryl Rodriguez, Bureau of Reclamation, for providing invaluable logistical support and Cameron Barrows, Center for Natural Lands Management, and Rich Rust, University of Nevada, Reno for assisting in identification of beetles. This research was funded in part by the Salton Sea Science Office, Bureau of Reclamation and conducted on U.S. Bureau of Land Management, California State Parks, and the California Department of Fish and Game lands. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 9 BP 811 EP 820 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.03.002 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466PY UT WOS:000267675800006 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, P Lists, JH AF Ruggiero, Peter Lists, Jeffrey H. TI Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE California; Pacific Northwest; high waterline; lidar; mean high water; shoreline change rate; shoreline position uncertainty; weighted linear regression ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; WATER LEVELS; BEACH; RUNUP; LINE AB A generalized methodology, relevant for a wide variety of shoreline change analyses, is developed to estimate the horizontal offset between proxy-based high water line (HWL) type shorelines and datum-based mean high water (MHW) type shorelines. The ability to compute this term is critical for change analyses that incorporate variously defined and derived shoreline estimates because this horizontal offset nearly always acts in one direction; HWL shorelines are landward of MHW shorelines. Not accounting for this offset will cause shoreline change rates to be biased toward slower shoreline retreat, progradation rather than retreat, or faster progradation than in reality (for the typical case where datum-based shorelines are collected after proxy-based shorelines), depending on actual changes at a given site. It is also demonstrated that by computing the uncertainty associated with this proxy datum shoreline bias, we are quantifying, for the first time, the uncertainty of HWL shorelines due to water level fluctuations. Complete accounting of the uncertainty of shoreline position estimates is necessary for determining the statistical significance of shoreline change rate computations. The proxy-datum bias and the bias uncertainty are estimated to be approximately 18 and 9 m, respectively, on average for the sandy beaches of the California coast (and significantly larger on the milder sloping beaches of the U.S. Pacific Northwest). The importance of accounting for the bias in calculating shoreline change rates is confirmed as its inclusion along the California coast changes the coastwide decadal-scale (1970s to present) shoreline change rate from net progradation to net shoreline retreat. C1 [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lists, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ruggiero, P (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ruggierp@geo.oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This study was funded by the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Hazards Project of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Thanks to Cheryl Hapke for providing the California shoreline change data for use in demonstrating the methodology described in this paper. Thanks to Abby Sallenger, Peter Howd, Hilary Stockdon, and Sam Johnson for input on the development of the methodology and to Nathaniel Plant, Chip Fletcher, and Mark Crowell for a detailed review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1069 EP 1081 DI 10.2112/08-1051.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 501GO UT WOS:000270369500001 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Werle, D Lu, Z Rangoonwala, A Suzuoki, Y AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Werle, Dirk Lu, Zhong Rangoonwala, Amina Suzuoki, Yukihiro TI A Case of Timely Satellite Image Acquisitions in Support of Coastal Emergency Environmental Response Management SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Satellite optical and radar image data; coastal flooding and damage; strategic collections ID LOUISIANA AB The synergistic application of optical and radar satellite imagery improves emergency response and advance coastal monitoring from the realm of "opportunistic" to that of "strategic." As illustrated by the Hurricane Ike example, synthetic aperture radar imaging capabilities are clearly applicable for emergency response operations, but they are also relevant to emergency environmental management. Integrated with optical monitoring, the nearly real-time availability of synthetic aperture radar provides superior consistency in status and trends monitoring and enhanced information concerning causal forces of change that are critical to coastal resource sustainability, including flooding extent, depth, and frequency. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Werle, Dirk] AERDE Environm Res, Halifax, NS B3J 2X1, Canada. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Ctr Sci, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Suzuoki, Yukihiro] ASci Corp, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1168 EP 1172 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00012.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 501GO UT WOS:000270369500011 ER PT J AU Flocks, J Kulp, M Smith, J Williams, SJ AF Flocks, James Kulp, Mark Smith, Jackie Williams, S. Jeffress TI Review of the Geologic History of the Pontchartrain Basin, Northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Louisiana; Mississippi; coastal plain; Mississippi River delta plain; Lake Pontchartrain; New Orleans; Pleistocene terraces; Pearl River; Pine Island Barrier; St. Bernard Delta AB The Pontchartrain Basin extends over 44,000 km(2) from northern Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico and includes one of the largest and most important estuarine systems in the United States. The basin supports a variety of environments, from woodlands in the north to wetlands in the south, and a growing socioeconomic infrastructure that has led to rapid development of the southern half of the basin over the past two centuries. To properly administer this infrastructure, managers need to understand the complex geologic framework of the basin and how it will respond to continued sea-level rise, variable rates and magnitudes of land subsidence, and human alteration of the landscape. This article summarizes the body of work that describes the regional evolution and stratigraphic architecture of the Pontchartrain Basin. The northern two-thirds of the basin is underlain by a stratigraphy of undifferentiated sands and clays deposited throughout the Plio-Pleistocene by glacially influenced rivers. These deposits were weathered and incised by rivers during sea-level low stands, forming a series of terraces that increase with age from south to north. The southern third of the basin is composed of estuaries formed during the Holocene, while shoreline processes created a series of sandy barriers that restricted communication to the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi River completed the geologic development of the basin by building a sequence of subdelta lobes along this southern margin over the past 5000 years, further sealing it from the open Gulf of Mexico. Presently, the modern Mississippi River bypasses the estuarine environment and only contributes sediments during flood events when the river overtops the levee system. Sea-level rise, subsidence within the Holocene delta-plain deposits, and movement along numerous fault systems are the active natural processes that continue to affect basin geomorphology. C1 [Flocks, James; Smith, Jackie] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kulp, Mark] Univ New Orleans, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Flocks, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jflocks@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2009 SI 54 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.2112/SI54-013.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V39ZD UT WOS:000209448000004 ER PT J AU Yuill, B Lavoie, D Reed, DJ AF Yuill, Brendan Lavoie, Dawn Reed, Denise J. TI Understanding Subsidence Processes in Coastal Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Very high subsidence rates are routinely documented within the Pontchartrain Basin and coastal Louisiana. Subsidence promotes land loss and degrades the integrity of infrastructure and ecosystem health. Despite its vast impact on the regional landscape, the precise causes of the subsidence are not well understood; contemporary research attributes measurements of subsidence to many different processes. Because individual subsidence studies often focus on a singular subsidence process and use alternative methodologies, results may not be comparable with or complementary to the results of other studies, hindering attempts to synthesize the collective body of research into a comprehensive regional understanding. This article presents a review of contemporary subsidence research to define the most influential processes in coastal Louisiana. The processes are grouped into six categories: tectonics, Holocene sediment compaction, sediment loading, glacial isostatic adjustment, anthropogenic fluid withdrawal, and surface water drainage and management. Each process category is discussed in a uniform context designed to indentify comparable characteristics and the relative spatial and temporal scales in which they occur. Establishing the full range of influential subsidence processes and providing a means of comparison is a first key step in synthesizing a comprehensive understanding of subsidence in coastal Louisiana. C1 [Yuill, Brendan; Reed, Denise J.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Lavoie, Dawn] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Yuill, B (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, 2000 Lakeshore Dr, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM byuill@uno.edu FU Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program [W912HZ-08-2-0001] FX This paper reports research funded by the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program Contract # W912HZ-08-2-0001. Clark Alexander, Mike Blum, Alvin Chan, Larry Gilbert, Stephen Gill, Richard Raynie, Dru Smith, and Torbjorn Tornqvist provided insightful review and comment on a previous draft of this manuscript. That draft included outcomes of discussions from a symposium held in January 2009 at the University of New Orleans. The attendees of the symposium are thanked for their very helpful contributions as well as Tim Dixon for his participation and counsel. This manuscript is also based on discussions that were an outcome from a workshop convened by the U.S. Geological Survey in New Orleans, June 2004. Bill Bryant, Larry Gilbert, Mark Zoback, Bill Nuttle, Mark Kulp, Woody Gagliano, Del Britsch, Bob Morton, Syed Khalil, and Jeff Williams are thanked for their contribution to the workshop as are all of the workshop attendees. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2009 SI 54 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.2112/SI54-012.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V39ZD UT WOS:000209448000005 ER PT J AU Flocks, J Kindinger, J Marot, M Holmes, C AF Flocks, James Kindinger, Jack Marot, Marci Holmes, Charles TI Sediment Characterization and Dynamics in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pontchartrain Basin; circulation; bioturbation; pollution; environmental change; trace metals; stratigraphy AB Lake Pontchartrain in southeastern Louisiana is the largest of several shallow estuaries that together cover over 15,000 km(2). Wetlands, forests, and large urban areas surround the lake. Primary transport mechanisms of sediments to Lake Pontchartrain include urban runoff, major diversions of the Mississippi River, discharge from streams along the north and west shores, and tidal circulation. Sediments deposited in Lake Pontchartrain are subjected to resuspension and mixing by natural and human activities. Bioturbation and water turbulence throughout the lake are the major mixing agents, and mechanical shell dredging has reworked much of the lake bottom over the last century. Sediment characterization through direct sampling and geophysical surveys indicates that these processes continually rework the top meter of sediment. The lake receives discharge from roadways and industrial and agricultural sources. Contaminants from these sources accumulate in the lake sediments and are an important contributor to the degradation of the estuary. Decline in populations of various benthic organisms, such as shrimp and clams, has been documented in the lake. To characterize the health of this important estuary, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the geology, geomorphology, coastal processes, and environmental condition of the Pontchartrain Basin from 1994 to 1997. This report presents an assessment of sediment distribution and quality using a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the influence of various physical and chemical parameters: nearsurface stratigraphy, major trace metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni), and short-lived radionuclides (Pb-210, Be-7, and Cs-137). The results are compared with water-circulation patterns to determine high-resolution sedimentation patterns in the lake. The data show a significant increase in trace metals in the top 1 m of lake sediments. Above this horizon, pollen analysis indicates a correlation with land clearing in the area, a proxy for increasing human development of the surrounding landscape and an increase in surface run-off. The data also show that the top meter of sediment undergoes frequent resuspension during high-energy circulation events and via circulation gyres in the lake. This regular turnover does not allow stratification of recently deposited sediments, restricting the sequestration of contaminated material that enters the lake. C1 [Flocks, James; Kindinger, Jack; Marot, Marci; Holmes, Charles] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Flocks, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jflocks@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2009 SI 54 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.2112/SI54-011.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V39ZD UT WOS:000209448000012 ER PT J AU Chapin, FS McFarland, J McGuire, AD Euskirchen, ES Ruess, RW Kielland, K AF Chapin, F. Stuart, III McFarland, Jack McGuire, A. David Euskirchen, Eugenie S. Ruess, Roger W. Kielland, Knut TI The changing global carbon cycle: linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon cycle; climate change; decomposition; heterotrophic respiration; mycorrhizas; net ecosystem production; net primary production; roots; soil carbon ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN-CYCLE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LITTER QUALITY AB Most current climate-carbon cycle models that include the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle are based on a model developed 40 years ago by Woodwell & Whittaker (1968) and omit advances in biogeochemical understanding since that time. Their model treats net C emissions from ecosystems as the balance between net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (HR, i.e. primarily decomposition). Under conditions near steady state, geographic patterns of decomposition closely match those of NPP, and net C emissions are adequately described as a simple balance of NPP and HR (the Woodwell-Whittaker model). This close coupling between NPP and HR occurs largely because of tight coupling between C and N (nitrogen) cycles and because NPP constrains the food available to heterotrophs. Processes in addition to NPP and HR become important to understanding net C emissions from ecosystems under conditions of rapid changes in climate, hydrology, atmospheric CO(2), land cover, species composition and/or N deposition. Inclusion of these processes in climate-C cycle models would improve their capacity to simulate recent and future climatic change. Processes that appear critical to soil C dynamics but warrant further research before incorporation into ecosystem models include below-ground C flux and its partitioning among roots, mycorrhizas and exudates; microbial community effects on C sequestration; and the effects of temperature and labile C on decomposition. The controls over and consequences of these processes are still unclear at the ecosystem scale. Carbon fluxes in addition to NPP and HR exert strong influences over the climate system under conditions of rapid change. These fluxes include methane release, wildfire, and lateral transfers of food and fibre among ecosystems. Water and energy exchanges are important complements to C cycle feedbacks to the climate system, particularly under non-steady-state conditions. An integrated understanding of multiple ecosystem-climate feedbacks provides a strong foundation for policies to mitigate climate change. Synthesis. Current climate systems models that include only NPP and HR are inadequate under conditions of rapid change. Many of the recent advances in biogeochemical understanding are sufficiently mature to substantially improve representation of ecosystem C dynamics in these models. C1 [Chapin, F. Stuart, III; McFarland, Jack; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Ruess, Roger W.; Kielland, Knut] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chapin, FS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM terry.chapin@uaf.edu OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 FU Bonanza Creek LTER; NSF [DEB-0620579]; USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW06-JV-11261952-431] FX We thank Kris Johnson, Mark Waldrop, Philip Wookey and an anonymous reviewer for constructive review of the manuscript. Research leading to this synthesis was supported in part by the Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0620579 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW06-JV-11261952-431). NR 109 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 31 U2 269 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 97 IS 5 BP 840 EP 850 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 482YX UT WOS:000268928200003 ER PT J AU Wildman, RA Domagalski, JL Hering, JG AF Wildman, Richard A., Jr. Domagalski, Joseph L. Hering, Janet G. TI Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Controls of River Subsurface Solutes under Agriculturally Enhanced Ground Water Flow SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AQUIFER-WETLAND SYSTEM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MASS-BALANCE; TRANSPORT; NITRATE; STREAM; PHOSPHORUS; FATE; CALIFORNIA AB The relative influences of hydrologic processes and biogeochemistry on the transport and retention of minor solutes were compared in the riverbed of the lower Merced River (California, USA). The subsurface of this reach receives ground water discharge and surface water infiltration due to an altered hydraulic setting resulting from agricultural irrigation. Filtered ground water samples were collected from 30 drive point locations in March, June, and October 2004. Hydrologic processes, described previously, were verified by observations of bromine concentrations; manganese was used to indicate redox conditions. The separate responses of the minor solutes strontium, barium, uranium, and phosphorus to these influences were examined. Correlation and principal component analyses indicate that hydrologic processes dominate the distribution of trace elements in the ground water. Redox conditions appear to be independent of hydrologic processes and account for most of the remaining data variability. With some variability, major processes are consistent in two sampling transects separated by 100 m. C1 [Wildman, Richard A., Jr.; Hering, Janet G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Domagalski, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hering, JG (reprint author), Ueberlandstr 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM janet.hering@eawag.ch FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA); Agricultural Chemicals Transport Study [EAR0408329] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Steven Phillips and Celia Zamora (USGS) for field assistance. Laboratory analysis would have been impossible without Nathan Dalleska, Megan Ferguson, Kate Campbell, and Giehyeon Lee (Caltech). Tapio Schneider and Drew Keppel (Caltech) gave advice at key points during statistical analysis. The manuscript was improved with the help of Claire Farnsworth (Caltech), Peter Reichert (Eawag), Laura Sigg (Eawag), and two anonymous reviewers. This work was partially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program Cycle II (ACT study); for more information on NAWQA and the Agricultural Chemicals Transport Study, see Capel et al. (2008) or http://in.water.usgs.gov/NAWQA_ACT NSF SGER grant EAR0408329 funded sample analysis and part of Rich Wildman's graduate study. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1830 EP 1840 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0448 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400006 PM 19643748 ER PT J AU Duris, JW Haack, SK Fogarty, LR AF Duris, Joseph W. Haack, Sheridan K. Fogarty, Lisa R. TI Gene and Antigen Markers of Shiga-toxin Producing E. coli from Michigan and Indiana River Water: Occurrence and Relation to Recreational Water Quality Criteria SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIRULENCE FACTORS; SENSITIVE METHOD; MULTIPLEX PCR; O157-H7; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; INDICATORS; OUTBREAK; EXPOSURE AB The relation of bacterial pathogen occurrence to fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations used for recreational water quality criteria (RWQC) is poorly understood. This study determined the occurrence of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) markers and their relation to FIB concentrations in Michigan and Indiana river water. Using 67 fecal coliform (FC) bacteria cultures from 41 river sites in multiple watersheds, we evaluated the occurrence of five STEC markets: the Escherichia coli (EC) O157 antigen and gene, and the STEC virulence genes eaeA, stx1, and stx2. Simple isolations from selected FC cultures yielded viable EC O157. By both antigen and gene assays, EC O157 was detected in a greater proportion of samples exceeding rather than meeting FC RWQC (P < 0.05), but was unrelated to EC and enterococci RWQC. The occurrence of all other STEC markets was unrelated to any FIB RWQC. The eaeA, stx2, and stx1 genes were found in 93.3, 13.3, and in 46.7% of samples meeting FC RWQC and in 91.7, 0.0, and 37.5% of samples meeting the EC RWQC. Although not statistically significant, the percentage of samples positive for each STEC marker except stx1 was lower in samples that met, as opposed to exceeded, FIB RWQC. Viable STEC were common members of the FC communities in river water throughout southern Michigan and northern Indiana, regardless of FIB RWQC. Our study indicates chat further information on the occurrence of pathogens in recreational waters, and research on alternative indicators of their Occurrence, may help inform water-resource management and public health decision-making. C1 [Duris, Joseph W.; Haack, Sheridan K.; Fogarty, Lisa R.] US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Duris, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM jwduris@usgs.gov OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109 FU National Wildlife Health Center in Madison; USGS Michigan Water Science Center FX We would like to thank Brenda Berlowski of the National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, WI for graciously supplying E. coli O157:H7 DNA. We would also like to thank Steve Aichele from the USGS Michigan Water Science Center for his support of our work in Oakland County, as well as Cody Frasz, Nicole Franz, and Susie Crowley from the USGS Michigan Water Science Center and Jarnes L. Kiesler Jr. from the USGS Indiana Water Science Center for their help with field work and sampling. A portion of this work was done in cooperation with Oakland County, Michigan. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1878 EP 1886 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0225 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400011 PM 19643753 ER PT J AU Tesoriero, AJ Duff, JH Wolock, DM Spahr, NE Almendinger, JE AF Tesoriero, Anthony J. Duff, John H. Wolock, David M. Spahr, Norman E. Almendinger, James E. TI Identifying Pathways and Processes Affecting Nitrate and Orthophosphate Inputs to Streams in Agricultural Watersheds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; NITROGEN; TRANSPORT; LANDSCAPES; AQUIFERS; LINKING; FATE AB Understanding nutrient pathways to streams will improve nutrient management strategies and estimates of the time lag between when changes in land use practices occur and when water quality effects that result from these changes are observed. Nitrate and orthophosphate (OP) concentrations in several environmental compartments were examined in watersheds having a range of base flow index (BFI) values across the continental United States to determine the dominant pathways for water and nutrient inputs to streams. Estimates of the proportion of stream nitrate that was derived from groundwater increased as BFI increased. Nitrate concentration gradients between groundwater and surface water further supported the groundwater source of nitrate in these high BFI streams. However, nitrate concentrations in stream-bed pore water in all settings were typically lower than stream or upland groundwater concentrations, suggesting that nitrate discharge to streams was not uniform through the bed. Rather, preferential pathways (e.g., springs, seeps) may allow high nitrate groundwater to bypass sites of high biogeochemical transformation. Rapid pathway compartments (e.g., overland flow, tile drains) had OP concentrations that were typically higher than in streams and were important OP conveyers in most of these watersheds. In contrast to nitrate, the proportion of stream OP that is derived from ground water did not systematically increase as BFI increased. While typically not the dominant source of OP, groundwater discharge was an important pathway of OP transport to streams when BFI Values were very high and when geochemical conditions favored OP mobility in groundwater. C1 [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Duff, John H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Spahr, Norman E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Almendinger, James E.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Croix, MN 55047 USA. RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM tesorier@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA); National Research Program (NRP) FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) and National Research Program (NRP). The authors thank Mark Munn, Erik Staub, Holly Weyers, Hank Johnson, Jill Frankforter, Kathy Lee, Ron Zelt, Joe Domagalski, Hedeff Essaid, and Nancy Baker of the USGS for consultation, assistance with site logistics, and field work. The Belwin Foundation and other private landowners are gratefully acknowledged for permitting us to access these stream sites from their property. We thank Frank Triska and Kathleen McCarthy (both of USGS) for reviewing a previous version of this manuscript. Three anonymous journal reviewers and the associate editor are gratefully acknowledged for their thoughtful comments and the handling of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1892 EP 1900 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0484 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400013 PM 19643755 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Safford, H Fotheringham, CJ Franklin, J Moritz, M AF Keeley, Jon E. Safford, Hugh Fotheringham, C. J. Franklin, Janet Moritz, Max TI The 2007 Southern California Wildfires: Lessons in Complexity SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fuel-driven fires; southern California; terrain-driven fires; wind-driven fires; urban fuels; wildland-urban interface ID HIGH-INTENSITY FIRE; SHRUBLANDS; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; AGE AB The 2007 wildfire season in southern California burned over 1,000,000 ac (similar to 400,000 ha) and included several megafires. We use the 2007 fires as a case study to draw three major lessons about wildfires and wildfire complexity in southern California. First, the great majority of large fires in southern California occur in the autumn under the influence of Santa Ana windstorms. These fires also cost the most to contain and cause the most damage to life and property, and the October 2007 fires were no exception because thousands of homes were lost and seven people were killed. Being pushed by wind gusts over 100 kph, young fuels presented little barrier to their spread as the 2007 fires reburned considerable portions of the area burned in the historic 2003 fire season. Adding to the size of these fires was the historic 2006-2007 drought that contributed to high dead fuel loads and long distance spotting. As in 2003, young chaparral stands and fuel treatments were not reliable barriers to fire in October 2007. Second, the Zaca Fire in July and August 2007 showed that other factors besides high winds can sometimes combine to create conditions for large fires in southern California. Spring and summer fires in southern California chaparral are usually easily contained because of higher fuel moisture and the general lack of high winds. However, the Zaca Fire burned in a remote wilderness area of rugged terrain that made access difficult. In addition, because of its remoteness, anthropogenic ignitions have been low and stand age and fuel loads were high. Coupled with this was severe drought that year that generated fuel moisture levels considerably below normal for early summer. A third lesson comes from 2007 conifer forest fires in the southern California mountains. In contrast to lower elevation chaparral, fire suppression has led to major increases in conifer forest fuels that can lead to unnaturally severe fires when ignitions escape control. The Slide and Grass Valley Fires of October 2007 occurred in forests that had been subject to extensive fuel treatment, but fire control was complicated by a patchwork of untreated private properties and mountain homes built of highly flammable materials. in a fashion reminiscent of other recent destructive conifer fires in California, burning homes themselves were a major source of fire spread. These lessons suggest that the most important advances in fire safety in this region are to come from advances in fire prevention, fire preparedness, and land-use planning that includes fire hazard patterns. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.; Fotheringham, C. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 92371 USA. [Safford, Hugh] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Fotheringham, C. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Franklin, Janet] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Moritz, Max] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk,47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 92371 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov; hughsafford@fs.fed.us; fire_ecology@verizon.net; janet@sciences.sdsu.edu; mmoritz@nature.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 45 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 107 IS 6 BP 287 EP 296 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 495MB UT WOS:000269895900003 ER PT J AU Wanner, GA Klumb, RA AF Wanner, Greg A. Klumb, Robert A. TI Length-Weight Relationships for Three Asian Carp Species in the Missouri River SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIGHEAD CARP; GRASS CARP; SILVER CARP; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ILLINOIS RIVER; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH AB Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), collectively referred to as Asian carp, are invasive species that have been introduced into the Mississippi River basin. The expansion of Asian carp into the Missouri River is not well understood and knowledge of population characteristics within this river are lacking. The objectives of this study were to describe the length-weight relationships (condition) of Asian carp from 2003 to 2007 in the Missouri River downstream of Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota and Nebraska to St. Louis, Missouri. All total, 388 bighead, 75 silver, and 111 grass carp were measured and weighed. Short bighead carp weighed significantly less in the upper Missouri River from Gavins Point Dam to the Platte River compared to fish of the lower Missouri River from the Grand River to the Mississippi River. Conversely, long bighead carp in the upper Missouri River attained greater weights than fish of similar length downstream. Though not significant, condition similarly varied between the upper and lower Missouri River for silver carp and grass carp. C1 [Wanner, Greg A.; Klumb, Robert A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP Wanner, GA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 420 S Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM Greg_Wanner@fws.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 30 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1080/02705060.2009.9664322 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 493XV UT WOS:000269773700017 ER PT J AU Penaranda, MMD Purcel, MK Kurath, G AF Penaranda, Ma Michelle D. Purcel, Maureen K. Kurath, Gael TI Differential virulence mechanisms of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) include host entry and virus replication kinetics SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; DNA VACCINATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MESSENGER-RNA; MX PROTEIN; INDUCTION; REVEALS AB Host specificity is a phenomenon exhibited by all viruses. For the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), differential specificity of virus strains from the U and M genogroups has been established both in the field and in experimental challenges. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), M IHNV strains are consistently more prevalent and more virulent than U IHNV. The basis of the differential ability of these two IHNV genogroups to cause disease in rainbow trout was investigated in live infection challenges with representative U and M IHNV strains. When IHNV was delivered by intraperitoneal injection, the mortality caused by U IHNV increased, indicating that the low virulence of U IHNV is partly due to inefficiency in entering the trout host. Analyses of in vivo replication showed that U IHNV consistently had lower prevalence and lower viral load than M IHNV during the course of infection. In analyses of the host immune response, M IHNV-infected fish consistently had higher and longer expression of innate immune-related genes such as Mx-1. This suggests that the higher virulence of M IHNV is not due to suppression of the immune response in rainbow trout. Taken together, the results support a kinetics hypothesis wherein faster replication enables M IHNV to rapidly achieve a threshold level of virus necessary to override the strong host innate immune response. C1 [Penaranda, Ma Michelle D.; Kurath, Gael] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Interdisciplinary Grad Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Penaranda, Ma Michelle D.; Purcel, Maureen K.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Interdisciplinary Grad Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gkurath@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Fulbright-Philippine Agriculture Scholarship Program (FPASP); USGS FX The authors thank Dr Scott LaPatra of Clear Springs Food for the generous contribution of research-grade rainbow trout. M. M. D. P. was supported by the Fulbright-Philippine Agriculture Scholarship Program (FPASP). This project was funded by the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center and the USGS Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Washington, USA. Mention of trade names does not imply US Government endorsement. NR 47 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 90 BP 2172 EP 2182 DI 10.1099/vir.0.012286-0 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 492RG UT WOS:000269676300014 PM 19474249 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Jude, DJ Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP Noguchi, GE AF Madenjian, Charles P. Jude, David J. Rediske, Richard R. O'Keefe, James P. Noguchi, George E. TI Gender difference in walleye PCB concentrations persists following remedial dredging SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Area of concern; Bioaccumulation; "hot spot" effect; Polychlorinated bipheryls (PCBs); Walleye ID SEXUAL DIFFERENCE; BIOENERGETICS; RIVER; MODEL; FISH; LAKE; SITE; DDT; BAY AB Eleven male walleyes (Sander vitreus) and 10 female walleyes from the Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) population were caught during the spawning run at Dow Dam (Midland, Michigan) in the Tittabawassee River during April 1996, and individual whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) determinations were made. Total PCB concentrations averaged 7.95 and 3.17 mg/kg for males and females, respectively. As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment remediation process, contaminated sediments from the Saginaw River, the main tributary to Saginaw Bay, were removed during 2000 and 2001. Total PCB concentrations of 10 male and 10 female walleyes caught at Dow Dam during April 2007 averaged 1.58 and 0.55 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, dredging of the Saginaw River appeared to be effective in reducing PCB concentrations of Saginaw Bay adult walleyes, as both males and females decreased in PCB concentration by more than 80% between 1996 and 2007. However, the ratio of male PCB concentration to female PCB concentration did not decline between 1996 and 2007. This persistent gender difference in PCB concentrations was apparently due to a gender difference in habitat utilization coupled with a persistent spatial gradient in prey fish PCB concentrations from the Saginaw River to Lake Huron. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Jude, David J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rediske, Richard R.; O'Keefe, James P.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Noguchi, George E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.05.003 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494VA UT WOS:000269845700004 ER PT J AU Dawson, HA Jones, ML AF Dawson, Heather A. Jones, Michael L. TI Factors affecting recruitment dynamics of Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stock-recruitment; Population dynamics; Sea lamprey; Recruitment variation ID PHEROMONE COMMUNICATION; LARVAL LAMPREYS; SURVIVAL RATES; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; STREAMS; COVARIATION; BARRIERS AB Knowledge of stock-recruitment dynamics is as important for control of pest species such as the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) as it is for sustainable harvest management of exploited fish species. A better understanding of spatial and temporal variation in recruitment of pest populations may inform managers on where and when to effectively apply different control methods. Sea lamprey stock-recruitment data combined from streams across the Great Lakes basin into a Ricker stock-recruitment model indicated both compensation (density-dependent survival) and a large amount of density-independent recruitment variation. We evaluated the use of a mixed-effects model to look at common year effects and stream-level variables that could affect productivity and growing season length, with the objective of identifying factors that may explain this density-independent variation in recruitment. After selecting the "best model", we tested factors that might affect recruitment variation, using a Great Lakes dataset comprising 97 stream-years. Lake Superior tributaries, streams with larger numbers of lamprey competitors, and streams regularly requiring lampricide treatment showed significantly higher recruitment. Alkalinity and thermal regulation did not affect the observed recruitment pattern among streams. In four long-term study streams we observed significant variation among streams, tested as a fixed effect, but no evidence suggested a common pattern of variation among years. Differences in recruitment among streams were consistent with evidence of quality of spawning and larval habitat among streams. Our findings suggest that management models should account for differences in recruitment dynamics among sea lamprey-producing streams, but not common year effects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dawson, Heather A.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Dawson, HA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM Heather_Dawson@fws.gov; jonesm30@anr.msu.edu NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.03.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494VA UT WOS:000269845700005 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Kannan, K Tao, L Saxena, AR Route, B AF Custer, Thomas W. Kannan, Kuruthachalam Tao, Lin Saxena, Abhinav R. Route, Bill TI Perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Perfluorooctane sulfonate; Great blue heron; Eggs; Perfluorinated compounds; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; HERRING GULL EGGS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; FLAME RETARDANTS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; WATER BIRDS; FLUOROCHEMICALS AB In 2007 archived great blue heron (Ardea herodias) eggs collected from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, IN, (Indiana Dunes) in 1993 were analyzed for 11 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and 7 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate, the major contributor to total PFC concentrations, were below the toxicity thresholds estimated for bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and mallards (Anus platyrhynchos), but within the toxicity threshold estimated for white leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus). The ranking of PBDE congener concentrations by percent concentration (PBDE-47>-99>-100>153>-154>-28>-183) was consistent with the Penta-PBDE formulation. Total PBDE concentrations in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes were elevated and probably reflect local contamination from highly urbanized and industrialized inputs into Lake Michigan. Polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations were within levels associated with altered reproductive behavior in other avian species and based on trends in other Great Lakes birds are probably higher today. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Kannan, Kuruthachalam; Tao, Lin; Saxena, Abhinav R.] SUNY Albany, Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Kannan, Kuruthachalam; Tao, Lin; Saxena, Abhinav R.] SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Saxena, Abhinav R.] Guilderland High Sch, Guilderland, NY 12009 USA. [Route, Bill] Great Lakes Inventory & Monitoring Network, Natl Pk Serv, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tcuster@usgs.gov OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.02.003 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494VA UT WOS:000269845700010 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TP Roseman, EF Kiley, CS Schaeffer, JS AF O'Brien, Timothy P. Roseman, Edward F. Kiley, Courtney S. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. TI Fall diet and bathymetric distribution of deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) in Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deepwater sculpin; Spatial distribution; Diet; Diporeia; Lake Huron; Benthic food web ID WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; MYSIS-RELICTA; GREAT-LAKES; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; ENERGY DENSITY; LIFE-HISTORY; MICHIGAN; FOOD; COMMUNITY AB Deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii are an important component of Great Lake's offshore benthic food webs. Recent declines in deepwater sculpin abundance and changes in bathymetric distribution may be associated with changes in the deepwater food web of Lake Huron, particularly, decreased abundance of benthic invertebrates such as Diporeia. To assess how deepwater sculpins have responded to recent changes, we examined a fifteen-year time series of spatial and temporal patterns in abundance as well as the diets of fish collected in bottom trawls during fall of 2003, 2004, and 2005. During 1992-2007, deepwater sculpin abundance declined on a lake-wide scale but the decline in abundance at shallower depths and in the southern portion of Lake Huron was more pronounced. Of the 534 fish examined for diet analysis, 97% had food in the stomach. Mysis, Diporeia, and Chironomidae were consumed frequently, while sphaerid clams, ostracods, fish eggs, and small fish were found in only low numbers. We found an inverse relationship between prevalence of Mysis and Diporeia in diets that reflected geographic and temporal trends in abundance of these invertebrates in Lake Huron. Because deepwater sculpins are an important trophic link in offshore benthic food webs, declines in population abundance and changes in distribution may cascade throughout the food web and impede fish community restoration goals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [O'Brien, Timothy P.; Roseman, Edward F.; Kiley, Courtney S.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP O'Brien, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM tiobrien@usgs.gov; eroseman@usgs.gov; jschaeffer@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.05.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494VA UT WOS:000269845700017 ER PT J AU Germano, DJ Bury, RB AF Germano, David J. Bury, R. Bruce TI Variation in Body Size, Growth, and Population Structure of Actinemys marmorata from Lentic and Lotic Habitats in Southern Oregon SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURTLES CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; CLEMMYS-MARMORATA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; SCRIPTA; REPRODUCTION; NEBRASKA; RIVER; LAKES AB Turtle body size and growth rates are affected by several environmental factors, including thermal regimes. Small lentic habitats in northern latitudes often are thermally stratified in summer and, overall, provide a warmer environment than lotic habitats, which usually lack stratification because of flowing current. Several studies indicate that the amount of food consumption and rate of growth of turtles are higher, and body size larger, in warmer environments than cooler habitats. However, few sites have been examined. To better test these patterns, we compared the growth, body size, and population structure of the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) from six small lentic and four lotic habitats in southern Oregon. We found that adult size and growth rates were the same for the four lotic habitats and variable but not consistently greater at lentic sites. There were a high proportion of large turtles at all lotic sites but a variable proportion of sizes among lentic sites. Age structures did not match size structures for most populations because we found many young turtles in these populations but few small-sized turtles. Thus, we caution against reliance on size alone as a measure of population structure or trends in turtle populations. Further, our study suggests that sampling at a relatively large number of sites (e.g., >= 3 of each habitat type) improves inference of results. C1 [Germano, David J.] Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. [Bury, R. Bruce] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Germano, DJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. EM dgermano@csub.edu; buryb@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Land Management-Roseburg District; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Oregon Field Office); U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank L. Gangle, D. and R. Germano, G. Bury, C. Henson, C. Thomas, and C. Barclay for assistance capturing turtles. T. Farrell and S. Wray, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), provided logistic support and field assistance. Portions of the fieldwork were supported by the Bureau of Land Management-Roseburg District, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Oregon Field Office), and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank J. Rowe for offer extensive suggestions that improved the manuscript. Field methods were approved by the Animal Care Committee through Oregon State University, and research was conducted with a scientific take permit from Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 510 EP 520 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 501WN UT WOS:000270414400016 ER PT J AU Rinehart, KA Donovan, TM Mitchell, BR Long, RA AF Rinehart, Kurt A. Donovan, Therese M. Mitchell, Brian R. Long, Robert A. TI Factors Influencing Occupancy Patterns of Eastern Newts across Vermont SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; SALAMANDERS; TERRESTRIAL; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; ROADS; FRAGMENTATION AB Of the threats facing amphibian populations today, habitat transformation resulting from land use is among the most pressing. Although conservation of pond-breeding salamanders clearly requires protection of breeding ponds and their surrounding habitat, little is known about the effects of land use and other factors on the occurrence of salamanders in the dispersal/terrestrial phase of their life cycle. To determine these effects, we surveyed populations of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) at 551 stations across Vermont and modeled salamander distribution as a function of environmental variables hypothesized to influence site occupancy. We developed a set of 12 models based on seven a priori hypotheses of site occupancy. We hypothesized that occupancy was influenced by (1) amounts of available habitat types, (2) arrangement of these habitat types, (3) geographic position, (4) housing density, (5) road density, (6) short-term changes in habitat distribution, or (7) habitat structure at the stand level. We used a single-season occupancy model to rank and compare the 12 models. A total of 232 Eastern Newts was detected at 82 of 551 stations. Of the 12 models, amount of habitat within 0.5 km of the survey station best represented the field data. Strong effects were indicated for developed land (-), open water (+), and forest (+) cover. Given a survey station with average forest and open water characteristics, stations with >5% developed land classes within a 0.5-km buffer had a very low probability of occupancy. Further research is needed to determine the direct role of development on occupancy patterns. C1 [Rinehart, Kurt A.; Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Rinehart, KA (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM kurt.rinehart@uvm.edu; tdonovan@uvm.edu; brian_r_mitchell@nps.gov; robert.long@coe.montana.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Vermont; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife FX We thank L. Bailey and J. Andrews for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank our field assistants and technicians who helped with many aspects of data collection. Use of trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the federal government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Vermont, and the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 521 EP 531 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 501WN UT WOS:000270414400017 ER PT J AU Hallett, SL Lorz, HV Atkinson, SD Rasmussen, C Xue, L Bartholomew, JL AF Hallett, Sascha L. Lorz, Harriet V. Atkinson, Stephen D. Rasmussen, Charlotte Xue, Lan Bartholomew, Jerri L. TI Propagation of the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis by different geographic and genetic populations of Tubifex tubifex: An Oregon perspective SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myxobolus cerebralis; Myxozoan parasite; Tubifex tubifex; Oligochaete; Salmonid; Susceptibility; Exposure experiments; Mt lineage; RAPD genotype; Risk assessment ID WHIRLING DISEASE; TRIACTINOMYXON PRODUCTION; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; DESCHUTES RIVER; WILD TROUT; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIOLOGY; OLIGOCHAETA; TUBIFICIDAE AB Tubifex tubifex are obligate invertebrate hosts in the life cycle of Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite that causes whirling disease in salmonid fishes. This exotic parasite is established to varying degrees across Oregon's Columbia River system (Pacific Northwest, USA) and characteristics of local T. tubifex populations likely play a role in the pattern of disease occurrence. To better understand these patterns, we collected T. tubifex from three Oregon river basins (Willamette, Deschutes, and Grande Ronde), determined their genotype (mitochondrial 16S rDNA lineage and RAPD genotype) and exposed 10 different populations to M. cerebralis in the laboratory. Four mt lineages were identified: I, III, V and VI. Lineage III was found in all river basins but dominated both central and eastern sites. The RAPD assay further divided these lineages into geographic sub-populations; no RAPID genotype was common to all basins. There was a significant difference in prevalence of infection and level of parasite production among the populations we exposed to M. cerebralis that was attributed to genotypic composition. Only lineage III worms released actinospores and only populations dominated by this lineage amplified the parasite. These populations had the lowest Survival, however, the lineage dominant before exposure remained dominant despite the high prevalence of infection. The distribution and infection dynamics of susceptible T. tubifex throughout Oregon may contribute to the differences in M. cerebralis Occurrence: our studies further Support the influence of oligochaete genotypes on the manifestation of whirling disease in salmonid populations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallett, Sascha L.; Lorz, Harriet V.; Atkinson, Stephen D.; Bartholomew, Jerri L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Xue, Lan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rasmussen, Charlotte] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bartholomew, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bartholj@science.oregonstate.edu FU National Partnership for the Management of Wild and Coldwater Species; Whirling Disease Initiative; Portland General Electric FX We are grateful to the following people for their assistance with the collection of field samples: Donald Stevens (OSU), Tony Amandi (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, ODFW), Bill Knox (ODFW), ODFW Wizard Falls Hatchery staff, ODFW Wallowa Hatchery staff, PGE (Madras), Jennifer Hobbs (property owner), Steve Wolfe (property owner), Gayle Baker (property owner). At OSU, jenny Dubanoski, Kyle Thames, Genny Cobarrubias, Crystal Hackman and Jaime Heppinger assisted with DNA extractions, PCRs or QPCRs. We thank Billie Kerans (Montana State University) for DNA samples of reference oligochaetes and constructive discussions. Paul Reno reviewed the Deschutes' experiment data. This work was supported in part by the National Partnership for the Management of Wild and Coldwater Species, Whirling Disease Initiative. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Interior or the United States Geologic Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Portions of the study were also Supported with funding from Portland General Electric. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.001 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 486VK UT WOS:000269228100010 PM 19583968 ER PT J AU Putirka, KD Kuntz, MA Unruh, DM Vaid, N AF Putirka, Keith D. Kuntz, Mel A. Unruh, Daniel M. Vaid, Nitin TI Magma Evolution and Ascent at the Craters of the Moon and Neighboring Volcanic Fields, Southern Idaho, USA: Implications for the Evolution of Polygenetic and Monogenetic Volcanic Fields SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Craters of the Moon; Snake River Plain; geothermometry; geobarometry; geochemistry; assimilation; crustal contamination; feldspar; clinopyroxene; mineral chemistry ID SNAKE-RIVER-PLAIN; ENERGY-CONSTRAINED ASSIMILATION; PLUS LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; MELT INCLUSIONS; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; BASALTIC MAGMAS; ORTHO-PYROXENE AB The evolution of polygenetic and monogenetic volcanic fields must reflect differences in magma processing during ascent. To assess their evolution we use thermobarometry and geochemistry to evaluate ascent paths for neighboring, nearly coeval volcanic fields in the Snake River Plain, in south-central Idaho, derived from (1) dominantly Holocene polygenetic evolved lavas from the Craters of the Moon lava field (COME) and (2) Quaternary non-evolved, olivine tholeiites (NEOT) from nearby monogenetic volcanic fields. These data show that NEOT have high magmatic temperatures (1205 +/- 27 degrees C) and a narrow temperature range (< 25 degrees C) at any given depth; NEOT parent magmas partially crystallize within the middle crust (14-17 km), but with little time for cooling or assimilation. In contrast, COME magmas partially crystallize at similar depths, but at any given depth exhibit lower temperatures (by similar to 40 degrees C), and wider temperature ranges (> 50 degrees C). Prolonged storage of COME magmas allows them to evolve to higher Sr-87/Sr-86 and SiO2, and lower MgO and Nd-143/Nd-144. Most importantly, ascent paths control evolution: NEOT often erupt near the axis of the plain where high-flux (Yellowstone-related), pre-Holocene magmatic activity replaces granitic middle crust with basaltic sills, resulting in a net increase in NEOT magma buoyancy. COME flows erupt off-axis, where felsic crustal lithologies sometimes remain intact, providing a barrier to ascent and a source for crustal contamination. A three-stage ascent process explains the entire range of erupted compositions. Stage 1 (40-20 km): picrites are transported to the middle crust, undergoing partial crystallization of olivine +/- clinopyroxene. COME magmas pass through unarmored conduits and assimilate 1% or less of ancient gabbroic crust having high Sr and Sr-87/Sr-86 and low SiO2. Stage 2 (20-10 km): magmas are stored within the middle crust, and evolve to moderate MgO (10%). NEOT magmas, reaching 10% MgO, are positively buoyant and migrate through the middle crust. COME magmas remain negatively buoyant and so crystallize further and assimilate middle crust. Stage 3 (15-0 km): final ascent and eruption occurs when volatile contents, increased by differentiation, are sufficient (1-2 wt % H2O) to provide magma buoyancy through the middle (and upper) crust. C1 [Putirka, Keith D.; Vaid, Nitin] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Kuntz, Mel A.; Unruh, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Putirka, KD (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 2576 E San Ramon Ave,MS-ST25, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. EM kputirka@csufresno.edu NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1639 EP 1665 DI 10.1093/petrology/egp045 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 491WH UT WOS:000269612100002 ER PT J AU Ellis, DH Craig, T Craig, E Postupalsky, S La Rue, CT Nelson, RW Anderson, DW Henny, CJ Watson, J Millsap, BA Dawson, JW Cole, KL Martin EM Margalida, A Kung, P AF Ellis, David H. Craig, Tim Craig, Erica Postupalsky, Sergei La Rue, Charles T. Nelson, R. Wayne Anderson, Daniel W. Henny, Charles J. Watson, Jeff Millsap, Brian A. Dawson, James W. Cole, Kenneth L. Martin, Elwood M. Margalida, Antoni Kung, Peter TI UNUSUAL RAPTOR NESTS AROUND THE WORLD SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE buzzard; eagle, falcon; hawk; nest; nest materials; owl; raven ID SINGLE OBSERVATIONS; EAGLE NESTS; FALCONS; CONSERVATION AB From surveys in many countries, we report using unusual nesting materials (e.g., paper money, rags, metal, antlers, and large bones) and unusual nesting situations. For example, we documented nests of Steppe Eagles [Aquila nipalensis] and Upland Buzzards [Buteo hemilasius] on the ground beside well-traveled roads, Saker Falcon [Falco cherrug] eyries in attics and a cistern, and Osprey [Pandian haliaetus] nests on the masts of boats and on a suspended automobile. Other records include a Golden Eagle [A. chrysaelos] nest 7.0 m in height, believed to be the tallest nest ever described, and, for the same species, we report nesting in rudimentary, nests. Some nest sites are within a Few meters of known predators or competitors. These unusual observations may be important in revealing the plasticity of a species' behavioral repertoire. C1 [Ellis, David H.] Inst Raptor Studies, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. [Craig, Tim; Craig, Erica] Bur Land Management, Cent Yukon Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Anderson, Daniel W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Henny, Charles J.] Forest & Rangeland Ecosys Sci Ctr, US Geolog Survey, Carvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Watson, Jeff] Scottish Nat Heritage, Dingwall IV7 8LP, Ross Shire, Scotland. [Millsap, Brian A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87012 USA. [Dawson, James W.] Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA. [Cole, Kenneth L.] No Arizona Univ, SW Biolog Res Ctr, US Geolog Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Margalida, Antoni] Bearded Vulture Study and Protect Grp, E-25520 El Pont De Suert, Lleida, Spain. [Kung, Peter] Earth Matters, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), Inst Raptor Studies, 3722 Defiance St, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. EM dcellis@theriver.com RI Margalida, Antoni/A-2723-2011; Mavoa, Suzanne/B-5372-2010; OI Margalida, Antoni/0000-0002-7383-671X; Margalida, Antoni/0000-0002-3904-6212 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 175 EP 198 DI 10.3356/JRR-08-110.1 PG 24 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 497XU UT WOS:000270099200001 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM AF Dorazio, Robert M. TI On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian nonparametrics; Dirichlet process; Empirical Bayes; Mixture models; Model uncertainty; Objective prior ID SEMIPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; NONPARAMETRIC PROBLEMS AB In hierarchical mixture models the Dirichlet process is used to specify latent patterns of heterogeneity, particularly when the distribution of latent parameters is thought to be clustered (multi modal). The parameters of a Dirichlet process include a precision parameter alpha and a base probability measure G(0). In problems where alpha is unknown and must be estimated, inferences about the level of clustering can be sensitive to the choice of prior assumed for alpha. In this paper an approach is developed for computing a prior for the precision parameter alpha that can be used in the presence or absence of prior information about the level of clustering. This approach is illustrated in an analysis of counts of stream fishes. The results of this fully Bayesian analysis are compared with an empirical Bayes analysis of the same data and with a Bayesian analysis based on an alternative commonly used prior. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 139 IS 9 BP 3384 EP 3390 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2009.03.009 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 470EE UT WOS:000267956600044 ER PT J AU Murphy, BG Bradway, D Walsh, T Sanders, GE Snekvik, K AF Murphy, Brian G. Bradway, Daniel Walsh, Timothy Sanders, George E. Snekvik, Kevin TI Gastric cryptosporidiosis in freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Angelfish; Cryptosporidium; cryptosporidiosis; fish; protozoa; Pterophyllum scalare ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; SPARUS-AURATA; MOLNARI; TAXONOMY AB A freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) hatchery experienced variable levels of emaciation, poor growth rates, swollen coelomic cavities, anorexia, listlessness, and increased mortality within their fish. Multiple chemotherapeutic trials had been attempted without success. In affected fish, large numbers of protozoa were identified both histologically and ultrastructurally associated with the gastric mucosa. The youngest cohort of parasitized fish was the most severely affected and demonstrated the greatest morbidity and mortality. The protozoa were morphologically most consistent with Cryptosporidium. All of the protozoan life stages were identified ultrastructurally and protozoal genomic DNA was isolated from parasitized tissue viscera and sequenced. Histological, ultrastructural, genetic, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed this protozoal organism to be a novel species of Cryptosporidium. C1 [Murphy, Brian G.; Snekvik, Kevin] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bradway, Daniel; Snekvik, Kevin] Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Walsh, Timothy] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC USA. [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanders, George E.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Murphy, BG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, 4206 Vet Med 3A,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bmurphy@ucdavis.edu NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5 BP 722 EP 727 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 496IH UT WOS:000269963400023 PM 19737774 ER PT J AU Tredick, CA Vaughan, MR AF Tredick, Catherine A. Vaughan, Michael R. TI DNA-Based Population Demographics of Black Bears in Coastal North Carolina and Virginia SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; density estimates; mark-recapture; National Wildlife Refuges; noninvasive genetic sampling; population estimates; sex ratios; Ursus americanus ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; GRIZZLY BEARS; URSUS-ARCTOS; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DENSITY; SIZE; MARK; CANADA; HAIR AB Noninvasive genetic sampling has become a popular method for obtaining population parameter estimates for black (Ursus americanus) and brown (U. arctos) bears. These estimates allow wildlife managers to develop appropriate management strategies for populations of concern. Black bear populations at Great Dismal Swamp (GDSNWR), Pocosin Lakes (PLNWR), and Alligator River (ARNWR) National Wildlife Refuges in coastal Virginia and North Carolina, USA, were perceived by refuge biologists to be at or above cultural and perhaps biological carrying capacity, but managers had no reliable abundance estimates upon which to base population management. We derived density estimates from 3,150 hair samples collected noninvasively at each of the 3 refuges, using 6-7 microsatellite markers to obtain multilocus genotypes for individual bears. We used Program MARK to calculate population estimates from capture histories at each refuge. We estimated densities using both traditional buffer strip methods and Program DENSITY. Estimated densities were some of the highest reported in the literature and ranged from 0.46 bears/km(2) at GDSNWR to 1.30 bears/km(2) at PLNWR. Sex ratios were male-biased at all refuges. Our estimates can be directly utilized by biologists to develop effective strategies for managing and maintaining bears at these refuges, and noninvasive methods may also be effective for monitoring bear populations over the long term. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1031-1039; 2009) C1 [Tredick, Catherine A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Vaughan, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Tredick, CA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ctredick@vt.edu FU USFWS; Virginia Tech; United States Geological Survey FX Funding for fieldwork and genetic analyses was provided by the USFWS, Virginia Tech, and the United States Geological Survey. D. Paetkau and his staff at Wildlife Genetics International did a superior job with analysis of genetic samples. We are grateful for the assistance of USFWS staff at all 3 refuges, particularly biologists R. Keel, W. Stanton, and D. Stewart. We also thank all graduate students, volunteers, and technicians who assisted with data collection in the field. R. Leaf, D. Dieffenbach, P. Doerr, and one anonymous reviewer provided constructive comments on and greatly improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1031 EP 1039 DI 10.2193/2007-075 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100002 ER PT J AU Sawyer, H Kauffman, MJ Nielson, RM AF Sawyer, Hall Kauffman, Matthew J. Nielson, Ryan M. TI Influence of Well Pad Activity on Winter Habitat Selection Patterns of Mule Deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE gas development; habitat selection; liquids gathering system (LGS); mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; predation risk; resource selection function; Wyoming ID WOODLAND CARIBOU; NORTHEASTERN ALBERTA; WILDLIFE RESPONSES; PREDATION RISK; ROADS; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; ELK; SNOWMOBILES; RECREATION AB Conversion of native winter range into producing gas fields can affect the habitat selection and distribution patterns of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Understanding how levels of human activity influence mule deer is necessary to evaluate mitigation measures and reduce indirect habitat loss to mule deer on winter ranges with natural gas development. We examined how 3 types of well pads with varying levels of vehicle traffic influenced mule deer habitat selection in western Wyoming during the winters of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. Well pad types included producing wells without a liquids gathering system (LGS), producing wells with a LGS, and well pads with active directional drilling. We used 36,699 Global Positioning System locations collected from a sample (n = 31) of adult (>1.5-yr-old) female mule deer to model probability of use as a function of traffic level and other habitat covariates. We treated each deer as the experimental unit and developed a population-level resource selection function for each winter by averaging coefficients among models for individual deer. Model coefficients and predictive maps for both winters suggested that mule deer avoided all types of well pads and selected areas further from well pads with high levels of traffic. Accordingly, impacts to mule deer could probably be reduced through technology and planning that minimizes the number of well pads and amount of human activity associated with them. Our results suggested that indirect habitat loss may be reduced by approximately 38-63% when condensate and produced water are collected in LGS pipelines rather than stored at well pads and removed via tanker trucks. The LGS seemed to reduce long-term (i.e., production phase) indirect habitat loss to wintering mule deer, whereas drilling in crucial winter range created a short-term (i.e., drilling phase) increase in deer disturbance and indirect habitat loss. Recognizing how mule deer respond to different types of well pads and traffic regimes may improve the ability of agencies and industry to estimate cumulative effects and quantify indirect habitat losses associated with different development scenarios. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1052-1061; 2009) C1 [Sawyer, Hall; Nielson, Ryan M.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM hsawyer@west-inc.com NR 60 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 7 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1052 EP 1061 DI 10.2193/2008-478 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100004 ER PT J AU Hecht, A Melvin, SM AF Hecht, Anne Melvin, Scott M. TI Expenditures and Effort Associated With Recovery of Breeding Atlantic Coast Piping Plovers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Coast; Charadrius melodus; endangered species; expenditures; piping plover; recovery ID ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; PREDATOR EXCLOSURES; NESTS AB We calculated expenditures and hours of staff and volunteer time dedicated to monitoring and managing the United States breeding population of Atlantic Coast piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) in 1993 and 2002 and considered implications for recovery of this management-dependent species. In 2002, 73 federal, state, and local governmental agencies and private organizations played key roles in conservation efforts at 281 piping plover breeding sites. Total inflation-adjusted estimated expenditures increased by 51% between 1993 and 2002, from US$2.28 million to $3.44 million, but annual per-pair expenditures declined 4% from $2,459 to $2,350, and hours of paid-staff effort were similar (93 hr/pair in 1993, 95 hr in 2002). Expenditures for on-site monitoring and management were greater than for 6 other categories of expenses in both years and increased from 42% to 59% of total costs between 1993 and 2002. Staff time and expenditures were higher at sites where more labor-intensive efforts to protect plovers from recreation and other human use were necessitated by greater human accessibility. Total expenditures in 2002 were modest compared to those for some other threatened and endangered species and to costs of large beach-stabilization projects. Our results provide a baseline for estimating future costs of piping plover protection, including development and implementation of the long-term management agreements that will be required to remove this species from United States Endangered Species Act protection. Impediments to reducing costs for Atlantic Coast piping plovers are the species' widespread distribution at low densities and the unrelenting threats posed by human activities and predators. Modest economies of scale may be achieved through arrangements for management and monitoring that span multiple landowners and include other at-risk beach species. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1099-1107; 2009) C1 [Hecht, Anne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Melvin, Scott M.] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Hecht, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 73 Weir Hill Rd, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. EM anne_hecht@fws.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1099 EP 1107 DI 10.2193/2008-061 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100009 ER PT J AU Grear, JS Meyer, MW Cooley, JH Kuhn, A Piper, WH Mitro, MG Vogel, HS Taylor, KM Kenow, KP Craig, SM Nacci, DE AF Grear, Jason S. Meyer, Michael W. Cooley, John H., Jr. Kuhn, Anne Piper, Walter H. Mitro, Matthew G. Vogel, Harry S. Taylor, Kate M. Kenow, Kevin P. Craig, Stacy M. Nacci, Diane E. TI Population Growth and Demography of Common Loons in the Northern United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE common loon; count-based population model; demography; density dependence; Gavia immer; matrix population model; population growth rate ID LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS; GAVIA-IMMER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; NEW-ENGLAND; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; AQUATIC BIRDS; MERCURY; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL AB We used recent developments in theoretical population ecology to construct basic models of common loon (Gavia immer) demography and population dynamics. We parameterized these models using existing survival estimates and data from long-term monitoring of loon productivity and abundance. Our models include deterministic, 2-stage, density-independent matrix models, yielding population growth-rate estimates (lambda) of 0.99 and 1.01 for intensively studied populations in our Wisconsin, USA, and New Hampshire, USA, study areas, respectively. Perturbation analysis of these models indicated that estimated growth rate is extremely sensitive to adult survival, as expected for this long-lived species. Also, we examined 20 years of count data for the 2 areas and evaluated support for a set of count-based models of population growth. We detected no temporal trend in Wisconsin, which would be consistent with fluctuation around an average equilibrium state but could also result from data limitations. For New Hampshire, the model set included varying formulations of density dependence and partitioning of stochasticity that were enabled by the annual sampling resolution. The best model for New Hampshire included density regulation of population growth and, along with the demographic analyses for both areas, provided insight into the possible importance of breeding habitat availability and the abundance of nonbreeding adults. Based on these results, we recommend that conservation organizations include nonbreeder abundance in common loon monitoring efforts and that additional emphasis be placed on identifying and managing human influences on adult loon survival. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1108-1115; 2009) C1 [Grear, Jason S.; Kuhn, Anne; Nacci, Diane E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Cooley, John H., Jr.; Vogel, Harry S.; Taylor, Kate M.] Loon Preservat Comm, Moultonboro, NH 03254 USA. [Piper, Walter H.] Chapman Univ, Dept Biol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Mitro, Matthew G.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Kenow, Kevin P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Craig, Stacy M.] Northland Coll, Sigurd Olson Environm Inst, LoonWatch Program, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Grear, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM grear.jason@epa.gov OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692; Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) [(U. S. EPA STAR R82-9085] FX We thank the volunteers and biologists who participated in field studies by the New Hampshire Loon Preservation Committee, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Chapman University, and Wisconsin LoonWatch. Also, we thank J. Awkerman, T. Boucher, M. Chintala, J. Copeland, D. Evers, T. Gleason, W. Munns, and E. Weissberger for comments and discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. This work was partially supported by a United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) Science to Achieve Results cooperative agreement (U. S. EPA STAR R82-9085). This is U. S. EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division contribution 07-108. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U. S. EPA, it has not been subjected to agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1108 EP 1115 DI 10.2193/2008-093 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100010 ER PT J AU Greer, DM Dugger, BD Reinecke, KJ Petrie, MJ AF Greer, Danielle M. Dugger, Bruce D. Reinecke, Kenneth J. Petrie, Mark J. TI Depletion of Rice as Food of Waterfowl Wintering in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE food availability; food depletion; habitat management; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; rice; wintering waterfowl ID MALLARD ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; CARRYING-CAPACITY; WASTE RICE; MODELS; DETERIORATION; AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VIGILANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Waterfowl habitat conservation strategies in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) and several other wintering areas assume carrying capacity is limited by available food, and increasing food resources is an effective conservation goal. Because existing research on winter food abundance and depletion is insufficient to test this hypothesis, we used harvested rice fields as model foraging habitats to determine if waste rice seed is depleted before spring migration. We sampled rice fields (n = 39 [winter 2000-2001], n = 69 [2001-2002]) to estimate seed mass when waterfowl arrived in late autumn and departed in late winter. We also placed exclosures in subsets of fields in autumn (n = 8 [2000-2001], n = 20 [2001-2002]) and compared seed mass inside and outside exclosures in late winter to estimate rice depletion attributable to waterfowl and other processes. Finally, we used an experiment to determine if the extent of rice depletion differed among fields of varying initial abundance and if the seed mass at which waterfowl ceased foraging or abandoned fields differed from a hypothesized giving-up value of 50 kg/ha. Mean seed mass was greater in late autumn 2000 than 2001 (127.0 vs. 83.9 kg/ha; P = 0.018) but decreased more during winter 2000-2001 than 2001-2002 (91.3 vs. 55.7 kg/ha) and did not differ at the end of winter (35.8 vs. 28.3 kg/ha; P = 0.651). Assuming equal loss to deterioration inside and outside exclosures, we estimated waterfowl consumed 61.3 kg/ha (48.3%) of rice present in late autumn 2000 and 21.1 kg/ha (25.1%) in 2001. When we manipulated late-autumn rice abundance, mean giving-up mass of rice seed was similar among treatments (48.7 kg/ha; P = 0.205) and did not differ from 50 kg/ha (P = 0.726). We integrated results by constructing scenarios in which waterfowl consumed rice at different times in winter, consumption and deterioration were competing risks, and consumption occurred only above 50 kg/ha. Results indicated waterfowl likely consumed available rice soon after fields were flooded and the amount consumed exceeded our empirical estimates but was <= 48% (winters pooled) of rice initially present. We suggest 1) using 50 kg/ha as a threshold below which profitability limits waterfowl feeding in MAV rice fields; 2) reducing the current estimate (130 kg/ha) of rice consumed in harvested fields to 47.2 kg/ha; and 3) increasing available rice by increasing total area of fields managed, altering management practices (e. g., staggered flooding), and exploring the potential for producing second or ratoon rice crops for waterfowl. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1125-1133; 2009) C1 [Greer, Danielle M.; Dugger, Bruce D.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Petrie, Mark J.] Ducks Unlimited Inc, Pacific NW Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Greer, DM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, 251 Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM daniellerutka@aol.com FU North American Wetlands Conservation Council; Ducks Unlimited's Institute for Wetlands and Waterfowl Research; Southern Illinois University; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon State University FX This study was part of a collaboration involving the Cooperative Wildlife Research Lab at Southern Illinois University, United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, and Mississippi State University. Funding was provided by the North American Wetlands Conservation Council, Ducks Unlimited's Institute for Wetlands and Waterfowl Research, Southern Illinois University, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Oregon State University. R. M. Kaminski and J. D. Stafford helped with project design and implementation. We thank D. Widner, R. Alexander, R. Hines, J. Kellum, P. Gideon, L. Smith, and R. Paterra for providing land and logistics for our threshold experiment and the 55 private landowners in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri who allowed us to sample their fields. We especially thank B. Cannon, E. Penny, E. Seckinger, J. Snyder, N. Jerstad, B. Bowers, T. Whyte, C. Cowan, M. Booz, B. Reishus, and A. Greer for collecting and processing samples. A. K. Greer, R. M. Kaminski, and J. D. Stafford provided constructive comments on previous drafts. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1125 EP 1133 DI 10.2193/2008-250 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100012 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Somershoe, SG AF Twedt, Daniel J. Somershoe, Scott G. TI Bird Response to Prescribed Silvicultural Treatments in Bottomland Hardwood Forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian density; bottomland hardwoods; conservation lands; desired forest conditions; forest management; Louisiana; silvicolous birds; variable retention harvest; wildlife-forestry ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; COMMUNITIES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE; SYSTEMS; STANDS AB Silvicultural treatments prescribed to enhance wildlife habitat by promoting structural heterogeneity via retention of large live trees, snags, and coarse woody debris has been termed wildlife-forestry. Wildlife-forestry has been advocated for management of bottomland hardwood forests on public conservation lands within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA. On Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge in northeast Louisiana, we used distance sampling during 6 visits to 138 point locations to estimate avian densities within stands subjected to variable-retention harvests, within a 13-year chronosequence, and untreated control stands. Densities of 9 species, including 6 species of conservation concern, were greater in treated stands than on untreated stands. Five species responded negatively to treatments and had greater densities in untreated control stands. Based on conservation concern scores established by Partners in Flight and annual detections of each of 30 species, treated stands afforded greater community-wide bird conservation than did untreated stands. For most species, maximum treatment response was between 5 years and 8 years posttreatment with duration of treatment effect <13 years. Therefore, habitat conditions on treated stands should be reevaluated at circa 15-year intervals and, if warranted, additional silvicultural treatment prescribed to rejuvenate habitat conditions. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1140-1150; 2009) C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.; Somershoe, Scott G.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX Support for this study was provided by United States Geological Survey and United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank A. Finfera and E. Farley for assistance with data collection and S. J. Dinsmore, M. Smith, and T. Marques for assistance with analyses. This paper was improved by comments provided by J. Hagar and D. Dawson. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1140 EP 1150 DI 10.2193/2008-441 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100014 ER PT J AU Jonker, SA Organ, JF Muth, RM Zwick, RR Siemer, WF AF Jonker, Sandra A. Organ, John F. Muth, Robert M. Zwick, Rodney R. Siemer, William F. TI Stakeholder Norms Toward Beaver Management in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE beaver; Castor canadensis; damage; management; Massachusetts; norms; stakeholder ID WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; ACCEPTANCE AB In Massachusetts, USA, both human and beaver (Castor canadensis) population levels are increasing, beaver damage complaints are escalating, and beaver management options are restricted by the 1996 Wildlife Protection Act. We looked at the public's norms toward beavers in Massachusetts. In 2002 we sent a mail-back questionnaire to a random sample of 5,563 residents in 3 geographic regions in Massachusetts and to residents who submitted a beaver complaint to Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife) in 1999-2000 (47.3% overall response rate). Respondents supported some form of beaver management. As severity of beaver damage was perceived to increase, respondents were more willing to accept lethal management and control of beavers. These results emphasize the importance of how tolerance and acceptability of wildlife are influenced by the type of activity the animal is engaged in, the type of management action that is proposed, the positive or negative perception of a species in the eye of the public, and the public's preference for future population levels. A full understanding of these 4 points will help tailor management accordingly, because this knowledge can define a threshold of acceptance by the public for anticipated management actions. Restoration of full beaver management authority to the cognizant wildlife management agency would facilitate application of normative information to determine appropriate management response for minimizing conflicts between humans and beavers. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1158-1165; 2009) C1 [Jonker, Sandra A.; Siemer, William F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Organ, John F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Muth, Robert M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Zwick, Rodney R.] Lyndon State Coll, Dept Recreat Resources, Lyndonville, VT 05851 USA. RP Jonker, SA (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2108 Grand Blvd, Vancouver, BC 98661, Canada. EM Jonker@dfw.wa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1158 EP 1165 DI 10.2193/2004-160 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100016 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CC Podruzny, S Cain, SL Cherry, S AF Schwartz, Charles C. Podruzny, Shannon Cain, Steven L. Cherry, Steve TI Performance of Spread Spectrum Global Positioning System Collars on Grizzly and Black Bears SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; brown bear; fix success; Global Positioning System (GPS); radiotelemetry; spread spectrum; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; HABITAT SELECTION; BROWN BEARS; HOME-RANGE; GPS; BEHAVIOR; BIAS; PATTERNS AB Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry is a prevalent tool now used in the study of large mammals. Global Positioning Systems either store the data on board the collar or contain a remote-transfer system that allows for data recovery at more frequent intervals. Spread spectrum (S-S) technology is a new mode of data transfer designed to overcome interference problems associated with narrow-band very high frequency and ultra high frequency data-transfer systems. We evaluated performance of S-S GPS radiocollars deployed on grizzly (Ursus arctos) and black bears (U. americanus). We also evaluated variables that influenced GPS fix success rates, with particular focus on animal activity, time of year, and temperature. The S-S GPS collars performed to our expectations and met study objectives; we did not experience any major problems with the data-transfer system. We observed varying rates of fix success that were directly related to recorded activity counts. Using logistic regression, we verified that activity counts were a reasonable measure of resting or feeding-traveling in both bear species. Our results showed that 73% and 79% of missed fixes, respectively, occurred when we predicted black and grizzly bears to be resting. Temperatures measured in the canister of the collar were not correlated with air temperature, suggesting posture and activity influenced canister temperature. Both measures of temperature were predictive of fix success. We did not find that fix success was related to body morphology (i.e., neck circumference, mass, and chest girth), fix interval, position of the GPS antenna relative to the sky, or sex of the bear. We conclude that fix success for both species is strongly related to activity patterns and time of year. Activity counters appear to be a reasonable measure of this behavior, and we recommend researchers consider including an activity-count system when deploying GPS collars. We also recommend researchers explore building separate models of habitat selection based upon categories of activity to account for bias in fix success associated with bear behavior. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1174-1183; 2009) C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.; Podruzny, Shannon] Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cherry, Steve] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cain, Steven L.] Natl Pk Serv, Moose, WY 83012 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; National Park Service FX This study was funded in by the United States Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, and the National Park Service. We thank student volunteers J. Akins, C. Alarcon, J. Balcomb, J. Ball, A. Hornsby, C. Hurin, K. Kapp, B. Karabensh, S. Mueller, M. Packila, K. Quinton, M. Riley, T. Rosen, and A. Sorensen who worked tireless hours collecting feed-site information. We also thank T. Graves and K. Keating for early review of this manuscript as part of the Fundamental Sciences Practices requirements for the United States Geological Survey, and we thank K. West and S. Tomkiewicz for editorial comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1174 EP 1183 DI 10.2193/2008-514 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100018 ER PT J AU Charney, ND Letcher, BH Haro, A Warren, PS AF Charney, Noah D. Letcher, Benjamin H. Haro, Alex Warren, Paige S. TI Terrestrial Passive Integrated Transponder Antennae for Tracking Small Animal Movements SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma opacum; marbled salamander; Massachusetts; migration; movement; passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags; radio frequency identification (RFID); small animal; technology; tracking ID AMBYSTOMA-OPACUM; SPOTTED SALAMANDERS; MARBLED SALAMANDERS; BUFFER ZONES; PIT TAG; EMIGRATION; SYSTEM; FISH; CONSERVATION; ORIENTATION AB Measuring terrestrial movements of small animals poses a substantial technological challenge. We developed very long (up to 130 m) passive integrated transponder (PIT) detectors with which we tracked salamanders (Caudata) migrating from breeding ponds to their upland habitat >200 m away. In all 60 trials, salamanders were detected when released near the antennae. In a second test, we tracked 7 of 14 tagged marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum) migrating >65 m, well beyond the area protected by existing wetland buffer regulations in Massachusetts, USA. The mean rate of movement for these salamanders ((x) over bar = 0.9 m/min; SE = 0.1 m/min) was substantially higher than rates of movement reported for related salamanders with radio-implants. These PIT antennae offer researchers a means to study small animal movements with less disruption of the animals' natural movement patterns than is caused by other available techniques. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1245-1250; 2009) C1 [Charney, Noah D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Morrill Sci Ctr 319, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Haro, Alex] US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Warren, Paige S.] Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Charney, ND (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Morrill Sci Ctr 319, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM noah@alumni.amherst.edu OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172 FU National Science Foundation; Amherst College Lloyd I. Rosenblum Memorial Fellowship FX T. Dubreuil, M. O'Donnell, T. Evans, T. Castro-Santros, and R. Janaswamy provided critical expertise in antennae construction. We thank K. McGarigal, E. Plunkett, L. Gamble, and C. Jenkins for necessary prior field work, data, and advice. S. Record, C. Eiseman, K. Corr, and D. Paulson contributed essential field assistance. L. Hunter helped by reviewing electrodynamics derivations. We thank 2 anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions. N. Charney was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Equipment purchases were made possible by an Amherst College Lloyd I. Rosenblum Memorial Fellowship. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1245 EP 1250 DI 10.2193/2008-096 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 490FM UT WOS:000269484100028 ER PT J AU Schulz, WH McKenna, JP Kibler, JD Biavati, G AF Schulz, William H. McKenna, Jonathan P. Kibler, John D. Biavati, Giulia TI Relations between hydrology and velocity of a continuously moving landslide-evidence of pore-pressure feedback regulating landslide motion? SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Slumgullion; Dilation; Pore-water pressure; Velocity; Colorado; USA ID SEASONAL MOVEMENT; DEBRIS FLOWS; SHEAR ZONES; MOBILIZATION; CALIFORNIA; RAINFALL; FAULTS; SOIL AB We measured displacement, pore-water pressure, and climatic conditions for 3 years at the continuously moving Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA. The landslide accelerated when pore-water pressure increased within the landslide body, but this occurred as pore-water pressure decreased along the landslide margin. The decrease probably occurred in response to shear-induced soil dilation at rates greater than pore-pressure diffusion and likely increased resistance to shear displacement and resulted in landslide deceleration. This dilative strengthening has been experimentally observed and explained theoretically, but not previously identified during field studies. Although landslide displacement should have exceeded that required to achieve critical-state density of shear boundaries, observed relocation of these boundaries indicates that shearing is episodic at fixed locations, so it permits renewed dilative strengthening when "fresh" soil is sheared. Thus, dilatant strengthening may be a considerable mechanism controlling landslide velocity, even for landslides that have continuously moved great distances. C1 [Schulz, William H.; McKenna, Jonathan P.; Kibler, John D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Biavati, Giulia] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Schulz, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wschulz@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X EI 1612-5118 J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10346-009-0157-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 494ZM UT WOS:000269858800002 ER PT J AU Boswell, R Shelander, D Lee, M Latham, T Collett, T Guerin, G Moridis, G Reagan, M Goldberg, D AF Boswell, Ray Shelander, Dianna Lee, Myung Latham, Tom Collett, Tim Guerin, Gilles Moridis, George Reagan, Matthew Goldberg, Dave TI Occurrence of gas hydrate in Oligocene Frio sand: Alaminos Canyon Block 818: Northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Gulf of Mexico; Alaminos Canyon; Frio sand ID PERDIDO FOLD BELT; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SEA-FLOOR; MISSISSIPPI CANYON; BEARING SEDIMENTS; KEATHLEY CANYON; DEEP-WATER; VELOCITIES; SYSTEMS; SEEPS AB A unique set of high-quality downhole shallow subsurface well log data combined with industry standard 3D seismic data from the Alaminos Canyon area has enabled the first detailed description of a concentrated gas hydrate accumulation within sand in the Gulf of Mexico. The gas hydrate occurs within very fine grained, immature volcaniclastic sands of the Oligocene Frio sand. Analysis of well data acquired from the Alaminos Canyon Block 818 #1 ("Tigershark") well shows a total gas hydrate occurrence 13 m thick, with inferred gas hydrate saturation as high as 80% of sediment pore space. Average porosity in the reservoir is estimated from log data at approximately 42%. Permeability in the absence of gas hydrates, as revealed from the analysis of core samples retrieved from the well, ranges from 600 to 1500 millidarcies. The 3-D seismic data reveals a strong reflector consistent with significant increase in acoustic velocities that correlates with the top of the gas-hydrate-bearing sand. This reflector extends across an area of approximately 0.8 km(2) and delineates the minimal probable extent of the gas hydrate accumulation. The base of the inferred gas-hydrate zone also correlates well with a very strong seismic reflector that indicates transition into units of significantly reduced acoustic velocity. Seismic inversion analyses indicate uniformly high gas-hydrate saturations throughout the region where the Frio sand exists within the gas hydrate stability zone. Numerical modeling of the potential production of natural gas from the interpreted accumulation indicates serious challenges for depressurization-based production in settings with strong potential pressure Support from extensive underlying aquifers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Shelander, Dianna] Schlumberger Reservoir Seism Serv, Houston, TX USA. [Lee, Myung; Collett, Tim] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Latham, Tom] Chevron N Amer Explorat & Prod Co, Houston, TX USA. [Guerin, Gilles; Goldberg, Dave] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [Moridis, George; Reagan, Matthew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boswell, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM ray.boswell@netl.doe.gov RI Reagan, Matthew/D-1129-2015; OI Reagan, Matthew/0000-0001-6225-4928; Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1499 EP 1512 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.03.005 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 500UF UT WOS:000270330300013 ER PT J AU Draut, AE Hart, PE Lorenson, TD Ryan, HF Wong, FL Sliter, RW Conrad, JE AF Draut, Amy E. Hart, Patrick E. Lorenson, Thomas D. Ryan, Holly F. Wong, Florence L. Sliter, Ray W. Conrad, James E. TI Late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentation and hydrocarbon seeps on the continental shelf of a steep, tectonically active margin, southern California, USA SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE Continental shelf; Fluvial sediment; Hydrocarbon seeps; Southern California ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; OAK-RIDGE FAULT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; PALOS-VERDES; BASIN; VENTURA; RATES AB Small, steep, uplifting coastal watersheds are prolific sediment producers that contribute significantly to the global marine sediment budget. This study illustrates how sedimentation evolves in one such system where the continental shelf is largely sediment-starved, with most terrestrial sediment bypassing the shelf in favor of deposition in deeper basins. The Santa Barbara-Ventura coast of southern California, USA, is considered a classic area for the study of active tectonics and of Tertiary and Quaternary climatic evolution, interpretations of which depend upon an understanding of sedimentation patterns. High-resolution seismic-reflection data over > 570 km(2) of this shelf show that sediment production is concentrated in a few drainage basins, with the Ventura and Santa Clara River deltas containing most of the upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediment on the shelf. Away from those deltas, the major factor controlling shelf sedimentation is the interaction of wave energy with coastline geometry. Depocenters containing sediment 5-20 m thick exist opposite broad coastal embayments, whereas relict material (bedrock below a regional unconformity) is exposed at the sea floor in areas of the shelf opposite coastal headlands. Locally, natural hydrocarbon seeps interact with sediment deposition either to produce elevated tar-and-sediment mounds or as gas plumes that hinder sediment settling. As much as 80% of fluvial sediment delivered by the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers is transported off the shelf (some into the Santa Barbara Basin and some into the Santa Monica Basin via Hueneme Canyon), leaving a shelf with relatively little recent sediment accumulation. Understanding factors that control large-scale sediment dispersal along a rapidly uplifting coast that produces substantial quantities of sediment has implications for interpreting the ancient stratigraphic record of active and transform continental margins, and for inferring the distribution of hydrocarbon resources in relict shelf deposits. C1 [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hart, Patrick E.; Lorenson, Thomas D.; Ryan, Holly F.; Wong, Florence L.; Sliter, Ray W.; Conrad, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM adraut@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 FU California State Waters Mapping Program (California Coastal Conservancy); U.S. Minerals Management Service FX This work by the U. S. Geological Survey was supported by the California State Waters Mapping Program (California Coastal Conservancy) and U.S. Minerals Management Service. We thank H. J. Lee, J. A. Warrick, S. Y. Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers for discussions and constructive reviews that improved this manuscript. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s11001-009-9076-y PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 528GI UT WOS:000272430400004 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Bukry, D Dean, WE Addison, JA Finney, B AF Barron, John A. Bukry, David Dean, Walter E. Addison, Jason A. Finney, Bruce TI Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Alaska during the past 15,000 years: Results from diatoms, silicoflagellates, and geochemistry SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Holocene; Younger Dryas; Bolling-Allerod; Gulf of Alaska; Upwelling; Diatoms; Silicoflagellates; Geochemistry; Sea ice; Productivity ID SEA-DRILLING-PROJECT; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; LATE QUATERNARY; BERING-SEA; EL-NINO; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; GREENLAND ICE; OKHOTSK SEAS AB High-resolution records of diatoms, silicoflagellates, and geochemistry covering the past 15,000 years were studied in three cores from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Core EW0408-85JC in an oceanic setting on the Kayak Slope displays a paleoceanographic record similar to that at several locations on the California margin during deglaciation. Biologic productivity as reconstructed using geochemical and microfossil proxies increased abruptly during the Bolling-Allerod (Bo-Al) warm interval (14.7-12.9 cat ka), declined during the Younger Dryas (YD) cold interval (12.9 to 11.7 cat kyr BP), and rose again during the earliest Holocene. At this site, the record after similar to 11 cat kyr BP is dominated by oceanic diatoms and silicoflagellates, with geochemical proxies displaying more subtle variation. Cores EW0408-66JC in the Yakobi Sea Valley near Cross Sound and EW0408-11JC in the Gulf of Esquibel contain an expanded, composite record along the southeast Alaskan margin. Core 66JC contains a detailed record of the Bo-Al and YD. Diatoms and silicoflagellates indicate that coastal upwelling and biosiliceous productivity were strong during the Bo-Al but declined during the YD. Sea ice-related diatoms increased in abundance during the YD, indicating cooler, but less productive waters. The glacial to biogenic marine sediment transition in core 11JC occurs at 1280 cmbsf (centimeters below sea floor), probably representing rising sea level and deglaciation early in the Bo-Al. Freshwater and sea-ice related diatoms are common in the lower part of the core (Bo-Al and YD), but upwelling-related diatoms and silicoflagellates quickly increased in relative abundance up-core, dominating the record of the past 11,000 years. Low oxygen conditions in the bottom water as reconstructed using geochemical proxies (U and Mo concentration) were most intense between similar to 6.5 and 2.8 cat kyr BP, the beginning of which is coincident with increases in abundance of upwelling-related diatoms. The records from these three cores jointly thus made it possible to reconstruct paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic conditions at high northern Pacific latitudes during the last 15 kyr. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barron, John A.; Bukry, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Addison, Jason A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Quaternary Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Addison, Jason A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Finney, Bruce] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov; dbukry@usgs.gov; dean@usgs.gov; ftjaal@uaf.edu; finney@isu.edu OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 NR 106 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 176 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.04.006 PG 20 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 496CB UT WOS:000269944700006 ER PT J AU Weisberg, MK Smith, C Benedix, G Herd, CDK Righter, K Haack, H Yamaguchi, A Chennaoui Aoudjehane, H Grossman, JN AF Weisberg, Michael K. Smith, Caroline Benedix, Gretchen Herd, Christopher D. K. Righter, Kevin Haack, Henning Yamaguchi, Akira Chennaoui Aoudjehane, Hasnaa Grossman, Jeffrey N. TI The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 96, September 2009 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 96 contains a total of 1590 newly approved meteorite names with their relevant data. These include 12 from specific locations within Africa, 76 from northwest Africa, 9 from the Americas, 13 from Asia, I from Australia, 2 from Europe, 950 from Antarctica recovered by the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE), and 527 from the American Antarctic program (ANSMET). Among these meteorites are 4 falls, Almahata Sitta. (Sudan), Sulagiri (India), Ash Creek (United States), and Maribo (Denmark). Almahata Sitta is an anomalous ureilite and is debris from asteroid 2008 TC3 and Maribo, is a CM2 chondrite. Other highlights include a lunar meteorite, a CM1 chondrite, and an anomalous IVA iron. C1 [Weisberg, Michael K.] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Weisberg, Michael K.] CUNY, Grad Sch, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Weisberg, Michael K.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Smith, Caroline; Benedix, Gretchen] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Smith, Caroline] Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Herd, Christopher D. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Righter, Kevin] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Code KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Haack, Henning] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Yamaguchi, Akira] Natl Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Chennaoui Aoudjehane, Hasnaa] Univ Hassan II Casablanca, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Casablanca, Morocco. [Grossman, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20194 USA. RP Weisberg, MK (reprint author), CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, 2001 Oriental Blvd, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. EM meteorite@kingsborough.edu RI Haack, Henning/A-4807-2013; OI Haack, Henning/0000-0002-4618-3178; Benedix, Gretchen/0000-0003-0990-8878 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1355 EP 1397 PG 43 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 518NC UT WOS:000271698600007 ER PT J AU Rubin, DM Hesp, PA AF Rubin, David M. Hesp, Patrick A. TI Multiple origins of linear dunes on Earth and Titan SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONALLY VARYING FLOWS; LONGITUDINAL DUNES; LATERAL MIGRATION; CASSINI RADAR; SAND DUNES; DESERT; CLASSIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; DYNAMICS; DRIZZLE AB Dunes with relatively long and parallel crests are classified as linear dunes. On Earth, they form in at least two environmental settings: where winds of bimodal direction blow across loose sand, and also where single-direction winds blow over sediment that is locally stabilized, be it through vegetation, sediment cohesion or topographic shelter from the winds. Linear dunes have also been identified on Titan, where they are thought to form in loose sand. Here we present evidence that in the Qaidam Basin, China, linear dunes are found downwind of transverse dunes owing to higher cohesiveness in the downwind sediments, which contain larger amounts of salt and mud. We also present a compilation of other settings where sediment stabilization has been reported to produce linear dunes. We suggest that in this dune-forming process, loose sediment accumulates on the dunes and is stabilized; the stable dune then functions as a topographic shelter, which induces the deposition of sediments downwind. We conclude that a model in which Titan's dunes formed similarly in cohesive sediments cannot be ruled out by the existing data. C1 [Rubin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hesp, Patrick A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM drubin@usgs.gov RI Hesp, Patrick/I-3403-2013 OI Hesp, Patrick/0000-0003-4573-2945 FU Australian Academy of Science; Chinese Academy of Science FX We thank A. Draut, J. Xu, and J. Warrick (all at USGS, Santa Cruz), J. Barnes (University of Idaho), and J. Radebaugh (Brigham Young University) for reviewing this manuscript and offering constructive comments. We also thank the Australian Academy of Science and the Chinese Academy of Science for funding and support, G. M. da Silva for analytical assistance, and M. L. Eggart for cartographic assistance. NR 40 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 9 BP 653 EP 658 DI 10.1038/NGEO610 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 497LY UT WOS:000270062200019 ER PT J AU Adams, J Scott, D McKechnie, S Blackwell, G Shaffer, SA Moller, H AF Adams, Josh Scott, Darren McKechnie, Sam Blackwell, Grant Shaffer, Scott A. Moller, Henrik TI Effects of geolocation archival tags on reproduction and adult body mass of sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding success; foraging; geolocation and telemetry; shearwaters; sooty shearwaters; tag effects ID PTERODROMA-MACROPTERA GOULDI; NEW-ZEALAND; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; CASSINS AUKLETS; PELAGIC SEABIRD; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DATA-LOGGERS; BEHAVIOR AB We attached 11 g (1.4% body-mass equivalent) global location sensing (GLS) archival tag packages to tarsi of 25 breeding sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus, titi) on Whenua Hou (Codfish Island), New Zealand during the chick-rearing period in 2005. Compared with chicks reared by non-handled adults that did not carry tags, deployment of tags on one or both adult parents ultimately resulted in 35% reduction in chick body mass and significantly reduced chick skeletal size preceding fledging (19 April). However, body mass between chick groups was not significantly different after controlling for skeletal size. Effects on chicks were more pronounced in six pairs where both parents carried tags. Chick mass was negatively related to the duration that adults carried tags. In this study, none of the chicks reared by pairs where both parents were tagged, 54% of chicks reared by pairs where one parent was tagged, and 83% of chicks reared by non-handled and non-tagged parents achieved a previously determined pre-fledging mass threshold (564 g; Sagar & Horning 1998). Body mass of adults carrying tags and returning from trans-equatorial migration the following year were 4% lighter on average than non-tagged birds, but this difference was not statistically significant. Reduced mass among chicks reared by adults carrying tags during the chick-provisioning period indicated that adults altered "normal" provisioning behaviours to maintain their own body condition at the expense of their chicks. Population-level information derived from telemetry studies can reveal important habitat-linked behaviours, unique aspects of sea-bird foraging behaviours, and migration ecology. Information for some species (e.g., overlap with fisheries) can aid conservation and marine ecosystem management. We advise caution, however, when interpreting certain data related to adult provisioning behaviours (e.g., time spent foraging, provisioning rates, etc.). If effects on individuals are of concern, we suggest shorter-term deployments, smaller and lighter tags, and alternative attachment techniques, especially when investigating threatened or endangered species. C1 [Adams, Josh; Scott, Darren; McKechnie, Sam; Blackwell, Grant; Moller, Henrik] Univ Otago, Ctr Study Agr Food & Environm, Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu Res Team, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Adams, Josh] Moss Landing Marine Labs, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Otago, Ctr Study Agr Food & Environm, Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu Res Team, POB 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. EM josh_adams@usgs.gov RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009 OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059 FU Whenua Hou Management Committee; Rakiura Titi Islands Administering Body; Zoology Department of the University of Otago; Te Whare Wananga O Otago; Southland Department of Conservation; Tagging of Pacific Pelagics (TOPP); New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We thank the titi research team and members of the field crew, R. Mules, B. Newton, and D. Vercoe for assistance with tag deployments and recovery. C. Baduini (Claremont Colleges, California, USA) provided molecular sexing from blood samples. The Whenua Hou Management Committee, Rakiura Titi Islands Administering Body, the Zoology Department of the University of Otago, Te Whare Wananga O Otago, Southland Department of Conservation issued permits and supported this project. This research was conducted as part of the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics (TOPP) program and the Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu Research project (the latter funded mainly by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science & Technology). SAS received financial assistance from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, and the National Science Foundation. All protocols were approved by the UCSC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Otago. Thanks to A. Lal, C. MacLeod, K. Wilson, and M. Rayner for valuable comments that improved this manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 27 PU RSNZ PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 598, WELLINGTON, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 0301-4223 J9 NEW ZEAL J ZOOL JI N. Z. J. Zool. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 520YC UT WOS:000271884600010 ER PT J AU Kock, TJ Evans, SD Liedtke, TL Rondorf, DW Kohn, M AF Kock, Tobias J. Evans, Scott D. Liedtke, Theresa L. Rondorf, Dennis W. Kohn, Mike TI Evaluation of Strobe Lights to Reduce Turbine Entrainment of Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOWER GRANITE DAM; CHINOOK SALMON; FISH BEHAVIOR; SNAKE RIVER; WELLS DAM; GROWTH; BYPASS; TRANSMITTERS; PERFORMANCE; AVOIDANCE AB We conducted a radiotelemetry evaluation to determine if strobe lights could be used to decrease turbine entrainment of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington. We found that radio-tagged juvenile steelhead approached and entered two spillbays (one lighted, one unlighted) in equal proportions. However, the presence of strobe lights was associated with decreased spillbay residence time of juvenile steelhead and increased passage through induction slots (secondary turbine intakes located upstream of the ogee on the spillway). Mean residence time of tagged fish inside the lighted spillbay was 14 min compared to 62 min inside the unlighted spillbay. Radio-tagged steelhead passed through induction slots at a higher proportion in the lighted spillbay (55%) than in the unlighted spillbay (26%). Recent studies have suggested that strobe lights can induce torpor in juvenile salmonids. We believe that strobe light exposure affected fish in our study at a location where they were susceptible to high flows thereby reducing mean residence time and increasing the proportion of tagged fish entering induction slots in the lighted spillbay. Our results suggest that factors such as deployment location, exposure, and flow are important variables that should be considered when evaluating strobe lights as a potential fish-deterring management tool. C1 [Kock, Tobias J.; Evans, Scott D.; Liedtke, Theresa L.; Rondorf, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Kohn, Mike] Cowlitz Falls Project, Morton, WA 98356 USA. RP Kock, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM tkock@usgs.gov FU Public Utility District No. 1 of Lewis County, Washington FX We thank our colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey's Columbia River Research Laboratory whose efforts contributed to the success of this study. Reviews by Steve Hiebert, Ken Tiffan, John Serl and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Public Utility District No. 1 of Lewis County, Washington. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute-an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of the Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 83 IS 4 BP 308 EP 314 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508KQ UT WOS:000270930100002 ER PT J AU Carter, GA Lucas, KL Blossom, GA Lassitter, CL Holiday, DM Mooneyhan, DS Fastring, DR Holcombe, TR Griffith, JA AF Carter, Gregory A. Lucas, Kelly L. Blossom, Gabriel A. Lassitter, Cheryl L. Holiday, Dan M. Mooneyhan, David S. Fastring, Danielle R. Holcombe, Tracy R. Griffith, Jerry A. TI Remote Sensing and Mapping of Tamarisk along the Colorado River, USA: A Comparative Use of Summer-Acquired Hyperion, Thematic Mapper and QuickBird Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE invasive species; Hyperion; Thematic Mapper; QuickBird; image resolution AB Tamarisk (Tamarix spp., saltcedar) is a well-known invasive phreatophyte introduced from Asia to North America in the 1800s. This report compares the efficacy of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM5), QuickBird (QB) and EO-1 Hyperion data in discriminating tamarisk populations near De Beque, Colorado, USA. As a result of highly correlated reflectance among the spectral bands provided by each sensor, relatively standard image analysis methods were employed. Multispectral data at high spatial resolution (QB, 2.5 m Ground Spatial Distance or GSD) proved more effective in tamarisk delineation than either multispectral (TM5) or hyperspectral (Hyperion) data at moderate spatial resolution (30 m GSD). C1 [Carter, Gregory A.; Lucas, Kelly L.; Blossom, Gabriel A.; Holiday, Dan M.; Mooneyhan, David S.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Geospatial Ctr, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. [Carter, Gregory A.; Griffith, Jerry A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Geog & Geol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Lassitter, Cheryl L.; Holiday, Dan M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Fastring, Danielle R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Holcombe, Tracy R.] United States Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Carter, GA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Geospatial Ctr, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. EM greg.carter@gcgcusm.org; kelly.lucas@gcgcusm.org; gblossom2020@yahoo.com; cheryl.lassitter@noaa.gov; dan.holiday@usm.edu; david.mooneyhan@gcgcusm.org; danielle.fastring@gmail.com; holcombet@usgs.gov; griffith@usm.edu FU NASA Earth Science Division, Applied Sciences Program FX The authors thank Rodney McKellip, Steve Tate, Jeff Morisette and Tom Stohlgren for assistance in the initial phases of this project. This project was sponsored by the NASA Earth Science Division, Applied Sciences Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 318 EP 329 DI 10.3390/rs1030318 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HC UT WOS:000208400500011 ER PT J AU Evangelista, PH Stohlgren, TJ Morisette, JT Kumar, S AF Evangelista, Paul H. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Morisette, Jeffrey T. Kumar, Sunil TI Mapping Invasive Tamarisk (Tamarix): A Comparison of Single-Scene and Time-Series Analyses of Remotely Sensed Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Landsat 7 ETM+; Maxent; phenology; remote sensing; spatial modeling; Tamarix; time-series AB In this study, we tested the Maximum Entropy model (Maxent) for its application and performance in remotely sensing invasive Tamarix sp. Six Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite scenes and a suite of vegetation indices at different times of the growing season were selected for our study area along the Arkansas River in Colorado. Satellite scenes were selected for April, May, June, August, September, and October and tested in single-scene and time-series analyses. The best model was a time-series analysis fit with all spectral variables, which had an AUC = 0.96, overall accuracy = 0.90, and Kappa = 0.79. The top predictor variables were June tasselled cap wetness, September tasselled cap wetness, and October band 3. A second time-series analysis, where the variables that were highly correlated and demonstrated low predictive strengths were removed, was the second best model. The third best model was the October single-scene analysis. Our results may prove to be an effective approach for mapping Tamarix sp., which has been a challenge for resource managers. Of equal importance is the positive performance of the Maxent model in handling remotely sensed datasets. C1 [Evangelista, Paul H.; Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Evangelista, PH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM paulevan@nrel.colostate.edu; thomas.stohlgren@usgs.gov; jeff.morisette@usgs.gov; sunil@nrel.colostate.edu RI Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016; Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 NR 64 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 519 EP 533 DI 10.3390/rs1030519 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HC UT WOS:000208400500022 ER PT J AU Kokaly, RF Asner, GP Ollinger, SV Martin, ME Wessman, CA AF Kokaly, Raymond F. Asner, Gregory P. Ollinger, Scott V. Martin, Mary E. Wessman, Carol A. TI Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on the State of Science of Environmental Applications of Imaging Spectroscopy held in honor of Alexander FH Goetz CY 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE DE Canopy chemistry; Imaging spectroscopy; Nitrogen; Lignin; Cellulose; AVIRIS; Water; Hyperspectral; Net primary production; NPP ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; LEAF OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; FOREST CANOPY; AVIRIS DATA; ABSORPTION FEATURES; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY AB For two decades, remotely sensed data from imaging spectrometers have been used to estimate non-pigment biochemical constituents of vegetation, including water, nitrogen, cellulose, and lignin. This interest has been motivated by the important role that these substances play in physiological processes such as photosynthesis, their relationships with ecosystem processes such as litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and their use in identifying key plant species and functional groups. This paper reviews three areas of research to improve the application of imaging spectrometers to quantify non-pigment biochemical constituents of plants. First, we examine recent empirical and modeling studies that have advanced our understanding of leaf and canopy reflectance spectra in relation to plant biochemistry. Next, we present recent examples of how spectroscopic remote sensing methods are applied to characterize vegetation canopies, communities and ecosystems. Third, we highlight the latest developments in using imaging spectrometer data to quantify net primary production (NPP) over large geographic areas. Finally, we discuss the major challenges in quantifying non-pigment biochemical constituents of plant canopies from remotely sensed spectra. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kokaly, Raymond F.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ollinger, Scott V.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Martin, Mary E.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wessman, Carol A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wessman, Carol A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kokaly, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM raymond@usgs.gov RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 NR 105 TC 181 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 113 BP S78 EP S91 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 478CG UT WOS:000268564800009 ER PT J AU Moser, KF Ahn, C Noe, GB AF Moser, Kurt F. Ahn, Changwoo Noe, Gregory B. TI The Influence of Microtopography on Soil Nutrients in Created Mitigation Wetlands SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE created wetland; disking; microtopography; soil nutrients; surface roughness; wetland mitigation ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; VEGETATION; PLANTS; BIODIVERSITY; LIMITATION; DIVERSITY; MEHLICH-3 AB This study explores the relationship between microtopography and soil nutrients (and trace elements), comparing results for created and reference wetlands in Virginia, and examining the effects of disking during wetland creation. Replicate multiscale tangentially conjoined circular transects were used to quantify microtopography both in terms of elevation and by two microtopographic indices. Corresponding soil samples were analyzed for moisture content, total C and N, KCl-extractable NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N, and Mehlich-3 extractable P, Ca, Mg, K, Al, Fe, and Mn. Means and variances of soil nutrient/element concentrations were compared between created and natural wetlands and between disked and nondisked created wetlands. Natural sites had higher and more variable soil moisture, higher extractable P and Fe, lower Mn than created wetlands, and comparatively high variability in nutrient concentrations. Disked sites had higher soil moisture, NH(4)-N, Fe, and Mn than did nondisked sites. Consistently low variances (Levene test for inequality) suggested that nondisked sites had minimal nutrient heterogeneity. Across sites, low P availability was inferred by the molar ratio (Mehlich-3 [P/(Al + Fe)] < 0.06); strong intercorrelations among total C, total N, and extractable Fe, Al, and P suggested that humic-metal-P complexes may be important for P retention and availability. Correlations between nutrient/element concentrations and microtopographic indices suggested increased Mn and decreased K and Al availability with increased surface roughness. Disking appears to enhance water and nutrient retention, as well as nutrient heterogeneity otherwise absent from created wetlands, thus potentially promoting ecosystem development. C1 [Moser, Kurt F.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ahn, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM cahn@gmu.edu RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc.; Cosmos Club Foundation of Washington, D.C.; NIWR/USGS National Competitive Grant Program [06HQGR0189] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of R. Andrews and S. Coleman in surveying and sample/data collection, as well as the help of J. O'Reilly, M. Doughten, and D. Hogan in lab analyses. For site access, map data, and guidance, thanks to D. Lawlor and G. Roisum of the Fairfax County Park Authority and L. Giese, F. Graziano, and M. Rolband of Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggested improvements to the original manuscript. The study was supported by Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc., the Cosmos Club Foundation of Washington, D.C., and 2006 NIWR/USGS National Competitive Grant Program (06HQGR0189). NR 52 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 641 EP 651 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00393.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496MO UT WOS:000269978600009 ER PT J AU Meinke, CW Knick, ST Pyke, DA AF Meinke, Cara W. Knick, Steven T. Pyke, David A. TI A Spatial Model to Prioritize Sagebrush Landscapes in the Intermountain West (USA) for Restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; Cheatgrass; Greater Sage-Grouse; Intermountain West; Sagebrush; spatial modeling ID INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; HABITAT; STEPPE; ESTIMATORS; SITES; GIS AB The ecological integrity of Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the Intermountain West (U.S.A.) has been diminished by synergistic relationships among human activities, spread of invasive plants, and altered disturbance regimes. An aggressive effort to restore Sagebrush habitats is necessary if we are to stabilize or improve current habitat trajectories and reverse declining population trends of dependent wildlife. Existing economic resources, technical impediments, and logistic difficulties limit our efforts to a fraction of the extensive area undergoing fragmentation, degradation, and loss. We prioritized landscapes for restoring Sagebrush habitats within the intermountain western region of the United States using geographic information system (GIS) modeling techniques to identify areas meeting a set of conditions based on (1) optimum abiotic and biotic conditions favorable for revegetation of Sagebrush; (2) potential to increase connectivity of Sagebrush habitats in the landscape to benefit wildlife; (3) location of population strongholds for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, a species of conservation concern); and (4) potential impediments to successful restoration created by Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum, an invasive exotic annual grass). Approximately 5.8 million ha in southwestern Idaho, northern Nevada, and eastern Oregon met our criteria for restoring Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) and 5.1 million ha had high priority for restoring Mountain big sagebrush (A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana). Our results represent an integral component in a hierarchical framework after which site-specific locations for treatments can be focused within high-priority areas. Using this approach, long-term restoration strategies can be implemented that combine local-scale treatments and objectives with large-scale ecological processes and priorities. C1 [Meinke, Cara W.; Knick, Steven T.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Pyke, David A.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM steve_knick@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX We appreciate funding provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and ancillary support from the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. J. W. Connelly, D. J. Major, M. Pellant, and A. R. Sands reviewed an earlier draft of the paper. M. Pellant provided support and advice during all phases of our project. K. Fesenmyer provided assistance with the GIS figures. We especially acknowledge the interactions with managers, biologists, and instructors in the Restoration of Sagebrush Ecosystems course taught at the U.S. Bureau of Land Management National Training Center that formed the foundation for this effort. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 652 EP 659 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00400.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496MO UT WOS:000269978600010 ER PT J AU Paukert, CP Makinster, AS AF Paukert, Craig P. Makinster, Andrew S. TI LONGITUDINAL PATTERNS IN FLATHEAD CATFISH RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND LENGTH AT AGE WITHIN A LARGE RIVER: EFFECTS OF AN URBAN GRADIENT SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flathead catfish; river; growth; abundance ID STREAM FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; ST-JOSEPH RIVER; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY AB We investigated the spatial variation of flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) relative abundance and growth in the 274 km long Kansas River to determine if population dynamics of catfish are related to urbanization. Electrofishing was conducted at 462 random sites throughout the river in summer, 2005-2006 to collect fish. Relative abundance of age 1 fish (<= 200 mm), subadult (>200-400 mm) and adult fish (>400 mm) ranged from 0.34 to 14.67 fish h(-1), mean length at age 1 was 165 (range: 128-195) mm total length (TL) and mean length at age 3 was 376 mm TL (range: 293-419 mm TL). The proportion of land use within 200 in of the river edge was between 0 and 0.54 urban. River reaches with high relative abundance of age 1 flathead catfish had high relative abundance of subadult and adult catfish. River reaches with fast flathead catfish growth to age 1 had fast growth to age 3. High urban land use and riprap in the riparian area were evident in river reaches near the heavily populated Kansas City and Topeka, Kansas, USA. Reaches with increased number of log jams and islands had decreased riparian agriculture. Areas of low urbanization had faster flathead catfish growth (r = 0.67, p = 0.005). Relative abundance of flathead catfish was higher in more agricultural areas (r = -0.57, p = 0.02). Changes in land use in riverine environments may alter population dynamics of a fish species within a river. Spatial differences in population dynamics need to be considered when evaluating riverine fish populations. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu FU Kansas Departti-ient of Wildlife and Parks [F50R]; Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University; US Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank J. Eitzmann and M. Thompson for their extensive help with field and laboratory data collection. Also, D. Nygren and T. Mosher with the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks for assistance with project development and comments, and K. Gido, W. Dodds and two anonymous reviewers with comments on early drafts of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Kansas Departti-ient of Wildlife and Parks through Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration F50R. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the US Geological Survey and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 7 BP 861 EP 873 DI 10.1002/rra.1089 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 497HJ UT WOS:000270049100005 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP Rivera, L Kanamori, H AF Hayes, Gavin P. Rivera, Luis Kanamori, Hiroo TI Source Inversion of the W-Phase: Real-time Implementation and Extension to Low Magnitudes SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOMENT-TENSOR SOLUTIONS; GLOBAL SEISMICITY; EARTHQUAKES C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Rivera, Luis] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [Kanamori, Hiroo] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 BP 817 EP 822 DI 10.1785/gssrl.80.5.817 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 503FT UT WOS:000270519500014 ER PT J AU Skoruppa, MK Woodin, MC Blacklock, G AF Skoruppa, Mary Kay Woodin, Marc C. Blacklock, Gene TI SPECIES RICHNESS, RELATIVE ABUNDANCE, AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF NOCTURNAL BIRDS ALONG THE RIO GRANDE IN SOUTHERN TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID OWLS AB The segment of the Rio Grande between International Falcon Reservoir and Del Rio, Texas (distance ca. 350 km), remains largely unexplored ornithologically. We surveyed nocturnal birds monthly during February June 1998 at. 19 stations along the Rio Grande (n = 6) and at upland stock ponds (n = 13) in Webb County, Texas. We conducted 10-min point counts (n = 89) after sunset and before moonset. Four species of owls and five species of nightjars were detected, Nightjars, as a group, were nearly five times more abundant (mean number/count = 2.63) than owls (mean number = 0.55). The most common owl, the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), had a mean number of 0.25/point count. The mean for elf cowls (Micrathene whitneyi) was 0.16/point count. The most common nightjars were the common poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallir; 1.21/point count) and lesser nighthawk (Chordeiles acutipennis, 1.16/point count). Survey sites on the river supported more species (mean = 2.2) than did upland stock ponds (mean = 1.4). However, only one species (common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis) showed a preference for the river sites. Our results establish this segment of the Rio Grande in southern Texas as all area of high diversity of nightjars in the United States, matched (in numbers of specics) only by southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. C1 [Skoruppa, Mary Kay; Woodin, Marc C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Blacklock, Gene] Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program Inc, Corpus Christi, TX 78401 USA. RP Skoruppa, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM mary_kay_skoruppa@usgs.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2 FX We thank the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2, for funding this project, and the Ed Rachal Foundation for access to Galvan Ranch. We are especially grateful to C. D'Unger who was instrumental in fostering this research. We also thank R. Batey, S. Bretz Riggs, J. Gardner, W. Sekula, Jr., and M. Jenkins for field assistance. G. Proudfoot and R. Benson provided field techniques. Helpful reviews were given by G. Schnell, K. Arnold, T. Maxwell, T. Brush, P. Clements, and J. Mays. M. Mora provided the Spanish translation of the abstract. Any mention of trade names does not constitute government endorsement. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 22 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1894/MD-04.1 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496WI UT WOS:000270010200010 ER PT J AU Phillips, CT Gibson, JR Fries, JN AF Phillips, Catherine T. Gibson, James R. Fries, Joe N. TI AGONISTIC AND COURTSHIP BEHAVIORS IN DIONDA DIABOLI, THE DEVILS RIVER MINNOW SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SOUND PRODUCTION; CYPRINIDAE AB Reproductively mature male Dionda diaboli, the Devils River minnow, exhibited agonistic and courtship behavior in presence of con specifics under laboratory conditions. Dionda diaboli spawned over small trays of gravel and did not use a cavity or a crevice. Devils River minnows were noncommunal territorial, broadcast spawners and agonistic behavior Consisted of chases, parallel swims, lateral displays, circle swims, and head butts. Courtship behavior consisted of a male approaching a female and pushing her (down toward the substrate (male-female approach) prior to spawning. Spawning did not occur until a male had established dominance in the hierarchy. C1 [Phillips, Catherine T.; Gibson, James R.; Fries, Joe N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Phillips, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM Catherine_Phillips@fws.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1894/GG-34.1 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496WI UT WOS:000270010200013 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC McMahon, TE Boyer, MC Gresswell, RE AF Muhlfeld, Clint C. McMahon, Thomas E. Boyer, Matthew C. Gresswell, Robert E. TI Local Habitat, Watershed, and Biotic Factors Influencing the Spread of Hybridization between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Introduced Rainbow Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; NORTH-AMERICA; BULL TROUT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; INVASION SUCCESS; MONTANA STREAMS; RIVER DRAINAGE; UNITED-STATES AB The invasion of nonnative fishes in freshwater systems is often facilitated by the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We evaluated the association of local habitat features (width. gradient, and elevation), watershed characteristics (mean and maximum summer water temperatures. the number of road crossings, and road density). and biotic factors (the distance to the Source of hybridization and trout density) with the spread of hybridization between native westslope Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi and introduced rainbow trout O. mykiss in tire upper Flathead River system in Montana and British Columbia. The presence of hybridization and lite proportion of rainbow trout admixture were estimated using, seven diagnostic microsatellite loci. We defined logistic and linear regression models including various combinations of spatial and environmental factors and used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate the relative plausibility of these models. Models combining measures of water temperature, disturbance, and source connectivity were the best-approximating ones for the presence of hybridization. Hybridization was positively associated with mean summer water temperature and the number of upstream road crossings and negatively associated with the distance to the main Source of hybridization. The best-approximating models associated with the level of introgression among hybridized sites included measures of temperature, source Connectivity, and the density of trout. The proportion of rainbow trout admixture was negatively related to the distance to tire source and positively related to mean summer water temperature and density. Our results suggests that hybridization is more likely to Occur and spread in streams with warm water temperatures, increased land use disturbance. and proximity to the main Source of hybridization. However, habitat features alone may not limit the spread of hybridization: populations with high proportions of admixture and high densities may have to be reduced or eliminated. C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Boyer, Matthew C.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov FU The Bonneville Power Administration; Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks; U.S. Geological Survey FX The Bonneville Power Administration, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and the U.S. Geological Survey provided funding for this work. We thank Rob Leary for assistance with the genetic analyses conducted at the Conservation Genetics Laboratory, Missoula, Montana. We thank Steven Kalinowski, Brian Marotz, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments and Mark L. Taper for assistance with the statistical analysis. Field data were collected by Steve Glutting, Rick Hunt, John Wachsmuth, Matthew Boyer, Durae Belcer, arid Nathaniel Hitt. We thank Brian Marotz and Joel Tohtz for logistical and administrative support arid Steve Glutting for providing Figure 1. NR 61 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 138 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1051 DI 10.1577/T08-235.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UX UT WOS:000272025600010 ER PT J AU Patrick, HK Sutton, TM Swink, WD AF Patrick, Holly K. Sutton, Trent M. Swink, William D. TI Lethality of Sea Lamprey Parasitism on Lake Sturgeon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PETROMYZON-MARINUS PREDATION; SURVIVAL; ATTACK; GROWTH; SIZE; PROSPECTS; SELECTION; ONTARIO; HOSTS AB Parasitism by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus in ay contribute to the delayed recovery of imperiled populations of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in the Great Lakes. Our study objectives were to examine the survival, growth, and condition of four size-classes of lake Sturgeon following a single sea lamprey attack. Lake Sturgeon front one of four size-groups (1: 470-570 mm fork length; II: 570-650 mm III: 650-760 mm; and IV: 950-1,500 mm) were individually subjected to it sea lamprey attack in it series of 55 experimental trials. Direct mortality of lake sturgeon, resulting from acute anemia after an attack, was greatest for smaller lake sturgeon (I: 11%; II: 31%; III: 8%; IV: 0%). Similarly, indirect mortality resulting from secondary fungal infection was also size dependent (I: 11%; II: 19%; III: 8% IV: 0%). No direct relationship was found between attachment duration and host survival; short intense attachments were as likely to result in host mortality as longer attachments. More than 50% of sea lamprey attacks occurred on the ventral Surface of the rostrum or pectoral fin axils, and attachment at these locations resulted in the mortality of the host more often than did attachments at other locations. Declines in lake sturgeon growth and condition after an attack were more pronounced for smaller (size-classes I-III) than larger (size-class IV) lake sturgeon hosts. Although much uncertainty remains about the effects of sea lamprey parasitism on lake sturgeon, the levels of mortality observed in this study suggest that the no-observable-effect lampricide treatment protocol, which is designed to protect larval lake sturgeon at the expense of increased production of sea lampreys, may not be the optimal strategy for the concurrent rehabilitation of self-sustaining lake sturgeon populations and sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes. C1 [Patrick, Holly K.; Sutton, Trent M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Swink, William D.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tsutton@sfos.uaf.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hammond Bay Biological Station at Millersburg, Michigan, for providing the sea lampreys used in our study. We also thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish Hatchery at Genoa, Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Wild Rose State Fish Hatchery, and the Michigan DNR Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery for providing the hatchery-reared lake sturgeon, and Purdy's Fishery of Point Edward, Ontario, for providing the wild-caught lake sturgeon. We thank A. Muir and R. Mollenhauer for their assistance in the laboratory. The experimental procedures used in this research were approved by the Purdue University Animal Care and Use Committee as protocol 04-109. This project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University. This research is contribution 1541 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade names does not imply U.S. Government endorsement of commercial products. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 138 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1075 DI 10.1577/T08-058.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UX UT WOS:000272025600012 ER PT J AU Peterson, JT Jackson, CR Shea, CP Li, GY AF Peterson, James T. Jackson, C. Rhett Shea, Colin P. Li, Guoyuan TI Development and Evaluation of a Stream Channel Classification for Estimating Fish Responses to Changing Streamflow SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; SPATIAL SCALES; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; HYDRAULICS; REGIONS AB Current approaches to assessing the potential effects of river regulation and water use on stream fish communities are based on physical habitat simulation and are not feasible for estimating these effects over large spatial scales. We developed a channel classification for streams in the lower Flint River basin, Georgia, based on gross channel morphology and geology and evaluated its usefulness at 23 study sites representing the four channel types in the basin. Our channel classification separated stream channel types based oil dominant geology (upland residuum versus Ocala limestone) and channel form (confined versus unconfined). Fish were sampled and habitat measured at the study sites in spring, summer, and winter from 2001 to 2004, a period that included some of the lowest and highest seasonal flows ever recorded. The channel types differed with respect to diurnal variability in temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration as well as habitat characteristics (substrate, large wood). Statistical habitat modeling indicated that channel unit (e.g., pool, riffle) availability could be predicted accurately for each channel type using streamflow, with errors rates that averaged 0.7% across channel unit types. Comparisons between the accuracy of species presence and fish abundance models fit using habitat characteristics to those fit using geomorphic channel characteristics indicated similar model accuracy with slightly less bias (6% on average) for the geomorphic channel characteristics models. Our results indicate that the channel types were useful for predicting changes in habitats and stream fish presence and abundance in response to changing streamflow. Channel classification is potentially a useful and cost-effective approach to quantifying changes in the physical environment in response to varying streamflow. Additionally, channel classification Could be combined with dynamic fish population models to evaluate the effects of river regulation and water use across large spatial scales. C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jackson, C. Rhett; Shea, Colin P.; Li, Guoyuan] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@warnell.uga.edu OI Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX This project was funded by it grant front the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. A number of people were instrumental in providing assistance with this project. We ire particularly indebted to the many technicians, Volunteers, and graduate Students, including Nolan Banish, Bryant Bowen, Denise Carroll, Scott Craven, Shane Hawthorne, Brent Henry, Chris Holliday, Jeremy McCargo. Dale McPherson, Jason McGee, Patrick O'Rouke, John Ruiz, and Drew Taylor. Additionally, we thank Anne Wimberly for assisting with obtaining GIS maps and figures. The manuscript was improved with suggestions from T. Kwak, M. Freeman, and anonymous reviewers. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names Or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute all endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 138 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1137 DI 10.1577/T08-146.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UX UT WOS:000272025600016 ER PT J AU Miller, MR Burns, EG Wickland, BE Eadie, JM AF Miller, Michael R. Burns, Edward G. Wickland, Bruce E. Eadie, John M. TI Diet and Body Mass of Wintering Ducks in Adjacent Brackish and Freshwater Habitats SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; Anas platyrhynchos; body mass; brackish water; California; diet; food habits; freshwater; Mallard; Northern Pintail ID TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; BLUE-WINGED TEAL; NORTHERN PINTAILS; SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; FEEDING ECOLOGY; NUTRIENT RESERVES; WOOD DUCKS; FOOD USE; CALIFORNIA; MALLARDS AB Field-collected and hunter-donated ducks obtained during September-January of 1997-98 and 1998-99 were used to determine if food habits and body mass of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) and Mallards (A. Platyrhynchos) wintering in Suisun Marsh (Suisun), California, a managed estuarine brackish marsh, differed from values in the adjacent Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (the Delta), a freshwater region of grain fields flooded after harvest. Ducks in Suisun fed primarily oil seeds of Sea Purslane (Sesuvium verrucosum), followed by Alkali Bulrush (Schoenoplectus maritimus) and Wild Millet (Echinochloa crusgalli), together forming 73-90% (aggregate % dry mass) of the diets. Ducks in the Delta fed primarily on seeds of Smartweed (Polygonum spp.), followed by corn (Zea mays) and tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum), together forming 62-88% of the diets. Pintails and Mallards collected in Suisun each had similar (5 of 11 seasonal comparisons) or greater (6 of the 11 comparisons) body mass compared to their conspecifics collected front the Delta (90% confidence interval analyses), despite a composite diet in the Delta having about 39% greater metabolizable energy content (ME) and 24% greater protein content than in Suisun. Therefore, diet quality alone was not a predictor of body mass in these two areas. Other factors must have been involved, such as greater food abundance and density, lower waterfowl abundance and density, or lower daily energy costs in Suisun. Direct measurement of these factors should explain the apparent inconsistencies in body mass relative to food quality in these brackish and freshwater habitats. Received 28 June 2008, accepted 23 February 2009. C1 [Miller, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Burns, Edward G.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wickland, Bruce E.] Suisun Resource Conservat Dist, Suisun City, CA 94585 USA. RP Miller, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_r_miller@usgs.gov RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011 FU California Department of Water Resources; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Central Valley Joint Venture; Ducks Unlimited, Inc. FX We thank P. Finfrock and B.J. Grewell (California Department of Water Resources) and W. Keck (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation) for assistance with project development and funding. We thank L. C. Lehman (Suisun Resource Conservation District) and D. R. Becker (California Department of Fish and Game, Grizzly Island Wildlife Area) for facilitating collections in Suisun Marsh. We thank D. G. Paullin (Central Valley Joint Venture) and M. A. Bias (Ducks Unlimited, Inc.) for assisting with study development and funding for the Delta studies. J. Shanks and S. Shanks provided access to Staten Island for collecting ducks, M. L. Quartaroli provided access to Empire Tract, R. Boeck (California Department of Water Resources) provided access to Twitchell Island, and R. Cooper (Bureau of Land Management) granted access to CRP. K. L. Petrik (Ducks Unlimited, Inc.) provided GIS data for CRP. We thank R. Eddings (California Waterfowl Association) for Suisun Mallard hand recovery data. M. L. Casazza, B. M. Ballard, T Suchanek and two anonymous referees provided reviews of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 374 EP 387 DI 10.1675/063.032.0302 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 491GU UT WOS:000269567400002 ER PT J AU Eisenhower, MD Parrish, DL AF Eisenhower, Marc D. Parrish, Donna L. TI Double-crested Cormorant and Fish Interactions in a Shallow Basin of Lake Champlain SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Double-crested Cormorants; Lake Champlain; foraging flocks; Perca flavescens; Phalacrocorax auritus; submerged aquatic vegetation; Yellow Perch ID YELLOW PERCH; ONEIDA LAKE; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; LITTORAL FISHES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; EASTERN BASIN; HABITAT USE; NEW-YORK; PREY; PREDATION AB Interactions of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and fish in a constricted shallow basin near a cormorant nesting site (Young Island) in Lake Champlain, Vermont were studied. Much of the basin was dominated by submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), which led to the investigation of how fish residing among SAV could affect cormorant foraging. Data were collected on foraging flocks, individual birds and their stomach contents, the fish comm unity, and SAV from May to September. Fish were most abundant in August and September; they did not migrate from the basin during the warmest time periods or the greatest densities of SAV. Although many fish species (N=28) were collected, Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) numbers comprised almost half of the fish community and were the major prey, based on numbers, in cormorant stomachs. Double-crested Cormorants regularly foraged in the basin until early August When they began foraging in more distant areas. The shift occurred soon after the peak in SAV biomass and height, which covered essentially the entire area previously frequented by foraging birds. The results indicate that. cormorants expand their foraging range when prey become less available. Thus, dense SAV can indirectly contribute to the expansion of Double-crested Comorants, adding complexity to strategies for managing cormorant numbers throughout the lake. Received 17 April 2008, accepted 19 March 2009. C1 [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Parrish, DL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM Donna.Parrish@uvm.edu FU Lake Champlain Sea Grant [LCSG-09-01]; U.S. Geological Survey; Vermont Fish and Wildlife; University of Vermont; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank D. Capen,T. Donovan, C. Paris, and A. Duerr for their research and review contributions, E. Buford and K. Omland for assistance With data analysis, and J. Burt, B. Frater, P. Hyde, H. Keller, and P. Meier for technical support. Cormorant collecting permit (MB042595-0) from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was issued to D. E. Capen on 15 April 2001, for two years. All procedures related to birds and fish were approved by the University of Vermont Animal Care Committee. Use of brand names does not confer endorsement of the U.S. federal government. This is contribution LCSG-09-01 of Lake Champlain Sea Grant. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 388 EP 399 DI 10.1675/063.032.0303 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 491GU UT WOS:000269567400003 ER PT J AU Poe, AJ Goldstein, MI Brown, BA Andres, BA AF Poe, Aaron J. Goldstein, Michael I. Brown, Bridget A. Andres, Brad A. TI Black Oystercatchers and Campsites in Western Prince William Sound, Alaska SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE habitat; human use; shoreline recreation; disturbance; Prince William Sound; Chugach National Forest; Alaska ID DISTURBANCE; OIL AB Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) have been identified as a species of concern by government agencies and conservation organizations because they have small populations and are sensitive to disturbance caused by shoreline and near-shore human activity. Expanding human recreation in Prince William Sound (PWS) may have potential negative consequences on Black Oystercatcher reproduction and on the population as a whole. Almost 2000 kin of shoreline in western PWS was inventoried to assess density, distribution and habitat use of breeding Black Oystercatchers each June and July from 2001 to 2004. These efforts identified 94 territories (density 0.03-0.38 pairs/km). Black Oystercatcher territories were preferentially located on wave-cut platforms and rocky islets as well as gravel beaches but they avoided salt marsh, tide flats and sheltered rocky shores. Within western PWS 186 shoreline campsites were documented and people preferred to camp on gravel beaches. The association between campsites and territories was evaluated, and although there was a positive correlation at the landscape level, direct overlap only occurred on four sites and territories were separated from campsites, on average, by 1.8 km. Impacts associated with direct overlap (e.g., trampling of nests or direct displacement of pairs) may be rare for this remote area. Received 29 July 2008, accepted 24 February 2009. C1 [Goldstein, Michael I.] US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Poe, Aaron J.; Brown, Bridget A.] US Forest Serv, Girdwood, AK 99587 USA. [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 21628, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM mgoldstein@fs.fed.us FU The Chugach National Forest FX The Chugach National Forest provided the funding for this study. Babkin Charters provided safe and comfortable accommodations as well as logistical support to complete the surveys. J. Urbanus, J Booz, C. Heaton, M. Kjick, J. Garrard and R. Venable assisted with field data collection. Comments from P. Guertin, F. Huettmann, R. Lanctot, D. Nysewander and an anonymous reviewer improved this manuscript. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1675/063.032.0307 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 491GU UT WOS:000269567400007 ER PT J AU Hamilton, BT Nowak, EM AF Hamilton, Bryan T. Nowak, Erika M. TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INSOLATION AND RATTLESNAKE HIBERNACULA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE black-tailed rattlesnake; Great Basin rattlesnake; western diamondback rattlesnake; communal hibernacula; insolation; Crotalus molossus; Crotalus lutosus; Crotalus atrox; dens ID CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; WESTERN RATTLESNAKE; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; HABITAT USE; VIPERIDAE; MODEL; GIS; INFORMATION; HORRIDUS; ECOLOGY AB We examined the relationships between insolation, climate, and hibernacula of black-tailed (Crotalus molossus), Great Basin (Crotalus lutosus), and western diamondback (Crotalus atrox) rattlesnakes at 4 sites ill Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. Hibernacula were located through a combination of visual searches and radio telemetry from 1995 to 2003. We used global information systems to calculate and compared hibernaculum insolation values with random points representing available insolation of the surrounding habitat. Insolation reflects soil temperatures, and we predicted that hibernacula ill cool climates, at high elevations, and at high latitudes would have higher insolation relative to their surroundings, while hibernacula in warmer climates would not differ from their surroundings in insolation. Coolest temperatures, highest elevations, and highest latitudes occurred oil the C. lutosus and C. molossus sites, where hibernaculum insolation was higher than surrounding insolation. Temperatures were intermediate oil the high-elevation C. atrox site, where hibernaculum insolation did not differ from random-point insolation. Temperatures were highest on the low-elevation C. atrox site, where hibernaculum insolation was unexpectedly lower than random-point insolation. Our observations suggest that rattlesnakes in cool climates utilize hibernacula with insolation values higher than those of their surroundings. Rattlesnakes in warm climates utilize hibernacula with insolation values lower than or similar to those of their surroundings. C1 [Hamilton, Bryan T.] Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA. [Nowak, Erika M.] No Arizona Univ, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Hamilton, BT (reprint author), Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA. EM bryan_hamilton@nps.gov FU MOCA/TUZI; TONTO; National Park Service's NRPP program; USGS SIWD program; USGS Southwest Biological Science Center; Western National Parks Association FX We thank the following people for their help with this Project: jenny Hamilton, Matt Spille, Jim Fox, Doug Wynn, Daryl Hanks, Dan Carpenter, Dan Mulcahy, Jered Hansen, Terry Arundel, Roger Repp, Krupa Patel, Bell Roberts, Bart Wright, Rob) Colvin, Gordon Schuett, Chuck Peterson, Josiah Hansen, Preston Hanks, Andrew Stock, W.H.. Martin, Trevor Persons, Karl Sieglaff, Jack Sites, Kamiakin Richards, Jenny Richards, Carol Simpson, Jon Bortle, Christy Baumgartner, Ann DaVega, Kathy M. Davis, Paul Deshler, Shirley Roll, Amyann and Patrick Madara-Yagla, John Reid, Manuel Santana-Bendix, Gretchen Baker, Neal Darby, Justin Schofer, and numerous National Park Service employees. Funding for the telemetry research at MOCA/TUZI. and TONTO was provided by the monuments, the National Park Service's NRPP program, the USGS SIWD program, the USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, and the western National Parks Association. We would particularly like to thank all the reviewers of this paper for their thorough reviews and thoughtful suggestions. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 21 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD SEP PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.3398/064.069.0305 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514QA UT WOS:000271408700005 ER PT J AU Newell, RL Hossack, BR AF Newell, Robert L. Hossack, Blake R. TI LARGE, WETLAND-ASSOCIATED MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA) OF GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Ephemeroptera; mayfly; wetland; Ameletus; Baetis; Callibaetis; Ephemerella; Leptophlebia; macroinvertebrates; Parameletus; Siphlonurus ID RESPONSES; COLONIZATION; VARIABILITY; OCCUPANCY; POND; USA AB We describe species richness and habitat associations of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) collected during amphibian surveys of 355 water bodies in Glacier National Park (NP), Montana, in 2006-2008. We collected 9 taxa (in 7 genera) of mayflies that were identifiable to species. Callibaetis, ferrugineus hageni was collected most frequently, followed by Siphlonurus occidentalis, S. phyllis, Ameletus celer, A. similior, Parameletus columbiae, Ephemerella dorothea infrequens, Baetis bicaudatus, and Leptophlebia cupida. Siphlonurus phyllis bad not been reported ill the western United States prior to our surveys, and P. columbiae is I species of concern in the region. The identifications of 4 additional taxa were uncertain due to file poor condition of specimens found at only one site (Centroptilum sp. and Paraleptophlebia sp.) or because nymphal specimens could not be confidently identified (Cinygma sp. and Cinygmula sp.). Species richness of mayflies in wetlands seems low compared to that in streams and lakes in Glacier National Park. We found the most species of mayflies in beaver ponds, where we detected sonic species not commonly associated with lentie water bodies. Our survey was the first extensive survey of wetland invertebrates in Glacier NP and only file second that we are aware of in western Montana. C1 [Newell, Robert L.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Newell, RL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, 32125 BioStn Lane, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM bob.newell@umontana.edu FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX Information on abundance and diversity of western Montana invertebrates was from collections of the senior author or from collections housed at the University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station (FLBS). Surveys were funded by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. All specimens collected during this study are the property of the National Park Service and are archived it the FLBS. We appreciate support from Glacier NP as well as support from J. Stanford, Director of the FLBS, for the use of records in the station's reference collection. Comments by C. Caudill, D. Rockwell, M. Kohler, and D. Ruiter improved the manuscript. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD SEP PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.3398/064.069.0307 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514QA UT WOS:000271408700007 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Mattson, Z Mattson, D AF Bischoff-Mattson, Zachary Mattson, David TI EFFECTS OF SIMULATED MOUNTAIN LION CACHING ON DECOMPSITION OF UNGULATE CARCASSES SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Puma concolor; caching; decomposition; carcass; odor; Arizona; mountain lion ID EXPOSED RABBIT CARRION; ARTHROPOD SUCCESSION; WILDLIFE CARCASSES; NATIONAL-PARK; ARCTIC FOXES; DECOMPOSITION; PREY; BEHAVIOR; COLONIZATION; LOUISIANA AB Caching of animal remains is Common among carnivorous species of all sizes, yet the effects of caching on larger prey are unstudied. We conducted a summer field experiment designed to test the effects of simulated mountain lion (Puma concolor) caching on mass loss, relative temperature, and odor dissemination of 9 prey-like carcasses. We deployed all but one of the carcasses in pairs, with one of each pair exposed and the other shaded and shallowly buried (cached). Caching Substantially reduced wastage during dry and hot (drought) but not wet and cool (monsoon) periods, and it also reduced temperature and discernable odor to some degree during both seasons. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that caching serves to both reduce competition from arthropods and microbes and reduce odds of detection by larger vertebrates such its bears (Ursus spp.), wolves (Canis lupus), or other lions. C1 [Mattson, David] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bischoff-Mattson, Zachary] Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97219 USA. RP Mattson, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM david.mattson@nau.edu FU USGS Southwest Biological Science Center; Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program at Northern Arizona University FX Funding for this study was provided by the USGS Southwest Biological Science Center and by the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program at Northern Arizona University. We appreciate the assistance of Jan Hart, Terry Arundel, and Karan English with logistics and funding; the assistance of Sky Bischoff-Mattson and Susan Bischoff with data collection; the assistance of Richard Keller of the Arizona Game and Fish Department with locating carcasses; and the assistance of Charles Drost, Tad Theimer, and Jan Hart with manuscript reviews. Paulette Bierzychudek and Ken Clifton of Lewis and Clark College provided guidance for aspects of this project. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD SEP PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.3398/064.069.0308 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514QA UT WOS:000271408700008 ER PT J AU Valdez, EW Ritzi, CM Whitaker, JO AF Valdez, Ernest W. Ritzi, Christopher M. Whitaker, John O., Jr. TI ECTOPARASITES OF THE OCCULT BAT, MYOTIS OCCULTUS (CHIROPTERA: VESPERTILIONIDAE) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE ectoparasites; Myotis occultus; hosts; museum; specimen; Colorado; New Mexico ID NEW-MEXICO; MITES ACARI; HOST; TEXAS AB Only a single previous study has examined ectoparasites of the occult bat (Myotis occultus), from which only 2 species of fleas were identified. For nor study, we examined 202 individuals, 52 fresh hosts and 150 museum specimens, from New Mexico and southern Colorado for ectoparasites. We recorded 2158 ectoparasites, 634 from fresh hosts and 1524 from museum specimens. Ectoparasites belonged to 10 families and 13 genera of insect or acari and represent new host and locality records. In general, ectoparasites collected from fresh hosts and museum specimens were represented by 4 major species of mite: Macronyssus crosbyi, Alabidocarpus calcaratus, Acanthophthirius lucifugus, and Alabidocarpus nr. eptesicus. From our study, we found fresh hosts to have significantly greater prevalence values. for Myodopsylla gentilis (flea), Chiroptonyssus robustipes (mite), and Leptotrombidium myotis (chigger), whereas museum specimens hall significantly greater prevalence values for A. calcaratus (mite) and A. nr. eptesicus (mite). There were no significant differences between prevalence values for 4 mites including M. crosbyi, A. lucifugus, Pteracarus nr. minutus, and Cryptonyssus sp. Our study represents the only extensive study of ectoparasites on M. occultus and provides evidence for the importance of examining fresh hosts and museum specimens ill future, ectoparasite studies. C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ritzi, Christopher M.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Biol, Apline, TX 79832 USA. [Whitaker, John O., Jr.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Ecol & Organismal Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ernie@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD SEP PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.3398/064.069.0310 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514QA UT WOS:000271408700010 ER PT J AU Buys, DJ Hilderbrand, RH Kershner, JL AF Buys, David J. Hilderbrand, Robert H. Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI THE EFFECTS OF VARIED DENSITIES ON THE GROWTH AND EMIGRATION OF ADULT CUTTHROAT TROUT AND BROOK TROUT IN FENCED STREAM ENCLOSURES SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE competition; cutthroat trout; brook trout; habitat ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROWN TROUT; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; CLARKI; PERFORMANCE; HABITAT; IDAHO; CHARR; STEELHEAD AB We evaluated the effects of various density treatments oil adult fish growth and emigration rates between Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki utah and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in stream enclosures in Beaver Creek, Idaho. We used 3 density treatments (low, ambient, and high fish densities) to evaluate density-related effects and to ensure a response. Intraspecific ambient-density tests using cutthroat trout only were also performed. Results indicated an absence of cage effects in the stream enclosures and no differences in fish growth between ambient-density stream-enclosure fish and Free-range fish. Brook trout outgrew and moved less than cutthroat trout in the stream enclosures, especially as density increased. I it all 3 density treatments, brook trout gained more weight than cutthroat trout, with brook trout gaining weight in each density treatment and cutthroat trout losing weight at the highest density. At high densities, cutthroat trout attempted to emigrate more frequently than brook trout in sympatry and allopatry. We observed a negative correlation between growth and emigration for interspecific cutthroat trout, indicating a possible competitive response due to the presence of brook trout. We observed similar responses for weight and emigration in trials of allopatric cutthroat trout, indicating strong intraspecific effects as density increased. While cutthroat trout showed a response to experimental manipulation with brook trout at different densities, there has been long-term coexistence between these species in Beaver Creek. This system presents a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms that lead cutthroat trout to coexist with rather than be replaced by nonnative brook trout. C1 [Buys, David J.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Buys, David J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hilderbrand, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Utah State Univ, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, USDA Forest Serv, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kershner, JL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 211 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jkershner@usgs.gov RI Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013 OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's; USDA Forest Service Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit FX Thanks go to Susan Durham for her assistance with statistical analysis and to Drs. Jim McMahon and Todd Crowl for their helpful reviews on previous versions of this manuscript. Thanks also go to biologist Hans Berge who contributed greatly to this work through his advice and field assistance. Funding was graciously provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's "Bring Back the Natives" program and also by the USDA Forest Service Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD SEP PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.3398/064.069.0311 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514QA UT WOS:000271408700011 ER PT J AU Valdez, EW Geluso, K Foote, J Allison-Kosior, G Roemer, DM AF Valdez, Ernest W. Geluso, Keith Foote, Jennifer Allison-Kosior, Gosia Roemer, David M. TI SPRING AND WINTER RECORDS OF THE EASTERN PIPISTRELLE (PERIMYOTIS SUBFLAVUS) IN SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE cave; New Mexico; Perimyotis subflavus; record AB Eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) were first documented front South Dakota, western Texas, and New Mexico during recent years, suggesting that the distribution of this species is expanding westward across central parts of North America. In New Mexico, only 2 records of P. subflavus previously were known-one from summer and One from autumn. Here we report on 3 new records of P. subflavus front southeastern New Mexico, including the first 2 records from winter and the first record from spring. One individual in winter was observed hibernating in a cave in Chaves County. Our records and previous ones from autumn and summer suggest that this species is resident throughout the year in New Mexico. C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn,Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Geluso, Keith] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Roemer, David M.] Carlshad Gaverns Natl Pk, Carlshad, NM 88220 USA. RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn,Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ernie@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD SEP PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 396 EP 398 DI 10.3398/064.069.0315 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514QA UT WOS:000271408700015 ER PT J AU Faulkner, SP Bhattarai, P Allen, Y Barras, J Constant, G AF Faulkner, Stephen P. Bhattarai, Prajwol Allen, Yvonne Barras, John Constant, Glenn TI IDENTIFYING BALDCYPRESS-WATER TUPELO REGENERATION CLASSES IN FORESTED WETLANDS OF THE ATCHAFALAYA BASIN, LOUISIANA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE hydrology; Landsat; remote sensing; swamps ID DISTICHUM L RICH; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NATURAL REGENERATION; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; INVENTORY MAPS; UNITED-STATES; SWAMP FOREST; TAXODIUM; PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION AB Baldcypress-water tupelo (cypress-tupelo) swamps are critically important coastal forested wetlands found throughout the southeastern U. S. The long-term survival and sustainability of these swamp forests is unknown due to large-scale changes in hydrologic regimes that prevent natural regeneration following logging or mortality. We used NWI wetland maps and remotely sensed hydrologic data to map cypress-tupelo communities, surface water, and the extent and location of proposed regeneration condition classes for cypress-tupelo swamps in the Atchafalaya Basin, LA. Only 6,175 ha (5.8%) of the 106,227 ha of cypress-tupelo forest in the Lower Atchafalaya Basin Floodway was classified as capable of naturally regenerating. Over 23% (24,525 ha) of the forest area was mapped as unable to regenerate either naturally or artificially. The loss and conversion of nearly 25,000 ha of cypress-tupelo forest would have significant and long-lasting impacts on ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat for birds and Louisiana black bears. Given the landscape-scale changes in surface elevations and flooding depths and durations throughout southern Louisiana, similar conditions and impacts are likely applicable to all coastal cypress-tupelo forests in Louisiana. Better data on flooding during the growing season are needed to more accurately identify and refine the location and spatial extent of the regeneration condition classes. C1 [Faulkner, Stephen P.; Allen, Yvonne; Barras, John] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Bhattarai, Prajwol] IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Constant, Glenn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Baton Rouge Fisheries Resource Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Faulkner, SP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM sfaulkner@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 809 EP 817 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400003 ER PT J AU DesRochers, DW McWilliams, SR Silbernagle, MD Reed, JM AF DesRochers, David W. McWilliams, Scott R. Silbernagle, Michael D. Reed, J. Michael TI MACRONUTRIENT PROFILES OF WETLAND PLANTS CONSUMED BY THE HAWAIIAN MOORHEN (GALLINULA CHLOROPUS SANDVICENSIS) SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE endangered species; energetics; food value; forage; Hawaiian waterbirds; moist-soil management; nutritional value ID CARRYING-CAPACITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; GEESE; SOIL; ENERGETICS; SEEDS; CONSERVATION; CONSTRAINTS AB Understanding the nutritional quality of wildlife foods is important for management and conservation efforts. We report the gross energy and macronutrient content of 10 plant species consumed by endangered Hawaiian Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) along with gross energy and macronutrient content of three plant species not known to be consumed by moorhen. We also report the same information for Urochloa mutica that is consumed when it is, 10 cm tall, but not when it is taller. We also compared macronutrient composition of plant species collected from sites with different soil moisture levels. Energy density, fat, ash, nitrogen, protein, carbohydrates, and fiber of these wetland plants were similar across soil moisture categories, but differed among plant species. We tested for rank consistency of nutrient values across species to determine if some were consistently high across measures, and we tested whether there were differences in energy and protein content between natives and non-natives, and between species consumed versus not eaten. Rank values of macronutrients were inconsistent across species, and we found no differences in energy or protein across groups of species. Information on Hawaiian Moorhen nutritional requirements and the species' ability to metabolize these different plants will help inform wetland managers. C1 [DesRochers, David W.; Reed, J. Michael] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [McWilliams, Scott R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Coastal Inst Kingston, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Silbernagle, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Haleiwa, HI 96712 USA. RP DesRochers, DW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM DavidW.DesRochers@gmail.com RI McWilliams, Scott/B-8728-2013 OI McWilliams, Scott/0000-0002-9727-1151 FU Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife; Nuttall Ornithological Club; National Science Foundation [DEB-0710119] FX We thank K. Winiarski in SRM's laboratory for overseeing the analyses; C. Daehler and D. Webb at U. Hawaii, Manoa, for allowing us access to drying ovens; and B. Casler at Waimea Valley for providing Egeria densa samples. We also thank C. Orians, W. Einhorn, M. Berbeco, N. Cyr, and J. DesRochers for helping us process plant samples. This work was supported by Tufts Institute for the Environment, a Tufts University Graduate Student Association Research Award, a Kathleen S. Anderson Award from the Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, the Blake Fund of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, and a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant to DWD (# DEB-0710119) from the National Science Foundation. L. Fredrickson and N. Wilson-Rich provided valuable feedback on earlier drafts of this manuscript, as did one anonymous reviewer. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 845 EP 853 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400007 ER PT J AU Moss, RC Blumenshine, SC Yee, J Fleskes, JP AF Moss, Richard C. Blumenshine, Steven C. Yee, Julie Fleskes, Joseph P. TI EMERGENT INSECT PRODUCTION IN POST-HARVEST FLOODED AGRICULTURAL FIELDS USED BY WATERBIRDS SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE California; flooding depth; flooding duration; Tulare Lake Basin; waterbird food; waterfowl ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SONORAN DESERT STREAM; NORTHERN PINTAILS; AQUATIC INSECTS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MANAGED WETLANDS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; INVERTEBRATES; CHIRONOMIDAE AB California's Tulare Lake Basin (TLB) is one of the most important waterbird areas in North America even though most wetlands there have been converted to cropland. To guide management programs promoting waterbird beneficial agriculture, which includes flooding fields between growing periods, we measured emergence rates of insects, an important waterbird food, in three crop types (tomato, wheat, alfalfa) in the TLB relative to water depth and days flooded during August-October, 2003 and 2004. We used corrected Akaike's Information Criterion values to compare a set of models that accounted for our repeated measured data. The best model included crop type and crop type interacting with days flooded and depth flooded. Emergence rates (mg m(-2) day(-1)) were greater in tomato than wheat or alfalfa fields, increased with days flooded in alfalfa and tomato but not wheat fields, and increased with water depth in alfalfa and wheat but not tomato fields. To investigate the relationship between the range of diel water temperatures and insect emergence rates, we reared Chironomus dilutus larvae in environmental chambers under high (15-32 degrees C) and low fluctuation (20-26 degrees C) temperature regimes that were associated with shallow and deep (respectively) sampling sites in our fields. Larval survival (4x) and biomass (2x) were greater in the low thermal fluctuation treatment suggesting that deeply flooded areas would support greater insect production. C1 [Moss, Richard C.; Blumenshine, Steven C.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol MS SB73, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Yee, Julie] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Moss, RC (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol MS SB73, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. EM sblumens@csufresno.edu FU Division of Graduate Studies FX We thank Bob Shaffer and Rob Holbrook with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Central Valley Joint Venture, Dean Kwasny, Joe Hobbs, and Dave Smith of the California Department of Fish and Game. The California State University-Fresno Agriculture Research Initiative, the Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics, and the Department of Biology, and Division of Graduate Studies provided funding and support to make this research possible. Dr. Bruce Roberts, California State University-Fresno, Department of Agriculture helped us gain access to farmland for study. Nathan Heeringa and Michael Mullion of JG Boswell Corporation, Mark Hansen and other staff of Hansen Ranches, and Steve Laymon of the U. S. Bureau of Land Management provided their time and support to help facilitate our work in their fields. Eugene Greer of USGS supplied chironomid eggs for our lab work. Nick Blanchard and Zak Hoover helped collect and process field and laboratory data. Mary Ellen Komnath provided GIS support and Nichole Watson provided graphics support. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 875 EP 883 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400010 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Bernier, JC Buster, NA AF Morton, Robert A. Bernier, Julie C. Buster, Noreen A. TI SIMPLE METHODS FOR EVALUATING ACCOMMODATION SPACE FORMATION IN COASTAL WETLANDS SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE core shortening; erosion; subsidence; wetland loss ID SEDIMENTS; ELEVATION AB Land-surface subsidence and erosion are the principal processes that form accommodation space in interior coastal wetlands when they are converted to open water. The relative contribution of subsidence and erosion to wetland loss can be estimated by comparing elevations and vertical offsets of stratigraphic contacts that are correlated between adjacent sediment cores. Accommodation-space measurements assume that wetland-sediment thicknesses and the elevation of stratigraphic contacts were originally nearly uniform over short horizontal distances (tens to hundreds of meters). The accommodation space attributable to erosion equals the difference in wetland-sediment thickness between wetland cores and adjacent open-water cores taken at formerly emergent wetland sites. The accommodation space attributable to subsidence equals the elevation difference of a stratigraphic marker correlated between the two cores using the wetland core as the reference standard. Together, subsidence plus erosion at an open-water core location equals the accommodation space created by land loss, which is the difference between the adjacent emergent wetland elevation and the existing water depth. C1 [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Bernier, Julie C.; Buster, Noreen A.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM rmorton@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this study was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and Energy Resources Program. We thank Tom J. Smith III, Jeffrey Vincent, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the paper's content and clarity. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 997 EP 1003 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400021 ER PT J AU Bantilan-Smith, M Bruland, GL MacKenzie, RA Henry, AR Ryder, CR AF Bantilan-Smith, Meris Bruland, Gregory L. MacKenzie, Richard A. Henry, Adonia R. Ryder, Christina R. TI A COMPARISON OF THE VEGETATION AND SOILS OF NATURAL, RESTORED, AND CREATED COASTAL LOWLAND WETLANDS IN HAWAI'I SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE creation; hydrologic gradient; invasive species; mitigation; restoration ID ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER WETLANDS; SALT-MARSH; MITIGATION; RESTORATION; SALINITY; PLANT; URBANIZATION; PENNSYLVANIA; PHOSPHORUS AB The loss of coastal wetlands throughout the Hawaiian Islands has increased the numbers of created (CW) and restored (RW) wetlands. An assessment of these wetlands has yet to occur, and it has not been determined whether CWs and RWs provide the same functions as natural wetlands (NWs). To address these concerns, vegetation and soil characteristics of 35 wetlands were compared within sites along hydrologic gradients and among sites with different surface water salinity and status (i.e., CW, RW, NW). Only 16 of 85 plant species identified were native and three of the four most abundant species were exotic. Vegetative characteristics differed primarily across salinity classes, then along hydrologic zones, and to a lesser extent among CWs, RWs, and NWs. Soil properties exhibited fewer differences across salinity classes and along hydrologic zones and greater differences among CWs, RWs, and NWs. The dominant presence of invasive species in coastal Hawaiian wetlands suggests that it will be difficult to locate reference sites that can be used as restoration targets. Differences in edaphic characteristics suggested that RWs/CWs do not exhibit the same functions as NWs. Future restoration and creation should include planting of native vegetation, controlling invasive vegetation, and alleviating inadequate soil conditions. C1 [Bantilan-Smith, Meris; Bruland, Gregory L.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bantilan-Smith, Meris] US Army Corps Engineers, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. [MacKenzie, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Henry, Adonia R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Ryder, Christina R.] Ducks Unltd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bantilan-Smith, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bruland@hawaii.edu FU EPA FX We thank K. Peyton, Dr. D. Burney, M. Mitchell, T. Ka'iakapu, G. Blaich, Dr. D. Drigot, M. Silbernagle, S. Pelizza, D. Smith, J. Redunzle, G. Koob, H. deVries, A. Dibben- Young, S. Berkson, Dr. S. Fischer, G. Nakai, Dr. F. Duvall, D. Ivy, Dr. S. Beavers, R. Boston, J. Replogle, D. Riordan, and Propane Pete for help with sampling, site selection, and access, and Dr. D. Vasudevan, C. Browning, G. DeMent, D. Dunkell, C. Unser, B. Matatumua, and B. Bordeaux for field and laboratory assistance. N. Harbottle and the Bishop Museum Staff generously assisted with the plant identifications. Funding for this project was provided by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region IX Wetland Program Development Grant program. Although this research has been funded by the EPA, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1023 EP 1035 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400024 ER PT J AU Campbell, BD Haro, RJ Richardson, WB AF Campbell, Benjamin D. Haro, Roger J. Richardson, William B. TI EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON CHIRONOMID COMMUNITIES: COMPARISONS AMONG NATURAL WETLANDS AND FARM PONDS SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE cattle grazing; Driftless Area Ecoregion; invertebrates; southeastern Minnesota; taxonomic richness ID NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; MACROINVERTEBRATES; EMERGENCE; PREDATION; SHALLOW; DIPTERA; BIOMASS; STREAMS; MARSH AB Constructed farm ponds represent a major wetland habitat type in southeastern Minnesota. Farm ponds are subject to a variety of disturbances associated with agricultural land use, especially sedimentation and eutrophication. Chironomid community structure often reflects environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems. However, chironomid communities in farm ponds are poorly understood and their response to short-term increases in sedimentation and eutrophication remains undetermined. We studied relationships between pond-land cover condition and chironomid community structure. Of the 40 ponds selected for the study, 10 were natural, permanent palustrine wetlands. The remaining ponds were constructed habitats (i.e., farm ponds) with 10 in each of the following categories: non-grazed grassland, grazed grassland, and row crop agriculture. Larval chironomids and water quality parameters were collected during early, mid-, and late summer 2001. Total nitrogen concentrations were significantly greater and turbidity was generally greater in grazed grassland ponds as compared to all other pond types. Chironomid communities of grazed grassland ponds were characterized by lower taxonomic richness and abundant chironomids tolerant of increased sedimentation and nutrient enrichment (i.e., Chironomus and Glyptotendipes). This study determined that agricultural land use, particularly cattle grazing, can markedly affect pond water quality, thereby influencing the chironomid community structure in farm ponds. C1 [Campbell, Benjamin D.; Haro, Roger J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Campbell, Benjamin D.; Richardson, William B.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Campbell, BD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM haro.roge@uwlax.edu FU Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Office of Graduate Studies; Wisconsin Laboratory Association FX Foundation work was funded by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund, as recommended by the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources, the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, and the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Additional funding for this study was provided by the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Office of Graduate Studies and the Wisconsin Laboratory Association. We thank M. Knutson, D. Sutherland, J. Saros, M. Brantner, S. Weick, S. Bourassa, J. Jahimiak, A. Kimball and N. Lexvold for their contributions to this study. In addition, we thank L. Ferrington from the University of Minnesota for his assistance with larval chironomid identification. B. Ickes and J. Sauer reviewed earlier drafts of our manuscript. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1070 EP 1080 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400028 ER PT J AU Herman-Brunson, KM Jensen, KC Kaczor, NW Swanson, CC Rumble, MA Klaver, RW AF Herman-Brunson, Katie M. Jensen, Kent C. Kaczor, Nicholas W. Swanson, Christopher C. Rumble, Mark A. Klaver, Robert W. TI Nesting ecology of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus at the eastern edge of their historic distribution SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; eastern range; edge of distribution; habitat; nesting; sage-grouse ID VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; INFORMATION-THEORY; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; POPULATION; COVER; PREDATION; MONTANA; OREGON AB Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus populations in North Dakota declined approximately 67% between 1965 and 2003, and the species is listed its a Priority Level I Species of Special Concern by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The habitat and ecology of the species at the eastern edge of its historical range is largely unknown. We investigated nest site selection by greater sage-grouse and nest survival in North Dakota during 2005 - 2006. Sage-grouse selected nest sites in sagebrush Artemisia spp. with more total vegetative cover, greater sagebrush density, and greater I-M Visual obstruction from the nest than at random sites. Height of grass and shrub (sagebrush) at nest sites were shorter than at random sites, because areas where sagebrush was common were sites in low seral condition or dense clay or clay-pan soils with low productivity. Constant survival estimates of incubated nests were 33% in 2005 and 30% in 2006. Variables that described the resource selection function for nests were not those that modeled nest survival. Nest Survival was positively influenced by percentage of shrub (sagebrush) cover and grass height. Daily nest survival decreased substantially when percentage of shrub cover declined below about 9% and when grass heights were less than about 16 cm. Daily nest Survival rates decreased with increased daily precipitation. C1 [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jensen, Kent C.; Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Swanson, Christopher C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 8221 S Highway 16, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM kherman20@hotmail.com; Kent.Jensen@sdstate.edu; Nicholas_Kaczor@blm.gov; christopher.swanson@sdstate.edu; mrumble@fs.fed.us; bklaver@usgs.gov FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act [W-67-R]; North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bureau of Land Management [ESA000013]; U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-JV-11221609-127]; U.S. Forest Service Dakota prairie National Grasslands [05-CS-11011800-022]; South Dakota State University FX funding for our study was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (W-67-R) through North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bureau of Land Management (ESA000013), U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (05-JV-11221609-127), U.S. Forest Service Dakota prairie National Grasslands (05-CS-11011800-022) and support from South Dakota State University. Field assistance was provided by A. Geigle, D. Gardner, C. Berdan and T. Zachmeier. A number Of Volunteers assisted during capture and radio-collaring of hens and chicks. T. Apa assisted with training on trapping techniques. We also acknowledge and appreciate the landowners who granted LIS permission to conduct this study on their lands. R. King provided statistical advice and Support, and J. Connelly and C. Hagen provided comments to earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.2981/09-005 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 511JK UT WOS:000271160100002 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, FA AF Wilkinson, Fiona A. TI OBSERVATIONS ON THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE SILKY-TAILED NIGHTJAR (CAPRIMULGUS SERICOCAUDATUS MENGELI) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB I found 15 nests of the Silky-tailed Nightjar (Caprimulgus sericocaudatus mengeli) from 1994 to 2004 at Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Mann National Park, Peru. Females and mates shared incubation and brooding duties with females on the nest during the day and males on at night. Nest relief occurred between 0300-0600 and 1800-2100 hrs. Two-egg clutches were placed on bare ground or on leaf-litter in more mature strands of forest. The semi-precocial young were mobile within 24 hrs of hatching and remained in the area with an adult through the fledgling stage. Both males and females feigned injury during incubation and brooding if disturbed. Three nesting sites were used for 5 years and another for 10 years, suggesting strong site fidelity and possibly a strong pair bond among long-lived individuals. C1 Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wilkinson, FA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wilkinsf@si.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 498 EP 505 DI 10.1676/05-103.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 492TM UT WOS:000269682500006 ER PT J AU Griffin, AD Durbian, FE Easterla, DA Bell, RL AF Griffin, Amanda D. Durbian, Francis E. Easterla, David A. Bell, Ronald L. TI SPATIAL ECOLOGY OF BREEDING LEAST BITTERNS IN NORTHWEST MISSOURI SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRITORY SIZE; HOME-RANGE; DENSITY AB We examined the spatial ecology of breeding Least Bitterns (Ixobrychus exilis) on Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Missouri using radiotelemetry. We collected 1,585 locations for 60 individuals (28 males, 32 females) during 23 May-2 August 2005 and 6 June-18 July 2006. Pooled data for both males and females, and both years resulted in mean 50 and 95% fixed kernel home range use distributions of 37.6 (n = 25) and 223.2 ha (n = 25) for all individuals with >= 30 locations. The mean maximum distance traveled between telemetry observations was 2,147.1 m (n = 28). There were no differences in home range size or mobility between male and female Least Bitterns, although there were great variations between years with birds in 2006 using home ranges five time,, larger than those in 2005. Habitat use was disproportionate to availability with birds using sites with cattail (Typha spp.) and arrowhead (Sagittaria spp.) to a greater extent than available in both 2005 and 2006. One of eight pairs monitored successfully reared young, while females of seven other pairs renested with new mates. Apparent nesting success was low due to severe weather events and nest depredation. We did not observe double brooding. Our Study demonstrates that Least Bitterns are capable of using much larger home ranges than previously observed. C1 [Griffin, Amanda D.; Easterla, David A.] NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Maryville, MO 64468 USA. [Durbian, Francis E.; Bell, Ronald L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mound City, MO 64470 USA. RP Durbian, FE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 158, Mound City, MO 64470 USA. EM frank_durbian@fws.gov FU Audubon Society of Missouri; Burroughs Audubon Society; Friends of Squaw Creek; Midland Empire Audubon Society; Missouri Department of Conservation; Mound City Foods; Mound City Kiwanis Club; Northwest Missouri State University; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge FX Funding for this project was provided by The Audubon Society of Missouri, Burroughs Audubon Society, Friends of Squaw Creek, Midland Empire Audubon Society, Missouri Department of Conservation, Mound City Foods, Mound City Kiwanis Club, Northwest Missouri State University, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge. We are grateful for the assistance of Brian Lomas who aided in both years of research and helped shape the project. We are also greatly indebted to Northwest Missouri State interns, Justin Hamilton, Chris Owen, Jeremy Swope, and Erin Zorn for their efforts and long hours, as well as volunteers Nathan Peterson, Heather Bankie, and Andrea Cole as this project would not have been possible without their perseverance. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1676/07-164.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 492TM UT WOS:000269682500009 ER PT J AU Handel, CM Swanson, SA Nigro, DA Matsuoka, SM AF Handel, Colleen M. Swanson, Shelli A. Nigro, Debora A. Matsuoka, Steven M. TI ESTIMATION OF AVIAN POPULATION SIZES AND SPECIES RICHNESS ACROSS A BOREAL LANDSCAPE IN ALASKA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITY; BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; HABITAT USE; RELATIVE-ABUNDANCE; FOREST; NORTH; DIVERSITY; WESTERN; VEGETATION AB We studied the distribution of birds breeding within five ecological landforms in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, a 10,194-km(2) roadless conservation unit on the Alaska-Canada border in the boreal forest zone. Passerines dominated the avifauna numerically, comprising 97% of individuals surveyed but less than half of the 115 species recorded in the Preserve. We used distance-sampling and discrete-removal models to estimate detection probabilities, densities, and population sizes across the Preserve for 23 species of migrant passerines and five species of resident passerines. Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata) and Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) were the most abundant species, together accounting for 41% of the migrant passerine populations estimated. White-winged Crossbills (Loxia leucoptera), Boreal Chickadees (Poecile hudsonica), and Gray Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) were the most abundant residents. Species richness was greatest in the Floodplain/Terrace landform flanking the Yukon River but densities were highest in the Subalpine landform. Species composition was related to past glacial history and current physiography of the region and differed notably from other areas of the northwestern boreal forest. Point-transect surveys, augmented with auxiliary observations, were well suited to sampling the largely passerine avifauna across this rugged landscape and could be used across the boreal forest region to monitor changes in northern bird distribution and abundance. C1 [Handel, Colleen M.; Matsuoka, Steven M.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Swanson, Shelli A.; Nigro, Debora A.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Handel, CM (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cmhandel@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; USGS Alaska Science Center FX Funding for this study was provided through the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the USGS Alaska Science Center. We thank S. E. Andersen, J. S. Bolis, S. J. Cashen, S. A. Cox, R. G. Drum, G. V. Frost, N. X. Guldager, P. C. McKee, J. R. Porter, T. A. Rinaldi, and T. R. Walker for assistance in conducting surveys. We thank John Terenzi for assistance in preparing maps. D. K. Swanson provided unpublished data, valuable support, analytical help, and editorial comments on this paper. J. L. Britton, M. N. Cady, C. S. Machtans, R. E. Gill Jr., J. A. Johnson, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. NR 91 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 528 EP 547 DI 10.1676/08-067.1 PG 20 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 492TM UT WOS:000269682500010 ER PT J AU Rosenfield, RN Bielefeldt, J Rosenfield, LJ Booms, TL Bozek, MA AF Rosenfield, Robert N. Bielefeldt, John Rosenfield, Laura J. Booms, Travis L. Bozek, Michael A. TI SURVIVAL RATES AND LIFETIME REPRODUCTION OF BREEDING MALE COOPER'S HAWKS IN WISCONSIN, 1980-2005 SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; SUCCESS; BIOLOGY; GOSHAWK; AGE AB There are few published data on annual survival and no reports of lifetime reproduction for breeding Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii). Breeding males (n = 105) in central and southeastern Wisconsin had an annual mortality rate of 19%, or a survival rate of 81% for birds <= 10 years of age. We did not detect significant differences in mortality rates between urban and rural habitats, nor between the earlier 13 years and later 13 years of this study. Male Cooper's Hawks produced from zero to 32 nestlings during their lifetimes. Body mass or size appeared unrelated to annual survivorship and lifetime reproduction, although lifetime reproduction was correlated strongly with longevity of breeding males. Fifteen of 66 males (23%) produced most (53%) of the nestlings. Our studies occurred in an area where breeding populations may be increasing with some of the highest reported productivity indices and nesting densities for this species. Habitat used for nesting on our Wisconsin study areas may be less important for survivorship and lifetime reproduction than acquisition of a nesting area in which a male will breed throughout his life. C1 [Rosenfield, Robert N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Rosenfield, Laura J.] Univ Wisconsin, Admiss Off, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Booms, Travis L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Nongame Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM rrosenfi@uwsp.edu FU Biology Department, Personnel Development Committee, Letters and Science Foundation; Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point; Bureau of Endangered Resources at the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Society for Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus, Ltd.; Great Lakes Falconers Association FX We thank D. A. Grosshuesch, M. J. Gibson, C. M. Morasky, J. M. Papp, S. A. Sonsthagen, and K. L. Taft for their longterm support and field assistance, and Tim Ginnett and E. R. Keyel for advice. The entire staff of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources aided our work in many ways. Funding was provided by the Biology Department, Personnel Development Committee, Letters and Science Foundation, and the Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, the Bureau of Endangered Resources at the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Society for Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus, Ltd., and the Great Lakes Falconers Association. This paper was improved by the comments of R. W. Mannan, Karen Steenhof, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 610 EP 617 DI 10.1676/08-149.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 492TM UT WOS:000269682500017 ER PT J AU Wong, MML Fedy, BC Wilson, S Martin, KM AF Wong, Mark M. L. Fedy, Brad C. Wilson, Scott Martin, Kathy M. TI Adoption in Rock and White-tailed Ptarmigan SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRASPECIFIC NEST PARASITISM; BROOD AMALGAMATION; POULT ADOPTION; GOOSE; YOUNG; ABANDONMENT; HYPOTHESES; SURVIVAL; CANADA; GROUSE AB Reports of adoption in birds are widespread, but few studies report rates of adoption or possible mechanisms for this phenomenon, particularly in the Order Galliformes. We report incidents of adoption in Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and White-tailed Ptarmigan (L. leucura) from two sites in western Canada. Adoption rates for White-tailed Ptarmigan on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and the Ruby Ranges, Yukon Territory were 13% (n = 16 broods) and 4% (n = 27), respectively, while rates for Rock Ptarmigan were 14% (n = 29) in the Ruby Ranges. Low brood densities may result in lower rates of adoption for ptarmigan. C1 [Wong, Mark M. L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Fedy, Brad C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wilson, Scott] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Martin, Kathy M.] Univ British Columbia, Forest Sci Ctr, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Wong, MML (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM mmwong1@ualberta.ca OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU Upland Birds Society; Northern Scientific Training Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) FX We thank Danielle Dagenais, Amy Wilson, Sabine Nouvet, and Alana Clason for assistance in the field. We are also grateful to D. S. Hik, Andy and Sian Williams, and Lance Goodwin for logistical support at Pika Camp and the Arctic Institute of North America at Kluane Lake. Financial support was provided by the Upland Birds Society, Northern Scientific Training Program, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) grants to Kathy Martin, B. C. Fedy, and Scott Wilson, NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 638 EP 641 DI 10.1676/08-029.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 492TM UT WOS:000269682500024 ER PT J AU Rosenfield, RN Taft, SJ Stout, WE Driscoll, TG Evans, DL Bozek, MA AF Rosenfield, Robert N. Taft, Stephen J. Stout, William E. Driscoll, Timothy G. Evans, David L. Bozek, Michael A. TI Low Prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in Urban and Migratory Cooper's Hawks in Northcentral North America SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WISCONSIN; ARIZONA AB Trichomoniasis is a digestive tract disease caused by ingestion of the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae. This disease can be a significant source of mortality. No deaths of nestlings could be attributed to trichomoniasis in Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) breeding in urban and rural environs in Wisconsin, North Dakota, and British Columbia. We detected T. gallinae in four (5.2%) of 77 nestling Cooper's Hawks during 2006 and 2007 among 42 urban nests on new study areas in southeast Wisconsin and eastern North Dakota/western Minnesota. All four infected young fledged. We did not detect T. gallinae in 52 breeding adult Cooper's Hawks on two urban study sites, nor in 28 migrant hatching year (it = 24) and adult (n = 4) Cooper's Hawks at Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory, Duluth, Minnesota in 2006-2007. Overall, we detected T. gallinae in only 2.5% of 157 Cooper's Hawks in northcentral North America. These results suggest a low prevalence of T. gallinae in Cooper's Hawks in the northern part of this hawk's breeding range. C1 [Rosenfield, Robert N.; Taft, Stephen J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Driscoll, Timothy G.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Sociol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Evans, David L.] Hawk Ridge Bird Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM rrosenfi@uwsp.edu FU Wisconsin Society for Ornithology and the Biology Department; Personnel Development Committee; Letters and Science Enhancement Fund; Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point FX We thank C. L. Floden, K. A. Rundquist, and R. B. Stephens for field assistance, and the many citizens and landowners of Grand Forks, North Dakota, East Grand Forks, Minnesota, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin for support and/or access to their lands. Funding for our field work was provided by the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology and the Biology Department, the Personnel Development Committee, the Letters and Science Enhancement Fund, and the Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. This manuscript was improved by the comments of John Bielefeldt, J. H. Enderson, and R. W. Mannan. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 641 EP 644 DI 10.1676/08-148.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 492TM UT WOS:000269682500025 ER PT J AU Poulson, SR Sullivan, AB AF Poulson, Simon R. Sullivan, Annett B. TI Assessment of diel chemical and isotopic techniques to investigate biogeochemical cycles in the upper Klamath River, Oregon, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diel; Cycle; Dissolved; oxygen; Carbon; Isotopes ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SURFICIAL OXYGEN-TRANSFER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; COMMUNITY RESPIRATION; AQUATIC METABOLISM; GAS TRANSFER; FRESH-WATER; LAKE-ERIE; FRACTIONATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The upper Klamath River experiences a cyanobacterial algal bloom and poor water quality during the summer. Diel chemical and isotopic techniques have been employed in order to investigate the rates of biogeochemical processes. Four diel measurements of field parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and alkalinity) and stable isotope compositions (dissolved oxygen-delta(18)O and dissolved inorganic carbon-delta(13)C) have been performed between June 2007 and August 2008. Significant diel variations of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and DO-delta(18)O were observed, due to varying rates of primary productivity vs. respiration vs. gas exchange with air. Diel cycles are generally similar to those previously observed in river systems. although there are also differences compared to previous studies. In large part, these different diel signatures are the result of the low turbulence of the upper Klamath River. Observed changes in the diel signatures vs. sampling date reflect the evolution of the status of the algal bloom over the course of the summer. Results indicate the potential utility of applying diel chemical and stable isotope techniques to investigate the rates of biogeochemical cycles in slow-moving rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, but also illustrate the increased complexity of stable isotope dynamics in these low-turbulence systems compared to well-mixed aquatic systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sullivan, Annett B.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Poulson, SR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, MS-172,1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM poulson@mines.unr.edu FU NSF [EAR-0738912]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research has been supported by funding from NSF grant EAR-0738912, from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and from the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of the provisional data from the mid-river sonde deployed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is gratefully acknowledged. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscript has benefited from reviews by Stephen Hinkle, David Nimick, Steve Silva and an anonymous reviewer. The authors are extremely grateful to Tim Drever for his wise guidance, infectious enthusiasm, boundless energy, and collegial camaraderie that they both enjoyed during their time at the University of Wyoming, as a post-doctoral researcher (SRP) and as a PhD graduate student (ABS). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 30 PY 2009 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.016 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 500ZS UT WOS:000270346400002 ER PT J AU Barnes, RT Raymond, PA AF Barnes, Rebecca T. Raymond, Peter A. TI The contribution of agricultural and urban activities to inorganic carbon fluxes within temperate watersheds SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dissolved inorganic carbon; delta(13)C; Land use change; Watersheds; Weathering; Nitrification; Riverine flux ID RIVER-BASIN; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; DIOXIDE; STREAM; CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; IMPACT AB The lateral transport of bicarbonate as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the oceans is an integral component of the global carbon budget and can represent the sequestration of CO(2) from the atmosphere. Recently studies have implicated land use change, in particular agricultural development, as an accelerator of bicarbonate export. However, due to the co-variation of land use, bedrock and surficial geologies, and the relationship between bicarbonate export and climate, the impact of anthropogenic activities on DIC export remains an important research question. In order to examine the land use controls on DIC export from small temperate watersheds we sampled 19 streams draining catchments of varying land uses with similar bedrock and surficial geologies. In addition to an agricultural effect, there was a strong correlation between the percent of watershed in urban development and DIC concentrations and DIC yields. Urban watersheds exported 7.8 times more DIC than their nearby forested counterparts and 2.0 times more DIC than nearby agricultural catchments. Isotopic data suggest that excess DIC export from altered systems results from increased chemical weathering, enhanced CO(2) production within urban green spaces, and as a result of organic matter loading from septic systems and leaky sewer lines. Furthermore, we found that nitrogen additions (e.g. fertilizers and manure) are aiding in the dissolution of lime, increasing the total export of DIC from agricultural watersheds. Calculated anthropogenic loading rates ranged from 0.43 to 0.86 mol C m(-2) yr(-1). These loading rates suggest that a significant portion of global DIC export might be attributable to human activities, although the impacts on CO(2) sequestration are difficult to determine. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnes, Rebecca T.; Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Barnes, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM becca.barnes@gmail.com RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Barnes, Rebecca/A-2659-2011 OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062 FU EPA STAR Fellowship [FP-91637501-1]; QLF/The Sound Conservancy; NSF [DEB-0614282, OCE-0423565, BCS-0709685] FX We would like to thank G. Olack for his assistance with the measurement of delta13C and K. Mull, D. Butman, D. Karwan, M. Bozeman, B. Feingold, and C. May for assistance in the field; and J.I. Drever for providing valuable comments on an earlier draft. Funding for this work was provided by an EPA STAR Fellowship (FP-91637501-1) and a grant from QLF/The Sound Conservancy to RTB and the following NSF grants to the PIE-LTER: DEB-0614282, OCE-0423565, BCS-0709685. NR 58 TC 54 Z9 69 U1 10 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 30 PY 2009 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.06.018 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 500ZS UT WOS:000270346400019 ER PT J AU Major, JJ Dzurisin, D Schilling, SP Poland, MP AF Major, J. J. Dzurisin, D. Schilling, S. P. Poland, M. P. TI Monitoring lava-dome growth during the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens, Washington, eruption using oblique terrestrial photography SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mount St. Helens; eruption monitoring; lava dome; oblique terrestrial photogrammetry; growth kinematics ID GROUND DEFORMATION; ENDOGENOUS GROWTH; MERAPI VOLCANO; UNZEN; JAPAN; SATELLITE; STRAIN; GPS AB We present an analysis of lava dome growth during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens using oblique terrestrial images from a network of remotely placed cameras. This underutilized monitoring tool augmented more traditional monitoring techniques, and was used to provide a robust assessment of the nature, pace, and state of the eruption and to quantify the kinematics of dome growth. Eruption monitoring using terrestrial photography began with a single camera deployed at the mouth of the volcano's crater during the first year of activity. Analysis of those images indicates that the average lineal extrusion rate decayed approximately logarithmically from about 8 m/d to about 2 m/d (+/-2 m/d) from November 2004 through December 2005, and suggests that the extrusion rate fluctuated on time scales of days to weeks. From May 2006 through September 2007, imagery from multiple cameras deployed around the volcano allowed determination of 3-dimensional motion across the dome complex. Analysis of the multi-camera imagery shows spatially differential, but remarkably steady to gradually slowing, motion, from about 1-2 m/d from May through October 2006, to about 0.2-1.0 m/d from May through September 2007. In contrast to the fluctuations in lineal extrusion rate documented during the first year of eruption, dome motion from May 2006 through September 2007 was monotonic (+/-0.10 m/d) to gradually slowing on time scales of weeks to months. The ability to measure spatial and temporal rates of motion of the effusing lava dome from oblique terrestrial photographs provided a significant, and sometimes the sole, means of identifying and quantifying dome growth during the eruption, and it demonstrates the utility of using frequent, long-term terrestrial photography to monitor and study volcanic eruptions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Major, J. J.; Dzurisin, D.; Schilling, S. P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jjmajor@usgs.gov OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123; Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 2009 VL 286 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.034 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 504WB UT WOS:000270647500023 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Claramunt, S Derryberry, E Brumfield, RT AF Chesser, R. Terry Claramunt, Santiago Derryberry, Elizabeth Brumfield, Robb T. TI Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter ID UPUCERTHIA; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION C1 [Chesser, R. Terry] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Derryberry, Elizabeth/C-2396-2011; OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 28 PY 2009 IS 2213 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 489SK UT WOS:000269442500004 ER PT J AU Poland, MP Sutton, AJ Gerlach, TM AF Poland, Michael P. Sutton, A. Jeff Gerlach, Terrence M. TI Magma degassing triggered by static decompression at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUMMIT RESERVOIR; EMISSIONS; CALDERA; STORAGE; SULFUR; CARBON AB During mid-June 2007, the summit of Kiwlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, deflated rapidly as magma drained from the subsurface to feed an east rift zone intrusion and eruption. Coincident with the deflation, summit SO(2) emission rates rose by a factor of four before decaying to background levels over several weeks. We propose that SO(2) release was triggered by static decompression caused by magma withdrawal from Kilauea's shallow summit reservoir. Models of the deflation suggest a pressure drop of 0.5-3 MPa, which is sufficient to trigger exsolution of the observed excess SO(2) from a relatively small volume of magma at the modeled source depth beneath Kilauea's summit. Static decompression may also explain other episodes of deflation accompanied by heightened gas emission, including the precursory phases of Kilauea's 2008 summit eruption. Hazards associated with unexpected volcanic gas emission argue for increased awareness of magma reservoir pressure fluctuations. Citation: Poland, M. P., A. J. Sutton, and T. M. Gerlach (2009), Magma degassing triggered by static decompression at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16306, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039214. C1 [Poland, Michael P.; Sutton, A. Jeff] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Gerlach, Terrence M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Poland, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov; ajsutton@usgs.gov; tgerlach@usgs.gov OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L16306 DI 10.1029/2009GL039214 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 488KM UT WOS:000269348500004 ER PT J AU Prettyman, TH Feldman, WC Titus, TN AF Prettyman, Thomas H. Feldman, William C. Titus, Timothy N. TI Characterization of Mars' seasonal caps using neutron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN SURFACE; GROUND ICE; ODYSSEY; TES; CO2; PRESSURE; CYCLE; TEMPERATURES; SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY AB Mars' seasonal caps are characterized during Mars years 26 and 27 (April 2002 to January 2006) using data acquired by the 2001 Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. Time-dependent maps of the column abundance of seasonal CO2 surface ice poleward of 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres are determined from spatially deconvolved, epithermal neutron counting data. Sources of systematic error are analyzed, including spatial blurring by the spectrometer's broad footprint and the seasonal variations in the abundance of noncondensable gas at high southern latitudes, which are found to be consistent with results reported by Sprague et al. (2004, 2007). Corrections for spatial blurring are found to be important during the recession, when the column abundance of seasonal CO2 ice has the largest latitude gradient. The measured distribution and inventory of seasonal CO2 ice is compared to simulations by a general circulation model (GCM) calibrated using Viking lander pressure data, cap edge functions determined by thermal emission spectroscopy, and other nuclear spectroscopy data sets. On the basis of the amount of CO2 cycled through the caps during years 26 and 27, the gross polar energy balance has not changed significantly since Viking. The distribution of seasonal CO2 ice is longitudinally asymmetric: in the north, deposition rates of CO2 ice are elevated in Acidalia, which is exposed to katabatic winds from Chasma Borealis; in the south, CO2 deposition is highest near the residual cap. During southern recession, CO2 ice is present longer than calculated by the GCM, which has implications for the local polar energy balance. C1 [Prettyman, Thomas H.; Feldman, William C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Prettyman, TH (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM prettyman@psi.edu OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 FU NASA Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist program; NASA Ames Research Center; Jim Murphy of New Mexico State University, Department of Astronomy FX Funding was provided by the NASA Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist program. The ongoing development and maintenance of the Mars GCM by the NASA Ames Research Center is greatly appreciated. GCM simulations reported here were carried out by Jim Murphy of New Mexico State University, Department of Astronomy. This work benefited considerably from thorough reviews by David J. Lawrence of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and an anonymous referee. The neutron spectrometer is a subsystem of the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on 2001 Mars Odyssey. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E08005 DI 10.1029/2008JE003275 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 488MM UT WOS:000269353900001 ER PT J AU Das, T Hidalgo, HG Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR Pierce, DW Bonfils, C Barnett, TP Bala, G Mirin, A AF Das, T. Hidalgo, H. G. Dettinger, M. D. Cayan, D. R. Pierce, D. W. Bonfils, C. Barnett, T. P. Bala, G. Mirin, A. TI Structure and Detectability of Trends in Hydrological Measures over the Western United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE TRENDS; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; GREENHOUSE-GAS; SOIL-MOISTURE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION AB This study examines the geographic structure of observed trends in key hydrologically relevant variables across the western United States at (1)/(8)degrees spatial resolution during the period 1950-99. Geographical regions, latitude bands, and elevation classes where these trends are statistically significantly different from trends associated with natural climate variations are identified. Variables analyzed include late-winter and spring temperature, winter-total snowy days as a fraction of winter-total wet days, 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) as a fraction of October-March (ONDJFM) precipitation total [precip(ONDJFM)], and seasonal [JFM] accumulated runoff as a fraction of water-year accumulated runoff. Observed changes were compared to natural internal climate variability simulated by an 850-yr control run of the finite volume version of the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3-FV), statistically downscaled to a (1)/(8)degrees grid using the method of constructed analogs. Both observed and downscaled model temperature and precipitation data were then used to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model to obtain the hydrological variables analyzed in this study. Large trends (magnitudes found less than 5% of the time in the long control run) are common in the observations and occupy a substantial part (37%-42%) of the mountainous western United States. These trends are strongly related to the large-scale warming that appears over 89% of the domain. The strongest changes in the hydrologic variables, unlikely to be associated with natural variability alone, have occurred at medium elevations [750-2500 m for JFM runoff fractions and 500-3000 m for SWE/Precip(ONDJFM)] where warming has pushed temperatures from slightly below to slightly above freezing. Further analysis using the data on selected catchments indicates that hydroclimatic variables must have changed significantly (at 95% confidence level) over at least 45% of the total catchment area to achieve a detectable trend in measures accumulated to the catchment scale. C1 [Das, T.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Bonfils, C.; Bala, G.; Mirin, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Das, T (reprint author), UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM tadas@ucsd.edu RI Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through a LDRD FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and Guido Salvucci, editor for the Journal of Hydrometeorology, for their constructive suggestions. This work was supported by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through a LDRD grant to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) via the San Diego Supercomputer Center for the LUCiD project. The USGS provided salary support for MD and DC. The Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the California Energy Com-mission PIER Program, through the California Climate Change Center, provided partial salary support for DC, DP, and HH. The NOAA RISA Program provided partial salary support for DC, Mary Tyree, and Jennifer Johns at SIO. The Programfor ClimateModel Diagnosis and Intercomparison ( PCMDI) supported CB and GB ( the former via a DOE Distinguished Scientist Fellowship awarded to B. Santer). TD was partially supported by a CALFED Bay-Delta Program-funded postdoctoral fellowship grant. We thank Andrew W. Wood, Alan Hamlet, Dennis Lettenmaier at the University of Washington, and Edwin P. Maurer at Santa Clara University for sharing VIC and VIC input data. The authors thank Mary Tyree for her support in processing some of the data. We thank Jennifer Johns for her comments on the initial version of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 871 EP 892 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1095.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 487HO UT WOS:000269262800003 ER PT J AU Thomas, JN Love, JJ Johnston, MJS Yumoto, K AF Thomas, Jeremy N. Love, Jeffrey J. Johnston, Malcolm J. S. Yumoto, Kiyohumi TI On the reported magnetic precursor of the 1993 Guam earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; FIELD MEASUREMENTS; ELECTROMAGNETIC PRECURSORS; EPICENTER; PERIOD; JAPAN AB Using 1-second magnetometer data recorded 67 km from the epicenter of the 1993 M(w) 7.7 Guam earthquake, Hayakawa et al. (1996) and Miyahara et al. (1999) identify anomalous precursory changes in ultra-low frequency magnetic polarization (the ratio of vertical to horizontal field components). In a check of their results, we compare their data (GAM) with 1-second data from the Kakioka observatory (KAK) in Japan and the global magnetic activity index Kp. We also examine log books kept by USGS staff working on the Guam magnetic observatory. We find (1) analysis problems with both Hayakawa et al. and Miyahara et al., (2) significant correlation between the GAM, KAK, and Kp data, and (3) an absence of identifiable localized anomalous signals occurring prior to the earthquake. The changes we do find in polarization are part of normal global magnetic activity; they are unrelated to the earthquake. Citation: Thomas, J. N., J. J. Love, M. J. S. Johnston, and K. Yumoto (2009), On the reported magnetic precursor of the 1993 Guam earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16301, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039020. C1 [Thomas, Jeremy N.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thomas, Jeremy N.; Love, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Johnston, Malcolm J. S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yumoto, Kiyohumi] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Thomas, JN (reprint author), Bard High Sch Early Coll Queens, Dept Phys, 30-20 Thomson Ave, Long Isl City, NY 11101 USA. EM jnt@u.washington.edu RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank S. Abe for providing the GAM 1-second data from the 210-Magnetic Meridian sensor on Guam. We thank M. Nose and T. Iyemori of the Kyoto World Data Center for supplying the Kakioka data, and we express our appreciation to the Japan Meteorological Agency for supporting the long-term operation of the Kakioka magnetic observatory. We thank R. W. Briggs, A. J. Crone, and J. W. Dewey for reviewing a draft manuscript. We thank P. M. Hattori for his support in operating the Guam USGS observatory. J. N. T. was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L16301 DI 10.1029/2009GL039020 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 487AZ UT WOS:000269244100003 ER PT J AU Noble, M Jones, B Hamilton, P Xu, JP Robertson, G Rosenfeld, L Largier, J AF Noble, Marlene Jones, Burt Hamilton, Peter Xu, Jingping Robertson, George Rosenfeld, Leslie Largier, John TI Cross-shelf transport into nearshore waters due to shoaling internal tides in San Pedro Bay, CA SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Internal tides; Nonlinear internal waves; Stratification; Cross-shelf transport; Continental shelf processes; USA; San Pedro Shelf ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SURF ZONE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TIDAL CURRENTS; OCEAN OUTFALL; RUN-UP AB In the summer of 2001, a coastal ocean measurement program in the southeastern portion of San Pedro Bay, CA, was designed and carried out. One aim of the program was to determine the strength and effectiveness of local cross-shelf transport processes. A particular objective was to assess the ability of semidiurnal internal tidal currents to move suspended material a net distance a cross the shelf. Hence, a dense array of moorings was deployed across the shelf to monitor the transport patterns associated with fluctuations in currents, temperature and salinity. An associated hydrographic program periodically monitored synoptic changes in the spatial patterns of temperature, salinity, nutrients and bacteria. This set of measurements show that a series of energetic internal tide scan, but do not always, transport subthermocline water, dissolved and suspended material from the middle of the shelf into the surfzone. Effective cross-shelf transport occurs only when (1) internal tides at the shelf break are strong and (2) subtidal currents flow strongly down coast. The subtidal down coast flow causes isotherms to tilt upward toward the coast, which allows energetic, nonlinear internal tidal currents to carry subthermocline waters into the surfzone. During these events, which may last for several days, the transported water remains in the surfzone until the internal tidal current pulses and/or the down coast subtidal currents disappear. This nonlinear internal tide cross-shelf transport process was capable of carrying water and the associated suspended or dissolved material from the mid-shelf into the surfzone, but there were no observation of transport from the shelf break into the surfzone. Dissolved nutrients and suspended particulates (such as phytoplankton) transported from the mid-shelf into the near shore region by nonlinear internal tides may contribute to near shore algal blooms, including harmful algal blooms that occur off local beaches. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Noble, Marlene; Xu, Jingping] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jones, Burt] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hamilton, Peter] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA. [Robertson, George] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Huntington Beach, CA USA. [Rosenfeld, Leslie] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Largier, John] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Noble, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnoble@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; National Ocean Service; Naval Postgraduate School, University of Southern California; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; US Geological Survey and Science Applications International Corporation FX Many agencies and institutions participated in portions of the above studies. The authors would like to thank the Orange County Sanitation District, which funded much of the field work and analysis in this study, the US Geological Survey, which also contributed resources to this study, and the National Ocean Service for some of the sea-level data. Many individuals at the Naval Postgraduate School, University of Southern California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US Geological Survey and Science Applications International Corporation, also contributed to the multifaceted and successful field program. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 15 BP 1768 EP 1785 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2009.04.008 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 536RP UT WOS:000273061800002 ER PT J AU Reifel, KM Johnson, SC DiGiacomo, PM Mengel, MJ Nezlin, NP Warrick, JA Jones, BH AF Reifel, Kristen M. Johnson, Scott C. DiGiacomo, Paul M. Mengel, Michael J. Nezlin, Nikolay P. Warrick, Jonathan A. Jones, Burton H. TI Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Colored dissolved organic matter; Fecal indicator bacteria; Beam attenuation; Water quality; Remote sensing; Southern California Bight; 32 degrees 00 ' N-34 degrees 30 ' N; 120 degrees 00 ' W-117 degrees 00 ' W ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INDICATOR BACTERIA; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; DETECTION LIMITS; RIVER PLUME; MONICA BAY; WATER; OCEAN; COLOR AB The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight '03 program during February 2004 and February-March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river discharges: the Santa Clara River, Ballona Creek, the San Pedro Shelf (including the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers), the San Diego River, and the Tijuana River. Exceedances of bacterial standards were observed in most of the systems. However, the areas of impact were generally spatially limited, and contaminant concentrations decreased below California Ocean Plan standards typically within 2-3 days. The largest bacterial concentrations occurred in the Tijuana River system where exceedances of fecal indicator bacteria were noted well away from the river mouth. Maximum nitrate concentrations (similar to 40 mu M) occurred in the San Pedro Shelf region near the mouth of the Los Angeles River. Based on the results of general linear models, individual sources of storm water differ in both nutrient concentrations and the concentration and composition of fecal indicator bacteria. While nutrients appeared to decrease in plume waters due to simple mixing and dilution, the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria inplumes depends on more than loading and dilution rates. The relationships between contaminants (nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria) and plume indicators (salinity and total suspended solids) were not strong indicating the presence of other potentially important sources and/or sinks of both nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. California Ocean Plan standards were of ten exceeded in waters containing greater than 10% storm water (<28-30 salinity range). The median concentration dropped below the standard in the 32-33 salinity range (1-4% stormwater) for total coliforms and Enterococcus spp. and in the 28-30 salinity range (10-16% stormwater) for fecal coliforms. Nutrients showed a similar pattern with the highest median concentrations in water with greater than 10% stormwater. Relationships between colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and salinity and between total suspended solids and beam attenuation indicate that readily measurable, optically active variables can be used as proxies to provide at least a qualitative, if not quantitative, evaluation of the distribution of the dissolved, as well as the particulate, components of stormwater plumes. In this context, both CDOM absorption and the beam attenuation coefficient can be derived from satellite ocean color measurements of inherent optical properties suggesting that remote sensing of ocean color should be useful in mapping the spatial are as and durations of impacts from these contaminants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reifel, Kristen M.; Jones, Burton H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Johnson, Scott C.] Aquat Bioassay & Consulting Labs, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [DiGiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Mengel, Michael J.] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. [Nezlin, Nikolay P.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Reifel, KM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kreifel@usc.edu RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Liu, Cheng-Chien/E-4859-2011; Reifel, Kristen/J-7052-2014 OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Reifel, Kristen/0000-0002-2394-9185 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 15 BP 1821 EP 1835 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 536RP UT WOS:000273061800007 ER PT J AU Sileny, J Hill, DP Eisner, L Cornet, FH AF Sileny, Jan Hill, David P. Eisner, Leo Cornet, Francois H. TI Non-double-couple mechanisms of microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID VALLEY GAS-FIELD; FLUID INJECTION; MOMENT TENSORS; EARTHQUAKES; SITE; MICROSEISMICITY; PERMEABILITY; STIMULATION; SEISMICITY; INVERSION AB We have inverted polarity and amplitude information of representative microearthquakes to investigate source mechanisms of seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing in the Carthage Cotton Valley, east Texas, gas field. With vertical arrays of four and eight three-component geophones in two monitoring wells, respectively, we were able to reliably determine source mechanisms of the strongest events with the best signal-to-noise ratio. Our analysis indicates predominantly non-double-couple source mechanisms with positive volumetric component consistent with opening cracks oriented close to expected hydraulic fracture orientation. Our observations suggest the induced events are directly the result of opening cracks by fluid injection, in contrast to many previous studies where the seismicity is interpreted to be primarily shearing caused by pore pressure diffusion into the surrounding rock or associated with shear stresses created at the hydraulic fracture tip. C1 [Sileny, Jan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geophys, CR-14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eisner, Leo] Schlumberger Cambridge Res Ltd, Cambridge CB3 0HG, England. [Cornet, Francois H.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RP Sileny, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geophys, Bocni 2-1401, CR-14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic. RI Sileny, Jan/H-6388-2014; Eisner, Leo/G-6456-2014 OI Sileny, Jan/0000-0001-7840-7677; FU Agency of the Academy of Sciences [IAA300120502]; Agency of the Czech Republic [205/09/0724]; European Union [MTKI-CT-2004-517242] FX The Grant Agencies of the Academy of Sciences and of the Czech Republic supported the project under grants IAA300120502 and 205/09/0724, respectively. P. Bulant from the Charles University, Prague, kindly evaluated ray Green's functions. We also thank the European Union for funding the IMAGES Transfer of Knowledge project (MTKI-CT-2004-517242). NR 27 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B08307 DI 10.1029/2008JB005987 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487CA UT WOS:000269246900003 ER PT J AU Gustafson, DI Frey, JW Matlock, MD Jones, RL Hendley, P Jackson, SH Russell, MH AF Gustafson, David I. Frey, Jeffrey W. Matlock, Marty D. Jones, Russell L. Hendley, Paul Jackson, Scott H. Russell, Mark H. TI Study on fermentation of Red Bayberry (Myrica rubra) dry wine with immobilized Angel TM cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gustafson, David I.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Frey, Jeffrey W.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Matlock, Marty D.] Univ Arkansas, Eddystone, PA USA. [Jones, Russell L.] Bayer CropSci, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. [Hendley, Paul] Syngenta Crop Protect, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA. [Jackson, Scott H.] BASF Corp, Regulatory Stewardship & Strategy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Russell, Mark H.] EI du Pont Nemours & Co, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM david.i.gustafson@monsanto.com; russell.jones@bayercropscience.com; paul.hendley@syngenta.com; scott.jackson@basf.com; Mark.H.Russell@usa.dupont.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 180-AGFD BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900320 ER PT J AU Barbash, JE Capel, PD Hancock, TC Rice, KC AF Barbash, Jack E. Capel, Paul D. Hancock, Tracy Connell Rice, Karen C. TI Hierarchical approach for obtaining values of physical and chemical parameters controlling the transport and fate of pesticides and their transformation products in the hydrologic system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment NAWQA Pesticide Natl S, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Capel, Paul D.; Hancock, Tracy Connell; Rice, Karen C.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM jbarbash@usgs.gov RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 103-AGRO BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900335 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Kuivila, K AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kuivila, Kathryn TI Pyrethroid partitioning between water and suspended sediments in urban and agricultural creeks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Kuivila, Kathryn] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 195-AGRO BP 467 EP 467 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900427 ER PT J AU Stone, WW Gilliom, RJ AF Stone, Wesley W. Gilliom, Robert J. TI Update of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for predicting atrazine concentration in streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stone, Wesley W.; Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM wwstone@usgs.gov; rgilliom@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 259-AGRO BP 513 EP 513 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900473 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA AF Thorn, Kevin A. TI Use of N-15 NMR in studies on the reaction of aromatic amines with soil organic matter to form bound residues SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 278-AGRO BP 529 EP 529 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900489 ER PT J AU Vogel, JR Sandstrom, M Jackson, SH AF Vogel, Jason R. Sandstrom, Mark Jackson, Scott H. TI Foliar fungicide occurrence in urban and agricultural streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vogel, Jason R.; Sandstrom, Mark] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Jackson, Scott H.] BASF Corp, Regulatory Stewardship & Strategy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jrvogel@usgs.gov; scott.jackson@basf.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 218-AGRO BP 540 EP 540 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900500 ER PT J AU Vogel, JR Frankforter, JD Rus, DL AF Vogel, Jason R. Frankforter, Jill D. Rus, David L. TI Organic wastewater compounds in combined sewer overflows, stormwater, and receiving streams in Omaha, Nebraska SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vogel, Jason R.; Frankforter, Jill D.; Rus, David L.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM jrvogel@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 223-AGRO BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900506 ER PT J AU Aiken, GR Krabbenhoft, DP AF Aiken, George R. Krabbenhoft, David P. TI GEOC 38-Dissolved organic matter and mercury in aquatic systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53562 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 38-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902804 ER PT J AU Alvarez, D Rosen, M AF Alvarez, David Rosen, Michael TI ENVR 2-Innovative sampling techniques to determine contaminant flux in Las Vegas Bay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alvarez, David; Rosen, Michael] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dalvarez@usgs.gov; mrosen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 2-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903620 ER PT J AU Bemis, DW Kinney, C Brownawell, BJ Kelly, C Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Zaugg, SD AF Bemis, David W. Kinney, Chad Brownawell, Bruce J. Kelly, Carolyn Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Zaugg, Steven D. TI ENVR 143-Mitigation of anthropogenic organic contaminants using vermiculture SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bemis, David W.; Kinney, Chad] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Brownawell, Bruce J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kelly, Carolyn] Gaia Inst Wellness Ctr, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Zaugg, Steven D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dw.bemis@colostate-pueblo.edu; chad.kinney@colostate-pueblo.edu; bbrownawell@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; gaiawellnesscenter@earthlink.net; efurlong@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov; sdzaugg@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 143-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903632 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Fox, PM Campbell, KM Hyun, SP Hayes, KF Williams, KH Long, P AF Davis, J. A. Fox, Patricia M. Campbell, Kate M. Hyun, Sung Pil Hayes, Kim F. Williams, Kenneth Hurst Long, Philip TI Influence of redox cycling on the natural attenuation of uranium transport in groundwater SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davis, J. A.; Fox, Patricia M.; Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hyun, Sung Pil; Hayes, Kim F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Williams, Kenneth Hurst] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Philip] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov; pfox@usgs.gov; sphyun@umich.edu; ford@umich.edu; khwilliams@lbl.gov; philip.long@pnl.gov RI Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Fox, Patricia/I-2208-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Fox, Patricia/0000-0002-5264-1876; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 76-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904470 ER PT J AU Jackson, A Orris, GJ AF Jackson, Andrew Orris, Greta J. TI ENVR 57-Occurrence of perchlorate across the world and the implication for human health impact SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jackson, Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Orris, Greta J.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM Andrew.jackson@ttu.edu; greta@swfo.arizona.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 57-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903777 ER PT J AU Kent, DB Curtis, GP AF Kent, Douglas B. Curtis, Gary P. TI GEOC 36-Phosphate-induced mobilization of arsenic examined in laboratory and field experiments in a well-characterized aquifer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kent, Douglas B.; Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dbkent@usgs.gov; gpcurtis@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 36-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902810 ER PT J AU Kinney, C Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Bemis, DW Kelly, C Hay, A Zaugg, SD AF Kinney, Chad Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Bemis, David W. Kelly, Carolyn Hay, Anthony Zaugg, Steven D. TI ENVR 82-Biosolids and earthworms: Bioaccumulation, toxicity, and removal of anthropogenic organic contaminants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kinney, Chad; Bemis, David W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Zaugg, Steven D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kelly, Carolyn] Gaia Inst Wellness Ctr, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Hay, Anthony] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM chad.kinney@colostate-pueblo.edu; efurlong@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov; dw.bemis@colostate-pueblo.edu; gaiawellnesscenter@earthlink.net; agh5@cornell.edu; sdzaugg@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 82-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903630 ER PT J AU Latch, DE Daumit, KE Whidbey, CM Gray, JL Aiken, GR AF Latch, Douglas E. Daumit, Kelly E. Whidbey, Christopher M. Gray, James L. Aiken, George R. TI GEOC 68-Natural organic matter's role in the photodegradation of endocrine-disrupting contaminants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Latch, Douglas E.; Daumit, Kelly E.; Whidbey, Christopher M.] Seattle Univ, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Gray, James L.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM latchd@seattleu.edu; daumitk@seattleu.edu; jlgray@usgs.gov; graiken@usgs.gov RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 68-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902759 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Christopher, SJ Day, RD Long, SE Marlow, A Molloy, JL Murphy, K Paul, RL Popelka-Filcoff, RS Rabb, SA Sieber, JR Spatz, RO Tomlin, BE Wood, L Yu, LL Zeisler, R Wilson, SA Jones, C Nebelsick, J AF Mackey, Elizabeth A. Christopher, Steven J. Day, Russell D. Long, Stephen E. Marlow, Anthony Molloy, John L. Murphy, Karen Paul, Rick L. Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S. Rabb, Savelas A. Sieber, John R. Spatz, Rabia Oflaz Tomlin, Bryan E. Wood, Laura Yu, Lee L. Zeisler, Rolf Wilson, Stephen A. Jones, Clifton Nebelsick, John TI ENVR 144-Certification of three soil Standard Reference Materials (R) for inorganic environmental measurements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Christopher, Steven J.; Day, Russell D.; Long, Stephen E.; Marlow, Anthony; Molloy, John L.; Murphy, Karen; Paul, Rick L.; Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S.; Rabb, Savelas A.; Sieber, John R.; Tomlin, Bryan E.; Wood, Laura; Yu, Lee L.; Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spatz, Rabia Oflaz] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Team, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jones, Clifton] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Grp, Las Vegas, NV 89120 USA. [Nebelsick, John] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM steven.christopher@nist.gov; russell.day@nist.gov; stephen.long@nist.gov; anthony.marlow@nist.gov; john.molloy@nist.gov; rachel.popelka-filcoff@nist.gov; savelas.rabb@nist.gov; Rabia@nist.gov; bryan.tomlin@nist.gov; laura.wood@nist.gov; lee.yu@nist.gov; swilson@usgs.gov RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 144-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903613 ER PT J AU Marvin-DiPasquale, M Kakouros, E Agee, JL Kieu, LH Windham-Myers, L AF Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Kakouros, Evangelos Agee, Jennifer L. Kieu, Le H. Windham-Myers, Lisamarie TI GEOC 52-Methylmercury production across San Francisco Bay regional habitats: Balancing benthic microbial activity and inorganic mercury availability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark; Kakouros, Evangelos; Agee, Jennifer L.; Kieu, Le H.; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmarvin@usgs.gov; kakouros@usgs.gov; jlagee@usgs.gov; lkieu@usgs.gov; lwindham@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 52-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902767 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Kolpin, DW AF Phillips, Patrick J. Kolpin, Dana W. TI ENVR 81-Characterizing poorly understood sources of organic wastewater compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Phillips, Patrick J.; Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pjphilli@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 81-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903690 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE Schmitt, CJ Schumacher, JG AF Rostad, Colleen E. Schmitt, Christopher J. Schumacher, John G. TI ENVR 8-Polar organic compounds in surface waters collected near lead-zinc mine and milling operations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Schmitt, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Schumacher, John G.] US Geol Survey, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov; cjschmitt@usgs.gov; jschu@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 8-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903553 ER PT J AU Stoliker, DL Kent, DB Davis, JA Zachara, JM AF Stoliker, Deborah L. Kent, Douglas B. Davis, J. A. Zachara, John M. TI GEOC 78-Processes controlling fate and transport of uranium(VI) in Hanford's 300-Area SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stoliker, Deborah L.; Kent, Douglas B.; Davis, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dlstoliker@usgs.gov; dbkent@usgs.gov; jadavis@usgs.gov; john.zachara@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 78-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902795 ER PT J AU Warren, E AF Warren, Ean TI CEI 1-Crude: The Incredible Journey of Oil SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Warren, Ean] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ewarren@scvacs.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 1-CEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901871 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. TI Response to Comment on "Environmental Occurrence of the Enterococcal Surface Protein (esp) Gene is an Unreliable Indicator of Human Fecal Contamination" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PREVALENCE; POLLUTION; FAECALIS; FAECIUM; ANIMALS; MARKER C1 [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RI PRAZERES, KELLY/O-7715-2015 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 16 BP 6436 EP 6437 DI 10.1021/es901795g PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 482RZ UT WOS:000268907700054 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Field, ME Bothner, MH Presto, MK Draut, AE AF Storlazzi, C. D. Field, M. E. Bothner, M. H. Presto, M. K. Draut, A. E. TI Sedimentation processes in a coral reef embayment: Hanalei Bay, Kauai SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; winds; waves; currents; sediment traps; sedimentation; USA; Hawaii; Kauai ID SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SOUTHERN MOLOKAI; TRAPS; RIVER; RESUSPENSION; GROWTH; FLUX; FLUORESCENCE; ORGANISMS AB Oceanographic measurements and sediment samples were collected during the summer of 2006 as part of a multi-year study of coastal circulation and the fate of terrigenous sediment on coral reefs in Hanalei Bay, Kauai. The goal of this study was to better understand sediment dynamics in a coral reef-lined embayment where winds, ocean surface waves, and river floods are important processes. During a summer period that was marked by two wave events and one river flood, we documented significant differences in sediment trap collection rates and the composition, grain size, and magnitude of sediment transported in the bay. Sediment trap collection rates were well correlated with combined wave-current near-bed shear stresses during the non-flood periods but were not correlated during the flood. The flood's delivery of fine-grained sediment to the bay initially caused high turbidity and sediment collection rates off the river mouth but the plume dispersed relatively quickly. Over the next month, the flood deposit was reworked by mild waves and currents and the fine-grained terrestrial sediment was advected around the bay and collected in sediment traps away from the river mouth, long after the turbid surface plume was gone. The reworked flood deposits, due to their longer duration of influence and proximity to the seabed, appear to pose a greater long-term impact to benthic coral reef communities than the flood plumes themselves. The results presented here display how spatial and temporal differences in hydrodynamic processes, which result from variations in reef morphology and orientation, cause substantial variations in the deposition, residence time, resuspension, and advection of both reef-derived and fluvial sediment over relatively short spatial scales in a coral reef embayment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Storlazzi, C. D.; Field, M. E.; Presto, M. K.; Draut, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Survey Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bothner, M. H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Survey Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 53 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 264 IS 3-4 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.05.002 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 485GM UT WOS:000269109200002 ER PT J AU George, DA Hill, PS AF George, D. A. Hill, P. S. TI Reply to the Comment on "Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey" by DA George and PS Hill [Marine Geology 254 (2008) 121-128] SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE sand-mud transition; Ebro continental shelf; wave energy; bed shear stress AB An analysis of concepts presented by George and Hill [George, D.A., Hill, P.S., 2008. Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey. Marine Geology, 254,121-128.] regarding the depth of the sand-mud transition (h(SMT)) was performed by Guillen and Jimenez [Jorge Guillen and Jose A. Jimenez, Comment on "Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey" by D.A. George and P.S. Hill [Marine Geology 254 (2008) 121-128], Marine Geology. in press]. We are pleased that our proposed definition of the h(SMT) was confirmed to be appropriate. We are encouraged that the authors agree that wave period and wave height should both be used to determine h(SMT) as we demonstrated in our Eq. (1), which calculates the bed shear stress at h(SMT). More in-depth research should focus on characterizing the role of sediment supply in determining h(SMT). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [George, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Hill, P. S.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP George, DA (reprint author), Calif Ocean Protect Council, Oakland, CA USA. EM doug.george@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 264 IS 3-4 BP 262 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.06.007 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 485GM UT WOS:000269109200012 ER PT J AU Miller, PJ Kim, LM Ip, HS Afonso, CL AF Miller, Patti J. Kim, L. Mia Ip, Hon S. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; Evolution; Recombination; Selection; Virulence; APMV-1 ID CODON-SUBSTITUTION MODELS; DETECTING MOLECULAR ADAPTATION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; AMINO-ACID SITES; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; LARGE PHYLOGENIES; MOSAIC STRUCTURE; RECOMBINATION; DNA AB A comprehensive dataset of NDV genome sequences was evaluated using bioinformatics to characterize the evolutionary forces affecting NDV genomes. Despite evidence of recombination in most genes, only one event in the fusion gene of genotype V viruses produced evolutionarily viable progenies. The codon-associated rate of change for the six NDV proteins revealed that the highest rate of change occurred at the fusion protein. All proteins were under strong purifying (negative) selection; the fusion protein displayed the highest number of amino acids under positive selection. Regardless of the phylogenetic grouping or the level of virulence, the cleavage site motif was highly conserved implying that mutations at this site that result in changes of virulence may not be favored. The coding sequence of the fusion gene and the genomes of viruses from wild birds displayed higher yearly rates of change in virulent viruses than in viruses of low virulence, suggesting that an increase in virulence may accelerate the rate of NDV evolution. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Patti J.; Kim, L. Mia; Afonso, Claudio L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, SE Poultry Res Labs, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, SE Poultry Res Labs, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 391 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 482DA UT WOS:000268863000009 PM 19564032 ER PT J AU Osorio, JE Iams, KP Meteyer, CU Rocke, TE AF Osorio, Jorge E. Iams, Keith P. Meteyer, Carol U. Rocke, Tonie E. TI Comparison of Monkeypox Viruses Pathogenesis in Mice by In Vivo Imaging SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SMALLPOX VACCINE; EXPRESSION VECTORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PRAIRIE DOGS; CONGO BASIN; DISEASE; PROTECTION; SQUIRRELS; TRANSMISSION AB Monkeypox viruses (MPXV) cause human monkeypox, a zoonotic smallpox-like disease endemic to Africa, and are of worldwide public health and biodefense concern. Using viruses from the Congo (MPXV-2003-Congo-358) and West African (MPXV-2003-USA-044) clades, we constructed recombinant viruses that express the luciferase gene (MPXV-Congo/Luc+ and MPXV-USA-Luc+) and compared their viral infection in mice by biophotonic imaging. BALB/c mice became infected by both MPXV clades, but they recovered and cleared the infection within 10 days post-infection (PI). However, infection in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) BALB/c mice resulted in 100% lethality. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of both MPXV-Congo and MPXV-Congo/ Luc+resulted in a systemic clinical disease and the same mean time-to-death at 9 (+/- 0) days post-infection. Likewise, IP injection of SCID-BALB/ c mice with MPXV-USA or the MPXV-USA-Luc+, resulted in similar disease but longer (P, 0.05) mean time-to-death (11 +/- 60 days) for both viruses compared to the Congo strains. Imaging studies in SCID mice showed luminescence in the abdomen within 24 hours PI with subsequent spread elsewhere. Animals infected with the MPXV-USA/ Luc+had less intense luminescence in tissues than those inoculated with MPXV-Congo/ Luc+, and systemic spread of the MPXV-USA/ Luc+ virus occurred approximately two days later than the MPXV-Congo/ Luc+. The ovary was an important target for viral replication as evidenced by the high viral titers and immunohistochemistry. These studies demonstrate the suitability of a mouse model and biophotonic imaging to compare the disease progression and tissue tropism of MPX viruses. C1 [Osorio, Jorge E.; Iams, Keith P.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Osorio, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM osorio@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU Region V 'Great Lakes' RCE (NIH) [1-U54-AI-057153] FX The authors wish to acknowledge membership within and support from the Region V 'Great Lakes' RCE (NIH award 1-U54-AI-057153). The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, and in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 8 AR e6592 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0006592 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 483BA UT WOS:000268935600017 PM 19668372 ER PT J AU Dohm, JM Williams, JP Anderson, RC Ruiz, J McGuire, PC Komatsu, G Davila, AF Ferris, JC Schulze-Makuch, D Baker, VR Boynton, WV Fairen, AG Hare, TM Miyamoto, H Tanaka, KL Wheelock, SJ AF Dohm, James M. Williams, Jean-Pierre Anderson, Robert C. Ruiz, Javier McGuire, Patrick C. Komatsu, Goro Davila, Alfonso F. Ferris, Justin C. Schulze-Makuch, Dirk Baker, Victor R. Boynton, William V. Fairen, Alberto G. Hare, Trent M. Miyamoto, Hirdy Tanaka, Kennth L. Wheelock, Shawn J. TI New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Mars; Valles Marineris; Tharsis; plume; superplume; magma; water; canyon system; life ID WEST CANDOR CHASMA; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; LAYERED DEPOSITS; WEATHERING PRODUCTS; SOUTHERN SIBERIA; THAUMASIA REGION; MERIDIANI PLANUM; LANDING SITE; SURFACE; THARSIS AB In this paper, we show that the complex geological evolution of Valles Marineris, Mars, has been highly influenced by the manifestation of magmatism (e.g., possible plume activity). This is based on a diversity of evidence, reported here, for the central part, Melas Chasma, and nearby regions, including uplift, loss of huge volumes of material, flexure, volcanism, and possible hydrothermal and endogenic-induced outflow channel activity. Observations include: (1) the identification of a new >50 km-diameter caldera/vent-like feature on the southwest flank of Melas, which is spatially associated with a previously identified center of tectonic activity using Viking data; (2) a prominent topographic rise at the central part of Valles Marineris, which includes Melas Chasma, interpreted to mark an uplift, consistent with faults that are radial and concentric about it; (3) HiRISE-identified landforms along the floor of the southeast part of Melas Chasma that are interpreted to reveal a volcanic field; (4) CRISM identification of sulfate-rich outcrops, which could be indicative of hydrothermal deposits; (5) GRS K/Th signature interpreted as water-magma interactions and/or variations in rock composition; and (6) geophysical evidence that may indicate partial compensation of the canyon and/or higher density intrusives beneath it. Long-term magma, tectonic, and water interactions (Late Noachian into the Amazonian), albeit intermittent, point to an elevated life potential, and thus Valles Marineris is considered a prime target for future life detection missions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.; Wheelock, Shawn J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.; Boynton, William V.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Williams, Jean-Pierre; Anderson, Robert C.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Anderson, Robert C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ruiz, Javier] Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Komatsu, Goro] Univ Annunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65421 Pescara, Italy. [Davila, Alfonso F.; Fairen, Alberto G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ferris, Justin C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Schulze-Makuch, Dirk] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hare, Trent M.; Tanaka, Kennth L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Miyamoto, Hirdy] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Wheelock, Shawn/A-7627-2010; Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Davila, Alfonso/A-2198-2013; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Ruiz, Javier/P-3975-2015; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012 OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk/0000-0002-1923-9746; Davila, Alfonso/0000-0002-0977-9909; McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Ruiz, Javier/0000-0002-3937-8380; Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X FU O. K. Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship; National Science Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research [AST-0709151]; McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences; NASA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) [1277793]; Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX The authors are indebted to two technical reviewers, Alvaro Marquez and Patrick McGovern, as well as two U.S. Geological Survey internal reviewers, James Skinner and an anonymous reviewer, for their thoughtful reviews, which have resulted in a significantly improved manuscript. James Dohm was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program, Javier Ruiz by a contract I3P with the CSIC, co-financed from the European Social Fund, Jean-Pierre Williams by the California Institute of Technology through the O. K. Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship and the National Science Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants program(AST-0709151), Patrick McGuire by a Robert M. Walker senior research fellowship from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, and by NASA funds through the Applied Physics Laboratory, under subcontract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL Contract #1277793), and both Alberto G. Fairen and Alfonso F. Davila were supported by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities and the NASA Post-Doctoral Program. We would also express our gratitude to the Gamma Ray Spectrometer Team whose diligent efforts have yielded tremendous fruit. NR 114 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 185 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 12 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 486AF UT WOS:000269167000003 ER PT J AU Dohm, JM Anderson, RC Williams, JP Ruiz, J McGuire, PC Buczkowski, DL Wang, RY Scharenbroich, L Hare, TM Connerney, JEP Baker, VR Wheelock, SJ Ferris, JC Miyamoto, H AF Dohm, James M. Anderson, Robert C. Williams, Jean-Pierre Ruiz, Javier McGuire, Patrick C. Buczkowski, Debra L. Wang, Ruye Scharenbroich, Lucas Hare, Trent M. Connerney, J. E. P. Baker, Victor R. Wheelock, Shawn J. Ferris, Justin C. Miyamoto, Hirdy TI Claritas rise, Mars: Pre-Tharsis magmatism? SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Mars; Claritas rise; Tharsis; Claritas Fossae; Syria Planum; Thaumasia highlands; superplume; plume; tectonism; hydrothermal; dynamo; magnetosphere ID EMISSION SPECTROMETER DATA; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; EARLY DIFFERENTIATION; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; THAUMASIA REGION; MARTIAN SURFACE; TOPOGRAPHY; GRAVITY; ENVIRONMENT AB Claritas rise is a prominent ancient (Noachian) center of tectonism identified through investigation of comprehensive paleotectonic information of the western hemisphere of Mars. This center is interpreted to be the result of magmatic-driven activity, including uplift and associated tectonism, as well as possible hydrothermal activity. Coupled with its ancient stratigraphy, high density of impact craters, and complex structure, a possible magnetic signature may indicate that it formed during an ancient period of Mars' evolution, such as when the dynamo was in operation. As Tharsis lacks magnetic signatures, Claritas rise may pre-date the development of Tharsis or mark incipient development, since some of the crustal materials underlying Tharsis and older parts of the magmatic complex, respectively, could have been highly resurfaced, destroying any remanent magnetism. Here, we detail the significant characteristics of the Claritas rise, and present a case for why it should be targeted by the Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and Mars Express spacecrafts, as well as be considered as a prime target for future tier-scalable robotic reconnaissance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.; Wheelock, Shawn J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Anderson, Robert C.; Scharenbroich, Lucas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Anderson, Robert C.; Williams, Jean-Pierre] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ruiz, Javier] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Buczkowski, Debra L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wang, Ruye] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Engn, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Hare, Trent M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Connerney, J. E. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferris, Justin C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Miyamoto, Hirdy] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Wheelock, Shawn/A-7627-2010; Ruiz, Javier/P-3975-2015; Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; connerney, john/I-5127-2013; Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014 OI Ruiz, Javier/0000-0002-3937-8380; McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; FU NASA; European Social Fund; California Institute of Technology; National Science Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research [AST-0709151]; McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) [1277793] FX The authors are indebted to two technical reviewers, Daniel Mege and an anonymous reviewer, whose efforts have resulted in a significantly improved manuscript. We are also appreciative of helpful inputs by H. Jay Melosh, as well as machine learning-related information contributed by Rebecca Castano and Brad Dalton (Section 3.1). James Dohm was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program, Javier Ruiz by a contract I3P with the CSIC, co-financed from the European Social Fund, Jean-Pierre Williams by the California Institute of Technology through the O. K. Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship and the National Science Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants program (AST-0709151), Patrick McGuire by a Robert M. Walker senior research fellowship from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, and by NASA funds through the Applied Physics Laboratory, under subcontract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL Contract #1277793). NR 100 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 185 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.03.012 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 486AF UT WOS:000269167000011 ER PT J AU Maus, S Barckhausen, U Berkenbosch, H Bournas, N Brozena, J Childers, V Dostaler, F Fairhead, JD Finn, C von Frese, RRB Gaina, C Golynsky, S Kucks, R Luhr, H Milligan, P Mogren, S Muller, RD Olesen, O Pilkington, M Saltus, R Schreckenberger, B Thebault, E Tontini, FC AF Maus, S. Barckhausen, U. Berkenbosch, H. Bournas, N. Brozena, J. Childers, V. Dostaler, F. Fairhead, J. D. Finn, C. von Frese, R. R. B. Gaina, C. Golynsky, S. Kucks, R. Luehr, H. Milligan, P. Mogren, S. Mueller, R. D. Olesen, O. Pilkington, M. Saltus, R. Schreckenberger, B. Thebault, E. Tontini, F. Caratori TI EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE magnetic anomaly; magnetic grid; magnetic model ID CRUSTAL; OCEAN; FIELD; MAP AB A global Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) has been compiled from satellite, ship, and airborne magnetic measurements. EMAG2 is a significant update of our previous candidate grid for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map. The resolution has been improved from 3 arc min to 2 arc min, and the altitude has been reduced from 5 km to 4 km above the geoid. Additional grid and track line data have been included, both over land and the oceans. Wherever available, the original shipborne and airborne data were used instead of precompiled oceanic magnetic grids. Interpolation between sparse track lines in the oceans was improved by directional gridding and extrapolation, based on an oceanic crustal age model. The longest wavelengths (>330 km) were replaced with the latest CHAMP satellite magnetic field model MF6. EMAG2 is available at http://geomag.org/models/EMAG2 and for permanent archive at http://earthref.org/ cgi-bin/er.cgi?s=erda.cgi?n=970. C1 [Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Barckhausen, U.; Schreckenberger, B.] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Berkenbosch, H.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Bournas, N.] Geotech Ltd, Aurora, ON L4G 4C4, Canada. [Brozena, J.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Childers, V.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dostaler, F.; Pilkington, M.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. [Fairhead, J. D.] GETECH, Leeds LS8 2LJ, W Yorkshire, England. [Fairhead, J. D.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Finn, C.; Kucks, R.; Saltus, R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [von Frese, R. R. B.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gaina, C.; Olesen, O.] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Golynsky, S.] All Russian Res Inst Geol & Mineral Resources Wor, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. [Luehr, H.] German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Milligan, P.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Mogren, S.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Mueller, R. D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Thebault, E.] Inst Phys Globe, F-75252 Paris, France. [Tontini, F. Caratori] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-19020 Fezzano, Italy. RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov RI Berkenbosch, Heidi/D-3969-2011; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; Gaina, Carmen/I-5213-2015; OI Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X FU Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX Last but not least, the operational support of the CHAMP mission by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the financial support for the data processing by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 115 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 10 AR Q08005 DI 10.1029/2009GC002471 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 481NK UT WOS:000268818100001 ER PT J AU Ferrer, I Barber, LB Thurman, EM AF Ferrer, Imma Barber, Larry B. Thurman, E. Michael TI Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric fragmentation study of phytoestrogens as their trimethylsilyl derivatives: Identification in soy milk and wastewater samples SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Phytoestrogens; Ion-trap GC-MS; Wastewater; Mass spectrometry ID AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; NATURAL-WATERS; RIVER WATER; BISPHENOL-A; QUANTIFICATION; ISOFLAVONES; FOODS; FLAVONOIDS; GENISTEIN AB An analytical method for the identification of eight plant phytoestrogens (biochanin A. coumestrol, daidzein, equol, formononetin, glycitein, genistein and prunetin) in soy products and wastewater samples was developed using gas chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/MS-MS). The phytoestrogens were derivatized as their trimethylsilyl ethers with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The phytoestrogens were isolated from all samples with liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Daidzein-d(4) and genistein-d(4) labeled standards were used as internal standards before extraction and derivatization. The fragmentation patterns of the phytoestrogens were investigated by isolating and fragmenting the precursor ions in the ion-trap and a typical fragmentation involved the loss of a methyl and a carbonyl group. Two characteristic fragment ions for each analyte were chosen for identification and confirmation. The developed methodology was applied to the identification and confirmation of phytoestrogens in soy milk, in wastewater effluent from a soy-milk processing plant, and in wastewater (influent and effluent) from a treatment plant. Detected concentrations of genistein ranged from 50,000 mu g/L and 2000 mu g/L in soy milk and in wastewater from a soy-plant, respectively, to 20 mu g/L and <1 mu g/L for influent and effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferrer, Imma; Thurman, E. Michael] Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Mass Spectrometry, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barber, Larry B.; Thurman, E. Michael] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ferrer, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Mass Spectrometry, ECOT 441, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM imferrer@ono.com RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 FU Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia; U.S. Geological Survey FX The use of brand, trade, or firm names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. I.F. acknowledges travel support from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia ("Jose Castillejo" Program) in Spain. This work was partly supported by the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and authors want to thank our colleagues, Mike Focazio and Herb Buxton of the USGS. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 32 BP 6024 EP 6032 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.042 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 477LO UT WOS:000268520800013 PM 19577238 ER PT J AU Clark, PU Dyke, AS Shakun, JD Carlson, AE Clark, J Wohlfarth, B Mitrovica, JX Hostetler, SW McCabe, AM AF Clark, Peter U. Dyke, Arthur S. Shakun, Jeremy D. Carlson, Anders E. Clark, Jorie Wohlfarth, Barbara Mitrovica, Jerry X. Hostetler, Steven W. McCabe, A. Marshall TI The Last Glacial Maximum SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MILLENNIAL TIME SCALES; SEA-LEVEL HISTORIES; ICE-SHEET; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE; ANTARCTICA; PERIOD; GREENLAND AB We used 5704 C-14, Be-10, and He-3 ages that span the interval from 10,000 to 50,000 years ago (10 to 50 ka) to constrain the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in terms of global ice-sheet and mountain-glacier extent. Growth of the ice sheets to their maximum positions occurred between 33.0 and 26.5 ka in response to climate forcing from decreases in northern summer insolation, tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric CO2. Nearly all ice sheets were at their LGM positions from 26.5 ka to 19 to 20 ka, corresponding to minima in these forcings. The onset of Northern Hemisphere deglaciation 19 to 20 ka was induced by an increase in northern summer insolation, providing the source for an abrupt rise in sea level. The onset of deglaciation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet occurred between 14 and 15 ka, consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in sea level similar to 14.5 ka. C1 [Clark, Peter U.; Shakun, Jeremy D.; Clark, Jorie] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dyke, Arthur S.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Carlson, Anders E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wohlfarth, Barbara] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hostetler, Steven W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCabe, A. Marshall] Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. RP Clark, PU (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM clarkp@onid.orst.edu OI Wong, Yuk Fai/0000-0002-3756-1237 FU NSF; Geological Survey of Canada Climate Change Program; University of Wisconsin; Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co.; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research FX This work was supported by NSF (P.U.C., J.D.S., A.E.C., and S.W.H.), the Geological Survey of Canada Climate Change Program (A.S.D.), the University of Wisconsin (A.E.C.), the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (B.W.), and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (J.X.M.). NR 52 TC 848 Z9 878 U1 58 U2 363 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5941 BP 710 EP 714 DI 10.1126/science.1172873 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 480HF UT WOS:000268723700039 PM 19661421 ER PT J AU Fienen, M Hunt, R Krabbenhoft, D Clemo, T AF Fienen, M. Hunt, R. Krabbenhoft, D. Clemo, T. TI Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SANDY SILICATE AQUIFER; ESTIMATING GROUNDWATER EXCHANGE; PRECIPITATION-DOMINATED LAKE; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; MODEL CALIBRATION; INVERSE PROBLEM; MINERALOGIC CONTROLS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; WATER; CHEMISTRY AB Flow path delineation is a valuable tool for interpreting the subsurface hydrogeochemical environment. Different types of data, such as groundwater flow and transport, inform different aspects of hydrogeologic parameter values (hydraulic conductivity in this case) which, in turn, determine flow paths. This work combines flow and transport information to estimate a unified set of hydrogeologic parameters using the Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach. Parameter flexibility is allowed by using a highly parameterized approach with the level of complexity informed by the data. Despite the effort to adhere to the ideal of minimal a priori structure imposed on the problem, extreme contrasts in parameters can result in the need to censor correlation across hydrostratigraphic bounding surfaces. These partitions segregate parameters into facies associations. With an iterative approach in which partitions are based on inspection of initial estimates, flow path interpretation is progressively refined through the inclusion of more types of data. Head observations, stable oxygen isotopes (O-18/O-16 ratios), and tritium are all used to progressively refine flow path delineation on an isthmus between two lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, northern Wisconsin, United States. Despite allowing significant parameter freedom by estimating many distributed parameter values, a smooth field is obtained. C1 [Fienen, M.; Hunt, R.; Krabbenhoft, D.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Clemo, T.] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Fienen, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651 FU National Academies Research Associateship Program; USGS Office of Groundwater; USGS Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) FX This work was funded by the National Academies Research Associateship Program, which provided postdoctoral research funding for the first author. The USGS Office of Groundwater and the USGS Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program provided further funding. The authors wish to thank Bob Michel, Daniel Feinstein, Dave Saad, John Walker, John Doherty, and Wolfgang Nowak for their support and consultation. The personnel of the NSF North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research Trout Lake Site also provided valuable support. Critical reviews by John Walker, Anna Michalak, and three anonymous reviewers also greatly improved this manuscript. NR 78 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W08405 DI 10.1029/2008WR007431 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 481PY UT WOS:000268825000001 ER PT J AU Wendt, J Oglesby, DD Geist, EL AF Wendt, James Oglesby, David D. Geist, Eric L. TI Tsunamis and splay fault dynamics SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE PROPAGATION; BRANCHED FAULT; SLIP FAULTS; EARTHQUAKE; GENERATION; PRESTRESS; VELOCITY; COMPLEX; STRESS; THRUST AB The geometry of a fault system can have significant effects on tsunami generation, but most tsunami models to date have not investigated the dynamic processes that determine which path rupture will take in a complex fault system. To gain insight into this problem, we use the 3D finite element method to model the dynamics of a plate boundary/splay fault system. We use the resulting ground deformation as a time-dependent boundary condition for a 2D shallow-water hydrodynamic tsunami calculation. We find that if the stress distribution is homogeneous, rupture remains on the plate boundary thrust. When a barrier is introduced along the strike of the plate boundary thrust, rupture propagates to the splay faults, and produces a significantly larger tsunami than in the homogeneous case. The results have implications for the dynamics of megathrust earthquakes, and also suggest that dynamic earthquake modeling may be a useful tool in tsunami research. Citation: Wendt, J., D. D. Oglesby, and E. L. Geist (2009), Tsunamis and splay fault dynamics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15303, doi:10.1029/2009GL038295. C1 [Wendt, James] Pomona Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Oglesby, David D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Wendt, J (reprint author), Pomona Coll, Dept Phys, 333 N Coll Way, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM david.oglesby@ucr.edu FU Undergraduate Research Program of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement [EAR-0106924] FX This work was supported by the Undergraduate Research Program of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924. This manuscript was improved by thoughtful conversations with James Rice, Uri ten Brink, and many others. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L15303 DI 10.1029/2009GL038295 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481NW UT WOS:000268819400001 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Smith, JA Serinaldi, F Bales, J Bates, PD Krajewski, WF AF Villarini, Gabriele Smith, James A. Serinaldi, Francesco Bales, Jerad Bates, Paul D. Krajewski, Witold F. TI Flood frequency analysis for nonstationary annual peak records in an urban drainage basin SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Nonstationarity; Urbanization; GAMLSS; Flood frequency analysis ID ADDITIVE-MODELS; EXTREME EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; MIXED MODELS; TIME-SERIES; URBANIZATION; HYDROLOGY; DURATION; RAINFALL AB Flood frequency analysis in urban watersheds is complicated by nonstationarities of annual peak records associated with land use change and evolving urban stormwater infrastructure. In this study, a framework for flood frequency analysis is developed based on the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape parameters (GAMLSS), a tool for modeling time series under nonstationary conditions. GAMLSS is applied to annual maximum peak discharge records for Little Sugar Creek, a highly urbanized watershed which drains the urban core of Charlotte, North Carolina. It is shown that GAMLSS is able to describe the variability in the mean and variance of the annual maximum peak discharge by modeling the parameters of the selected parametric distribution as a smooth function of time via cubic splines. Flood frequency analyses for Little Sugar Creek (at a drainage area of 110 km(2)) show that the maximum flow with a 0.01-annual probability (corresponding to 100-year flood peak under stationary conditions) over the 83-year record has ranged from a minimum unit discharge of 2.1 m(3) s(-1) km(-2) to a maximum of 5.1 m(3) s(-1) km(-2). An alternative characterization can be made by examining the estimated return interval of the peak discharge that would have an annual exceedance probability of 0.01 under the assumption of stationarity (3.2 m(3) s(-1) km(-2)). Under nonstationary conditions, alternative definitions of return period should be adapted. Under the GAMLSS model, the return interval of an annual peak discharge of 3.2 m(3) s(-1) km(-2) ranges from a maximum value of more than 5000 years in 1957 to a minimum value of almost 8 years for the present time (2007). The GAMLSS framework is also used to examine the links between population trends and flood frequency, as well as trends in annual maximum rainfall. These analyses are used to examine evolving flood frequency over future decades. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Willis Res Network, London, England. [Serinaldi, Francesco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Hydraul Transportat & Highways, Rome, Italy. [Serinaldi, Francesco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Italian Univ, CU Honors Ctr H2, Rome, Italy. [Bales, Jerad] USGS, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. [Bates, Paul D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Krajewski, Witold F.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gvillari@princeton.edu RI Bates, Paul/C-8026-2012; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Bates, Paul/0000-0001-9192-9963; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network; National Science Foundation [EF-0709538]; NASA FX This research was funded in part by the Willis Research Network, the National Science Foundation (Grant No. EF-0709538), and NASA. The authors would like to thank Dr. Stasinopoulos, Dr. Rigby, and Dr. Akantziliotou for making the gamlss package [56] freely available in R [44]. NR 68 TC 124 Z9 135 U1 6 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1255 EP 1266 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.05.003 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 483PV UT WOS:000268980700012 ER PT J AU Harding, AMA Kitaysky, AS Hamer, KC Hall, ME Welcker, J Talbot, SL Karnovsky, NJ Gabrielsen, GW Gremillet, D AF Harding, A. M. A. Kitaysky, A. S. Hamer, K. C. Hall, M. E. Welcker, J. Talbot, S. L. Karnovsky, N. J. Gabrielsen, G. W. Gremillet, D. TI Impacts of experimentally increased foraging effort on the family: offspring sex matters SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Review DE Alle alle; compensatory care; dovekie; little auk; parental investment; provisioning decision; sex allocation theory ID AUK ALLE-ALLE; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS-RESPONSE; BIASED MATERNAL INVESTMENT; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; PARENTAL EFFORT; FOOD AVAILABILITY; BODY CONDITION; SIZE DIMORPHISM; MASS-LOSS AB We examined how short-term impacts of experimentally increased foraging effort by one parent reverberate around the family in a monomorphic seabird (little auk, Alle alle), and whether these effects depend on offspring sex. In many species, more effort is required to rear sons successfully than daughters. However, undernourishment may have stronger adverse consequences for male offspring, which could result in a lower fitness benefit of additional parental effort when rearing a son. We tested two alternative hypotheses concerning the responses of partners to handicapping parents via feather clipping: partners rearing a son are (1) more willing or able to compensate for the reduced contribution of their mate, or (2) less willing or able to compensate, compared to those rearing a daughter. Hypothesis 1 predicts that sons will be no more adversely affected than daughters, and the impact on parents will be greater when rearing a son. Hypothesis 2 predicts that sons will be more adversely affected than daughters, and parents raising a son less affected. Although experimental chicks of both sexes. edged in poorer condition than controls, sons attained higher mass and more rapid growth than daughters in both groups. Clipped parents lost a similar proportion of their initial mass regardless of chick sex, whereas partners of clipped birds lost more mass when rearing a son. These results support hypothesis 1: impacts of increased foraging effort by one parent were felt by offspring, regardless of their sex, and by the partners of manipulated birds, particularly when the offspring was male. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harding, A. M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Harding, A. M. A.; Hamer, K. C.] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Kitaysky, A. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hall, M. E.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Welcker, J.; Gabrielsen, G. W.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Talbot, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Karnovsky, N. J.] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Gremillet, D.] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. RP Harding, AMA (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aharding@usgs.gov RI Hall, Maggie/C-7906-2009 FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor [388]; National Science Foundation [0612504]; USGS-Alaska Science Center; NPRB [RO320]; NSF EPSCoR NSF [0346770] FX Many thanks to H. Routti, J. Fort, R. Orben, E. Weston, M. Anne Pella-Donnelly and K. Holser for their energy and assistance in the field, and M. Munck, NANU Travel, C. Egevang, F. Delbart, T. and T. Fischbach, and R. and J. Harding for their logistical support. We thank Z. Kitaiskaia for her expertly performed hormonal assays. This project was funded by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (Grant 388 to D. G.), and the National Science Foundation (grant 0612504 to A. M. A. H. and N.J.K.), and was supported by USGS-Alaska Science Center. Additional funding was provided by NPRB grant no. RO320 and NSF EPSCoR NSF no. 0346770 to A. S. K. The manuscript benefited from helpful reviews by A. Gall and S. Wang. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 101 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 78 IS 2 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.05.009 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 482QD UT WOS:000268902900013 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, A Haack, SK Duris, JW Marsh, TL AF Chaudhary, Anita Haack, Sheridan Kidd Duris, Joseph W. Marsh, Terence L. TI Bacterial and Archaeal Phylogenetic Diversity of a Cold Sulfur-Rich Spring on the Shoreline of Lake Erie, Michigan SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEARLS-LIKE MORPHOLOGY; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; SULFIDE-RICH; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NATURAL COMMUNITIES; SUBMERGED SINKHOLE; TOXIC MICROCYSTIS; CRUDE-OIL; CAVE; WATER AB Studies of sulfidic springs have provided new insights into microbial metabolism, groundwater biogeochemistry, and geologic processes. We investigated Great Sulphur Spring on the western shore of Lake Erie and evaluated the phylogenetic affiliations of 189 bacterial and 77 archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences from three habitats: the spring origin (11-m depth), bacterial-algal mats on the spring pond surface, and whitish filamentous materials from the spring drain. Water from the spring origin water was cold, pH 6.3, and anoxic (H(2), 5.4 nM; CH(4), 2.70 mu M) with concentrations of S(2-) (0.03 mM), SO(4)(2-) (14.8 mM), Ca(2-) (15.7 mM), and HCO(3)(-) (4.1 mM) similar to those in groundwater from the local aquifer. No archaeal and few bacterial sequences were >95% similar to sequences of cultivated organisms. Bacterial sequences were largely affiliated with sulfur-metabolizing or chemolithotrophic taxa in Beta-, Gamma-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. Epsilonproteobacteria sequences similar to those obtained from other sulfidic environments and a new clade of Cyanobacteria sequences were particularly abundant (16% and 40%, respectively) in the spring origin clone library. Crenarchaeota sequences associated with archaeal-bacterial consortia in whitish filaments at a German sulfidic spring were detected only in a similar habitat at Great Sulphur Spring. This study expands the geographic distribution of many uncultured Archaea and Bacteria sequences to the Laurentian Great Lakes, indicates possible roles for epsilonproteobacteria in local aquifer chemistry and karst formation, documents new oscillatorioid Cyanobacteria lineages, and shows that uncultured, cold-adapted Crenarchaeota sequences may comprise a significant part of the microbial community of some sulfidic environments. C1 [Haack, Sheridan Kidd; Duris, Joseph W.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Chaudhary, Anita; Marsh, Terence L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Haack, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM skhaack@usgs.gov OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109 FU National Agricultural Technical Project (NATP); Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India FX A. C. gratefully acknowledges funding from the National Agricultural Technical Project (NATP), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India. This study was funded in part by the U. S. Geological Survey Eastern Region Integrated Science Program and by support from the Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, to T. L. M. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 21 U2 35 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 15 BP 5025 EP 5036 DI 10.1128/AEM.00112-09 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 474VE UT WOS:000268311600013 PM 19542341 ER PT J AU Smith, DB AF Smith, David B. TI Geochemical studies of North American soils: Results from the pilot study phase of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project Preface SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN HEALTH C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dsmith@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1355 EP 1356 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.006 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300001 ER PT J AU Smith, DB Woodruff, LG O'Leary, RM Cannon, WF Garrett, RG Kilburn, JE Goldhaber, MB AF Smith, David B. Woodruff, Laurel G. O'Leary, Richard M. Cannon, William F. Garrett, Robert G. Kilburn, James E. Goldhaber, Martin B. TI Pilot studies for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project - Site selection, sampling protocols, analytical methods, and quality control protocols SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HUMAN HEALTH; METALS AB In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled and chemically analyzed soils along two transects across Canada and the USA in preparation for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America. This effort was a pilot study to test and refine sampling protocols, analytical methods, quality control protocols, and field logistics for the continental survey. A total of 220 sample sites were selected at approximately 40-km intervals along the two transects. The ideal sampling protocol at each site called for a sample from a depth of 0-5 cm and a composite of each of the 0, A, and C horizons. The <2-mm fraction of each sample was analyzed for Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y. and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO(3), HClO(4), and HE Separate methods were used for Hg, Se, total C, and carbonate-C on this same size fraction. Only Ag, In, and Te had a large percentage of concentrations below the detection limit. Quality control (QC) of the analyses was monitored at three levels: the laboratory performing the analysis, the USGS QC officer, and the principal investigator for the study. This level of review resulted in an average of one QC sample for every 20 field samples, which proved to be minimally adequate for such a large-scale survey. Additional QC samples should be added to monitor within-batch quality to the extent that no more than 10 samples are analyzed between a QC sample. Only Cr (77%), Y (82%), and Sb (80%) fell outside the acceptable limits of accuracy (% recovery between 85 and 115%) because of likely residence in mineral phases resistant to the acid digestion. A separate sample of 0-5-cm material was collected at each site for determination of organic compounds. A subset of 73 of these samples was analyzed for a suite of 19 organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography. Only three of these samples had detectable pesticide concentrations. A separate sample of A-horizon soil was collected for microbial characterization by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), soil enzyme assays, and determination of selected human and agricultural pathogens. Collection, preservation and analysis of samples for both organic compounds and microbial characterization add a great degree of complication to the sampling and preservation protocols and a significant increase to the cost for a continental-scale survey. Both these issues must be considered carefully prior to adopting these parameters as part of the soil geochemical survey of North America. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, David B.; O'Leary, Richard M.; Kilburn, James E.; Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Woodruff, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. [Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Garrett, Robert G.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. RP Smith, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dsmith@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada FX This study was jointly funded by the US Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada. Thoughtful reviews by John Gray (USGS) and Paul Larnothe (USGS) greatly improved the manuscript. NR 56 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1357 EP 1368 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.008 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300002 ER PT J AU Woodruff, LG Cannon, WF Eberl, DD Smith, DB Kilburn, JE Horton, JD Garrett, RG Klassen, RA AF Woodruff, Laurel G. Cannon, William F. Eberl, Dennis D. Smith, David B. Kilburn, James E. Horton, John D. Garrett, Robert G. Klassen, Rodney A. TI Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: Results from two transects across the United States and Canada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; MERCURY; WISCONSIN; CHINA; DDT; USA AB In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) initiated a pilot study that involved collection of more than 1500 soil samples from 221 sites along two continental transects across Canada and the United States. The pilot study was designed to test and refine protocols for a soil geochemical survey of North America. The two transects crossed a wide array of soil parent materials, soil ages, climatic conditions, landforms, land covers and land uses. Sample sites were selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals from a population defined as all soils of the continent. At each site, soils representing 0 to 5 cm depth, and the 0, A, and C horizons, if present, were collected and analyzed for their near-total content of over 40 major and trace elements. Soils from 0-5 cm depth were also collected for analysis of organic compounds. Results from the transects confirm that soil samples collected at a 40-km spacing reveal coherent, continental- to subcontinental-scale geochemical and mineralogical patterns that can be correlated to aspects of underlying soil parent material, soil age and climate influence. The geochemical data also demonstrate that at the continental-scale the dominance of any of these major factors that control soil geochemistry can change across the landscape. Along both transects, soil mineralogy and geochemistry change abruptly with changes in soil parent materials. However, the chemical influence of a soil's parent material can be obscured by changing climatic conditions. For the transects, increasing precipitation from west to east and increasing temperature from north to south affect both soil mineralogy and geochemistry because of climate effects on soil weathering and leaching, and plant productivity. Regional anomalous metal concentrations can be linked to natural variations in soil parent materials, such as high Ni and Cr in soils developed on ultramafic rocks in California or high P in soils formed on weathered Ordovician limestones in central Kentucky. On local scales, anomalous metal concentrations recognized in soil profiles, such as high P in soils from animal confinement sites, are consistent with local anthropogenic disturbances. At a larger scale, the distribution of Hg across the west to east transect demonstrates that it can be difficult to distinguish between natural or anthropogenic contributions and that many factors can contribute to an element's spatial distribution. Only three samples in a subset of seventy-three 0-5 cm depth soil samples from the north to south transect had organochlorine pesticides values above the method detection limit, apparently related to historic usage of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Woodruff, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. [Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Smith, David B.; Kilburn, James E.; Horton, John D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Garrett, Robert G.; Klassen, Rodney A.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. RP Woodruff, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. EM woodruff@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1369 EP 1381 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300003 ER PT J AU Eberl, DD Smith, DB AF Eberl, D. D. Smith, David B. TI Mineralogy of soils from two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada and its relation to soil geochemistry and climate SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOESS AB Quantitative mineralogy correlates with major, minor- and trace-element chemistry for 387 samples of A-horizon and deeper soils collected from east-west and north-south transects across the USA and Canada, where the deeper soils were collected beneath the A-horizon samples. Concentrations of the major elements correlate with specific mineral phases. Minor- and trace-element concentrations correlate with the same phases as the major elements with which they share similar geochemical behavior. Concentrations of quartz and feldspar correlate with precipitation trends east of the Rocky Mountains, and are independent of the underlying rock type and age, indicating that the weathering of soils in this region may have reached a steady-state mineralogy. Other trends in mineralogy relate to physiographic province. The combination of quantitative mineralogy and chemical analysis yields a much richer portrait of soils than can be gained from chemistry alone, because the origins of chemical trends and the chemical availability of specific elements are related to mineralogy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eberl, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Eberl, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM ddeberl@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1394 EP 1404 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.010 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300005 ER PT J AU Bern, CR AF Bern, Carleton R. TI Soil chemistry in lithologically diverse datasets: The quartz dilution effect SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; SEDIMENTS; ELEMENTS AB National- and continental-scale soil geochemical datasets are likely to move our understanding of broad soil geochemistry patterns forward significantly. Patterns of chemistry and mineralogy delineated from these datasets are strongly influenced by the composition of the soil parent material, which itself is largely a function of lithology and particle size sorting. Such controls present a challenge by obscuring subtler patterns arising from subsequent pedogenic processes. Here the effect of quartz concentration is examined in moist-climate soils from a pilot dataset of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Due to variable and high quartz contents (6.2-81.7 wt.%), and its residual and inert nature in soil, quartz is demonstrated to influence broad patterns in soil chemistry. A dilution effect is observed whereby concentrations of various elements are significantly and strongly negatively correlated with quartz. Quartz content drives artificial positive correlations between concentrations of some elements and obscures negative correlations between others. Unadjusted soil data show the highly mobile base cations Ca, Mg, and Na to be often strongly positively correlated with intermediately mobile Al or Fe, and generally uncorrelated with the relatively immobile high-field-strength elements (HFS) Ti and Nb. Both patterns are contrary to broad expectations for soils being weathered and leached. After transforming bulk soil chemistry to a quartz-free basis, the base cations are generally uncorrelated with Al and Fe, and negative correlations generally emerge with the HFS elements. Quartz-free element data may be a useful tool for elucidating patterns of weathering or parent-material chemistry in large soil datasets. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1429 EP 1437 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.013 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300008 ER PT J AU Morman, SA Plumlee, GS Smith, DB AF Morman, Suzette A. Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Smith, David B. TI Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; MINE-WASTE; LEAD; VALIDATION; SPECIATION; TRANSPORT; CR(III); CADMIUM; CR(VI) AB In vitro bioaccessibility tests (IVBA) are inexpensive, physiologically-based extraction tests designed to estimate the bioaccessibility of elements along ingestion exposure pathways. Published IVBA protocols call for the testing to be done on the <250-mu m fraction of soil, as these particles are most likely to adhere to the hands of children and be ingested. Most IVBA in the literature to date have been applied to soil samples from highly contaminated sites or to spiked samples, and relatively little work has been done to evaluate bioaccessibility of elements in a wide variety of uncontaminated 'background' soils. In 2004, the US Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled soils along north-south and east-west transects across the two countries to test and refine sampling and analytical protocols recommended for the planned soil geochemical survey of North America. Samples were collected at 220 sites selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals. The focus of the investigation presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to begin to examine variations in bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in a number of 'background' (i.e., unpolluted) soils from around North America and (2) to determine if there are significant differences that would preclude using the standard size fraction of <2 mm for extraction with a simulated gastric fluid as an expeditious and inexpensive bioaccessibility screening tool for the large numbers of future samples to be collected by this continental-scale project. A subset of 20 soil samples collected along the north-south transect at a depth of 0-5 cm was used for this study. Two separate size fractions (<2 mm and <250 mu m) were extracted using a simulated human gastric fluid consisting of a solution of HCl and glycine adjusted to a pH of 1.5. In general, the leachate results for the <2-mm size fraction were not substantially different than those for the <250-mu m size fraction for concentrations of As. Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. Leachate concentrations for Cd, Ni and Pb appear to be controlled to some extent by the total concentration of the element in soil. Bioaccessibility of the elements in this study decreased in the order, Cd > Pb > Ni > As > Cr. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morman, Suzette A.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Morman, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM smorman@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1454 EP 1463 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300010 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW Petrosky, T Morman, SA Luna, VA AF Griffin, Dale W. Petrosky, Terry Morman, Suzette A. Luna, Vicki A. TI A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; LETHAL TOXIN; DIVERSITY; SPORES; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTS; INFORMATION; PERSISTENCE; OUTBREAKS AB Soil samples were collected along a north-south transect extending from Manitoba, Canada, to the US-Mexico border near El Paso, Texas in 2004 (104 samples), a group of sites within New Orleans, Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 (19 samples), and a Gulf Coast transect extending from Sulphur, Louisiana, to DeFuniak Springs, Florida, in 2007 (38 samples). Samples were collected from the top 40 cm of soil and were screened for the presence of total Bacillus species and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), specifically using multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using an assay with a sensitivity of similar to 170 equivalent colony-forming units (CFU) g(-1) field moist soil, the prevalence rate of Bacillus sp./B. anthracis in the north-south transect and the 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina sample set were 20/5% and 26/26%, respectively. Prevalence in the 2007 Gulf Coast sample set using an assay with a sensitivity of similar to 4 CFU g(-1) of soil was 63/0%. Individual transect-set data indicate a positive relation between occurrences of species and soil moisture or soil constituents (i.e., Zn and Cu content). The 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina data indicated that B. anthracis is readily detectable in Gulf Coast soils following flood events. The data also indicated that occurrence, as it relates to soil chemistry, may be confounded by flood-induced dissemination of germinated cells and the mixing of soil constituents for short temporal periods following an event. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Griffin, Dale W.; Petrosky, Terry] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Morman, Suzette A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Luna, Vicki A.] Univ S Florida, Ctr Biol Def, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2010 Levy Ave,Suite 100, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM dgriffin@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1464 EP 1471 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.016 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300011 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Smith, DB AF Reeves, James B., III Smith, David B. TI The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; CARBON; CALIBRATIONS; REGRESSION; FOURIER AB In 2004, soils were collected at 220 sites along two transects across the USA and Canada as a pilot study for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America (North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project). The objective of the current study was to examine the potential of diffuse reflectance (DR) Fourier Transform (FT) mid-infrared (mid-IR) and near-infrared (NIRS) spectroscopy to reduce the need for conventional analysis for the determination of major and trace elements in such continental-scale surveys. Soil samples (n = 720) were collected from two transects (east-west across the USA, and north-south from Manitoba. Canada to El Paso, Texas (USA), n = 453 and 267, respectively). The samples came from 19 USA states and the province of Manitoba in Canada. They represented 31 types of land use (e.g., national forest, rangeland, etc.), and 123 different land covers (e.g., soybeans, oak forest, etc.). The samples represented a combination of depth-based sampling (0-5 cm) and horizon-based sampling (0, A and C horizons) with 123 different depths identified. The set was very diverse with few samples similar in land use, land cover, etc. All samples were analyzed by conventional means for the near-total concentration of 49 analytes (C(total), C(carbonate) and C(organic), and 46 major and trace elements). Spectra were obtained using dried, ground samples using a Digilab FTS-7000 FT spectrometer in the mid- (4000-400 cm(-1)) and near-infrared (10,000-4000 cm(-1)) at 4 cm(-1) resolution (64 co-added scans per spectrum) using a Pike AutoDIFF DR autosampler. Partial least squares calibrations were develop using: (1) all samples as a calibration set; (2) samples evenly divided into calibration and validation sets based on spectral diversity; and (3) samples divided to have matching analyte concentrations in calibration and validation sets. In general, results supported the conclusion that neither mid-IR nor NIRS would be particularly useful in reducing the need for conventional analysis of soils from this continental-scale geochemical survey. The extreme sample diversity, likely caused by the widely varied parent material, land use at the site of collection (e.g., grazing, recreation, agriculture, etc.), and climate resulted in poor calibrations even for C(total), C(organic) and C(carbonate). The results indicated potential for mid-IR and NIRS to differentiate soils containing high concentrations (>100 mg/kg) of some metals (e.g., Co, Cr, Ni) from low-level samples (<50 mg/kg). However, because of the small number of high-level samples, it is possible that differentiation was based on factors other than metal concentration. Results for Mg and Sr were good, but results for other metals examined were fair to poor, at best. In essence, it appears that the great variation in chemical and physical properties seen in soils from this continental-scale survey resulted in each sample being virtually unique. Thus, suitable spectroscopic calibrations were generally not possible. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reeves, James B., III] USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1472 EP 1481 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300012 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, MB Morrison, JM Holloway, JM Wanty, RB Helsel, DR Smith, DB AF Goldhaber, Martin B. Morrison, Jean M. Holloway, JoAnn M. Wanty, Richard B. Helsel, Dennis R. Smith, David B. TI A regional soil and sediment geochemical study in northern California SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GREAT VALLEY GROUP; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FORE-ARC BASIN; SACRAMENTO VALLEY; MINE DRAINAGE; CHRONOSEQUENCE; ALLUVIUM; MERCURY; ROCKS; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Regional-scale variations in soil geochemistry were investigated in a 20,000-km(2) study area in northern California that includes the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, the southern Sacramento Valley and the northern Coast Ranges. Over 1300 archival soil samples collected from the late 1970s to 1980 in El Dorado, Placer, Sutter, Sacramento, Yolo and Solano counties were analyzed for 42 elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry following a near-total dissolution. These data were supplemented by analysis of more than 500 stream-sediment samples from higher elevations in the Sierra Nevada from the same study site. The relatively high-density data (1 sample per 15 km(2) for much of the study area) allows the delineation of regional geochemical patterns and the identification of processes that produced these patterns. The geochemical results segregate broadly into distinct element groupings whose distribution reflects the interplay of geologic, hydrologic, geomorphic and anthropogenic factors. One such group includes elements associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks including Cr, Ni, V, Co, Cu and Mg. Using Cr as an example, elevated concentrations occur in soils overlying ultrarnafic rocks in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada (median Cr = 160 mg/kg) as well as in the northern Coast Ranges. Low concentrations of these elements occur in soils located further upslope in the Sierra Nevada overlying Tertiary volcanic, metasedimentary and plutonic rocks (granodiorite and diorite). Eastern Sacramento Valley soil samples, defined as those located east of the Sacramento River, are lower in Cr (median Cr = 84 mg/kg), and are systematically lower in this suite compared to soils from the west side of the Sacramento Valley (median Cr = 130 mg/kg). A second group of elements showing a coherent pattern, including Ca, K, Sr and REE, is derived from relatively silicic rocks types. This group occurs at elevated concentrations in soils overlying volcanic and plutonic rocks at higher elevations in the Sierras (e.g. median La = 28 mg/kg) and the east side of the Sacramento Valley (median 20 mg/kg) compared to soils overlying ultrarnafic rocks in the Sierra Nevada foothills (median 15 mg/kg) and the western Sacramento Valley (median 14 mg/kg). The segregation of soil geochemistry into distinctive groupings across the Sacramento River arises from the former presence of a natural levee (now replaced by an artificial one) along the banks of the river. This levee has been a barrier to sediment transport. Sediment transport to the Valley by glacial outwash from higher elevations in the Sierra Nevada and, more recently, debris from placer Au mining has dominated sediment transport to the eastern Valley. High content of mafic elements (and low content of silicic elements) in surface soil in the west side of the valley is due to a combination of lack of silicic source rocks, transport of ultrarnafic rock material from the Coast Ranges, and input of sediment from the late Mesozoic Great Valley Group, which is itself enriched in mafic elements. A third group of elements (Zn, Cd, As and Cu) reflect the impact of mining activity. Soil with elevated content of these elements occurs along the Sacramento River in both levee and adjacent flood basin settings. It is interpreted that transport of sediment down the Sacramento River from massive sulfide mines in the Klamath Mountains to the north has caused this pattern. The Pb, and to some extent Zn, distribution patterns are strongy impacted by anthropogenic inputs. Elevated Pb content is localized in major cites and along major highways due to inputs from leaded gasoline. Zinc has a similar distribution pattern but the source is tire wear. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Goldhaber, Martin B.; Morrison, Jean M.; Holloway, JoAnn M.; Wanty, Richard B.; Helsel, Dennis R.; Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Goldhaber, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012 OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668 NR 66 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1482 EP 1499 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.018 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300013 ER PT J AU Morrison, JM Goldhaber, MB Lee, L Holloway, JM Wanty, RB Wolf, RE Ranville, JF AF Morrison, Jean M. Goldhaber, Martin B. Lee, Lopaka Holloway, JoAnn M. Wanty, Richard B. Wolf, Ruth E. Ranville, James F. TI A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; SERPENTINE SOILS; OXIDATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; GROUNDWATER; MANGANESE; BEHAVIOR; GENESIS; VALLEY AB A soil geochemical survey was conducted in a 27,000-km(2) study area of northern California that includes the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the Sacramento Valley, and the northern Coast Range. The results show that soil geochemistry in the Sacramento Valley is controlled primarily by the transport and weathering of parent material from the Coast Range to the west and the Sierra Nevada to the east. Chemically and mineralogically distinctive ultramafic (UM) rocks (e.g. serpentinite) outcrop extensively in the Coast Range and Sierra Nevada. These rocks and the soils derived from them have elevated concentrations of Cr and Ni. Surface soil samples derived from UM rocks of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range contain 1700-10,000 mg/kg Cr and 1300-3900 mg/kg Ni. Valley soils west of the Sacramento River contain 80-1420 mg/kg Cr and 65-224 mg/kg Ni, reflecting significant contributions from UM sources in the Coast Range. Valley soils on the east side contain 30-370 mg/kg Cr and 16-110 mg/kg Ni. Lower Cr and Ni concentrations on the east side of the valley are the result of greater dilution by granitic sources of the Sierra Nevada. Chromium occurs naturally in the Cr(Ill) and Cr(VI) oxidation states. Trivalent Cr is a non-toxic micronutrient, but Cr(VI) is a highly soluble toxin and carcinogen. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of soils with an UM parent show Cr primarily occurs within chromite and other mixed-composition spinels (Al, Mg, Fe, Cr). Chromite contains Cr(III) and is highly refractory with respect to weathering. Comparison of a 4-acid digestion (HNO(3), HCl, HF, HClO(4)), which only partially dissolves chromite, and total digestion by lithium metaborate (LiBO(3)) fusion, indicates a lower proportion of chromite-bound Cr in valley soils relative to UM source soils. Groundwater on the west side of the Sacramento Valley has particularly high concentrations of dissolved Cr ranging up to 50 mu g L(-1) and averaging 16.4 mu g L(-1). This suggests redistribution of Cr during weathering and oxidation of Cr(III)-bearing minerals. It is concluded that regional-scale transport and weathering of ultramafic-derived constituents have resulted in enrichment of Cr and Ni in the Sacramento Valley and a partial change in the residence of Cr. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Holloway, JoAnn M.; Wanty, Richard B.; Wolf, Ruth E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ranville, James F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Morrison, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jmorrison@usgs.gov RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012; OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668; ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885 FU US Geological Survey's Geochemical Landscapes Project FX This study is part of the US Geological Survey's Geochemical Landscapes Project (Project Chiefs David B. Smith and Martin B. Goldhaber). The authors would like to acknowledge George Breit, Monique Adams and Heather Lowers for their contributions to this research. Randy Southard and Toby O'Geen provided assistance in obtaining soil archives from University of California, Davis. We also thank David Smith and Robert Zielinski for thoughtful reviews that improved this manuscript. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1500 EP 1511 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300014 ER PT J AU Wanty, RB Goldhaber, MB Morrison, JM Lee, L AF Wanty, Richard B. Goldhaber, Martin B. Morrison, Jean M. Lee, Lopaka TI Regional variations in water quality and relationships to soil and bedrock weathering in the southern Sacramento Valley, California, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; GRANITIC ALLUVIUM; CHRONOSEQUENCE; AQUIFER; RATES; AREA AB Regional patterns in ground- and surface-water chemistry of the southern Sacramento Valley in California were evaluated using publicly available geochemical data from the US Geological Survey's National Water Information System (NWIS). Within the boundaries of the study area, more than 2300 groundwater analyses and more than 20,000 surface-water analyses were available. Ground-waters from the west side of the Sacramento Valley contain greater concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, B, Cl and SO(4), while the east-side ground-waters contain greater concentrations of silica and K. These differences result from variations in surface-water chemistry as well as from chemical reactions between water and aquifer materials. Sediments that fill the Sacramento Valley were derived from highlands to the west (the Coast Ranges) and east (the Sierra Nevada Mountains), the former having an oceanic provenance and the latter continental. These geologic differences are at least in part responsible for the observed patterns in ground-water chemistry. Thermal springs that are common along the west side of the Sacramento Valley appear to have an effect on surface-water chemistry, which in turn may affect the ground-water chemistry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wanty, Richard B.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Morrison, Jean M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wanty, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rwanty@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX The Mineral Resources Program of the US Geological Survey provided funding for this study. The authors would especially like to thank reviewers P.L. Verplanck and W.M. Edmunds for their insightful comments. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1512 EP 1523 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.019 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300015 ER PT J AU McCafferty, AE Van Gosen, BS AF McCafferty, A. E. Van Gosen, B. S. TI Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in relation to soil geochemistry, northern California SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; CHROMIUM AB Serpentinized ultramafic rocks and associated soils in northern California are characterized by high concentrations of Cr and Ni, low levels of radioelements (K, Th, and U) and high amounts of ferrimagnetic minerals (primarily magnetite). Geophysical attributes over ultramafic rocks, which include airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly data, are quantified and provide indirect measurements on the relative abundance of radioelements and magnetic minerals, respectively. Attributes are defined through a statistical modeling approach and the results are portrayed as probabilities in chart and map form. Two predictive models are presented, including one derived from the aeromagnetic anomaly data and one from a combination of the airborne K, Th and U gamma-ray data. Both models distinguish preferential values within the aerogeophysical data that coincide with mapped and potentially unmapped ultramafic rocks. The magnetic predictive model shows positive probabilities associated with magnetic anomaly highs and, to a lesser degree. anomaly lows, which accurately locate many known ultramafic outcrops, but more interestingly, locate potentially unmapped ultramafic rocks, possible extensions of ultramafic bodies that dip into the shallow subsurface, as well as prospective buried ultramafic rocks. The airborne radiometric model shows positive probabilities in association with anomalously low gamma radiation measurements over ultramafic rock, which is similar to that produced by gabbro, metavolcanic rock, and water bodies. All of these features share the characteristic of being depleted in K, Th and U. Gabbro is the only rock type in the study area that shares similar magnetic properties with the ultramafic rock. The aerogeophysical model results are compared to the distribution of ultramafic outcrops and to Cr, Ni, K. Th and U concentrations and magnetic susceptibility measurements from soil samples. Analysis of the soil data indicates high positive correlation between magnetic susceptibilities and concentration of Cr and Ni. Although the study focused on characterizing the geophysical properties of ultramafic rocks and associated soils, it has also yielded information on other rock types in addition to ultramafic rocks, which can also locally host naturally-occurring asbestos; specifically, gabbro and metavolcanic rocks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McCafferty, A. E.; Van Gosen, B. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McCafferty, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM anne@usgs.gov OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1524 EP 1537 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.007 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300016 ER PT J AU Holloway, JM Goldhaber, MB Morrison, JM AF Holloway, JoAnn M. Goldhaber, Martin B. Morrison, Jean M. TI Geomorphic controls on mercury accumulation in soils from a historically mined watershed, Central California Coast Range, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALMADEN MINING DISTRICT; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SEDIMENTS; NORTHERN; SPECIATION; EMISSIONS; WASTES; SPAIN; AREA AB Historic Hg mining in the Cache Creek watershed in the Central California Coast Range has contributed to the downstream transport of Hg to the San Francisco Bay-Delta. Different aspects of Hg mobilization in soils, including pedogenesis, fluvial redistribution of sediment, volatilization and eolian transport were considered. The greatest soil concentrations (>30 mg Hg kg(-1)) in Cache Creek are associated with mineralized serpentinite, the host rock for Hg deposits. Upland soils with non-mineralized serpentine and sedimentary parent material also had elevated concentrations (0.9-3.7 mg Hg kg(-1)) relative to the average concentration in the region and throughout the conterminous United States (0.06 mg kg(-1)). Erosion of soil and destabilized rock and mobilization of tailings and calcines into surrounding streams have contributed to Hg-rich alluvial soil forming in wetlands and floodplains. The concentration of Hg in floodplain sediment shows sediment dispersion from low-order catchments (5.6-9.6 mg Hg kg(-1) in Sulphur Creek; 0.5-61 mg Hg kg(-1) in Davis Creek) to Cache Creek (0.1-0.4 mg Hg kg(-1)). These sediments, deposited onto the floodplain during high-flow storm events, yield elevated Hg concentrations (0.2-55 mg Hg kg(-1)) in alluvial soils in upland watersheds. Alluvial soils within the Cache Creek watershed accumulate Hg from upstream mining areas, with concentrations between 0.06 and 0.22 mg Hg kg(-1) measured in soils similar to 90 km downstream from Hg mining areas. Alluvial soils have accumulated Hg released through historic mining activities, remobilizing this Hg to streams as the soils erode. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Holloway, JoAnn M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Morrison, Jean M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jholloway@usgs.gov RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012 OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668 FU US Geological Survey FX This work was funded in part through the US Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Toby O'Geen (University of California - Davis) and Susan Southard (Natural Resources Conservation Service) contributed their time and expertise in pedology, with additional field assistance provided by Isabel Montanez and Kate Scow (both University of California - Davis) and David B. Smith (US Geological Survey). Permission to access the Davis Creek area was granted by the University of California Donald and Sylvia McLaughlin Natural Reserve and the Barrick Mining Corporation's McLaughlin Mine remediation staff. Access to the Sulphur Creek area was through the kind permission of the owner and staff of Wilbur Hot Springs. We thank John Gray (US Geological Survey) and Susan Southard for their input on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1538 EP 1548 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.020 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300017 ER PT J AU Tuttle, MLW Breit, GN AF Tuttle, Michele L. W. Breit, George N. TI Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky, USA: I. Weathering zones defined by mineralogy and major-element composition SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK-SHALE; METAL ENRICHMENT; ROCK; GEOCHEMISTRY; PEDOGENESIS; DISSOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; VERTISOL; DRAINAGE AB Comprehensive understanding of chemical and mineralogical changes induced by weathering is valuable information when considering the supply of nutrients and toxic elements from rocks. Here minerals that release and fix major elements during progressive weathering of a bed of Devonian New Albany Shale in eastern Kentucky are documented. Samples were collected from unweathered core (parent shale) and across an outcrop excavated into a hillside 40 year prior to sampling. Quantitative X-ray diffraction mineralogical data record progressive shale alteration across the outcrop. Mineral compositional changes reflect subtle alteration processes such as incongruent dissolution and cation exchange. Altered primary minerals include K-feldspars, plagioclase, calcite, pyrite, and chlorite. Secondary minerals include jarosite, gypsum, goethite, amorphous Fe(III) oxides and Fe(II)-Al sulfate salt (efflorescence). The mineralogy in weathered shale defines four weathered intervals on the outcrop-Zones A-C and soil. Alteration of the weakly weathered shale (Zone A) is attributed to the 40-a exposure of the shale. In this zone, pyrite oxidization produces acid that dissolves calcite and attacks chlorite, forming gypsum, jarosite, and minor efflorescent salt. The pre-excavation, active weathering front (Zone B) is where complete pyrite oxidation and alteration of feldspar and organic matter result in increased permeability. Acidic weathering solutions seep through the permeable shale and evaporate on the surface forming abundant efflorescent salt, jarosite and minor goethite. intensely weathered shale (Zone C) is depleted in feldspars, chlorite, gypsum, jarosite and efflorescent salts, but has retained much of its primary quartz, illite and illite-smectite. Goethite and amorphous FE(111) oxides increase due to hydrolysis of jarosite. Enhanced permeability in this zone is due to a 14% loss of the original mass in parent shale. Denudation rates suggest that characteristics of Zone C were acquired over I Ma. Compositional differences between soil and Zone C are largely attributed to illuvial processes, formation of additional Fe(Ill) oxides and incorporation of modern organic matter. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tuttle, Michele L. W.; Breit, George N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80215 USA. RP Tuttle, MLW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964D,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80215 USA. EM mtuttle@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1549 EP 1564 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.021 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300018 ER PT J AU Tuttle, MLW Breit, GN Goldhaber, MB AF Tuttle, Michele L. W. Breit, George N. Goldhaber, Martin B. TI Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky: II. Redistribution of minor and trace elements SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK-SHALE; ATMOSPHERIC O-2; USA; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; INDIANA; SULFUR; ENVIRONMENTS; DIAGENESIS AB During weathering, elements enriched in black shale are dispersed in the environment by aqueous and mechanical transport. Here a unique evaluation of the differential release, transport, and fate of Fe and 15 trace elements during progressive weathering of the Devonian New Albany Shale in Kentucky is presented. Results of chemical analyses along a weathering profile (unweathered through progressively weathered shale to soil) describe the chemically distinct pathways of the trace elements and the rate that elements are transferred into the broader, local environment. Trace elements enriched in the unweathered shale are in massive or framboidal pyrite, minor sphalerite, CuS and NiS phases, organic matter and clay minerals. These phases are subject to varying degrees and rates of alteration along the profile. Cadmium, Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn are removed from weathered shale during sulfide-mineral oxidation and transported primarily in aqueous solution. The aqueous fluxes for these trace elements range from 0.1 g/ha/a (Cd) to 44 g/ha/a (Mn). When hydrologic and climatic conditions are favorable, solutions seep to surface exposures, evaporate, and form Fe-sulfate efflorescent salts rich in these elements. Elements that remain dissolved in the low pH (<4) streams and groundwater draining New Albany Shale watersheds become fixed by reactions that increase pH. Neutralization of the weathering solution in local streams results in elements being adsorbed and precipitated onto sediment surfaces, resulting in trace element anomalies. Other elements are strongly adsorbed or structurally bound to solid phases during weathering. Copper and U initially are concentrated in weathering solutions, but become fixed to modern plant litter in soil formed on New Albany Shale. Molybdenum, Ph, Sb, and Se are released from sulfide minerals and organic matter by oxidation and accumulate in Fe-oxyhydroxide clay coatings that concentrate in surface soil during illuviation. Chromium, Ti, and V are strongly correlated with clay abundance and considered to be in the structure of illitic clay. Illite undergoes minimal alteration during weathering and is concentrated during illuvial processes. Arsenic concentration increases across the weathering profile and is associated with the succession of secondary Fe(Ill) minerals that form with progressive weathering. Detrital fluxes of particle-bound trace elements range from 0.1 g/ha/a (Sb) to 8 g/ha/a (Mo). Although many of the elements are concentrated in the stream sediments, changes in pH and redox conditions along the sediment transport path could facilitate their release for aqueous transport. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tuttle, Michele L. W.; Breit, George N.; Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80215 USA. RP Tuttle, MLW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964D,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80215 USA. EM mtuttle@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1565 EP 1578 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.034 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300019 ER PT J AU Cannon, WF Horton, JD AF Cannon, W. F. Horton, John D. TI Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization - Chicago, Illinois, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID URBAN AIR; LEAD; MICHIGAN; CADMIUM; ZINC; DEPOSITION; MERCURY; METALS; COPPER; NICKEL AB The concentrations of 45 elements in ambient (not obviously disturbed) surface soils were determined for 57 sites distributed throughout the city of Chicago, Illinois in the upper Midwestern United States. These concentrations were compared to soils from 105 sites from a largely agricultural region within a 500-km radius surrounding the city and to soils collected from 90 sites across the state of Illinois. Although the bulk composition of the Chicago urban soils reflects largely natural sources, the soils are significantly enriched in many trace elements, apparently from anthropogenic sources. The median concentration of Pb in Chicago soils is 198 mg/kg, a 13-fold enrichment compared to regional concentrations. Zinc (median 235 mg/kg), Cu (59 mg/kg), and Ni (31 mg/kg) are also enriched from 2- to 4-fold in Chicago soils and all four elements show strong mutual correlations. These elevated concentrations are most likely related to vehicular and roadway sources and represent uneven distribution across the city as airborne material. Other airborne particulate material from a combination of fossil fuel combustion, waste incineration, and steel production may contribute to apparent elevated concentrations in Chicago soil of Fe (median 2.9%), Mo (5 mg/kg), V (82 mg/kg) and S (0.09%). Chicago soils are enriched from about 1.6- to 3-fold in these elements. Enrichments in P and Se may be caused by direct addition of phosphate fertilizer to parklands, lawns and gardens. The density of the sampling (1 site per 10 km(2)) is inadequate to define the distribution of the observed enrichments within the city or to predict soil compositions for most of the areas between sample sites, but does provide a statistically significant signature of the history of urban and industrial activity within the city in contrast to the surrounding agricultural lands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cannon, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Horton, John D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cannon, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wcannon@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1590 EP 1601 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.023 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300021 ER PT J AU Grunsky, EC Drew, LJ Sutphin, DM AF Grunsky, Eric C. Drew, Lawrence J. Sutphin, David M. TI Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARENT MATERIAL AB Stream-sediment and soil geochemical data from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina (USA) were studied to determine relationships between soils and stream sediments. From multi-element associations, characteristic compositions were determined for both media. Primary associations of elements reflect mineralogy, including heavy minerals, carbonates and clays, and the effects of groundwater. The effects of groundwater on element concentrations are more evident in soils than stream sediments. A "winnowing index" was created using ratios of Th to Al that revealed differing erosional and depositional environments. Both soils and stream sediments from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains show derivation from similar materials and subsequent similar multi-element relationships, but have some distinct differences. In the Lower Coastal Plain, soils have high values of elements concentrated in heavy minerals (Ce, Y, Th) that grade into high values of elements concentrated into finer-grain-size, lower-density materials, primarily comprised of carbonates and feldspar minerals (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al). These gradational trends in mineralogy and geochemistry are inferred to reflect reworking of materials during marine transgressions and regressions. Upper Coastal Plain stream-sediment geochemistry shows a higher winnowing index relative to soil geochemistry. A comparison of the 4 media (Upper Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments and Lower Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments) shows that Upper Coastal Plain stream sediments have a higher winnowing index and a higher concentration of elements contained within heavy minerals, whereas Lower Coastal Plain stream sediments show a strong correlation between elements typically contained within clays. It is not possible to calculate a functional relationship between stream sediment-soil compositions for all elements due to the complex history of weathering, deposition, reworking and re-deposition. However, depending on the spatial separation of the stream-sediment and soil samples, some elements are more highly correlated than others. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grunsky, Eric C.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Drew, Lawrence J.; Sutphin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Grunsky, EC (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. EM egrunsky@NRCan.gc.ca NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1602 EP 1616 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300022 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Kunz, JL Brumbaugh, WG MacDonald, DD Smorong, D AF Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kemble, Nile E. Kunz, James L. Brumbaugh, William G. MacDonald, Donald D. Smorong, Dawn TI Toxicity of Sediment Cores Collected from the Ashtabula River in Northeastern Ohio, USA, to the Amphipod Hyalella azteca SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; QUALITY GUIDELINES; WATER; TESTS; MONTANA AB This study was conducted to support a Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration project associated with the Ashtabula River in Ohio. The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemistry and toxicity of 50 sediment samples obtained from five cores collected from the Ashtabula River (10 samples/core, with each 10-cm-diameter core collected to a total depth of about 150 cm). Effects of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) measured in the sediment samples were evaluated by measuring whole-sediment chemistry and whole-sediment toxicity in the sediment samples (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], organochlorine pesticides, and metals). Effects on the amphipod Hyalella azteca at the end of a 28-day sediment toxicity test were determined by comparing survival or length of amphipods in individual sediment samples in the cores to the range of responses of amphipods exposed to selected reference sediments that were also collected from the cores. Mean survival or length of amphipods was below the lower limit of the reference envelope in 56% of the sediment samples. Concentrations of total PCBs alone in some samples or concentrations of total PAHs alone in other samples were likely high enough to have caused the reduced survival or length of amphipods (i.e., concentrations of PAHs or PCBs exceeded mechanistically based and empirically based sediment quality guidelines). While elevated concentrations of ammonia in pore water may have contributed to the reduced length of amphipods, it is unlikely that the reduced length was caused solely by elevated ammonia (i.e., concentrations of ammonia were not significantly correlated with the concentrations of PCBs or PAHs and concentrations of ammonia were elevated both in the reference sediments and in the test sediments). Results of this study show that PAHs, PCBs, and ammonia are the primary COPCs that are likely causing or substantially contributing to the toxicity to sediment-dwelling organisms. C1 [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.; Kunz, James L.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program FX We thank Dave DeVault and Jeromy Applegate of the USFWS for identifying the sampling locations and for collecting the sediment samples. The assistance of Phil Williams, Brent Kuenzli, and Regan (Sig) Williams of the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency during sample collection and processing is also appreciated. We also thank Eric Brunson, Doug Hardesty, Eugene Greer, Chris Ivey, Ning Wang, Dave Whites, and Kathy Echols of the CERC for technical assistance provided during the study. Jay Field and Jeromy Applegate provided helpful review comments on the manuscript. This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program. The manuscript was reviewed in accordance with U. S. Geological Survey policy. References to trade names or manufacturers do not imply government endorsements of commercial products. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9332-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 462EL UT WOS:000267329800013 PM 19468666 ER PT J AU Fredricks, TB Fedynich, AM Benn, S Ford, L AF Fredricks, Timothy B. Fedynich, Alan M. Benn, Steve Ford, Larisa TI Environmental Contaminants in White-Winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica asiatica) from the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; METAL CONTAMINATION; METHYL PARATHION; HEAVY-METALS; LEAD; EXPOSURE; SELENIUM; DUCKS; BIRDS; ORGANOCHLORINE AB Our study determined if white-winged doves (WWDs; Zenaida asiatica asiatica) breeding in locations where environmentally persistent contaminants occur in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas have levels of contaminants that can hinder reproduction. During summer 2003, 70 (32 males, 38 females) adult WWDs were collected from 8 at-risk sites. Liver tissues were analyzed for ten major and trace elements and muscle tissues were analyzed for 20 organochlorine compounds, 21 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, and toxaphene. Samples were compared to ten (five male, five female) captive-raised control WWDs. Arsenic, chromium, and lead were not detected or were below the detection limit, whereas copper, zinc, selenium, mercury, nickel, cadmium, and silver were detected in 70 (100%), 70 (100%), 52 (74%), 21 (30%), 4 (6%), 1 (1%), and 1 (1%) WWDs, respectively. None of the detected elements had significant sampling site, bird gender, or Site x Gender interactions, and each occurred at background levels. Toxaphene and polychlorinated biphenyls were not detected, whereas DDE, dieldrin, gamma-BHC, and chlordane were detected in 13 (19%), 5 (7%), 2 (3%), and 1 (1%) field-collected WWDs, respectively, but all concentrations occurred at background levels. Concentrations of elements and compounds in field-collected WWDs did not significantly differ from those of the controls. Correlations between leukocyte counts and detectable contaminants generally indicated no correlation between each percentage of leukocyte type present and levels of selenium, copper, zinc, mercury, or DDE detected. One sample that had 0.072 mu g/g dieldrin exhibited a low lymphocyte percentage (66%) out of only five samples. Comparisons could not be made with gamma-BHC, chlordane, or the other elements that had a low number of samples with detectable levels. Overall, concentrations of elements and organochlorines found in WWDs were below levels known to impair reproduction and survival in birds. C1 [Fredricks, Timothy B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fredricks, Timothy B.; Fedynich, Alan M.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Benn, Steve] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Ford, Larisa] Texas A&M Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Fredricks, TB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 203 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM fredri29@msu.edu FU Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute [08-125] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department with proceeds from the white-winged dove hunting stamp. The authors thank Jaclyn Canas, Ed Scollon, George Cobb, and Gopal Coimbatore for assistance with analytical method development and elements analyses. This is manuscript No. 08-125 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9274-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 462EL UT WOS:000267329800020 PM 19112559 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Kolden, CA Jandt, R Abatzoglou, JT Urban, F Arp, CD AF Jones, Benjamin M. Kolden, Crystal A. Jandt, Randi Abatzoglou, John T. Urban, Frank Arp, Christopher D. TI Fire Behavior, Weather, and Burn Severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River Tundra Fire, North Slope, Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEWARD PENINSULA; VEGETATION; FOREST AB In 2007, the Anaktuvuk River Fire (ARF) became the largest recorded tundra fire Oil the North Slope of Alaska. The ARF burned for nearly three months. consuming more than 100,000 ha. At its peak in early September, the ARF burned at a rate of 7000 ha d(-1). The conditions potentially responsible for this large tundra fire include modeled record high summer temperature and record low summer precipitation, I late-season high-pressure system located over the Beaufort Sea, extremely dry soil conditions throughout the summer, and Sustained Southerly winds during the period of vegetation senescence. Burn severity mapping revealed that more than 80% of the ARF burned at moderate to extreme severity, while the nearby Kuparuk River Fire remained small and burned at predominantly (80%) low severity. While this study provides information that may aid in the prediction of Future large tundra Fires in northern Alaska, the fact that three other tundra fires that occurred in 2007 combined to burn less than 1000 ha Suggests site specific complexities associated with tundra fires on the North Slope, which may hamper the development Of tundra fire forecasting models. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.; Kolden, Crystal A.; Arp, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Jandt, Randi] Bur Land Management, Alaska Fire Serv, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. [Abatzoglou, John T.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Urban, Frank] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Earth Surface Proc Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov RI Abatzoglou, John/C-7635-2012; Jandt, Randi/E-9018-2013; OI Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 FU U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Bureau of Land Management FX We kindly thank James Snyder, Jon Keeley, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The NOAA merged land air and sea surface temperature data set was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, and the Bureau of Land Management. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 27 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-41.3.309 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 484BU UT WOS:000269019100003 ER PT J AU Klimstra, JD Stebbins, KR Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Kondrad, SR AF Klimstra, Jon D. Stebbins, Katherine R. Heinz, Gary H. Hoffman, David J. Kondrad, Shannon R. TI Factors related to the artificial incubation of wild bird eggs SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE artificial incubation; avian egg; hatching success; moisture loss ID WATER-VAPOR CONDUCTANCE; HATCHING SUCCESS; AVIAN EGG; TEMPERATURE; RESTORATION; EMBRYOS AB Attempts to artificially incubate the eggs of wild birds have failed in many respects in duplicating the success of natural incubation. As part of a larger study we had the opportunity to artificially incubate the eggs of 22 species of birds (three domestic and 19 wild species). We report the successes and failures associated with artificial incubation of these eggs. Moisture loss varied widely, not only for Orders of birds but for similar species within an Order. Overall hatching success and success through to 90% of incubation varied for different Orders and for similar species. Humidity and temperature are critical elements in the artificial incubation of wild bird eggs and must be closely monitored throughout incubation to ensure the best possible chance of hatching. Even when these elements are addressed, artificial incubation still can not duplicate the success of incubation by the parent. C1 [Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kondrad, Shannon R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klimstra, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jon_klimstra@fws.gov FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center [ERP-O2D-C12] FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant number ERP-O2D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 14 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.3184/175815509X12473903090713 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 492VW UT WOS:000269691400002 ER PT J AU Allen, TI Wald, DJ Earle, PS Marano, KD Hotovec, AJ Lin, K Hearne, MG AF Allen, Trevor I. Wald, David J. Earle, Paul S. Marano, Kristin D. Hotovec, Alicia J. Lin, Kuowan Hearne, Michael G. TI An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling SO BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ShakeMap Atlas; PAGER; Loss modeling; Hazard; Risk; Time-of-day ID SEISMIC HAZARD MAP; GSHAP; GROWTH; ASIA AB We present an Atlas of ShakeMaps and a catalog of human population exposures to moderate-to-strong ground shaking (EXPO-CAT) for recent historical earthquakes (1973-2007). The common purpose of the Atlas and exposure catalog is to calibrate earthquake loss models to be used in the US Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER). The full ShakeMap Atlas currently comprises over 5,600 earthquakes from January 1973 through December 2007, with almost 500 of these maps constrained-to varying degrees-by instrumental ground motions, macroseismic intensity data, community internet intensity observations, and published earthquake rupture models. The catalog of human exposures is derived using current PAGER methodologies. Exposure to discrete levels of shaking intensity is obtained by correlating Atlas ShakeMaps with a global population database. Combining this population exposure dataset with historical earthquake loss data, such as PAGER-CAT, provides a useful resource for calibrating loss methodologies against a systematically-derived set of ShakeMap hazard outputs. We illustrate two example uses for EXPO-CAT; (1) simple objective ranking of country vulnerability to earthquakes, and; (2) the influence of time-of-day on earthquake mortality. In general, we observe that countries in similar geographic regions with similar construction practices tend to cluster spatially in terms of relative vulnerability. We also find little quantitative evidence to suggest that time-of-day is a significant factor in earthquake mortality. Moreover, earthquake mortality appears to be more systematically linked to the population exposed to severe ground shaking (Modified Mercalli Intensity VIII+). Finally, equipped with the full Atlas of ShakeMaps, we merge each of these maps and find the maximum estimated peak ground acceleration at any grid point in the world for the past 35 years. We subsequently compare this "composite ShakeMap" with existing global hazard models, calculating the spatial area of the existing hazard maps exceeded by the combined ShakeMap ground motions. In general, these analyses suggest that existing global, and regional, hazard maps tend to overestimate hazard. Both the Atlas of ShakeMaps and EXPO-CAT have many potential uses for examining earthquake risk and epidemiology. All of the datasets discussed herein are available for download on the PAGER Web page (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/pager/prodandref/) C1 [Allen, Trevor I.] Geosci Australia, Risk & Impact Anal Grp, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Allen, Trevor I.; Wald, David J.; Earle, Paul S.; Marano, Kristin D.; Hotovec, Alicia J.; Lin, Kuowan; Hearne, Michael G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Allen, TI (reprint author), Geosci Australia, Risk & Impact Anal Grp, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM trevor.allen@ga.gov.au OI Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia/0000-0003-1917-0205; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU USAID FX Keith Porter and Kishor Jaiswal are thanked for many discussions that helped outline the development of EXPO-CAT. Vince Quitoriano and Bruce Worden are also thanked for providing ShakeMap development support throughout this work. Reviews of earlier related material and the present paper by Mary Lou Zoback, Jim Dewey, Charles Mueller, Andrew McPherson and Hyeuk Ryu helped improve this manuscript. Comments from two anonymous reviewers also led to valuable improvements to the manuscript. Finite-fault, ground-motion, and intensity constraints used in the ShakeMap Atlas are the aggregated sum of numerous post-earthquake reconnaissance reports, published earthquake studies, and strong-motion monitoring network efforts, all of which help build a comprehensive view of individual events. Citations to these sources are found in Allen et al. (2008). Funding for this research was provided in part by a grant from USAID. Figures 5, 6, and 7 were produced using Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith 1991). NR 45 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-761X J9 B EARTHQ ENG JI Bull. Earthq. Eng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 7 IS 3 BP 701 EP 718 DI 10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y PG 18 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 461TD UT WOS:000267293500007 ER PT J AU Field, EH Dawson, TE Felzer, KR Frankel, AD Gupta, V Jordan, TH Parsons, T Petersen, MD Stein, RS Weldon, RJ Wills, CJ AF Field, E. H. Dawson, T. E. Felzer, K. R. Frankel, A. D. Gupta, V. Jordan, T. H. Parsons, T. Petersen, M. D. Stein, R. S. Weldon, R. J., II Wills, C. J. TI Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 (UCERF 2) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SEISMIC-HAZARD; UNITED-STATES; JACINTO FAULT; SLIP RATES; MODEL; MAGNITUDE AB The 2007 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP, 2007) presents the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 (UCERF 2). This model comprises a time-independent (Poisson-process) earthquake rate model, developed jointly with the National Seismic Hazard Mapping Program and a time-dependent earthquake-probability model, based on recent earthquake rates and stress-renewal statistics conditioned on the date of last event. The models were developed from updated statewide earthquake catalogs and fault deformation databases using a uniform methodology across all regions and implemented in the modular, extensible Open Seismic Hazard Analysis framework. The rate model satisfies integrating measures of deformation across the plate-boundary zone and is consistent with historical seismicity data. An overprediction of earthquake rates found at intermediate magnitudes (6: 5 <= M <= 7: 0) in previous models has been reduced to within the 95% confidence bounds of the historical earthquake catalog. A logic tree with 480 branches represents the epistemic uncertainties of the full time-dependent model. The mean UCERF 2 time-dependent probability of one or more M >= 6: 7 earthquakes in the California region during the next 30 yr is 99.7%; this probability decreases to 46% for M >= 7: 5 and to 4.5% for M >= 8: 0. These probabilities do not include the Cascadia subduction zone, largely north of California, for which the estimated 30 yr, M >= 8: 0 time-dependent probability is 10%. The M >= 6: 7 probabilities on major strike-slip faults are consistent with the WGCEP (2003) study in the San Francisco Bay Area and the WGCEP (1995) study in southern California, except for significantly lower estimates along the San Jacinto and Elsinore faults, owing to provisions for larger multi-segment ruptures. Important model limitations are discussed. C1 [Field, E. H.; Felzer, K. R.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Frankel, A. D.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Gupta, V.; Jordan, T. H.; Parsons, T.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Stein, R. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Weldon, R. J., II] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM field@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 FU California Earthquake Authority; USGS; California Geological Survey; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement [EAR0529922]; USGS [07HQAG0008]; CGS Special Report [203]; SCEC [1138] FX We dedicate this publication to the memory of C. Allin Cornell, who guided this study as a member of our scientific review panel and was a sage to many of us. We will miss his uniquely warm, frank, and trustworthy advice.; The authors are grateful to the members of the Scientific Review Panel: W. Ellsworth (chair), M. Blanpied, L. Cluff, A. Cornell, A. Frankel, D. Jackson, D. Schwartz, and S. Wesnousky, who reviewed all aspects of this study and provided innumerable suggestions for its improvement. Generous advice and reviews were also provided by the National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Committee (J. Dieterich, chair), the California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Committee (J. Parrish, chair), the California Earthquake Authority Multidisciplinary Research Team (R. Anderson, B. Rowshandel), and a number of individual reviewers of the main report's many appendices. Tran Huynh cheerfully assisted all of the authors throughout the entire production and handled the many technical issues with great skill. Bill Ellsworth guided the entire publication process through the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) labyrinth. We also obtained very thoughtful review comments from the two BSSA referees Domenico Giardini and Kenneth Campbell, who had to go through the 16 appendices in addition to this manuscript. This study was sponsored by the California Earthquake Authority, the USGS, the California Geological Survey, and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR0529922 and the USGS under Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. This document is registered as USGS Open File Report 2007-1437, CGS Special Report # 203, and SCEC Contribution # 1138. NR 107 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 2053 EP 2107 DI 10.1785/0120080049 PG 55 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476RA UT WOS:000268459800001 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E Gulkan, P Yilmaz, N Celebi, M AF Kalkan, Erol Guelkan, Polat Yilmaz, Nazan Celebi, Mehmet TI Reassessment of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard in the Marmara Region SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION PREDICTION; AUGUST 1999 IZMIT; RESPONSE SPECTRA; WESTERN TURKEY; ACTIVE FAULTS; SLIP RATES; SEA REGION; EARTHQUAKE AB In 1999, the eastern coastline of the Marmara region (Turkey) witnessed increased seismic activity on the North Anatolian fault (NAF) system with two damaging earthquakes (M 7.4 Kocaeli and M 7.2 Duzce) that occurred almost three months apart. These events have reduced stress on the western segment of the NAF where it continues under the Marmara Sea. The undersea fault segments have been recently explored using bathymetric and reflection surveys. These recent findings helped scientists to understand the seismotectonic environment of the Marmara basin, which has remained a perplexing tectonic domain. On the basis of collected new data, seismic hazard of the Marmara region is reassessed using a probabilistic approach. Two different earthquake source models: (1) the smoothed-gridded seismicity model and (2) fault model and alternate magnitude-frequency relations, Gutenberg-Richter and characteristic, were used with local and imported ground-motion-prediction equations. Regional exposure is computed and quantified on a set of hazard maps that provide peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 sec on uniform firm- rock site condition (760 m/sec average shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m). These acceleration levels were computed for ground motions having 2% and 10% probabilities of exceedance in 50 yr, corresponding to return periods of about 2475 and 475 yr, respectively. The maximum PGA computed (at rock site) is 1.5g along the fault segments of the NAF zone extending into the Marmara Sea. The new maps generally show 10% to 15% increase for PGA, 0.2 and 1.0 sec spectral acceleration values across much of Marmara compared to previous regional hazard maps. Hazard curves and smooth design spectra for three site conditions: rock, soil, and soft-soil are provided for the Istanbul metropolitan area as possible tools in future risk estimates. C1 [Kalkan, Erol; Guelkan, Polat; Yilmaz, Nazan; Celebi, Mehmet] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Reg Earthquake Hazards Team, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ekalkan@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 2127 EP 2146 DI 10.1785/0120080285 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476RA UT WOS:000268459800003 ER PT J AU Catchings, RD Rymer, MJ Goldman, MR Gandhok, G AF Catchings, R. D. Rymer, M. J. Goldman, M. R. Gandhok, G. TI San Andreas Fault Geometry at Desert Hot Springs, California, and Its Effects on Earthquake Hazards and Groundwater SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; COACHELLA VALLEY; SEISMIC-WAVES; ZONE; RESOLUTION; FLOW; VELOCITIES; SEQUENCE; RUPTURE AB The Mission Creek and Banning faults are two of the principal strands of the San Andreas fault zone in the northern Coachella Valley of southern California. Structural characteristics of the faults affect both regional earthquake hazards and local groundwater resources. We use seismic, gravity, and geological data to characterize the San Andreas fault zone in the vicinity of Desert Hot Springs. Seismic images of the upper 500 m of the Mission Creek fault at Desert Hot Springs show multiple fault strands distributed over a 500 m wide zone, with concentrated faulting within a central 200 m wide area of the fault zone. High-velocity (up to 5000 m/sec) rocks on the northeast side of the fault are juxtaposed against a low-velocity (< 2000 m/sec) basin on the southwest side within the upper few hundred meters. Near-surface strands of the Mission Creek fault dip steeply southwestward and northeastward and merge at depth to form a narrower, steeply southwestward-dipping or near-vertical (80 degrees to 90 degrees) fault zone. The Banning fault, in contrast, dips northeastward (45 degrees to 70 degrees) toward the Mission Creek fault, and the two faults likely merge into a single San Andreas fault zone at depth, indicating a transtensional fault system. Mainshock hypocenters for two of the historically largest (M > 6: 0) earthquakes in the area (in 1948 and 1986) occurred at or near the depths (similar to 10 to 12 km) of the merged (San Andreas) fault. Large-magnitude earthquakes that nucleate at or below the merged fault will likely generate strong shaking from guided waves along both fault zones and from amplified seismic waves in the low-velocity basin between the two fault zones. The Mission Creek fault zone is a groundwater barrier with the top of the water table varying by 60 m in depth and the aquifer varying by about 50 m in thickness across a 200 m wide zone of concentrated faulting. C1 [Catchings, R. D.; Rymer, M. J.; Goldman, M. R.; Gandhok, G.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mississippi 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM catching@usgs.gov; mrymer@usgs.gov; goldman@usgs.gov; gg@weiss.com NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 2190 EP 2207 DI 10.1785/0120080117 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476RA UT WOS:000268459800008 ER PT J AU Aron, A Hardebeck, JL AF Aron, Allegra Hardebeck, Jeanne L. TI Seismicity Rate Changes along the Central California Coast due to Stress Changes from the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon and 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield Earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HAZARD AB We investigated the relationship between seismicity rate changes and modeled Coulomb static stress changes from the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon and the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquakes in central California. Coulomb stress modeling indicates that the San Simeon mainshock loaded parts of the Rinconada, Hosgri, and San Andreas strike-slip faults, along with the reverse faults of the southern Los Osos domain. All of these loaded faults, except for the San Andreas, experienced a seismicity rate increase at the time of the San Simeon mainshock. The Parkfield earthquake occurred 9 months later on the loaded portion of the San Andreas fault. The Parkfield earthquake unloaded the Hosgri fault and the reverse faults of the southern Los Osos domain, which both experienced seismicity rate decreases at the time of the Parkfield event, although the decreases may be related to the decay of San Simeon-triggered seismicity. Coulomb stress unloading from the Parkfield earthquake appears to have altered the aftershock decay rate of the southern cluster of San Simeon aftershocks, which is deficient compared to the expected number of aftershocks from the Omori decay parameters based on the pre-Parkfield aftershocks. Dynamic stress changes cannot explain the deficiency of aftershocks, providing evidence that static stress changes affect earthquake occurrence. However, a burst of seismicity following the Parkfield earthquake at Ragged Point, where the static stress was decreased, provides evidence for dynamic stress triggering. It therefore appears that both Coulomb static stress changes and dynamic stress changes affect the seismicity rate. C1 [Aron, Allegra] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hardebeck, Jeanne L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Aron, A (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 2280 EP 2292 DI 10.1785/0120080239 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476RA UT WOS:000268459800014 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Skarlatoudis, AA Margaris, BN Papazachos, CB Ventouzi, C AF Boore, David M. Skarlatoudis, Andreas A. Margaris, Basil N. Papazachos, Costas B. Ventouzi, Chrisa TI Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece, Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; HELLENIC ARC; DELTA-SIGMA; S-WAVES; PERIOD; AREA; DISPLACEMENTS; ACCELERATION; PREDICTION AB An M6.7 intermediate-depth (66 km), in-slab earthquake occurring near the island of Kythera in Greece on 8 January 2006 was well recorded on networks of stations equipped with acceleration sensors and with broadband velocity sensors. All data were recorded digitally using recording instruments with resolutions ranging from almost 11 to 24 bits. We use data from these networks to study the distance dependence of the horizontal-component Fourier acceleration spectra (FAS) and horizontal-component pseudoabsolute response spectral acceleration (PSA). For purposes of simulating motions in the future, we parameterize the distance decay using several forms of the geometrical-spreading function, for each of which we derive Q as a function of frequency. By extrapolating the distance decay back to 1 km, we obtain a reference spectrum that can be used in future simulations. This spectrum requires a more complicated spectral shape than the classic single-corner-frequency model; in particular, there appears to be an enhancement of motion around 0.2-0.3 Hz that may be due to the radiation of a 3-5 sec pulse from the source. We infer kappa(0) value of about 0.055 sec for rock stations and a stress parameter in the range of 400-600 bars. We also find distinctive differences in the site response of stations on soft soil and soil; both the FAS and the 5% damped PSA amplifications have similar peak amplitudes (about 2 and 4 for soil and soft-soil sites, respectively, relative to the rock sites) at similar frequencies (between about 0.4 and 2.0 Hz, with the soft-soil amplifications peaking at somewhat lower frequencies than the soil amplifications). One of the most distinctive features of the data is the clear difference in the motions for along-arc and back-arc stations, with the former being significantly higher than the latter over a broad range of frequencies at distances beyond about 250 km. The motions from the Kythera earthquake are roughly comparable to those from intermediate-depth earthquakes elsewhere, but they appear to be significantly higher than those from recordings of shallow earthquakes in Greece of comparable magnitude and hypocentral distance. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Skarlatoudis, Andreas A.; Papazachos, Costas B.; Ventouzi, Chrisa] Univ Thessaloniki, Geophys Lab, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Margaris, Basil N.] Inst Engn Seismol & Earthquake Engn ITSAK, GR-55102 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; askarlat@geo.auth.gr; margaris@itsak.gr; kpapaza@geo.auth.gr RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012 FU EC Project "ITSAK-GR" [MTKD-CT-2005 029627] FX This work was partially supported by the EC Project "ITSAK-GR" Project Number MTKD-CT-2005 029627. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 2410 EP 2434 DI 10.1785/0120080229 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476RA UT WOS:000268459800022 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH AF Bakun, William H. TI Comment on "Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California, Earthquake" by Susan E. Hough and Kate Hutton SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; MAGNITUDES C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bakun, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 2589 EP 2590 DI 10.1785/0120080148 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476RA UT WOS:000268459800036 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Hutton, K AF Hough, Susan E. Hutton, Kate TI Reply to "Comment on 'Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California, Earthquake' by Susan E. Hough and Kate Hutton" by William H. Bakun SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTENSITY DATA; NORTH-AMERICA; BASIN C1 [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Hutton, Kate] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 2591 EP 2593 DI 10.1785/0120090026 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476RA UT WOS:000268459800037 ER PT J AU Sisson, TW Vallance, JW AF Sisson, T. W. Vallance, J. W. TI Frequent eruptions of Mount Rainier over the last similar to 2,600 years SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mount Rainier; Eruptions; Holocene; Tephra; Glass; Lahar; Hazards ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; DEBRIS-FLOW; WASHINGTON; VOLCANO; MUDFLOW; PROGRAM; EXTENT; ROCKS AB Field, geochronologic, and geochemical evidence from proximal fine-grained tephras, and from limited exposures of Holocene lava flows and a small pyroclastic flow document ten-12 eruptions of Mount Rainier over the last 2,600 years, contrasting with previously published evidence for only 11-12 eruptions of the volcano for all of the Holocene. Except for the pumiceous subplinian C event of 2,200 cal year BP, the late-Holocene eruptions were weakly explosive, involving lava effusions and at least two block-and-ash pyroclastic flows. Eruptions were clustered from similar to 2,600 to similar to 2,200 cal year BP, an interval referred to as the Summerland eruptive period that includes the youngest lava effusion from the volcano. Thin, fine-grained tephras are the only known primary volcanic products from eruptions near 1,500 and 1,000 cal year BP, but these and earlier eruptions were penecontemporaneous with far-traveled lahars, probably created from newly erupted materials melting snow and glacial ice. The most recent magmatic eruption of Mount Rainier, documented geochemically, was the 1,000 cal year BP event. Products from a proposed eruption of Mount Rainier between AD 1820 and 1854 (X tephra of Mullineaux (US Geol Surv Bull 1326:1-83, 1974)) are redeposited C tephra, probably transported onto young moraines by snow avalanches, and do not record a nineteenth century eruption. We found no conclusive evidence for an eruption associated with the clay-rich Electron Mudflow of similar to 500 cal year BP, and though rare, non-eruptive collapse of unstable edifice flanks remains as a potential hazard from Mount Rainier. C1 [Sisson, T. W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vallance, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Sisson, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tsisson@usgs.gov; jvallance@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey; Volcano Hazards Program FX J Byman and C Harpell assisted JV in the field. D Champion provided advice on paleomagnetic results. R Oscarson expertly maintained the USGSWestern Region electronmicroprobe facility. Wholerock analyses were performed by J Budahn (INAA) and by the lateDSeims (XRF). J Fierstein, M- A Longpre P Pringle, and K Wallace provided constructive manuscript reviews, and J Stix edited the manuscript for the Bulletin. P Pringle supplied key samples for the Zehfuss et al. (2003) study. This study was supported by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, Volcano Hazards Program. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 71 IS 6 BP 595 EP 618 DI 10.1007/s00445-008-0245-7 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 474OO UT WOS:000268294000001 ER PT J AU Widiwijayanti, C Voight, B Hidayat, D Schilling, SP AF Widiwijayanti, C. Voight, B. Hidayat, D. Schilling, S. P. TI Objective rapid delineation of areas at risk from block-and-ash pyroclastic flows and surges SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyroclastic flow; Pyroclastic surge; Hazard maps; Volcano hazards; Montserrat; Merapi ID UNZEN VOLCANO JAPAN; 22 NOVEMBER 1994; MERAPI VOLCANO; NUEES ARDENTES; DOME-COLLAPSE; CLOUD SURGES; INDONESIA; ERUPTION; JAVA; HAZARDS AB Assessments of pyroclastic flow (PF) hazards are commonly based on mapping of PF and surge deposits and estimations of inundation limits, and/or computer models of varying degrees of sophistication. In volcanic crises a PF hazard map may be sorely needed, but limited time, exposures, or safety aspects may preclude fieldwork, and insufficient time or baseline data may be available for reliable dynamic simulations. We have developed a statistically constrained simulation model for block-and-ash type PFs to estimate potential areas of inundation by adapting methodology from Iverson et al. (Geol Soc America Bull 110:972-984, 1998) for lahars. The predictive equations for block-and-ash PFs are calibrated with data from several volcanoes and given by A = (0.05 to 0.1)V (2/3), B = (35 to 40)V (2/3), where A is cross-sectional area of inundation, B is planimetric area and V is deposit volume. The proportionality coefficients were obtained from regression analyses and comparison of simulations to mapped deposits. The method embeds the predictive equations in a GIS program coupled with DEM topography, using the LAHARZ program of Schilling (1998). Although the method is objective and reproducible, any PF hazard zone so computed should be considered as an approximate guide only, due to uncertainties on the coefficients applicable to individual PFs, the authenticity of DEM details, and the volume of future collapses. The statistical uncertainty of the predictive equations, which imply a factor of two or more in predicting A or B for a specified V, is superposed on the uncertainty of forecasting V for the next PF to descend a particular valley. Multiple inundation zones, produced by simulations using a selected range of volumes, partly accommodate these uncertainties. The resulting maps show graphically that PF inundation potentials are highest nearest volcano sources and along valley thalwegs, and diminish with distance from source and lateral distance from thalweg. The model does not explicitly consider dynamic behavior, which can be important. Ash-cloud surge impact limits must be extended beyond PF hazard zones and we provide several approaches to do this. The method has been used to supply PF and surge hazard maps in two crises: Merapi 2006; and Montserrat 2006-2007. C1 [Widiwijayanti, C.; Voight, B.; Hidayat, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Voight, B.; Schilling, S. P.] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Voight, B (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM voight@ems.psu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-04-08709] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation EAR-04-08709 to BV. A special motivation for these studies arose from BV's associations with Dick Janda and Harry Glicken; Janda and BV mapped PF and surge hazard zones at Galeras volcano in 1989, and Glicken, with the Kraffts, was killed by an ash-cloud surge at Unzen in 1991. Our research follows the seminal approach of R. M. Iverson, S. P. Schilling, and J. W. Vallance in regard to delineation of lahar- inundation zones. We thank others at USGS for comments on our generation of maps for the Merapi crisis, including C. Newhall, J. Pallister, W. Scott, J. J. Major, and J. Griswold. With regard to Montserrat, we thank G. Wadge, R. Herd, and MVO staff for valuable discussions and updated DEM data. USGS internal reviews for this paper were kindly provided by J. J. Major, D. Dzurisin, W. E. Scott and R. M. Iverson. Reviews for the journal were contributed by A. Neri and S. C. Loughlin. We are grateful to all reviewers for numerous insightful comments that improved our paper. The opinions expressed in the paper are those of the authors alone. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 71 IS 6 BP 687 EP 703 DI 10.1007/s00445-008-0254-6 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 474OO UT WOS:000268294000007 ER PT J AU Warner, DM Schaeffer, JS O'Brien, TP AF Warner, David M. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. O'Brien, Timothy P. TI The Lake Huron pelagic fish community: persistent spatial pattern along biomass and species composition gradients SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; RAINBOW-SMELT; CHINOOK SALMON; NORTH CHANNEL; FRESH-WATER AB Spatial patterns in the biomass of pelagic fish in Lake Huron have persisted over 10 years even though biomass decreased 86% and the fish community shifted from dominance by non-native species (rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax) to dominance by native species (bloater, Coregonus hoyi). Based on multivariate analyses of acoustic biomass data and abiotic variables from the years 1997, 2004, 2005, and 2007, the strength of relationships between abiotic variables ( primarily bottom depth) and fish community composition gradients decreased with fish biomass, suggesting that at high biomass, the influence of the measured abiotic variables is minimal. We observed consistently higher biomass in the North Channel and Georgian Bay than in the Main Basin, and as a result, we conclude that these smaller basins are likely important contributors to lakewide fish biomass, production, and dynamics. These results suggest that at current biomass levels, efforts to understand ecology, population dynamics, and lakewide abundance need to incorporate the effects of depth and geographic variation on fish distributions and ecology. C1 [Warner, David M.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; O'Brien, Timothy P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Warner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dmwarner@usgs.gov RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009 FU Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR); Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR); MDNR; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX We thank the many individuals from Lake Huron resources agencies who supported and were involved in this research since 1997. These agencies include Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), which provided partial funding for the surveys in 2004, 2005, and 2007, and Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). We especially appreciate the contribution of the MDNR captain Jerry Ranville. Similarly, we thank USGS vessel crew members, researchers, and technicians, including Phil Pepper, Mike McCann, Joe Spicciani, Ed Perry, Tom Girard, Guy Fleischer, Ray Argyle (retired), and Rich Stickel. We also thank Ed Roseman of GLSC and Stephen Gile of OMNR for their assistance in the field. We thank Dan Yule and Lloyd Mohr for useful comments on an early draft of this article and two anonymous reviewers for comments on later drafts. This article is contribution 1527 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1199 EP 1215 DI 10.1139/F09-072 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488FY UT WOS:000269335800001 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Buckel, JA Hightower, JE Paramore, LM Pollock, KH AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Hightower, Joseph E. Paramore, Lee M. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI A combined telemetry - tag return approach to estimate fishing and natural mortality rates of an estuarine fish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID REPORTING RATE ESTIMATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; SUBADULT RED DRUM; CATCH-AT-AGE; CAROLINA WATERS; TAGGING MODELS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MARK-RECAPTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; ONE-COMPONENT AB A joint analysis of tag return and telemetry data should improve estimates of mortality rates for exploited fishes; however, the combined approach has thus far only been tested in terrestrial systems. We tagged subadult red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) with conventional tags and ultrasonic transmitters over 3 years in coastal North Carolina, USA, to test the efficacy of the combined telemetry - tag return approach. There was a strong seasonal pattern to monthly fishing mortality rate (F) estimates from both conventional and telemetry tags; highest F values occurred in fall months and lowest levels occurred during winter. Although monthly F values were similar in pattern and magnitude between conventional tagging and telemetry, information on F in the combined model came primarily from conventional tags. The estimated natural mortality rate (M) in the combined model was low (estimated annual rate +/- standard error: 0.04 +/- 0.04) and was based primarily upon the telemetry approach. Using high-reward tagging, we estimated different tag reporting rates for state agency and university tagging programs. The combined telemetry - tag return approach can be an effective approach for estimating F and M as long as several key assumptions of the model are met. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Paramore, Lee M.] N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Wanchese, NC 27981 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nat & Appl Sci ES 317,2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. EM bachelen@uwgb.edu FU N.C. Sea [R/MRD-48, R/MRD-52]; N.C. Beautiful; Raleigh Saltwater Sportfishing Club; North Carolina, and Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration FX Funding for fieldwork, data collection, and analyses was supported by N.C. Sea Grant (Nos. R/MRD-48 and R/MRD-52), N.C. Beautiful, the Raleigh Saltwater Sportfishing Club, the state of North Carolina, and Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration. We thank T. Averett, S. Burdick, J. Edwards, T. Ellis, A. Flynt, M. Fox, D. Heithaus, M. May, J. Merrell, J. Morley, P. Rudershausen, and A. Waggener for field assistance. In addition, we thank M. Hamric, D. Skinner, L. Judy, and C. Etheridge of NCDMF. We also thank J. Gilliam, L. Daniel, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of this manuscript. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names, products, software, or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. NR 56 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 34 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1230 EP 1244 DI 10.1139/F09-076 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488FY UT WOS:000269335800003 ER PT J AU Mazdab, FK AF Mazdab, Frank K. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUX-GROWN TRACE-ELEMENT-DOPED TITANITE USING THE HIGH-MASS-RESOLUTION ION MICROPROBE (SHRIMP-RG) SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE titanite; "sphene"; ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG); trace elements; flux-growth synthesis ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE DATA; BEARING TITANITE; SPHENE TITANITE; SIMS; ZIRCON; ROCKS; REE; ZR; ABUNDANCES AB Crystals of titanite can be readily grown under ambient pressure from a mixture of CaO, TiO(2) and SiO(2) in the presence of molten sodium tetraborate. The crystals produced are euhedral and prismatic, lustrous and transparent, and up to 5 mm in length. Titanite obtained by this method contains approximately 4300 ppm Na and 220 ppm B contributed from the flux. In addition to dopant-free material, titanite containing trace alkali and alkaline earth metals (K, Sr, Ba), transition metals (Sc, Cr, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta), rare-earth elements (REE), actinides (Th, U) and p-block elements (F, S, Cl, Ge, Sn and Pb) have been prepared using the same procedure. Back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging accompanied by ion-microprobe (SHRIMP-RG) analysis confirms significant incorporation of selected trace-elements at structural sites. Regardless of some zonation, the large size of the crystals and broad regions of chemical homogeneity make these crystals useful as experimental starting material, and as matrix-matched trace-element standards for a variety of microbeam analytical techniques where amorphous titanite glass, heterogeneous natural titanite or a non-titanite standard may be less than satisfactory. Trace-element-doped synthetic crystals can also provide a convenient proxy for a better understanding of trace-element incorporation in natural titanite. Comparisons with igneous, authigenic and high-temperature metasomatic titanite are examined. The use of high-mass-resolution SIMS also demonstrates the analytical challenges inherent to any in situ mass-spectrometry-based analysis of titanite, owing to the production of difficult-to-resolve molecular interferences. These interferences are dominated by Ca-Ca, Ca-Ti and Ti-Ti dimers that are significant in the mass range of 80-100, affecting all isotopes of Sr and Zr, as well as (89)Y and (93)Nb. Methods do exist for the evaluation of interferences by these dimers and of polyatomic interferences on the LREE. C1 [Mazdab, Frank K.] US Geol Survey, Stanford Ion Probe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mazdab, FK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fmazdab@email.arizona.edu NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 813 EP 831 DI 10.3749/canmin.47.4.813 PG 19 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 493HD UT WOS:000269726000007 ER PT J AU Sharma, B Patino, R AF Sharma, Bibek Patino, Reynaldo TI Effects of cadmium on growth, metamorphosis and gonadal sex differentiation in tadpoles of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Amphibian; Metamorphosis; Sex differentiation; Sex ratio ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; LARVAL DENSITY; RANA-PIPIENS; EXPOSURE; ESTROGEN; ATRAZINE; FEMINIZATION; ENDOCRINE; SURVIVAL; TOADS AB Xenopus laevis larvae were exposed to cadmium (Cd) at 0, 1, 8. 85 or 860 mu g L(-1) in FETAX medium from 0 to 86 d postfertilization. Premetamorphic tadpoles were sampled on day 3 1; pre and prometamorphic tadpoles on day 49; and frogs (NF stage 66) between days 50 and 86. Survival, snout-vent length (SVL), tail length, total length, hindlimb length (HLL), initiation of metamorphic climax, size at and completion of metamorphosis, and gonadal condition and sex ratio (assessed histologically) were determined. Survival was unaffected by Cd until day 49, but increased mortality was observed after day 49 at 860 mu g Cd L(-1). On day 31, when tadpoles were in early premetamorphosis, inhibitory effects on tadpole growth were observed only at 860 mu g Cd L(-1). On day 49, when most tadpoles where in late premetamorphosis/early prometamorphosis, reductions in SVL, HLL and total length were observed at 8 and 860 but not 85 mu g L(-1), thus creating a U-shaped size distribution at 0-85 mu g Cd L(-1). However, this U-shaped size pattern was not evident in postmetamorphic individuals. In fact, frog size at completion of metamorphosis was slightly smaller at 85 mu g Cd L(-1) relative to control animals. These observations confirmed a recent report of a Cd concentration-dependent bimodal growth pattern in late-premetamorphic Xenopus tadpoles, but also showed that growth responses to varying Cd concentrations change with development. The fraction of animals initiating or completing metamorphosis during days 50-86 was reduced in a Cd concentration-dependent manner. Testicular histology and population sex ratios were unaffected by Cd suggesting that, unlike mammals, Cd is not strongly estrogenic in Xenopus tadpoles. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Sharma, Bibek] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu FU Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (TCFWRU); Texas Tech University Association of Biologists FX We acknowledge Drs. George Cobb and Mike Hooper for their assistance during Cd analysis and Cristobal Cruz for his help with animal husbandry. This study was facilitated by funds from the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (TCFWRU) and the Texas Tech University Association of Biologists. Drs. James Carr and Sandeep Mukhi provided comments on an early draft of the manuscript. TCFWRU cooperators include Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, US Geological Survey, the Wildlife Management Institute, and US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2009 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1048 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.043 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487SE UT WOS:000269294900006 PM 19457541 ER PT J AU Moyle, RG Chesser, RT Brumfield, RT Tello, JG Marchese, DJ Cracraft, J AF Moyle, Robert G. Chesser, R. Terry Brumfield, Robb T. Tello, Jose G. Marchese, Daniel J. Cracraft, Joel TI Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: infraorder Furnariides) SO CLADISTICS LA English DT Review ID LENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST; DNA SEQUENCE DATA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; PASSERINE BIRDS; NUCLEAR-DNA; BIOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS; NEST ARCHITECTURE; BAYES FACTORS; AVIAN FAMILY; INCONGRUENCE AB The infraorder Furnariides is a diverse group of suboscine passerine birds comprising a substantial component of the Neotropical avifauna. The included species encompass a broad array of morphologies and behaviours, making them appealing for evolutionary studies, but the size of the group (ca. 600 species) has limited well-sampled higher-level phylogenetic studies. Using DNA sequence data from the nuclear RAG-1 and RAG-2 exons, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of the Furnariides sampling 124 (more than 88%) of the genera. Basal relationships among family-level taxa differed depending on phylogenetic method, but all topologies had little nodal support, mirroring the results from earlier studies in which discerning relationships at the base of the radiation was also difficult. In contrast, branch support for family-rank taxa and for many relationships within those clades was generally high. Our results support the Melanopareidae and Grallariidae as distinct from the Rhinocryptidae and Formicariidae, respectively. Within the Furnariides our data contradict some recent phylogenetic hypotheses and suggest that further study is needed to resolve these discrepancies. Of the few genera represented by multiple species, several were not monophyletic, indicating that additional systematic work remains within furnariine families and must include dense taxon sampling. We use this study as a basis for proposing a new phylogenetic classification for the group and in the process erect new family-group names for clades having high branch support across methods. C1 [Moyle, Robert G.; Tello, Jose G.; Marchese, Daniel J.; Cracraft, Joel] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Moyle, Robert G.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Moyle, Robert G.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Tello, Jose G.] Long Isl Univ, Dept Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Moyle, RG (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM moyle@ku.edu OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0228693, NSF DEB-0543562]; L. J. and L. C. Sanford Funds; Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematic Studies; New York Botanical Gardens and the American Museum of Natural History; Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, AMNH FX We thank the following institutions for generous tissue loans: Field Museum of Natural History, US National Museum of Natural History, and the Zoological Museum at the University of Copenhagen. We also thank all of the field collectors whose efforts made this project possible. Richard C. Banks (Smithsonian Institution) provided invaluable comments and advice on nomenclatural issues for which we are deeply grateful. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation ("Assembling the Tree of Life" EAR-0228693, and NSF DEB-0543562). These studies were also supported by the L. J. and L. C. Sanford Funds, and the Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematic Studies, a joint initiative of the New York Botanical Gardens and the American Museum of Natural History, as well as by the Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, AMNH. NR 102 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-3007 EI 1096-0031 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics PD AUG PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 386 EP 405 DI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00259.x PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 471IY UT WOS:000268051800003 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Bart, J Lanctot, RB McCaffery, BJ Brown, S AF Smith, Paul A. Bart, Jonathan Lanctot, Richard B. McCaffery, Brian J. Brown, Stephen TI PROBABILITY OF DETECTION OF NESTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SURVEY DESIGN SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE breeding; double sampling; detection ratio; nest searching; shorebird; surveys ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; ESTIMATE DENSITY; BIRD SURVEYS; ABUNDANCE AB Surveys based on double sampling include a correction for the probability of detection by assuming complete enumeration of birds in an intensively surveyed subsample of plots. To evaluate this assumption, we calculated the probability of detecting active shorebird nests by using information from observers who searched the same plots independently. Our results demonstrate that this probability varies substantially by species and stage of the nesting cycle but less by site or density of nests. Among the species we studied, the estimated single-visit probability of nest detection during the incubation period varied from 0.21 for the White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis), the most difficult species to detect, to 0.64 for the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri), the most easily detected species, with a mean across species of 0.46. We used these detection probabilities to predict the fraction of persistent nests found over repeated nest searches. For a species with the mean value for detectability, the detection rate exceeded 0.85 after four visits. This level of nest detection was exceeded in only three visits for the Western Sandpiper, but six to nine visits were required for the White-rumped Sandpiper, depending on the type of survey employed. Our results suggest that the double-sampling method's requirement of nearly complete counts of birds in the intensively surveyed plots is likely to be met for birds with nests that survive over several visits of nest searching. Individuals with nests that fail quickly or individuals that do not breed can be detected with high probability only if territorial behavior is used to identify likely nesting pairs. C1 [Smith, Paul A.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Bart, Jonathan] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Brown, Stephen] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM paulallen.smith@ec.gc.ca FU Canadian Wildlife Service Prairie; Northern Region and the Polar Continental Shelf Project; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangelands Ecosystem Science Center FX We are grateful to those who contributed in the field, including Travis Booms, Marie-Helene Burle, Mike Denega, Susan Earnst, Chadd Fitzpatrick, Kyle Elliott, Guillermo Fernandez Aceves, Randy Hill, Metta McGarvey, Michael Swaim, Heather Swenson, Audrey Taylor, Gavin Thomas, Blake Trask, Hope Woodward, and especially Brad Andres. Funding for work in Canada was provided by the Canadian Wildlife Service Prairie and Northern Region and the Polar Continental Shelf Project. Vicky Johnston assisted with the design of the surveys. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided logistical and financial support for the Barrow and Yukon Delta Refuge sites. The U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangelands Ecosystem Science Center provided support for J. Bart to participate in the study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.090002 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 507LI UT WOS:000270854600002 ER PT J AU Luscier, JD Thompson, WL AF Luscier, Jason D. Thompson, William L. TI SHORT-TERM RESPONSES OF BREEDING BIRDS OF GRASSLAND AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL HABITAT TO TIMING OF HAYING IN NORTHWESTERN ARKANSAS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; density; Dickcissel; Eastern Meadowlark; Field Sparrow; haying; grassland birds; nest survival; Red-winged Blackbird; Spiza americana; Spizella pusilla; Sturnella magna ID NORTHERN BOBWHITE; MANAGEMENT; SONGBIRDS; SURVIVAL; FIELDS; ABUNDANCE; MISSOURI; QUALITY; PLOTS; NESTS AB In 2003, we evaluated nest survival and density of the Dickcissel (Spiza americana), Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla), and Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) in four unhayed, two early-hayed (26-31 May) and three late-hayed (17-25 June) fields in northwestern Arkansas. Rope dragging and observations revealed 89 nests. Daily nest-survival rates (SE) prior to haying ranged from 0.94 (0.03) to 0.97 (0.02). Early haying affected both nest-survival rates and bird densities negatively, whereas late haying had minimal effects. Fifteen nests in hayed portions of early-hayed fields were destroyed, whereas only 2 of 52 nests were affected by late haying. Density was at least 0.98 birds ha(-1) higher in unhayed than in early-hayed fields and 1.03 birds ha(-1) higher in late-hayed than in early-hayed fields. In northwestern Arkansas, postponing haying until mid- to late June would allow time for nestlings to fledge, would have little effect on bird densities, and would affect hay nutrition and regrowth minimally. C1 [Luscier, Jason D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Thompson, William L.] Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Luscier, JD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jluscie@uark.edu FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC); United States Geological Survey (USGS); University of Arkansas; Wildlife Management Institute FX We are grateful to the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for funding this project. The Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported jointly by the USGS, AGFC, University of Arkansas, and Wildlife Management Institute. We also thank the following people for their assistance with various aspects of this project: R. Ahlert, H. Birch, C. Butcher, J. Fleming, J. Gentry, P. Hornsby, A. James, F. Kirk, D. Krementz, L. Moore, J. Neal, R. Odegard, B. Orr, L. Powell, T. Rotenberry, K. Rowe, B. Shoffier, K. Smith, the Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and University of Arkansas students. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge our technicians: R. Barnhill, E. Brothers, J. Millikin, C. Morris, N. Schubert, and S. Spurrier. Field methods used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Arkansas (protocol #02030). The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 538 EP 544 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080019 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 507LI UT WOS:000270854600016 ER PT J AU Wiltermuth, MT Anteau, MJ Sherfy, MH Shaffer, TL AF Wiltermuth, Mark T. Anteau, Michael J. Sherfy, Mark H. Shaffer, Terry L. TI NEST MOVEMENT BY PIPING PLOVERS IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING HABITAT CONDITIONS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Charadrius melodus; egg movement; nest flooding; nest-site selection; nest survival; Piping Plover; prospective action ID LAKE DIEFENBAKER; FEMALE MALLARD; EGG RETRIEVAL; SELECTION; GADWALLS; GEESE AB Birds that nest along reservoir or river shorelines may face fluctuating water levels that threaten nest survival. On Lake Sakakawea of the upper Missouri River, 37 and 70% of Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) nests found in 2007 and 2008, respectively, were initiated at elevations inundated prior to projected hatch date. We describe eight events at seven nests in which adult Piping Plovers appeared to have moved active nests threatened by rising water or gathered eggs apparently displaced by rising water on Lake Sakakawea and the Garrison reach of the upper Missouri River. Additionally, we describe one nest that was moved after the habitat at the nest site had been disturbed by domestic cattle. Our observations and evidence indicate that adult Piping Plovers are capable of moving eggs and establishing nests at new sites during incubation. Furthermore, our results suggest that Piping Plovers evaluate their reproductive investment under potential threat of nest loss and may be capable of acting prospectively (moving nests prior to inundation) and reactively (regathering eggs after inundation) to avoid nest failure. C1 [Wiltermuth, Mark T.; Anteau, Michael J.; Sherfy, Mark H.; Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Wiltermuth, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM mwiltermuth@usgs.gov OI Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816 FU Corps' Omaha District Threatened; Endangered Species Section; Garrison Project Office FX This study was conducted under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program. We are grateful for financial and logistical support of the Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section and Garrison Project Office, and for technical support by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Research Team. Our field protocols were approved by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank Andrea Anteau, Alisa Bartos, Phil Brown, Ray Buchhelit, Colin Dovichin, Anthony Hipp, Coral Huber, Brenda Jarski-Weber, Casey Kruse, Michael Morris, Nickolas Smith, Marsha Sovada, and Jennifer Stucker for help with project planning and logistics, and the many field technicians for their assistance with data collection. Last, we are indebted to Lawrence IgI, Abby Powell, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 550 EP 555 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080106 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 507LI UT WOS:000270854600018 ER PT J AU Fausch, KD Rieman, BE Dunham, JB Young, MK Peterson, DP AF Fausch, Kurt D. Rieman, Bruce E. Dunham, Jason B. Young, Michael K. Peterson, Douglas P. TI Invasion versus Isolation: Trade-Offs in Managing Native Salmonids with Barriers to Upstream Movement SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; corridors; habitat fragmentation; isolation; salmonids; stream fish ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; FISH INTRODUCTIONS AB Conservation biologists often face the trade-off that increasing connectivity in fragmented landscapes to reduce extinction risk of native species can foster invasion by non-native species that enter via the corridors created, which can then increase extinction risk. This dilemma is acute for stream fishes, especially native salmonids, because their populations are frequently relegated to fragments of headwater habitat threatened by invasion from downstream by 3 cosmopolitan non-native salmonids. Managers often block these upstream invasions with movement barriers, but isolation of native salmonids in small headwater streams can increase the threat of local extinction. We propose a conceptual framework to address this worldwide problem that focuses on 4 main questions. First, are populations of conservation value present (considering evolutionary legacies, ecological functions, and socioeconomic benefits as distinct values)? Second, are populations vulnerable to invasion and displacement by non-native salmonids? Third, would these populations be threatened with local extinction if isolated with barriers? And, fourth, how should management be prioritized among multiple populations? We also developed a conceptual model of the joint trade-off of invasion and isolation threats that considers the opportunities for managers to make strategic decisions. We illustrated use of this framework in an analysis of the invasion-isolation trade-off for native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) in 2 contrasting basins in western North America where invasion and isolation are either present and strong or farther away and apparently weak. These cases demonstrate that decisions to install or remove barriers to conserve native salmonids are often complex and depend on conservation values, environmental context (which influences the threat of invasion and isolation), and additional socioeconomic factors. Explicit analysis with tools such as those we propose can help managers make sound decisions in such complex circumstances. C1 [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Fausch, KD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kurtf@warnercnr.colostate.edu RI Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 NR 90 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 11 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 859 EP 870 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01159.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 471BS UT WOS:000268028800016 PM 19210302 ER PT J AU Stephenson, JJ Campbell, MR Hess, JE Kozfkay, C Matala, AP McPhee, MV Moran, P Narum, SR Paquin, MM Schlei, O Small, MP Van Doornik, DM Wenburg, JK AF Stephenson, Jeff J. Campbell, Matt R. Hess, Jon E. Kozfkay, Chris Matala, Andrew P. McPhee, Megan V. Moran, Paul Narum, Shawn R. Paquin, Melanie M. Schlei, Ora Small, Maureen P. Van Doornik, Donald M. Wenburg, John K. TI A centralized model for creating shared, standardized, microsatellite data that simplifies inter-laboratory collaboration SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; Standardization; Steelhead; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; PACIFIC SALMON; MINISATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON AB We demonstrate an efficient model for standardizing microsatellite DNA data among laboratories studying Oncorhynchus mykiss. Eight laboratories standardized 13 microsatellite loci following allele nomenclature of a central laboratory (average inter-laboratory genotyping concordance > 98%). Following this central model, we have currently standardized 298 alleles from throughout the species native range. Although we focus here on O. mykiss, our experiences and recommendation apply equally to other broadly distributed species that may benefit from multi-laboratory collaborative data collection. C1 [Stephenson, Jeff J.; Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Campbell, Matt R.; Kozfkay, Chris] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. [Hess, Jon E.; Moran, Paul; Paquin, Melanie M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Matala, Andrew P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Abernathy, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [McPhee, Megan V.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Schlei, Ora; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Small, Maureen P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Div Sci, Fish Program, Conservat Biol Unit, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Stephenson, JJ (reprint author), Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM stej@critfc.org RI Hess, Jon/F-5124-2012 OI Hess, Jon/0000-0002-3643-202X NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1149 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9729-4 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 459LN UT WOS:000267104000056 ER PT J AU Wesson, RL Perkins, DM Luco, N Karaca, E AF Wesson, Robert L. Perkins, David M. Luco, Nicolas Karaca, Erdem TI Direct Calculation of the Probability Distribution for Earthquake Losses to a Portfolio SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article DE earthquake engineering; hazards; Monte Carlo methods; probability ID GROUND-MOTION; SEISMIC HAZARD; CALIFORNIA AB We demonstrate a direct method for the calculation of the annual frequency of exceedance for earthquake losses (or the probability distribution for annual losses) to a portfolio. This method parallels the classic method of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for the calculation of the annual frequency of exceedance for earthquake ground motions. The method assumes conditional independence of the random component of ground motions and losses at different sites for each earthquake, given magnitude, distance to the sites, and so-called interevent epsilon. Examples show that the method is realizable, and can take into account different loss functions and site conditions in the portfolio. The main advantage of this method is that it does not require a separate set of scenario earthquakes, as do Monte Carlo-based approaches, but can be calculated directly from the inputs used for hazard maps. C1 [Wesson, Robert L.; Perkins, David M.; Luco, Nicolas; Karaca, Erdem] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Karaca, Erdem] Swiss Re, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. RP Wesson, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 687 EP 706 DI 10.1193/1.3159475 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 481KS UT WOS:000268809600010 ER PT J AU Huang, YN Whittaker, AS Luco, N AF Huang, Yin-Nan Whittaker, Andrew S. Luco, Nicolas TI Orientation of Maximum Spectral Demand in the Near-Fault Region SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION AB An orientation-dependent parameter, (R) over bar (Sa) (theta), is used to investigate the orientation of maximum elastic spectral demand for near-fault ground motions. The upper bound on (R) over bar (Sa)(theta), equal to 1, occurs when the spectral demands for an orientation theta are equal to the maximum demands at all periods considered. One hundred forty-seven pairs of near-fault ground motions were used to identify the orientation associated with the maximum value of (R) over bar (Sa) for each pair of ground motions. The maximum value of (R) over bar (Sa) is greater than 0.9 for over 80% of the records in the dataset, meaning that there is generally an axis where the spectral demands are equal or very close to the maximum spectral demands for a wide range of period. The strike-normal direction should not be used as a surrogate for the direction of maximum shaking for a) closest site-to-source distance less than 5 km and periods less than 1 second, and b) closest site-to-source distance greater than 5 km. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3158997] C1 [Huang, Yin-Nan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Whittaker, Andrew S.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Huang, YN (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Blk N1,N Spine,Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RI Huang, Yin-Nan/H-9914-2012 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [08HQGR0017] FX Financial support for the study described herein was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Award Number 08HQGR0017. We acknowledge and thank Drs. David Boore and John Douglas and two anonymous reviewers for their careful evaluation of the manuscript. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 707 EP 717 DI 10.1193/1.3158997 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 481KS UT WOS:000268809600011 ER PT J AU Large, RR Danyushevsky, L Hollit, C Maslennikov, V Meffre, S Gilbert, S Bull, S Scott, R Emsbo, P Thomas, H Singh, B Foster, J AF Large, Ross R. Danyushevsky, Leonid Hollit, Chris Maslennikov, Valeriy Meffre, Sebastien Gilbert, Sarah Bull, Stuart Scott, Rob Emsbo, Poul Thomas, Helen Singh, Bob Foster, Jeffrey TI Gold and Trace Element Zonation in Pyrite Using a Laser Imaging Technique: Implications for the Timing of Gold in Orogenic and Carlin-Style Sediment-Hosted Deposits SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; CENTRAL VICTORIA; ARSENIAN PYRITE; INVISIBLE GOLD; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; PROTON-MICROPROBE; FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE; AUSTRALIA; SULFIDE; NEVADA AB Laser ablation ICP-MS imaging of gold and other trace elements in pyrite from four different sediment hosted gold-arsenic deposits has revealed two distinct episodes of gold enrichment in each deposit: an early synsedimentary stage where invisible gold is concentrated in arsenian diagenetic pyrite along with other trace elements, in particular, As, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ag, Mo, Te, V, and Se; and a later hydrothermal stage where gold forms as either free gold grains in cracks in overgrowth metamorphic and/or hydrothermal pyrite or as narrow, gold-arsenic rims on the outermost parts of the overgrowth hydrothermal pyrite. Compared to the diagenetic pyrites, the hydrothermal pyrites are commonly depleted in Ni, V, Zn, Pb, and Ag with cyclic zones of Co, Ni, and As concentration. The outermost hydrothermal pyrite rims are either As-Au rich, as in moderate- to high-grade deposits such as Carlin and Bendigo, or Co-Ni rich and As-Au poor as in moderate- to low-grade deposits such as Sukhoi Log and Spanish Mountain. The early enrichment of gold in arsenic-bearing syngenetic to diagenetic pyrite, within black shale facies of sedimentary basins, is proposed as a critical requirement for the later development of Carlin-style and orogenic gold deposits in sedimentary environments. The best grade sediment-hosted deposits appear to have the gold climax event, toward the final stages of deformation-related hydrothermal pyrite growth and fluid flow. C1 [Large, Ross R.; Danyushevsky, Leonid; Hollit, Chris; Meffre, Sebastien; Gilbert, Sarah; Bull, Stuart; Scott, Rob; Thomas, Helen; Foster, Jeffrey] Univ Tasmania, CODES ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Maslennikov, Valeriy] Russian Acad Sci, Urals Branch, Inst Mineral, Miass, Russia. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Singh, Bob] Skygold Ventures, Vancouver, BC V6C 2V6, Canada. RP Large, RR (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, CODES ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Private Bag 126, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM Ross.Large@utas.edu.au RI Large, Ross/C-5365-2009; Danyushevsky, Leonid/C-5346-2013; Meffre, Sebastien/J-8700-2014 OI Danyushevsky, Leonid/0000-0003-4050-6850; Meffre, Sebastien/0000-0003-2741-6076 FU Barrick; Newcrest' Newmont; St. Barbara; Perserverence; Golden Gryphon; Bendigo Mining; Skygold Ventures; ARC Centre of Excellence FX Part of this research Wits undertaken in an AMIRA International-Australian Research Council (AMIRA-ARC) project (P923) on Trace Element Signatures of Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposits. The sponsor companies, Barrick, Newcrest' Newmont, St. Barbara, Perserverence, and Golden Gryphon are thanked for their support and commitment to the project. Bendigo Mining and Skygold Ventures are also thanked for their support of research at Bendigo and Spanish Mountain. jean Cline, Artur Deditius, Larry Meinert, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their very detailed and valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was conducted under the ARC Centre of Excellence funding program. NR 73 TC 190 Z9 206 U1 11 U2 92 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 104 IS 5 BP 635 EP 668 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 491RZ UT WOS:000269598400003 ER PT J AU Noe, GB Hupp, CR AF Noe, Gregory B. Hupp, Cliff R. TI Retention of Riverine Sediment and Nutrient Loads by Coastal Plain Floodplains SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE floodplain; sediment; nitrogen; phosphorus; retention; wetland; river ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN-RETENTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE-WATER; PHOSPHORUS; STORAGE; USA; NITRATE; QUALITY AB Despite the frequent citation of wetlands as effective regulators of water quality, few quantitative estimates exist for their cumulative retention of the annual river loads of nutrients or sediments. Here we report measurements of sediment accretion and associated carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation as sedimentation over feldspar marker horizons placed on floodplains of the non-tidal, freshwater Coastal Plain reaches of seven rivers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. We then scale these accumulation rates to the entire extent of non-tidal floodplain in the Coastal Plain of each river, defined as riparian area extending from the Fall Line to the upper limit of tidal influence, and compare them to annual river loads. Floodplains accumulated a very large amount of material compared to their annual river loads of sediment (median among rivers = 119%), nitrogen (24%), and phosphorus (59%). Systems with larger floodplain areas and longer floodplain inundation retained greater proportions of riverine loads of nitrogen and phosphorus, but systems with larger riverine loads retained a smaller proportion of that load on floodplains. Although the source and long-term fate of deposited sediment and associated nutrients are uncertain, these fluxes represent the interception of large amounts of material that otherwise could have been exported downstream. Coastal Plain floodplain ecosystems are important regulators of sediment, carbon, and nutrient transport in watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay. C1 [Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU USGS FX This study was funded by the Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystem Science Program, the National Research Program, and the Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program of the USGS. The authors would like to thank Dan Kroes, Tommy Donelson, Josh Ewell, and Hana Sanei for assistance in the field; Kathy Conko, Mike Doughten, and Jimmy Bae for help in the laboratory; Ed Schenk for estimating floodplain areas and inundation; Allen Gellis for providing sediment load data; Rich Alexander for providing SPARROW predictions; Lauren McPhillips for generating the map; and Rich Alexander, Charlie Demas, Dorothy Tepper, Des Walling, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 57 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5 BP 728 EP 746 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9253-5 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BO UT WOS:000268492000003 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Li, YL Zhang, B Cao, JL Cao, ZG Domagalski, J AF Liu, Jingling Li, Yongli Zhang, Bao Cao, Jinling Cao, Zhiguo Domagalski, Joseph TI Ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Luan River source water SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Environmental Health and Pollution Control CY OCT, 2006 CL Nanjing Univ Peoples R China, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Nanjing Univ Peoples R China DE Luan River; Sediment; Heavy metal; Ecological risk assessment ID POLLUTION; CHINA; SOILS; LEAD; FRACTIONATION; CONTAMINATION; MULTIVARIATE; SPECIATION; RESERVOIR; TOXICITY AB Distribution and characteristics of heavy metals enrichment in sediment were surveyed including the bio-available form analyzed for assessment of the Luan River source water quality. The approaches of sediment quality guidelines (SQG), risk assessment code and Hakanson potential ecological risk index were used for the ecological risk assessment. According to SQG, The results show that in animal bodies, Hg at the sampling site of Wuliehexia was 1.39 mg/kg, Cr at Sandaohezi was 152.37 mg/kg and Cu at Hanjiaying was 178.61 mg/kg exceeding the severe effect screening level. There were 90% of sampling sites of Cr and Pb and 50% sites of Cu exceeded the lowest effect screening level. At Boluonuo and Wuliehexia, the exchangeable and carbonate fractions for above 50% of sites were at high risk levels and that for above 30% of sites at Xiahenan and Wulieheshang were also at high risk levels. Other sites were at medium risk level. Compared to soil background values of China, Hg and Cd showed very strong ecological risk, and the seven heavy metals of Hg, Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Cr, Zn at ecological risk levels were in the descending order. The results could give insight into risk assessment of environmental pollution and decision-making for water source security. C1 [Liu, Jingling; Li, Yongli; Zhang, Bao; Cao, Jinling; Cao, Zhiguo] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Domagalski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Liu, Jingling; Li, Yongli; Zhang, Bao; Cao, Jinling; Cao, Zhiguo] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM jingling@bnu.edu.cn NR 42 TC 72 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 748 EP 758 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0345-y PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 466NS UT WOS:000267669500016 PM 19499329 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Ma, MY Zhang, FL Yang, ZF Domagalski, J AF Liu, Jingling Ma, Muyuan Zhang, Fengling Yang, Zhifeng Domagalski, Joseph TI The ecohealth assessment and ecological restoration division of urban water system in Beijing SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Environmental Health and Pollution Control CY OCT, 2006 CL Nanjing Univ Peoples R China, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Nanjing Univ Peoples R China DE Beihuan water system; Health; Diagnosis; Assessment ID RIVER HEALTH; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; RUNNING WATERS; INDEX; CLASSIFICATION; CHINA AB Evaluating six main rivers and six lakes in Beihuan water system (BWS) and diagnosing the limiting factors of eco-health were conducted for the ecohealth assessment and ecological restoration division of urban water system (UWS) for Beijing. The results indicated that Jingmi River and Nanchang River were in a healthy state, the degree of membership to unhealthy were 0.358, 0.392, respectively; while Yongding River, Beihucheng River, Liangma River, Tongzi River and six lakes were in an unhealthy state, their degree of membership to unhealthy were between 0.459 and 0.927. The order of that was Liangma > Beihucheng > Tongzi > Yongding > six lakes > Jingmi > Nanchang, in which Liangma Rivers of that was over 0.8. The problems of Rivers and lakes in BWS are different. Jingmi River and Nanchang River were ecotype limiting; Yongding River, Tongzi River and six lakes were water quality and ecotype limiting. Beihucheng River and Liangma River were water quantity, water quality and ecotype limiting. BWS could be divided into 3 restoration divisions, pollution control division including Yongding River, Tongzi River and six lakes; Jingmi River and Nanchang River were ecological restoration zone, while Beihucheng River and Liangma River were in comprehensive improvement zone. Restoration potentiality of Jingmi River and Nanchang River were higher, and Liangma River was hardest to restore. The results suggest a new idea to evaluate the impact of human and environmental factors on UWS. C1 [Liu, Jingling; Ma, Muyuan; Zhang, Fengling; Yang, Zhifeng] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Domagalski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM jingling@bnu.edu.cn NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 759 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0342-1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 466NS UT WOS:000267669500017 PM 19513828 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Zgliczynski, BJ Boland, RC Friedlander, AM AF DeMartini, Edward E. Zgliczynski, Brian J. Boland, Raymond C. Friedlander, Alan M. TI Influences of wind-wave exposure on the distribution and density of recruit reef fishes at Kure and Pearl and Hermes Atolls, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Reef fish recruitment; Labroids; Larval dispersal; Wind transport; Post-settlement factors; Habitat selection; Piscivory ID CORAL-REEF; PRESETTLEMENT FISHES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; LARVAL FISHES; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; ENDEMISM; PACIFIC; OCEAN; REPLENISHMENT AB This paper describes the results of a field survey designed to test the prediction that the density of benthic juveniles of shallow-reef fishes is greater on wind-wave "exposed" sectors of a pair of isolated oceanic atolls (Kure, Pearl and Hermes) at the far northwestern end of the Hawaiian Islands, an archipelago in which east-northeasterly trade winds dominate onshore water flow and transport by surface currents. The densities of recruits (juveniles a parts per thousand currency sign5 cm total length) were higher overall on windward versus leeward sectors of carbonate rock-rubble back reefs at both atolls, and the pattern was stronger for smaller (likely younger, more recently settled) recruits of four of the five most abundant species and the remainder pooled as an "Other" taxon. The windward-leeward disparity was four-fold greater at Pearl Hermes (the atoll with a three-fold longer perimeter) than at Kure. Resident predator biomass also was correlated with recruit densities, but habitat (benthic substratum) effects were generally weak. The distribution and abundance of recruits and juveniles of the primarily endemic reef fishes on shallow back reefs at these atolls appear partly influenced by relative rates of water flow over windward vs. leeward sectors of barrier reef and by the size, shape, and orientation of habitat parcels that filter out postlarval fishes with relatively weak swimming capabilities like labroids. Whole-reef geomorphology as well as fine-scale habitat heterogeneity and rugosity should be considered among the suite of many factors used to interpret observed spatial patterns of post-settlement juvenile fish distribution at atolls and perhaps some other tropical reefs. C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Boland, Raymond C.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2009 VL 85 IS 4 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9514-3 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 480XY UT WOS:000268771800010 ER PT J AU Silva, L Oliveira, M da Boit, KM Finkelman, RB AF Silva, L. F. O. Oliveira, M. L. S. da Boit, K. M. Finkelman, R. B. TI Characterization of Santa Catarina (Brazil) coal with respect to human health and environmental concerns SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Brazil coal mining; Health; Trace elements; The environment ID GEOLOGICAL CONTROLS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MINERAL MATTER; PARANA BASIN; SEAMS; RANK AB The current paper presents the concentration, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements of 13 coals from south Brazil. The samples were collected in the state of Santa Catarina. Chemical analyses and the high ash yields indicate that all studied coals are rich in mineral matter, with SiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) dominating as determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Quartz is the main mineral species and is associated with minor levels of feldspars, kaolinite, hematite, and iron-rich carbonates. The contents of trace elements, including As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Be, V, U, Zn, Li, Cu, Tl, and Ni, in coals were determined. A comparison of ranges and means of elemental concentrations in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and world coals shows that the ranges of most elements in Santa Catarina coal are very close to the usual worldwide concentration ranges in coal. C1 [Silva, L. F. O.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Organ, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Oliveira, M. L. S.] Univ S Santa Catarina, Dept Technol Sci & Accurate Sci, Tubarao, Santa Catarina, Brazil. [da Boit, K. M.] Univ Santiago, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Finkelman, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Silva, L (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Organ, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. EM felipeqma@yahoo.com.br NR 44 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD AUG PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1007/s10653-008-9200-y PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 466KN UT WOS:000267661200006 PM 18677575 ER PT J AU Vincent, KR Friedman, JM Griffin, ER AF Vincent, Kirk R. Friedman, Jonathan M. Griffin, Eleanor R. TI Erosional Consequence of Saltcedar Control SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bank stability; Erosion; LIDAR; Phreatophyte removal; Saltcedar control; Sediment transport ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; NEW-MEXICO; WATER SALVAGE; PECOS RIVER; RIO-GRANDE; CHANNEL; TAMARIX; RESTORATION; STABILITY AB Removal of nonnative riparian trees is accelerating to conserve water and improve habitat for native species. Widespread control of dominant species, however, can lead to unintended erosion. Helicopter herbicide application in 2003 along a 12-km reach of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico, eliminated the target invasive species saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), which dominated the floodplain, as well as the native species sandbar willow (Salix exigua Nuttall), which occurred as a fringe along the channel. Herbicide application initiated a natural experiment testing the importance of riparian vegetation for bank stability along this data-rich river. A flood three years later eroded about 680,000 m(3) of sediment, increasing mean channel width of the sprayed reach by 84%. Erosion upstream and downstream from the sprayed reach during this flood was inconsequential. Sand eroded from channel banks was transported an average of 5 km downstream and deposited on the floodplain and channel bed. Although vegetation was killed across the floodplain in the sprayed reach, erosion was almost entirely confined to the channel banks. The absence of dense, flexible woody stems on the banks reduced drag on the flow, leading to high shear stress at the toe of the banks, fluvial erosion, bank undercutting, and mass failure. The potential for increased erosion must be included in consideration of phreatophyte control projects. C1 [Vincent, Kirk R.; Griffin, Eleanor R.] US Geol Survey, WRD, BRR CR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Friedman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Griffin, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, BRR CR, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kvincent28@mac.com; freidmanj@usgs.gov; egriffin@usgs.gov OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the Central Region Integrated Science Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. LIDAR acquisition was overseen by Vivian Queija and carried out by Spectrum Mapping, LLC. Terry Waddle and Julie Roth assisted with the 2007 GPS survey, and Zack Bowen and Jason Kean assisted with the 2002 topographic surveys. Larry Benson, Chris Holmquist-Johnson, Ray Watts, Juliette Wilson, and four anonymous referees provided constructive reviews. Use of trade names or company names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9314-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BP UT WOS:000268492100002 PM 19548024 ER PT J AU Gunson, KE Clevenger, AP Ford, AT Bissonette, JA Hardy, A AF Gunson, Kari E. Clevenger, Anthony P. Ford, Adam T. Bissonette, John A. Hardy, Amanda TI A Comparison of Data Sets Varying in Spatial Accuracy Used to Predict the Occurrence of Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Banff National Park; Data collection; Mortality; Road ecology; Spatial accuracy; Ungulate; Variable selection; Wildlife-vehicle collision ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; INTERSTATE HIGHWAY; NATIONAL-PARKS; ACCIDENTS; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA; LOCATIONS; IMPACTS AB Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) pose a significant safety and conservation concern in areas where high-traffic roads are situated adjacent to wildlife habitat. Improving transportation safety, accurately planning highway mitigation, and identifying key habitat linkage areas may all depend on the quality of WVC data collection. Two common approaches to describe the location of WVCs are spatially accurate data derived from global positioning systems (GPS) or vehicle odometer measurements and less accurate road-marker data derived from reference points (e.g., mile-markers or landmarks) along the roadside. In addition, there are two common variable types used to predict WVC locations: (1) field-derived, site-specific measurements and (2) geographic information system (GIS)-derived information. It is unclear whether these different approaches produce similar results when attempting to identify and explain the location of WVCs. Our first objective was to determine and compare the spatial error found in road-marker data (in our case the closest mile-marker) and landmark-referenced data. Our second objective was to evaluate the performance of models explaining high- and low-probability WVC locations, using congruent, spatially accurate (< 3-m) and road-marker (< 800-m) response variables in combination with field- and GIS-derived explanatory variables. Our WVC data sets were comprised of ungulate collisions and were located along five major roads in the central Canadian Rocky Mountains. We found that spatial error (mean +/- A SD) was higher for WVC data referenced to nearby landmarks (516 +/- A 808 m) than for data referenced to the closest mile-marker data (401 +/- A 219 m). The top-performing model using the spatially accurate WVC locations contained all explanatory variable types, whereas GIS-derived variables were only influential in the best road-marker model and the spatially accurate reduced model. Our study showed that spatial error and sample size, using road-marker data for ungulate species, are important to consider for model output interpretation, which will impact the appropriate scale on which to apply modeling results. Using road-marker references < 1.6 km or GPS-derived data locations may represent an optimal compromise between data acquisition costs and analytical performance. C1 [Gunson, Kari E.] Ecokare Int, Toronto, ON M4E 1C0, Canada. [Clevenger, Anthony P.; Ford, Adam T.; Hardy, Amanda] Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources,Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Clevenger, AP (reprint author), 138 Birch Ave, Harvie Hts, AB T1W 2W2, Canada. EM kegunson@eco-kare.com; apclevenger@gmail.com NR 45 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9303-y PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BP UT WOS:000268492100006 PM 19452205 ER PT J AU Battaglin, WA Rice, KC Focazio, MJ Salmons, S Barry, RX AF Battaglin, William A. Rice, Karen C. Focazio, Michael J. Salmons, Sue Barry, Robert X. TI The occurrence of glyphosate, atrazine, and other pesticides in vernal pools and adjacent streams in Washington, DC, Maryland, Iowa, and Wyoming, 2005-2006 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Glyphosate; Nonindigenous plants; Pesticides; Vernal pools ID FROGS RANA-PIPIENS; 2 LIFE STAGES; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; VISION(R) HERBICIDE; FOREST WETLANDS; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; AMPHIBIAN LARVAE AB Vernal pools are sensitive environments that provide critical habitat for many species, including amphibians. These small water bodies are not always protected by pesticide label requirements for no-spray buffer zones, and the occurrence of pesticides in them is poorly documented. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of glyphosate, its primary degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid, and additional pesticides in vernal pools and adjacent flowing waters. Most sampling sites were chosen to be in areas where glyphosate was being used either in production agriculture or for nonindigenous plant control. The four site locations were in otherwise protected areas (e.g., in a National Park). When possible, water samples were collected both before and after glyphosate application in 2005 and 2006. Twenty-eight pesticides or pesticide degradation products were detected in the study, and as many as 11 were identified in individual samples. Atrazine was detected most frequently and concentrations exceeded the freshwater aquatic life standard of 1.8 micrograms per liter (mu g/l) in samples from Rands Ditch and Browns Ditch in DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge. Glyphosate was measured at the highest concentration (328 mu g/l) in a sample from Riley Spring Pond in Rock Creek National Park. This concentration exceeded the freshwater aquatic life standard for glyphosate of 65 mu g/l. Aminomethylphosphonic acid, triclopyr, and nicosulfuron also were detected at concentrations greater than 3.0 mu g/l. C1 [Battaglin, William A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Rice, Karen C.] US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Salmons, Sue] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Barry, Robert X.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alamo, TX 78516 USA. RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046 MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM wbattagl@usgs.gov RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX The authors are thankful of the support they received from the project collaborators who helped with site selection, sample collection, and other aspects of this project. The project collaborators included: Robin Jung, Priya Nanjappa, and Evan Grant, USGS, Laurel, MD; Betty Scribner, USGS, Lawrence, KS; Terry Cacek, NPS, Ft Collins, CO; Tiffany Parson, US FWS, Arlington, VA; Bill Yeaman and Ken Ferebee, NPS, VA; and Bob Barry, US FWS, IA. This project was supported by the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program http://toxics.usgs.gov/) and the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (http://armi.usgs.gov/). NR 88 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 281 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0435-y PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 469HL UT WOS:000267887000023 PM 18677547 ER PT J AU Schmutz, JA Trust, KA Matz, AC AF Schmutz, Joel A. Trust, Kimberly A. Matz, Angela C. TI Red-throated loons (Gavia stellata) breeding in Alaska, USA, are exposed to PCBs while on their Asian wintering grounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Red-throated loons; Metals; PCBs; Alaska ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; COMMON LOONS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PHALACROCORAX-CARBO; MIGRATORY BIRDS; WESTERN ALASKA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; EMPEROR GEESE; HEAVY-METALS AB Red-throated loons (Gavia stellata) breeding in Alaska declined 53% during 1977-1993. We compare concentrations of environmental contaminants in red-throated loons among four nesting areas in Alaska and discuss potential ramifications of exposure on reproductive success and population trends. Eggs from the four areas had similar total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations, but eggs from the Arctic coastal plain had different congener profiles and greater toxic equivalents (TEQs) than eggs from elsewhere. Satellite telemetry data indicate that red-throated loons from the Arctic coastal plain in northern Alaska winter in southeast Asia, while those breeding elsewhere in Alaska winter in North America. Different wintering areas may lead to differential PCB accumulation among red-throated loon populations. For eggs from the Arctic coastal plain, TEQs were great enough to postulate PCB-associated reproductive effects in piscivores. The correlation between migration patterns and PCB profiles suggests that red-throated loons breeding in northern Alaska are exposed to PCBs while on their Asian wintering grounds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Trust, Kimberly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Matz, Angela C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Schmutz, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jschmutz@usgs.gov; kim_trust@fws.gov; angela_matz@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Environmental Contaminants; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Management-Region 7; Western Arctic National Parklands; U.S. Geological Survey's Species at Risk; Park-Oriented Research; Quick Response programs; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX Funding support was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Environmental Contaminants program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Management-Region 7, Western Arctic National Parklands, U.S. Geological Survey's Species at Risk, Park-Oriented Research, and Quick Response programs, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. We are indebted to S. Earnst (ACP) and T. Fondell (Copper River), who graciously hosted us in their field camps and guided us to known nest and brood locations. Transport of personnel to field sites was accomplished by Chugach National Forest, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, and Western Arctic National Parklands. Many individuals helped with field efforts, including T. Arensberg, J. Ball, J. Beagley, N. Chelgren, P. Cotter, A. Gorrill, J. Kiesau, P. Lemons, D. Mather, D. Miller, S. Pavey, J. Reed, C. VanHemert, E. Wald, and M. Weiss. J. Pelayo compiled data sets for analysis. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG-SEP PY 2009 VL 157 IS 8-9 BP 2386 EP 2393 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.020 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465LM UT WOS:000267586200026 PM 19371988 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Hatzinger, PB Sturchio, NC Gu, BH Abbene, I Mroczkowski, SJ AF Bohlke, John Karl Hatzinger, Paul B. Sturchio, Neil C. Gu, Baohua Abbene, Irene Mroczkowski, Stanley J. TI Atacama Perchlorate as an Agricultural Contaminant in Groundwater: Isotopic and Chronologic Evidence from Long Island, New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; SANDY AQUIFER; HIGH-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; NITRATE; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; BIODEGRADATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a common groundwater constituent with both synthetic and natural sources. A potentially important source of ClO4- is past agricultural application of ClO4--bearingnatural NO3- fertilizer imported from the Atacama Desert, Chile, but evidence for this has been largely circumstantial. Here we report ClO4- stable isotope data (delta(CI)-C-37, delta O-18, and Delta O-17), along with other supporting chemical and isotopic environmental tracer data, to document groundwater ClO4- contamination sources and history in parts of Long Island, New York. Sampled groundwaters were oxic and ClO4- apparently was not affected by biodegradation within the aquifers. Synthetic ClO4- was indicated by the isotopic method in groundwater near a fireworks disposal site at a former missile base, Atacama ClO4- was indicated in agricultural and urbanizing areas in groundwaters with apparent ages >20 years. In an agricultural area, ClO4- concentrations and ClO4-/NO3- ratios increased with groundwater age, possibly because of decreasing application rates of Atacama NO3- fertilizers and/or decreasing ClO4- concentrations in Atacama NO3- fertilizers in recent years. Because ClO4-/NO3- ratios of Atacama NO3- fertilizers imported in the past (similar to 2 x 10(-3) mol mol(-1)) were much higher than the ClO4-/NO3- ratio of recommended drinking-water limits (7 X 10(-5) mol mol(-1) in New York), ClO4- could exceed drinking-water limits even where NO3- does not, and where Atacama NO3- was only a minor source of N. Groundwater ClO4- with distinctive isotopic composition was a sensitive indicator of past Atacama NO3- fertilizer use on Long Island and may be common in other areas that received NO3- fertilizers from the late 19th century through the 20th century. C1 [Mroczkowski, Stanley J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hatzinger, Paul B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Sturchio, Neil C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. [Abbene, Irene] US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 FU U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program [ER-0509, DE-AC05-0001122725]; USGS National Research Program in Water Resources; Suffolk County Department of Health Services,; Suffolk County Water Authority (SCWA) FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ER-0509), USGS National Research Program in Water Resources, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, and Suffolk County Water Authority (SCWA). Oak Ridge National Laboratory was managed by UT-Battelle TIC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-0001122725. Stephen Terracciano (USGS) and members of the SCWA contributed to planning and execution of the project. Andrew Jackson (Texas Tech University) provided low-level perchlorate concentration data. Linnea Heraty (University of Illinois at Chicago) measured Cl isotope ratios. Helpful reviews were provided by Andrew Jackson, Peter McMahon (USGS), and three anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5619 EP 5625 DI 10.1021/es9006433 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600014 PM 19731653 ER PT J AU Griffith, DR Barnes, RT Raymond, PA AF Griffith, David R. Barnes, Rebecca T. Raymond, Peter A. TI Inputs of Fossil Carbon from Wastewater Treatment Plants to US Rivers and Oceans. SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; C-14 DATA; FOOD WEB; FATE; ESTUARINE; MARINE; DOC; SEDIMENTS; ECOSYSTEM; ISOTOPES AB Every day more than 500 million cubic meters of treated wastewater are discharged into rivers, estuaries, and oceans, an amount slightly less than the average flow of the Danube River. Typically, wastewaters have high organic carbon [OC) concentrations and represent a large fraction of total river flow and a higher fraction of river OC in densely populated watersheds. Here, we report the first direct measurements of radiocarbon ((14)C) in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The radiocarbon ages of particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC) in effluent are old and relatively uniform across a range of WWTPs in New York and Connecticut. Wastewater DOC has a mean radiocarbon age of 1630 +/- 500 years B.P. and a mean delta(13)C of -26.0 +/- 1 parts per thousand. Mass balance calculations indicate that 25% of wastewater DOC is fossil carbon, which is likely derived from petroleum-based household products such as detergents and pharmaceuticals. These findings warrant reevaluation of the "apparent age" of riverine DOC, the total flux of petroleum carbon to U.S. oceans, and OC source assignments in waters impacted by sewage. C1 [Griffith, David R.; Barnes, Rebecca T.; Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Griffith, David R.] MIT WHOI Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Barnes, Rebecca T.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Griffith, DR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM griffdr@mit.edu RI Barnes, Rebecca/A-2659-2011; Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009 OI Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0403962, OCE-0526075]; Hudson River Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program [FP-91637501-2] FX We thank Kari Mull, Timothy Eglinton, and Ann McNichol for their generosity and expertise, as well as tile staff of the National Ocean Sciences AMS facility in Woods Hole, the NSF-Arizona AMS Laboratory, and the Yale Center for Stable Isotopic Studies. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-0403962 and OCE-0526075), the Hudson River Foundation (Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program (FP-91637501-2). NR 51 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5647 EP 5651 DI 10.1021/es9004043 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600018 PM 19731657 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Wilson, JT Musgrove, M Zaugg, SD Burkhardt, MR AF Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. Wilson, Jennifer T. Musgrove, Marylynn Zaugg, Steven D. Burkhardt, Mark R. TI Fipronil and its Degradates in Indoor and Outdoor Dust SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOUSE-DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; FIELD; PESTICIDES; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY; CHILDREN; HAZARDS AB Fipronil is a potent insecticide used for control of termites, fleas, roaches, ants, and other posts. We measured fipronil, fipronil sulfide, and desulfinyl fipronil concentrations in indoor and outdoor dust from 24 residences in Austin, Texas. At least one of these three fipronil compounds was detected in every sample. Fipronil accounted for most of the total fipronil (T-fipronil; fipronil + desulfinylfipronil + fipronil sulfide), followed by desulfinyl fipronil and fipronil sulfide, Nineteen of 24 samples of indoor dust had T-fipronil concentrations less than 270 mu g/kg; the remaining five had concentrations from 1320 to 14,200 mu g/kg. All three of the residences with a dog on which a flea-control product containing fipronil was used were among the five residences with elevated fipronil concentrations. In outdoor dust all concentrations of T-fipronil were less than 70 mu g/kg with one exception (430 mu g/kg). For every residence, the concentration of T-fipronil in indoor dust exceeded that in outdoor dust and the median concentration of T-fipronil was 15 times higher indoors than outdoors. C1 [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.; Wilson, Jennifer T.; Musgrove, Marylynn] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Zaugg, Steven D.; Burkhardt, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80403 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864; Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5665 EP 5670 DI 10.1021/es901292a PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600021 PM 19731660 ER PT J AU Miles, AK Ricca, MA Anthony, RG Estes, JA AF Miles, A. Keith Ricca, Mark A. Anthony, Robert G. Estes, James A. TI ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS IN FISHES FROM COASTAL WATERS WEST OF AMUKTA PASS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fishes; Organochlorines; Polychlorinated biphenyls congeners; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; Stable isotopes ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; BALD EAGLES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; BERING SEA; ARCHIPELAGO; RESIDUES; SEABIRDS; NITROGEN; CARBON; GULF AB Organochlorines were examined in liver and stable isotopes in muscle of fishes from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, in relation to islands or locations affected by military occupation. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and rock greenling (Hexagrammos lagocephalus) were collected from nearshore waters at contemporary (decommissioned) and historical (World War II) military locations, as well as at reference locations. Total (Sigma) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dominated the suite of organochlorine groups (Sigma DDTs, Sigma chlordane cyclodienes, Sigma other cyclodienes, and Sigma chlorinated benzenes and cyclohexanes) detected in fishes at all locations, followed by Sigma DDTs and Sigma chlordanes; dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'DDE) composed 52 to 66% of Sigma DDTs by species. Organochlorine concentrations were higher or similar in cod compared to halibut and lowest in greenling; they were among the highest for fishes in Arctic or near Arctic waters. Organochlorine group concentrations varied among species and locations, but Sigma PCB concentrations in all species were consistently higher at military locations than at reference locations. Moreover, all organochlorine group concentrations were higher in halibut from military locations than those from reference locations. A wide range of molecular weight organochlorines was detected at all locations, which implied regional or long-range transport and deposition, as well as local point-source contamination. Furthermore, a preponderance of higher-chlorinated PCB congeners in fishes from contemporary military islands implied recent exposure. Concentrations in all organochlorine groups increased with delta(15)N enrichment in fishes, and analyses of residual variation provided further evidence of different sources of Sigma PCBs and p,p'DDE among species and locations. C1 [Miles, A. Keith; Ricca, Mark A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Miles, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM keith_miles@usgs.gov FU John Muir Institute for the Environment, University of California, Davis FX Sincere thanks to those that assisted with logistics, sampling, and sample preparation, including University of California, Santa Cruz: E. Danner, M. Edwards, M. Kenner, B. Konar, S. Reisewitz, J. Watson, T. Tinker, and J. Tinker; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge: D. Boone, J. Williams, V. Byrd, and K. Bell (posthumous); U. S. Geological Survey: J. Bodkin, G. Esslinger, B. Hatfield, A. Meckstroth, S. Reese, and S. Spring; University of Utah: W. Jarman; and volunteers G. Silovsky, C. Meslow, and E. Forsman. Thanks to A. Meckstroth, M. Sakai, S. Spring, and J. Yee for helpful comments on the manuscript. The present study was supported with funding from the USFWS Ecological Services Office: A. Rappaporte and S. Devries; and the U. S. Navy: M. Murphy. Thanks to the John Muir Institute for the Environment, University of California, Davis, for on-campus support. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1643 EP 1654 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 470WX UT WOS:000268014200010 PM 19374473 ER PT J AU Sparling, DW Fellers, GM AF Sparling, Donald W. Fellers, Gary M. TI TOXICITY OF TWO INSECTICIDES TO CALIFORNIA, USA, ANURANS AND ITS RELEVANCE TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Endosulfan; Chlorpyrifos; Amphibian population declines; Rana boylii; Pseudacris regilla ID CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; NEVADA MOUNTAIN-RANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; TADPOLES; FROG; CHLORPYRIFOS; ENDOSULFAN; DISAPPEARANCE; MALATHION AB Contaminants have been associated with population declines of several amphibian species in California ( USA). Pesticides from the Central Valley of California are transported by winds into the Sierra Nevada Mountains and precipitate into wet meadows where amphibians breed. The present study examined the chronic toxicity of two of the insecticides most commonly used in the Central Valley and found in the mountains, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan, to larval Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) and foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) and discusses the implications of this toxicity to declining amphibian populations. Larvae were exposed to the pesticides from Gosner stages 25 to 26 through metamorphosis. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) for chlorpyrifos was 365 mu g/L in P. regilla and 66.5 mu g/L for R. boylii. Time to metamorphosis increased with concentration of chlorpyrifos in both species, and cholinesterase activity declined with exposure concentration in metamorphs of both species at Gosner stages 42 to 46. For endosulfan, the estimated LC50 was 15.6 mu g/L for P. regilla and 0.55 mu g/L for R. boylii. All R. boylii exposed to concentrations of greater than 0.8 mu g/L died before they entered metamorphosis. Pseudacris regilla remains relatively abundant and is broadly distributed throughout California. In contrast, R. boylii is among the species experiencing severe population declines. The present study adds to the increasing evidence that pesticides are very harmful to amphibians living in areas that are miles from sources of pesticide application. C1 [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Fellers, Gary M.] Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Pt Reyes, CA 94956 USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM dsparl@siu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Hui-lin Ju for their assistance in the field, laboratory, and in chemical analyses. Julie Lee and Thomas Suchanek provided excellent comments on an earlier draft. Funding for the project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 40 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1696 EP 1703 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 470WX UT WOS:000268014200016 PM 19290680 ER PT J AU Murie, DJ Parkyn, DC Nico, LG Herod, JJ Loftus, WF AF Murie, D. J. Parkyn, D. C. Nico, L. G. Herod, J. J. Loftus, W. F. TI Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age validation; branchiostegal ray; Lepisosteus platyrhincus; sexual dimorphism ID LEPISOSTEUS-OCULATUS; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; WHITE GRUNT; SPOTTED GAR; VARIABILITY; DEMOGRAPHY; LOUISIANA; COAST; FISH AB P>Florida gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay, were sampled in two canal systems in south Florida during 2000-2001 to estimate age, growth and mortality as part of the Everglades ecosystem-restoration effort. Tamiami (C-4) and L-31W canal systems had direct connections to natural wetlands of the Everglades and harboured large Florida gar populations. Of 476 fish aged, maximum ages were 19 and 10 years for females and males, respectively. Maximum sizes were also larger for females compared with males (817 vs 602 mm total length). Overall, female Florida gar from both Tamiami and L-31W were larger at age than males from L-31W that, in turn, were larger at any given age than males from Tamiami. Females also had lower rates of annual mortality (Z = 0.21) than males from L-31W (Z = 0.31) or males from Tamiami (Z = 0.54). As a large and long-lived apex predator in the Everglades, Florida gar may structure lower trophic levels. Regional- and sex-specific population parameters for Florida gar will contribute to the simulation models designed to evaluate Everglades restoration alternatives. C1 [Murie, D. J.; Parkyn, D. C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Nico, L. G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Herod, J. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Invas Species Program, Honolulu, HI USA. [Loftus, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL USA. RP Murie, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Food & Agr Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM dmurie@ufl.edu FU US Geological Survey's South Florida; University of Florida FX Many individuals provided assistance with this project. We are especially grateful to G. R. Best, M. Brown, C. Diel, D. Elswick, P. George, G. Hill, H. Jelks, E. Leonard, R. Lewis, M. Perry and A. Torres. Others helping with field work included L. Albert, F. Aranzamendi, A. Benson, J. Curnutt, D. Doroshef, K. Fitzpatrick, N. Flavin, T. L. Fullbright, P. Fuller, G. Hogue, S. Howarter, J. Kline, A. Martin, M. Raley, E. Rolla, W. Starnes, R. Taylor, J. Williams and S. Vincent. S. Bostick assisted in formatting the manuscript. Funding and administration for this study was provided by G. Ronnie Best through the US Geological Survey's South Florida Place-based Science Program, the US Geological Survey-Florida Integrated Science Center and the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, IFAS, University of Florida. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00678.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 469FR UT WOS:000267881800007 ER PT J AU Sanderson, TB Hubert, WA AF Sanderson, T. B. Hubert, W. A. TI Movements by adult cutthroat trout in a lotic system: implications for watershed-scale management SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barriers; fragmentation; habitat; migration; movements; telemetry ID SUMMER STREAM TEMPERATURES; SNAKE RIVER; HABITAT USE; SPAWNING ECOLOGY; SPRING STREAMS; TRANSMITTERS; HYPOTHESIS; MONTANA; ICE AB P>Movements by adult cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson), were assessed from autumn to summer in the Salt River watershed, Wyoming-Idaho, USA by radio telemetry. Adult cutthroat trout were captured during September and October 2005 in the main stem of the Salt River, surgically implanted with radio transmitters, and tracked through to August 2006. Adult cutthroat trout were relatively sedentary and resided primarily in pools from October to March, but their movement rates increased during April. Higher movement rates were observed among tagged fish during May and early June. Among 43 fish residing in the Salt River during April 2006, 44% remained in the river, 37% moved into mountain tributaries and 19% moved into spring streams during the spawning season. Fish did not use segments of mountain tributaries or the upstream Salt River where fish passage was blocked by anthropogenic barriers or the channel was dewatered during summer. Almost all the fish that moved into spring streams used spring streams where pools and gravel-cobble riffles had been constructed by landowners. The results suggest that adult Snake River cutthroat move widely during May and early June to use spawning habitat in mountain tributaries and improved spring streams. Maintaining the ability of adult fish to move into mountain streams with spawning habitat, preserving spawning habitat in accessible mountain tributaries and removing barriers to upstream movements, and re-establishing summer stream flows in mountain tributaries affected by dams appear to be habitat management alternatives to preserve the Snake River cutthroat trout fishery in the Salt River. C1 [Hubert, W. A.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, US Geol Survey, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu FU State Wildlife Grants programme FX We thank K. Gelwicks, R. Gipson, D. Rhea, L. Sweeney, T. Stephens and R. Whaley with the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for their help in planning the project and conducting the field work; C. Frome for his hard work and reliability during the summer field work; and A. Larson and L. Ohler for their administrative assistance. The research was funded by the State Wildlife Grants programme through the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Any use of trade, product or firm names was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00669.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 469FR UT WOS:000267881800009 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Kocovsky, PM Adams, JV AF Stapanian, Martin A. Kocovsky, Patrick M. Adams, Jean V. TI Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Akaike's Information Criterion; diel catchability; Dreissena spp.; Lake Erie; yellow perch Perca flavescens ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; ZEBRA MUSSEL; GREAT-LAKES; ONEIDA LAKE; POLYMORPHA PALLAS; PREDATORY FISH; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-QUALITY; NEW-YORK; IMPACTS AB 1. Non-native mussels have increased water clarity in many lakes and streams in North America and Europe. Diel variation in catchability of some fish species has been linked to visibility during survey trawls (used to measure escapement). 2. Water clarity increased in nearshore areas of western Lake Erie by the early 1990s, following passage of legislation in 1972 to improve water quality (e. g. reduce phosphorus loading) and the invasion of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena spp.) beginning in 1987. 3. We hypothesised that increased water clarity in Lake Erie resulted in decreased catchability of young-of-year (age-0) yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) during daylight compared to during night. We used a two-tiered modelling approach to test this hypothesis on the ratio (R) of catch per hour (CPH) during night to CPH during daylight in bottom trawl surveys conducted during 1961-2005. 4. First, we examined seven a priori models. The first model, the 'null' model, represented no change in R over time. Three more models tested whether the timing of the change in R was associated with passage of water quality legislation only, dreissenids only (two-period models) and both legislation and dreissenids (three-periodmodels). Three additional models included a 3-year lag before the effects of legislation, dreissenids or both occurred. Secondly, all possible two- and three-period models with a minimum of 2 years per time period were explored a posteriori. The a posteriori procedure determined the temporal transitions to higher R that were best supported by the data, without regard to a priori hypotheses. 5. Night CPH was greater than daylight CPH in 3 of 11 years during 1961-72, in 10 of 15 years during 1973-87, and in 14 of 18 years during 1988-2005. During 1991-2005 night CPH exceeded daylight CPH in all years except one, and night CPH was more than twice daylight CPH in 10 years during this period. 6. The best a priori model had two periods, with a break between 1990 and 1991, corresponding to 3 years after the dreissenid invasion. Similarly, the best two- and three-period a posteriori models both had breaks between 1990 and 1991. The results supported our hypothesis that age-0 yellow perch exhibited a transition to lower catchability during daylight compared to night, and the timing of the transition coincided with the establishment of dreissenid mussels. 7. The most plausible mechanism for our results was increased visibility of the trawl during daylight, resulting in increased avoidance of the trawl. These results have potential applications wherever non-native mussels have increased water clarity. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1593 EP 1604 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 468PK UT WOS:000267831300001 ER PT J AU Henebry, GM Richardson, AD Breshears, DD Abatzoglou, J Fisher, JI Graham, EA Hanes, JM Knapp, A Liang, L Wilson, BE Morisette, JT AF Henebry, G. M. Richardson, A. D. Breshears, D. D. Abatzoglou, J. Fisher, J. I. Graham, E. A. Hanes, J. M. Knapp, A. Liang, L. Wilson, B. E. Morisette, J. T. TI Phenological trend estimation: a reply to Sagarin SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [Henebry, G. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Richardson, A. D.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Breshears, D. D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Abatzoglou, J.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Fisher, J. I.] Synapse Energy Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Graham, E. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hanes, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Knapp, A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Liang, L.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [Wilson, B. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Morisette, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Henebry, GM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Geoffrey.Henebry@sdstate.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Abatzoglou, John/C-7635-2012; Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750; Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; Graham, Eric/0000-0002-7495-4056; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 7 IS 6 BP 296 EP 296 DI 10.1890/09.WB.021 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480WF UT WOS:000268767000016 ER PT J AU Wittkop, CA Teranes, JL Dean, WE Guilderson, TP AF Wittkop, Chad A. Teranes, Jane L. Dean, Walter E. Guilderson, Thomas P. TI A lacustrine carbonate record of Holocene seasonality and climate SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; MICHIGAN; VARIABILITY; INSOLATION; SYSTEM; CYCLE; EVENT; LEVEL; USA AB Annually laminated (varved) Holocene sediments from Derby Lake, Michigan, display variations in endogenic calcite abundance reflecting a long-term (millennial-scale) decrease in burial punctuated with frequent short-term (decadal-scale) oscillations due to carbonate dissolution. Since 6000 cal yr B. P., sediment carbonate abundance has followed a decreasing trend while organic-carbon abundance has increased. The correlation between organic-carbon abundance and the sum of March-April-October-November insolation has an r(2) value of 0.58. We interpret these trends to represent a precession-driven lengthening of the Holocene growing season that has reduced calcite burial by enhancing net annual organic-matter production and associated calcite dissolution. Correlations with regional paleoclimate records suggest that changes in temperature and moisture balance have impacted the distribution of short-term oscillations in carbonate and organic-matter abundance superimposed on the precession-driven trends. C1 [Wittkop, Chad A.] Minnesota State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. [Teranes, Jane L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Geol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wittkop, CA (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. EM chad.wittkop@mnsu.edu FU National Science Foundation-Division of Atmospheric Sciences [NSF-ATM 9980380]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation-Division of Atmospheric Sciences grant NSF-ATM 9980380 (to Kerry Kelts), and by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program (Dean). Discussions with Thomas C. Johnson and H. E. Wright Jr. shaped key portions of this work. We thank David Chapman, Lesleigh Anderson, Randy Schumann, and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved the manuscript significantly. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 8 BP 695 EP 698 DI 10.1130/G30056A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 477DR UT WOS:000268498600006 ER PT J AU Swayze, GA Kokaly, RF Higgins, CT Clinkenbeard, JP Clark, RN Lowers, HA Sutley, SJ AF Swayze, G. A. Kokaly, R. F. Higgins, C. T. Clinkenbeard, J. P. Clark, R. N. Lowers, H. A. Sutley, S. J. TI Mapping potentially asbestos-bearing rocks using imaging spectroscopy SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB Rock and soil that may contain naturally occurring asbestos (NOA), a known human carcinogen, were mapped in the Sierra Nevada, California, using the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to determine if these materials could be uniquely identified with spectroscopy. Such information can be used to prepare or refine maps of areas that may contain minerals that can be asbestiform, such as serpentine and tremolite-actinolite, which were the focus of this study. Although thick vegetation can conceal underlying rock and soil, use of linear-mixture spectra calculated from spectra of dry grass and serpentine allowed detection of serpentine in some parts of the study area with up to similar to 80% dry-grass cover. Chaparral vegetation, which was dominantly, but not exclusively, found in areas underlain by serpentinized ultramafic rocks, was also mapped. Overall, field checking at 201 sites indicated highly accurate identification by AVIRIS of mineral (94%) and vegetation (89%) categories. Practical applications of AVIRIS to mapping areas that may contain NOA include locating roads that are surfaced with serpentine aggregate, identifying sites that may require enhanced dust control or other safety measures, and filling gaps in geologic mapping where field access is limited. C1 [Swayze, G. A.; Kokaly, R. F.; Clark, R. N.; Lowers, H. A.; Sutley, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Higgins, C. T.; Clinkenbeard, J. P.] Calif Geol Survey, Calif Dept Conservat, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Swayze, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 8 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.1130/G30114A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 477DR UT WOS:000268498600023 ER PT J AU Barall, M AF Barall, Michael TI A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake dynamics; Computational seismology ID CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; ROCK FRICTION; SIMULATIONS; CRACK AB P>We present a new finite-element technique for calculating dynamic 3-D spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault, which can reduce the required computational resources by a factor of six or more, without loss of accuracy. The grid-doubling technique employs small cells in a thin layer surrounding the fault. The remainder of the modelling volume is filled with larger cells, typically two or four times as large as the small cells. In the resulting non-conforming mesh, an interpolation method is used to join the thin layer of smaller cells to the volume of larger cells. Grid-doubling is effective because spontaneous rupture calculations typically require higher spatial resolution on and near the fault than elsewhere in the model volume. The technique can be applied to non-planar faults by morphing, or smoothly distorting, the entire mesh to produce the desired 3-D fault geometry. Using our FaultMod finite-element software, we have tested grid-doubling with both slip-weakening and rate-and-state friction laws, by running the SCEC/USGS 3-D dynamic rupture benchmark problems. We have also applied it to a model of the Hayward fault, Northern California, which uses realistic fault geometry and rock properties. FaultMod implements fault slip using common nodes, which represent motion common to both sides of the fault, and differential nodes, which represent motion of one side of the fault relative to the other side. We describe how to modify the traction-at-split-nodes method to work with common and differential nodes, using an implicit time stepping algorithm. C1 [Barall, Michael] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barall, Michael] Invisible Software Inc, San Jose, CA USA. RP Barall, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mbinv@invisiblesoft.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; Earthquake Hazards Program FX Development of FaultMod is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program. Some of the computation is supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center and by the University of Southern California Center for High-Performance Computing and Communications. The author thanks Ruth Harris and Joe Andrews for many helpful discussions and suggestions. And also thanks Joe Andrews, Robert Simpson, and an anonymous reviewer for reviewing the manuscript. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 178 IS 2 BP 845 EP 859 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04190.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 471JN UT WOS:000268053700018 ER PT J AU Walls, SC AF Walls, Susan C. TI The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Appalachian Mountains; climate; distribution; elevation shifts; hybrid zone; Plethodon shermani; Plethodon teyahalee; precipitation; salamanders; temperature ID BLUE-RIDGE MOUNTAINS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; FOREST ROADS; GENE FLOW; PLETHODON; TERRESTRIAL; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; DISEASE AB I examined the potential influence of climate change on the dynamics of a previously studied hybrid zone between a pair of terrestrial salamanders at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, in the Nantahala Mountains of North Carolina, USA. A 16-year study led by Nelson G. Hairston, Sr. revealed that Plethodon teyahalee and Plethodon shermani hybridized at intermediate elevations, forming a cline between 'pure' parental P. teyahalee at lower elevations and 'pure' parental P. shermani at higher elevations. From 1974 to 1990 the proportion of salamanders at the higher elevation scored as 'pure' P. shermani declined significantly, indicating that the hybrid zone was spreading upward. To date there have been no rigorous tests of hypotheses for the movement of this hybrid zone. Using temperature and precipitation data from Coweeta, I re-analyzed Hairston's data to examine whether the observed elevational shift was correlated with variation in either air temperature or precipitation from the same time period. For temperature, my analysis tracked the results of the original study: the proportion of 'pure' P. shermani at the higher elevation declined significantly with increasing mean annual temperature, whereas the proportion of 'pure' P. teyahalee at lower elevations did not. There was no discernable relationship between proportions of 'pure' individuals of either species with variation in precipitation. From 1974 to 1990, low-elevation air temperatures at the Coweeta Laboratory ranged from annual means of 11.8 to 14.2 degrees C, compared with a 55-year average (1936-1990) of 12.6 degrees C. My re-analyses indicate that the upward spread of the hybrid zone is correlated with increasing air temperatures, but not precipitation, and provide an empirical test of a hypothesis for one factor that may have influenced this movement. My results aid in understanding the potential impact that climate change may have on the ecology and evolution of terrestrial salamanders in montane regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM susan_walls@usgs.gov OI Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-9632854]; US Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX Climate data were collected by the US Forest Service, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, supported by the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research grant (DEB-9632854) from the US National Science Foundation. I thank personnel at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory for permission to use their data. I thank Blackwell Publishing and R.H. Wiley for permission to use and modify material from the original Hairston et al.. (1992) publication. This research was funded by the US Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. I thank W.J. Barichivich, P.S. Corn, C.K. Dodd, Jr., M. Griffey, E.B. Harper, R.G. Jaeger, K. Langdon, J.J. Lawler, J.C. Mitchell, D.H. Olson and J.H.K. Pechmann for insightful discussions and suggestions. I respectfully acknowledge the pioneering research of Nelson G. Hairston, Sr. (1917-2008) and his contributions to knowledge about the ecology and evolution of salamanders in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1903 EP 1910 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01867.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466XL UT WOS:000267698400005 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Guntenspergen, GR Morris, JT AF Kirwan, Matthew L. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Morris, James T. TI Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; climate; sea level; temperature; warming; wetland ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GEORGIA SALT-MARSH; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TIDAL MARSH; CO2; GROWTH; BAY; TEMPERATURES; CORDGRASS; ELEVATION AB Marshes worldwide are actively degrading in response to increased sea level rise rates and reduced sediment delivery, though the growth rate of vegetation plays a critical role in determining their stability. We have compiled 56 measurements of aboveground annual productivity for Spartina alterniflora, the dominant macrophyte in North American coastal wetlands. Our compilation indicates a significant latitudinal gradient in productivity, which we interpret to be determined primarily by temperature and/or the length of growing season. Simple linear regression yields a 27 g m(-2) yr(-1) increase in productivity with an increase of mean annual temperature by 1 degrees C. If temperatures warm 2-4 degrees C over the next century, then marsh productivity may increase by 10-40%, though physiological research suggests that increases in the north could potentially be offset by some decreases in the south. This increase in productivity is roughly equivalent to estimates of marsh lost due to future sea level change. If a warming-induced stimulation of vegetation growth will enhance vertical accretion and limit erosion, then the combined effects of global change may be to increase the total productivity and ecosystem services of tidal wetlands, at least in northern latitudes. C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Morris, James T.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mkirwan@usgs.gov RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011 FU USGS Global Change Research Program; National Science Foundation [OCE 0423565, DEB 0316429] FX We appreciate the helpful reviews of Johan van de Koppel and an anonymous reviewer. This work was supported by the USGS Global Change Research Program and the National Science Foundation (OCE 0423565 and DEB 0316429). NR 49 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 11 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1982 EP 1989 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01834.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466XL UT WOS:000267698400010 ER PT J AU Stiles, BW Hensley, S Gim, Y Bates, DM Kirk, RL Hayes, A Radebaugh, J Lorenz, RD Mitchell, KL Callahan, PS Zebker, H Johnson, WTK Wall, SD Lunine, JI Wood, CA Janssen, M Pelletier, F West, RD Veeramacheneni, C AF Stiles, Bryan W. Hensley, Scott Gim, Yonggyu Bates, David M. Kirk, Randolph L. Hayes, Alex Radebaugh, Jani Lorenz, Ralph D. Mitchell, Karl L. Callahan, Philip S. Zebker, Howard Johnson, William T. K. Wall, Stephen D. Lunine, Jonathan I. Wood, Charles A. Janssen, Michael Pelletier, Frederic West, Richard D. Veeramacheneni, Chandini CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Determining Titan surface topography from Cassini SAR data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Radar observations ID RADAR AB A technique, referred to as SARTopo, has been developed for obtaining surface height estimates with 10 km horizontal resolution and 75 m vertical resolution of the surface of Titan along each Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) swath. We describe the technique and present maps of the co-located data sets. A global map and regional maps of Xanadu and the northern hemisphere hydrocarbon lakes district are included in the results. A strength of the technique is that it provides topographic information co-located with SAR imagery. Having a topographic context vastly improves the interpretability of the SAR imagery and is essential for understanding Titan. SARTopo is capable of estimating surface heights for most of the SAR-imaged surface of Titan. Currently nearly 30% of the surface is within 100 km of a SARTopo height profile. Other competing techniques provide orders of magnitude less coverage. We validate the SARTopo technique through comparison with known geomorphological features such as mountain ranges and craters, and by comparison with co-located nadir altimetry, including a 3000 km strip that had been observed by SAR a month earlier. In this area, the SARTopo and nadir altimetry data sets are co-located tightly (within 5-10 km for one 500 km section), have similar resolution, and as expected agree closely in surface height. Furthermore the region contains prominent high spatial resolution topography, so it provides an excellent test of the resolution and precision of both techniques. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stiles, Bryan W.; Hensley, Scott; Gim, Yonggyu; Bates, David M.; Mitchell, Karl L.; Callahan, Philip S.; Johnson, William T. K.; Wall, Stephen D.; Janssen, Michael; Pelletier, Frederic; West, Richard D.; Veeramacheneni, Chandini] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hayes, Alex] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Zebker, Howard] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zebker, Howard] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lunine, Jonathan I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wood, Charles A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Ctr Educ Technol, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. RP Stiles, BW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Bryan.W.Stiles@jpl.nasa.gov RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 14 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2009 VL 202 IS 2 BP 584 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.032 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 474GW UT WOS:000268271600017 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Lyapustin, AI Privette, JL Morisette, JT Holben, B AF Wang, Yujie Lyapustin, Alexei I. Privette, Jeffery L. Morisette, Jeffery T. Holben, Brent TI Atmospheric Correction at AERONET Locations: A New Science and Validation Data Set SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; remote sensing ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER PROBLEM; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; NON-LAMBERTIAN SURFACE; GREENS-FUNCTION METHOD; MODIS-LAI PRODUCT; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; ALBEDO; REFLECTANCE; RETRIEVAL AB This paper describes an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)-based Surface Reflectance Validation Network (ASRVN) and its data set of spectral surface bidirectional reflectance and albedo based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) TERRA and AQUA data. The ASRVN is an operational data collection and processing system. It receives 50 x 50 km(2) subsets of MODIS level 1B (L1B) data from MODIS adaptive processing system and AERONET aerosol and water-vapor information. Then, it performs an atmospheric correction (AC) for about 100 AERONET sites based on accurate radiative-transfer theory with complex quality control of the input data. The ASRVN processing software consists of an L1B data gridding algorithm, a new cloud-mask (CM) algorithm based on a time-series analysis, and an AC algorithm using ancillary AERONET aerosol and water-vapor data. The AC is achieved by fitting the MODIS top-of-atmosphere measurements, accumulated for a 16-day interval, with theoretical reflectance parameterized in terms of the coefficients of the Li Sparse-Ross Thick (LSRT) model of the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF). The ASRVN takes several steps to ensure high quality of results: 1) the filtering of opaque clouds by a CM algorithm; 2) the development of an aerosol filter to filter residual semitransparent and subpixel clouds, as well as cases with high inhomogeneity of aerosols in the processing area; 3) imposing the requirement of the consistency of the new solution with previously retrieved BRF and albedo; 4) rapid adjustment of the 16-day retrieval to the surface changes using the last day of measurements; and 5) development of a seasonal backup spectral BRF database to increase data coverage. The ASRVN provides a gapless or near-gapless coverage for the processing area. The gaps, caused by clouds, are filled most naturally with the latest solution for a given pixel. The ASRVN products include three parameters of the LSRT model (k(L), k(G), and k(V)), surface albedo, normalized BRF (computed for a standard viewing geometry, VZA = 0 degrees, SZA = 45 degrees), and instantaneous BRF (or one-angle BRF value derived from the last day of MODIS measurement for specific viewing geometry) for the MODIS 500-m bands 1-7. The results are produced daily at a resolution of 1 km in gridded format. We also provide a cloud mask, a quality flag, and a browse bitmap image. The ASRVN data set, including 6 years of MODIS TERRA and 1.5 years of MODIS AQUA data, is available now as a standard MODIS product (MODASRVN) which can be accessed through the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System website (http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/search.html). It can be used for a wide range of applications including validation analysis and science research. C1 [Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei I.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei I.; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Privette, Jeffery L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Satellite & Informat Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Morisette, Jeffery T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU NASA; NPP FX The work of A. I. Lyapustin and Y. Wang was supported by NASA EOS Science (Dr. D. Wickland) and NPP (Dr. J. Gleason) Grants. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2450 EP 2466 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2016334 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 472XM UT WOS:000268166500005 ER PT J AU Kolker, A Panov, BS Panov, YB Landa, ER Conko, KM Korchemagin, VA Shendrik, T McCord, JD AF Kolker, Allan Panov, Boris S. Panov, Yuri B. Landa, Edward R. Conko, Kathryn M. Korchemagin, Viktor A. Shendrik, Tatiana McCord, Jamey D. TI Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Coal; Ukraine; Mine water; Surface water; Trace elements ID SEISMIC-REFLECTION; BASIN; GEOCHEMISTRY; PALEOECOLOGY; BIOMARKERS; EVOLUTION; FOLDBELT; CINNABAR; MODES; SEAMS AB Mercury-rich coals in the Donets Basin (Donbas region) of Ukraine were sampled in active underground mines to assess the levels of potentially harmful elements and the potential for dispersion of metals through use of this coal. For 29 samples representing c(11) to m(3) Carboniferous coals, mercury contents range from 0.02 to 3.5 ppm (whole-coal dry basis). Mercury is well correlated with pyritic sulfur (0.01 to 3.2 wt.%), with an r(2) of 0.614 (one outlier excluded). Sulfides in these samples show enrichment of minor constituents in late-stage pyrite formed as a result of interaction of coal with hydrothermal fluids. Mine water sampled at depth and at surface collection points does not show enrichment of trace metals at harmful levels, indicating pyrite stability at subsurface conditions. Four samples of coal exposed in the defunct open-cast Nikitovka mercury mines in Gorlovka have extreme mercury contents of 12.8 to 25.5 ppm. This coal was formerly produced as a byproduct of extracting sandstone-hosted cinnabar ore. Access to these workings is unrestricted and small amounts of extreme mercury-rich coal are collected for domestic use, posing a limited human health hazard. More widespread hazards are posed by the abandoned Nikitovka mercury Processing plant, the extensive mercury mine tailings, and mercury enrichment of soils extending into residential areas of Gorlovka. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kolker, Allan; Landa, Edward R.; Conko, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Panov, Boris S.; Panov, Yuri B.; Korchemagin, Viktor A.; Shendrik, Tatiana] Donetsk Natl Tech Univ, Dept Mineral Deposits & Ecol Geol, UA-83000 Donetsk, Ukraine. [McCord, Jamey D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kolker, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM akolker@usgs.gov OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921 FU NATO Science Program [977829]; U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation [UKG1-2633-GO-04] FX Field visits to Ukraine in 2001 and 2005 were supported by grants from the NATO Science Program (Collaborative Linkage Grant 977829) and the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (Cooperative Grant UKG1-2633-GO-04), awarded jointly to Allan Kolker, USGS and Prof. Boris S. Panov, Donetsk National Technical University. Analytical results for coal samples were obtained as part of the following USGS project work - World Coal Quality, and Health Effects of Energy Resources. Curtis Palmer, Casey Soniera, Joe East, and Eric Morrissey (USGS) helped with aspects of manuscript preparation. We thank Prof. Vitaliy Privalov (Donetsk National Technical University) who helped provide information on mine names and locations. Initial reviews by Curtis Palmer and Sue Tewalt (USGS) helped improve the manuscript, as did reviews by two journal reviewers. We are grateful to the operators of the Glubokaya, Oktyabrskaya, and Artema mines for allowing us underground, and to the other mines for providing the sample material. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 479HG UT WOS:000268649700003 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Dewan, A Royle, JA AF Zipkin, Elise F. DeWan, Amielle Royle, J. Andrew TI Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: a hierarchical approach to community modelling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; fragmentation; hierarchical modelling; imperfect detection; occupancy modelling; species richness ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; BREEDING BIRDS; DIVERSITY; AREA; DETECTABILITY; HETEROGENEITY; PROBABILITIES; ACCUMULATION; SURROGATES AB P> Species richness is often used as a tool for prioritizing conservation action. One method for predicting richness and other summaries of community structure is to develop species-specific models of occurrence probability based on habitat or landscape characteristics. However, this approach can be challenging for rare or elusive species for which survey data are often sparse. Recent developments have allowed for improved inference about community structure based on species-specific models of occurrence probability, integrated within a hierarchical modelling framework. This framework offers advantages to inference about species richness over typical approaches by accounting for both species-level effects and the aggregated effects of landscape composition on a community as a whole, thus leading to increased precision in estimates of species richness by improving occupancy estimates for all species, including those that were observed infrequently. We developed a hierarchical model to assess the community response of breeding birds in the Hudson River Valley, New York, to habitat fragmentation and analysed the model using a Bayesian approach. The model was designed to estimate species-specific occurrence and the effects of fragment area and edge (as measured through the perimeter and the perimeter/area ratio, P/A), while accounting for imperfect detection of species. We used the fitted model to make predictions of species richness within forest fragments of variable morphology. The model revealed that species richness of the observed bird community was maximized in small forest fragments with a high P/A. However, the number of forest interior species, a subset of the community with high conservation value, was maximized in large fragments with low P/A. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the responses of both individual, and groups of species, to environmental heterogeneity while illustrating the utility of hierarchical models for inference about species richness for conservation. This framework can be used to investigate the impacts of land-use change and fragmentation on species or assemblage richness, and to further understand trade-offs in species-specific occupancy probabilities associated with landscape variability. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Royle, J. Andrew] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [DeWan, Amielle] Cornell Univ, Hudson River Estuary Program, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ezipkin@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 15 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01664.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466ZW UT WOS:000267706000010 ER PT J AU Work, TM Dagenais, J Balazs, GH Schumacher, J Lewis, TD Leong, JAC Casey, RN Casey, JW AF Work, Thierry M. Dagenais, Julie Balazs, George H. Schumacher, Joanne Lewis, Teresa D. Leong, Jo-Ann C. Casey, Rufina N. Casey, James W. TI In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SIMPLEX-VIRUS; CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; TISSUE-CULTURE; MAREKS-DISEASE; LYTIC CYCLE; REACTIVATION; REPLICATION AB Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of green turtles has a global distribution and causes debilitating tumours of the skin and internal organs in several species of marine turtles. FP is associated with a presently non-cultivable alphaherpesvirus Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV). Our aims were to employ quantitative PCR targeted to pol DNA of CFPHV to determine (i) if DNA sequesters by tumour size and/or cell type, (ii) whether subculturing of cells is a viable strategy for isolating CFPHV and (iii) whether CFPHV can be induced to a lytic growth cycle in vitro using chemical modulators of replication (CMRs), temperature variation or co-cultivation. Additional objectives included determining whether non-tumour and tumour cells behave differently in vitro and confirming the phenotype of cultured cells using cell-type-specific antigens. CFPHV pol DNA was preferentially concentrated in dermal fibroblasts of skin tumours and the amount of viral DNA per cell was independent of tumour size. Copy number of CFPHV pol DNA per cell rapidly decreased with cell doubling of tumour-derived fibroblasts in culture. Attempts to induce viral replication in known CFPHV-DNA-positive cells using temperature or CMR failed. No significant differences were seen in in vitro morphology or growth characteristics of fibroblasts from tumour cells and paired normal skin, nor from CFPHV pol-DNA-positive intestinal tumour cells. Tumour cells were confirmed as fibroblasts or keratinocytes by positive staining with anti-vimentin and anti-pancytokeratin antibodies, respectively. CFPHV continues to be refractory to in vitro cultivation. C1 [Work, Thierry M.; Dagenais, Julie; Schumacher, Joanne] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lewis, Teresa D.; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Casey, Rufina N.; Casey, James W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 44 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 BP 1943 EP 1950 DI 10.1099/vir.0.011650-0 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 479YX UT WOS:000268699400018 PM 19386781 ER PT J AU Innes, RJ Van Vuren, DH Kelt, DA Wilson, JA Johnson, ML AF Innes, Robin J. Van Vuren, Dirk H. Kelt, Douglas A. Wilson, James A. Johnson, Micael L. TI SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF DUSKY-FOOTED WOODRATS (NEOTOMA FUSCIPES) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE dusky-footed woodrat; home range; Neotoma fuscipes; Sierra Nevada; spatial organization ID HOME-RANGE; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; SMALL MAMMALS; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; SIZE; RADIOTELEMETRY; TRIANGULATION; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE AB We studied the spatial organization of dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) in mixed-conifer forest of the northern Sierra Nevada, California, by radiotracking 63 adult woodrats at 2 study sites during May-October 2004-2006. Estimates of home-range and core-area size differed between study sites, but they were within the range reported elsewhere; variability in home-range size was explained in part by density. Home ranges of woodrats overlapped those of multiple neighboring woodrats, both same sex and opposite sex, suggesting that foraging areas were shared. However, core areas showed little overlap between same-sex neighbors. Woodrats occupied multiple houses and frequently moved among them, and sharing of houses (either simultaneously or nonsimultaneously) with neighboring woodrats was common but occurred mostly between male-female pairs. Females typically shared their core area and houses with I male, whereas males shared core areas and houses with multiple females; further, males moved more than females. Our results suggest that dusky-footed woodrats are semi territorial, maintaining near-exclusive use of their core area and houses against same-sex conspecifics, and that the mating system likely is polygynous. C1 [Johnson, Micael L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Innes, Robin J.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.; Kelt, Douglas A.; Wilson, James A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Innes, RJ (reprint author), Lee Metcalf Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dept Interior, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA. EM rjinnes@yahoo.com FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service FX We thank the dedicated field crews of 2004-2006, particularly S. Connelly, the field crew leader during 2005-2006. We also thank S. Bigelow, J. Keane, P. Shaklee, and P. Stine of the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Sierra Nevada Research Center, Davis, California, and G. Rotta, S. Cosmaker, and K. Felker of the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Mt. Hough Ranger District, Quincy, California, for providing logistical support in the field. We gratefully acknowledge the members of the Quincy Library Group, Quincy, California. This work was supported by the Joint Fire Sciences Program and the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (Region 5). NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 811 EP 818 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 489AL UT WOS:000269391700004 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Jameson, RJ Gurarie, E Jeffries, SJ Allen, H AF Laidre, Kristin L. Jameson, Ronald J. Gurarie, Eliezer Jeffries, Steven J. Allen, Harriet TI SPATIAL HABITAT USE PATTERNS OF SEA OTTERS IN COASTAL WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; range expansion; sea otter; site fidelity; Washington ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; TIME BUDGETS; FORAGING PATTERNS; CARRYING-CAPACITY; RANGE EXPANSION; HOME RANGE; CALIFORNIA; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; MAMMALS AB Sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) movements, home range, and activity budgets were described from data collected during very-high-frequency radiotelemetry studies of 75 individuals on the outer coast of Washington State between 1992 and 1999. Sea otters were located at least once per week from 22 accessible sites along the coast. Over the 7-year study period, range expansion occurred from the core range north and east into the Strait of Juan de Fuca (SJF) as well as southward on the outer coast. Forty-three percent of the sea otters moved into the SJF at least once, most often in winter, using habitat that had not been occupied by sea otters since their extirpation 100 years ago. All sea otters spent portions of their time in the vicinity of Cape Alava, and many animals demonstrated consistent periodic seasonal shifts between specific portions of the coastline over several years. Ninety-five percent annual linear home ranges differed between sex and age classes. Adult males used the largest amount of coastline (50 km +/- 9 SD) and subadult females used the least (24 +/- 9 km). Both adult males and females demonstrated high seasonal periodicity in range use in summer and winter. Twenty-four-hour Lime budgets in the core portion of the range revealed on average sea otters spent 41% +/- 14% SD of the time foraging and 45% +/- 13% of the time resting (age and sex classes pooled). Adult and subadult female sea otters were most frequently found resting and foraging close to shore (< 1,000 m) and in shallow water (0-10 m), whereas adult and subadult males rested and foraged >1,000 m offshore and at depths between 10 and 30 m. Given current rates of population growth and observed mobility, sea otters in Washington have high potential for range expansion into unoccupied habitat Such as Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the SJF, or along Vancouver Island. C1 [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Jameson, Ronald J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Jeffries, Steven J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Sci Program, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. [Allen, Harriet] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Divers Program, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM klaidre@apl.washington.edu OI Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 FU United States Geological Survey; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX The results presented here would not have been possible without the dedication of field assistants monitoring radiotagged otters, M. Stafford and B. Krause, assisted by personnel from the United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary. Capture, tagging, and tracking of sea otters were funded by the United States Geological Survey and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Capture and tagging activities were conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act research permit PRT-777239. Data analysis was partially funded by the Wildlife Conservation and Restoration Program and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. The United States Park Service provided logistic support and access to areas within Olympic National Park. Thanks to O. Shelton and E. Grey for useful discussions about the analysis. Portions of this document include intellectual property of the Washington Department of Natural Resources and are used herein by permission. Two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 30 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 906 EP 917 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 489AL UT WOS:000269391700014 ER PT J AU Thatcher, CA van Manen, FT Clark, JD AF Thatcher, Cindy A. van Manen, Frank T. Clark, Joseph D. TI A HABITAT ASSESSMENT FOR FLORIDA PANTHER POPULATION EXPANSION INTO CENTRAL FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Caloosahatchee River; Florida panther; habitat evaluation; Mahalanobis distance; Puma concolor; radiotelemetry ID CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; MODELS AB One of the goals of the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) recovery plan is to expand panther range north of the Caloosahatchee River in central Florida. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of that region to Support panthers. We used a geographic information system and the Mahalanobis distance statistic to develop a habitat model based on landscape characteristics associated with panther home ranges. We used cross-validation and an independent telemetry data set to test the habitat model. We also conducted a least-cost path analysis to identify potential habitat linkages and to provide a relative measure of connectivity among habitat patches. Variables in our model were paved road density, major highways, human population density, percentage of the area permanently or semipermanently flooded, and percentage of the area in natural land cover. Our model clearly identified habitat typical of that found within panther home ranges based on model testing with recent telemetry data. We identified 4 potential translocation sites that may support a total of approximately 36 panthers. Although we identified potential habitat linkages, out least-cost path analyses highlighted the extreme isolation of panther habitat in portions of the study area. Human intervention will likely be required if the goal is to establish female panthers north of the Caloosahatchee in the near term. C1 [van Manen, Frank T.; Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Thatcher, Cindy A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu OI Thatcher, Cindy/0000-0003-0331-071X FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the National Park Service for providing telemetry data. We thank C. Belden for his help and support throughout the study. He, along with C. Schultz, and B. Rieck of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and D. Land of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission provided helpful suggestions and comments on earlier versions of the habitat model. Finally, we thank the associate editor and 2 anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 33 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 918 EP 925 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 489AL UT WOS:000269391700015 ER PT J AU Padeletti, AT Kreeger, DA Gatenby, CM Hughes, SG Thomas, RL Malfi, R Wood-Tucker, H AF Padeletti, Angela T. Kreeger, Danielle A. Gatenby, Catherine M. Hughes, Steven G. Thomas, Roger L. Malfi, Rosemary Wood-Tucker, Heidi TI RESTORING OUR PAST WITH MUSSEL POWER IN THE FRESHWATER PORTION OF THE DELAWARE ESTUARY WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Padeletti, Angela T.; Kreeger, Danielle A.] Partnership Delaware Estuary, Wilmington 19801, DE USA. [Gatenby, Catherine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, White Sulphur Springs, WV 24986 USA. [Hughes, Steven G.; Wood-Tucker, Heidi] Cheyney Univ Penn, Cheyney, PA 19319 USA. [Thomas, Roger L.; Malfi, Rosemary] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 718 EP 719 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700218 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. TI Monitoring suspended sediments and associated chemical constituents in urban environments: lessons from the city of Atlanta, Georgia, USA Water Quality Monitoring Program SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Annual fluxes; Major elements; Nutrients; Suspended sediment; Trace elements; Urban hydrology ID TRACE-ELEMENT FLUXES; WEST YORKSHIRE; RIVER-BASIN; METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS; SAMPLING FREQUENCY; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT; NUTRIENT FLUXES; DRAINAGE BASINS; STORM-RUNOFF; CATCHMENT AB The City of Atlanta, Georgia (COA) is part of the ninth largest metropolitan area in the USA and one of the fastest growing (e.g., > 24% between 2000 and 2007). Since 2003, the US Geological Survey has been operating an extensive long-term water-quantity and water-quality monitoring network for the COA. The experience gained in operating this network has provided insights into the challenges as well as some solutions associated with determining urban effects on water quality, especially in terms of estimating the annual fluxes of suspended sediment, trace/major elements, and nutrients. The majority (> 90%) of the annual fluxes of suspended sediment and discharge (> 60%) from the COA occur in conjunction with stormflow. Typically, stormflow averages a parts per thousand currency sign20% of the year. Normally, annual flux calculations employ a daily time-step; however, due to the "flashy" nature of the COA's streams, this approach can produce substantial underestimates (from 25% to 64%). Greater accuracy requires time-steps as short as every 2 to 3 h. The annual fluxes of a parts per thousand yen75% of trace elements (e.g., Cu, Pb, Zn), major elements (e.g., Fe, Al), and total P occur in association with suspended sediment; in turn, a parts per thousand yen90% of the transport of these constituents occurs in conjunction with stormflow. With the possible exception of nitrogen, baseflow sediment-associated and both baseflow and stormflow dissolved contributions represent relatively insignificant portions of the total annual load; hence, nonpoint (diffuse) sources are the dominant contributors to the fluxes of almost all of these constituents. C1 US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 342 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s11368-009-0092-y PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 476HO UT WOS:000268430400006 ER PT J AU Stewart, JP Hu, JP Kayen, RE Lembo, AJ Collins, BD Davis, CA O'Rourke, TD AF Stewart, Jonathan P. Hu, Jianping Kayen, Robert E. Lembo, Arthur J., Jr. Collins, Brian D. Davis, Craig A. O'Rourke, Thomas D. TI Use of Airborne and Terrestrial Lidar to Detect Ground Displacement Hazards to Water Systems SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LASER ALTIMETRY; EROSION; EARTHQUAKE; ELEVATION; DEMS AB We investigate the use of multiepoch airborne and terrestrial lidar to detect and measure ground displacements of sufficient magnitude to damage buried pipelines and other water system facilities that might result, for example, from earthquake or rainfall-induced landslides. Lidar scans are performed at three sites with coincident measurements by total station surveying. Relative horizontal accuracy is evaluated by measurements of lateral dimensions of well defined objects such as buildings and tanks; we find misfits ranging from approximately 5 to 12 cm, which is consistent with previous work. The bias and dispersion of lidar elevation measurements, relative to total station surveying, is assessed at two sites: (1) a power plant site (PP2) with vegetated steeply sloping terrain; and (2) a relatively flat and unvegetated site before and after trenching operations were performed. At PP2, airborne lidar showed minimal elevation bias and a standard deviation of approximately 70 cm, whereas terrestrial lidar did not produce useful results due to beam divergence issues and inadequate sampling of the study region. At the trench site, airborne lidar showed minimal elevation bias and reduced standard deviation relative to PP2 (6-20 cm), whereas terrestrial lidar was nearly unbiased with very low dispersion (4-6 cm). Pre- and posttrench bias-adjusted normalized residuals showed minimal to negligible correlation, but elevation change was affected by relative bias between epochs. The mean of elevation change bias essentially matches the difference in means of pre- and posttrench elevation bias, whereas elevation change standard deviation is sensitive to the dispersion of individual epoch elevations and their correlation coefficient. The observed lidar bias and standard deviations enable reliable detection of damaging ground displacements for some pipelines types (e.g., welded steel) but not all (e.g., concrete with unwelded, mortared joints). C1 [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hu, Jianping; Davis, Craig A.] City Los Angeles, Dept Water & Power, Los Angeles, CA 90051 USA. [Kayen, Robert E.; Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lembo, Arthur J., Jr.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Geog, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. [O'Rourke, Thomas D.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu RI hu, jiangping /C-3320-2014 FU National Science Foundation [EEC-970147] FX The work of writers J. P. S.,R. E. K., T. S. H., and T. D. O. was supported by grants from the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, which in turn is supported by Master Agreement No. EEC-970147 from the National Science Foundation. The City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power funded the surveying and airborne lidar work. This support is appreciated. The views and opinions expressed in this document represent those of the writers and do not reflect the policy of the federal government. Dr. Ronald Eguchi of Imagecat is thanked for facilitating contractual matters related to the work of J. P. S., T. S. H., and R. E. K. Carolin Ferwerda is thanked for her work on processing airborne lidar data. The writers also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2009 VL 135 IS 3 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2009)135:3(113) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 471OD UT WOS:000268066900004 ER PT J AU Feng, TT van Manen, FT Zhao, NX Li, M Wei, FW AF Feng, Tian-Tian van Manen, Frank T. Zhao, Na-Xun Li, Ming Wei, Fu-Wen TI Habitat Assessment for Giant Pandas in the Qinling Mountain Region of China SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ailuropoda melanoleuca; China; Geographic Information System (GIS); giant panda; habitat conservation; habitat model; habitat use; Mahalanobis distance; Qinling Mountains ID NATURE-RESERVE; BAMBOO; LANDSCAPES; SEPARATION; DYNAMICS; FOREST; NORTH; MODEL AB Because habitat loss and fragmentation threaten giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), habitat protection and restoration are important conservation measures for this endangered species. However, distribution and value of potential habitat to giant pandas on a regional scale are not fully known. Therefore, we identified and ranked giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve, Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, and adjacent areas in the Qinling Mountains of China. We used Mahalanobis distance and 11 digital habitat layers to develop a multivariate habitat signature associated with 247 surveyed giant panda locations, which we then applied to the study region. We identified approximately 128 km(2) of giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve (43.6% of the reserve) and 49 km(2) in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (33.6% of the reserve). We defined core habitat areas by incorporating a minimum patch-size criterion (5.5 km(2)) based on home-range size. Percentage of core habitat area was higher in Foping Nature Reserve (41.8% of the reserve) than Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (26.3% of the reserve). Within the larger analysis region, Foping Nature Reserve contained 32.7% of all core habitat areas we identified, indicating regional importance of the reserve. We observed a negative relationship between distribution of core areas and presence of roads and small villages. Protection of giant panda habitat at lower elevations and improvement of habitat linkages among core habitat areas are important in a regional approach to giant panda conservation. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 852-858; 2009) C1 [Feng, Tian-Tian; Li, Ming; Wei, Fu-Wen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Feng, Tian-Tian] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [van Manen, Frank T.; Wei, Fu-Wen] Memphis Zool Soc, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Zhao, Na-Xun] Foping Nat Reserve, Foping Cty 723400, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Feng, TT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM weifw@ioz.ac.cn FU Memphis Zoological Society; United States Forest Service International Programs; Memphis Zoo FX We thank the staff of Foping Nature Reserve and Guanyinshan Nature Reserve and field assistant Jiulin for their support of the field work. We thank C. Thatcher, L. Thompson, J. Laufenberg, Z. Zhang, H. Wu, X. Zhan, T. Meng, and D. Qi for help with GIS and statistical analyses. Our research was funded by the Memphis Zoological Society and the United States Forest Service International Programs. We thank A. Kouba from the Memphis Zoo for his support throughout this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.2193/2008-186 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200006 ER PT J AU Gregg, MA Crawford, JA AF Gregg, Michael A. Crawford, John A. TI Survival of Greater Sage-Grouse Chicks and Broods in the Northern Great Basin SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brood; Centrocercus urophasianus; chick; forbs; greater sage-grouse; insects; Lepidoptera; radiotelemetry; survival ID HABITAT USE; PARTRIDGE CHICKS; BUTTERFLY NUMBERS; BREEDING SUCCESS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; PHEASANT CHICKS; ARABLE FARMLAND; PERDIX-PERDIX; SELECTION; MANAGEMENT AB Reduced annual recruitment because of poor habitat quality has been implicated as one of the causative factors in the rangewide decline of sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations since the 1950s. Because chick and brood survival are directly linked to annual recruitment and may be the primary factors that limit sage-grouse population growth, we estimated 28-day survival rates of radiomarked chicks and broods from 2000 to 2003. We examined relationships between survival and several habitat variables measured at brood sites, including food availability (insects and forbs); horizontal cover of sagebrush, grasses, and forbs; and vertical cover of sagebrush and grass. We monitored 506 radiomarked chicks from 94 broods; chick survival was 0.392 (SE = 0.024). We found evidence that both food and cover variables were positively associated with chick survival, including Lepidoptera availability, slender phlox (Phlox gracilis) frequency, total forb cover, and grass cover. The effect of total grass cover on chick survival was dependent on the proportion of short grass. The hazard of an individual chick's death decreased 8.6% (95% CI = -1.0 to 18.3) for each percentage point increase in total grass cover when the proportion of short grass was >70%. Survival of 83 radiomarked broods was 0.673 (SE = 0.055). Lepidoptera availability and slender phlox frequency were the only habitat variables related to brood survival. Risk of total brood loss decreased by 11.8% (95% CI = 1.2-22.5) for each additional Lepidoptera individual and 2.7% (95% CI = 20.4 to 5.8) for each percentage point increase in the frequency of slender phlox found at brood sites. Model selection results revealed that temporal differences in brood survival were associated with variation in the availability of Lepidoptera and slender phlox. Years with high brood survival corresponded with years of high Lepidoptera availability and high slender phlox frequency. These foods likely provided high-quality nutrition for chicks during early growth and development and enhanced survival. Habitat management that promotes Lepidoptera and slender phlox abundance during May and June (i.e., early brood rearing) should have a positive effect on chick and brood survival in the short term and potentially increase annual recruitment. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 904-913; 2009) C1 [Gregg, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Burbank, WA 99323 USA. [Crawford, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gregg, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mid Columbia River Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,6, Burbank, WA 99323 USA. EM mike_gregg@fws.gov FU USFWS; Bureau of Land Management; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Nevada Division of Wildlife; Nevada Bighorns Unlimited; Nevada Chukar Foundation FX This research was funded by the USFWS, Bureau of Land Management, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nevada Division of Wildlife, Nevada Bighorns Unlimited, and Nevada Chukar Foundation. We thank J. T. Forbes and V. Stofleth of the Bureau of Land Management and J. Lane of the Beatys Butte Grazing Association for logistic and technical support, and we thank numerous field technicians and volunteers for assistance with data collection. J. W. Connelly and M. D. Pope provided comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 64 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 904 EP 913 DI 10.2193/2007-410 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200012 ER PT J AU Martin, KH Lindberg, MS Schmutz, JA Bertram, MR AF Martin, Kate H. Lindberg, Mark S. Schmutz, Joel A. Bertram, Mark R. TI Lesser Scaup Breeding Probability and Female Survival on the Yukon Flats, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Aythya affinis; boreal forest; breeding probability; female survival; lesser scaup; Yukon Flats ID NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; BOREAL FOREST; NEST SUCCESS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SEASON SURVIVAL; SHOT MALLARDS; WILD MALLARDS; DECOY TRAP; DUCKS AB Information on the ecology of waterfowl breeding in the boreal forest is lacking, despite the boreal region's importance to continental waterfowl populations and to duck species that are currently declining, such as lesser scaup (Aythya affinis). We estimated breeding probability and breeding season survival of female lesser scaup on the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA, in 2005 and 2006. We captured and marked 93 lesser scaup with radiotransmitters during prelaying and nesting periods. Although all marked lesser scaup females were paired throughout prelaying and incubation periods, we estimated breeding probability over both years as 0.12 (SE = 0.05, n = 67) using telemetry. Proportion of lesser scaup females undergoing rapid follicle growth at capture in 2006 was 0.46 (SE = 0.11, n = 37), based on concentration of yolk precursors in blood plasma. By combining methods based on telemetry, yolk precursors, and postovulatory follicles, we estimated maximum breeding probability as 0.68 (SE = 0.08, n = 37) in 2006. Notably, breeding probability was positively related to female body mass. Survival of female lesser scaup during the nesting and brood-rearing periods was 0.92 (SE = 0.05) in 2005 and 0.86 (SE = 0.08) in 2006. Our results suggest that breeding probability is lower than expected for lesser scaup. In addition, the implicit assumption of continental duck-monitoring programs that all paired females attempt to breed should be reevaluated. Recruitment estimates based on annual breeding-pair surveys may overestimate productivity of scaup pairs in the boreal forest. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 914-923; 2009) C1 [Martin, Kate H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Bertram, Mark R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Martin, KH (reprint author), Oregon Nat Desert Assoc, 201 SE Fairview St, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. EM kate.h.martin@gmail.com FU Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge; Delta Waterfowl Foundation; University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Fund; Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; UAF Department of Biology; UAF Institute of Arctic Biology FX Financial support for this project was provided by the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, the Delta Waterfowl Foundation, the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Fund, the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the UAF Department of Biology, and the UAF Institute of Arctic Biology. The staff of Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge assisted with all aspects of field logistics; we especially thank N. Guldager, M. Hinkes, and M. Vivion. We are indebted to all of the hard- working field assistants and volunteers, including C. VanStratt, J. Wells, D. Safine, C. Hisaoka, J. Kopanke, E. Smith, J. Minerva, T. Heuer, B. Whitehill, J. Fox, P. Williams, J. Akaran, S. Dufford, L. Devaney, A. Martin, T. Tanner, P. Barboza, T. Welsh, J. Schmidt, and M. Petrula. We also thank the staff at the UAF Animal Quarters for maintenance of captive birds, and M. MacCluskie, D. Esler, and T. Williams for lab analyses. Comments from 2 anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. NR 88 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 914 EP 923 DI 10.2193/2007-587 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200013 ER PT J AU Bentzen, RL Powell, AN Suydam, RS AF Bentzen, Rebecca L. Powell, Abby N. Suydam, Robert S. TI Strategies for Nest-Site Selection by King Eiders SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE concealment; king eider; nesting associations; nest-site choice; seclusion; Somateria spectabilis ID BREEDING BIOLOGY; NORTHERN ALASKA; OIL-DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC FOX; PREDATION; SUCCESS; AVAILABILITY; ASSOCIATION; PROTECTION AB Nest site selection is a critical component of reproduction and has presumably evolved in relation to predation, local resources, and microclimate. We investigated nest-site choice by king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) on the coastal plain of northern Alaska, USA, 2003-2005. We hypothesized that nest-site selection is driven by predator avoidance and that a variety of strategies including concealment, seclusion, and conspecific or inter-specific nest defense might lead to improved nesting success. We systematically searched wetland basins for king eider nests and measured habitat and social variables at nests (n = 212) and random locations (n = 493). King eiders made use of both secluded and concealed breeding strategies; logistic regression models revealed that females selected nests close to water, on islands, and in areas with high willow (Salix spp.) cover but did not select sites near conspecific or glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) nests. The most effective nest-placement strategy may vary depending on density and types of nest predators; seclusion is likely a mammalian-predator avoidance tactic whereas concealment may provide protection from avian predators. We recommend that managers in northern Alaska attempt to maintain wetland basins with islands and complex shorelines to provide potential nest sites in the vicinity of water. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 932-938; 2009) C1 [Bentzen, Rebecca L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Suydam, Robert S.] Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. RP Bentzen, RL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftrlm@uaf.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU Minerals Management Service; Coastal Marine Institute; Bureau of Land Management; ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc.; United States Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; North Slope Borough's Department of Wildlife Management; North Slope Borough Search and Rescue; State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development FX This study would not be possible without the financial and logistical support of the Minerals Management Service, Coastal Marine Institute, Bureau of Land Management, ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., United States Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, North Slope Borough's Department of Wildlife Management and Grants Office, and the North Slope Borough Search and Rescue. The North Slope Borough provided funding through the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Impact Mitigation Program from the State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development. We thank L. Phillips for help with the initial planning and execution of this study and all the many field technicians. Comments by P. Flint, A. Kitaysky, D. Thomas, T. Arnold, and 2 anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated and improved previous versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.2193/2008-411 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200015 ER PT J AU Ellis, LA Stump, SD Weddle, DM AF Ellis, Lisa A. Stump, Shaylon D. Weddle, Dominique M. TI Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Population and Habitat Response to Reservoir Inundation SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Empidonax traillii extimus; nest success; productivity; reservoir inundation; riparian habitat; Roosevelt Lake; southwestern willow flycatcher ID SITE FIDELITY; SEEDLINGS; COTTONWOOD AB One of the largest known populations of the federally endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) occurs at Roosevelt Lake, Arizona, USA. Modifications to Roosevelt Dam, completed in 1996, raised the height of the dam and resulted in a high probability of willow flycatcher habitat inundation within the reservoir's conservation pool. We collected habitat measurements and monitored 922 willow flycatcher nests from 1996 to 2006 to investigate effects of inundation on willow flycatcher habitat and subsequent changes in nest success, productivity, and distribution. Inundation of willow flycatcher habitat at Roosevelt Lake occurred in 2005, changing the location and amount of suitable breeding habitat and significantly altering habitat structure (e. g., thinner vegetation, more canopy gaps) of formally occupied nest sites. The willow flycatcher population at Roosevelt Lake decreased 47% from 209 territories in 2004 to 111 territories in 2006 in response to habitat changes. Willow flycatchers made fewer nesting attempts and nest success rates were significantly lower during inundation (2005 and 2006: 45%) than preinundation (1996-2004: 57%). Combined, these factors negatively affected the population's productivity during inundation. Although inundation caused extensive vegetation die-off, we did observe regeneration of vegetation in some areas at Roosevelt Lake in 2006. The Roosevelt Lake population remains one of the largest willow flycatcher populations in the state and territory numbers remain high enough that the population may not suffer long-term effects if sufficient suitable habitat continues to exist during the cycle of inundation and regeneration. Reservoir managers may be able to develop dam management guidelines that reduce damage to habitat, encourage habitat growth, and mimic the dynamic nature of unaltered riparian habitat. These guidelines can be implemented, as appropriate, at reservoirs throughout the willow flycatcher's range. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 946-954; 2009) C1 [Ellis, Lisa A.; Stump, Shaylon D.; Weddle, Dominique M.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. RP Ellis, LA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Field Off, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM lisa_ellis@fws.gov FU United States Bureau of Reclamation; USFWS FX The United States Bureau of Reclamation and USFWS provided funding for our study. We especially thank S. Sferra and H. Messing of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, M. Sogge and E. Paxton of the United States Geological Society (USGS), and G. Beatty of USFWS for their invaluable support. We thank S. Sferra, H. Messing, A. Graber, H. English, G. Beatty, M. Sogge, E. Paxton, E. Ray, and R. Ockenfels for providing valuable comments and contributions to this manuscript. We thank all of the Arizona Game & Fish Department (AGFD) field-crew leaders and personnel; in particular, we thank B. Allen, R. Davidson, J. Dockens, P. Dockens, T. McCarthey, R. Meyer, B. Muiznieks, O. Munzer, C. Paradzick, J. Rourke, A. Smith, J. Spencer, M. Sumner, H. Telle, A. Tudor, and A. Wartell. We also thank all of the numerous AGFD and USGS field-crew members for their dedicated and conscientious efforts in the field. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 946 EP 954 DI 10.2193/2008-297 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200017 ER PT J AU Lauber, TB Taylor, EJ Decker, DJ AF Lauber, T. Bruce Taylor, Eric J. Decker, Daniel J. TI Factors Influencing Membership of Federal Wildlife Biologists in The Wildlife Society SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE federal agencies; membership; organizational commitment; participation; professional commitment; scientific societies ID PERCEIVED BEHAVIORAL-CONTROL; LATENT SOCIAL ROLES; ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT; CONFLICT; COSMOPOLITANS; ATTITUDES; TURNOVER; EFFICACY AB Membership in scientific societies is an avenue wildlife professionals may use to maintain and enhance their professional capabilities. We studied factors influencing United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and United States Geological Survey (USGS) biologists' membership in scientific societies in general and The Wildlife Society (TWS) in particular. We conducted an internet census survey of 3,755 USFWS professionals and 932 USGS Biological Resource Division professionals. The survey collected data on membership and participation in scientific societies as well as other variables that we theorized could influence membership. We used logistic regressions to identify factors correlated with the membership of wildlife biologists in TWS. A greater proportion of USGS biologists (90.2%) than USFWS biologists (51.8%) were members of scientific societies, and the likelihood of wildlife biologists belonging to TWS was higher in USGS. Factors most consistently correlated with membership in TWS included minimal external constraints (e. g., family responsibilities and costs), supervisor support for membership, and membership of friends, peers, and supervisors in scientific societies. Our results suggest that membership in scientific societies is heavily influenced by the organizational culture of employing agencies. Agencies seeking to increase their employees' membership, and thus benefits from participation, in scientific societies will be most successful if they create a culture in which involvement in scientific societies is expected and in which peers and supervisors also participate. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 980-988; 2009) C1 [Lauber, T. Bruce; Decker, Daniel J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Taylor, Eric J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Lauber, TB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM TBL3@cornell.edu FU TWS; USGS Biological Resources Discipline; USFWS Office of the Science FX Our study was funded by TWS via funding provided by the USGS Biological Resources Discipline and the USFWS Office of the Science Advisor. D. Ashe, W. Knapp, J. Fleming, and T. Franklin offered timely advice and feedback throughout our study. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 980 EP 988 DI 10.2193/2008-064 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200021 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Casalena, MJ Schiavone, MV Swanson, D Reynolds, M Boyd, RC Eriksen, R Swift, B AF Diefenbach, Duane R. Casalena, Mary Jo Schiavone, Michael V. Swanson, David Reynolds, Michael Boyd, Robert C. Eriksen, Robert Swift, Bryan TI Loss of Butt-End Leg Bands on Male Wild Turkeys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE band loss; butt-end band; leg band; Meleagris gallapavo; rivet band; wild turkey ID WEST-VIRGINIA; TAG LOSS; SURVIVAL AB We estimated loss of butt-end leg bands on male wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo) captured in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania (USA) during December-March, 2006-2008. We used aluminum rivet leg bands as permanent marks to estimate loss of regular aluminum, enameled aluminum, anodized aluminum, and stainless steel butt-end leg bands placed below the spur. We used band loss information from 887 turkeys recovered between 31 days and 570 days after release ((x) over bar = 202 days). Band loss was greater for turkeys banded as adults (>1 yr old) than juveniles and was greater for aluminum than stainless steel bands. We estimated band retention was 79-96%, depending on age at banding and type of band, for turkeys recovered 3 months after release. Band retention was <50% for all age classes and band types 15 months after banding. We concluded that use of butt-end leg bands on male wild turkeys is inappropriate for use in mark-recapture studies. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 996-999; 2009) C1 [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Casalena, Mary Jo; Boyd, Robert C.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Schiavone, Michael V.; Swift, Bryan] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Swanson, David; Reynolds, Michael] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Eriksen, Robert] Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Edgefield, SC 29824 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation [WE-173-G]; Ohio Department of Natural Resources; Pennsylvania Game Commission; National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF); New York Chapter of NWTF; Pennsylvania Chapter of NWTF FX Support for this project was provided by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (Federal Assistance in Wildlife Restoration Grant WE-173-G), Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Pennsylvania Game Commission, National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF), New York Chapter of NWTF, and Pennsylvania Chapter of NWTF. National Band and Tag (Newport, KY) donated butt-end bands. We thank the many agency personnel and volunteers who assisted with capture of wild turkeys. Also, we thank W. C. Vreeland for managing the banding database and contacting hundreds of hunters who reported bands and K. L. Christine for administrative assistance. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. Reviews by J. L. Laake, W. M. Tzilkowski, and 2 anonymous referees improved the manuscript. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 996 EP 999 DI 10.2193/2008-477 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200023 ER PT J AU Herring, G Gawlik, DE AF Herring, Garth Gawlik, Dale E. TI Stability of Avian Fecal Corticosterone Metabolite Levels in Frozen Avian Feces SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian ecology; corticosterone; fecal metabolites; fecal steroids; glucocorticoids; sample storage ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; BIRDS; DROPPINGS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; QUALITY; SAMPLES; CHICKS; SIZE AB Fecal corticosterone metabolites are commonly used in avian ecology as a measure of response to stress. Recent research on mammals suggested that the manner in which samples are stored could be critical to alleviating any storage handling bias. Cross-reacting metabolites can increase glucocorticoid metabolites even after samples are frozen and, thus, result in an overestimation of hormone levels as the time increases between when samples were collected and when levels are measured. We examined effects of sample storage time on fecal corticosterone metabolites for 2 avian species across 165 days. We observed no change in fecal corticosterone metabolites across the sampling periods in either fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) or white ibis (Eudocimus albus). Results suggest that avian fecal corticosterone metabolite levels do not change when samples are frozen for long periods of time and that there were no differences in the response between the 2 species we compared. This study demonstrated that avian fecal corticosterone samples are accurate even after freezing and, thus, studies that seek to address conservation questions may rely on these data. Studies of additional bird species are needed to generalize our findings to other avian taxa. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 1010-1013; 2009) C1 [Herring, Garth; Gawlik, Dale E.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gherring@ucdavis.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for research that led to testing of potential storage sample time bias was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank T. F. Dean for his support in implementing this study. H. K. Herring, S. M. Lantz, S. L. Milton, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. We appreciate the support and cooperation of P. C. Frederick for allowing samples to be collected from his experimental flock, and N. Jayasena for conducting collections. We thank R. Stanek and T. Williams at the Palm Beach Zoo for collecting samples from their avian collection. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1010 EP 1013 DI 10.2193/2008-398 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200025 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US AF ten Brink, Uri S. TI Tsunami hazard along the US Atlantic coast Preface SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 264 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.03.011 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 481TQ UT WOS:000268835200001 ER PT J AU Twichell, DC Chaytor, JD ten Brink, US Buczkowski, B AF Twichell, David C. Chaytor, Jason D. ten Brink, Uri S. Buczkowski, Brian TI Morphology of late Quaternary submarine landslides along the US Atlantic continental margin SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landslides; continental margin; Atlantic Ocean; sediments; slope processes ID UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; MASS-TRANSPORT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; NEW-JERSEY; SEA-FLOOR; SLOPE FAILURE; SLIDE; TSUNAMI; SHELF AB The nearly complete coverage of the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise by multibeam bathymetry and backscatter imagery provides an opportunity to reevaluate the distribution of submarine landslides along the margin and reassess the controls on their formation. Landslides can be divided into two categories based on their source areas: those sourced in submarine canyons and those sourced on the open continental slope and rise. Landslide distribution is in part controlled by the Quaternary history of the margin. They cover 33% of the continental slope and rise of the glacially influenced New England margin, 16% of the sea floor offshore of the fluvially dominated Middle Atlantic margin, and 13% of the sea floor south of Cape Hatteras. The headwall scarps of open-slope sourced landslides occur mostly on the lower slope and upper rise while they occur mostly on the upper slope in the canyon-sourced ones. The deposits from both landslide categories are generally thin (mostly 20-40 m thick) and comprised primarily of Quaternary material, but the volumes of the open-slope sourced landslide deposits can be larger (1-392 km(3)) than the canyon-sourced ones (1-10 km(3)). The largest failures are located seaward of shelf-edge deltas along the southern New England margin and near salt domes that breach the sea floor south of Cape Hatteras. The spatial distribution of landslides indicates that earthquakes associated with rebound of the glaciated part of the margin or earthquakes associated with salt domes were probably the primary triggering mechanism although other processes may have pre-conditioned sediments for failure. The largest failures and those that have the potential to generate the largest tsunamis are the open-slope sourced landslides. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Twichell, David C.; ten Brink, Uri S.; Buczkowski, Brian] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chaytor, Jason D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Twichell, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dtwichell@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677 NR 72 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 264 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.009 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 481TQ UT WOS:000268835200002 ER PT J AU Chaytor, JD ten Brink, US Solow, AR Andrews, BD AF Chaytor, Jason D. ten Brink, Uri S. Solow, Andrew R. Andrews, Brian D. TI Size distribution of submarine landslides along the US Atlantic margin SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bathymetry; inverse power-law; log-normal distribution; submarine geomorphology; landslide volume ID STOREGGA SLIDE; POWER LAWS; TSUNAMI; VOLUME; FREQUENCY; SCALE; MAGNITUDE; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Assessment of the probability for destructive landslide-generated tsunamis depends on the knowledge of the number, size, and frequency of large submarine landslides. This paper investigates the size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise using the size of the landslide source regions (landslide failure scars). Landslide scars along the margin identified in a detailed bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have areas that range between 0.89 km(2) and 2410 km(2) and volumes between 0.002 km(3) and 179 km(3). The area to volume relationship of these failure scars is almost linear (inverse power-law exponent close to 1), suggesting a fairly uniform failure thicknes