FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Benedict, ST AF Benedict, Stephen T. TI Evaluation of Maryland Abutment Scour Equation Through Selected Threshold Velocity Methods SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Maryland State Highway Administration, used field measurements of scour to evaluate the sensitivity of the Maryland abutment scour equation to the critical (or threshold) velocity variable. Four selected methods for estimating threshold velocity were applied to the Maryland abutment scour equation, and the predicted scour to the field measurements were compared. Results indicated that performance of the Maryland abutment scour equation was sensitive to the threshold velocity with some threshold velocity methods producing better estimates of predicted scour than did others. In addition, results indicated that regional stream characteristics can affect the performance of the Maryland abutment scour equation with moderate-gradient streams performing differently from low-gradient streams. On the basis of the findings of the investigation, guidance for selecting threshold velocity methods for application to the Maryland abutment scour equation are provided, and limitations are noted. C1 US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Benedict, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 405 Coll Ave,Suite 200, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM benedict@usgs.gov FU MSHA FX This research was supported by MSHA. The author particularly thanks Stanley R. Davis and Fred Chang for their support and encouragement of this investigation. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2195 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.3141/2195-16 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 730AC UT WOS:000287994800016 ER PT S AU Swetnam, TW Betancourt, JL AF Swetnam, Thomas W. Betancourt, Julio L. BE Stoffel, M Bollschweiler, M Butler, DR Luckman, BH TI Mesoscale Disturbance and Ecological Response to Decadal Climatic Variability in the American Southwest SO TREE RINGS AND NATURAL HAZARDS: A STATE-OF-THE-ART SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LIGHTNING-CAUSED FIRES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; SONORAN DESERT; EL-NINO; VEGETATION CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-MEXICO C1 [Swetnam, Thomas W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Swetnam, TW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tswetnam@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184 NR 141 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-90-481-8735-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2010 VL 41 BP 329 EP 359 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2_32 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BPC30 UT WOS:000278502000032 ER PT S AU Carrara, PE O'Neill, JM AF Carrara, Paul E. O'Neill, J. Michael BE Stoffel, M Bollschweiler, M Butler, DR Luckman, BH TI Tree-Ring Dated Landslide Movements and Seismic Events in Southwestern Montana, USA SO TREE RINGS AND NATURAL HAZARDS: A STATE-OF-THE-ART SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EARTHQUAKES; RECORDS C1 [Carrara, Paul E.; O'Neill, J. Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Carrara, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pcarrara@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-90-481-8735-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2010 VL 41 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2_39 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BPC30 UT WOS:000278502000039 ER PT S AU Pringle, PT Pierson, TC Cameron, KA Sheppard, PR AF Pringle, Patrick T. Pierson, Thomas C. Cameron, Kenneth A. Sheppard, Paul R. BE Stoffel, M Bollschweiler, M Butler, DR Luckman, BH TI Late Eighteenth Century Old Maid Eruption and Lahars at Mount Hood, Oregon (USA) Dated with Tree Rings and Historical Observations SO TREE RINGS AND NATURAL HAZARDS: A STATE-OF-THE-ART SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Pringle, Patrick T.] Centralia Coll, Dept Sci, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. [Sheppard, Paul R.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pierson, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Pringle, PT (reprint author), Centralia Coll, Dept Sci, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. EM ppringle@centralia.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-90-481-8735-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2010 VL 41 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2_46 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BPC30 UT WOS:000278502000046 ER PT S AU Kozur, HW Weems, RE AF Kozur, Heinz W. Weems, Robert E. BE Lucas, SG TI The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere SO TRIASSIC TIMESCALE SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID U-PB AGES; CHINLE FORMATION; TETRAPOD BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; AMMONOID BIOCHRONOZONES; NEWARK SUPERGROUP; CULPEPER BASIN; BIOTIC CRISIS; SOUTH CHINA; TIME-SCALE; STRATIGRAPHY AB Conchostracans or clam shrimp (order Conchostraca Sars) are arthropods with a carapace consisting of two chitinous lateral valves. Triassic conchostracans range in size from 2 to 12.5 mm long and are common in deposits that formed in fresh water lakes, isolated ponds and brackish areas. Their dessication- and freeze-resistant eggs can be dispersed by wind over long distances. Therefore many conchostracan species are distributed throughout the entire northern hemisphere. In the Late Permian to Middle Triassic interval, several of these forms are also found in Gondwana. Many wide-ranging conchostracan species have short stratigraphic ranges, making them excellent guide forms for subdivision of Triassic time and for long-range correlations. The stratigraphic resolution that can be achieved with conchostracan zones is often as high as for ammonoid and conodont zones found in pelagic marine deposits. This makes conchostracans the most useful group available for biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation in continental lake deposits. Upper Triassic Gondwanan conchostracan faunas are different from conchostracan faunas of the northern hemisphere. In the Norian, some slight provincialism can be observed even within the northern hemisphere. For example, the Sevatian Redondestheria seems to be restricted to North America and Acadiestheriella n. gen. so far has been found only in the Sevatian deposits from the Fundy Basin of southeastern Canada. Here we establish a conchostracan zonation for the Changhsingian (Late Permian) to Hettangian (Early Jurassic) of the northern hemisphere that, for the most part, is very well correlated with the marine scale. This zonation is especially robust for the Changhsingian to early Anisian, late Ladinian to Cordevolian and Rhaetian to Hettangian intervals. For most of the Middle and Upper Triassic, this zonation is still preliminary. Five new genera, six new species and a new subspecies of conchostracans are described that are stratigraphically important. C1 [Weems, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kozur, HW (reprint author), Rezsu U 83, H-1029 Budapest, Hungary. EM kozurh@helka.iif.hu NR 383 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-296-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2010 VL 334 BP 315 EP 417 DI 10.1144/SP334.13 PG 103 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA BTX96 UT WOS:000288384400013 ER PT J AU Haroldson, MA Schwartz, CC Kendall, KC Gunther, KA Moody, DS Frey, K Paetkau, D AF Haroldson, Mark A. Schwartz, Charles C. Kendall, Katherine C. Gunther, Kerry A. Moody, David S. Frey, Kevin Paetkau, David TI Genetic analysis of individual origins supports isolation of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian clustering; DNA; factorial correspondence; grizzly bear; immigration; Northern Continental Divide; Yellowstone; Ursus arctos ID AMERICAN BROWN BEARS; NATAL DISPERSAL; URSUS-ARCTOS; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; EXPLORATION; CANADA; BLACK AB The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) supports the southernmost of the 2 largest remaining grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations in the contiguous United States. Since the mid-1980s, this population has increased in numbers and expanded in range. However, concerns for its long-term genetic health remain because of its presumed continued isolation. To test the power of genetic methods for detecting immigrants, we generated 16-locus microsatellite genotypes for 424 individual grizzly bears sampled in the GYE during 1983-2007. Genotyping success was high (90%) and varied by sample type, with poorest success (40%) for hair collected from mortalities found >= 1 day after death. Years of storage did not affect genotyping success. Observed heterozygosity was 0.60, with a mean of 5.2 alleles/marker. We used factorial correspondence analysis (Program GENETIX) and Bayesian clustering (Program STRUCTURE) to compare 424 GYE genotypes with 601 existing genotypes from grizzly bears sampled in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) (F(ST) = 0.096 between GYE and NCDE). These methods correctly classified all sampled individuals to their population of origin, providing no evidence of natural movement between the GYE and NCDE. Analysis of 500 simulated first-generation crosses suggested that over 95% of such bears would also be detectable using our 16-locus data set. Our approach provides a practical method for detecting immigration in the GYE grizzly population. We discuss estimates for the proportion of the GYE population sampled and prospects for natural immigration into the GYE. C1 [Haroldson, Mark A.; Schwartz, Charles C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Gunther, Kerry A.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Moody, David S.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Lander, WY 82520 USA. [Frey, Kevin] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Paetkau, David] Wildlife Genet Int, Nelson, BC V1L 5P9, Canada. RP Haroldson, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Team, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM mark_haroldson@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD); National Park Service; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Idaho Fish and Game Department FX Funding and support for the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team was provided by the US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD); National Park Service; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; and the Idaho Fish and Game Department. Since 1997, grizzly bear capture and handling procedures were reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division; procedures conformed to the Animal Welfare Act and to US Government principles for the utilization and care of vertebrate animals used in testing, research, and training. Captures were conducted under USFWS Endangered Species Permit [Section (i) C and D of the grizzly bear 4(d) rule, 50 CFR17.40 (b)] and YNP Research Permit YELL-00073. We thank M. Bruscino, WGFD, for providing grizzly bear samples. We also recognize the dedicated field crews that safely handled bears and procured the samples needed for this work. We thank K. West for editing early drafts of the manuscript and S. Schmitz for sample preparation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 119 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.2192/09GR022.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 595IA UT WOS:000277602700001 ER PT J AU Aryal, A Sathyakumar, S Schwartz, CC AF Aryal, Achyut Sathyakumar, S. Schwartz, Charles C. TI Current status of brown bears in the Manasalu Conservation Area, Nepal SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE brown bear; distribution; livestock depredation; Nepal; Ursus arctos ID MANAGEMENT; PAKISTAN AB Although brown bears (Ursus arctos) are rare in the Himalayan region, populations have been documented in alpine habitats of Pakistan and India. Brown bears were once known to exist in both Nepal and Bhutan, but current information on their numbers and distributions was lacking. We document the presence of brown bears in the Manasalu Conservation Area (MCA) in Nepal using field surveys and interviews with local people. We were able to confirm the existence of a remnant population based on finding bear scat and locations where bears excavated for Himalayan marmots (Mamma himalayana). Based on interviews with local people, it appeared that the presence of brown bears in the area is relatively recent and likely a result of immigration of bears from the Tibetan Autonomous Region. Interviews with local herders also indicated that livestock losses from brown bear predation amounted to approximately 318,000 Nepali rupees (US $4,240) from February 2006 through July 2008. C1 [Aryal, Achyut] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Ecol & Conservat Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Sathyakumar, S.] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttarakhand, India. [Schwartz, Charles C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Aryal, A (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Ecol & Conservat Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. EM savefauna@yahoo.com RI Aryal, Achyut/A-8330-2013; OI Aryal, Achyut/0000-0001-6658-8714; Aryal, Achyut/0000-0002-2695-9901 FU Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Lomanagthang; International Association for Bear Research and Management (IBA), USA; Rufford Small Grant Foundation, UK; Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF), Japan FX We thank respondents and informants from the study area for providing us valuable information. We are indebted to N. Lama (Officer in charge of the Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Lomanagthang) for his support and coordination with local people. We acknowledge M. Chhetri for providing permission to conduct this study in Manasalu Conservation Area Project. We thank the International Association for Bear Research and Management (IBA), USA, Rufford Small Grant Foundation, UK, and Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF), Japan, for providing financial support, and F. Dean and D. Garshelis for their encouragement and support. We thank Idea Wild for providing research equipment. We also thank Prabhat Pal and T.B. Chhetri for help with data collection and T.K. Shrestha for suggested edits. We thank P. Gogan, E. Olexa, and K. Kendall for providing reviews as part of the Fundamental Sciences Practices requirements for the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.2192/09GR029.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 595IA UT WOS:000277602700011 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Hennessy, DP Dillon, FS AF Mebane, Christopher A. Hennessy, Daniel P. Dillon, Frank S. TI Incubating Rainbow Trout in Soft Water Increased Their Later Sensitivity to Cadmium and Zinc SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Hardness acclimation; Softwater; Zinc; Rainbow trout ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COPPER TOXICITY; FATHEAD MINNOWS; ACCLIMATION; HARDNESS; EXPOSURE AB Water hardness is well known to affect the toxicity of some metals; however, reports on the influence of hardness during incubation or acclimation on later toxicity to metals have been conflicting. We incubated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) near the confluence of two streams, one with soft water and one with very-soft water (average incubation hardnesses of about 21 and 11 mg/L as CaCO3, respectively). After developing to the swim-up stage, the fish were exposed for 96-h to a mixture of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in water with a hardness of 27 mg/L as CaCO3. The fish incubated in the higher hardness water were about two times more resistant than the fish incubated in the extremely soft water. This difference was similar or greater than the difference that would have been predicted by criteria hardness equations had the fish been tested in the different acclimation waters. We think it is plausible that the energy demands for fish to maintain homeostasis in the lower hardness water make the fish more sensitive to metals that inhibit ionoregulation such as Cd and Zn. We suggest that if important decisions were to be based upon test results, assumptions of adequate hardness acclimation should be carefully considered and short acclimation periods avoided. If practical, incubating rainbow trout in the control waters to be tested may reduce uncertainties in the possible influences of differing rearing water hardness on the test results. C1 [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Hennessy, Daniel P.] Anchor QEA LLC, Bellingham, WA USA. [Dillon, Frank S.] CH2M Hill Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM cmebane@usgs.gov; dhennessy@anchorqea.com; fdillon@CH2M.com RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1-4 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s11270-009-0070-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 533UN UT WOS:000272851000019 ER PT B AU Bullen, TD Amundson, R AF Bullen, T. D. Amundson, R. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Interpreting Ca and Fe stable isotope signals in carbonates: A new perspective SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID FRACTIONATION; SPECTROSCOPY; DELTA-CA-44; CALCITE; IRON AB Calcium and iron stable isotope compositions (Ca-44/Ca-40, Fe-56/Fe-54) of co-precipitated aragonite and siderite and co-located water, sampled along a 10 m stream transect down-gradient from a CO2- charged spring, are used to define mineral-liquid isotope fractionation factors for this natural system (Delta(aragonite) (Ca-aqueousCa)similar to-0.6%, Delta(siderite Fe-aqueous) (Fe) similar to-1.7%). The factor for Ca is greater than that obtained in laboratory studies of aragonite crystallization, and close to the equilibrium fractionation factor deduced from field studies of long-term re-crystallization of calcium carbonate. The factor for Fe is less than that obtained in laboratory studies of siderite crystallization, and close to the calculated equilibrium fractionation factor based on theoretical models. While differences in siderite and aragonite crystallization rate may in part account for these differences, the results might likewise be explained in terms of the relative roles of processes leading to expression of either the theoretical or natural long-term equilibrium fractionation factors in a given mineral-water system. C1 [Bullen, T. D.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Amundson, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Soil Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600013 ER PT B AU Kiro, Y Starinsky, A Yechieli, Y Voss, CI Weinstein, Y AF Kiro, Y. Starinsky, A. Yechieli, Y. Voss, C. I. Weinstein, Y. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI The application of radium isotopes in the evaluation of saline water circulation in the Dead Sea aquifer SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID RETARDATION AB Radium isotopes in the Dead Sea Lake and the surrounding aquifer were studied in order to define the processes controlling their activities in the lake and in the groundwater. Ra-226 activities in the groundwater show a significant removal of Ra-226 from the lake water as they enter the aquifer. Short-lived radium isotopes show a nonlinear relation with salinity which is caused by the effect of salinity on the adsorption of radium. Simulations of radium distribution in the aquifer, using the code of SUTRA-MS, were done in order to estimate the adsorption distribution coefficient of radium in the aquifer. Ra-228 activities in the Dead Sea water are much higher than the expected activities according to the radium sources to the Dead Sea. These observations together with the removal of Ra-226 in the Dead Sea groundwater may indicate a large-scale saline water circulation in the aquifer. C1 [Kiro, Y.; Starinsky, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. [Yechieli, Y.] Geol Survey Israel, Jerusalem, Israel. [Voss, C. I.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Weinstein, Y.] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog, Ramat Gan, Israel. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 75 EP 77 PG 3 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600016 ER PT B AU Evans, WC Mariner, RH Bergfeld, D Revesz, KM McGeehin, JP AF Evans, W. C. Mariner, R. H. Bergfeld, D. Revesz, K. M. McGeehin, J. P. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Carbon isotope composition of CO2 at Cascade Arc volcanoes SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID THERMAL SPRINGS; CENTRAL OREGON; USA; GEOCHEMISTRY; CALIFORNIA; FUMAROLES; INTRUSION AB CO2 from gas vents or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in spring waters can constrain the isotopic composition of magmatic CO2 at all but one (Medicine Lake) of the 12 major volcanoes of the Cascade Arc in western USA. A compilation of new and published carbon-isotope data obtained from these features shows that only Baker and Newberry have MORB-like delta C-13 values near - 7%. Glacier Peak, Rainier, Adams, St. Helens, Hood, South Sister, Crater Lake, Shasta, and Lassen have delta C-13 values in the - 8.5 to - 12% range. Inclusion of the DIC data fills in areal gaps and verifies the discharge of isotopically light CO2, likely resulting from subduction of organic-rich sediments, along nearly the entire length of the arc. C1 [Evans, W. C.; Mariner, R. H.; Bergfeld, D.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Revesz, K. M.; McGeehin, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 198 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600045 ER PT B AU Wei, W Kastner, M Rosenbauer, R Chan, LH Weinstein, Y AF Wei, W. Kastner, M. Rosenbauer, R. Chan, L. H. Weinstein, Y. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Alkali elements as geothermometers for ridge flanks and subduction zones SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; 500 BARS; 350-DEGREES-C; SEDIMENTS; SEAWATER; BASALT AB Hydrothermal experiments were conducted on basaltic ash and smectite, with a water/rock mass ratio of similar to 5-8, at 600 bar pressure. The reaction temperature was gradually changed from 35 to 350 degrees C at 20-50 degrees C increments, and at each temperature steady-state was reached. The results indicate that each alkali metal has a distinct temperature-dependant partition profile between fluid and the solid phase. The data indicate significant fractionations among alkali metals from 35-350 degrees C and a strong influence by the starting solids on the mobility of the alkali metals. The reactivity of the solid for Li isotopes increases dramatically with temperature. Cesium exhibits significant affinity for the fluid at temperatures as low as 150 degrees C, suggesting that ridge flanks may be an important source of Cs to the ocean. The results also suggest that alkali element ratios together with Li isotope ratios may be used as approximate geothermometers for deep-sourced fluid at subduction zones. C1 [Wei, W.; Kastner, M.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Rosenbauer, R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chan, L. H.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Weinstein, Y.] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Ramat Gan, Israel. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 223 EP 225 PG 3 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600052 ER PT B AU Buss, HL White, AF Dessert, C Gaillardet, J Blum, AE Sak, PB AF Buss, H. L. White, A. F. Dessert, C. Gaillardet, J. Blum, A. E. Sak, P. B. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Depth profiles in a tropical, volcanic critical zone observatory: Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; PUERTO-RICO AB The Bras David watershed on the French island of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles is located on a late Quaternary volcaniclastic debris flow of dominantly andesitic composition. The bedrock is mantled by more than 12 m of highly leached regolith. The regolith is depleted with respect to most primary minerals and weathering is dominated by the dissolution and precipitation of clays. Mineral nutrient cations such as Mg, K, and P are largely present adsorbed to, or co-precipitated with, clays and iron oxides. Surface soils (< 0.3 m depth) are enriched in feldspar, quartz, cristobalite, and Fe(II), Ca, K, and Mg relative to the underlying regolith, likely reflecting atmospheric deposition, possibly related to volcanic activity. C1 [Buss, H. L.; White, A. F.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dessert, C.; Gaillardet, J.] Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Blum, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO USA. [Sak, P. B.] Dickinson Coll, Dept Geol, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RI GAILLARDET, Jerome/F-9096-2010; Dessert, celine/E-3599-2017 OI GAILLARDET, Jerome/0000-0001-7982-1159; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 245 EP 248 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600057 ER PT B AU Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB Susong, DD Runkel, RL Ball, JW AF Nordstrom, D. K. McCleskey, R. B. Susong, D. D. Runkel, R. L. Ball, J. W. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Fate of thermal solutes for Gibbon and Firehole Rivers, Yellowstone National Park, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst AB Chemical analyses and discharge measurements were completed for the Gibbon River in 2006 and for the Firehole River in 2007. The results define the physical and chemical loading of these rivers from water and solutes leaving Norris and Gibbon Geyser Basins for the Gibbon River, and Upper, Midway, and Lower Geyser Basins for the Firehole River under low-flow conditions. Unlike most rivers, major solutes and trace solutes were found to have little or no attenuation over 30 km. The constituents SiO2, Hg, Fe, Mn, Hg, Al, and RE were slightly attenuated. Even Al in the Gibbon River was mostly dissolved at 0.2-0.4 mg/L concentration and pH of 7, because of complexing with F (3-4.5 mg/L). About 10% of the Gibbon River and 30% of the Firehole River was derived from thermal flows. Lack of trace element attenuation is likely caused by precipitation and competitive sorption effects of silica. C1 [Nordstrom, D. K.; McCleskey, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Susong, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, CO USA. [Runkel, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ball, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Selma, OR USA. OI McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600061 ER PT B AU Wanty, RB Verplanck, PL Bern, C SanJuan, C deWitt, EH Klein, TL Fey, D Schmidt, TS Church, SE AF Wanty, R. B. Verplanck, P. L. Bern, C. SanJuan, C. deWitt, E. H. Klein, T. L. Fey, D. Schmidt, T. S. Church, S. E. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Weathering rates in headwater catchments of central Colorado, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID ALPINE CATCHMENTS; SURFACE-WATER; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Streams were sampled in central Colorado, USA, to evaluate effects of catchment lithology on stream-water chemistry. Drainage from abandoned mines and natural weathering of hydrothermally altered rocks, causes some streams to have low pH and high concentrations of metals and sulfate (acid-rock drainage, or ARD). In the absence of these effects, weathering of some lithologic groups influences water chemistry. In the presence of ARD, greater concentrations of alkali metals and alkaline earths are observed, but their contribution to the total element load is less than that for Fe, Al, and SO4 below pH 5. In the absence of ARD, drainages from certain highly weatherable lithologic groups have greater chemical weathering rates. Median chemical weathering rates for all sites was 11,500 kg a(-1) km(-2). In the absence of ARD, median weathering rate was 5,400 kg a(-1) km(-2), which is lower than published rates in wetter climates. C1 [Wanty, R. B.; Verplanck, P. L.; Bern, C.; SanJuan, C.; deWitt, E. H.; Klein, T. L.; Fey, D.; Schmidt, T. S.; Church, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600064 ER PT B AU Breit, GN Goldstein, HL Yount, JC Reynolds, RL AF Breit, G. N. Goldstein, H. L. Yount, J. C. Reynolds, R. L. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Storage of soluble arsenic within the vadose zone of the Mojave Desert, USA SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst AB Dissolved arsenic accumulates in salts formed by evaporation of dilute and saline water at the ground surface and in the vadose zone in some areas within the Mojave Desert. The distribution and abundance of salts containing water-soluble arsenic is variably dependent on salinity and depth to the saturated zone. Dilute water (< 5 mS/cm) is able to transfer arsenic through a vadose zone as thick as 4 m resulting in accumulations at the ground surface. Greater salinity (15 to 90 mS) limits the vertical rise of water resulting in arsenic accumulation in the subsurface. C1 [Breit, G. N.; Goldstein, H. L.; Yount, J. C.; Reynolds, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 279 EP 282 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600065 ER PT B AU Wang, B Eberl, D Gough, L Frohbieter, D AF Wang, B. Eberl, D. Gough, L. Frohbieter, D. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Mercury in soils along a N/S transect in Alaska SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst AB Mercury concentration and Hg mass gain in surface soils were evaluated for soil samples taken along a N/S transect in Alaska. Mercury and organic carbon content were determined in surface and subsurface soils from 177 sites. Mercury quantification was by cold-vapor atomic absorption. Organic soil carbon calculated as the difference between total and inorganic carbon. The median Hg concentration was significantly higher in O-horizon samples compared to A-horizon or subsurface samples and significantly higher in the A-horizon samples compared to those of the subsurface. The Hg concentration in the surface horizons (O and A) was positively correlated with both soil organic carbon content and the subsurface Hg concentration. Concentration profiles and mass gain of Hg in the surface horizons along much of the transect are consistent with a distribution that reflects atmospheric Hg deposition. However, geogenic Hg likely accounts for the increase in Hg concentration in surface soils through the Alaska Range. C1 [Wang, B.; Frohbieter, D.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Eberl, D.] USGS, Boulder, CO USA. [Gough, L.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 311 EP 314 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600073 ER PT B AU Deng, YM Wang, YX Ma, T AF Deng, Yamin Wang, Yanxin Ma, Teng BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Geochemistry of trace oxyanions in arsenic affected aquifer from Hangjinhouqi, Inner Mongolia SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst AB High As groundwater is widely distributed in the northwestern Hetao Basin, an arid region with slow groundwater flow. The distribution and geochemical behavior of oxyanions (B, Sb, Mo, W, U) and arsenic/fluoride in groundwater from arsenicosis area were investigated. The significant relationship between the concentrations of these elements and arsenic indicate they have similar sources and/or processes controlling their concentration, such as adsorption-desorption or redox transformation associated with iron oxides under certain conditions. C1 [Deng, Yamin; Wang, Yanxin; Ma, Teng] China Univ Geosci, Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, MOE, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Deng, Yamin] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40830748, 40872157]; Ministry of Education of China (111 project); China-Russia International Cooperation and Exchange Project of NSFC-RFBR [40711120189] FX The research work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830748 and No. 40872157), the Ministry of Education of China (111 project), the China-Russia International Cooperation and Exchange Project of NSFC-RFBR (No. 40711120189). We appreciate the suggestions and comments of Dr. Kirk Nordstrom from USGS, which have improved the manuscript. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600106 ER PT B AU White, AF Vivit, DV Schulz, MS Fitzpatrick, J AF White, A. F. Vivit, D. V. Schulz, M. S. Fitzpatrick, J. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI The weathering of granite: Results of 14 year-long column experiments SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID RATES; ROCKS AB Fresh and weathered granitic rocks were reacted in flow-through columns for 14 years, the longest time yet achieved in any experimental study. Effluent fluxes of major cations and Si continued to decrease for the first 4 years and reached approximate steady-state conditions for the next 10 years. Plagioclase weathering rates varied between 0.7 and 2.0 x 10(-13) moles m(-2) s(-1). Fresh granite weathering was very heterogeneous and, based on cation and Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios, evolved from the initial reaction of disturbed plagioclase surfaces and rapid dissolution of trace amounts of calcite to biotite oxidation and finally to bulk dissolution of plagioclase. Calculations indicated the effluents remained far from thermodynamic saturation. The low plagioclase rates achieved after long reaction times are not due to reaction affinity effects but to intrinsic mineral properties. C1 [White, A. F.; Vivit, D. V.; Schulz, M. S.; Fitzpatrick, J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 755 EP 758 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600179 ER PT B AU Bern, CR Chadwick, OA AF Bern, C. R. Chadwick, O. A. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Quantifying colloid mass redistribution in soils and other physical mass transfers SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst AB Concentration ratios of High Field Strength (HFS) elements such as Ti and Zr can be used to trace both the physical mixing of different sediments and processes of selective sediment removal, provided certain assumptions are valid for the particular application. Quantification is accomplished by substituting HFS element ratios into well-known isotopic mixing equations. The technique is illustrated here using data from a hydrologically connected topographic sequence of soils from a savannah in South Africa. HFS element ratios trace the quantity of colloidal material that water has removed from upslope soils and mixed with downslope soils. Because of lower geochemical constraints, extra caution will be warranted in using HFS element ratios rather than isotopic ratios as tracers. The technique could be used to quantify parent material sources in soil, sediment mixing in depositional environments, or eolian sediment redistribution. C1 [Bern, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chadwick, O. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600181 ER PT B AU Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Bullen, TD Cole, DR Phelps, TJ Birkholzer, JT Hovorka, SD AF Kharaka, Y. K. Thordsen, J. J. Bullen, T. D. Cole, D. R. Phelps, T. J. Birkholzer, J. T. Hovorka, S. D. BE Birkle, P TorresAlvarado, IS TI Near surface and deep subsurface monitoring for successful geologic sequestration of CO2 SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION (WRI-13) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Centro Investigac Cientifica Educac Super Ensenada, Int Assoc GeoChemistry, WRI 7 USGS, Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Agua, Schlumberger Water Serv, Univ Guanajuato, Deutsche Gesell Tech Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst ID WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; SALINE AQUIFERS; STORAGE; USA AB Geochemical results from Multi-laboratory Frio Brine Pilot I-II (Texas) proved powerful in: 1-Tracking the flow of CO2 into the Frio sandstones; 2-showing that some CO2 was detected in the overlying B sandstone that is separated by 15 m of shale; and 3-showing mobilization of metals, organics, and major changes in chemical and isotopic compositions of brine, including calculated pH lowering (6.3-3.0) and increases in alkalinity. Geochemical modeling, chemical data and Fe isotopes indicate rapid dissolution of minerals, especially calcite and Fe-oxyhydroxides, and that portions of metal increases were caused by corrosion of well pipe. Similar isotopic and chemical changes were also observed in samples obtained from shallow (1.5 m) potable groundwater following CO2 injection in the ZERT site, Montana. Results from both the deep and shallow tests show highly sensitive chemical and isotopic tracers that can monitor injection performance and provide early detection of CO2 and brine leakages at CO2 injection sites. C1 [Kharaka, Y. K.; Thordsen, J. J.; Bullen, T. D.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cole, D. R.; Phelps, T. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Birkholzer, J. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Hovorka, S. D.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX USA. FU DOE-NETL; EPRI; EPA; DOE; LBNL; USGS FX The Frio Brine Pilot was directed by Susan Hovorka, TBEG, Austin, TX, managed by Sandia Technologies, LLC, and funded by DOE-NETL. The ZERT project is directed by Lee Spangler and managed by Laura Dobeck, MSU, Bozeman, MT; it was funded primarily by EPRI, but also by EPA, DOE, LBNL and USGS. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6299-5; 978-0-415-60426-0 PY 2010 BP 867 EP 870 PG 4 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BG7YG UT WOS:000392008600205 ER PT J AU Verhougstraete, MP Byappanahalli, MN Rose, JB Whitman, RL AF Verhougstraete, M. P. Byappanahalli, M. N. Rose, J. B. Whitman, R. L. TI Cladophora in the Great Lakes: impacts on beach water quality and human health SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cladophora; Great Lakes; indicator bacteria; public health; recreational water quality ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEARSHORE WATER; ALGA CLADOPHORA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FORESHORE SAND; FRESH-WATER; MICHIGAN; PERSISTENCE; GROWTH AB Cladophora in the Great Lakes grows rapidly during the warm summer months, detaches, and becomes free-floating mats as a result of environmental conditions, eventually becoming stranded on recreational beaches. Cladophora provides protection and nutrients, which allow enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli, enterococci, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella to persist and potentially regrow in the presence of the algae. As a result of wind and wave action, these microorganisms can detach and be released to surrounding waters and can influence water quality. Enteric bacterial pathogens have been detected in Cladophora mats; E. coli and enterococci may populate to become part of the naturalized microbiota in Cladophora; the high densities of these bacteria may affect water quality, resulting in unnecessary beach closures. The continued use of traditional fecal indicators at beaches with Cladophora presence is inadequate at accurately predicting the presence of fecal contamination. This paper offers a substantial review of available literature to improve the knowledge of Cladophora impacts on water quality, recreational water monitoring, fecal indicator bacteria and microorganisms, and public health and policy. C1 [Verhougstraete, M. P.; Rose, J. B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Byappanahalli, M. N.; Whitman, R. L.] United State Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Verhougstraete, MP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM verhoug3@msu.edu; byappan@usgs.gov; rosejo@msu.edu; rwhitman@usgs.gov OI Verhougstraete, Marc/0000-0003-4154-7531 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 29 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.2166/wst.2010.230 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 624IK UT WOS:000279810700010 PM 20595755 ER PT J AU Pierluissi, S AF Pierluissi, Sergio TI Breeding Waterbirds in Rice Fields: A Global Review SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE breeding birds; cranes; nest density; nest success; rails; rice fields; shorebirds; waterfowl AB Important and unique breeding bird communities occur in rice fields throughout the world, but little is known about breeding densities and nest success, and, therefore, the value of rice fields to breeding birds. Breeding bird use of rice fields is divided into five categories: 1) nesting in standing rice crop, 2) nesting on levees within fields or at field perimeters, 3) nesting in associated irrigation canals and ditches, 4) nesting in other wet areas that exist because of rice cultivation, and 5) use of fields for foraging, while breeding in adjacent habitats. Nest density and nest success vary greatly based on the region, management practices, and species' requirements. Birds commonly nesting in rice fields include ducks, bitterns, rails, shorebirds, terns and some passerines. Herons often use rice fields heavily while breeding in adjacent habitat. Research on nest densities, nest success, nestling and fledgling success, and microhabitat selection is needed to better understand the bird communities that use rice fields. Received 22 July 2008, accepted 15 May 2009. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbus, OH 43230 USA. RP Pierluissi, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4625 Morse Rd,Suite 104, Columbus, OH 43230 USA. EM sergio.pierluissi@gmail.com NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2010 VL 33 SI 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1675/063.033.s109 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA V26KX UT WOS:000208545600009 ER PT J AU Stafford, JD Kaminski, RM Reinecke, KJ AF Stafford, Joshua D. Kaminski, Richard M. Reinecke, Kenneth J. TI Avian Foods, Foraging and Habitat Conservation in World Rice Fields SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE avian conservation; food resources; foraging habitat; invertebrates; plant seeds; rice; waste rice; waterbirds; waterfowl; wetlands AB Worldwide, rice (Oryza saliva) agriculture typically involves seasonal flooding and soil tillage, which provides a variety of microhabitats and potential food for birds. Water management in rice fields creates conditions ranging from saturated mud flats to shallow (<30 cm) water, thereby attracting different guilds of birds. Grain not collected during harvest (i.e. waste rice) is typically the most abundant potential food of birds in rice fields, with estimates of seed mass from North America ranging from 66-672 kg/ha. Although initially abundant after harvest, waste rice availability can be temporally limited. Few abundance estimates for other foods, such as vertebrate prey or forage vegetation, exist for rice fields. Outside North America, Europe and japan, little is known about abundance and importance of any avian food in rice fields. Currently, flooding rice fields after harvest is the best known management practice to attract and benefit birds. Studies from North America indicate specific agricultural practices (e.g. burning stubble) may increase use and improve access to food resources. Evaluating and implementing management practices that are ecologically sustainable, increase food for birds and are agronomically beneficial should be global priorities to integrate rice production and avian conservation. Finally, land area devoted to rice agriculture appears to be stable in the USA, declining in China, and largely unquantified in many regions. Monitoring trends in riceland area may provide information to guide avian conservation planning in rice-agriculture ecosystems. Received 17 October 2007, accepted 28 April 2009. C1 [Stafford, Joshua D.] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabl, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, FC Bellrose Waterfowl Res Ctr, Havana, IL 62644 USA. [Kaminski, Richard M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Stafford, JD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabl, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, FC Bellrose Waterfowl Res Ctr, POB 590, Havana, IL 62644 USA. EM jdstaff@illinois.edu NR 137 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 27 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2010 VL 33 SI 1 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1675/063.033.s110 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA V26KX UT WOS:000208545600010 ER PT J AU King, S Elphick, CS Guadagnin, D Taft, O Amano, T AF King, Sammy Elphick, Chris S. Guadagnin, Demetrio Taft, Oriane Amano, Tatsuya TI Effects of Landscape Features on Waterbird Use of Rice Fields SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; landscape structure; matrix; rails; rice; shorebirds; wading birds; waterbirds; waterfowl; wetlands AB Literature is reviewed to determine the effects of landscape features on waterbird use of fields in regions where rice (Oryza saliva) is grown. Rice-growing landscapes often consist of diverse land uses and land cover, including rice fields, irrigation ditches, other agricultural fields, grasslands, forests and natural wetlands. Numerous studies indicate that local management practices, such as water depth and timing of flooding and drawdown, can strongly influence waterbird use of a given rice field. However, the effects of size and distribution of rice fields and associated habitats at a landscape scale have received less attention. Even fewer studies have focused on local and landscape effects simultaneously. Habitat connectivity; area of rice, distance to natural wetlands, and presence and distance to unsuitable habitat can be important parameters influencing bird use of rice fields. However, responses to a given landscape vary with landscape structure, scale of analysis, among taxa and within taxa among seasons. A lack of multi-scale studies, particularly those extending beyond simple presence and abundance of a given species, and a lack of direct tests comparing the relative importance of landscape features with in-field management activities limits understanding of the importance of landscape in these systems and hampers waterbird conservation and management. Received 25 April 2008, accepted 20 April 2009. C1 [King, Sammy] LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Elphick, Chris S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Elphick, Chris S.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Conservat & Biodivers, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Guadagnin, Demetrio] Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS Lab Ecol & Conservat Aquat Ecosyst, BR-93022000 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. [Taft, Oriane] Watershed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Amano, Tatsuya] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. RP King, S (reprint author), LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sking16@lsu.edu RI Guadagnin, Demetrio/H-3134-2012; OI Guadagnin, Demetrio Luis/0000-0003-4920-3709 NR 70 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 33 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2010 VL 33 SI 1 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1675/063.033.s111 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA V26KX UT WOS:000208545600011 ER PT J AU Bin Muzaffar, S Takekawa, JY Prosser, DJ Newman, SH Xiao, XM AF Bin Muzaffar, Sabir Takekawa, John Y. Prosser, Diann J. Newman, Scott H. Xiao, Xiangming TI Rice Production Systems and Avian Influenza: Interactions between Mixed-farming Systems, Poultry and Wild Birds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; bird flu; disease; HPAI H5N1; rice agriculture; Southeast Asia; wild birds AB Wild waterfowl are the reservoir for avian influenza viruses (AIV's), a family of RNA viruses that may cause mild sickness in waterbirds. Emergence of H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strain, causing severe disease and mortality in wild birds, poultry and humans, had raised concerns about the role of wild birds in possible transmission of the disease. In this review, the link between rice production systems, poultry production systems, and wild bird ecology is examined to assess the extent to which these interactions could contribute towards the persistence and evolution of HPAI H5N1. The rice (Oryza saliva) and poultry production systems in Asia described, and then migration and movements of wild birds discussed. Mixed farming systems in Asia and wild bird movement and migration patterns create opportunities for the persistence of low pathogenic AIVs in these systems. Nonetheless, there is no evidence of long-term persistence of HPAI viruses (including the H5N1 subtype) in the wild. There are still significant gaps in the understanding of how AIVs circulate in rice systems. A better understanding of persistence of AIVs in rice farms, particularly of poultry origins, is essential in limiting exchange of AIVs between mixed-farming systems, poultry and wild birds. Received 17 March 2008, accepted 15 June 2009. C1 [Bin Muzaffar, Sabir; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Bin Muzaffar, Sabir] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Beltsville Lab, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Infect Dis Grp, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Bin Muzaffar, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM s_muzaffar@uaeu.ac.ae OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799; Muzaffar, Sabir/0000-0001-9195-1677 FU USGS Western Ecological Research Center; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; USGS avian influenza program; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; University of New Hampshire; National Institutes of Health FX We thank the editors for the opportunity to provide a discussion on this topic as well as suggestions to improve the paper. We also thank one anonymous reviewer for comments. Funding support was provided by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center (S. Schwarzbach), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (J. Howell), USGS avian influenza program (R. Kearney), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, University of New Hampshire and National Institutes of Health. The paper benefited from the comments of A. Lang, Memorial University, and A. Schultz, USGS Western Ecological Research Center. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2010 VL 33 SI 1 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA V26KX UT WOS:000208545600016 ER PT J AU Rolland, V Hostetler, JA Hines, TC Percival, HF Oli, MK AF Rolland, Virginie Hostetler, Jeffrey A. Hines, Tommy C. Percival, H. Franklin Oli, Madan K. TI Impact of harvest on survival of a heavily hunted game bird population SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; COMPENSATORY MORTALITY; PREDATION; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; GROUSE; QUAIL; RATES AB Context. Despite their economic importance and intensive management, many game bird species, including the northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus, are in decline. Declines may be explained, at least in part, by low survival due perhaps to poor habitat quality, high predation or excessive hunting pressure. Aims. This study sought to estimate and model annual/seasonal survival probabilities, to evaluate factors influencing them and to determine the cause-specific mortality rates for northern bobwhites subject to varying levels of harvest on the Babcock-Webb Wildlife Management Area (BW area), south Florida, USA. Methods. We applied Cox's proportional hazard models to data collected from 2066 radio-tagged bobwhites during 2002-2008 to test for intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting survival and the non-parametric cumulative incidence function estimator to estimate cause-specific mortality rates. Key results. Mean annual survival (0.091 +/- 0.006) in the BW area was lower than most estimates reported for other bobwhite populations. Annual survival differed between adults (0.111 +/- 0.008) and juveniles (0.052 +/- 0.008), and varied among years. Survival in winter (October-March; 0.295 +/- 0.014) was similar to that in summer (April-September; 0.307 +/- 0.013). Density of food strips (i.e. long and narrow food plots) did not influence survival, but hunting effort (number of hunters per day per km(2)) had a substantial negative impact on survival. In the lightly hunted field trial zone, winter (October-March) survival was significantly higher (0.414 +/- 0.035) than in the other more heavily hunted management zones (0.319 +/- 0.016). Cause-specific mortality analyses revealed that bobwhite mortality during summer (April-September) was mainly due to raptor (39.7%) and mammalian predation (35.6%), whereas hunting was the primary cause of mortality during winter (47.1%). Conclusions. Our results highlight the potential role of harvest as an important cause of the northern bobwhite population declines in south Florida. High mortality during winter may reduce recruitment of juveniles to the reproductive segment of the population, and ultimately the population growth. Implications. Our results suggest that reduction in hunting pressure may be necessary to reverse the declining population trends in heavily hunted game species in public lands, such as the northern bobwhites in the BW area. C1 [Rolland, Virginie; Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife & Ecol Conservat, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hines, Tommy C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Small Game Program, Newberry, FL 32669 USA. RP Rolland, V (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife & Ecol Conservat, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM vrolland@ufl.edu RI Hostetler, Jeffrey/A-3345-2011 OI Hostetler, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3669-1758 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida FX We thank R. Dimmick for leading field data collection efforts, and S. & A. Brinkley, G. Coker, D. Caudill, D. Holt, J. McGrady, J. Sloane, and J. Scott for their significant contribution to data collection. We are grateful to the many volunteers from the south-west Florida Chapter of Quail Unlimited who aided the research in many ways. We also acknowledge A. Singh for preliminary data analysis, K. Pollock and R. Dorazio for statistical advice, C. McKelvy and T. O'Meara for valuable advice throughout the study, and B. Sandercock, N. Hyslop, F. Johnson, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Research was funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 28 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 5 BP 392 EP 400 DI 10.1071/WR09177 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 636UN UT WOS:000280768700005 ER PT J AU Singh, A Hines, TC Percival, HF Oli, MK AF Singh, Aditya Hines, Tommy C. Percival, H. Franklin Oli, Madan K. TI Does nest-site selection influence bobwhite nesting success in south Florida? SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bobwhite reproductive biology; Colinus virginianus; Florida; nesting habitat; nesting success; nest-site selection; northern bobwhites ID CLASSIFICATION-BASED ANALYSES; POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; HABITAT USE; WESTERN OKLAHOMA; HOME-RANGE; PREDATION; SURVIVAL; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB Context. Nest-site selection can influence nesting success, and thus population dynamics, of many species of ground-nesting birds. Despite the economic importance as a game species, populations of northern bobwhites have been declining throughout the southern United States. This paper reports the nesting ecology of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) on Babcock-Webb Wildlife Management Area, Florida, USA, and illustrates the influence of landscape composition and structure on bobwhite nest-site selection and nest fate. Aim. To investigate nest-site selection by bobwhites, to evaluate the influence of landscape composition and structure on nest-site selection, and to identify factors influencing nesting success. Methods. We used distance-based habitat-selection methods and logistic regression to test for nest-site selection and to investigate the influence of landscape characteristics on nesting success. Key results. Bobwhites preferred to establish nests closer to food plots and farther away from water bodies than expected; other habitats were neither preferred nor avoided. Nesting success did not vary across years, differ among habitats or among burn treatments, and none of the habitat and landscape variables we measured significantly influenced the probability that a nest would be successful. Conclusions. Bobwhites preferred to place nests closer to food plots. However, habitat features of nest sites did not influence bobwhite nesting success. These results may indicate that random nest predation by meso-mammalian predators may currently determine fates of bobwhite nests in south Florida, or that population density is low enough that only suitable nesting sites are occupied. Implications. Our results suggest that increasing the density of linear food plots, and maintaining a structurally diverse pine-palmetto and dry prairie habitat that provides adequate nesting cover could contribute to augmenting bobwhite nesting habitat. C1 [Singh, Aditya; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hines, Tommy C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Small Game Program, Newberry, FL 32669 USA. [Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 226 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM singh22@wisc.edu RI Singh, Aditya/I-3628-2013 OI Singh, Aditya/0000-0001-5559-9151 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Florida FX We thank Ralph W. Dimmick and Stephen Brinkley for leading the field data collection for this study. We thank M. Kemmerer and C. Pope for providing information on the history and management of the WMA, for assistance with equipment maintenance, and for general counsel and advice as the study progressed. A. Brinkley, G. Coker, C. McKelvy, D. Caudill, S. Dimmick, D. Holt, J. McGrady, J. Sloane, J. Scott, and L. Taylor assisted with data collection. T. O'Meara provided valuable advice throughout the study. We are grateful to the many volunteers from the South-west Florida Chapter of Quail Unlimited who aided the research in many ways. Research was funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation and School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Florida. We are grateful for two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions for improvement in the manuscript. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1071/WR09181 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 667GQ UT WOS:000283181400006 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, GS Link, WA Conroy, MJ Sauer, JR Richkus, KD Boomer, GS AF Zimmerman, G. S. Link, W. A. Conroy, M. J. Sauer, J. R. Richkus, K. D. Boomer, G. Scott TI Estimating migratory game-bird productivity by integrating age ratio and banding data SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN WOODCOCK; SURVIVAL; RATES; MAINE AB Context. Reproduction is a critical component of fitness, and understanding factors that influence temporal and spatial dynamics in reproductive output is important for effective management and conservation. Although several indices of reproductive output for wide-ranging species, such as migratory birds, exist, there has been no theoretical justification for their estimators or associated measures of variance. Aims. The aims of our research were to develop statistical justification for an estimator of reproduction and associated variances on the basis of an existing national wing-collection survey and banding data, and to demonstrate the applicability of this estimator to a migratory game bird. Methods. We used a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach to integrate wing-collection data, which provides information on population age ratios, and band-recovery data, which provides information on recovery probabilities of various age classes, for American woodcock (Scolopax minor) to estimate productivity and associated measures of variance. We present two models of relative vulnerability between age classes: one model assumed that adult recovery probabilities were higher, but that annual fluctuations were synchronous between the two age classes (i.e. an additive effect of age and year). The second model assumed that adults, on average, had higher recovery probabilities than did juveniles and that annual fluctuations were asynchronous through time (i.e. an interaction between age and year). Key results. Fitting our models within a hierarchical Bayesian framework efficiently incorporates the two data types into a single estimator and derives appropriate variances for the productivity estimator. Further, use of Bayesian methods enabled us to derive credible intervals that avoid the reliance on asymptotic assumptions. When applied to American woodcock data, the additive model resulted in biologically realistic and more precise age-ratio estimates each year and is adequate when the relative vulnerability to sampling only slightly varies or does not vary among components of a population (e.g. age, sex class) among years. Therefore, we recommend using woodcock indices from our analysis based on this model. Conclusions. We provide a flexible modelling framework for estimating productivity and associated variances that can incorporate ecological covariates to explore various factors that could drive annual dynamics in productivity. Applying our model to the American woodcock data indicated that assumptions about the variability in relative recovery probabilities could greatly influence the precision of our productivity estimator. Therefore, researchers should carefully consider the assumption of temporally variable relative recovery probabilities (i.e. ratio of juvenile to adults' recovery probability) for different age classes when applying this estimator. Implications. Several national and international management strategies for migratory game birds in North America rely on measures of productivity from harvest survey parts collections, without a justification of the estimator or providing estimates of precision. We derive an estimator of productivity with realistic measures of uncertainty that can be directly incorporated into management plans or ecological studies across large spatial scales. C1 [Zimmerman, G. S.; Richkus, K. D.; Boomer, G. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Link, W. A.; Sauer, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Conroy, M. J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zimmerman, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Guthrie_Zimmerman@fws.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 7 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1071/WR10062 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 695SG UT WOS:000285392300010 ER PT J AU Rabon, DR Waddell, W AF Rabon, David R., Jr. Waddell, William TI Effects of Inbreeding on Reproductive Success, Performance, Litter Size, and Survival in Captive Red Wolves (Canis rufus) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis rufus; inbreeding coefficient; reproductive performance; fitness ID SPEKES GAZELLE; DEPRESSION; WOLF; POPULATIONS; SOUTH; CONSERVATION; ELIMINATION; SPERMATOZOA; MARRIAGES; MEXICAN AB Captive-breeding programs have been widely used in the conservation of imperiled species, but the effects of inbreeding, frequently expressed in traits related to fitness, are nearly unavoidable in small populations With few founders. Following its planned extirpation in the Wild, the endangered red wolf(Canis rufus) was preserved in captivity with just 14 founders. In this Study, we evaluated the captive red wolf Population for relationships between inbreeding and reproductive performance and fitness. Over 30 years of managed breeding, the level of inbreeding in the captive Population has increased, and litter size has declined. Inbreeding levels were lower in sire and dam wolves that reproduced than in those that did not reproduce. However, there was no difference in the inbreeding level of actual litters and predicted litters. Litter size was negatively affected by offspring and paternal levels of inbreeding, but the effect of inbreeding on Offspring Survival was restricted to a positive influence. There was no apparent relationship between inbreeding and method of rearing offspring. The observable effects of inbreeding in the captive red wolf population currently do not appear to be it limiting factor in the conservation of the red wolf Population. Additional Studies exploring the extent of the effects of inbreeding will be required as inbreeding levels increase in the captive population. Zoo Biol 29:36-49, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 [Rabon, David R., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Rabon, David R., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Waddell, William] Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Rabon, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, POB 33726, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. EM david_rabon@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Point Defiance Zoo Aquarium FX U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0733-3188 EI 1098-2361 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 36 EP 49 DI 10.1002/zoo.20262 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 562CQ UT WOS:000275027300004 PM 19606460 ER PT J AU Prouty, NG Jupiter, SD Field, ME McCulloch, MT AF Prouty, Nancy G. Jupiter, Stacy D. Field, Michael E. McCulloch, Malcolm T. TI Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE coral proxy; groundwater; base flow; rare earth elements; yttrium ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; FRINGING-REEF FLAT; FRACTURED-ROCK AQUIFERS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SOUTHEAST AUSTRALIA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DELTA-O-18 RECORD; DANDENONG RANGES AB Groundwater is a major resource in Hawaii and is the principal source of water for municipal, agricultural, and industrial use. With a growing population, a long-term downward trend in rainfall, and the need for proper groundwater management, a better understanding of the hydroclimatological system is essential. Proxy records from corals can supplement long-term observational networks, offering an accessible source of hydrologic and climate information. To develop a qualitative proxy for historic groundwater discharge to coastal waters, a suite of rare earth elements and yttrium (REYs) were analyzed from coral cores collected along the south shore of Moloka'i, Hawaii. The coral REY to calcium (Ca) ratios were evaluated against hydrological parameters, yielding the strongest relationship to base flow. Dissolution of REYs from labradorite and olivine in the basaltic rock aquifers is likely the primary source of coastal ocean REYs. There was a statistically significant downward trend (-40%) in subannually resolved REY/Ca ratios over the last century. This is consistent with long-term records of stream discharge from Moloka'i, which imply a downward trend in base flow since 1913. A decrease in base flow is observed statewide, consistent with the long-term downward trend in annual rainfall over much of the state. With greater demands on freshwater resources, it is appropriate for withdrawal scenarios to consider long-term trends and short-term climate variability. It is possible that coral paleohydrological records can be used to conduct model-data comparisons in groundwater flow models used to simulate changes in groundwater level and coastal discharge. C1 [Prouty, Nancy G.; Field, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Jupiter, Stacy D.; McCulloch, Malcolm T.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Prouty, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM nprouty@usgs.gov RI McCulloch, Malcolm/C-3651-2009; OI Jupiter, Stacy/0000-0001-9742-1677 NR 87 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 10 AR Q12018 DI 10.1029/2009GC002714 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540PK UT WOS:000273347000002 ER PT J AU Katz, T Yahel, G Yahel, R Tunnicliffe, V Herut, B Snelgrove, P Crusius, J Lazar, B AF Katz, Timor Yahel, Gitai Yahel, Ruthy Tunnicliffe, Verena Herut, Barak Snelgrove, Paul Crusius, John Lazar, Boaz TI Groundfish overfishing, diatom decline, and the marine silica cycle: Lessons from Saanich Inlet, Canada, and the Baltic Sea cod crash SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BIOGENIC SILICA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DEEP-WATER; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; GADUS-MORHUA; ANOXIC FJORD; SI CYCLE; NUTRIENT AB In this study, we link groundfish activity to the marine silica cycle and suggest that the drastic mid-1980s crash of the Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua) population triggered a cascade of events leading to decrease in dissolved silica (DSi) and diatom abundance in the water. We suggest that this seemingly unrelated sequence of events was caused by a marked decline in sediment resuspension associated with reduced groundfish activity resulting from the cod crash. In a study in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, we discovered that, by resuspending bottom sediments, groundfish triple DSi fluxes from the sediments and reduce silica accumulation therein. Using these findings and the available oceanographic and environmental data from the Baltic Sea, we estimate that overfishing and recruitment failure of Baltic cod reduced by 20% the DSi supply from bottom sediments to the surface water leading to a decline in the diatom population in the Baltic Sea. The major importance of the marginal ocean in the marine silica cycle and the associated high population density of groundfish suggest that groundfish play a major role in the silica cycle. We postulate that dwindling groundfish populations caused by anthropogenic perturbations, e.g., overfishing and bottom water anoxia, may cause shifts in marine phytoplankton communities. C1 [Katz, Timor; Lazar, Boaz] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Katz, Timor; Lazar, Boaz] Interuniv Inst Marine Sci, IL-88103 Elat, Israel. [Katz, Timor; Herut, Barak] Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, IL-31080 Haifa, Israel. [Yahel, Gitai; Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Yahel, Ruthy; Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, VENUS Project, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Snelgrove, Paul] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Snelgrove, Paul] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Crusius, John] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Katz, T (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Edmond Safra Campus, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM timor.katz@mail.huji.ac.il RI Yahel, Gitai/A-3696-2012; Tunnicliffe, Verena/D-1056-2014 OI Yahel, Gitai/0000-0003-2306-355X; FU VENUS Project, University of Victoria; USGS; CMGP; NSERC Canada; Canada Research Chairs Foundation; Rothschild fellowship; Yohay Ben-Nun fellowship; Moshe Shilo Center for Marine Biogeochemistry fund FX We thank J. M. Rose, D. I. Eerkes-Medrano, M. Kelly, B. Oake, M. van-Gurp, I. Beveridge, T. Ingram, A. S. M. Chang, F. Whitney, T. Rivlin, and M. Dray for their technical and laboratory assistance and the teams of the Canadian Scientific Submersible Facility (ROPOS); the research vessels CCGS J. P. Tully and CCGS Vector; and the VENUS Project for their most professional help during field sampling and sample processing. We thank N. Wasmund for providing Baltic Sea DSi data, J. D. Conley for sharing information on opal accumulation, A. Genin for remarks that improved the manuscript, and the SERPENT Project (http://www.serpentproject.com) for providing the cod video. We acknowledge the VENUS Project, University of Victoria, for supporting the ship and submersible time for field experiments and USGS, CMGP, for support to J. C. Additional funding from NSERC Canada and from the Canada Research Chairs Foundation to V. T.; a Rothschild fellowship to G. Y.; and a Yohay Ben-Nun fellowship and Moshe Shilo Center for Marine Biogeochemistry fund to T. K. are also acknowledged. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 23 AR GB4032 DI 10.1029/2008GB003416 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 539LI UT WOS:000273255500002 ER PT J AU Waite, WF Santamarina, JC Cortes, DD Dugan, B Espinoza, DN Germaine, J Jang, J Jung, JW Kneafsey, TJ Shin, H Soga, K Winters, WJ Yun, TS AF Waite, W. F. Santamarina, J. C. Cortes, D. D. Dugan, B. Espinoza, D. N. Germaine, J. Jang, J. Jung, J. W. Kneafsey, T. J. Shin, H. Soga, K. Winters, W. J. Yun, T-S. TI PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BOTTOM-SIMULATING REFLECTOR; RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CARBON-DIOXIDE HYDRATE; HEAT-FLOW CALORIMETER; 2L-38 RESEARCH WELL; SI METHANE HYDRATE; GAS-HYDRATE; SEA-FLOOR; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Methane gas hydrates, crystalline inclusion compounds formed from methane and water, are found in marine continental margin and permafrost sediments worldwide. This article reviews the current understanding of phenomena involved in gas hydrate formation and the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments. Formation phenomena include pore-scale habit, solubility, spatial variability, and host sediment aggregate properties. Physical properties include thermal properties, permeability, electrical conductivity and permittivity, small-strain elastic P and S wave velocities, shear strength, and volume changes resulting from hydrate dissociation. The magnitudes and interdependencies of these properties are critically important for predicting and quantifying macroscale responses of hydrate-bearing sediments to changes in mechanical, thermal, or chemical boundary conditions. These predictions are vital for mitigating borehole, local, and regional slope stability hazards; optimizing recovery techniques for extracting methane from hydrate-bearing sediments or sequestering carbon dioxide in gas hydrate; and evaluating the role of gas hydrate in the global carbon cycle. C1 [Waite, W. F.; Winters, W. J.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Santamarina, J. C.; Cortes, D. D.; Espinoza, D. N.; Jang, J.; Jung, J. W.; Shin, H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dugan, B.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Germaine, J.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kneafsey, T. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Soga, K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Yun, T-S.] Yonsei Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wwaite@usgs.gov RI Dugan, Brandon/A-2651-2011; Yun, Tae Sup/G-7988-2012; Cortes, Douglas/A-7879-2013; Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014; Espinoza, D. Nicolas/E-3764-2016; OI Dugan, Brandon/0000-0002-2555-6430; Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587; Espinoza, D. Nicolas/0000-0002-3418-0180; Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109; Jang, Jaewon/0000-0002-9749-4072 NR 326 TC 157 Z9 172 U1 13 U2 101 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 47 AR RG4003 DI 10.1029/2008RG000279 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 539MT UT WOS:000273259500001 ER PT J AU Jain, A Yang, XJ Kheshgi, H McGuire, AD Post, W Kicklighter, D AF Jain, Atul Yang, Xiaojuan Kheshgi, Haroon McGuire, A. David Post, Wilfred Kicklighter, David TI Nitrogen attenuation of terrestrial carbon cycle response to global environmental factors SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LAND-USE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; MODEL; ECOSYSTEMS; DEPOSITION; SOIL; BIOSPHERE; PATTERNS AB Nitrogen cycle dynamics have the capacity to attenuate the magnitude of global terrestrial carbon sinks and sources driven by CO2 fertilization and changes in climate. In this study, two versions of the terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycle components of the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) are used to evaluate how variation in nitrogen availability influences terrestrial carbon sinks and sources in response to changes over the 20th century in global environmental factors including atmospheric CO2 concentration, nitrogen inputs, temperature, precipitation and land use. The two versions of ISAM vary in their treatment of nitrogen availability: ISAM-NC has a terrestrial carbon cycle model coupled to a fully dynamic nitrogen cycle while ISAM-C has an identical carbon cycle model but nitrogen availability is always in sufficient supply. Overall, the two versions of the model estimate approximately the same amount of global mean carbon uptake over the 20th century. However, comparisons of results of ISAM-NC relative to ISAM-C reveal that nitrogen dynamics: (1) reduced the 1990s carbon sink associated with increasing atmospheric CO2 by 0.53 PgC yr(-1) (1 Pg = 10(15) g), (2) reduced the 1990s carbon source associated with changes in temperature and precipitation of 0.34 PgC yr(-1) in the 1990s, (3) an enhanced sink associated with nitrogen inputs by 0.26 PgC yr(-1), and (4) enhanced the 1990s carbon source associated with changes in land use by 0.08 PgC yr(-1) in the 1990s. These effects of nitrogen limitation influenced the spatial distribution of the estimated exchange of CO2 with greater sink activity in high latitudes associated with climate effects and a smaller sink of CO2 in the southeastern United States caused by N limitation associated with both CO2 fertilization and forest regrowth. These results indicate that the dynamics of nitrogen availability are important to consider in assessing the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of terrestrial carbon sources and sinks. C1 [Jain, Atul; Yang, Xiaojuan] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kheshgi, Haroon] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Kicklighter, David] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Post, Wilfred] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jain1@uiuc.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Yang, Xiaojuan/I-3643-2016; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Yang, Xiaojuan/0000-0002-2686-745X; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land Cover and Land Use Change Program [NNX08AK75G] FX We acknowledge Victoria Wittig and Daniel Hayes whose comments led to significant improvements in this manuscript. We thank F. Dentener for providing us the N deposition data. We also acknowledge the financial support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land Cover and Land Use Change Program(NNX08AK75G). NR 60 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 23 AR GB4028 DI 10.1029/2009GB003519 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 539LG UT WOS:000273255300003 ER PT J AU Senay, GB Asante, K Artan, G AF Senay, Gabriel B. Asante, Kwabena Artan, Guleid TI Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE water balance; modeling; satellite data; Nile Basin ID ETHIOPIA; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL AB Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of key water balance components of the Nile River will provide important information for the management of its water resources. This study used satellite-derived rainfall and other key weather variables derived from the Global Data Assimilation System to estimate and map the distribution of rainfall, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff. Daily water balance components were modelled in a grid-cell environment at 0.1 degree (similar to 10 km) spatial resolution for 7 years from 2001 through 2007. Annual maps of the key water balance components and derived variables such as runoff and ETa as a percent of rainfall were produced. Generally, the spatial patterns of rainfall and ETA indicate high values in the upstream watersheds (Uganda, Southern Sudan, and southwestern Ethiopia) and low values in the downstream watersheds. However, runoff as a percent of rainfall is much higher in the Ethiopian highlands around the Blue Nile subwatershed. The analysis also showed the possible impact of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands in reducing ETa magnitudes despite the availability of sufficient rainfall. Although the model estimates require field validation for the different subwatersheds, the runoff volume estimate for the Blue Nile subwatershed is within 7.0% of a figure reported from an earlier study. Further research is required for a thorough validation of the results and their integration with ecohydrologic models for better management of water and land resources in the various Nile Basin ecosystems. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Senay, Gabriel B.] S Dakota State Univ, USGS, EROS Ctr, GIScCE, Pierre, SD USA. [Artan, Guleid] S Dakota State Univ, USGS EROS, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, USGS, EROS Ctr, GIScCE, Pierre, SD USA. EM senay@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 26 BP 3675 EP 3681 DI 10.1002/hyp.7364 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 541RT UT WOS:000273438100005 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Kinner, DA Ubeda, X AF Moody, John A. Kinner, David A. Ubeda, Xavier TI Linking hydraulic properties of fire-affected soils to infiltration and water repellency SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Sorptivity; Hydraulic conductivity; Water repellency; Infiltration; Disk infiltrometer ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; TENSION INFILTROMETERS; MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHEDS; DISC INFILTROMETER; UNSATURATED SOILS; TRANSIENT FLOW; OVERLAND-FLOW; WIDE-RANGE; SORPTIVITY; EQUATION AB Heat from wildfires can produce a two-layer system composed of extremely dry soil covered by a layer of ash, which when subjected to rainfall, may produce extreme floods. To understand the soil physics controlling runoff for these initial conditions, we used a small, portable disk infiltrometer to measure two hydraulic properties: (1) near-saturated hydraulic conductivity, K(f) and (2) sorptivity, S(theta(i)), as a function of initial soil moisture content, theta(i), ranging from extremely dry conditions (theta(i) < 0.02 cm(3) cm(-3)) to near saturation. In the field and in the laboratory replicate measurements were made of ash, reference soils, soils unaffected by fire, and fire-affected soils. Each has a different degrees of water repellency that influences K(f) and S(theta(i)). Values of K(f) ranged from 4.5 x 10(-3) to 53 x 10(-3) cm s(-1) for ash; from 0.93 x 10(-3) to 130 x 10(-3) cm s(-1) for reference soils; and from 0.86 x 10(-3) to 3.0 x 10(-3) cm s(-1), for soil unaffected by fire, which had the lowest values of K(f). Measurements indicated that S(theta(i)) could be represented by an empirical non-linear function of theta(i) with a sorptivity maximum of 0.18-0.20 cm s(-0.5), between 0.03 and 0.08 cm(3) cm(-3). This functional form differs from the monotonically decreasing non-linear functions often used to represent S(theta(i)) for rainfall-runoff modeling. The sorptivity maximum may represent the combined effects of gravity, capillarity, and adsorption in a transitional domain corresponding to extremely dry soil, and moreover, it may explain the observed non-linear behavior, and the critical soil-moisture threshold of water repellent soils. Laboratory measurements of K(f) and S(theta(i)) are the first for ash and fire-affected soil, but additional measurements are needed of these hydraulic properties for in situ fire-affected soils. They provide insight into water repellency behavior and infiltration under extremely dry conditions. Most importantly, they indicate how existing rainfall-runoff models can be modified to accommodate a possible two-layer system in extremely dry conditions. These modified models can be used to predict floods from burned watersheds under these initial conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moody, John A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kinner, David A.] Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC USA. [Ubeda, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 379 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 533YK UT WOS:000272862000008 ER PT J AU Brezinski, DK Cecil, CB Skema, VW Kertis, CA AF Brezinski, David K. Cecil, C. Blaine Skema, Viktoras W. Kertis, Carla A. TI Evidence for long-term climate change in Upper Devonian strata of the central Appalachians SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Late Devonian; Paleoclimate; Appalachian basin; Catskill; Hampshire Formation ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MASS EXTINCTION; SOUTH-AMERICA; BLACK SHALES; TETRAPOD; PENNSYLVANIA; USA; FLUCTUATIONS; GLACIATION; EVOLUTION AB The highest 1 to 200 m of the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Catskill and equivalent Hampshire formations exhibit a noticeable vertical or stratigraphic change in color and a shift in lithologic character. The lower part of the unit is characterized by typically red, channel-phase sandstones and overbank siltstone and mudstone containing thin calcareous paleosols. These lithologies give way to greenish gray sandstone containing abundant coaly plant fragments, coalified logs, and pyrite, interbedded with thick intervals of non-calcareous paleo-vertisols. The increase in the prominence of preserved terrestrial organic matter suggests that there was a corresponding increase in the abundance of plants in terrestrial ecosystems. The stratigraphic change in lithology within the upper part of the Catskill-Hampshire succession suggests the onset of environmental conditions that became increasingly wet in response to elevated humid climatic conditions during the final stages of Catskill alluvial plain deposition. The sedimentological signature suggesting increased climatic wetness within the uppermost Catskill and Hampshire formations is nearly contemporaneous with the initiation of Late Devonian Gondwanan glaciation in the paleo-high-latitudes. The Appalachian climate record indicates that this change began during the Fa2c and continued through the latest Famennian, reaching its peak during the Fa2d when glacial deposits are recorded in the paleo-mid-latitudes of the Appalachian basin. Evidence of this late Famennian increase in precipitation also is recorded in the adjacent marine environments. Equivalent-age marine units in Ohio and Kentucky record progressive increases in both total organic carbon and the percentage of terrestrially-derived organic carbon. This suggests that there was a late Famennian increase in terrestrial organic matter productivity, and that during the late Famennian, there were elevated levels of runoff produced by the interpreted increase in precipitation that washed progressively higher amounts of terrestrial organic matter into the local marine environments. The late Famennian climate changes identified within the Appalachian basin strata have been recognizable globally, and appear to have had both positive and negative effects on the Earth's biota. Some marine groups exhibit sharp diversity drops or even extinction coincident with the maximum development of the late Famennian ice age. Conversely, terrestrial biota appears to have been more positively affected by the late Famennian increased wetness that accompanied this progressive climate change. Marked diversification and evolutionary innovation, which appear to coincide with this climatic deviation, can be recognized within terrestrial plant communities and early tetrapod amphibians. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brezinski, David K.] Maryland Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cecil, C. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Skema, Viktoras W.] Penn Geol Survey, Harrisburg, PA 17111 USA. [Kertis, Carla A.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brezinski, DK (reprint author), Maryland Geol Survey, 2300 St Paul St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM dbrezinski@dnr.state.md.us FU Maryland Geological Survey FX Field work for this study was supported by the Maryland Geological Survey. Constructive comments by G.S. Soreghan, T.W. Kammer, and P.E. Isaacson improved the manuscript. NR 85 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 3-4 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.10.010 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 535IJ UT WOS:000272960700015 ER PT J AU Benfield, MC Caruso, JH Sulak, KJ AF Benfield, Mark C. Caruso, John H. Sulak, Kenneth J. TI In Situ Video Observations of Two Manefishes (Perciformes: Caristiidae) in the Mesopelagic Zone of the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB This paper describes direct video observations of two manefishes, likely Paracaristius sp., from the mesopelagic waters of the north-central Gulf of Mexico. One fish was observed with a remotely operated vehicle at a depth of 829 m by an Industrial ROV as part of the SERPENT Project. The second was observed at 496 m from a manned submersible. Little Is known about the behavior of manefishes because most records result from net-collected material. Our observation demonstrates that manefishes are capable of precise locomotory and posture control using extended, erect fins and that the pelvic fins of these fishes are extended In a parachute-like manner. Moreover, one of the specimens exhibited an unusual vertical, sinusoidal oscillation of Its caudal fin. One of the observations took place in association with a physonect siphonophore. These observations may Include the deepest published record for a manefish In the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Benfield, Mark C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Caruso, John H.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Sulak, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Coastal Ecol & Conservat Res Grp, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Benfield, MC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, 2179 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mbenfie@lsu.edu; jcaruso@tulane.edu; ksulak@usgs.gov FU NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Cooperative Agreement [NA05OAR4601057]; Minerals Management Service [M07AC13381]; SERPENT Project [10] FX This research that resulted in the 2007 observation was funded by award number NA05OAR4601057 from NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Cooperative Agreement M07AC13381 from the Minerals Management Service. The 2004 Viosca Knoll studies were supported by the USGS Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program, and sponsored and facilitated by the Minerals Management Service. The authors are grateful to Oceaneering, BP, and Diamond Offshore and in particular to T. Burroughs, T. West, and the Oceaneering ROV group aboard the semisubmersible drilling rig Ocean Confidence for providing the video data to the Gulf SERPENT Project. We are grateful to R. Doucet, M. Sepulvado, D. Stanhope, and W. Guillot (BP) for their support of Gulf SERPENT research aboard Ocean Confidence. T. Rooney (BP) and T. Butler (Oceaneering) facilitated SERPENT data collection from the Ocean Confidence and its ROV group. J. Janssen was kind enough to share his original video observation of Caristius with us. R. Robins and K. Hartel provided assistance with information on museum specimens in the FL and MCZ collections, respectively. We appreciate the constructive comments from C. Kenaley, T. Sutton, and J. Paxton, which substantially improved this manuscript. This is Contribution Number 10 from the SERPENT Project (www.serpentproject.corn). Use of trade, product, or firm name does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 29 PY 2009 IS 4 BP 637 EP 641 DI 10.1643/CI-08-126 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 542BX UT WOS:000273467400001 ER PT J AU Saraceno, JF Pellerin, BA Downing, BD Boss, E Bachand, PAM Bergamaschi, BA AF Saraceno, John Franco Pellerin, Brian A. Downing, Bryan D. Boss, Emmanuel Bachand, Philip A. M. Bergamaschi, Brian A. TI High-frequency in situ optical measurements during a storm event: Assessing relationships between dissolved organic matter, sediment concentrations, and hydrologic processes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON; ABSORPTION; DOC; USA; SPECTROSCOPY; COEFFICIENT; ATTENUATION; ABSORBENCY; DYNAMICS; STREAMS AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics during storm events has received considerable attention in forested watersheds, but the extent to which storms impart rapid changes in DOM concentration and composition in highly disturbed agricultural watersheds remains poorly understood. In this study, we used identical in situ optical sensors for DOM fluorescence (FDOM) with and without filtration to continuously evaluate surface water DOM dynamics in a 415 km(2) agricultural watershed over a 4 week period containing a short-duration rainfall event. Peak turbidity preceded peak discharge by 4 h and increased by over 2 orders of magnitude, while the peak filtered FDOM lagged behind peak turbidity by 15 h. FDOM values reported using the filtered in situ fluorometer increased nearly fourfold and were highly correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (r(2) = 0.97), providing a highly resolved proxy for DOC throughout the study period. Discrete optical properties including specific UV absorbance (SUVA(254)), spectral slope (S(290-350)), and fluorescence index (FI) were also strongly correlated with in situ FDOM and indicate a shift toward aromatic, high molecular weight DOM from terrestrially derived sources during the storm. The lag of the peak in FDOM behind peak discharge presumably reflects the draining of watershed soils from natural and agricultural landscapes. Field and experimental evidence showed that unfiltered FDOM measurements underestimated filtered FDOM concentrations by up to similar to 60% at particle concentrations typical of many riverine systems during hydrologic events. Together, laboratory and in situ data provide insights into the timing and magnitude of changes in DOM quantity and quality during storm events in an agricultural watershed, and indicate the need for sample filtration in systems with moderate to high suspended sediment loads. C1 [Saraceno, John Franco; Pellerin, Brian A.; Downing, Bryan D.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Boss, Emmanuel] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Bachand, Philip A. M.] Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Saraceno, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM saraceno@usgs.gov RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581 FU CALFED Drinking Water Program FX This project was funded by CALFED Drinking Water Program through a Proposition 50 grant. We thank Will Kerlin, Frank Anderson, Liz Beaulieu, Kathryn Crepeau, Cat Roush, Sarah Roush, and Sandrine Journet for laboratory and field support. We also thank Sandra Bachand and Travis Pritchard for flow data, as well as Roger Fujii, Peter Hernes, Rob Spencer, and Wayne Slade for helpful discussions. We also thank USGS reviewers Jamie Shanley, Scott A. Wright, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions that improved the quality of this manuscript. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 39 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 9 U2 72 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 29 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G00F09 DI 10.1029/2009JG000989 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 539LP UT WOS:000273256300002 ER PT J AU Hatten, JR Parsley, MJ AF Hatten, James R. Parsley, Michael J. TI A spatial model of white sturgeon rearing habitat in the lower Columbia River, USA SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE GIS; White sturgeon; Rearing habitat; Mahalanobis distance; Columbia River; Spatial model ID ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; PALLID STURGEON; MOVEMENTS; DIEL AB Concerns over the potential effects of in-water placement of dredged materials prompted us to develop a GIS-based model that characterizes in a spatially explicit manner white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus rearing habitat in the lower Columbia River, USA. The spatial model was developed using water depth, riverbed slope and roughness, fish positions collected in 2002, and Mahalanobis distance (D(2)). We created a habitat suitability map by identifying a Mahalanobis distance under which >50% of white sturgeon locations occurred in 2002 (i.e., high-probability habitat). White sturgeon preferred relatively moderate to high water depths, and low to moderate riverbed slope and roughness values. The eigenvectors indicated that riverbed slope and roughness were slightly more important than water depth, but all three variables were important. We estimated the impacts that fill might have on sturgeon habitat by simulating the addition of fill to the thalweg, in 3-m increments, and recomputing Mahalanobis distances Channel. filling simulations revealed that up to 9 m of fill would have little impact on high-probability habitat but, 12 and 15 m of fill resulted in habitat declines of similar to 12% and similar to 45%, respectively. This is the first spatially explicit predictive model of white sturgeon rearing habitat in the lower Columbia River, and the first to quantitatively predict the impacts of dredging operations on sturgeon habitat. Future research should consider whether water velocity improves the accuracy and specificity of the model, and to assess its applicability to other areas in the Columbia River. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hatten, James R.; Parsley, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Hatten, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jhatten@usgs.gov FU The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District FX The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, funded this work and provided the bathymetric data that was crucial to this analysis. Mr. K. Larson was the Army Corps of Engineers Technical Representative. We thank M. Moser, S. Lindley, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Interior or the United States Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 24 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 24 BP 3638 EP 3646 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.006 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535HG UT WOS:000272957300018 ER PT J AU Lognonne, P Le Feuvre, M Johnson, CL Weber, RC AF Lognonne, Philippe Le Feuvre, Mathieu Johnson, Catherine L. Weber, Renee C. TI Moon meteoritic seismic hum: Steady state prediction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS; PLANETARY SEISMOLOGY; ENERGY TRANSMISSION; METEOROID IMPACTS; OBLIQUE IMPACTS; LUNAR MANTLE; EXCITATION; EJECTA; WAVES; SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9 AB We use three different statistical models describing the frequency of meteoroid impacts on Earth to estimate the seismic background noise due to impacts on the lunar surface. Because of diffraction, seismic events on the Moon are typically characterized by long codas, lasting 1 h or more. We find that the small but frequent impacts generate seismic signals whose codas overlap in time, resulting in a permanent seismic noise that we term the "lunar hum'' by analogy with the Earth's continuous seismic background seismic hum. We find that the Apollo era impact detection rates and amplitudes are well explained by a model that parameterizes (1) the net seismic impulse due to the impactor and resulting ejecta and (2) the effects of diffraction and attenuation. The formulation permits the calculation of a composite waveform at any point on the Moon due to simulated impacts at any epicentral distance. The root-mean-square amplitude of this waveform yields a background noise level that is about 100 times lower than the resolution of the Apollo long-period seismometers. At 2 s periods, this noise level is more than 1000 times lower than the low noise model prediction for Earth's microseismic noise. Sufficiently sensitive seismometers will allow the future detection of several impacts per day at body wave frequencies. C1 [Lognonne, Philippe; Le Feuvre, Mathieu] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Geophys Spatiale & Planetaire,UMR 7154, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. [Johnson, Catherine L.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Weber, Renee C.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lognonne, P (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Geophys Spatiale & Planetaire,UMR 7154, 4 Ave Neptune, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. EM lognonne@ipgp.jussieu.fr RI Lognonne, Philippe/F-8846-2010 FU NASA [NNX08AL49G]; NSERC FX P. Lognonne thanks the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, UBC, Vancouver for hosting a visit in summer 2007 and 2009, during which time this research was initiated and finalized. C. Johnson acknowledges support from NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant NNX08AL49G and NSERC. We thank W. Bottke and A. Morbidelli for having shared their model. We thank Mark Wieczorek for useful comments, Y. Nakamura for very fruitful discussions, as well as an anonymous reviewer. This work was supported by PNP and CNES. This is IPGP contribution 2540. NR 74 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E12003 DI 10.1029/2008JE003294 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 536NW UT WOS:000273052100001 ER PT J AU Ramsay, JM Watral, V Schreck, CB Kent, ML AF Ramsay, Jennifer M. Watral, Virginia Schreck, Carl B. Kent, Michael L. TI Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in zebrafish Danio rerio: effects of stress on survival, growth, and reproduction SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Pseudoloma neurophilia; Stress; Growth; Reproduction; Mortality; Microsporidia ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RAINBOW-TROUT; LOMA-SALMONAE; LABORATORY ZEBRAFISH; BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; CHANNEL-CATFISH; PHYLUM MICROSPORIDIA; LIGULA-INTESTINALIS; RESEARCH FACILITIES; MYCOBACTERIUM SPP. AB Pseudoloma neurophilia (Microsporidia) is a common disease of zebrafish Danio rerio, including those used as research models. We conducted a study comprised of 4 separate experiments to determine the effects of husbandry stress on preexisting and experimental P. neurophilia infections and the subsequent effects on survival, infection onset and intensity, fish growth, and reproduction. In fish (AB strain) with preexisting infections, stress or feeding cortisol significantly increased mortality over 7 wk compared to no stress or cortisol treatment. In contrast, no mortality was observed in fish (TL strain) experimentally exposed to P. neurophilia over 10 wk. A third experiment involved experimental exposure of AB fish to P neurophilia and exposure to crowding and handling stressors. No mortality was associated with P. neurophilia regardless of stress treatment over a period of 20 wk. However, the onset of infection occurred sooner in stress-treated fish. Stress significantly increased the mean intensity of infection (described as xenoma area/spinal cord area in histological sections) at Week 20 post-exposure (PE). In fish with preexisting infections, myositis was significantly greater in stressed and cortisol-treated fish than those not stressed. With experimental exposure of AB fish, stressed and infected groups weighed significantly less than the control group at Week 20 PE. Regarding fecundity, the number of larvae hatched at 5 d post fertilization was negatively associated with mean infection intensity among P. neurophilia-infected and stressed AB fish. These experiments are the first to show empirically that P. neurophilia can be associated with reduced weight and fecundity, and that stress can exacerbate the severity of the infection. C1 [Ramsay, Jennifer M.; Watral, Virginia; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramsay, Jennifer M.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kent, ML (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM michael.kent@oregonstate.edu FU Departments of Fisheries and Wildlife and Microbiology at Oregon State University; ZIRC at the University of Oregon; National Institutes of Health [NIH NCRR 5R24RR017386-02, NIH NCRR P40 RR12546-03S1] FX We thank B. Barr and T. Eng for assistance with fish care and R. Chitwood for assistance in the construction of the ZDL flow-through water system. We thank M. Westerfield and Z. Varga as well as the ZIRC staff for their advice in designing this study. The manuscript was critically reviewed by J. Leatherland, M. Westerfield, and D. Landers. J.M.R. was supported by the Departments of Fisheries and Wildlife and Microbiology at Oregon State University and the ZIRC at the University of Oregon. This study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH NCRR 5R24RR017386-02 and NIH NCRR P40 RR12546-03S1). Mention of a brand name does not imply endorsement of the product by the US Federal Government. NR 78 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.3354/dao02145 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 549NB UT WOS:000274056600008 PM 20183967 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Hunt, G Cronin, TM Okahashi, H AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Hunt, Gene Cronin, Thomas M. Okahashi, Hisayo TI Temporal latitudinal-gradient dynamics and tropical instability of deep-sea species diversity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE deep-sea Ostracoda; global climate change; latitudinal species diversity gradients; macroecology; Quaternary paleoceanography ID SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY RESPONSE; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; FOOD LIMITATION; CEARA RISE; OCEAN; PRODUCTIVITY; SCALE AB A benthic microfaunal record from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean over the past four glacial-interglacial cycles was investigated to understand temporal dynamics of deep-sea latitudinal species diversity gradients (LSDGs). The results demonstrate unexpected instability and high amplitude fluctuations of species diversity in the tropical deep ocean that are correlated with orbital-scale oscillations in global climate: Species diversity is low during glacial and high during interglacial periods. This implies that climate severely influences deep-sea diversity, even at tropical latitudes, and that deep-sea LSDGs, while generally present for the last 36 million years, were weakened or absent during glacial periods. Temporally dynamic LSDGs and unstable tropical diversity require reconsideration of current ecological hypotheses about the generation and maintenance of biodiversity as they apply to the deep sea, and underscore the potential vulnerability and conservation importance of tropical deep-sea ecosystems. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Hunt, Gene; Okahashi, Hisayo] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 FU Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad FX We thank H. J. Dowsett, D. A. Willard, and two anonymous referees for constructively critical reviews, J. Dyszynski for sample processing, and W. B. Curry for ODP 925 isotope and composite data. This research used samples provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). This work was supported by a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship, and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad (to M.Y.). NR 65 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 51 BP 21717 EP 21720 DI 10.1073/pnas.0910935106 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535TM UT WOS:000272994200047 PM 20018702 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Domagalski, JL Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Domagalski, Joseph L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pesticides; Suspended sediment; San Joaquin River; Storm samples ID TRANSPORT; WATER; TOXICITY; RESIDUES; USA AB Current-use pesticides associated with suspended sediments were measured in the San Joaquin River, California and its tributaries during two storm events in 2008. Nineteen pesticides were detected: eight herbicides, nine insecticides, one fungicide and one insecticide synergist. Concentrations for the herbicides (0.1 to 3000 ng/g; median of 6.1 ng/g) were generally greater than those for the insecticides (0.2 to 51 ng/g; median of 1.5 ng/g). Concentrations in the tributaries were usually greater than in the mainstem San Joaquin River and the west side tributaries were higher than the east side tributaries. Estimated instantaneous loads ranged from 1.3 to 320 g/day for herbicides and 0.03 to 53 g/day for insecticides. The greatest instantaneous loads came from the Merced River on the east side. Instantaneous loads were greater for the first storm of 2008 than the second storm in the tributaries while the instantaneous loads within the San Joaquin River were greater during the second storm. Pesticide detections generally reflected pesticide application, but other factors such as physical-chemical properties and timing of application were also important to pesticide loads. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Domagalski, Joseph L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 FU California State Water Resources Control Board [50]; USGS Federal and State Cooperative Program FX We would like to thank Jim Orlando, Patricia Orlando, Greg Brewster and Peter Dileanis for collecting and processing the field samples. Kristi Hayward helped with the pesticide analysis and Jim Orlando assisted with the pesticide use data. Funding was provided by California State Water Resources Control Board through Proposition 50 and the USGS Federal and State Cooperative Program. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 408 IS 2 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530BS UT WOS:000272564500022 PM 19875152 ER PT J AU Euskirchen, ES McGuire, AD Rupp, TS Chapin, FS Walsh, JE AF Euskirchen, E. S. McGuire, A. D. Rupp, T. S. Chapin, F. S., III Walsh, J. E. TI Projected changes in atmospheric heating due to changes in fire disturbance and the snow season in the western Arctic, 2003-2100 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT CLIMATIC-CHANGE; ALASKAN BOREAL FOREST; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; SOIL BURN SEVERITY; RADIATION PROPERTIES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; INTERIOR ALASKA; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; RECENT TRENDS; LAND AREAS AB In high latitudes, changes in climate impact fire regimes and snow cover duration, altering the surface albedo and the heating of the regional atmosphere. In the western Arctic, under four scenarios of future climate change and future fire regimes (2003-2100), we examined changes in surface albedo and the related changes in regional atmospheric heating due to: (1) vegetation changes following a changing fire regime, and (2) changes in snow cover duration. We used a spatially explicit dynamic vegetation model (Alaskan Frame-based Ecosystem Code) to simulate changes in successional dynamics associated with fire under the future climate scenarios, and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model to simulate changes in snow cover. Changes in summer heating due to the changes in the forest stand age distributions under future fire regimes showed a slight cooling effect due to increases in summer albedo (mean across climates of -0.9 W m(-2) decade(-1)). Over this same time period, decreases in snow cover (mean reduction in the snow season of 4.5 d decade(-1)) caused a reduction in albedo, and a heating effect (mean across climates of 4.3 W m(-2) decade(-1)). Adding both the summer negative change in atmospheric heating due to changes in fire regimes to the positive changes in atmospheric heating due to changes in the length of the snow season resulted in a 3.4 W m(-2) decade(-1) increase in atmospheric heating. These findings highlight the importance of gaining a better understanding of the influences of changes in surface albedo on atmospheric heating due to both changes in the fire regime and changes in snow cover duration. C1 [Euskirchen, E. S.; Chapin, F. S., III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rupp, T. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Walsh, J. E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Euskirchen, ES (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffese@uaf.edu OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 FU National Science Foundation Arctic System Science Program [OPP-095024, OPP-0328282]; NSF [OPP-0327664] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Arctic System Science Program as part of the Western Arctic Linkage Experiment and Fire Mediated Changes in the Arctic Project (OPP-095024 and OPP-0328282). Funding was also provided by the NSF for the Arctic Biota/Vegetation portion of the "Climate of the Arctic: Modeling and Processes'' project (OPP-0327664). Mark Olson assisted with data set processing. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 67 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G04022 DI 10.1029/2009JG001095 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 535CJ UT WOS:000272943900001 ER PT J AU Leon, LA Dolan, JF Shaw, JH Pratt, TL AF Leon, Lorraine A. Dolan, James F. Shaw, John H. Pratt, Thomas L. TI Evidence for large Holocene earthquakes on the Compton thrust fault, Los Angeles, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; REFLECTION DATA; GROWTH; BASIN; FOLDS; NORTHRIDGE; PROGRAM; MOTION AB We demonstrate that the Compton blind thrust fault is active and has generated at least six large-magnitude earthquakes (M-w 7.0-7.4) during the past 14,000 years. This large, concealed fault underlies the Los Angeles metropolitan area and thus poses one of the largest deterministic seismic risk in the United States. We employ a methodology that uses a combination of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and borehole excavations to link blind faulting at seismogenic depths directly to near-surface fault-related folding. Deformed Holocene strata record recent activity on the Compton thrust and are marked by discrete sequences that thicken repeatedly across a series of buried fold scarps. We interpret the intervals of growth as occurring after the formation of now-buried paleofold scarps that formed during uplift events on the underlying Compton thrust ramp. Minimum uplift in each of the scarp-forming events, which occurred at 0.7-1.75 ka (event 1), 0.7-3.4 ka or 1.9-3.4 (event 2), 5.6-7.2 ka (event 3), 5.4-8.4 ka (event 4), 10.3-12.5 ka (event 5), and 10.3-13.7 ka (event 6), ranged from similar to 0.6 to similar to 1.9 m, indicating minimum thrust displacements of >= 1.3 to 4.2 m. Such large displacements are consistent with the occurrence of large-magnitude earthquakes (M-w >= 7). This multidisciplinary methodology provides a means of defining the recent seismic behavior, and therefore the hazard, for blind thrust faults that underlie other major metropolitan regions around the world. C1 [Leon, Lorraine A.; Dolan, James F.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shaw, John H.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Leon, LA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Zumberge Hall,3651 Trousdale Pky, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM lorrainl@usc.edu FU Southern California Earthquake Center; University of Southern California; U.S. Geological Survey; NSF [EAR-0106924]; USGS [02HQAG0008]; SCEC [1294] FX This research was funded by the Southern California Earthquake Center, the University of Southern California, and the U.S. Geological Survey. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. SCEC contribution 1294. We thank E. Clark, N. Benesh, C. Brankman, K. Bergen, A. Kurrash, E. Frost, O. Kozaci, K. Frankel, N. Lorentz, J. Hoeft, R. Hartleb, L. Martinez, and A. Fischer for help with fieldwork, T. Guilderson at the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Lab at Lawrence Livermore National Lab and the Geotechnical division of the City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works. B. Sherrod, E. Barnett, and G. Fuis provided thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 16 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B12305 DI 10.1029/2008JB006129 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 535CZ UT WOS:000272945500001 ER PT J AU Vecchia, AV Gilliom, RJ Sullivan, DJ Lorenz, DL Martin, JD AF Vecchia, Aldo V. Gilliom, Robert J. Sullivan, Daniel J. Lorenz, David L. Martin, Jeffrey D. TI Trends in Concentrations and Use of Agricultural Herbicides for Corn Belt Rivers, 1996-2006 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WATER AB Trends in the concentrations and agricultural use of four herbicides (atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, and alachlor) were evaluated for major rivers of the Corn Belt for two partially overlapping time periods: 1996-2002 and 2000-2006. Trends were analyzed for 11 sites on the mainstems and selected tributaries in the Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Missouri River Basins. Concentration trends were determined using a parametric regression model designed for analyzing seasonal variability, flow-related variability, and trends in pesticide concentrations (SEAWAVE-Q). The SEAWAVE-Q model accounts for the effect of changing flow conditions in order to separate changes caused by hydrologic conditions from changes caused by other factors, such as pesticide use. Most of the trends in atrazine and acetochlor concentrations for both time periods were relatively small and nonsignificant, but metolachlor and alachlor were dominated by varying magnitudes of concentration downtrends. Overall, with trends expressed as a percent change per year, trends in herbicide concentrations were consistent with trends in agricultural use; 84 of 88 comparisons for different sites, herbicides, and time periods showed no significant difference between concentration trends and agricultural use trends. Results indicate that decreasing use appears to have been the primary cause for the concentration downtrends during 1996-2006 and that, while there is some evidence that nonuse management factors may have reduced concentrations in some rivers, reliably evaluating the influence of these factors on pesticides in large streams and rivers will require improved, basin-specific information on both management practices and use over time. C1 [Vecchia, Aldo V.] US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Sullivan, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Lorenz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Martin, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Vecchia, AV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 821 E Interstate Ave, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM avecchia@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program FX We thank L. Sprague, R. Hirsch, K. Lucey, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 9096 EP 9102 DI 10.1021/es902122j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528QU UT WOS:000272462500012 PM 20000498 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP Pontolillo, J Gaines, RB Frysinger, GS Gabriel, FLP Kohler, HPE Giger, W Barber, LB AF Eganhouse, Robert P. Pontolillo, James Gaines, Richard B. Frysinger, Glenn S. Gabriel, Frederic L. P. Kohler, Hans-Peter E. Giger, Walter Barber, Larry B. TI Isomer-Specific Determination of 4-Nonylphenols Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION; NONYLPHENOL ISOMERS; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; P-NONYLPHENOL; GC-MS; DEGRADATION; SEPARATION; BEHAVIOR; WATER; POLYETHOXYLATES AB Technical nonylphenol (tNP), used for industrial production of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants, is a complex mixture of C(3-10)-phenols. The major components, 4-nonylphenols, are weak endocrine disruptors whose estrogenicities vary according to the structure of the branched nonyl group. Thus, accurate risk assessment requires isomer-specific determination of 4-NPs. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC/TOWS) was used to characterize tNP samples obtained from seven commercial suppliers. Under optimal chromatographic conditions, 153-204 alkylphenol peaks, 59-66 of which were identified as 4-NPs, were detected. The 4-NPs comprised similar to 86-94% of tNP, with 2-NPs and decylphenols making up similar to 2-9% and similar to 2-5%, respectively. The tNP products were analyzed for eight synthetic 4-NP isomers, and results were compared with published data based on GC/MS analysis. Significant differences were found among the products and between two samples from a single supplier. The enhanced resolution of GC x GC coupled with fast mass spectral data acquisition by ToFMS facilitated identification of all major 4-NP isomers and a number of previously unrecognized components. Analysis of tNP altered by the bacterium, Sphingobium xenophagum Bayram, revealed several persistent 4-NPs whose structures and estrogenicities are presently unknown. The potential of this technology for isomer-specific determination of 4-NP isomers in environmental matrices is demonstrated using samples of wastewater-contaminated groundwater and municipal wastewater. C1 [Eganhouse, Robert P.; Pontolillo, James] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gaines, Richard B.; Frysinger, Glenn S.] US Coast Guard Acad, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Gabriel, Frederic L. P.; Kohler, Hans-Peter E.; Giger, Walter] Eawag, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Eganhouse, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eganhous@usgs.gov RI Kohler, Hans-Peter/C-1456-2015; OI Kohler, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-7667-0762; Pontolillo, James/0000-0002-1075-1313 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 9306 EP 9313 DI 10.1021/es902622r PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528QU UT WOS:000272462500043 PM 19924899 ER PT J AU Hyun, SP Fox, PM Davis, JA Campbell, KM Hayes, KF Long, PE AF Hyun, Sung Pil Fox, Patricia M. Davis, James A. Campbell, Kate M. Hayes, Kim F. Long, Philip E. TI Surface Complexation Modeling of U(VI) Adsorption by Aquifer Sediments from a Former Mill Tailings Site at Rifle, Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; TRANSPORT; CARBONATE; CALCIUM; BIOSTIMULATION; FERRIHYDRITE; BIOREDUCTION; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; URANYL AB A study of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediment samples from a former uranium mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado, was conducted under oxic conditions as a function of pH, U(VI), Ca, and dissolved carbonate concentration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed using <2 mm size sediment fractions, a sand-sized fraction, and artificial groundwater solutions prepared to simulate the field groundwater composition. To encompass the geochemical conditions of the alluvial aquifer at the site, the experimental conditions ranged from 6.8 x 10(-8) to 10(-5) M in [U(VI)](tot), 7.2 to 8.0 in pH, 3.0 x 10(-3) to 6.0 x 10(-3) M in [Ca2+], and 0.05 to 2.6% in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Surface area normalized U(VI) adsorption K-d values for the sand and <2 mm sediment fraction were similar, suggesting a similar reactive surface coating on both fractions. A two-site two-reaction, nonelectrostatic generalized composite surface complexation model was developed and successfully simulated the U(VI) adsorption data. The model successfully predicted U(VI) adsorption observed from a multilevel sampling well installed at the site. A comparison of the model with the one developed previously for a uranium mill tailings site at Naturita, Colorado, indicated that possible calcite nonequilibrium of dissolved calcium concentration should be evaluated. The modeling results also illustrate the importance of the range of data used in deriving the best fit model parameters. C1 [Hyun, Sung Pil; Hayes, Kim F.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fox, Patricia M.; Davis, James A.; Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hyun, SP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sphyun@umich.edu RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Office of Science; Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP); Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL0 1830] FX The research reported here was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Office of Science, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP), through the Integrated Field Research Challenge Site (IFRC) at Rifle, CO. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under the Contract DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. We thank Chris Fuller at the USGS for the total U measurements. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 9368 EP 9373 DI 10.1021/es902164n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528QU UT WOS:000272462500052 PM 20000531 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Regish, AM Christensen, AK AF McCormick, S. D. Regish, A. M. Christensen, A. K. TI Distinct freshwater and seawater isoforms of Na+/K+-ATPase in gill chloride cells of Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE osmoregulation; ion transport; mitochondrion-rich cell; Salmo salar ID CFTR ANION CHANNEL; RAINBOW-TROUT; K+-ATPASE; NA+/K+/2CL(-) COTRANSPORTER; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; SALINITY TOLERANCE; TELEOST FISH; SALT WATER; LOCALIZATION; EXPRESSION AB Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in teleost fishes is involved in ion regulation in both freshwater and seawater. We have developed and validated rabbit polyclonal antibodies specific to the NKA alpha 1a and alpha 1b protein isoforms of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus), and used western blots and immunohistochemistry to characterize their size, abundance and localization. The relative molecular mass of NKA alpha 1a is slightly less than that for NKA alpha 1b. The abundance of gill NKA alpha 1a was high in freshwater and became nearly undetectable after seawater acclimation. NKA alpha 1b was present in small amounts in freshwater and increased 13-fold after seawater acclimation. Both NKA isoforms were detected only in chloride cells. NKA alpha 1a was located in both filamental and lamellar chloride cells in freshwater, whereas in seawater it was present only as a faint background in filamental chloride cells. In freshwater, NKA alpha 1b was found in a small number of filamental chloride cells, and after seawater acclimation it was found in all chloride cells on the filament and lamellae. Double simultaneous immunofluorescence indicated that NKA alpha 1a and alpha 1b are located in different chloride cells in freshwater. In many chloride cells in seawater, NKA alpha 1b was present in greater amounts in the subapical region than elsewhere in the cell. The combined patterns in abundance and immunolocalization of these two isoforms can explain the salinity-related changes in total NKA and chloride cell abundance. The results indicate that there is a freshwater and a seawater isoform of NKA alpha-subunit in the gills of Atlantic salmon and that they are present in distinct chloride cells. C1 [McCormick, S. D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu OI Christensen, Arne/0000-0002-5139-3479 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2008-35206-18782] FX We thank Steve Gephard, Al Sonski, the staff of the Kensington State Fish Hatchery, and the Connecticut River Atlantic Salmon Commission for supplying juvenile Atlantic salmon. We thank Michael O'Dea for help in rearing fish and running the Na+/K+-ATPase activity assay. This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35206-18782 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. We thank John Kelly and two anonymous reviewers who provided many useful suggestions in review of an early version of this manuscript. NR 33 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 42 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 212 IS 24 BP 3994 EP 4001 DI 10.1242/jeb.037275 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 524PZ UT WOS:000272156500012 PM 19946077 ER PT J AU Dalton, MP Watson, IM Nadeau, PA Werner, C Morrow, W Shannon, JM AF Dalton, Marika P. Watson, I. Matthew Nadeau, Patricia A. Werner, Cynthia Morrow, William Shannon, Jeremy M. TI Assessment of the UV camera sulfur dioxide retrieval for point source plumes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ultra-violet camera; sulfur dioxide; volcano monitoring; instrument calibration ID ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER; COSPEC AB Digital cameras, sensitive to specific regions of the ultra-violet (UV) spectrum, have been employed quantifying sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) emissions in recent years. The instruments make use of the selective absorption of UV light by SO(2) molecules to determine pathlength concentration. Many monitoring advantages are gained by using this technique, but the accuracy and limitations have not been investigated. The effect of some user-controlled parameters, including image exposure duration, the diameter of the lens aperture, the frequency of calibration cell imaging, and the use of the single or paired bandpass filters, have not yet been addressed. In order to clarify methodological consequences and quantify accuracy, laboratory and field experiments were conducted. Images were collected of calibration cells varying observational conditions, and our conclusions provide guidance for enhanced image collection. Results indicate that the calibration cell response is reliably linear below 1500 ppm m, but that the response is significantly affected by changing light conditions. Exposure durations that produced maximum image digital numbers above 32 500 counts can reduce noise in plume images. Sulfur dioxide retrieval results a coal-fired power plant plume were compared to direct sampling measurements and the results indicate that the accuracy of the UV camera retrieval method is within the range of current spectrometric methods. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dalton, Marika P.; Watson, I. Matthew; Nadeau, Patricia A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Watson, I. Matthew] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Werner, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Morrow, William] Resonance Ltd, Barrie, ON L4N 9V9, Canada. [Shannon, Jeremy M.] Finlandia Univ, Hancock, MI 49930 USA. RP Dalton, MP (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, 630 Dow Bldg,1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mpdalton@mtu.edu; Matt.Watson@bristol.ac.uk; panadeau@mtu.edu; cwerner@usgs.gov; bmorrow@resonance.on.ca; jmshanno@mtu.edu RI Watson, Matt/E-5236-2011 OI Watson, Matt/0000-0001-9198-2203 FU NSF [EAR 0337120, PIRE 0530109] FX This work was supported by grants NSF EAR 0337120 and NSF-PIRE 0530109. This paper benefitted greatly from the reviews of M. Patrick and T. Elias of the USGS. Additional suggestions and comments by G. Williams-Jones and an anonymous reviewer also significantly improved this manuscript. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 188 IS 4 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.09.013 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 537ZQ UT WOS:000273153700005 ER PT J AU Wood, N Soulard, C AF Wood, Nathan Soulard, Christopher TI Variations in population exposure and sensitivity to lahar hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lahar; Mount Rainier; vulnerability; exposure; risk ID VOLCANIC RISK; COMMUNITY RESILIENCE; SAO-MIGUEL; VULNERABILITY; MANAGEMENT; DISASTERS; PERCEPTION; PERSPECTIVES; MITIGATION; EVACUATION AB Although much has been done to understand, quantify, and delineate volcanic hazards, there are fewer efforts to assess societal vulnerability to these hazards, particularly demographic differences in exposed populations or spatial variations in exposure to regional hazards. To better understand population diversity in volcanic hazard zones, we assess the number and types of people in a single type of hazard zone (lahars) for 27 communities downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington (USA). Using various socioeconomic and hazard datasets, we estimate that there are more than 78000 residents, 59000 employees, several dependent-population facilities (e.g., child-day-care centers, nursing homes) and numerous public venues (e.g., churches, hotels, museums) in a Mount Rainier lahar-hazard zone. We find that communities vary in the primary category of individuals in lahar-prone areas-exposed populations are dominated by residents in some communities (e.g., Auburn). employees in others (e.g.. Tacoma), and tourists likely outnumber both of these groups in yet other areas (e.g., unincorporated Lewis County). Population exposure to potential lahar inundation varies considerably-some communities (e.g., Auburn) have large numbers of people but low percentages of them in hazard zones, whereas others (e.g., Orting) have fewer people but they comprise the majority of a community. A composite lahar-exposure index is developed to help emergency managers understand spatial variations in community exposure to lahars and results suggest that Puyallup has the highest combination of high numbers and percentages of people and assets in lahar-prone areas. Risk education and preparedness needs will vary based on who is threatened by future lahars, such as residents, employees, tourists at a public venue, or special-needs populations at a dependent-care facility. Emergency managers must first understand the people whom they are trying to prepare before they can expect these people to take protective measures after recognizing natural cues or receiving an official lahar warning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wood, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Soulard, Christopher] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wood, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; csoulard@usgs.gov OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729; Soulard, Christopher/0000-0002-5777-9516 FU U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. We thank Susan Benjamin, John Ewert, Tom Pierson, Steve Schilling, Willie Scott, and Mara Tongue of the USGS, John Schelling of the State of Washington Military Department Emergency Management Division, Shelby Wood, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 188 IS 4 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.09.019 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 537ZQ UT WOS:000273153700006 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Bonin, JL Deluca, MJ Romagna, T Cenno, K Alebus, M Kratzer, T Hirst, B AF Barringer, Julia L. Bonin, Jennifer L. Deluca, Michael J. Romagna, Terri Cenno, Kimberly Alebus, Marzooq Kratzer, Todd Hirst, Barbara TI Sources and temporal dynamics of arsenic in a New Jersey watershed, USA (vol 379, pg 56, 2007) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Barringer, Julia L.; Bonin, Jennifer L.; Deluca, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Romagna, Terri; Cenno, Kimberly; Alebus, Marzooq; Kratzer, Todd; Hirst, Barbara] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jbarring@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 408 IS 1 BP 169 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.025 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526XP UT WOS:000272329700022 ER PT J AU Wolf, RE Todd, AS Brinkman, S Lamothe, PJ Smith, KS Ranville, JF AF Wolf, Ruth E. Todd, Andrew S. Brinkman, Steve Lamothe, Paul J. Smith, Kathleen S. Ranville, James F. TI Measurement of total Zn and Zn isotope ratios by quadrupole ICP-MS for evaluation of Zn uptake in gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Zinc isotopes; Zinc tracer studies; Biotic ligand model; Zinc toxicity and trout; ICP-MS determination of zinc isotope ratios ID ZINC ACCLIMATION; WATERBORNE; ACCUMULATION; EXPOSURE; TRACERS; COPPER; TOXICITY; HARD; CU AB This study evaluates the potential use of stable zinc isotopes in toxicity studies measuring zinc uptake by the gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The use of stable isotopes in such studies has several advantages over the use of radioisotopes, including cost, ease of handling, elimination of permit requirements, and waste disposal. A pilot study using brown trout was performed to evaluate sample preparation methods and the ability of a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) system to successfully measure changes in the (67)Zn/(66)Zn ratios for planned exposure levels and duration. After completion of the pilot study, a full-scale zinc exposure study using rainbow trout was performed. The results of these studies indicate that there are several factors that affect the precision of the measured (67)Zn/(66)Zn ratios in the sample digests, including variations in sample size, endogenous zinc levels, and zinc uptake rates by individual fish. However, since these factors were incorporated in the calculation of the total zinc accumulated by the gills during the exposures, the data obtained were adequate for their intended use in calculating zinc binding and evaluating the influences of differences in water quality parameters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wolf, Ruth E.; Todd, Andrew S.; Lamothe, Paul J.; Smith, Kathleen S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Ranville, James F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Brinkman, Steve] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wolf, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO USA. EM rwolf@usgs.gov; atodd@usgs.gov RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; OI ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885 FU United States Geological Survey Mendenhall Program FX This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey Mendenhall Program. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 BP 676 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.07.048 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 518OI UT WOS:000271701900041 PM 19836537 ER PT J AU Carter, LM Campbell, BA Holt, JW Phillips, RJ Putzig, NE Mattei, S Seu, R Okubo, CH Egan, AF AF Carter, Lynn M. Campbell, Bruce A. Holt, John W. Phillips, Roger J. Putzig, Nathaniel E. Mattei, Stefania Seu, Roberto Okubo, Chris H. Egan, Anthony F. TI Dielectric properties of lava flows west of Ascraeus Mons, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEDUSAE FOSSAE FORMATION; SHALLOW RADAR; SHARAD AB The SHARAD instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter detects subsurface interfaces beneath lava flow fields northwest of Ascraeus Mons. The interfaces occur in two locations; a northern flow that originates south of Alba Patera, and a southern flow that originates at the rift zone between Ascraeus and Pavonis Montes. The northern flow has permittivity values, estimated from the time delay of echoes from the basal interface, between 6.2 and 17.3, with an average of 12.2. The southern flow has permittivity values of 7.0 to 14.0, with an average of 9.8. The average permittivity values for the northern and southern flows imply densities of 3.7 and 3.4 g cm(-3), respectively. Loss tangent values for both flows range from 0.01 to 0.03. The measured bulk permittivity and loss tangent values are consistent with those of terrestrial and lunar basalts, and represent the first measurement of these properties for dense rock on Mars. Citation: Carter, L. M., B. A. Campbell, J.W. Holt, R.J. Phillips, N.E. Putzig, S. Mattei, R. Seu, C. H. Okubo, and A. F. Egan (2009), Dielectric properties of lava flows west of Ascraeus Mons, Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23204, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041234. C1 [Carter, Lynn M.; Campbell, Bruce A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Phillips, Roger J.; Putzig, Nathaniel E.; Egan, Anthony F.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Holt, John W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Mattei, Stefania] Consortium Res Adv Remote Sensing Syst, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Seu, Roberto] Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFOCOM Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RP Carter, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carterl@si.edu RI Holt, John/C-4896-2009; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012 FU NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Participating Scientist [NNH06ZDA001N] FX We thank the SHARAD Operations Center team, including Emanuele Giacomoni, Federica Russo, Marco Cutigni, Oreste Fuga, Riccardo Mecozzi, Armando Valle, Leonardo Travaglino, and Marco Mastrogiuseppe for their assistance with targeting, calibration, and data processing. The Shallow Subsurface Radar (SHARAD) was provided by the Italian Space Agency through a contract with Thales Alenia Space Italia, and it is operated by the INFOCOM Department, University of Rome "La Sapienza''. LMC was supported under NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Participating Scientist grant NNH06ZDA001N. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L23204 DI 10.1029/2009GL041234 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 532AB UT WOS:000272714100003 ER PT J AU Hostetler, SW AF Hostetler, S. W. TI Use of models and observations to assess trends in the 1950-2005 water balance and climate of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; NORTH-AMERICA; REGIME SHIFTS; CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; EVAPORATION; SNOWPACK AB A 1-dimensional surface energy balance model is applied to produce continuous simulations of daily lake evaporation of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (UKL) for the period 1950-2005. The model is implemented using observed data from land-based sites and rafts collected during 2005-2006. Progressively longer, temporally overlapping simulations are produced using observed forcing data sets from sites near UKL. Simulation of the entire 56 years is accomplished using forcing data derived from weather station data and a 1949-2007 regional climate simulation over western North America. Simulated mean annual evaporation for 1950-2005 is 1073 mm. The simulated evaporation estimates are an improvement over existing May-September pan-derived estimates because the latter are not representative of annual evaporation rates and do not span the multidecadal period of interest over which climate-driven interannual (and longer) variability is evident. Evaporation and the other components of the water balance display statistically significant trends over the past 56 years that are associated with changes in meteorological forcing over the lake and the radiative and moisture balances at higher elevations of the catchment. Trends in the basin are consistent with and imbedded in regional and hemispheric climate trends that have occurred over the last century. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hostetler, SW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steve@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 12 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W12409 DI 10.1029/2008WR007295 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 532BP UT WOS:000272718800001 ER PT J AU Elliott, EM Kendall, C Boyer, EW Burns, DA Lear, GG Golden, HE Harlin, K Bytnerowicz, A Butler, TJ Glatz, R AF Elliott, E. M. Kendall, C. Boyer, E. W. Burns, D. A. Lear, G. G. Golden, H. E. Harlin, K. Bytnerowicz, A. Butler, T. J. Glatz, R. TI Dual nitrate isotopes in dry deposition: Utility for partitioning NOx source contributions to landscape nitrogen deposition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE; PASSIVE SAMPLER; UNITED-STATES; AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MAJOR HIGHWAY; ALPINE LAKES; FRESH-WATER; AMBIENT AIR; DIOXIDE AB Dry deposition is a major component of total atmospheric nitrogen deposition and thus an important source of bioavailable nitrogen to ecosystems. However, relative to wet deposition, less is known regarding the sources and spatial variability of dry deposition. This is in part due to difficulty in measuring dry deposition and associated deposition velocities. Passive sampling techniques offer potential for improving our understanding of the spatial distribution and sources of gaseous and aerosol N species, referred to here as dry deposition. We report dual nitrate isotopic composition (delta N-15 and delta O-18) in actively collected dry and wet deposition across the high-deposition region of Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania. We also present results from initial tests to examine the efficacy of using passive nitric acid collectors as a collection medium for isotopic analysis at a site in New York. Isotopic values in actively collected dry deposition, including particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid, are compared with those in wet nitrate deposition and surrounding NOx emission sources. delta N-15 values in dry and wet fractions are highest at the westernmost sites and lowest at the easternmost sites, and stationary source NOx emissions (e. g., power plants and incinerators) appear to be the primary control on delta N-15 spatial variability. In contrast, delta O-18 values show a less consistent spatial pattern in dry deposition. Both delta N-15 and delta O-18 show strong seasonality, with higher values in winter than summer. Seasonal variations in stationary source NOx emissions appear to be the most likely explanation for seasonal variations in delta N-15, whereas seasonal variations in air temperature and solar radiation indicate variable chemical oxidation pathways control delta O-18 patterns. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of passive samplers for collecting the nitric acid (HNO3) component of dry deposition suitable for isotopic analysis. We observe slight differences in delta N-15-HNO3 values between simultaneous samples collected actively and passively (0.6%). However, we observe a larger offset in delta O-18 values between actively and passively collected samples; the causes for this offset warrant further investigation. Nonetheless, passive sample collection represents a significant cost savings over active sampling techniques and could allow a more extensive understanding of patterns of dry deposition and associated insights to nitrogen sources across landscapes. C1 [Elliott, E. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Elliott, E. M.; Kendall, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boyer, E. W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Burns, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lear, G. G.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Golden, H. E.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Harlin, K.] Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Cent Analyt Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Bytnerowicz, A.] US Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Butler, T. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Butler, T. J.] Cornell Univ, Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Elliott, EM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 200 SRCC,4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM eelliott@pitt.edu RI Elliott, Emily /E-8122-2011; Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 OI Elliott, Emily /0000-0002-9653-1513; FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; Electric Power Research Institute; U.S. Geological Survey FX We gratefully acknowledge laboratory assistance from Cecily Chang, Mark Rollog, and Steve Silva. We also thank Scott Wankel for his laboratory assistance and work with the microbial denitrifier method. We thank Michael Brown for his assistance in deployment of the passive samplers and in determining concentrations of eluted passive samples, and Dan Bain for his assistance with GIS. We are grateful to the CASTNET (MACTEC) and NADP staff for their cooperation in this study and assistance with receiving archived samples for isotopic analysis. We appreciate review comments from Robert Vet, Scott Wankel, and two anonymous reviewers that substantially improved this manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the U. S. Geological Survey; we are especially grateful to Ellen Burkhard, Rick Carlton, and Mark Watson for their interest in this work and support of this effort. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 57 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G04020 DI 10.1029/2008JG000889 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 532AJ UT WOS:000272715100001 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Iams, KP Dawe, S Smith, SR Williamson, JL Heisey, DM Osorio, JE AF Rocke, Tonie E. Iams, Keith P. Dawe, Sandra Smith, Susan R. Williamson, Judy L. Heisey, Dennis M. Osorio, Jorge E. TI Further development of raccoon poxvirus-vectored vaccines against plague (Yersinia pestis) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Raccoon poxvirus; Vaccine; Yersinia pestis; RH: Raccoon poxvirus-vectored vaccines against plague ID V-ANTIGEN; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; FUSION PROTEIN; MICE; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTECTION; IMMUNIZATION; SUPPRESSION; CONSUMPTION; INHIBITION AB In previous studies, we demonstrated protection against plague in mice and prairie dogs using a raccoon pox (RCN) virus-vectored vaccine that expressed the F1 capsular antigen of Yersinia pestis. In order to improve vaccine efficacy, we have now constructed additional RCN-plague vaccines containing two different forms of the IcrV(V) gene, including full-length (Vfull) and a truncated form (V307). Mouse challenge studies with Y. pestis strain CO92 showed that vaccination with a combination of RCN-F1 and the truncated V construct (RCN-V307) provided the greatest improvement (P=0.01) in protection against plague over vaccination with RCN-F1 alone. This effect was mediated primarily by anti-F1 and anti-V antibodies and both contributed independently to increased survival of vaccinated mice. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.; Smith, Susan R.; Williamson, Judy L.; Heisey, Dennis M.] USGS BRD, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Iams, Keith P.; Dawe, Sandra; Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), USGS BRD, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division; Defense Advanced Research FX The authors are grateful to B. Powell, USAMRIID, for F1 and V antigens for ELISA, W. Berlier, J. Lambert-Newman and N. Pussini for animal care and technical assistance, and C. Partidos and J. Hall for critical review of this manuscript. Funding for the study was provided by the US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 338 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.043 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 559YS UT WOS:000274869300008 PM 19879228 ER PT J AU Scholl, MA Shanley, JB Zegarra, JP Coplen, TB AF Scholl, Martha A. Shanley, James B. Zegarra, Jan Paul Coplen, Tyler B. TI The stable isotope amount effect: New insights from NEXRAD echo tops, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONTANE CLOUD FORESTS; ESTIMATING RECHARGE; REGIONAL HYDROLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; AMERICA; HAWAII; ISLAND AB The stable isotope amount effect has often been invoked to explain patterns of isotopic composition of rainfall in the tropics. This paper describes a new approach, correlating the isotopic composition of precipitation with cloud height and atmospheric temperature using NEXRAD radar echo tops, which are a measure of the maximum altitude of rainfall within the clouds. The seasonal differences in echo top altitudes and their corresponding temperatures are correlated with the isotopic composition of rainfall. These results offer another factor to consider in interpretation of the seasonal variation in isotopic composition of tropical rainfall, which has previously been linked to amount or rainout effects and not to temperature effects. Rain and cloud water isotope collectors in the Luquillo Mountains in northeastern Puerto Rico were sampled monthly for three years and precipitation was analyzed for delta O-18 and delta H-2. Precipitation enriched in O-18 and H-2 occurred during the winter dry season (approximately December-May) and was associated with a weather pattern of trade wind showers and frontal systems. During the summer rainy season (approximately June- November), precipitation was depleted in O-18 and H-2 and originated in low pressure systems and convection associated with waves embedded in the prevailing easterly airflow. Rain substantially depleted in O-18 and H-2 compared to the aforementioned weather patterns occurred during large low pressure systems. Weather analysis showed that 29% of rain input to the Luquillo Mountains was trade wind orographic rainfall, and 30% of rainfall could be attributed to easterly waves and low pressure systems. Isotopic signatures associated with these major climate patterns can be used to determine their influence on streamflow and groundwater recharge and to monitor possible effects of climate change on regional water resources. C1 [Scholl, Martha A.; Zegarra, Jan Paul; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. RP Scholl, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mascholl@usgs.gov OI Scholl, Martha/0000-0001-6994-4614 FU U. S. Geological Survey FX We acknowledge support from the National Research Program (NRP) and the Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program of the U. S. Geological Survey. We thank Manuel Rosario-Torres and Joseph Troester for their assistance in collecting the samples and Haiping Qi and Jennifer Lorenz of the U. S. Geological Survey Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory for analysis of the samples. The El Yunque National Forest-USDA and IITF staff provided access to collection sites. Alden Provost assisted with data analysis. Heather Buss and Isaac Winograd of the USGS and the associate editor and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W12407 DI 10.1029/2008WR007515 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 532BN UT WOS:000272718600001 ER PT J AU Woodson, CB Washburn, L Barth, JA Hoover, DJ Kirincich, AR McManus, MA Ryan, JP Tyburczy, J AF Woodson, C. B. Washburn, L. Barth, J. A. Hoover, D. J. Kirincich, A. R. McManus, M. A. Ryan, J. P. Tyburczy, J. TI Northern Monterey Bay upwelling shadow front: Observations of a coastally and surface-trapped buoyant plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; INNER SHELF; THIN-LAYERS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; FLUX; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM AB During the upwelling season in central California, northwesterly winds along the coast produce a strong upwelling jet that originates at Point Ano Nuevo and flows southward across the mouth of Monterey Bay. A convergent front with a mean temperature change of 3.77 +/- 0.29 degrees C develops between the warm interior waters and the cold offshore upwelling jet. To examine the forcing mechanisms driving the location and movement of the upwelling shadow front and its effects on biological communities in northern Monterey Bay, oceanographic conditions were monitored using cross-shelf mooring arrays, drifters, and hydrographic surveys along a 20 km stretch of coast extending northwestward from Santa Cruz, California, during the upwelling season of 2007 (May-September). The alongshore location of the upwelling shadow front at the northern edge of the bay was driven by: regional wind forcing, through an alongshore pressure gradient; buoyancy forces due to the temperature change across the front; and local wind forcing (the diurnal sea breeze). The upwelling shadow front behaved as a surface-trapped buoyant current, which is superimposed on a poleward barotropic current, moving up and down the coast up to several kilometers each day. We surmise that the front is advected poleward by a preexisting northward barotropic current of 0.10 m s(-1) that arises due to an alongshore pressure gradient caused by focused upwelling at Point Ano Nuevo. The frontal circulation (onshore surface currents) breaks the typical two-dimensional wind-driven, cross-shelf circulation (offshore surface currents) and introduces another way for water, and the material it contains (e. g., pollutants, larvae), to go across the shelf toward shore. C1 [Woodson, C. B.] Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Washburn, L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Tyburczy, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barth, J. A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hoover, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kirincich, A. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Woodson, C. B.; McManus, M. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ryan, J. P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Woodson, CB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bwoodson@stanford.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation. FX This is contribution number 350 from PISCO, the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans, funded primarily by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. The authors would like to express gratitude to P. Raimondi for guidance and keen insights, to C. Storlazzi for instrumentation, and to R. Skrovan, J. D. Figurski, P. DalFerro, P. Tompkins, K. Nichols, C. Melton, and PISCO personnel at UCSC for support and access to long-term data. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C12013 DI 10.1029/2009JC005623 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 532AS UT WOS:000272716200001 ER PT J AU Clift, PD Carter, A Draut, AE Van Long, H Chew, DM Schouten, HA AF Clift, Peter D. Carter, Andrew Draut, Amy E. Van Long, Hoang Chew, David M. Schouten, Hans A. TI Detrital U-Pb zircon dating of lower Ordovician syn-arc-continent collision conglomerates in the Irish Caledonides SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Collision; Erosion; Zircon; Caledonides; Grampian ID WESTERN IRELAND; MOINE SUPERGROUP; NW SCOTLAND; GRAMPIAN OROGENY; SOUTH MAYO; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; DALRADIAN SUPERGROUP; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; LAURENTIAN MARGIN; LEWISIAN COMPLEX AB The Early Ordovician Grampian Orogeny in the British Isles represents a classic example of collision between an oceanic island arc and a passive continental margin, starting around 480 Ma. The South Mayo Trough in western Ireland preserves a complete and well-dated sedimentary record of arc collision. We sampled sandstones and conglomerates from the Rosroe, Maumtrasna and Derryveeny Formations in order to assess erosion rates and patterns during and after arc collision. U-Pb dating of zircons reveals a provenance dominated by erosion from the upper levels of the Dalradian Supergroup (Southern Highland and Argyll Groups), with up to 20% influx from the colliding arc into the Rosroe Formation, but only 6% in the Maumtrasna Formation (similar to 465 Ma). The dominant source regions lay to the northeast (e.g. in the vicinity of the Ox Mountains, 50 km distant, along strike). The older portions of the North Mayo Dalradian and its depositional basement (the Armagh Gneiss Complex) do not appear to have been important sources, while the Connemara Dalradian only plays a part after 460 Ma, when it supplies the Derryveeny Formation. By this time all erosion from the arc had effectively ceased and exhumation rates had slowed greatly. The Irish Grampian Orogeny parallels the modern Taiwan collision in showing little role for the colliding arc in the production of sediment. Negligible volumes of arc crust are lost because of erosion during accretion to the continental margin. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clift, Peter D.; Van Long, Hoang] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. [Carter, Andrew] Univ London, Sch Earth Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Draut, Amy E.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Chew, David M.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Geol, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Schouten, Hans A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Clift, PD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Marginal Sea Geol, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, 164 Xingangxi Rd, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM pclift@abdn.ac.uk RI Chew, David/B-7828-2008; Carter, Andrew/C-1371-2008; Clift, Peter/A-8972-2012; OI Chew, David/0000-0002-6940-1035; Carter, Andrew/0000-0002-0090-5868; East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 FU College of Physical Sciences at the University of Aberdeen FX We thank the College of Physical Sciences at the University of Aberdeen for support for this project. The University of Aberdeen is a charity registered in Scotland, No SC013683. Grahame Oliver and Bernard Leake are thanked for their advice about the Dalradian. PC thanks the Geological Society of London for their support in attending the IGCP meeting in Tainan, Taiwan. Paul Ryan and Peter Cawood are thanked for the helpful reviews used in improving the original manuscript. NR 86 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 479 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.018 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 539BW UT WOS:000273229400013 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Pathare, AV Stern, LA Lenferink, HJ AF Durham, William B. Pathare, Asmin V. Stern, Laura A. Lenferink, Hendrik J. TI Mobility of icy sand packs, with application to Martian permafrost SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT CRATERS; GROUND ICE; MARS; WATER; RHEOLOGY; DEPOSITS AB The physical state of water on Mars has fundamental ramifications for both climatology and astrobiology. The widespread presence of "softened'' Martian landforms (such as impact craters) can be attributed to viscous creep of subsurface ground ice. We present laboratory experiments designed to determine the minimum amount of ice necessary to mobilize topography within Martian permafrost. Our results show that the jammed-to-mobile transition of icy sand packs neither occurs at fixed ice content nor is dependent on temperature or stress, but instead correlates strongly with the maximum dry packing density of the sand component. Viscosity also changes rapidly near the mobility transition. The results suggest a potentially lower minimum volatile inventory for the impact-pulverized megaregolith of Mars. Furthermore, the long-term preservation of partially relaxed craters implies that the ice content of Martian permafrost has remained close to that at the mobility transition throughout Martian history. Citation: Durham, W. B., A. V. Pathare, L. A. Stern, and H. J. Lenferink (2009), Mobility of icy sand packs, with application to Martian permafrost, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23203, doi: 10.1029/2009GL040392. C1 [Durham, William B.; Lenferink, Hendrik J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pathare, Asmin V.] Planetary Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Stern, Laura A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM wbdurham@mit.edu FU NASA [NNX08AT14G]; MIT FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support by NASA Mars Fundamental Research grant NNX08AT14G. HJL acknowledges support from the MIT Grayce B. Kerr Fellowship. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L23203 DI 10.1029/2009GL040392 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 531ZP UT WOS:000272712800003 ER PT J AU Lang, KD Schulte, LA Guntenspergen, GR AF Lang, Katharyn D. Schulte, Lisa A. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Windthrow and salvage logging in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wind; Post-disturbance logging; Sanitary logging; Forest recovery; Microtopography; Tip-up; Flambeau River; Wisconsin ID CATASTROPHIC WIND; TSUGA-CANADENSIS; GREAT-LAKES; EXPERIMENTAL HURRICANE; DISTURBANCE; REGENERATION; UNDERSTORY; VEGETATION; IMPACTS; DEER AB Although the initial response to salvage (also known as, post-disturbance or sanitary) logging is known to vary among system components, little is known about longer term forest recovery. We examine forest overstory, understory, soil, and microtopographic response 25 years after a 1977 severe wind disturbance on the Flambeau River State Forest in Wisconsin, USA, a portion of which was salvage logged. Within this former old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest, tree dominance has shifted from Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to broad-leaf deciduous species (Ulmus americana, Acer saccharum, Tilia americana, Populus tremuloides, and Betula alleghaniensis) in both the salvaged and unsalvaged areas. While the biological legacies of pre-disturbance seedlings, saplings, and mature trees were initially more abundant in the unsalvaged area, regeneration through root suckers and stump sprouts was common in both areas. After 25 years, tree basal area, sapling density, shrub layer density, and seedling cover had converged between unsalvaged and salvaged areas. In contrast, understory herb communities differed between salvaged and unsalvaged forest, with salvaged forest containing significantly higher understory herb richness and cover, and greater dominance of species benefiting from disturbance, especially Solidago species. Soil bulk density, pH, organic carbon content, and organic nitrogen content were also significantly higher in the salvaged area. The structural legacy of tip-up microtopography remains more pronounced in the unsalvaged area, with significantly taller tip-up mounds and deeper pits. Mosses and some forest herbs, including Athyrium filix-femina and Hydrophyllum virginianum, showed strong positive responses to this tip-up microrelief, highlighting the importance of these structural legacies for understory biodiversity. In sum, although the pathways of recovery differed, this forest appeared to be as resilient to the compound disturbances of windthrow plus salvage logging as to wind disturbance alone, by most vegetative measures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lang, Katharyn D.; Schulte, Lisa A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Lang, KD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Highway 169E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM katharynlang@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Federal McIntire-Stennis Funds; Iowa State University; U.S. Geological Survey; National Geographic Society; American Philosophical Society FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Federal McIntire-Stennis Funds, Iowa State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey. G.R. Guntenspergen also acknowledges the support of a Sigma Xi Grant-In-Aid of Research that initiated this study in 1979 and support from the National Geographic Society and the American Philosophical Society to continue the long-term monitoring at this site. We thank T. Anderson for assistance in the field work, M.J. Burkgren for soil sample preparation, L. Burras for assistance with and advice on soil analysis, C. Mabry McMullen for assistance in analyzing understory herb data, P. Caragea for statistical advice, and R. Atwell and especially C. Peterson for comments on the manuscript. C.P. Dunn and J. Dorney were instrumental in helping to establish permanent plots in 1979. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 5 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.042 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 530IM UT WOS:000272582800007 ER PT J AU Kopp, RE Schumann, D Raub, TD Powars, DS Godfrey, LV Swanson-Hysell, NL Maloof, AC Vali, H AF Kopp, Robert E. Schumann, Dirk Raub, Timothy D. Powars, David S. Godfrey, Linda V. Swanson-Hysell, Nicholas L. Maloof, Adam C. Vali, Hojatollah TI An Appalachian Amazon? Magnetofossil evidence for the development of a tropical river-like system in the mid-Atlantic United States during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE EXCURSION; EARLY DIAGENETIC PROCESSES; COMET IMPACT TRIGGER; SEA-LEVEL; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NEW-JERSEY; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SEDIMENTARY DYNAMICS; BACTERIAL MAGNETITE; BIOGENIC MAGNETITE AB On the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States, Paleocene sands and silts are replaced during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) by the kaolinite-rich Marlboro Clay. The clay preserves abundant magnetite produced by magnetotactic bacteria and novel, presumptively eukaryotic, iron-biomineralizing microorganisms. Using ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy, we map the magnetofossil distribution in the context of stratigraphy and carbon isotope data and identify three magnetic facies in the clay: one characterized by a mix of detrital particles and magnetofossils, a second with a higher magnetofossil-to-detrital ratio, and a third with only transient magnetofossils. The distribution of these facies suggests that suboxic conditions promoting magnetofossil production and preservation occurred throughout inner middle neritic sediments of the Salisbury Embayment but extended only transiently to outer neritic sediments and the flanks of the embayment. Such a distribution is consistent with the development of a system resembling a modern tropical river-dominated shelf. C1 [Kopp, Robert E.; Swanson-Hysell, Nicholas L.; Maloof, Adam C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schumann, Dirk; Vali, Hojatollah] McGill Univ, Facil Electron Microscopy Res, Montreal, PQ QC H3A, Canada. [Schumann, Dirk; Vali, Hojatollah] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ QC H3A, Canada. [Raub, Timothy D.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Powars, David S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Godfrey, Linda V.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Vali, Hojatollah] McGill Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Montreal, PQ QC H3A, Canada. RP Kopp, RE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM rkopp@princeton.edu RI Kopp, Robert/B-8822-2008; Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012; OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943; Raub, Timothy/0000-0002-7471-0246; Swanson-Hysell, Nicholas/0000-0003-3215-4648; Kopp, Robert/0000-0003-4016-9428 FU NASA [NNX07AK12G]; Princeton University Wood-row Wilson School Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT) FX We thank Jerry Dickens, Neal Driscoll, Lucy Edwards, Mihaela Glamoclija, Dennis Kent, Ken Miller, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and discussion. We thank Jim Browning for assistance sampling A, M, and SG and Ellen Thomas for access to samples of BR. New Jersey samples were provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). Maryland and Virginia samples were provided by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Amazon samples were provided by Robert Aller. Research funding was provided in part by NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology grant NNX07AK12G (to Joseph Kirschvink). R. E. K. was funded by a Princeton University Wood-row Wilson School Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy program postdoctoral fellowship. D. S. and H. V. were supported by grants from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT) to the Centre for Biorecognition and Biosensors. NR 80 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD DEC 5 PY 2009 VL 24 AR PA4211 DI 10.1029/2009PA001783 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 528LO UT WOS:000272447400001 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH Jaffe, BE AF Ganju, Neil K. Schoellhamer, David H. Jaffe, Bruce E. TI Hindcasting of decadal-timescale estuarine bathymetric change with a tidal-timescale model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT MODEL; TURBULENCE; VERIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; EROSION; WAVE AB Hindcasting decadal-timescale bathymetric change in estuaries is prone to error due to limited data for initial conditions, boundary forcing, and calibration; computational limitations further hinder efforts. We developed and calibrated a tidal-timescale model to bathymetric change in Suisun Bay, California, over the 1867-1887 period. A general, multiple-timescale calibration ensured robustness over all timescales; two input reduction methods, the morphological hydrograph and the morphological acceleration factor, were applied at the decadal timescale. The model was calibrated to net bathymetric change in the entire basin; average error for bathymetric change over individual depth ranges was 37%. On a model cell-by-cell basis, performance for spatial amplitude correlation was poor over the majority of the domain, though spatial phase correlation was better, with 61% of the domain correctly indicated as erosional or depositional. Poor agreement was likely caused by the specification of initial bed composition, which was unknown during the 1867-1887 period. Cross-sectional bathymetric change between channels and flats, driven primarily by wind wave resuspension, was modeled with higher skill than longitudinal change, which is driven in part by gravitational circulation. The accelerated response of depth may have prevented gravitational circulation from being represented properly. As performance criteria became more stringent in a spatial sense, the error of the model increased. While these methods are useful for estimating basin-scale sedimentation changes, they may not be suitable for predicting specific locations of erosion or deposition. They do, however, provide a foundation for realistic estuarine geomorphic modeling applications. C1 [Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.; Schoellhamer, David H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov; dschoell@usgs.gov; bjaffe@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014 OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; FU U.S. Geological Survey's Priority Ecosystems Science program; CALFED Bay/Delta Program; University of California Center for Water Resources; CASCADE project (Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem) [SCI-05-C01-84] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Priority Ecosystems Science program, CALFED Bay/Delta Program, and the University of California Center for Water Resources. Use of ROMS and the CSTMS was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, with assistance from John Warner. This article is contribution 13 to the CASCADE project (Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem, Project SCI-05-C01-84). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CALFED Science Program. Input from Dano Roelvink, Mick van der Wegen, anonymous reviewers, and especially the Editor greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC 2 PY 2009 VL 114 AR F04019 DI 10.1029/2008JF001191 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 528KW UT WOS:000272445200001 ER PT J AU Dusek, RJ McLean, RG Kramer, LD Ubico, SR Dupuis, AP Ebel, GD Guptill, SC AF Dusek, Robert J. McLean, Robert G. Kramer, Laura D. Ubico, Sonya R. Dupuis, Alan P., II Ebel, Gregory D. Guptill, Stephen C. TI Prevalence of West Nile Virus in Migratory Birds during Spring and Fall Migration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; MOSQUITOS; LOUISIANA; USA AB To investigate the role of migratory birds in the dissemination of West Nile virus (WNV), we measured the prevalence of infectious WNV and specific WNV neutralizing antibodies in birds, principally Passeriformes, during spring and fall migrations in the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways from 2001-2003. Blood samples were obtained from 13,403 birds, representing 133 species. Specific WNV neutralizing antibody was detected in 254 resident and migratory birds, representing 39 species, and was most commonly detected in northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) (9.8%, N = 762) and gray catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis) (3.2%, N = 3188). West Nile virus viremias were detected in 19 birds, including 8 gray catbirds, and only during the fall migratory period. These results provide additional evidence that migratory birds may have been a principal agent for the spread of WNV in North America and provide data on the occurrence of WNV in a variety of bird species. C1 [Dusek, Robert J.; McLean, Robert G.; Ubico, Sonya R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Kramer, Laura D.; Dupuis, Alan P., II; Ebel, Gregory D.] New York State Dept Hlth, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dusek, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rdusek@usgs.gov; Robert.G.McLean@aphis.usda.gov; ldk02@health.state.ny.us; apd05@health.state.ny.us; gebel@salud.unm.edu; sguptill@guptillgeoscience.com RI Ebel, Gregory/D-8324-2017; OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1158 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0106 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 531YN UT WOS:000272709600035 PM 19996451 ER PT J AU Oesterle, PT Nemeth, NM VanDalen, K Sullivan, H Bentler, KT Young, GR McLean, RG Clark, L Smeraski, C Hall, JS AF Oesterle, Paul T. Nemeth, Nicole M. VanDalen, Kaci Sullivan, Heather Bentler, Kevin T. Young, Ginger R. McLean, Robert G. Clark, Larry Smeraski, Cynthia Hall, Jeffrey S. TI Experimental Infection of Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with Varying Doses of West Nile Virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; NORTH-AMERICA; BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; COLORADO; HEMISPHERE AB Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) were inoculated with differing doses of West Nile virus (WNV) to evaluate their potential role as reservoir hosts in nature. Swallows often nest in large colonies in habitats and months associated with high mosquito abundance and early WNV transmission in North America. Additionally, cliff swallow diet consists of insects, including mosquitoes, leading to an additional potential route of WNV infection. The average peak viremia titer among infected cliff swallows was 106.3, plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL serum and the reservoir competence index was 0.34. There was no correlation between dose and probability of becoming infected or viremia peak and duration. Oral shedding was detected from 2 to 14 days post-inoculation with an average peak titer of 10(4.4) PFU/swab. These results suggest that cliff swallows are competent reservoir hosts of WNV and therefore, they may play a role in early seasonal amplification and maintenance of WNV. C1 [Oesterle, Paul T.; Nemeth, Nicole M.; VanDalen, Kaci; Sullivan, Heather; Bentler, Kevin T.; Young, Ginger R.; McLean, Robert G.; Clark, Larry] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nemeth, Nicole M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Smeraski, Cynthia] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Oesterle, PT (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Paul.T.Oesterle@aphis.usda.gov; Nicole.M.Nemeth@aphis.usda.gov; Kaci.Vandalen@aphis.usda.gov; Heather.Sullivan@aphis.usda.gov; Kevin.T.Bentler@aphis.usda.gov; gpj2@cdc.gov; Robert.G.McLean@aphis.usda.gov; Larry.Clark@aphis.usda.gov; Cynthia.Smeraski@colostate.edu; jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [07-7488-0587]; National Institutes of Health [1 RO1CI000219-01]; Colorado State University Infectious Disease Initiative (Office of Vice President for Research and Information Technology) FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant number 07-7488-0587) by the National Institutes of Health [grant number 1 RO1CI000219-01 (LC)] and by Colorado State University Infectious Disease Initiative (Office of Vice President for Research and Information Technology). NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1164 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0136 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 531YN UT WOS:000272709600036 PM 19996452 ER PT J AU Walton-Day, K Poeter, E AF Walton-Day, Katherine Poeter, Eileen TI Investigating hydraulic connections and the origin of water in a mine tunnel using stable isotopes and hydrographs SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW SYSTEMS; O-18; PRECIPITATION; HYDROGEN; DRAINAGE; LAKES; DEUTERIUM; COLORADO; MONTANA; CLIMATE AB Turquoise Lake is a water-supply reservoir located north of the historic Sugarloaf Mining district near Leadville, Colorado, USA. Elevated water levels in the reservoir may increase flow of low-quality water from abandoned mine tunnels in the Sugarloaf District and degrade water quality downstream. The objective of this study was to understand the sources of water to Dinero mine drainage tunnel and evaluate whether or not there was a direct hydrologic connection between Dinero mine tunnel and Turquoise Lake from late 2002 to early 2008. This study utilized hydrograph data from nearby draining mine tunnels and the lake, and stable isotope (delta(18)O and delta(2)H) data from the lake, nearby draining mine tunnels, imported water, and springs to characterize water sources in the study area. Hydrograph results indicate that flow from the Dinero mine tunnel decreased 26% (2006) and 10% (2007) when lake elevation (above mean sea level) decreased below approximately 3004 m (approximately 9855 feet). Results I of isotope analysis delineated two meteoric water lines in the study area. One line characterizes surface water and water imported to the study area from the western side of the Continental Divide. The other line characterizes groundwater including draining mine tunnels, springs, and seeps. Isotope mixing calculations indicate that water from Turquoise Lake or seasonal groundwater recharge from snowmelt represents approximately 10% or less of the water in Dinero mine tunnel. However, most of the water in Dinero mine tunnel is from deep groundwater having minimal isotopic variation. The asymmetric shape of the Dinero mine tunnel hydrograph may indicate that a limited mine pool exists behind a collapse in the tunnel and attenutates seasonal recharge. Alternatively, a conceptual model is presented (and supported with MODFLOW simulations) that is consistent with current and previous data collected in the study area, and illustrates how fluctuating lake levels change the local water-table elevation which can affect discharge from the Dinero mine tunnel without physical transfer of water between the two 1,locations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Walton-Day, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Poeter, Eileen] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Walton-Day, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kwaltond@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; Bureau of Reclamation; Bureau of Land Management FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, the Bureau of Reclamation, and Bureau of Land Management. Maria Pastore, Tara Clancy, Matthew Day, Jennifer Flynn, Ben Glass, Heather Handran, and Margaret Walton assisted with data collection and manuscript preparation. The interpretations presented herein benefitted from discussions with J.K. Bohlke,Tyler Coplen, Joseph Gurierri, M. Alisa Mast, David K. Mueller, Donald Rosenberry, Robert Rye, Kenneth Watts, and Thomas Winter and from thoughtful reviews by Chelsea Carr, Earl Cassidy, Rodger Ortiz, Robert Seal, William Tully and an anonymous reviewer. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2266 EP 2282 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.015 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 531DK UT WOS:000272642700007 ER PT J AU Ramsay, JM Feist, GW Varga, ZM Westerfield, M Kent, ML Schreck, CB AF Ramsay, Jennifer M. Feist, Grant W. Varga, Zoltan M. Westerfield, Monte Kent, Michael L. Schreck, Carl B. TI Whole-body cortisol response of zebrafish to acute net handling stress SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Age; Biomedical model; Danio rerio; Fish husbandry; Stressors ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DANIO-RERIO; RAINBOW-TROUT; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; COHO SALMON; BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; ACUTE CONFINEMENT; CHINOOK SALMON; FISH; CORTICOSTEROIDS AB Zebrafish, Danio rerio, are frequently handled during husbandry and experimental procedures in the laboratory, yet little is known about the physiological responses to such stressors. We measured the whole-body cortisol levels of adult zebrafish subjected to net stress and air exposure at intervals over a 24 h period; cortisol recovered to near control levels by about 1 h post-net-stress (PNS). We then measured cortisol at frequent intervals over a 1 h period. Cortisol levels were more than 2-fold higher in net stressed fish at 3 min PNS and continued to increase peaking at 15 min PNS, when cortisol levels were 6-fold greater than the control cortisol. Mean cortisol declined from 15 to 60 min PNS, and at 60 min, net-stressed cortisol was similar to control cortisol. Because the age of fish differed between studies, we examined resting cortisol levels of fish of different ages (3, 7, 13. and 19 months). The resting cortisol values among tanks with the same age fish differed significantly but there was no clear effect of age. Our study is the first to report the response and recovery of cortisol after net handling for laboratory-reared zebrafish. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramsay, Jennifer M.; Feist, Grant W.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramsay, Jennifer M.; Feist, Grant W.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Varga, Zoltan M.; Westerfield, Monte] 5274 Univ Oregon, Zebrafish Int Resource Ctr, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Westerfield, Monte] 1254 Univ Oregon, Inst Neurosci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ramsay, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ramsay@lifetime.oregonstate.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R24RRO17386-01 A1, P40 RR12546]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Departments of Fisheries and Wildlife; Microbiology at Oregon State University; Zebrafish International Resource Center at the University of Oregon FX The authors wish to thank the ZIRC staff, particularly Dr. Jennifer Matthews, April Freeman, Carrie Carmicheal, Beth Murrill and David Lains for their assistance with the experiments. Thanks to Drs. John Leatherland and Dixon Landers for their critical review of the manuscript. The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH grants #: R24RRO17386-01 A1 and P40 RR12546). JMR was supported by a Post-graduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Departments of Fisheries and Wildlife and Microbiology at Oregon State University and the Zebrafish International Resource Center at the University of Oregon. Mention of a brand name does not imply endorsement of the product by the U.S. Federal Government. NR 55 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 297 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.035 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 523ID UT WOS:000272065100023 PM 25587201 ER PT J AU Hoover, DJ Mackenzie, FT AF Hoover, D. J. Mackenzie, F. T. TI Fluvial Fluxes of Water, Suspended Particulate Matter, and Nutrients and Potential Impacts on Tropical Coastal Water Biogeochemistry: Oahu, Hawai'i SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tropical coastal ecosystems; Tropical streams; Fluvial fluxes; Storm runoff; Land use; Water quality; Nutrients ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; KANEOHE BAY; STORM RUNOFF; SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN; OCEAN; ESTUARY; RIVERS; CARBON; SEA AB Baseflow and storm runoff fluxes of water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and nutrients (N and P) were assessed in conservation, urban, and agricultural streams discharging to coastal waters around the tropical island of Oahu, Hawai'i. Despite unusually low storm frequency and intensity during the study, storms accounted for 8-77% (median 30%) of discharge, 57-99% (median 93%) of SPM fluxes, 11-79% (median 36%) of dissolved nutrient fluxes and 52-99% (median 85%) of particulate nutrient fluxes to coastal waters. Fluvial nutrient concentrations varied with hydrologic conditions and land use; land use also affected water and particulate fluxes at some sites. Reactive dissolved N:P ratios typically were a parts per thousand yen16 (the 'Redfield ratio' for marine phytoplankton), indicating that inputs could support new production by coastal phytoplankton, but uptake of dissolved nutrients is probably inefficient due to rapid dilution and export of fluvial dissolved inputs. Particulate N and P fluxes were similar to or larger than dissolved fluxes at all sites (median 49% of total nitrogen, range 22-82%; median 69% of total phosphorus, range 49-93%). Impacts of particulate nutrients on coastal ecosystems will depend on how efficiently SPM is retained in nearshore areas, and on the timing and degree of transformation to reactive dissolved forms. Nevertheless, the magnitude of particulate nutrient fluxes suggests that they represent a significant nutrient source for many coastal ecosystems over relatively long time scales (weeks-years), and that reductions in particulate nutrient loading actually may have negative impacts on some coastal ecosystems. C1 [Hoover, D. J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mackenzie, F. T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hoover, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dan.hoover@gmail.com FU NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA05OAR417048] FX We thank S. Smith, E. DeCarlo, R. Kinzie, C. Smith, R. S. Hoover, K. Ruttenberg, B. Sundby and 3 anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank D. Hashimoto and T. Rust for their assistance in the analysis of nutrient samples, and the U. S. Geological Survey, the U. S. Coast Guard, Castle and Cooke, Dole Foods, the State of Hawaii, Kauhale Beach Cove Condominiums, and Paul Jacoby and Barbara Lynn for access to study sites. This study was funded in part by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, project R/El 33, which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA05OAR417048 from the NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. Contribution No. 7772 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 547 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s10498-009-9067-2 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 518UO UT WOS:000271720200005 ER PT J AU Gleason, JS Rode, KD AF Gleason, Jeffrey S. Rode, Karyn D. TI Polar Bear Distribution and Habitat Association Reflect Long-term Changes in Fall Sea Ice Conditions in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; Alaska; Arctic; climate change; distribution; habitat association; polar bear; sea ice ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; BERING-SEA; AVAILABILITY; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACTS AB The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is considered an indicator species of ecosystem health because of its longevity, life-history requirements, reliance on sea ice (i.e., sea ice obligate), and position in the Arctic food web. Polar bear distribution and habitat association should both be reliable signals for environmental perturbation, as the bears respond behaviorally to changes in sea ice extent, the timing and duration of ice formation, and ablation. Polar bears and sea ice conditions were monitored as part of the annual fall bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) aerial survey in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea between 1979 and 2005. Habitats associated with polar bear sightings changed during the study, with fewer bears associated with ice (irrespective of ice type and percent) and more bears associated with land and open water. Large-scale differences were documented for both ice type and percent ice cover, particularly in September. In general, the pattern in September (and to a lesser extent in October) included a reduction in old ice and a concomitant increase in open water. In addition, there was an eastward and landward shift in polar bear sightings. From 1979 to 1987, polar bears were observed primarily on ice along the shelf break near Barrow, whereas from 1997 to 2005, polar bears were observed on barrier islands or along the mainland coast near Kaktovik. The changes in polar bear distribution and habitat association appear to reflect a behavioral response by polar bears to changes in ice (type and percent cover) and in the timing of ice formation and ablation. C1 [Gleason, Jeffrey S.] Minerals Management Serv, Environm Studies Sect, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Rode, Karyn D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Gleason, JS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1 1st St SW,POB E, Kulm, ND 58456 USA. EM jeff_gleason@fws.gov RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012 FU Department of Interior, Office of Aircraft Services, Anchorage, Alaska FX We wish to recognize Steve Treacy's efforts as BWASP research manager for a significant portion of the project's duration (1987-2003). We acknowledge the efforts of numerous personnel from the Minerals Management Service and other agencies who participated in BWASP in various capacities during the project. The services, knowledge, and skills provided by staff and pilots of ERA, Inc. who participated in the surveys, as well as support from the Department of Interior, Office of Aircraft Services, Anchorage, Alaska, are greatly appreciated. Project data collection and field analysis programs used throughout were designed by John Bennett, John Dunlap, and Tom Murrell. Matt Heller and Michael Hay, GIS analysts with Resource Data, Inc., in Anchorage, Alaska, assisted with data management and retrieval, as well as figure preparation. Earlier versions of this manuscript benefited greatly from reviews by or discussions with Lisa Rotterman, Jim Wilder, Scott Schliebe, Tom Evans, Susan Miller, Craig Perham, and Rosa Meehan. This manuscript came to fruition through insightful discussions with and support from Chuck Monnett, BWASP manager from the Alaska Region Minerals Management Service. This paper benefited greatly from comments provided by Andrew Derocher, Karen McCullough, and two anonymous reviewers. Funding for BWASP surveys was provided by the U.S. Minerals Management Service, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region. The findings and conclusions in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. Any mention of trade names is purely coincidental and does not represent endorsement by the funding agency or the government. NR 85 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 59 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2009 VL 62 IS 4 BP 405 EP 417 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 541ZY UT WOS:000273462000004 ER PT J AU Eisner, WR Cuomo, CJ Hinkel, KM Jones, BM Brower, RH AF Eisner, Wendy R. Cuomo, Chris J. Hinkel, Kenneth M. Jones, Benjamin M. Brower, Ronald H., Sr. TI Advancing Landscape Change Research through the Incorporation of Inupiaq Knowledge SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Arctic coast; database management; environmental change; Geographic Information Systems; Inupiat; indigenous knowledge; landscape processes ID THAW-LAKE BASINS; ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE; ALASKA; SCIENCE; PERSPECTIVES; HISTORY; BARROW; NORTH; AGE AB Indigenous knowledge is a valuable but under-used source of information relevant to landscape change research. We interviewed Inupiat elders, hunters, and other knowledge-holders in the villages of Barrow and Atqasuk on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska to gain further insight into the processes governing the ubiquitous lakes and the dynamics of landscape change in this region of continuous permafrost. The interviews provided a suite of information related to lakes and associated drained lake basins, as well as knowledge on landforms, environmental change, human events, and other phenomena. We were able to corroborate many observations independently and verify the timing of several large and significant lake drainage events using either aerial photography or remotely sensed time series. Data collected have been incorporated into a geodatabase to develop a multi-layer Geographic Information System that will be useful for local and scientific communities. This research demonstrates that indigenous knowledge can reveal a new understanding of landscape changes on the Arctic Coastal Plain in general and on lake processes in particular. We advocate ongoing, community-oriented research throughout the Arctic as a means of assessing and responding to the consequences of rapid environmental change. C1 [Eisner, Wendy R.; Hinkel, Kenneth M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Eisner, Wendy R.] Univ Cincinnati, Environm Studies Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Cuomo, Chris J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Philosophy, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cuomo, Chris J.] Univ Georgia, Inst Womens & Gender Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Brower, Ronald H., Sr.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Eisner, WR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM wendy.eisner@uc.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OPP-0240174, OPP-0539167, BCS-0548846, OPP-0094769, OPP-0713813, ARC-0641623]; Barrow Arctic Science Consortium; Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants OPP-0240174, OPP-0539167 and BCS-0548846 to Wendy Eisner, OPP-0094769 and OPP-0713813 to Kenneth Hinkel, and ARC-0641623 to Richard Beck. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. We are grateful for Support from the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium and the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation. We thank our Inupiat collaborators, especially Thomas Itta, Sr. (deceased), Flossie Itta, Roy Nageak, Sr., Thomas Brower, Jr. (deceased), Virginia Brower, and our translators and community liaisons Lollie Hopson and Ethel Burke. Richard Beck, James Bockheim, Kim Peterson, William Mellman, and John Hurd also assisted in this study. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2009 VL 62 IS 4 BP 429 EP 442 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 541ZY UT WOS:000273462000006 ER PT J AU Fassbinder-Orth, CA Hofmeister, EK Weeks-Levy, C Karasov, WH AF Fassbinder-Orth, Carol A. Hofmeister, Erik K. Weeks-Levy, Carolyn Karasov, William H. TI Oral and Parenteral Immunization of Chickens (Gallus gallus) Against West Nile Virus with Recombinant Envelope Protein SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; envelope protein; nonstructural protein; ELISA; avian immunology; oral vaccination ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MUCOSAL ADJUVANTS; RNA REPLICATION; VACCINE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; PROTECTION; EFFICACY; SERUM; MICE AB West Nile virus (WNV) causes morbidity and mortality in humans, horses, and in more than 315 bird species in North America. Currently approved WNV vaccines are designed for parenteral administration and, as yet, no effective oral WNV vaccines have been developed. WNV envelope (E) protein is a highly antigenic protein that elicits the majority of virus-neutralizing antibodies during a WNV immune response. Leghorn chickens were given three vaccinations (each 2 wk apart) of E protein orally (20 mu g or 100 mu g/dose), of E protein intramuscularly (IM, 20 mu g/dose), or of adjuvant only (control group) followed by a WNV challenge. Viremias were measured post-WNV infection, and three new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed for quantifying IgM, IgY, and IgA-mediated immune response of birds following WNV infection. WNV viremia levels were significantly lower in the IM group than in both oral groups and the control group. Total WNV E protein-specific IgY production was significantly greater, and WNV nonstructural 1-specific IgY was significantly less, in the IM group compared to all other treatment groups. The results of this study indicate that IM vaccination of chickens with E protein is protective against WNV infection and results in a significantly different antibody production profile as compared to both orally vaccinated and nonvaccinated birds. C1 [Fassbinder-Orth, Carol A.] Creighton Univ, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Hofmeister, Erik K.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Weeks-Levy, Carolyn] Hawaii Biotech Inc, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Karasov, William H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fassbinder-Orth, CA (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Dept Biol, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM CarolFassbinder-Orth@creighton.edu FU USDA (Hatch) [WIS142P894]; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin Madison FX We thank Brett Basler, Kathy Dittrich, Simone Laza, Kevin McDonnell, Molly North, Vora Savengseuksa, Lovkesh Karwal, Melissa Lund, Mark Jankowski, Chris Franson, and Richard Zane for their technical assistance, and Jeffrey Hall, Mark Jankowski, and Tawnya Coyle for their review of the manuscript. We would also like to thank the Chiron Corporation in Emeryville, CA for donating the LTK63 adjuvant used in this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This project was funded by USDA (Hatch) WIS142P894 and the Carl Bunde Research Grant from the Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin Madison. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 BP 502 EP 509 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 538QH UT WOS:000273198500006 PM 20095149 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Bohlke, JK Repert, DA Hart, CP AF Smith, Richard L. Boehlke, John Karl Repert, Deborah A. Hart, Charles P. TI Nitrification and denitrification in a midwestern stream containing high nitrate: in situ assessment using tracers in dome-shaped incubation chambers SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; Nitrification; Stream bed; Benthic chamber; Isotope tracer ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ACETYLENE INHIBITION; FRESH-WATER; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; URBAN STREAMS; NITROGEN; RATES; METABOLISM AB The extent to which in-stream processes alter or remove nutrient loads in agriculturally impacted streams is critically important to watershed function and the delivery of those loads to coastal waters. In this study, patch-scale rates of in-stream benthic processes were determined using large volume, open-bottom benthic incubation chambers in a nitrate-rich, first to third order stream draining an area dominated by tile-drained row-crop fields. The chambers were fitted with sampling/mixing ports, a volume compensation bladder, and porewater samplers. Incubations were conducted with added tracers (NaBr and either (15)N[NO(3)(-)], (15)N[NO(2)(-)], or (15)N[NH(4)(+)]) for 24-44 h intervals and reaction rates were determined from changes in concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and nitrogen gas. Overall, nitrate loss rates (220-3,560 mu mol N m(-2) h(-1)) greatly exceeded corresponding denitrification rates (34-212 mu mol N m(-2) h(-1)) and both of these rates were correlated with nitrate concentrations (90-1,330 mu M), which could be readily manipulated with addition experiments. Chamber estimates closely matched whole-stream rates of denitrification and nitrate loss using (15)N. Chamber incubations with acetylene indicated that coupled nitrification/denitrification was not a major source of N(2) production at ambient nitrate concentrations (175 mu M), but acetylene was not effective for assessing denitrification at higher nitrate concentrations (1,330 mu M). Ammonium uptake rates greatly exceeded nitrification rates, which were relatively low even with added ammonium (3.5 mu mol N m(-2) h(-1)), though incubations with nitrite demonstrated that oxidation to nitrate exceeded reduction to nitrogen gas in the surface sediments by fivefold to tenfold. The chamber results confirmed earlier studies that denitrification was a substantial nitrate sink in this stream, but they also indicated that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) turnover rates greatly exceeded the rates of permanent nitrogen removal via denitrification. C1 [Smith, Richard L.; Repert, Deborah A.; Hart, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Boehlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rlsmith@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 FU US Geological Survey; Water Resources Discipline; National Research Program; US Dept. of Agriculture; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Competitive Grant [2001-35102-09870] FX We thank Jenny Baeseman for field assistance, Lesley Smith for MIMS analysis, Judson Harvey for collecting the minipoint porewater samples, and John Duff, Craig Tobias, and Andrew Laursen for manuscript reviews. This study was supported by the US Geological Survey, Water Resources Discipline, National Research Program and by a US Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Competitive Grant (# 2001-35102-09870). The use of trade or product names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD DEC PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s10533-009-9358-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 500EG UT WOS:000270280500013 ER PT J AU Bailey, LL Reid, JA Forsman, ED Nichols, JD AF Bailey, Larissa L. Reid, Janice A. Forsman, Eric D. Nichols, James D. TI Modeling co-occurrence of northern spotted and barred owls: Accounting for detection probability differences SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Competitive exclusion; Endangered species; Occupancy modeling; Interaction; Strix occidentalis caurina; Strix varia ID STRIX-VARIA; HABITAT; OCCIDENTALIS; WASHINGTON; OCCUPANCY; INVASION; DYNAMICS AB Barred owls (Strix varia) have recently expanded their range and now encompass the entire range of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). This expansion has led to two important issues of concern for management of northern spotted owls: (1) possible competitive interactions between the two species that could contribute to population declines of northern spotted owls, and (2) possible changes in vocalization behavior and detection probabilities of northern spotted owls induced by presence of barred owls. We used a two-species occupancy model to investigate whether there was evidence of competitive exclusion between the two species at study locations in Oregon, USA. We simultaneously estimated detection probabilities for both species and determined if the presence of one species influenced the detection of the other species. Model selection results and associated parameter estimates provided no evidence that barred owls excluded spotted owls from territories. We found strong evidence that detection probabilities differed for the two species, with higher probabilities for northern spotted owls that are the object of current surveys. Non-detection of barred owls is very common in surveys for northern spotted owls, and detection of both owl species was negatively influenced by the presence of the congeneric species. Our results suggest that analyses directed at hypotheses of barred owl effects on demographic or occupancy vital rates of northern spotted owls need to deal adequately with imperfect and variable detection probabilities for both species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Bailey, Larissa L.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Reid, Janice A.; Forsman, Eric D.] Natl Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bailey, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Larissa.Bailey@colostate.edu; janice_reid@or.blm.gov; eforsman@fs.fed.us; jnichols@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring FX We wish to thank Robert Anthony for constructive comments and insights and Jim Hines for implementing models in Program PRESENCE. We thank field crew members Jason Mowdy, Amy Price and Scott Graham whose diligence and attention to detail are commendable. Research funding for LLB was provided by the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Program. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 142 IS 12 BP 2983 EP 2989 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.028 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 523UM UT WOS:000272100100020 ER PT J AU Schilling, EG Loftin, CS Huryn, AD AF Schilling, Emily Gaenzle Loftin, Cynthia S. Huryn, Alexander D. TI Effects of introduced fish on macroinvertebrate communities in historically fishless headwater and kettle lakes SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Predation; Stocking; Non-native species; Freshwater; Fisheries management; Biogeography ID WATER HABITAT GRADIENT; MOUNTAIN LAKES; NONNATIVE FISH; UNITED-STATES; RANA-MUSCOSA; ALPINE LAKES; TROUT; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA AB Widespread fish introductions have led to a worldwide decline in the number of fishless lakes and their associated communities. Studies assessing effects of fish stocking on native communities in historically fishless lakes have been limited to high-elevation headwater lakes stocked with non-native trout. Little is known about the effect of fish stocking in historically fishless and hydrologically isolated lowland kettle lakes. We compared the effects of introduced fish on macroinvertebrate communities in kettle lakes stocked with centrarchids, salmonids, and cyprinids, and headwater lakes stocked with brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Maine, USA. Fish had significant effects on macroinvertebrate community structure in both lake types, with reduced species richness and abundances of taxa characteristic of fishless lakes. The effects of introduced fish were more pronounced in headwater lakes despite a less diverse fish assemblage than in kettle lakes. We attribute this to abundant submerged vegetation providing refuge from fish predation and reduced stocking frequency in kettle lakes. We assessed effects of stocking duration on macroinvertebrates in a subset of headwater lakes with known dates of trout introduction. Species richness and abundance of most taxa declined within 3 years following trout introduction; however, richness and abundance were least in lakes with long stocking histories (>= 40 years). Macroinvertebrates previously identified as fishless bioindicators were absent from all stocked lakes, indicating that trout rapidly eliminate these sensitive taxa. Conservation of this historically undervalued ecosystem requires protecting remaining fishless lakes and recovering those that have been stocked. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schilling, Emily Gaenzle] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Huryn, Alexander D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Schilling, EG (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM emily.schilling@umit.maine.edu; Cyndy.Loftin@maine.edu; huryn@bama.ua.edu FU Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; National Science Foundation; USGS-Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine FX Funding for this research was provided by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, the National Science Foundation, the USGS-Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and University of Maine. We would like to thank the Penobscot Indian Nation, the Passamaquoddy Tribe and other private landowners for allowing us access to lakes on their land. Additionally, we are grateful to the following people for their assistance in field and lab work: D. Anderson, K. DeGoosh, S. Bosley, E. Brejwo, D. Ely, J. Everett, J. Houle, K. Gibbs, C. Guerrette, B. Halgren, P. Kusnierz, K. McCullough, E. Naples, D. Noble, A. Rau, L. Rogan, B. Royce, S. Spencer, D. Strout, J. Thompson, J. Wilcox, E. Wilkinson. Mention of trade marks or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. We appreciate the edits and suggestions provided by Dr. P. deMaynadier, Dr. J. Trial, and Dr. K. Zimmer, which improved the manuscript. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 142 IS 12 BP 3030 EP 3038 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.003 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 523UM UT WOS:000272100100026 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Ryan, MR AF McGowan, Conor P. Ryan, Mark R. TI A quantitative framework to evaluate incidental take and endangered species population viability SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Charadrius melodus; Elasticity; Jeopardy; Piping plovers; Sampling variance; Section 7 consultation ID PIPING PLOVERS; GREAT-PLAINS; CATCH-CURVE; SIMULATION; SURVIVAL; EXTINCTION; MANAGEMENT; CENSUS AB Incidental take is the permitted unintended or collateral killing, harassment, or habitat destruction of a protected species under endangered species law and is permissible as long as the take does not jeopardize the species' persistence in the wild. However, take is seldom addressed in a quantitative or population modeling context and the criterion of "jeopardy" has no universal, quantitative definition. To model the effect of incidental take on population viability, we modified an existing population model and simulated abundance, population growth, and quasi-extinction probability (the probability of failing below a predetermined abundance threshold) for Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) in the Great Plains, USA. The model incorporated environmental stochasticity and variation due to sampling variance. Eggs and chicks were taken out of the population as a "harvest" to simulate incidental take that currently occurs in the Missouri River system. We used least-squares regression and an AIC model selection approach to evaluate the population's elasticity to incidental take covariates. Even in the absence of take the population declined by 7.5% annually. Population growth and final abundance were reduced and the probability of quasi-extinction was increased in simulations where egg take and chick take were applied. The model selection analysis indicated that incidental take of eggs and chicks depresses population viability and the probability of recovery of Piping Plovers in the Great Plains. Though the model was useful in putting take and jeopardy in a quantitative setting, the question remains as to whether permitted levels of take causes jeopardy for Piping Plovers since there are no decision standards defined by the USFWS. However, evaluating take in a quantitative framework, as we have, will make jeopardy decisions more explicit in terms of viability and recovery metrics. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.; Ryan, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov FU Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX We thank the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the US Geological Survey for their financial and logistical support of this research. We are grateful to C. Kruse and G. Pavelka with the US Army Corps of Engineers for contributing data that vastly improved our model. We also thank A. Ryba, C. Gratto-Trevor, and C. White for proving data on Piping Plover reproductive success at alkali wetlands. We thank A.B. Gill, J.D. Nichols, J. Martin, M.A. Larson, J. J. Millspaugh, F.R. Thompson III, J.E. Lyons, E.H. Griffith, E. Zipkin and two anonymous reviews for reviewing and helping us to improve this manuscript. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 142 IS 12 BP 3128 EP 3136 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.012 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 523UM UT WOS:000272100100036 ER PT J AU Allen, JA Brown, CS Stohlgren, TJ AF Allen, Julia A. Brown, Cynthia S. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Non-native plant invasions of United States National Parks SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Non-native plant species; United States National Park Service; Invasion; Invasive species; Exotic plant species management ID TEMPERATE NATURE-RESERVES; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPECIES INVASIONS; COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; ECONOMIC COSTS; NORTH-AMERICA; ALIEN FLORA; HOT-SPOTS; DIVERSITY AB The United States National Park Service was created to protect and make accessible to the public the nation's most precious natural resources and cultural features for present and future generations. However, this heritage is threatened by the invasion of non-native plants, animals, and pathogens. To evaluate the scope of invasions, the USNPS has inventoried non-native plant species in the 216 parks that have significant natural resources, documenting the identity of non-native species. We investigated relationships among non-native plant species richness, the number of threatened and endangered plant species, native species richness, latitude, elevation, park area and park corridors and vectors. Parks with many threatened and endangered plants and high native plant species richness also had high non-native plant species richness. Non-native plant species richness was correlated with number of visitors and kilometers of backcountry trails and rivers. In addition, this work reveals patterns that can be further explored empirically to understand the underlying mechanisms. C1 [Allen, Julia A.] Carbon Cty Weed & Pest, Elk Mt, WY 82324 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Allen, JA (reprint author), Carbon Cty Weed & Pest, Box 179, Elk Mt, WY 82324 USA. EM jewelyjoe@hotmail.com RI Brown, Cynthia/K-5814-2012 FU US National Park Service FX This study was initiated and funded by the US National Park Service. Thanks to Linda Drees, Tim Goddard, Judy Daniels and Danelle Malget for their contributions to the project. A special thanks to Greg Newman and Dave Barnett for their help acquiring and processing these data. Two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 75 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2009 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2195 EP 2207 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9376-1 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512PH UT WOS:000271261700002 ER PT J AU Camp, RJ Pratt, TK Marshall, AP Amidon, F Williams, LL AF Camp, Richard J. Pratt, Thane K. Marshall, Ann P. Amidon, Fred Williams, Laura L. TI Recent status and trends of the land bird avifauna on Saipan, Mariana Islands, with emphasis on the endangered Nightingale Reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinia SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BROWN TREE SNAKE; DETECTING TRENDS; POWER; EXTINCTIONS; IMPACTS; HAWAII AB The avifauna of the Mariana Islands, an archipelago in the western Pacific, faces the threats of rapid economic development and the spread of non-native species, particularly a devastating predator, Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis. In this paper, we examine the Status and trends of the land bird fauna of Saipan Island based oil three island-wide surveys conducted in 1982, 1997, and 2007. During this period, the human population oil Saipan increased more than four-fold and much of the island has been developed. The surveys employed standard point-tran sect methods based oil Distance Sampling. Remarkably, we found nearly all species of land birds - 11 native species and three introduced species - to be common or abundant. The exception was the Micronesian Megapode Megapodius laperouse, a historically rare species that was not observed on the 2007 Survey, although it does persist on Saipan and other Mariana islands. A comparison of species densities among the three surveys showed that seven species, Mainly fruit and seed-eaters, had increased and three species of insectivorous birds had decreased - Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons, Nightingale Reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinia, and Golden White-eye Cleptornis marchei. Of these three, Nightingale Reed-warbler is listed as 'Endangered' oil the IUCN Red List and as an Endangered Species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reed-warbler densities on Saipan decreased by more than half between 1982 and 2007. Although point transect sampling worked well for this species, density estimates and trends assessment could be improved by reallocating sampling stations among habitats and by more frequent sampling. C1 [Marshall, Ann P.; Amidon, Fred] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Williams, Laura L.] Dept Lands & Nat Resources, Commonwealth No Mariana Isl Div Fish & Wildlife, Saipan, HI 96950 USA. EM rick_camp@usgs.gov OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X FU Hawaii Forest Bird Interagency Database Project of the Pacific island Ecosystems Research Center (PIERC), U.S. Geological Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was produced by the Hawaii Forest Bird Interagency Database Project of the Pacific island Ecosystems Research Center (PIERC), U.S. Geological Service. The CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and PIERC funded this study. We thank the field biologists who organised and collected the data: C. Aguon, F. Amidon, P. Ashman, J. Engbring, J. Lepson, A. Marshall, G. Martin, P. Pyle, N. Shema, P. Radley, M. Reynolds, and L. Williams. Also, we thank those who cut transects, especially R. Sikkel. The following reviewers helped improve the manuscript: T. Diamond, G. Dutson, P. M. Gorresen, J. Hatfield, R. Holden, F. Huettmann, S. Kremer, S. Marsden, and L. Mehrhoff. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 323 EP 337 DI 10.1017/S0959270909008417 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 535EC UT WOS:000272948600002 ER PT J AU Atkinson, GM Assatourians, K Boore, DM Campbell, K Motazedian, D AF Atkinson, Gail M. Assatourians, Karen Boore, David M. Campbell, Ken Motazedian, Dariush TI A Guide to Differences between Stochastic Point-Source and Stochastic Finite-Fault Simulations SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GROUND-MOTION; ROCK SITES; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; FREQUENCY; SPECTRUM; ATTENUATION; PREDICTION AB Why do stochastic point-source and finite-fault simulation models not agree on the predicted ground motions for moderate earthquakes at large distances? This question was posed by Ken Campbell, who attempted to reproduce the Atkinson and Boore (2006) ground-motion prediction equations for eastern North America using the stochastic point-source program SMSIM (Boore, 2005) in place of the finite-source stochastic program EXSIM (Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005) that was used by Atkinson and Boore (2006) in their model. His comparisons suggested that a higher stress drop is needed in the context of SMSIM to produce an average match, at larger distances, with the model predictions of Atkinson and Boore (2006) based on EXSIM; this is so even for moderate magnitudes, which should be well-represented by a point-source model. Why? The answer to this question is rooted in significant differences between point-source and finite-source stochastic simulation methodologies, specifically as implemented in SMSIM (Boore, 2005) and EXSIM (Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005) to date. Point-source and finite-fault methodologies differ in general in several important ways: (1) the geometry of the source; (2) the definition and application of duration; and (3) the normalization of finite-source subsource summations. Furthermore, the specific implementation of the methods may differ in their details. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of these differences, their origins, and implications. This sets the stage for a more detailed companion article, "Comparing Stochastic Point-Source and Finite-Source Ground-Motion Simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM," in which Boore (2009) provides modifications and improvements in the implementations of both programs that narrow the gap and result in closer agreement. These issues are important because both SMSIM and EXSIM have been widely used in the development of ground-motion prediction equations and in modeling the parameters that control observed ground motions. C1 [Atkinson, Gail M.; Assatourians, Karen] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campbell, Ken] EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Motazedian, Dariush] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Atkinson, GM (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM gmatkinson@aol.com; kassastou@uwo.ca; boore@usgs.gov; KCampbell@eqecat.com; dariush_motazedian@carleton.ca NR 31 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 6 BP 3192 EP 3201 DI 10.1785/0120090058 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 523MA UT WOS:000272076500007 ER PT J AU Boore, DM AF Boore, David M. TI Comparing Stochastic Point-Source and Finite-Source Ground-Motion Simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAMS; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; TIME HISTORIES; EARTHQUAKE; ATTENUATION; MODELS; RECORDINGS; FREQUENCY; SPECTRA; IRAN AB Comparisons of ground motions from two widely used point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulation programs (SMSIM and EXSIM) show that the following simple modifications in EXSIM will produce agreement in the motions from a small earthquake at a large distance for the two programs: (1) base the scaling of high frequencies on the integral of the squared Fourier acceleration spectrum; (2) do not truncate the time series from each subfault; (3) use the inverse of the subfault corner frequency for the duration of motions from each subfault; and (4) use a filter function to boost spectral amplitudes at frequencies near and less than the subfault corner frequencies. In addition, for SMSIM an effective distance is defined that accounts for geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation from various parts of a finite fault. With these modifications, the Fourier and response spectra from SMSIM and EXSIM are similar to one another, even close to a large earthquake (M 7), when the motions are averaged over a random distribution of hypocenters. The modifications to EXSIM remove most of the differences in the Fourier spectra from simulations using pulsing and static subfaults; they also essentially eliminate any dependence of the EXSIM simulations on the number of subfaults. Simulations with the revised programs suggest that the results of Atkinson and Boore (2006), computed using an average stress parameter of 140 bars and the original version of EXSIM, are consistent with the revised EXSIM with a stress parameter near 250 bars. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 6 BP 3202 EP 3216 DI 10.1785/0120090056 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 523MA UT WOS:000272076500008 ER PT J AU Dzurisin, D Lisowski, M Wicks, CW AF Dzurisin, Daniel Lisowski, Michael Wicks, Charles W. TI Continuing inflation at Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR observations SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Three Sisters; South Sister; Cascade Range; Volcanology; Geodesy; Radar interferometry; InSAR; GPS; Leveling; Deformation; Uplift ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; 1996 EARTHQUAKE SWARM; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; 7.1 HECTOR MINE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; MAGMATIC INTRUSION AB Uplift of a broad area centered similar to 6 km west of the summit of South Sister volcano started in September 1997 (onset estimated from model discussed in this paper) and was continuing when surveyed in August 2006. Surface displacements were measured whenever possible since August 1992 with satellite radar interferometry (InSAR), annually since August 2001 with GPS and leveling surveys, and with continuous GPS since May 2001. The average maximum displacement rate from InSAR decreased from 3-5 cm/yr during 1998-2001 to similar to 1.4 cm/yr during 2004-2006. The other datasets show a similar pattern, i.e., surface uplift and extension rates decreased over time but deformation continued through August 2006. Our best-fit model to the deformation data is a vertical, prolate, spheroidal point-pressure source located 4.9-5.4 km below the surface. The source inflation rate decreased exponentially during 2001-2006 with a 1/e decay time of 5.3 +/- 1.1 years. The net increase in source volume from September 1997 to August 2006 was 36.5-41.9 x 10(6) m(3). A swarm of similar to 300 small (M (max) = 1.9) earthquakes occurred beneath the deforming area in March 2004; no other unusual seismicity has been noted. Similar deformation episodes in the past probably would have gone unnoticed if, as we suspect, most are small intrusions that do not culminate in eruptions. C1 [Dzurisin, Daniel; Lisowski, Michael] US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Wicks, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dzurisin@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1091 EP 1110 DI 10.1007/s00445-009-0296-4 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 519ET UT WOS:000271748500001 ER PT J AU Saiki, MK Mejia, FH AF Saiki, Michael K. Mejia, Francine H. TI UTILIZATION BY FISHES OF THE ALVISO ISLAND PONDS AND ADJACENT WATERS IN SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO BAY FOLLOWING RESTORATION TO TIDAL INFLUENCE SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; ESTUARY; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; SALINITY AB Earthen levees of three isolated salt ponds known locally as the Alviso Island Ponds were intentionally breached in March 2006 to allow tidal exchange of the ponds with water from Coyote Creek. The water exchange transformed the previously fishless hypersaline ponds into lower salinity habitats suitable for fish life. This study documented fish utilization of the ponds, adjacent reaches of Coyote Creek, and an upstream reach in nearby Artesian Slough during May-July 2006. By the time the study was initiated, water quality conditions in the ponds were similar to conditions in adjacent reaches of Coyote Creek. The only variable exhibiting a strong gradient within the study area was salinity, which increased progressively from upstream to downstream in Coyote Creek. A total of 4,034 fish represented by 18 species from 14 families was caught during the study. Judging from cluster analysis of presence-absence data that excluded rare fish species, the 10 sampling units (3 ponds, 6 reaches in Coyote Creek, and I reach in Artesian Slough) formed two clusters or groups, suggesting two species assemblages. The existence of two groups was also suggested by ordination with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS). One group, which was composed of the three ponds and four of the lowermost reaches of Coyote Creek, was characterized by mostly estuarine or marine species (e.g., topsmelt, Atherinops affinis; northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax; and longjaw mudsucker, Gillichthys mirabilis). The second group, which was composed of the two uppermost reaches of Coyote Creek and the one reach of Artesian Slough, was characterized by freshwater species (e.g., Sacramento sucker, Catostomus occidentalis) and by an absence of the estuarine/marine species noted in the first assemblage. Judging from a joint plot of selected water quality variables overlaying the ordination results, salinity was the only important variable associated with spatial distribution of fish species. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH had little influence on fish distribution during this study. C1 [Saiki, Michael K.; Mejia, Francine H.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_saiki@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Coastal Program at San Francisco Bay [81420-6-H 132] FX We thank T.M. Russell for assistance in the field and laboratory, and N.D. Atheam, C. Morris, and E. Mruz for logistical support. We also thank J. Cushing, B.A. Martin, C. Mesick, E. Mruz, and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. This study was funded primarily by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Coastal Program at San Francisco Bay through Agreement No. 81420-6-H 132. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 38 EP 52 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 448WE UT WOS:000266291900002 ER PT J AU Gauthier-Ouellet, M Dionne, M Caron, F King, TL Bernatchez, L AF Gauthier-Ouellet, Marika Dionne, Melanie Caron, Francois King, Tim L. Bernatchez, Louis TI Spatiotemporal dynamics of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Greenland fishery inferred from mixed-stock analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-VARIATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; L.; MICROSATELLITE AB Mixed-stock fisheries refer to the exploitation of admixed fish stocks coming from different origins. We identified the North American origin of 2835 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Greenland mixed-stock fishery during I I years (1995-2006) at three localities using 13 microsatellites. The study included 52 baseline populations representing nine genetically distinct regional groups. The contribution of each group ranged from <1% (Maine) to 40% (Southern Quebec). Decreasing temporal contributions were observed for Southern Quebec (-22.0%) and New Brunswick (-17.4%), whereas an increasing contribution for Labrador (+14.9%) was observed during the time course of the study. The estimated regional contribution to the Greenland fishery was significantly correlated to the number of multi-sea-winter salmon regionally produced in 2002 (r = 0.79) and 2004 (r = 0.92). No difference in contribution was found between the three Greenland sampling localities. Ungava and Southern Quebec regions showed the highest-mortality estimates caused by the fishery, ranging from 12.10% to 18.08%, for both years tested. No regional group was overrepresented in landings compared with their respective productivity. Yet, management precautions should still be taken as the fishery strongly selects large females, which could have evolutionary impacts on populations over the long term. C1 [Gauthier-Ouellet, Marika; Bernatchez, Louis] Univ Laval, IBIS, Laval, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Caron, Francois] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Direct Amenagement Faune Saguenay Lac St Jean, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4X4, Canada. [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Gauthier-Ouellet, M (reprint author), Univ Laval, IBIS, Laval, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. EM marika.gauthier-ouellet.l@ulaval.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Alcan, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); US Department of Commerce; US Department of the Interior; Quebec-Ocean; "Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur le Saumon Atlantique" (CIRSA) FX The authors are grateful to T. Sheehan, S. Ruth, and fishermen in Greenland for their assistance in the field. We also thank R. Johnson, C. Young, C. Morrison, J. Switzer, M. Eackles, and B. Lubinski for their help in the laboratory, as well as H. Crepeau, E. Milot, S. Hamel, and J. Candy for statistical assistance. We also thank Michael Hansen and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was financially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Alcan, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries from the US Department of Commerce, and the US Geological Survey from the US Department of the Interior. M.G.O. was financially supported by NSERC. This work is a contribution to the research programs of Quebec-Ocean and "Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur le Saumon Atlantique" (CIRSA). NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2040 EP 2051 DI 10.1139/F09-147 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 541MG UT WOS:000273419200002 ER PT J AU Udevitz, MS Jay, CV Fischbach, AS Garlich-Miller, JL AF Udevitz, Mark S. Jay, Chadwick V. Fischbach, Anthony S. Garlich-Miller, Joel L. TI Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-ROSMARUS; ALASKAN BEAUFORT SEA; PACIFIC WALRUS; HARBOR SEALS; RINGED SEALS; VARIABLE SELECTION; ATLANTIC WALRUSES; PHOCA-HISPIDA; ABUNDANCE; SVALBARD AB Understanding haul-out behavior of ice-associated pinnipeds is essential for designing and interpreting population surveys and for assessing effects of potential changes in their ice environments. We used satellite-linked transmitters to obtain sequential information about location and haul-out state for Pacific walruses, Odobenus rosmarus divergens (II-liger, 1815), in the Bering Sea during April of 2004, 2005, and 2006. We used these data in a generalized mixed model of haul-out bout durations and a hierarchical Bayesian model of haul-out probabilities to assess factors related to walrus haul-out behavior, and provide the first predictive model of walrus haul-out behavior in sea ice habitat. Average haul-out bout duration was 9 h, but durations of haul-out bouts tended to increase with durations of preceding in-water bouts. On average, tagged walruses spent only about 17% of their time hauled out on sea ice. Probability of being hauled out decreased with wind speed, increased with temperature, and followed a diurnal cycle with the highest values in the evening. Our haul-out probability model can be used to estimate the proportion of the population that is unavailable for detection in spring surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice. C1 [Udevitz, Mark S.; Jay, Chadwick V.; Fischbach, Anthony S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Garlich-Miller, Joel L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Udevitz, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mudevitz@usgs.gov OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Marine Mammals Management Office; Anchorage; US Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center; North Pacific Research Board FX We appreciate the work of M. Webber, S. Speckman, and L. Quakenbush, who were instrumental in procuring ship and aerial reconnaissance contracts for our three years of field work. M. Apatiki, Y. Bukhtiyarov, M. Cody, A. Grachev, E. Gurarie, C. Hamilton, A. Jensen, M. Jensen, S. Kazlowski, A. Kochnev, N. Kutrukhin, L. Quakenbush, E. Rypkhirgin, J. Snyder, and G. Sheffield ably assisted with walrus tagging. Aerial reconnaissance was provided by S. Speckman, M. Webber, J. Trent, and pilots with Commander Northwest. Crews of the P/V Stimson and R/V Magadan provided safe and professional working environments and enthusiastic support. The Eskimo Walrus Commission facilitated communication with Alaska Native communities and helped obtain field assistance. K. Oakley, T. McDonald, M. Simpkins, B. Raymond, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding and administrative support was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management Office, Anchorage, and the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Additional funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board to complete analyses. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1111 EP 1128 DI 10.1139/Z09-098 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 541MF UT WOS:000273419100002 ER PT J AU Steele, AN Simovich, MA Pepino, D Schroeder, KM Vandergast, AG Bohonak, AJ AF Steele, Allison N. Simovich, Marie A. Pepino, Domenica Schroeder, Kathleen McNamara Vandergast, Amy G. Bohonak, Andrew J. TI Optimized DNA extraction methods for encysted embryos of the endangered fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Fairy shrimp; Diapausing cysts; DNA extraction; Endangered species ID ANOSTRACAN CRUSTACEA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; BRANCHIOPODA; CALIFORNIA; CYSTS; IDENTIFICATION AB The San Diego fairy shrimp Branchinecta sandiegonensis is a federally endangered species endemic to vernal pools in southern California, USA. Filling events in these habitats are highly variable, with some pools failing to hold water long enough for reproduction over many successive years. Studies of this species are thus hindered by the relatively rare appearance of aquatically active life history phases. Because diapausing cysts are abundant and present at all times, they provide an underutilized opportunity for both species identification and genetic studies. However, methods for extracting DNA from cysts are technically challenging because of their structure and size. Here we present a protocol for extracting DNA from B. sandiegonensis cysts in sufficient quantities for "DNA Barcoding", microsatellite analysis and other genotyping and sequencing applications. The technique will aid in population genetic studies and species identification (since taxonomic keys only distinguish among adults), and will be applicable to other crustaceans with similar diapausing cysts. C1 [Steele, Allison N.; Bohonak, Andrew J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Simovich, Marie A.; Pepino, Domenica] Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Schroeder, Kathleen McNamara] San Diego State Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Vandergast, Amy G.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Steele, AN (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM Asteele.lemmon@gmail.com; simo@sandiego.edu; kmcnamara@sciences.sdsu.edu; avandergast@usgs.gov; bohonak@sciences.sdsu.edu OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1777 EP 1781 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9733-8 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 527NP UT WOS:000272374100013 ER PT J AU Munguia-Vega, A Rheude, M Culver, M AF Munguia-Vega, A. Rheude, M. Culver, M. TI Ten new microsatellite loci for the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Striped skunk; Hooded skunk; Hog-nosed skunk; Spotted skunk; Rabies AB Ten novel microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library from the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) to aid in landscape genetics studies and rabies virus control planning. Average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.653 and 0.744, respectively. Mean number of alleles was 7.8 (ranging from 2 to 11). Two loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, likely due to the presence of null alleles. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found between the loci. Cross-species amplification tests indicated all markers successfully amplified and were polymorphic in the closely related hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), while its applicability to other mephitids varied. C1 [Munguia-Vega, A.; Rheude, M.; Culver, M.] Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Munguia-Vega, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM airdrian@email.arizona.edu FU National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO (USDA, Wildlife Services); CONACYT [158622] FX National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO (USDA, Wildlife Services), provided funding for this project. We thank Taylor Edwards for help with the DNA extractions. AMV received a CONACYT graduate scholarship (158622). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 437 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s12686-009-9101-0 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA V17FF UT WOS:000207922400099 ER PT J AU Grimes, CB John, BE Cheadle, MJ Mazdab, FK Wooden, JL Swapp, S Schwartz, JJ AF Grimes, Craig B. John, Barbara E. Cheadle, Michael J. Mazdab, Frank K. Wooden, Joseph L. Swapp, Susan Schwartz, Joshua J. TI On the occurrence, trace element geochemistry, and crystallization history of zircon from in situ ocean lithosphere SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; LEAD ISOTOPIC AGES; ION MICROPROBE; ABYSSAL PERIDOTITES; HYDROTHERMAL ZIRCON; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; IGNEOUS ZIRCON; INDIAN RIDGE; CHEMISTRY AB We characterize the textural and geochemical features of ocean crustal zircon recovered from plagiogranite, evolved gabbro, and metamorphosed ultramafic host-rocks collected along present-day slow and ultraslow spreading mid-ocean ridges (MORs). The geochemistry of 267 zircon grains was measured by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry at the USGS-Stanford Ion Microprobe facility. Three types of zircon are recognized based on texture and geochemistry. Most ocean crustal zircons resemble young magmatic zircon from other crustal settings, occurring as pristine, colorless euhedral (Type 1) or subhedral to anhedral (Type 2) grains. In these grains, Hf and most trace elements vary systematically with Ti, typically becoming enriched with falling Ti-in-zircon temperature. Ti-in-zircon temperatures range from 1,040 to 660A degrees C (corrected for a (TiO2) a parts per thousand 0.7, a (SiO2) a parts per thousand 1.0, pressure a parts per thousand 2 kbar); intra-sample variation is typically similar to 60-150A degrees C. Decreasing Ti correlates with enrichment in Hf to similar to 2 wt%, while additional Hf-enrichment occurs at relatively constant temperature. Trends between Ti and U, Y, REE, and Eu/Eu* exhibit a similar inflection, which may denote the onset of eutectic crystallization; the inflection is well-defined by zircons from plagiogranite and implies solidus temperatures of similar to 680-740A degrees C. A third type of zircon is defined as being porous and colored with chaotic CL zoning, and occurs in similar to 25% of rock samples studied. These features, along with high measured La, Cl, S, Ca, and Fe, and low (Sm/La)(N) ratios are suggestive of interaction with aqueous fluids. Non-porous, luminescent CL overgrowth rims on porous grains record uniform temperatures averaging 615 +/- A 26A degrees C (2SD, n = 7), implying zircon formation below the wet-granite solidus and under water-saturated conditions. Zircon geochemistry reflects, in part, source region; elevated HREE coupled with low U concentrations allow effective discrimination of similar to 80% of zircon formed at modern MORs from zircon in continental crust. The geochemistry and textural observations reported here serve as an important database for comparison with detrital, xenocrystic, and metamorphosed mafic rock-hosted zircon populations to evaluate provenance. C1 [Grimes, Craig B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Grimes, Craig B.; John, Barbara E.; Cheadle, Michael J.; Swapp, Susan] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Mazdab, Frank K.; Wooden, Joseph L.] USGS Stanford Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schwartz, Joshua J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Grimes, CB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cgrimes@geology.wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0352054, OCE-0752558, OCE-0550456]; Joint Oceanographic Institutions grants; NASA space FX We wish to thank the captains and crews the R/V Atlantis, and DSRV Alvin and Jason on the MARVEL2000 cruise, the Knorr Cruise 180-2, and the JOIDES Resolution along with shipboard parties on ODP Legs 176, 209, IODP Exp. 304/305. The authors acknowledge Henry Dick for access to samples from the SW Indian Ridge. This research used samples and data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). Technical assistance from Brad Ito during our sessions on the SHRIMP is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0352054 and OCE-0752558 to Cheadle and John, and OCE-0550456 to John), Joint Oceanographic Institutions grants to Grimes and John, and a NASA space grant to Schwartz. We thank Peter Kelemen for early discussions of ocean zircon chemistry, and Ralf Halama and two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions helpful in improving this manuscript. NR 100 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 158 IS 6 BP 757 EP 783 DI 10.1007/s00410-009-0409-2 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 509NW UT WOS:000271025700004 ER PT J AU Sisson, TW Kimura, JI Coombs, ML AF Sisson, T. W. Kimura, J. -I. Coombs, M. L. TI Basanite-nephelinite suite from early Kilauea: carbonated melts of phlogopite-garnet peridotite at Hawaii's leading magmatic edge SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kilauea; Basanite; Nephelinite; Garnet-peridotite; Carbonate; Phlogopite ID CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; SALT-LAKE CRATER; TRACE-ELEMENT; HONOLULU-VOLCANICS; SILICATE LIQUIDS; KOOLAU SHIELD; REDOX STATES; NORTH ARCH; MAUNA-LOA; 3 GPA AB A basanite-nephelinite glass suite from early submarine Kilauea defines a continuous compositional array marked by increasing concentrations of incompatible components with decreasing SiO2, MgO, and Al2O3. Like peripheral and post-shield strongly alkalic Hawaiian localities (Clague et al. in J Volcanol Geotherm Res 151:279-307, 2006; Dixon et al. in J Pet 38:911-939, 1997), the early Kilauea basanite-nephelinite glasses are interpreted as olivine fractionation products from primary magnesian alkalic liquids. For early Kilauea, these were saturated with a garnet-phlogopite-sulfide peridotite assemblage, with elevated dissolved CO2 contents responsible for the liquids' distinctly low-SiO2 concentrations. Reconstructed primitive liquids for early Kilauea and other Hawaiian strongly alkalic localities are similar to experimental 3 GPa low-degree melts of moderately carbonated garnet lherzolite, and estimated parent magma temperatures of 1,350-1,400A degrees C (olivine-liquid geothermometry) match the ambient upper mantle geotherm shortly beneath the base of the lithosphere. The similar to 3 GPa source regions were too hot for stable crystalline carbonate and may have consisted of ambient upper mantle peridotite containing interstitial carbonate-silicate or carbonatitic liquid, possibly (Dixon et al. in Geochem Geophys Geosyst 9(9):Q09005, 2008), although not necessarily, from the Hawaiian mantle plume. Carbonate-enriched domains were particularly susceptible to further melting upon modest decompression during upward lithospheric flexure beneath the advancing Hawaiian Arch, or by conductive heating or upward drag by the Hawaiian mantle plume. The early Kilauea basanite-nephelinite suite has a HIMU-influenced isotopic character unlike other Hawaiian magmas (Shimizu et al. in EOS Tran Amer Geophys Union 82(47): abstr V12B-0962, 2001; Shimizu et al. in Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66(15A):710, 2002) but consistent with oceanic carbonatite involvement (Hoernle et al. in Contrib Mineral Petrol 142:520-542, 2002). It may represent the melting products of a fertile domain in the ambient upper mantle impinged upon and perturbed by the sustained plume source that feeds later shield-stage magmatism. C1 [Sisson, T. W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kimura, J. -I.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Res Earth Evolut IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Coombs, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sisson, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tsisson@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 158 IS 6 BP 803 EP 829 DI 10.1007/s00410-009-0411-8 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 509NW UT WOS:000271025700006 ER PT J AU Rogers, CS AF Rogers, C. S. TI High diversity and abundance of scleractinian corals growing on and near mangrove prop roots, St. John, US Virgin Islands SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Rogers, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Caribbean Field Stn, 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St John, VI 00830 USA. EM caroline_rogers@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 909 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s00338-009-0526-4 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 510ED UT WOS:000271069900014 ER PT J AU Miller, J Muller, E Rogers, C Waara, R Atkinson, A Whelan, KRT Patterson, M Witcher, B AF Miller, J. Muller, E. Rogers, C. Waara, R. Atkinson, A. Whelan, K. R. T. Patterson, M. Witcher, B. TI Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Coral bleaching; Coral disease; Coral monitoring; Caribbean reefs ID PLAGUE TYPE-II; ST-JOHN; ACROPORA-PALMATA; FLORIDA-KEYS; DYNAMICS; EVENT; MORTALITY; PATHOGEN; DAMAGE; OCEAN AB In the northeast Caribbean, doldrum-like conditions combined with elevated water temperatures in the summer/fall 2005 created the most severe coral bleaching event ever documented within this region. Video monitoring of 100 randomly chosen, permanent transects at five study sites in the US Virgin Islands revealed over 90% of the scleractinian coral cover showed signs of thermal stress by paling or becoming completely white. Lower water temperatures in October allowed some re-coloring of corals; however, a subsequent unprecedented regional outbreak of coral disease affected all sites. Five known diseases or syndromes were recorded; however, most lesions showed signs similar to white plague. Nineteen scleractinian species were affected by disease, with >90% of the disease-induced lesions occurring on the genus Montastraea. The disease outbreak peaked several months after the onset of bleaching at all sites but did not occur at the same time. The mean number of disease-induced lesions increased 51-fold and the mean area of disease-associated mortality increased 13-fold when compared with pre-bleaching disease levels. In the 12 months following the onset of bleaching, coral cover declined at all sites (average loss: 51.5%, range: 42.4-61.8%) reducing the five-site average from 21.4% before bleaching to 10.3% with most mortality caused by white plague disease, not bleaching. Continued losses through October 2007 reduced the average coral cover of the five sites to 8.3% (average 2-year loss: 61.1%, range: 53.0-79.3%). Mean cover by M. annularis (complex) decreased 51%, Colpophyllia natans 78% and Agaricia agaricites 87%. Isolated disease outbreaks have been documented before in the Virgin Islands, but never as widespread or devastating as the one that occurred after the 2005 Caribbean coral-bleaching event. This study provides insight into the effects of continued seawater warming and subsequent coral bleaching events in the Caribbean and highlights the need to understand links between coral bleaching and disease. C1 [Miller, J.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, St John, VI 00830 USA. [Muller, E.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Rogers, C.] US Geol Survey, St John, VI 00830 USA. [Waara, R.; Atkinson, A.; Whelan, K. R. T.; Patterson, M.; Witcher, B.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. RP Miller, J (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St John, VI 00830 USA. EM William_J_Miller@nps.gov FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey; NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies program FX The authors wish to thank the resource managers and superintendents at Virgin Islands National Park and Buck Island Reef National Monument, especially Rafe Boulon, and Zandy Hillis-Starr. Additional support was provided by Andy Davis, Andy Goldstein, Philip Gravinese, Ian Lundgren, Christy McManus, Judd Patterson, Dave Sapio, and Tony Spitzack. This work was funded by the National Park Service, US Geological Survey and the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies program. NR 48 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 925 EP 937 DI 10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 510ED UT WOS:000271069900016 ER PT J AU Lima, A De Vivo, B Spera, FJ Bodnar, RJ Milia, A Nunziata, C Belkin, HE Cannatelli, C AF Lima, Annamaria De Vivo, Benedetto Spera, Frank J. Bodnar, Robert J. Milia, Alfonsa Nunziata, Concettina Belkin, Harvey E. Cannatelli, Claudia TI Thermodynamic model for uplift and deflation episodes (bradyseism) associated with magmatic-hydrothermal activity at the Campi Flegrei (Italy) SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Bradyseism; Campi Flegrei; Ground deformation; Magmatic-hydrothermal activity; Thermodynamic modelling ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; PHLEGREAN FIELDS; GROUND DEFORMATION; FLUID INCLUSION; TRANSTENSIONAL TECTONICS; THERMOHALINE CONVECTION; SOLFATARA FUMAROLES; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CRUSTAL SUBSIDENCE; TYRRHENIAN SEA AB Campi Flegrei (CF) is a large volcanic complex located west of the city of Naples, Italy. Repeated episodes of bradyseism (slow vertical ground movement) near the town of Pozzuoli have been documented since Roman times. Bradyseismic events are interpreted as the consequence of aqueous fluid exsolution during magma solidification on a slow timescale (10(3)-10(4) yr) superimposed upon a shorter (1-10 yr) timescale for the episodic expulsion of fluid from a deep (similar to 3-5 km) lithostatically-pressured low-permeability reservoir to an overlying hydrostatic reservoir. Cycles of inflation and deflation occur during short duration transient events when connectivity is established between deep and shallow hydrothermal reservoirs. The total seismic energy released (4 x 10(13) J) during the 1983-1984 bradyseismic crisis is consistent with the observed volume change (uplift) and consistent with the notion that seismic failure occurs in response to the shear stress release induced by volume change. Fluid transport and concomitant propagation of hydrofractures as fluid expands from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure during decompression leads to ground surface displacement. Fluid decompression occurs along the fluid isenthalp (Joule-Thompson expansion) during transient periods of reservoir connectivity and leads to mineral precipitation. Each kilogram of fluid precipitates about 3 x 10(-3) kg of silica along a typical decompression path along the isenthalp. Mineral precipitation modifies the permeability and acts to reseal connection paths thereby isolating lithostatic and hydrostatic reservoirs ending one bradyseism phase and beginning another. Crystallization and exsolution of the magmatic fluid generates approximate to 7 x 10(15) J of mechanical (P Delta V) energy, and this is sufficient to accomplish the observed uplift at CF. Although magma emplacement is the ultimate origin of bradyseism, fresh recharge of magma is not a prerequisite. Instead, short to intermediate timescale phenomena associated with fluid decompression and expansion in the crust with large variations in permeability, including permeability anisotropy, are the key elements at CF. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lima, Annamaria; De Vivo, Benedetto; Nunziata, Concettina; Cannatelli, Claudia] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Spera, Frank J.; Cannatelli, Claudia] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bodnar, Robert J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Milia, Alfonsa] CNR, Ist Ambiente Marino Costiero, I-80133 Calata Porta Di Massa, Porto Di Napoli, Italy. [Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lima, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. EM anlima@unina.it; bdevivo@unina.it; spera@geol.ucsb.edu; rjb@vt.edu; alfonsa.milia@iamc.cnr.it; conunzia@unina.it; hbelkin@usgs.gov; claudiac@vt.edu RI Bodnar, Robert/A-1916-2009; Cannatelli, Claudia/H-7582-2016; OI Cannatelli, Claudia/0000-0003-0914-5460; MILIA, ALFONSA/0000-0002-7962-7281; Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 128 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.001 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 537VY UT WOS:000273143600002 ER PT J AU O'Farrell, CR Heimsath, AM Lawson, DE Jorgensen, LM Evenson, EB Larson, G Denner, J AF O'Farrell, Colin R. Heimsath, Arjun M. Lawson, Daniel E. Jorgensen, Laura M. Evenson, Edward B. Larson, Grahame Denner, Jon TI Quantifying periglacial erosion: insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE periglacial erosion; sediment yield; glaciation; (10)Be; cosmogenic nuclides ID SITU COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; FREEZE-ON MECHANISM; RICH BASAL ICE; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; SOUTHERN ALASKA; NEW-ZEALAND; RATES; HOLOCENE; CLIMATE; RETREAT AB Glacial erosion rates are estimated to be among the highest in the world. Few studies have attempted, however, to quantify the flux of sediment from the periglacial landscape to a glacier. Here, erosion rates from the nonglacial landscape above the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska are presented and compare with an 8-yr record of proglacial suspended sediment yield. Non-glacial lowering rates range from 1.8 +/- 0.5 mm yr(-1) to 8.5 +/- 3.4 mm yr(-1) from estimates of rock fall and debris-flow fan volumes. An average erosion rate of 0.08 +/- 0.04 mm yr(-1) from eight convex-up ridge crests was determined using in situ produced cosmogenic (10)Be. Extrapolating these rates, based on landscape morphometry, to the Matanuska basin (58% ice-cover), it was found that nonglacial processes account for an annual sediment flux of 2.3 +/- 1.0 x 10(6) t. Suspended sediment data for 8 years and an assumed bedload to estimate the annual sediment yield at the Matanuska terminus to be 2.9 +/- 1.0 x 10(6) t, corresponding to an erosion rate of 1.8 +/- 0.6 mm yr(-1): nonglacial Sources therefore account for 80 +/- 45% of the proglacial yield. A similar set of analyses were used for a small tributary sub-basin (32%) ice-cover) to determine an erosion rate of 12.1 +/- 6.9 mm yr(-1), based on proglacial sediment yield, with the nonglacial sediment flux equal to 10 +/- 7% of the proglacial yield. It is suggested that erosion rates by nonglacial processes are similar to inferred subglacial rates, Such that the ice-free regions of a glaciated landscape contribute significantly to the glacial sediment budget. The similar magnitude of nonglacial and glacial rates implies that partially glaciated landscapes will respond rapidly to changes in climate and base level through a rapid nonglacial response to glacially driven incision. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Heimsath, Arjun M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [O'Farrell, Colin R.] Pioneer Nat Resources, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Lawson, Daniel E.] CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Jorgensen, Laura M.] Shaw Grp, Denver, CO 80237 USA. [Evenson, Edward B.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Larson, Grahame] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Denner, Jon] USGS, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Heimsath, AM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Arjun.Heimsath@asu.edu FU NSF [NSF-EAR-9909335, EAR-0239655]; Geological Society of America; Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); Villhjalmur Stefensson Fellowship for Arctic Studies; Richter Memorial Trust; American Alpine Club FX We thank Bill and Kelly Stevenson for accommodation, bush plane flights, and help with general field logistics. Funding for this work was from NSF-EAR-9909335 and EAR-0239655 to AMH, Geological Society of America, the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), the Villhjalmur Stefensson Fellowship for Arctic Studies, the Richter Memorial Trust, and the American Alpine Club. Extensive reviews, including one from P Jansson on an earlier version, and editorial suggestions from S Lane have significantly helped this manuscript. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 15 BP 2008 EP 2022 DI 10.1002/esp.1885 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 535HM UT WOS:000272958000003 ER PT J AU Sawyer, H Kauffman, MJ Nielson, RM Horne, JS AF Sawyer, Hall Kauffman, Matthew J. Nielson, Ryan M. Horne, Jon S. TI Identifying and prioritizing ungulate migration routes for landscape-level conservation SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM); global positioning system (GPS); migration; movement corridors; mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus; natural gas development cf. migration routes; stopover site; utilization distribution (UD); Wyoming, USA ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; STATE-SPACE MODELS; HABITAT SELECTION; PREDATION RISK; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; ANIMAL MOVEMENTS; BIRD MIGRATION; MULE DEER; ELK; CARIBOU AB As habitat loss and fragmentation increase across ungulate ranges, identifying and prioritizing migration routes for conservation has taken on new urgency. Here we present a general framework using the Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM) that: (1) provides a probabilistic estimate of the migration routes of a sampled population, (2) distinguishes between route segments that function as stopover sites vs. those used primarily as movement corridors, and (3) prioritizes routes for conservation based upon the proportion of the sampled population that uses them. We applied this approach to a migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) population in a pristine area of southwest Wyoming, USA, where 2000 gas wells and 1609 km of pipelines and roads have been proposed for development. Our analysis clearly delineated where migration routes occurred relative to proposed development and provided guidance for on-the-ground conservation efforts. Mule deer migration routes were characterized by a series of stopover sites where deer spent most of their time, connected by movement corridors through which deer moved quickly. Our findings suggest management strategies that differentiate between stopover sites and movement corridors may be warranted. Because some migration routes were used by more mule deer than others, proportional level of use may provide a reasonable metric by which routes can be prioritized for conservation. The methods we outline should be applicable to a wide range of species that inhabit regions where migration routes are threatened or poorly understood. C1 [Sawyer, Hall; Nielson, Ryan M.] Western Ecosyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Horne, Jon S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Western Ecosyst Technol, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM hsawyer@west-inc.com FU Wildlife Heritage Foundation of Wyoming; Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative; Wyoming Wildlife and Natural Resource Trust; Anadarko Petroleum Company, Warren Resources; Bureau of Land Management FX We thank F. Blomquist, B. Rudd, T. Woolley, J. Rector, and D. Applegate for providing logistical support. J. Pope and W. Livingston (Leading Edge Aviation, Lewiston, Idaho, USA) provided helicopter capture services. J. Amos (SkyTruth, Sheperdstown, West Virginia, USA) provided satellite imagery. Comments from N. Korfanta, S. Buskirk, D. Doak, G. Hayward, and B. Newmark improved the manuscript. We appreciate the thorough reviews and editorial assistance provided by two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the Wildlife Heritage Foundation of Wyoming, the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative, the Wyoming Wildlife and Natural Resource Trust, and grants provided to Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., from Anadarko Petroleum Company, Warren Resources, and the Bureau of Land Management. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 46 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 11 U2 127 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 BP 2016 EP 2025 DI 10.1890/08-2034.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 520UI UT WOS:000271874300005 PM 20014575 ER PT J AU Yin, Y Wu, YG Bartell, SM Cosgriff, R AF Yin, Yao Wu, Yegang Bartell, Steve M. Cosgriff, Robert TI Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eco Summit 2007 CY MAY 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Ecol Soc China, Elsevier DE Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem; Oak-hickory forest succession; Spatial and temporal patterns ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WISCONSIN RIVER; MISSOURI RIVER; VEGETATION; EVERGLADES; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; BIOMASS; USA AB The widespread loss of oak-hickory forests and the impacts of flood have been major issues of ecological interest concerning forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain. The data analysis from two comprehensive field surveys indicated that Quercus was one of the dominant genera in the UMR floodplain ecosystem prior to the 1993 flood and constituted 14% of the total number of trees and 28% of the total basal area. During the post-flood recovery period through 2006, Quercus demonstrated slower recovery rates in both the number of trees (4%) and basal area (17%). In the same period, Carya recovered greatly from the 1993 flood in terms of the number of trees (11%) and basal area (2%), compared to its minor status before the flood. Further analyses suggested that different species responded to the 1993 flood with varying tolerance and different succession strategies. In this study, the relation of flood-caused mortality rates and DBH, f(m)(d), can be expressed in negative exponential functions for each species. The results of this research also indicate that the growth functions are different for each species and might also be different between pre- and post-flood time periods. These functions indicate different survival strategies and emergent properties in responding to flood impacts. This research enhances our understanding of forest succession patterns in space and time in the UPR floodplain. And such understanding might be used to predict long-term impacts of floods on UMR floodplain forest dynamics in support of management and restoration. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Yegang; Bartell, Steve M.] E2 Consulting Engineers Inc, Maryville, TN 37801 USA. [Yin, Yao] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Cosgriff, Robert] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Great Rivers Field Stn, Brighton, IL 62012 USA. RP Wu, YG (reprint author), E2 Consulting Engineers Inc, 339 Whitecrest Dr, Maryville, TN 37801 USA. EM ywu_mail@yahoo.com NR 56 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 SI SI BP 463 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543PK UT WOS:000273590400010 ER PT J AU Yin, Y Wu, YG Bartell, SM AF Yin, Yao Wu, Yegang Bartell, Steven M. TI A spatial simulation model for forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eco Summit 2007 CY MAY 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Ecol Soc China, Elsevier DE Floodplain forest succession model; Markov-chain transition; Monte Carlo simulation; Upper Mississippi River; Quercus; Spatial and temporal patterns ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WISCONSIN RIVER; MISSOURI RIVER; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; USA; SEDIMENTATION; EVERGLADES; VEGETATION AB A Markov-chain transition model (FORSUM) and Monte Carlo simulations were used to simulate the succession patterns and predict a long-term impact of flood on the forest structure and growth in the floodplain of the Upper Mississippi River and Illinois River. Model variables, probabilities, functions, and parameters were derived from the analysis of two comprehensive field surveys conducted in this floodplain. This modeling approach describes the establishment, growth, competition, and death of individual trees for modeled species on a 10,000-ha landscape with spatial resolution of I ha. The succession characteristics of each Monte Carlo simulation are summed up to describe forest development and dynamics on a landscape level. FORSUM simulated the impacts of flood intensity and frequency on species composition and dynamics in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem. The model provides a useful tool for testing hypotheses about forest succession and enables ecologists and managers to evaluate the impacts of flood disturbances and ecosystem restoration on forest succession. The simulation results suggest that the Markov-chain Monte Carlo method is an efficient tool to help organize the existing data and knowledge of forest succession into a system of quantitative predictions for the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Yegang; Bartell, Steven M.] E2 Consulting Engineers Inc, Maryville, TN 37801 USA. [Yin, Yao] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Wu, YG (reprint author), E2 Consulting Engineers Inc, 339 Whitecrest Dr, Maryville, TN 37801 USA. EM ywu_mail@yahoo.com NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X EI 1476-9840 J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 SI SI BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.09.003 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543PK UT WOS:000273590400013 ER PT J AU Larsen, LG Harvey, JW Crimaldi, JP AF Larsen, Laurel G. Harvey, Judson W. Crimaldi, John P. TI Predicting bed shear stress and its role in sediment dynamics and restoration potential of the Everglades and other vegetated flow systems SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Everglades; Restoration; Modeling; Bed shear stress; Flow through vegetation ID THROUGH EMERGENT VEGETATION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SLOUGH LANDSCAPE; NATIONAL-PARK; SALT-MARSH; CHANNEL; TRANSPORT; RIDGE; MACROPHYTES; MORPHOLOGY AB Entrainment of sediment by flowing water affects topograph ability, and nutrient cycling in vegetated floodplains and wetlands, impacting ecosystem evolution and the success of restoration projects. Nonetheless, restoration managers lack simple decision-support tools for predicting shear stresses and sediment redistribution potential in different vegetation communities. Using a field-validated numerical model, we developed state-space diagrams that provide these predictions over a range of water-surface slopes, depths, and associated velocities in Everglades ridge and slough vegetation communities. Diminished bed shear stresses and a consequent decrease in bed sediment redistribution are hypothesized causes of a recent reduction in the topographic and vegetation heterogeneity of this ecosystem. Results confirmed the inability of present-day flows to entrain bed sediment. Further, our diagrams showed bed shear stresses to be highly sensitive to emergent vegetation density and water-surface slope but less sensitive to water depth and periphyton or floating vegetation abundance. These findings suggested that instituting a pulsing flow regime could be the most effective means to restore sediment redistribution to the Everglades. However, pulsing flows will not be sufficient to erode sediment from sloughs with abundant spikerush, unless spikerush density first decreases by natural or managed processes. Our methods provide a novel tool for identifying restoration parameters and performance measures in many types of vegetated aquatic environments where sediment erosion and deposition are involved. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Larsen, Laurel G.; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Crimaldi, John P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Larsen, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lglarsen@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU NSF [EAR-0635079]; USGS Priority Ecosystems Studies Program; USGS National Research Program; National Park Service [F5284-08-0024]; Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Hertz Foundation Fellowship FX This work was supported by NSF award EAR-0635079, the USGS Priority Ecosystems Studies Program, the USGS National Research Program, and the National Park Service through interagency agreement F5284-08-0024. Additional support was provided by the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program, an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to LGI, and a Hertz Foundation Fellowship to LGL. We thank Greg Noe for discussion and collaboration on related aspects of the research, and Eleanor Griffin, Jason Kean, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1773 EP 1785 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.09.002 PG 13 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 531RK UT WOS:000272685300010 ER PT J AU MacNulty, DR Smith, DW Vucetich, JA Mech, LD Stahler, DR Packer, C AF MacNulty, Daniel R. Smith, Douglas W. Vucetich, John A. Mech, L. David Stahler, Daniel R. Packer, Craig TI Predatory senescence in ageing wolves SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Age structure; ageing; elk; hunting ability; life history; predator-prey interaction; senescence; serum albumin; survival; wolf ID HYENA CROCUTA-CROCUTA; SERUM-ALBUMIN; LONG FLIGHTS; GRAY WOLVES; AGE; WOLF; PERFORMANCE; RATES; SIZE; SEX AB It is well established that ageing handicaps the ability of prey to escape predators, yet surprisingly little is known about how ageing affects the ability of predators to catch prey. Research into long-lived predators has assumed that adults have uniform impacts on prey regardless of age. Here we use longitudinal data from repeated observations of individually-known wolves (Canis lupus) hunting elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park to demonstrate that adult predatory performance declines with age and that an increasing ratio of senescent individuals in the wolf population depresses the rate of prey offtake. Because this ratio fluctuates independently of population size, predatory senescence may cause wolf populations of equal size but different age structure to have different impacts on prey populations. These findings suggest that predatory senescence is an important, though overlooked, factor affecting predator-prey dynamics. C1 [MacNulty, Daniel R.; Packer, Craig] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [MacNulty, Daniel R.; Vucetich, John A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Smith, Douglas W.; Stahler, Daniel R.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP MacNulty, DR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM macn0007@umn.edu RI MacNulty, Dan/L-3965-2016 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0613730]; Canon USA; National Geographic Society; Yellowstone Park Foundation; US Geological Survey; Annie Graham of Tapeats Foundation; Frank Kay Yeager; Masterfoods; Marc McCurry; Patagonia, Inc. FX We thank the YNP wolf project staff (D. Guernsey, E. Albers) and winter study volunteers for field assistance, R. Stradley and personnel from Hawkins and Powers, Inc., and Central Copters, Inc., for safe piloting, G. DelGuidice, D. Murray, and J. Fieberg for comments on elements of our analysis, and Dan Nussey and two anonymous referees for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Research was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0613730), Canon USA, National Geographic Society, Yellowstone Park Foundation, US Geological Survey, an anonymous donor, Annie Graham of Tapeats Foundation, Frank & Kay Yeager, Masterfoods, Marc McCurry, and Patagonia, Inc. NR 50 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1356 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01385.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 517QJ UT WOS:000271631500010 PM 19780789 ER PT J AU Holland, JN DeAngelis, DL AF Holland, J. Nathaniel DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Consumer-resource theory predicts dynamic transitions between outcomes of interspecific interactions SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Conditionality; consumer-resource interaction; context dependent; density dependent; interaction outcome; mutual predation; mutualism; parasitism; resource supply; stability; theory ID POPULATION INTERACTIONS; CONDITIONAL OUTCOMES; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; INTERACTION STRENGTH; CONTEXT-DEPENDENCE; ANT ASSOCIATION; FRUIT ABORTION; FOOD WEBS; MUTUALISM; PLANT AB Interactions between two populations are often defined by their interaction outcomes; that is, the positive, neutral, or negative effects of species on one another. Yet, signs of outcomes are not absolute, but vary with the biotic and abiotic contexts of interactions. Here, we develop a general theory for transitions between outcomes based on consumer-resource (C-R) interactions in which one or both species exploit the other as a resource. Simple models of C-R interactions revealed multiple equilibria, including one for species coexistence and others for extinction of one or both species, indicating that species' densities alone could determine the fate of interactions. All possible outcomes [(+ +), (+ -), (--), (+ 0), (- 0), (0 0)] of species coexistence emerged merely through changes in parameter values of C-R interactions, indicating that variation in C-R interactions resulting from biotic and abiotic conditions could determine shifts in outcomes. These results suggest that C-R interactions can provide a broad mechanism for understanding context- and density-dependent transitions between interaction outcomes. C1 [Holland, J. Nathaniel] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Holland, JN (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM jholland@rice.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-081423]; U.S.G.S. Florida Integrated Science Centres FX We thank J.L. Bronstein, A.E. Dunham,V.H.W. Rudolf, E. Siemann, and three anonymous referees for discussion of this study and/or comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The work was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-081423. DLD also acknowledges support of the U.S.G.S. Florida Integrated Science Centres. NR 46 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1357 EP 1366 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01390.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 517QJ UT WOS:000271631500011 PM 19807773 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Powell, LA Pope, KL AF Martin, D. R. Powell, L. A. Pope, K. L. TI Spring home ranges of white bass in irrigation reservoirs of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE home range; white bass; acoustic telemetry ID SITE FIDELITY; HABITAT USE; FLATHEAD CATFISH; STRIPED BASS; LAKE; MOVEMENT; FISHES; SIZE AB Fishery biologists have documented small home ranges, relative to available habitat, for many littoral freshwater fishes. Home ranges for pelagic species, such as white bass Morone chrysops, are generally not well described, yet are thought to be large. We studied white bass movement using acoustic telemetry in two irrigation reservoirs of the Republican River basin in south-western Nebraska. Acoustic transmitters were implanted in fall of the previous year and tracking occurred a minimum of once per week throughout spring (mid-March to May) 2007 and 2008. Linear home ranges were calculated from observed locations of individual fish. Twelve of the twenty-seven tagged fish with at least five locations exhibited localised home ranges throughout the spring whereas the remaining fish exhibited home ranges extending across large portions of each reservoir. Home range size was not correlated with fish size or condition. C1 [Martin, D. R.; Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, USGS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, USGS, 118 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dustin.martin@huskers.unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010; Martin, Dusitn/B-1655-2013 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-174-R] FX We thank Chris Lewis and many volunteers for assisting with field work. We also thank Robert Hayward, Craig Paukert and David Willis for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; project F-174-R, administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. The contents of this project are solely the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent official views of the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission or the U. S. Geological Survey. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or U. S. government. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 514 EP 519 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00377.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 517QE UT WOS:000271631000003 ER PT J AU Khashgerel, BE Rye, RO Kavalieris, I Hayashi, KI AF Khashgerel, Bat-Erdene Rye, Robert O. Kavalieris, Imants Hayashi, Ken-Ichiro TI The Sericitic to Advanced Argillic Transition: Stable Isotope and Mineralogical Characteristics from the Hugo Dummett Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Oyu Tolgoi District, Mongolia SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUID-INCLUSION EVIDENCE; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; COPPER DEPOSITS; MAGMATIC FLUIDS; CLAY-MINERALS; ORE-DEPOSITS; EL-SALVADOR; AG DEPOSIT; OXYGEN AB Late Devonian porphyry Cu-Au deposits within the Oyu Tolgoi mineral district, Mongolia, occur in a north-notheast-trending zone 22 km long. they are related to quartz monzodiorite instrusions, and hosted by augite basalt lavas. The porphyry systems have been preserved beneath overturned and allochthonous stratigraphic sequences and geologic relationships suggest that fold-thrust belt deformation and tectonic burial occurred soon after their formation. Eight known separate porphyry centers currently contain a measured and indicated resource of 1,390 Mt at 1.33 wt percent Cu and 0.47 g/t Au, and an inferred resource of 2,200 Mt at 0.83 wt percent Cu and 0.37 g/t Au (at 0.6 wt % cu equiv cutoff). Advanced agrillic alteration is present for 6 km along a north-northeast trend and is characterized by minerals that include andalusite, corundum, diaspore, residual quartz, alunite plus aluminum-phosphate-sulfate minerals, zunyite, topaz, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, anhydrite, gypsum, and dickite but is dominated by pyrophyllite. This alteration is exposed at surface in the Central deposit and in the subsurface between 50 to 1,500 m depth at Hugo Dummett South and NOrth deposits. The advanced argillic zone at the Hugo Dummett deposits closely envelopes high-grade porphyry Cu-Au mineralization, and overpoints a deep zone of sericitic alteration. Mineralogical investigations show that pyrophyllite replaces fine-grained muscovite as coarse crystals (up to 25 mu m long), or replaces coarse muscovite crystals (50 mu m long) along clevage. Muscovite (delta O-18 = 6.7-10.4 parts per thousand, delta D = -116 to -92 parts per thousand, n = 13) and pyrophyllite (delta 18O = 5.9-12.2 parts per thousand, delta d = -122 to -87 parts per thousand, n = 28) have similar measured isotope compositions. The calculated parent fluid compositions for all phyllosolicate minerals (muscovite, chlorite, pyrophyllite: delta O-18(H2O) = 1-7.3 parts per thousand, delta D-H2O = -102 to -67 parts per thousand) suggest they were predominantly magamtic with a minor component of meteoric water. The composition of younger dickite (delta O-18 = -3.2 to +5.7 parts per thousand, delta D = -165 to -129 parts per thousand, n = 13) shows evidence of magmatic fluid mixing with meteoric water, and provides an estimate of delta D = -160 per mil for Late Devonian meteoric water. Sulfides (delta S-34 = -16 to -1.4 parts per thousand) are isotopically light, whereas sulfates (delta S-34 = 4.2-17.9 parts per thousand) are heavy, and the distribution suggest that initial fluids were SO2-dominant and ratios of reduced to oxidised sulfur species of fluids were buffered at near 1:1. Alunite is related to condensed magmatic vapor (delta O-18((SO4)) = 7.1-20.1 parts per thousand (n = 14), delta D = -92 to -37 parts per thousand (n = 13), delta S-34 = 8-17.9 parts per thousand (n = 18)) with a component of meteoric water, and contrasts in O and H isotope values from pyropyllite, which is similar to muscovite. Pyrophyllite at shallo levels replaces earlier advanced argillie minerals, including alunite, whereas at deep levels it replace muscovite in quartz monzodiorite, or chlorite-muscovite-illite (after biotite) in basaltic wall rocks. Field relationships, mineralogy, and stable isotopes suggest that pyrophyllite is derived from late magmatic-hydrothermal fluids during cooling. C1 [Khashgerel, Bat-Erdene; Hayashi, Ken-Ichiro] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. [Rye, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kavalieris, Imants] Ivanhoe Mines Mongolia Inc, Ulaanbaatar 210349, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Khashgerel, BE (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. EM hashgerel@yahoo.com NR 72 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 24 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 104 IS 8 BP 1087 EP 1110 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 555HM UT WOS:000274499700001 ER PT J AU Scott, RJ Meffre, S Woodhead, J Gilbert, SE Berry, RF Emsbo, P AF Scott, Robert J. Meffre, Sebastien Woodhead, Jon Gilbert, Sarah E. Berry, Ron F. Emsbo, Poul TI Development of Framboidal Pyrite During Diagenesis, Low-Grade Regional Metamorphism, and Hydrothermal Alteration SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACHLAN FOLD BELT; VICTORIAN GOLD PROVINCE; BEDDING-PARALLEL VEINS; WALL-ROCK ALTERATION; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CASTLEMAINE GOLDFIELDS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; IRON MINERALS; SE AUSTRALIA AB Distribution patterns, microstructural relationships, and compositional variations for framboidal pyrite in the Paleozoic sedimentary host rocks to gold deposits on the: northern Carlin trend, Nevada, and at Fosterville in central Victoria, collectively demonstrate that it is clot all of synsedimentary-early diagenetic origin. Framboidal pyrite also nucleated in hydrothermal veins formed at several kilometers depth and along dissolution surfaces (stylolites and crenulation cleavages) formed during metamorphism at lip to anchinzonal grade: (i.e., prehnite-pumpellyite facies). There are no obvious differences in either the size range or internal morphology of framework formed in these various settings, suggesting that a single, relatively simple crystallization path may operate over it wide depth range in the upper crust. At Fosterville, anomalously metal-rich (including Au) framboidal pyrite is most abundant adjacent to laminated shear veins that developed by slip along bedding surfaces during folding of the: sedimentary host rocks. Microstructural relationships and Pb isotope compositions for the framboidal Pyrite, and other similarly distributed, curly-formed sulfides, support development in response to the localized, episodic influx of metal-enriched H(2)S-bearing hydrothermal fluids during regional deformation between 440 and 400 Ma. These findings may have implications for other similarly deformed metasedimentary successions, where the discovery of All-bearing framboidal pyrite has recently been cited as evidence for significant Au enrichment during sedimentation. C1 [Scott, Robert J.; Meffre, Sebastien; Gilbert, Sarah E.; Berry, Ron F.] Univ Tasmania, CODES, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Woodhead, Jon] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Scott, RJ (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, CODES, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Private Bage 126, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM robert.scott@utas.edu.au RI Woodhead, Jon/C-2227-2012; Meffre, Sebastien/J-8700-2014; OI Meffre, Sebastien/0000-0003-2741-6076; Woodhead, Jon/0000-0002-7614-0136 FU CODES-AMIRA project P923 FX This work was jointly funded by CODES-AMIRA project P923 "Controls on the Formation and Sulfide Trace Element Signatures of Sediment-hoisted Cold Deposits" and the. ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits at the University of Tasmania. Assistance provided by Jon Powell (Newmont) Bob Leonardson and Charles Weakly (Barrick Cold Co.) and Neil Norris Perseverance with the selection of, drill holes for sampling is gratefully acknowledged. David Rickard and Robert Raiswell are thanked for incisive: reviews, which( have helped us to improve the manuscript. NR 96 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 104 IS 8 BP 1143 EP 1168 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 555HM UT WOS:000274499700003 ER PT J AU Savage, KS Ashley, RP Bird, DK AF Savage, Kaye S. Ashley, Roger P. Bird, Dennis K. TI Geochemical Evolution of a High Arsenic, Alkaline Pit-Lake in the Mother Lode Gold District, California SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSES; GETCHELL MINE; MARTHA MINE; NEVADA; GROUNDWATER; USA; CARBONATE; MOBILIZATION; PREDICTION AB The Harvard orebody at the Jamestown gold mine, located along the Melones fault zone in the southern Mother Lode gold district, California, was milled in an open-pit operation from 1987 to 1994. Dewatering during mining produced a hydrologic cone of depression; recovery, toward the: premilling ground-water configuration produced a monomictic hit lake with alkaline Ca-Mg-HCO(3)-SO(4)-type pit water, concentrations of As lip to 1,200 mu g/L, and total dissolved solids (TDS) up to 2,000 mg/L. In this study; hit-wall rocks seen; mapped and chemically analyzed to provide a contest for evaluating observed variability in the composition of the pit-lake waters ill relationship to seasonal weather patterns. All integrated hydrogeochemical model of pit-lake evolution based oil observations elf hit-lake volume, water composition (samples collected between 1995-2000, 2004), and processes occurring oil pit walls was developed ill three: stages Using the: Computer Code PHREEQC. Stage 1. takes account of seasonally variable water fluxes from precipitation, evaporation, springs, and ground water, as swell as lake stratification and mixing processes. Stage 2 adds CO(2) fluxes and wall-rock interactions, allot stage 3 assesses the predictive capability of the model. Two major geologic units in fault contact comprise the pit walls. The hanging wall is composed of interlayered state, metavolcanic and metavolcaniclastic rocks, and schists; the footwall rocks are chlorite-actinolite and tale-tremolite schists generated by metasomatism of greenschist-facies mafic awl ultramafic igneous rocks. Alteration in the ore zone provides evidence for mineralizing fluids that introduced CO(2), S, and K(2)O, and redistributed SiO(2). Arsenian pyrite associated with the alteration weathers to produce goethite and jarosite oil hit walls and joints, as well as copiapite and hexahydrite efflorescences that accumulate on wall-rock faces during dry California summers. All of those pyrite: weathering products incorporate: arsenic at concentrations from < 100 up to 1,200 ppm. In the pit lake, pH and TDS reach seasonal highs in the summer epilimnion: pH is lowest ill the summer hypolimnion. Arsenic and bicarbonate covary ill the hypolimnion, rising as stratification proceeds and declining during winter rains. The computational model suggests that water fluxes alone de not account for this seasonal variability. Loss of CO(2) to the atmosphere, interaction with pit walls including washoff, of efflorescent salts during the first flush and seasonal rainfall, and arsenic sorption appear to Contribute to the observed pit-lake characteristics. C1 [Savage, Kaye S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Ashley, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bird, Dennis K.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Savage, KS (reprint author), Wofford Coll, Environm Studies Program, Spartanburg, SC 29303 USA. EM savageks@wofford.edu RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 FU NSF [EAR-9902859]; U.S. EPA [U915154]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We wish to thank Mark Hannington, Larry Meinert, and John Dilles for their editorial efforts that made possible this special issue of Economic Geology in honor of Harold C. Helgeson. We are gratefully indebted to Professor Helgeson for his life-time contributions to our understanding of the geochemistry of water-rock systems. For one of us (DKB), Hal was all advisor, mentor, and close friend who had a major impact oil how T conduct my research, advise my students, and view the "human equation." This research was supported by NSF EAR-9902859 (to DKB), U.S. EPA fellowship U915154, (to KSS), and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Gal), Wilson for access to the Harvard mine pit, and Ed Coogan and Toss Grumvald for helpful discussions on the pit-wall outcrops. A portion of this research was carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), a National user Facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL. Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 104 IS 8 BP 1171 EP 1211 PG 41 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 555HM UT WOS:000274499700005 ER PT J AU Chivers, MR Turetsky, MR Waddington, JM Harden, JW McGuire, AD AF Chivers, M. R. Turetsky, M. R. Waddington, J. M. Harden, J. W. McGuire, A. D. TI Effects of Experimental Water Table and Temperature Manipulations on Ecosystem CO2 Fluxes in an Alaskan Rich Fen SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE peatland; boreal; wetlands; Alaska; carbon; carbon dioxide; climate change; drought; flooding; warming ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; LEVEL DRAWDOWN; POOR FEN; EMISSIONS; EXCHANGE; BALANCE AB Peatlands store 30% of the world's terrestrial soil carbon (C) and those located at northern latitudes are expected to experience rapid climate warming. We monitored growing season carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes across a factorial design of in situ water table (control, drought, and flooded plots) and soil warming (control vs. warming via open top chambers) treatments for 2 years in a rich fen located just outside the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest in interior Alaska. The drought (lowered water table position) treatment was a weak sink or small source of atmospheric CO2 compared to the moderate atmospheric CO2 sink at our control. This change in net ecosystem exchange was due to lower gross primary production and light-saturated photosynthesis rather than increased ecosystem respiration. The flooded (raised water table position) treatment was a greater CO2 sink in 2006 due largely to increased early season gross primary production and higher light-saturated photosynthesis. Although flooding did not have substantial effects on rates of ecosystem respiration, this water table treatment had lower maximum respiration rates and a higher temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration than the control plot. Surface soil warming increased both ecosystem respiration and gross primary production by approximately 16% compared to control (ambient temperature) plots, with no net effect on net ecosystem exchange. Results from this rich fen manipulation suggest that fast responses to drought will include reduced ecosystem C storage driven by plant stress, whereas inundation will increase ecosystem C storage by stimulating plant growth. C1 [Chivers, M. R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Turetsky, M. R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. [Waddington, J. M.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Turetsky, MR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. EM mrt@uoguelph.ca RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0425328, DEB-0423442]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research [PNW01-JV11261952-231] FX We thank Evan Kane, Claire Treat, Jon O'Donnell, Lee Pruett, Sara Kelzer, Gordon Shetler, Ronnie Daanen, and Neville Millar for field assistance. We are grateful to the Bonanza Creek LTER, in particular Jamie Hollingsworth, Brian Charlton, and Emily Tessier for site construction. We also thank Dale Vitt for moss species identification and Maria Strack for assistance with LAI measurements. Mark Waldrop, Kim Wickland, Scott Bridgham, Gus Shaver, and an anonymous reviewer provided thoughtful comments and review of previous versions of this manuscript. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0425328, a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to M. R. C., an Environmental Protection Agency Students to Achieve Results Fellowship to M. R. C., and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by NSF Grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). NR 58 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 8 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2009 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1342 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9292-y PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532XE UT WOS:000272782900007 ER PT J AU Bullen, TD Eisenhauer, A AF Bullen, Thomas D. Eisenhauer, Anton TI Metal Stable Isotopes In Low-Temperature Systems: A Primer SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE metals; stable isotopes; isotope fractionation; mass spectrometry ID FRACTIONATION; CHROMIUM; FE AB Recent advances in mass spectrometry have allowed isotope scientists to precisely determine stable isotope variations in the metallic elements. Biologically influenced and truly inorganic isotope fractionation processes have been demonstrated over the mass range of metals. This Elements issue provides an overview of the application of metal stable isotopes to low-temperature systems, which extend across the borders of several science disciplines: geology, hydrology, biology, environmental science, and biomedicine. Information on instrumentation, fractionation processes, data-reporting terminology, and reference materials presented here will help the reader to better understand this rapidly evolving field. C1 [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eisenhauer, Anton] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch IFM GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Bullen, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tdbullen@usgs.gov; aeisenhauer@ifm-geomar.de RI Eisenhauer, Anton/K-6454-2012 FU National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline; U.S. Geological Survey; le Studium/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orleans, France FX We thank Michael Hochella and Thomas Nagler for thoughtful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript, and Susan Stipp for a thorough review of the revised manuscript. TB's efforts for this issue of Elements were Supported by the National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline, U.S. Geological Survey, and by le Studium/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orleans, France. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD DEC PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.2113/gselements.5.6.349 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 541KU UT WOS:000273415400003 ER PT J AU von Blanckenburg, F von Wiren, N Guelke, M Weiss, DJ Bullen, TD AF von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm von Wiren, Nicolaus Guelke, Monica Weiss, Dominik J. Bullen, Thomas D. TI Fractionation of Metal Stable Isotopes by Higher Plants SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE higher plants; nutrition sciences; isotope fractionation ID IRON; TRANSPORT; ZINC; SOIL; FE; PHYTOSIDEROPHORES; NICOTIANAMINE; VEGETATION; GOETHITE; SYSTEM AB Higher plants induce chemical reactions in the rhizosphere, facilitating metal uptake by roots. Fractionation of the isotopes in nutrients such as calcium, Iron, magnesium, and zinc produces a stable Isotope composition in the plants that generally differs from that of the growth medium. Isotope fractionation also occurs during transport of the metals within most plants, but its extent depends on plant species and on the metal, in particular, on the metal's redox state and what ligand it is bound to. The metal stable isotope variations observed in plants create an isotope signature of life at the Earth's surface, contributing substantially to our understanding of metal cycling processes in the environment and in individual organisms. C1 [von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [von Wiren, Nicolaus] Leibniz Inst Pflanzengenet & Kulturpflanzenforsch, D-106466 Gatersleben, Germany. [Guelke, Monica] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Weiss, Dominik J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 5PD, England. [Weiss, Dominik J.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5PD, England. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP von Blanckenburg, F (reprint author), German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM fvb@gfz-potsdam.de; vonwiren@ipk-gatersleben.de; m.guelke@mineralogie.uni-hannover.de; d.weiss@imperial.ac.uk; tdbullen@usgs.gov RI von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm/K-4711-2013; OI von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm/0000-0002-2964-717X; Weiss, Dominik/0000-0001-8074-9430 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 57 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD DEC PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.2113/gselements.5.6.375 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 541KU UT WOS:000273415400008 ER PT J AU Bullen, TD Walczyk, T AF Bullen, Thomas D. Walczyk, Thomas TI Environmental and Biomedical Applications of Natural Metal Stable Isotope Variations SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE metal contaminant tracing; metal homeostasis; multi-isotope approach; isotope effects ID CHROMIUM ISOTOPES; IRON HOMEOSTASIS; ZINC ISOTOPES; FRACTIONATION; BLOOD; COPPER; DEPOSITION; RATIOS AB Metal stable isotopes are now being used to trace metal contaminants in the environment and as indicators of human systemic function where metals play a role. Stable isotope abundance variations provide information about metal sources and the processes affecting metals in complex natural systems, complementing information gained from surrogate tracers, such as metal abundance ratios or biochemical markers of metal metabolism. The science is still in its infancy, but the results of initial studies confirm that metal stable isotopes can provide a powerful tool for forensic and biomedical investigations. C1 [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Walczyk, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biochem Med, Dept Chem Sci, Singapore 117543, Singapore. RP Bullen, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tdbullen@usgs.gov; walczyk@nus.edu.sg NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 29 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD DEC PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.2113/gselements.5.6.381 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 541KU UT WOS:000273415400009 ER PT J AU Bevins, SN Tracey, JA Franklin, SP Schmit, VL MacMillan, ML Gage, KL Schriefer, ME Logan, KA Sweanor, LL Alldredge, MW Krumm, C Boyce, WM Vickers, W Riley, SPD Lyren, LM Boydston, EE Fisher, RN Roelke, ME Salman, M Crooks, KR VandeWoude, S AF Bevins, Sarah N. Tracey, Jeff A. Franklin, Sam P. Schmit, Virginia L. MacMillan, Martha L. Gage, Kenneth L. Schriefer, Martin E. Logan, Kenneth A. Sweanor, Linda L. Alldredge, Mat W. Krumm, Caroline Boyce, Walter M. Vickers, Winston Riley, Seth P. D. Lyren, Lisa M. Boydston, Erin E. Fisher, Robert N. Roelke, Melody E. Salman, Mo Crooks, Kevin R. VandeWoude, Sue TI Wild Felids as Hosts for Human Plague, Western United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID YERSINIA-PESTIS; TRANSMISSION; EXPOSURE AB Plague seroprevalence was estimated in populations of pumas and bobcats in the western United States. High levels of exposure in plague-endemic regions indicate the need to consider the ecology and pathobiology of plague in nondomestic felid hosts to better understand the role of these species in disease persistence and transmission. C1 [Bevins, Sarah N.] Colorado State Univ, Microbiol Immunol & Pathol Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.; Schriefer, Martin E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Logan, Kenneth A.; Alldredge, Mat W.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Montrose, CO USA. [Boyce, Walter M.; Vickers, Winston] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riley, Seth P. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Lyren, Lisa M.; Boydston, Erin E.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Irvine, CA USA. [Roelke, Melody E.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bevins, SN (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Microbiol Immunol & Pathol Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bevins@lamar.colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease [NSF EF-0723676] FX Dr Bevins is a postdoctoral researcher, with ail emphasis in disease ecology, at Colorado State University. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2021 EP 2024 DI 10.3201/eid1512.090526 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 527HO UT WOS:000272358200026 PM 19961691 ER PT J AU Williams, CJ Heglund, PJ AF Williams, Christopher J. Heglund, Patricia J. TI A method for assigning species into groups based on generalized Mahalanobis distance between habitat model coefficients SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Cluster analysis; Generalized linear models; Habitat association models; Indicator species ID POPULATIONS; REGRESSION AB Habitat association models are commonly developed for individual animal species using generalized linear modeling methods such as logistic regression. We considered the issue of grouping species based on their habitat use so that management decisions can be based on sets of species rather than individual species. This research was motivated by a study of western landbirds in northern Idaho forests. The method we examined was to separately fit models to each species and to use a generalized Mahalanobis distance between coefficient vectors to create a distance matrix among species. Clustering methods were used to group species from the distance matrix, and multidimensional scaling methods were used to visualize the relations among species groups. Methods were also discussed for evaluating the sensitivity of the conclusions because of outliers or influential data points. We illustrate these methods with data from the landbird study conducted in northern Idaho. Simulation results are presented to compare the success of this method to alternative methods using Euclidean distance between coefficient vectors and to methods that do not use habitat association models. These simulations demonstrate that our Mahalanobis-distance-based method was nearly always better than Euclidean-distance-based methods or methods not based on habitat association models. The methods used to develop candidate species groups are easily explained to other scientists and resource managers since they mainly rely on classical multivariate statistical methods. C1 [Williams, Christopher J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. RP Williams, CJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM chrisw@uidaho.edu; Patricia_Heglund@fws.gov FU Potlatch Corporation, Lewiston, Idaho; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Washington, D.C. FX We thank A. Porth, S. Winsor Parnell, D. Harvey, K. Hughes, K. Pullen, J. Ross, P. Town, B. Keene, C. Friers Patterson, A. Rockledge, R. Dixon, L. Bate, and D. Taylor, who helped with the acquisition of the data used in these analyses. We especially thank R. Dixon for her efforts in the field and at the computer, and Bill Wall for his support. W. Thogmartin, B. Ickes, B. Gray, B. Moser and two anonymous reviewers provided excellent comments on earlier drafts of this work. Funding for this project was generously provided by challenge grants from Potlatch Corporation, Lewiston, Idaho and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Washington, D. C. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 495 EP 513 DI 10.1007/s10651-008-0093-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 521TZ UT WOS:000271948600003 ER PT J AU Simpson, WG Kennedy, BM Ostrand, KG AF Simpson, William G. Kennedy, Benjamen M. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Seasonal foraging and piscivory by sympatric wild and hatchery-reared steelhead from an integrated hatchery program SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Predation; Integrated hatchery program; Steelhead; Hatchery residuals; Piscivory ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; BROWN TROUT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; BEHAVIOR; PREY AB We compared the diet of hatchery-reared steelhead produced from an integrated hatchery program as emigrating spring smolts and non-migrating hatchery residuals to their sympatric wild counterparts. Our results suggest that there is a potential for hatchery fish to affect wild steelhead populations due to dietary overlap and subyearling salmonid predation; however, relative ecological risk did not increase as steelhead delayed or forwent emigration. Predation by hatchery smolts was related to release timing, but not experience with native fish. Diet composition appears to be more strongly affected by seasonal and yearly differences in prey abundance and presence rather than differences in rearing environments. Hatchery and wild steelhead showed small but important foraging differences. Hatchery smolts did not consume as many salmonids as wild fish and hatchery residuals showed relatively stronger surface oriented feeding behavior than wild parr. Because most hatchery smolts emigrated shortly after release and the overall number of residuals in the study creek was low, we speculate that in this case there is low dietary and predatory-based risk of hatchery steelhead in Abernathy Creek negatively impacting wild salmonids. C1 [Simpson, William G.; Kennedy, Benjamen M.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Simpson, WG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM william_simpson@fws.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX Data collection and reporting were funded through the Bonneville Power Administration. At the Abernathy Fish Technology Center we thank J. Holmes and J. Poole for spawning, handling, and maintaining hatchery broodstock and their progeny, and W. Gale, J. Samagaio, and M. Mata for help with collecting data and identifying invertebrate samples. We also thank D. Seilor, G. Volkhardt, P. Hanratty, S. Wolthausen and B. Allen and other Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife staff for assistance with screw trap operations. Finally, we thank P. Crandell and three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre- dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been disseminated by the service. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any service determination NR 57 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9542-z PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 521UB UT WOS:000271948800006 ER PT J AU Zhai, M Totolo, O Modisi, MP Finkelman, RB Kelesitse, SM Menyatso, M AF Zhai, Mingzhe Totolo, Otlogetswe Modisi, Motsoptse P. Finkelman, Robert B. Kelesitse, Sebueng M. Menyatso, Mooketsi TI Heavy metal distribution in soils near Palapye, Botswana: an evaluation of the environmental impact of coal mining and combustion on soils in a semi-arid region SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Coal environment; Heavy metal; Arsenic; Soil environment; Botswana ID HEALTH IMPACTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; POWER-PLANT; URBAN SOILS; POLLUTION; MINE; CONTAMINATION; EMISSIONS; SEDIMENTS; WASTE AB Morupule Colliery near Palapye in eastern Botswana is the only coalmine in production in Botswana at present. Its coal is mainly used in the nearby coal-fired Morupule Power Station, which generates approximately 1,000 GWh of electricity per annum. After more than 30 years mining and more than 20 years of combustion, the sedimentation of outlet fly ash from the Morupule Power Station has increased concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn and As by 13, 2.5, 16 and 5 ppm, respectively, in the fine portion (< 53 mu m) of surface soils for approximately 9 km downwind. Elements that have higher concentrations in coal have stronger small-particle association during coal combustion and are less mobile in surface soils, thus showing stronger contaminations in surface soils around the coal-fired plant. Although the degree of contamination of Cr, Ni, Zn and As from coal combustion in the Palapye area at present is low, it is necessary to monitor concentrations of these elements in surface soils routinely in the future. This study also reveals moderate Pb and Zn contaminations in the Palapye area. The former is due to the use of leaded petroleum in motor vehicle traffic and the latter is mainly due to the use of galvanized iron sheets in construction. C1 [Zhai, Mingzhe; Totolo, Otlogetswe; Modisi, Motsoptse P.] Univ Botswana, Fac Sci, Gaborone 0022, Botswana. [Finkelman, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Kelesitse, Sebueng M.] Botswana Power Corp, Morupule Power Stn, Palapye, Botswana. [Menyatso, Mooketsi] Morupule Colliery Ltd, Palapye, Botswana. RP Zhai, M (reprint author), Univ Botswana, Fac Sci, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone 0022, Botswana. EM zhaim@mopipi.ub.bw FU University of Botswana [R530] FX Funding for this study was provided by the University of Botswana (FoS/RPC Research Grant No: R530). Mr. B. Makuke, M. Goitseone, T. Thatayame, L. Itumeleng and M. Gaborone participated in some sample collection and preparation. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 31 IS 6 BP 759 EP 777 DI 10.1007/s10653-009-9260-7 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 521UE UT WOS:000271949100014 PM 19326246 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Gunderson, L Allen, CD Fleishman, E McKenzie, D Meyerson, LA Oropeza, J Stephenson, N AF Baron, Jill S. Gunderson, Lance Allen, Craig D. Fleishman, Erica McKenzie, Donald Meyerson, Laura A. Oropeza, Jill Stephenson, Nate TI Options for National Parks and Reserves for Adapting to Climate Change SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Climate change; National parks; Reserves; Uncertainty; Scenario planning; Adaptive management ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GRAND-CANYON; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; WORLD; RESTORATION; THRESHOLDS; ECOLOGY; POLICY AB Past and present climate has shaped the valued ecosystems currently protected in parks and reserves, but future climate change will redefine these conditions. Continued conservation as climate changes will require thinking differently about resource management than we have in the past; we present some logical steps and tools for doing so. Three critical tenets underpin future management plans and activities: (1) climate patterns of the past will not be the climate patterns of the future; (2) climate defines the environment and influences future trajectories of the distributions of species and their habitats; (3) specific management actions may help increase the resilience of some natural resources, but fundamental changes in species and their environment may be inevitable. Science-based management will be necessary because past experience may not serve as a guide for novel future conditions. Identifying resources and processes at risk, defining thresholds and reference conditions, and establishing monitoring and assessment programs are among the types of scientific practices needed to support a broadened portfolio of management activities. In addition to the control and hedging management strategies commonly in use today, we recommend adaptive management wherever possible. Adaptive management increases our ability to address the multiple scales at which species and processes function, and increases the speed of knowledge transfer among scientists and managers. Scenario planning provides a broad forward-thinking framework from which the most appropriate management tools can be chosen. The scope of climate change effects will require a shared vision among regional partners. Preparing for and adapting to climate change is as much a cultural and intellectual challenge as an ecological challenge. C1 [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Baron, Jill S.; Oropeza, Jill] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gunderson, Lance] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Meyerson, Laura A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Stephenson, Nate] US Geol Survey, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM jill@nrel.colostate.edu RI Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 FU U.S. Climate Change Science FX We thank the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the fLead Authors of Science and Assessment Product 4.4, Susan Julius and Jordan West. This is a product of the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Mountain Initiative. Advice, comments, and reviews from Abby Miller, Bob Krumenaker, David Graber, Vaughn Baker, Jeff Connor, and Ben Bobowski strengthened the manuscript. Participants in a November 2006 workshop provided valuable comments and context. NR 60 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 8 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1042 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9296-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530TN UT WOS:000272615300003 PM 19449058 ER PT J AU Griffith, B Scott, JM Adamcik, R Ashe, D Czech, B Fischman, R Gonzalez, P Lawler, J McGuire, AD Pidgorna, A AF Griffith, Brad Scott, J. Michael Adamcik, Robert Ashe, Daniel Czech, Brian Fischman, Robert Gonzalez, Patrick Lawler, Joshua McGuire, A. David Pidgorna, Anna TI Climate Change Adaptation for the US National Wildlife Refuge System SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate; Adaptation; Refuge; Conservation; Planning; Strategy ID NORTHERN PRAIRIE WETLANDS; KENAI PENINSULA; WATERFOWL; IMPACTS; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; INTEGRITY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; ALASKA AB Since its establishment in 1903, the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) has grown to 635 units and 37 Wetland Management Districts in the United States and its territories. These units provide the seasonal habitats necessary for migratory waterfowl and other species to complete their annual life cycles. Habitat conversion and fragmentation, invasive species, pollution, and competition for water have stressed refuges for decades, but the interaction of climate change with these stressors presents the most recent, pervasive, and complex conservation challenge to the NWRS. Geographic isolation and small unit size compound the challenges of climate change, but a combined emphasis on species that refuges were established to conserve and on maintaining biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health provides the NWRS with substantial latitude to respond. Individual symptoms of climate change can be addressed at the refuge level, but the strategic response requires system-wide planning. A dynamic vision of the NWRS in a changing climate, an explicit national strategic plan to implement that vision, and an assessment of representation, redundancy, size, and total number of units in relation to conservation targets are the first steps toward adaptation. This adaptation must begin immediately and be built on more closely integrated research and management. Rigorous projections of possible futures are required to facilitate adaptation to change. Furthermore, the effective conservation footprint of the NWRS must be increased through land acquisition, creative partnerships, and educational programs in order for the NWRS to meet its legal mandate to maintain the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system and the species and ecosystems that it supports. C1 [Griffith, Brad; McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USGS Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, USGS Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Adamcik, Robert; Czech, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Ashe, Daniel] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Fischman, Robert] Indiana Univ, Maurer Sch Law, Bloomington, IN USA. [Gonzalez, Patrick] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Forestry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lawler, Joshua] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pidgorna, Anna] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Griffith, B (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USGS Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 209 Irving 1 Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM brad.griffith@uaf.edu RI Gonzalez, Patrick/B-9479-2013 OI Gonzalez, Patrick/0000-0002-7105-0561 FU US Climate Change Science; US Environmental Protection Agency; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We extend our sincere thanks to Jane Austin, Mark Bertram, Emmi Blades, Larry Bright, Vernon Byrd, Michael Higgins, Danielle Jerry, Rex Johnson, Jenn Miller, Kathleen Pearse, Ron Reynolds, Jennifer Roach, David Rupp, David Sharp, Doug Vandegraft, Gina Wilson, and the students in Indiana University's fall 2008 biodiversity conservation policy class for their invaluable contributions throughout the development of this article. John P. McCarty provided valuable editorial comments on an early draft of the manuscript. This work was funded by the US Climate Change Science Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and US Geological Survey but the findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their employing agencies. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1043 EP 1052 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9323-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530TN UT WOS:000272615300004 PM 19548023 ER PT J AU Hall, RK Watkins, RL Heggem, DT Jones, KB Kaufmann, PR Moore, SB Gregory, SJ AF Hall, Robert K. Watkins, Russell L. Heggem, Daniel T. Jones, K. Bruce Kaufmann, Philip R. Moore, Steven B. Gregory, Sandra J. TI Quantifying structural physical habitat attributes using LIDAR and hyperspectral imagery SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Physical habitat; LIDAR; Hyperspectral; Stream; Channel morphology; Riparian ID HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; REGIONAL STREAM SURVEYS; CANOPY-HEIGHT; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; AVIRIS IMAGERY; FOREST STANDS; WOODY DEBRIS; CLASSIFICATION AB Structural physical habitat attributes include indices of stream size, channel gradient, substrate size, habitat complexity, and riparian vegetation cover and structure. The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) is designed to assess the status and trends of ecological resources at different scales. High-resolution remote sensing provides unique capabilities in detecting a variety of features and indicators of environmental health and condition. LIDAR is an airborne scanning laser system that provides data on topography, channel dimensions (width, depth), slope, channel complexity (residual pools, volume, morphometric complexity, hydraulic roughness), riparian vegetation (height and density), dimensions of riparian zone, anthropogenic alterations and disturbances, and channel and riparian interaction. Hyperspectral aerial imagery offers the advantage of high spectral and spatial resolution allowing for the detection and identification of riparian vegetation and natural and anthropogenic features at a resolution not possible with satellite imagery. When combined, or fused, these technologies comprise a powerful geospatial data set for assessing and monitoring lentic and lotic environmental characteristics and condition. C1 [Hall, Robert K.] USEPA Reg IX, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Watkins, Russell L.] Univ Florida, Sea Grant Coll Program, Boating & Waterway Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Heggem, Daniel T.] USEPA ORD NERL ESD, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Jones, K. Bruce] USGS Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.] USEPA ORD NHEERL WED, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Moore, Steven B.; Gregory, Sandra J.] Bur Land Management, Reno, NV 89520 USA. RP Hall, RK (reprint author), USEPA Reg IX, WTR2,75 Hawthorne St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM hall.robertk@epa.gov OI Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 FU U.S., Department of Interior (DoI); Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Nevada Office, Reno, Nevada; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research & Development's Regional Research Partnership Program FX This document has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0613-y PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516GO UT WOS:000271530400006 PM 19165614 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Stromborg, KL AF Heinz, Gary H. Stromborg, Kenneth L. TI Further declines in organochlorines in eggs of red-breasted mergansers from Lake Michigan, 1977-1978 versus 1990 versus 2002 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Red-breasted merganser; Mergus serrator; Organochlorines; Contaminants; Monitoring; Lake Michigan ID GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; BALD EAGLES; RESIDUES; WISCONSIN; SUPERIOR; TRENDS; BIRDS AB From 1977-1978 to 1990, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and most organochlorine pesticides declined in eggs of red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) nesting on islands in northwestern Lake Michigan. Further declines took place between 1990 and 2002. Between 1977-1978 and 1990 total PCBs decreased 60% (from 21 to 8.5 mu g/g, wet weight). An additional decline of 46% took place between 1990 and 2002 (8.5 to 4.6 mu g/g). Between 1977-1978 and 1990 p,p (')-DDE decreased 66% (from 6.5 to 2.2 mu g/g), and from 1990 to 2002 an additional decline of 36% took place (from 2.2 to 1.4 mu g/g). Between 1977-1978 and 1990 dieldrin decreased only 16% (from 0.82 to 0.69 mu g/g), but from 1990 to 2002 a 96% decrease occurred (from 0.69 to 0.03 mu g/g). C1 [Heinz, Gary H.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stromborg, Kenneth L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gheinz@usgs.gov FU Division of Environmental Quality FX Financial support for this study was provided, in part, by the Division of Environmental Quality, Region 3, US Fish and Wildlife Service. D. S. Miller and B. Ebert helped with the 1990 egg collection, and C. Wilke assisted with the 2002 egg collection. We appreciate discussions we had with Donald White and Raymond Faber concerning their earlier analyses of red-breasted merganser eggs. Katie Stebbins assisted with a survey of the literature. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0619-5 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516GO UT WOS:000271530400012 PM 18974941 ER PT J AU Asmus, B Magner, JA Vondracek, B Perry, J AF Asmus, Brenda Magner, Joseph A. Vondracek, Bruce Perry, Jim TI Physical integrity: the missing link in biological monitoring and TMDLs SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE Channel stability; Sediment; Biotic impairment; Low-gradient alluvial streams; Habitat assessment ID INCISED CHANNEL EVOLUTION; STREAM FISH COMMUNITIES; GRAVEL-BED CHANNELS; GLACIER-FED STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; HABITAT STABILITY; RIVER FLOODPLAIN AB The Clean Water Act mandates that the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of our nation's waters be maintained and restored. Physical integrity has often been defined as physical habitat integrity, and as such, data collected during biological monitoring programs focus primarily on habitat quality. However, we argue that channel stability is a more appropriate measure of physical integrity and that channel stability is a foundational element of physical habitat integrity in low-gradient alluvial streams. We highlight assessment tools that could supplement stream assessments and the Total Maximum Daily Load stressor identification process: field surveys of bankfull cross-sections; longitudinal thalweg profiles; particle size distribution; and regionally calibrated, visual, stream stability assessments. Benefits of measuring channel stability include a more informed selection of reference or best attainable stream condition for an Index of Biotic Integrity, establishment of a baseline for monitoring changes in present and future condition, and indication of channel stability for investigations of chemical and biological impairments associated with sediment discontinuity and loss of habitat quality. C1 [Asmus, Brenda] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Magner, Joseph A.; Perry, Jim] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Asmus, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci Program, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM asmus024@umn.edu FU United States Protection Agency; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; United States Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83136601-1] FX We thank David E. Andersen, Richard L. Kiesling, and John Swartz who read an earlier draft of this manuscript and provided thoughtful and constructive comments. We also thank an anonymous reviewer who edited the manuscript and offered suggestions that better defined the scope of this article and increased clarity. This paper was written in support of a broader research project funded by the United States Protection Agency and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through grant/cooperative agreement RD-83136601-1 to the University of Minnesota, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 127 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 443 EP 463 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0642-6 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516GO UT WOS:000271530400035 PM 19142740 ER PT J AU Painter, MM Buerkley, MA Julius, ML Vajda, AM Norris, DO Barber, LB Furlong, ET Schultz, MM Schoenfuss, HL AF Painter, Meghan M. Buerkley, Megan A. Julius, Matthew L. Vajda, Alan M. Norris, David O. Barber, Larry B. Furlong, Edward T. Schultz, Melissa M. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI ANTIDEPRESSANTS AT ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS AFFECT PREDATOR AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR OF LARVAL FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals mixtures; Behavior; Larvae; Embryos; Fathead minnow ID CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATORS; MAUTHNER CELL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHARMACEUTICALS; SEROTONIN; NETWORK; FISH; CONTAMINANTS; PERFORMANCE; LOCOMOTION AB The effects of embryonic and larval exposure to environmentally relevant (ng/L)concentrations of common antidepressants, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, and bupropion (singularly and in mixture) on C-start escape behavior were evaluated in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Embryos (postfertilization until hatching) were exposed for 5 d and, after hatching, were allowed to grow in control well water until 12 d old. Similarly, posthatch fathead minnows were exposed for 12 d to these compounds. High-speed (1,000 frames/s) video recordings of escape behavior were collected and transferred to National Institutes of Health Image for frame-by-frame analysis of latency periods, escape velocities, and total escape response (combination of latency period and escape velocity). When tested 12 d posthatch, fluoxetine and venlafaxine adversely affected C-start performance of larvae exposed as embryos. Conversely, larvae exposed for 12 d posthatch did not exhibit altered escape responses when exposed to fluoxetine but were affected by venlafaxine and bupropion exposure. Mixtures of these four antidepressant pharmaceuticals slowed predator avoidance behaviors in larval fathead minnows regardless of the exposure window. The direct impact of reduced C-start performance on survival and, ultimately, reproductive fitness provides an avenue to assess the ecological relevance of exposure in an assay of relatively short duration. C1 [Painter, Meghan M.; Buerkley, Megan A.; Julius, Matthew L.; Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Vajda, Alan M.; Norris, David O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schultz, Melissa M.] Coll Wooster, Dept Chem, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, 720 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R832741-01-0]; Saint Cloud State University Office of Sponsored Research; George Friedrich Endowed Wildlife Protection FX This research was supported by a Science To Achieve Results grant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA, R832741-01-0), Saint Cloud State University Office of Sponsored Research, and George Friedrich Endowed Wildlife Protection Fund. We thank M. Smith (U.S. EPA) for developing protocols for larval care. We greatly appreciate the assistance of L. Onyiah in optimizing our statistical analyses. Excellent laboratory assistance was provided by T. Loes II and J. L. Painter. The comments from two anonymous reviewers improved the final manuscript. Use of trade, firm, or product names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 7 U2 87 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2677 EP 2684 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 518LO UT WOS:000271694000024 PM 19405782 ER PT J AU Monroe, JB Baxter, CV Olden, JD Angermeier, PL AF Monroe, Jeremy B. Baxter, Colden V. Olden, Julian D. Angermeier, Paul L. TI Freshwaters in the Public Eye: Understanding the Role of Images and Media in Aquatic Conservation SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FISH C1 [Monroe, Jeremy B.] Freshwaters Illustrated, Corvallis, OR USA. [Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Monroe, JB (reprint author), Freshwaters Illustrated, Corvallis, OR USA. EM jeremy@freshwatersillustrated.org RI Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 12 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.12.581 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZI UT WOS:000277113000002 ER PT J AU Hewitt, DA Link, JS Wahl, DH Cooke, SJ Mather, ME AF Hewitt, David A. Link, Jason S. Wahl, David H. Cooke, Steven J. Mather, Martha E. TI Maintaining the Competitiveness of the American Fisheries Society Journals: An Assessment Based on Influence and Cost-Effectiveness SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID OPEN-ACCESS; SCIENCE; MARINE AB Recent changes in the landscape of scientific publishing prompted the Publications Overview Committee of the American Fisheries Society (AFS) to review the Society's portfolio of scientific journals. We evaluated journals based on metrics in two categories: (1) citation-based measures of the influence of a journal on the scientific literature, and (2) measures of the cost-effectiveness of a journal (citation rate adjusted for subscription cost). Over the long-term, we found that ecology journals had far stronger citation-based influence than fisheries and aquatic sciences journals, and that journals publishing primarily basic research had stronger influence than journals publishing applied research (including four AFS journals and Fisheries magazine). In evaluating the current status of fisheries and aquatic sciences journals, we found that metrics of influence and cost-effectiveness provided considerably different portrayals of journals relative to their peers. In terms of citation-based influence, we found that the AFS journal Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (TAFS) and Fisheries magazine were competitive with highly regarded peer fisheries journals, but that North American Journal of Aquaculture (NAJA) and Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (JAAH) were less influential than their peers. The citation-based influence of North American Journal of Fisheries Management (NAJFM) was intermediate between TAFS/Fisheries and NAJA/JAAH. For journals like NAJFM and NAJA, we expect that much of the scientific influence on policy and management is not captured by citations in the primary literature, and alternative methods of evaluation may be needed. All of the AFS journals ranked highly with regard to cost-effectiveness because their subscription costs are low, and these rankings are in accordance with membership needs and the strategic mission of AFS to provide broad and timely dissemination of scientific information. We conclude by suggesting ways to increase the influence of AFS journals without compromising their accessibility and affordability, and offer advice about methods and frequency for future journal evaluations. C1 [Hewitt, David A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR USA. [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wahl, David H.] Univ Illinois, Sam Parr Biol Stat Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Sullivan, IL USA. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Hewitt, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR USA. EM dhewitt@usgs.gov RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010; OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659; Hewitt, David/0000-0002-5387-0275 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 12 BP 598 EP 606 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.12.598 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZI UT WOS:000277113000004 ER PT J AU Gates, KK Guy, CS Zale, AV Horton, TB AF Gates, K. K. Guy, C. S. Zale, A. V. Horton, T. B. TI Angler awareness of aquatic nuisance species and potential transport mechanisms SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE access sites; anglers; invasive species; Myxobolus cerebralis; soil transport; whirling disease ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; WHIRLING DISEASE; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; ZEBRA MUSSEL; GREAT-LAKES; WILD TROUT; INVASION; SPECIALIZATION; PATTERNS; MYXOSPORES AB P>The role anglers play in transporting aquatic nuisance species (ANS) is important in managing infestations and preventing introductions. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify angler movement patterns in southwestern Montana, ANS awareness and equipment cleaning practices; and (2) quantify the amount of soil transported on boots and waders. Mean distance travelled by residents from their home to the survey site was 115 km (+/- 17, 95% CI). Mean distance travelled by non-residents was 1738 km (+/- 74). Fifty-one percent of residents and 49% of non-residents reported occasionally, rarely or never cleaning their boots and waders between uses. Mean weight of soil carried on one boot leg was 8.39 g (+/- 1.50). Movement and equipment cleaning practices of anglers in southwestern Montana suggest that future control of ANS dispersal may require restricting the use of felt-soled wading boots, requiring river-specific wading equipment or providing cleaning stations and requiring their use. C1 [Gates, K. K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59171 USA. [Horton, T. B.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT USA. RP Gates, KK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59171 USA. EM kgates@montana.edu NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00694.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 519QI UT WOS:000271781800003 ER PT J AU Rahel, RF Rahel, FJ Hubert, WA AF Rahel, R. F. Rahel, F. J. Hubert, W. A. TI Complex influences of low-head dams and artificial wetlands on fishes in a Colorado River tributary system SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial wetlands; dams; fish; fragmentation; impoundment; invasive species ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; NONNATIVE FISH; CONSERVATION; RESERVOIRS; BARRIERS; STREAMS; CONNECTIVITY; ASSEMBLAGES; MANAGEMENT; BASIN AB P>Low-head dams in arid regions restrict fish movement and create novel habitats that have complex effects on fish assemblages. The influence of low-head dams and artificial wetlands on fishes in Muddy Creek, a tributary of the Colorado River system in the USA was examined. Upstream, fish assemblages were dominated by native species including two species of conservation concern, bluehead sucker, Catostomus discobolus Cope, and roundtail chub, Gila robusta Baird and Girard. The artificial wetlands contained almost exclusively non-native fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, and white sucker, Catostomus commersonii (Lacepede). Downstream, fish assemblages were dominated by non-native species. Upstream spawning migrations by non-native white suckers were blocked by dams associated with the wetlands. However, the wetlands do not provide habitat for native fishes and likely inhibit fish movement. The wetlands appear to be a source habitat for non-native fishes and a sink habitat for native fishes. Two non-native species, sand shiner, Notropis stramineus (Cope), and redside shiner, Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson), were present only downstream of the wetlands, suggesting a beneficial role of the wetlands in preventing upstream colonisation by non-native fishes. C1 [Rahel, R. F.; Rahel, F. J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hubert, W. A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Rahel, FJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM frahel@uwyo.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX This research was facilitated by M.R. Bower and L. Hicks. J. Herreman provided field assistance. R.E. Beiswenger, D.C. Dauwalter, M. Gorges, C. Paukert and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00695.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 519QI UT WOS:000271781800004 ER PT J AU Brock, JC Lavoie, DL Poore, RZ AF Brock, John C. Lavoie, Dawn L. Poore, Richard Z. TI Introduction to "Northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystem change and hazards susceptibility" SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The northern Gulf of Mexico and its diverse natural resources are threatened by population and development pressure, and by the impacts of rising sea level and severe storms. In the wake of the devastating 2005 hurricane season, and in response to the complex management issues facing the region, the U.S. Geological Survey organized the multidisciplinary "Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazards Susceptibility" project. This special issue of Geo-Marine Letters hosts a few of the early results in the form of 11 papers covering three themes: (1) the control exerted by the underlying geologic framework on geomorphology and nearshore processes and features; (2) impact of human activities on nearshore water quality; and (3) hurricanes and associated effects. C1 [Lavoie, Dawn L.] US Geol Survey, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 915B, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lavoie, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Bldg 1100,Room 108, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. EM dlavoie@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0170-6 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800001 ER PT J AU Twichell, D Pendleton, E Baldwin, W Flocks, J AF Twichell, David Pendleton, Elizabeth Baldwin, Wayne Flocks, James TI Subsurface control on seafloor erosional processes offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIPPLED SCOUR DEPRESSIONS; INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SHALLOW GAS; DELTA PLAIN; SEDIMENTS; RIA AB The Chandeleur Islands lie on the eastern side of the modern Mississippi River delta plain, near the edge of the St. Bernard Delta complex. Since abandonment approximately 2,000 years b.p., this delta complex has undergone subsidence and ravinement as the shoreline has transgressed across it. High-resolution seismic-reflection, sidescan-sonar, and bathymetry data show that seafloor erosion is influenced by locally variable shallow stratigraphy. The data reveal two general populations of shallow erosional depressions, either linear or subcircular in shape. Linear depressions occur primarily where sandy distributary-channel deposits are exposed on the seafloor. The subcircular pits are concentrated in areas where delta-front deposits crop out, and occasional seismic blanking indicates that gas is present. The difference in erosional patterns suggests that delta-front and distributary-channel deposits respond uniquely to wave and current energy expended on the inner shelf, particularly during stormy periods. Linear depressions may be the result of the sandy distributary-channel deposits eroding more readily by waves and coastal currents than the surrounding delta-front deposits. Pits may develop as gas discharge or liquefaction occurs within fine-grained delta-front deposits, causing seafloor collapse. These detailed observations suggest that ravinement of this inner shelf surface may be ongoing, is controlled by the underlying stratigraphy, and has varied morphologic expression. C1 [Twichell, David; Pendleton, Elizabeth; Baldwin, Wayne] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Flocks, James] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Twichell, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Quissett Campus,384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dtwichell@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Louisiana Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Geological Survey FX We acknowledge the assistance of the captains and crews of the R/V Acadiana and R/V Gilbert along with the USGS technicians Dana Wiese, Charles Worley, Emile Bergeron, and William Danforth for their skilled assistance in the collection of this dataset. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program (a partnership between the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), and the U.S. Geological Survey. The paper has benefited from constructive reviews by C. Hapke, B. Gutierrez, and two anonymous reviewers. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0150-x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800002 ER PT J AU Flocks, J Miner, MD Twichell, DC Lavoie, DL Kindinger, J AF Flocks, James Miner, Michael D. Twichell, David C. Lavoie, Dawn L. Kindinger, Jack TI Evolution and preservation potential of fluvial and transgressive deposits on the Louisiana inner shelf: understanding depositional processes to support coastal management SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; DYNAMIC CHANGES; PLAIN; SHORELINE; SYSTEMS; MEXICO; INLET; GULF AB The barrier-island systems of the Mississippi River Delta plain are currently undergoing some of the highest rates of shoreline retreat in North America (similar to 20 m/year). Effective management of this coastal area requires an understanding of the processes involved in shoreline erosion and measures that can be enacted to reduce loss. The dominant stratigraphy of the delta plain is fluvial mud (silts and clays), delivered in suspension via a series of shallow-water delta lobes that prograded across the shelf throughout the Holocene. Abandonment of a delta lobe through avulsion leads to rapid land subsidence through compaction within the muddy framework. As the deltaic headland subsides below sea level, the marine environment transgresses the bays and wetlands, reworking the available sands into transgressive barrier shorelines. This natural process is further complicated by numerous factors: (1) global sea-level rise; (2) reduced sediment load within the Mississippi River; (3) diversion of the sediment load away from the barrier shorelines to the deep shelf; (4) storm-induced erosion; and (5) human alteration of the littoral process through the construction of hardened shorelines, canals, and other activities. This suite of factors has led to the deterioration of the barrier-island systems that protect interior wetlands and human infrastructure from normal wave activity and periodic storm impact. Interior wetland loss results in an increased tidal prism and inlet cross-sectional areas, and expanding ebb-tidal deltas, which removes sand from the littoral processes through diversion and sequestration. Shoreface erosion of the deltaic headlands does not provide sufficient sand to balance the loss, resulting in thinning and dislocation of the islands. Abatement measures include replenishing lost sediment with similar material, excavated from discrete sandy deposits within the muddy delta plain. These sand bodies were deposited by the same cyclical processes that formed the barrier islands, and understanding these processes is necessary to characterize their location, extent, and resource potential. In this paper we demonstrate the dominant fluvial and marine-transgressive depositional processes that occur on the inner shelf, and identify the preservation and resource potential of fluvio-deltaic deposits for coastal management in Louisiana. C1 [Flocks, James; Kindinger, Jack] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Miner, Michael D.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Twichell, David C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lavoie, Dawn L.] US Geol Survey, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Flocks, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jflocks@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of New Orleans; Louisiana Department of Natural Resource; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This paper includes a number of studies conducted and/or funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of New Orleans, the Louisiana Department of Natural Resource, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The authors would like to thank these agencies for their support, and Shea Penland for his significant contributions to coastal geology. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 359 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0164-4 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800003 ER PT J AU Osterman, LE Twichell, DC Poore, RZ AF Osterman, Lisa E. Twichell, David C. Poore, Richard Z. TI Holocene evolution of Apalachicola Bay, Florida SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHEASTERN GULF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; REGION AB A program of geophysical mapping and vibracoring was conducted to better understand the geologic evolution of Apalachicola Bay. Analyses of the geophysical data and sediment cores along with age control provided by 34 AMS (14)C dates on marine shells and wood reveal the following history. As sea level rose in the early Holocene, fluvial deposits filled the Apalachicola River paleochannel, which extended southward under the central part of the bay and seaward across the continental shelf. Sediments to either side of the paleochannel contain abundant wood fragments, with dates documenting that those areas were forested at 8,000 (14)C years b.p. As sea level continued to rise, spits formed of headland prodelta deposits. Between similar to 6,400 and similar to 2,500 (14)C years b.p., an Apalachicola prodelta prograded and receded several times across the inner shelf that underlies the western part of the bay. An eastern deltaic lobe was active for a shorter time, between similar to 5,800 and 5,100 (14)C years b.p. Estuarine benthic foraminiferal assemblages occurred in the western bay as early as 6,400 (14)C years b.p., and indicate that there was some physical barrier to open-ocean circulation and shelf species established by that time. It is considered that shoals formed in the region of the present barrier islands as the rising sea flooded an interstream divide. Estuarine conditions were established very early in the post-glacial flooding of the bay. C1 [Osterman, Lisa E.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Twichell, David C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Osterman, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM osterman@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0159-1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800005 ER PT J AU Osterman, LE Poore, RZ Swarzenski, PW Senn, DB DiMarco, SF AF Osterman, Lisa E. Poore, Richard Z. Swarzenski, Peter W. Senn, David B. DiMarco, Steven F. TI The 20th-century development and expansion of Louisiana shelf hypoxia, Gulf of Mexico SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL COMMUNITY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OXYGEN DEPLETION; ADRIATIC SEA; HISTORICAL TRENDS; SEASONAL HYPOXIA; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ORGANIC-MATTER; BOTTOM-WATER AB Since systematic measurements of Louisiana continental-shelf waters were initiated in 1985, hypoxia (oxygen content < 2 mg L(-1)) has increased considerably in an area termed the dead zone. Monitoring and modeling studies have concluded that the expansion of the Louisiana shelf dead zone is related to increased anthropogenically derived nutrient delivery from the Mississippi River drainage basin, physical and hydrographical changes of the Louisiana Shelf, and possibly coastal erosion of wetlands in southern Louisiana. In order to track the development and expansion of seasonal low-oxygen conditions on the Louisiana shelf prior to 1985, we used a specific low-oxygen foraminiferal faunal proxy, the PEB index, which has been shown statistically to represent the modern Louisiana hypoxia zone. We constructed a network of 13 PEB records with excess (210)Pb-derived chronologies to establish the development of low-oxygen and hypoxic conditions over a large portion of the modern dead zone for the last 100 years. The PEB index record indicates that areas of low-oxygen bottom water began to appear in the early 1910s in isolated hotspots near the Mississippi Delta and rapidly expanded across the entire Louisiana shelf beginning in the 1950s. Since similar to 1950, the percentage of PEB species has steadily increased over a large portion of the modern dead zone. By 1960, subsurface low-oxygen conditions were occurring seasonally over a large part of the geographic area now known as the dead zone. The long-term trends in the PEB index are consistent with the 20th-century observational and proxy data for low oxygen and hypoxia. C1 [Osterman, Lisa E.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Senn, David B.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-6407 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. [DiMarco, Steven F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Osterman, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM osterman@usgs.gov RI Senn, David/E-7813-2010; DiMarco, Steven/D-3650-2012 OI DiMarco, Steven/0000-0002-4394-9094 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We acknowledge the help of Steve Rabalais, Joe Malbrough, and the captain and crew of the R/V Pelican for help with our coring efforts over the years. We thank Wendy Kelly, Marci Marot, Katie Merriweather, Chris Reich, John Ricardo, Amy Spaziani, and Jackie Smith for assistance in the field and in the lab. The Earth Surface Dynamics and Coastal and Marine Geology Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey provided funding for this work. The senior author gratefully acknowledges the thoughtful discussions with R. Eugene Turner that resulted in a better manuscript. We also appreciate helpful comments by Laurel Collins and Kathy Tedesco. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0158-2 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800006 ER PT J AU Rosenbauer, RJ Swarzenski, PW Kendall, C Orem, WH Hostettler, FD Rollog, ME AF Rosenbauer, Robert J. Swarzenski, Peter W. Kendall, Carol Orem, William H. Hostettler, Frances D. Rollog, Mark E. TI A carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elemental and isotopic study in dated sediment cores from the Louisiana Shelf SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BACTERIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; MULTIPLE STABLE-ISOTOPE; LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE AB Three sediment cores were collected off the Mississippi River delta on the Louisiana Shelf at sites that are variably influenced by recurring, summer-time water-column hypoxia and fluvial loadings. The cores, with established chronology, were analyzed for their respective carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elemental and isotopic composition to examine variable organic matter inputs, and to assess the sediment record for possible evidence of hypoxic events. Sediment from site MRJ03-3, which is located close to the Mississippi Canyon and generally not influenced by summer-time hypoxia, is typical of marine sediment in that it contains mostly marine algae and fine-grained material from the erosion of terrestrial C4 plants. Sediment from site MRJ03-2, located closer to the mouth of the Mississippi River and at the periphery of the hypoxic zone (annual recurrence of summer-time hypoxia > 50%), is similar in composition to core MRJ03-3, but exhibits more isotopic and elemental variability down-core, suggesting that this site is more directly influenced by river discharge. Site MRJ03-5 is located in an area of recurring hypoxia (annual recurrence > 75%), and is isotopically and elementally distinct from the other two cores. The carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of this core prior to 1960 is similar to average particulate organic matter from the lower Mississippi River, and approaches the composition of C3 plants. This site likely receives a greater input of local terrestrial organic matter to the sediment. After 1960 and to the present, a gradual shift to higher values of delta(13)C and delta(15)N and lower C:N ratios suggests that algal input to these shelf sediments increased as a result of increased productivity and hypoxia. The values of C:S and delta(34)S reflect site-specific processes that may be influenced by the higher likelihood of recurring seasonal hypoxia. In particular, the temporal variations in the C:S and delta(34)S down-core are likely caused by changes in the rate of sulfate reduction, and hence the degree of hypoxia in the overlying water column. Based principally on the down-core C:N and C:S ratios and delta(13)C and delta(34)S profiles, sites MRJ03-3 and MRJ03-2 generally reflect more marine organic matter inputs, while site MRJ03-5 appears to be more influenced by terrestrial deposition. C1 [Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Kendall, Carol; Hostettler, Frances D.; Rollog, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95065 USA. RP Rosenbauer, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM brosenbauer@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; National Research Program FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program (John Haines, Program Coordinator) and the National Research Program. The following personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey assisted in sampling and/or laboratory analysis: Marissa Beck, Margo Corum, Anne Bates, Harry Lerch, and Jennifer Dougherty. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0151-9 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800007 ER PT J AU Mize, SV Demcheck, DK AF Mize, Scott V. Demcheck, Dennis K. TI Water quality and phytoplankton communities in Lake Pontchartrain during and after the Bonnet Carr, Spillway opening, April to October 2008, in Louisiana, USA SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ESTUARY; EUTROPHICATION AB The Bonnet Carr, Spillway, located 28 miles northwest of New Orleans, was constructed in the early 1930s as part of an integrated flood-control system for the lower Mississippi River system. From 11 April to 8 May 2008, Mississippi River water was diverted through the spillway into the 629-square-mile Lake Pontchartrain, which is hydraulically connected to the Gulf of Mexico. On 8 April, prior to the opening of the spillway, water-quality instruments were deployed and recorded hourly measurements of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pH, and nitrate. Discrete water-quality and phytoplankton (algae) samples were collected in Lake Pontchartrain from 8 April to 3 October 2008 to assess the water-quality nutrient enrichment effects of the diversion on the lake. The maximum influence of river water in the southern portion of the lake was captured with continuous (hourly) monitoring of nitrate concentrations, and field measurements such as of specific conductance during the critical period in late April to early May. By late May, the deployed instruments had recorded the arrival, peak, and decline of selected constituents associated with the freshwater influx from the Mississippi River/Bonnet Carr, Spillway diversion. The continuous monitoring data showed the short-term interactions of high-nitrate, low-specific conductance river water and low-nitrate, high-specific conductance lake water. The phytoplankton community composition, as an indicator of water quality, illustrated an extended response from the river water evident even after the continuous and discrete samples indicated that the lake had returned to pre-diversion conditions. The initial phytoplankton community response to nutrient increases was related to accumulations of diatoms. During periods of low nutrient concentrations, accumulations of blue-greens occurred by July and August. As blue-green algae cell densities and biovolumes increased in the summer, so did the species richness of blue-green algae, particularly the harmful algae bloom taxa. Cell densities and biovolume of the phytoplankton lake indicator taxa Skeletonema costatum, Anabaena sp., and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were highest and dominated the diatom and blue-green algae communities during the period of most river water influence on the lake and immediately following the freshwater inflows. The dominance and recession of these indictor taxa reflect the dramatic changes that occurred in the phytoplankton community in response to an increase in nutrient-rich freshwater from the diversion into the lake, and not normal seasonal phytoplankton compositional differences. Water-quality data indicated a gradual reversion to pre-diversion lake conditions by June to July, but shifts in the phytoplankton composition were still evident through August 2008. Observations from this study were similar to results from previous studies of Mississippi River/Bonnet Carr, Spillway diversion opening in 1997. C1 [Mize, Scott V.; Demcheck, Dennis K.] US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. RP Mize, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3535 S Sherwood Forest Blvd,Suite 120, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. EM svmize@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, New Orleans District FX The authors would like to thank the Greater New Orleans Expressway Commission for allowing access to crossovers on the Causeway Bridge. The authors also thank Rodney Mach, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, New Orleans District, for project development, support, and assistance with study design. Appreciation is extended to the following USGS employees: Charlie Patton of the National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, CO; Kevin Grimsley of the Louisiana Water Science Center in Baton Rouge, LA, for project development and study design; Stan Skrobialowki and Mike Ross for assistance in data collection; and Dr. Chris Swarzenski, USGS, Baton Rouge, LA, and Dr. Bruce Moring, USGS, Austin, TX, for providing critical reviews that improved the quality of the paper. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0157-3 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800008 ER PT J AU Miner, MD Kulp, MA FitzGerald, DM Flocks, JG Weathers, HD AF Miner, Michael D. Kulp, Mark A. FitzGerald, Duncan M. Flocks, James G. Weathers, H. Dallon TI Delta lobe degradation and hurricane impacts governing large-scale coastal behavior, South-central Louisiana, USA SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SHELF; PLAIN; MODEL AB A large deficit in the coastal sediment budget, high rates of relative sea-level rise (similar to 0.9 cm/year), and storm-induced current and wave erosion are forcing barrier shoreface retreat along the periphery of the Mississippi River delta plain. Additionally, conversion of interior wetlands to open water has increased the bay tidal prism, resulting in degradation of barrier islands due to inlet widening, formation of new inlets, and sediment sequestration at ebb-tidal deltas. Single-beam bathymetric surveys along a 165-km stretch of south-central Louisiana barrier coast, from Raccoon Point in Terrebonne Parish to Sandy Point in Plaquemines Parish, were conducted in 2006. These data, combined with historical bathymetry from three time periods (dating to the 1880s), provide a series of digital elevation models that were used to calculate sediment volumetric changes and determine long-term erosional-depositional trends. Dominant patterns during the 125-year period include (1) erosion of similar to 1.6 x 10(9) m(3) from the shoreface, forcing up to 3 km of shoreface retreat, (2) sediment deposition in coastal bights and at ebb-tidal deltas, and (3) a combined increase in tidal inlet cross-sectional area from similar to 41,400 m(2) to similar to 139,500 m(2). Bathymetric and shoreline change datasets separated by shorter time periods (sub-annual) demonstrate that these long-term trends are driven by processes associated with major hurricane impacts, and that rates of shoreface erosion are an order of magnitude greater during active hurricane seasons compared to long-term trends. C1 [Miner, Michael D.; Kulp, Mark A.; Weathers, H. Dallon] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Kulp, Mark A.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [FitzGerald, Duncan M.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Flocks, James G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Miner, MD (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, 2000 Lakeshore Dr, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM mminer@uno.edu FU Louisiana Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration's (OCPR); Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring Program (BICM); LDNR Interagency [2512-06-06]; U.S. Geological Survey Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) FX This work was funded under the Louisiana Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration's (OCPR) Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring Program (BICM) through the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program (LCA S&T), a partnership between OCPR and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. BICM funding was provided to UNO under LDNR Interagency Agreement No. 2512-06-06. Funding was also provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. Thanks to J. Motti, P. McCarty, and M. Brown at the University of New Orleans Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences (UNO-PIES), and N. DeWitt, B. J. Reynolds, D. Weise, and N. Ferina at USGS Florida Integrated Science Center for conducting bathymetric surveys and processing bathymetric data; L. Martinez at UNO-PIES for providing shoreline data; and J. List at USGS for providing historical bathymetric grid files. Many of the ideas presented here benefited from conversations with Shea Penland, Abby Sallenger, Darin Lee, Syed Khalil, and Nick Howes. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 441 EP 453 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0156-4 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800009 ER PT J AU Poore, RZ DeLong, KL Richey, JN Quinn, TM AF Poore, Richard Z. DeLong, Kristine L. Richey, Julie N. Quinn, Terrence M. TI Evidence of multidecadal climate variability and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation from a Gulf of Mexico sea-surface temperature-proxy record SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A comparison of a Mg/Ca-based sea-surface temperature (SST)-anomaly record from the northern Gulf of Mexico, a calculated index of variability in observed North Atlantic SST known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and a tree-ring reconstruction of the AMO contain similar patterns of variation over the last 110 years. Thus, the multidecadal variability observed in the instrumental record is present in the tree-ring and Mg/Ca proxy data. Frequency analysis of the Gulf of Mexico SST record and the tree-ring AMO reconstruction from 1550 to 1990 found similar multidecadal-scale periodicities (similar to 30-60 years). This multidecadal periodicity is about half the observed (60-80 years) variability identified in the AMO for the 20th century. The historical records of hurricane landfalls reveal increased landfalls in the Gulf Coast region during time intervals when the AMO index is positive (warmer SST), and decreased landfalls when the AMO index is negative (cooler SST). Thus, we conclude that alternating intervals of high and low hurricane landfall occurrences may continue on multidecadal timescales along the northern Gulf Coast. However, given the short length of the instrumental record, the actual frequency and stability of the AMO are uncertain, and additional AMO proxy records are needed to establish the character of multidecadal-scale SST variability in the North Atlantic. C1 [Poore, Richard Z.; DeLong, Kristine L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Richey, Julie N.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Poore, RZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rpoore@usgs.gov RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; OI DeLong, Kristine/0000-0001-6320-421X; Richey, Julie/0000-0002-2319-7980 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1007/s00367-009-0154-6 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 521UL UT WOS:000271949800012 ER PT J AU Lardner, B Savidge, JA Rodda, GH Reed, RN AF Lardner, Bjoern Savidge, Julie A. Rodda, Gordon H. Reed, Robert N. TI PREY PREFERENCES AND PREY ACCEPTANCE IN JUVENILE BROWN TREESNAKES (BOIGA IRREGULARIS) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; Brown Treesnake; Carlia ailanpalai; Hemidactylus frenatus; Mus musculus; prey acceptance; prey preference AB On the Pacific island of Guam, control of the invasive Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) relies largely on methods that use mice as bait. Juvenile B. irregularis feed primarily on lizards and their eggs, but little is known about their prey preference. We conducted an experiment to investigate preferences for, and acceptance of, dead geckos, skinks, and neonatal mice, in juvenile B. irregularis ranging from 290 mm to ca. 700 mm snout-vent length (SVL). Snakes of all sizes showed a preference for geckos over skinks and neonatal mice. Geckos were the first prey chosen in 87% of 224 initial trials (56 snakes subjected to four trials each; 33% would be expected from a random choice). The smallest snakes had the most pronounced preference. Although many of the snakes accepted neonatal mice and/or skinks, some snakes of all sizes were reluctant to feed on anything but geckos, especially when well fed. We also addressed the hypothesis that repeated encounters with a particular prey type increase a snake's preference for that prey. Our study does not support this hypothesis. Our results suggest that control methods relying solely on rodent bait may be inefficient for targeting snakes < 700 mm SVL and that individual heterogeneity in prey preference may cause a significant part of this juvenile cohort to be completely refractory to capture with rodent bait, even if the bait is dead and small enough to be readily swallowed. C1 [Rodda, Gordon H.; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lardner, Bjoern; Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lardner, B (reprint author), Brown Treesnake Project, POB 8255,MOU 3, Dededo, GU 96912 USA. EM bjorn_lardner@usgs.gov FU Colorado State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [07-008A-01/02]; The US Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs FX Amy Yackel Adams and Tom Stanley shared their knowledge on statistical methods. Allen Hambrick, Thomas Hinkle, Pete Reynolds, Shane Siers and Arron Tuggle helped obtain lizards and snakes. Also the Brown Treesnake Rapid Response Team members led by James Stanford and our colleagues at the USDA-Wildlife Services, in particular Jesse Guerrero and Marc Hall, assisted in obtaining snakes. Amy Yackel Adams, Lea' Bonewell, Jon Loman, and Tom Mathies helped us improve the manuscript. This study took place under Colorado State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol #07-008A-01/02. The US Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs provided funding. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 BP 313 EP 323 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15RX UT WOS:000207820200004 ER PT J AU Waddle, JH Thigpen, TF Glorioso, BM AF Waddle, J. Hardin Thigpen, Tyler F. Glorioso, Brad M. TI EFFICACY OF AUTOMATIC VOCALIZATION RECOGNITION SOFTWARE FOR ANURAN MONITORING SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARS; automated recording system; frog call; machine learning; monitoring program; study design AB Surveys of vocalizations are a widely used method for monitoring anurans, but it can be difficult to coordinate standardized data collection across a large geographic area. Digital automated recording systems (ARS) offer a low-cost method for obtaining samples of anuran vocalizations, but the number of recordings can easily overwhelm human listeners. We tested Song Scope, an automatic vocalization recognition software program for personal computers to determine if this type of machine learning approach is currently a viable solution for anuran monitoring. For three species, Song Scope scanned more than 200 h of recordings in 3-20 h at the settings we chose. The software misidentified true calls (false positive) at rates of 2.7%-15.8% per species and failed to detect calls (false negative) in 45%-51% of recordings. There exists a tradeoff between false positive and false negative errors, which can be adjusted by setting the minimum criteria for the recognition software. Users of this approach should carefully consider their reasons for monitoring and how they intend to use the data before creating a large monitoring network. C1 [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Thigpen, Tyler F.; Glorioso, Brad M.] IAP Worldwide Serv Inc, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Waddle, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM waddleh@usgs.gov RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009; Glorioso, Brad/B-1688-2013 OI Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133; Glorioso, Brad/0000-0002-5400-7414 FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 BP 384 EP 388 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15RX UT WOS:000207820200013 ER PT J AU Weir, L Fiske, IJ Royle, JA AF Weir, Linda Fiske, Ian J. Royle, J. Andrew TI TRENDS IN ANURAN OCCUPANCY FROM NORTHEASTERN STATES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN AMPHIBIAN MONITORING PROGRAM SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian monitoring; calling survey; NAAMP; occupancy modeling; occupancy trends AB We present the first multi-year occupancy trends from North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) data in 10 northeastern states using seven years of data (2001-2007). NAAMP uses a calling survey technique where observers listen for anuran vocalizations along assigned random roadside routes. We were able to assess occupancy trends in 10 northeastern states for 16 species and one species complex, for 94 species/state combinations. We found no significant trends for 64 species/state combinations. For the remaining 30 species/state combinations with significant trends, these split between declining and increasing trends. On a species-by-species basis, two species had declining trends, with significant trends in six states for Pseudacris crucifer and four states for Bufo americanus. The trends of Rana catesbeiana significantly increased in four states, but had no trend in the remaining states. C1 [Weir, Linda; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Fiske, Ian J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Weir, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lweir@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 BP 389 EP 402 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15RX UT WOS:000207820200014 ER PT J AU Farrand, WH Glotch, TD Rice, JW Hurowitz, JA Swayze, GA AF Farrand, William H. Glotch, Timothy D. Rice, James W., Jr. Hurowitz, Joel A. Swayze, Gregg A. TI Discovery of jarosite within the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars: Implications for the geologic history of the region SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, Surface; Mineralogy; Spectroscopy ID OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MINERALS; DIVERSITY; HEMATITE AB Analysis of visible to near infrared reflectance data from the MRO CRISM hyperspectral imager has revealed the presence of an ovoid-shaped landform, approximately 3 by 5 km in size, within the layered terrains surrounding the Mawrth Vallis outflow channel. This feature has spectral absorption features consistent with the presence of the ferric sulfate mineral jarosite, specifically a K-bearing jarosite (KFe3(SO4)(2)(OH)(6)). Terrestrial jarosite is formed through the oxidation of iron sulfides in acidic environments or from basaltic precursor minerals with the addition of sulfur. Previously identified phyllosilicates in the Mawrth Vallis layered terrains include a basal sequence of layers containing Fe-Mg smectites and an upper set of layers of hydrated silica and aluminous phyllosilicates. In terms of its fine scale morphology revealed by MRO HiRISE imagery, the jarosite-bearing unit has fracture patterns very similar to that observed in Fe-Mg smectite-bearing layers, but unlike that observed in the Al-bearing phyllosilicate unit. The ovoid-shaped landform is situated in an east-west bowl-shaped depression superposed on a north sloping surface. Spectra of the ovoid-shaped jarosite-bearing landform also display an anomalously high 600 nm shoulder, which may be consistent with the presence of goethite and a 1.92 mu m absorption which could indicate the presence of ferrihydrite. Goethite, jarosite, and ferrihydrite can be co-precipitated and/ or form through transformation of schwertmannite, both processes generally occurring under low pH conditions (pH 2-4). To date, this location appears to be unique in the Mawrth Vallis region and could represent precipitation of jarosite in acidic, sulfur-rich ponded water during the waning stages of drying. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Glotch, Timothy D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rice, James W., Jr.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hurowitz, Joel A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Farrand, WH (reprint author), Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM farrand@spacescience.org FU NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program FX We thank Kim Lichtenberg of Washington University for doing the conversion to surface Lambert albedo for the CRISM data. Thanks to Ed Cloutis for providing some laboratory spectra through the University of Winnipeg Planetary Spectrophotometer Facility (PSF). This work was funded by NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program. NR 40 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2009 VL 204 IS 2 BP 478 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.014 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519AX UT WOS:000271738500010 ER PT J AU Soderblom, LA Brown, RH Soderblom, JM Barnes, JW Kirk, RL Sotin, C Jaumann, R Mackinnon, DJ Mackowski, DW Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Soderblom, Laurence A. Brown, Robert H. Soderblom, Jason M. Barnes, Jason W. Kirk, Randolph L. Sotin, Christophe Jaumann, Ralf Mackinnon, David J. Mackowski, Daniel W. Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. TI The geology of Hotei Regio, Titan: Correlation of Cassini VIMS and RADAR SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn; Titan; Geological processes ID HUYGENS PROBE; LANDING SITE; SURFACE; METHANE; AMMONIA; LIQUID; SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERE; DIVERSITY; SEARCH AB Joint Cassini VIMS and RADAR SAR data of similar to 700-km-wide Hotei Regio reveal a rich collection of geological features that correlate between the two sets of images. The degree of correlation is greater than anywhere else seen on Titan. Central to Hotei Regio is a basin filled with cryovolcanic flows that are anomalously bright in VIMS data (in particular at 5 mu m) and quite variable in roughness in SAR. The edges of the flows are dark in SAR data and appear to overrun a VIMS-bright substrate. SAR-stereo topography shows the flows to be viscous, 100-200 m thick. On its southern edge the basin is ringed by higher (similar to 1 km) mountainous terrain. The mountains show mixed texture in SAR data: some regions are extremely rough, exhibit low and spectrally neutral albedo in VIMS data and may be partly coated with darker hydrocarbons. Around the southern margin of Hotei Regio, the SAR image shows several large, dendritic, radar-bright channels that flow down from the mountainous terrain and terminate in dark blue patches. seen in VIMS images, whose infrared color is consistent with enrichment in water ice. The patches are in depressions that we interpret to be filled with fluvial deposits eroded and transported by liquid methane in the channels. In the VIMS images the dark blue patches are encased in a latticework of lighter bands that we suggest to demark a set of circumferential and radial fault systems bounding structural depressions. Conceivably the circular features are tectonic structures that are remnant from an ancient impact structure. We suggest that impact-generated structures may have simply served as zones of weakness; no direct causal connection, such as impact-induced volcanism, is implied. We also speculate that two large dark features lying on the northern margin of Hotei Regio could be calderas. In summary the preservation of such a broad suite of VIMS infrared color variations and the detailed correlation with features in the SAR image and SAR topography evidence a complex set of geological processes (pluvial. fluvial, tectonic, cryovolcanic, impact) that have likely remained active up to very recent geological time (< 10(4) year). That the cryovolcanic flows are excessively bright in the infrared, particularly at 5 mu m, might signal ongoing geological activity. One study [Nelson, R.M., and 28 colleagues, 2009. Icarus 199, 429-441] reported significant 2-mu m albedo changes in VIMS data for Hotei Arcus acquired between 2004 and 2006, that were interpreted as evidence for such activity. However in our review of that work, we do not agree that such evidence has yet been found. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Soderblom, Laurence A.; Kirk, Randolph L.; Mackinnon, David J.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Jason M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID USA. [Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Jaumann, Ralf] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, Ralf] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Geosci, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Mackowski, Daniel W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Soderblom, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM lsoderblom@usgs.gov RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Mackowski, Daniel/K-1917-2013; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 FU NASA FX We are grateful to Ralph Lorenz and Jani Radebaugh for thoughtful and constructive reviews. This research was carried out under funding from the Cassini Flight Project managed by the jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech for NASA. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2009 VL 204 IS 2 BP 610 EP 618 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.033 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519AX UT WOS:000271738500021 ER PT J AU Blanchong, JA Heisey, DM Scribner, KT Libants, SV Johnson, C Aiken, JM Langenberg, JA Samuel, MD AF Blanchong, Julie A. Heisey, Dennis M. Scribner, Kim T. Libants, Scot V. Johnson, Chad Aiken, Judd M. Langenberg, Julia A. Samuel, Michael D. TI Genetic susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in free-ranging white-tailed deer: Complement component C1q and Prnp polymorphisms SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE C1q; Candidate gene; Chronic wasting disease; Complement system; Conditional logistic regression; Prion; Prnp; Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; White-tailed deer ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRION PROTEIN; MULE DEER; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION ADMIXTURE; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; INCUBATION PERIOD; CLASSICAL PATHWAY AB The genetic basis of susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in free-ranging cervids is of great interest. Association studies of disease susceptibility in free-ranging populations, however, face considerable challenges including: the need for large sample sizes when disease is rare, animals of unknown pedigree create a risk of spurious results due to population admixture, and the inability to control disease exposure or dose. We used an innovative matched case-control design and conditional logistic regression to evaluate associations between polymorphisms of complement C1q and prion protein (Prnp) genes and CWD infection in white-tailed deer from the CWD endemic area in south-central Wisconsin. To reduce problems due to admixture or disease-risk confounding, we used neutral genetic (microsatellite) data to identify closely related CWD-positive (n = 68) and CWD-negative (n = 91) female deer to serve as matched cases and controls. Cases and controls were also matched on factors (sex, location, age) previously demonstrated to affect CWD infection risk. For Prnp, deer with at least one Serine (S) at amino acid 96 were significantly less likely to be CWD-positive relative to deer homozygous for Glycine (G). This is the first characterization of genes associated with the complement system in white-tailed deer. No tests for association between any C1q polymorphism and CWD infection were significant at p < 0.05. After controlling for Prnp, we found weak support for an elevated risk of CWD infection in deer with at least one Glycine (G) at amino acid 56 of the C1qC gene. While we documented numerous amino acid polymorphisms in C1q genes none appear to be strongly associated with CWD susceptibility. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Blanchong, Julie A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.; Libants, Scot V.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Chad; Aiken, Judd M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Langenberg, Julia A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Blanchong, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM julieb@iastate.edu RI Koynarski, Tsvetoslav/E-4800-2012 FU US Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center FX We thank Cathy Cullingham, Bryan Richards and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. We also thank the many volunteers and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources staff who collected deer tissue samples and the hunters who participated in CWD management. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1329 EP 1335 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.08.010 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 537HU UT WOS:000273104700036 PM 19723593 ER PT J AU Koontz, L Sexton, N Loomis, J AF Koontz, Lynne Sexton, Natalie Loomis, John TI Using Contingent Valuation to Estimate Benefits and Visitor Response to a Fee for Introducing a Visitor Shuttle System in Kilauea, Kauai SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Koontz, Lynne; Sexton, Natalie] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Loomis, John] Colo State Univ, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 542 EP 543 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 540DQ UT WOS:000273311400031 ER PT J AU Kery, M Dorazio, RM Soldaat, L van Strien, A Zuiderwijk, A Royle, JA AF Kery, Marc Dorazio, Robert M. Soldaat, Leo van Strien, Arco Zuiderwijk, Annie Royle, J. Andrew TI Trend estimation in populations with imperfect detection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; binomial mixture model; detectability; GLM; hierarchical model; lizard; metapopulation design; monitoring; trend ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LIKELIHOOD METHODS; SAMPLING-VARIANCE; TIME-SERIES; MODELS; CONSERVATION; TRAJECTORIES; BIRDS AB P>1. Trends of animal populations are of great interest in ecology but cannot be directly observed owing to imperfect detection. Binomial mixture models use replicated counts to estimate abundance, corrected for detection, in demographically closed populations. Here, we extend these models to open populations and illustrate them using sand lizard Lacerta agilis counts from the national Dutch reptile monitoring scheme. 2. Our model requires replicated counts from multiple sites in each of several periods, within which population closure is assumed. Counts are described by a hierarchical generalized linear model, where the state model deals with spatio-temporal patterns in true abundance and the observation model with imperfect counts, given that true state. We used WinBUGS to fit the model to lizard counts from 208 transects with 1-10 (mean 3) replicate surveys during each spring 1994-2005. 3. Our state model for abundance contained two independent log-linear Poisson regressions on year for coastal and inland sites, and random site effects to account for unexplained heterogeneity. The observation model for detection of an individual lizard contained effects of region, survey date, temperature, observer experience and random survey effects. 4. Lizard populations increased in both regions but more steeply on the coast. Detectability increased over the first few years of the study, was greater on the coast and for the most experienced observers, and highest around 1 June. Interestingly, the population increase inland was not detectable when the observed counts were analysed without account of detectability. The proportional increase between 1994 and 2005 in total lizard abundance across all sites was estimated at 86% (95% CRI 35-151). 5.Synthesis and applications. Open-population binomial mixture models are attractive for studying true population dynamics while explicitly accounting for the observation process, i.e. imperfect detection. We emphasize the important conceptual benefit provided by temporal replicate observations in terms of the interpretability of animal counts. C1 [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Soldaat, Leo; van Strien, Arco] Stat Netherlands, NL-2490 HA The Hague, Netherlands. [Zuiderwijk, Annie] RAVON Monitoring Network, NL-1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality FX The Dutch reptile monitoring is a joint scheme of RAVON and Statistics Netherlands financed by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality. We thank all volunteers for providing such a rich data set to serve as a case study. We furthermore thank F. Korner, M. Schaub, B.R. Schmidt and two referees for valuable comments. NR 48 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 15 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1163 EP 1172 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01724.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525DI UT WOS:000272193300004 ER PT J AU Rota, CT Fletcher, RJ Dorazio, RM Betts, MG AF Rota, Christopher T. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Dorazio, Robert M. Betts, Matthew G. TI Occupancy estimation and the closure assumption SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding birds; colonization; detection probability; dynamic models; extinction; metapopulation; point counts; removal models; robust design ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; BREEDING-SEASON; HABITAT; MODEL; CAPTURE; PROBABILITY; PARAMETERS; DISPERSAL; INFERENCE AB P> Recent advances in occupancy estimation that adjust for imperfect detection have provided substantial improvements over traditional approaches and are receiving considerable use in applied ecology. To estimate and adjust for detectability, occupancy modelling requires multiple surveys at a site and requires the assumption of 'closure' between surveys, i.e. no changes in occupancy between surveys. Violations of this assumption could bias parameter estimates; however, little work has assessed model sensitivity to violations of this assumption or how commonly such violations occur in nature. We apply a modelling procedure that can test for closure to two avian point-count data sets in Montana and New Hampshire, USA, that exemplify time-scales at which closure is often assumed. These data sets illustrate different sampling designs that allow testing for closure but are currently rarely employed in field investigations. Using a simulation study, we then evaluate the sensitivity of parameter estimates to changes in site occupancy and evaluate a power analysis developed for sampling designs that is aimed at limiting the likelihood of closure. Application of our approach to point-count data indicates that habitats may frequently be open to changes in site occupancy at time-scales typical of many occupancy investigations, with 71% and 100% of species investigated in Montana and New Hampshire respectively, showing violation of closure across time periods of 3 weeks and 8 days respectively. Simulations suggest that models assuming closure are sensitive to changes in occupancy. Power analyses further suggest that the modelling procedure we apply can effectively test for closure. Synthesis and applications. Our demonstration that sites may be open to changes in site occupancy over time-scales typical of many occupancy investigations, combined with the sensitivity of models to violations of the closure assumption, highlights the importance of properly addressing the closure assumption in both sampling designs and analysis. Furthermore, inappropriately applying closed models could have negative consequences when monitoring rare or declining species for conservation and management decisions, because violations of closure typically lead to overestimates of the probability of occurrence. C1 [Rota, Christopher T.; Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.; Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Betts, Matthew G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rota, CT (reprint author), Univ Florida, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ctr4g2@mail.missouri.edu OI Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707; Rota, Christopher/0000-0001-9272-4687 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-55101-17158]; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; US NSF LTER; Oregon State University FX M. Acevedo, J. Hayes, J. Hostetler, J. A. Royle, J. Sauer and anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. For the riparian data, we thank A. Peterson and J. Csoka for field assistance and the landowners who allowed access to their properties. PPL-Montana and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (No. 2006-55101-17158) provided support for this riparian research. For the Hubbard Brook data, we thank field assistants B. Griffith, M. Smith, T. Weidman and E. Whidden, the staff of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, the US NSF LTER program and Oregon State University for funding. The Hubbard Brook research was conducted under the auspices of the Northern Research Station, Forest Service, USDA, Newton Square, PA, and is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. NR 31 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1181 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01734.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525DI UT WOS:000272193300005 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL White, GC AF Kendall, William L. White, Gary C. TI A cautionary note on substituting spatial subunits for repeated temporal sampling in studies of site occupancy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE closure assumption; landscape; metapopulation; patch occupancy; sampling with replacement; species occurrence ID MULTIPLE STATES; DYNAMICS; RATES AB P>1. Assessing the probability that a given site is occupied by a species of interest is important to resource managers, as well as metapopulation or landscape ecologists. Managers require accurate estimates of the state of the system, in order to make informed decisions. Models that yield estimates of occupancy, while accounting for imperfect detection, have proven useful by removing a potentially important source of bias. To account for detection probability, multiple independent searches per site for the species are required, under the assumption that the species is available for detection during each search of an occupied site. 2. We demonstrate that when multiple samples per site are defined by searching different locations within a site, absence of the species from a subset of these spatial subunits induces estimation bias when locations are exhaustively assessed or sampled without replacement. 3. We further demonstrate that this bias can be removed by choosing sampling locations with replacement, or if the species is highly mobile over a short period of time. 4. Resampling an existing data set does not mitigate bias due to exhaustive assessment of locations or sampling without replacement. 5. Synthesis and applications. Selecting sampling locations for presence/absence surveys with replacement is practical in most cases. Such an adjustment to field methods will prevent one source of bias, and therefore produce more robust statistical inferences about species occupancy. This will in turn permit managers to make resource decisions based on better knowledge of the state of the system. C1 [Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wkendall@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1182 EP 1188 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01732.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525DI UT WOS:000272193300006 ER PT J AU Karanth, KK Nichols, JD Hines, JE Karanth, KU Christensen, NL AF Karanth, Krithi K. Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Karanth, K. Ullas Christensen, Norman L. TI Patterns and determinants of mammal species occurrence in India SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection; distribution; India; land cover; mammals; occupancy; parks; people; range; spatial modelling ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; LOCAL EXTINCTION; PROTECTED AREAS; RESERVE SIZE; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; POPULATIONS; CARNIVORES; DENSITY AB P>1. Many Indian mammals face range contraction and extinction, but assessments of their population status are hindered by the lack of reliable distribution data and range maps. 2. We estimated the current geographical ranges of 20 species of large mammals by applying occupancy models to data from country-wide expert. We modelled species in relation to ecological and social covariates (protected areas, landscape characteristics and human influences) based on a priori hypotheses about plausible determinants of mammalian distribution patterns. 3. We demonstrated that failure to incorporate detection probability in distribution survey methods underestimated habitat occupancy for all species. 4. Protected areas were important for the distribution of 16 species. However, for many species much of their current range remains unprotected. The availability of evergreen forests was important for the occurrence of 14 species, temperate forests for six species, deciduous forests for 15 species and higher altitude habitats for two species. Low human population density was critical for the occurrence of five species, while culturally based tolerance was important for the occurrence of nine other species. 5. Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis, gaur Bos gaurus and elephant Elephas maximus showed the most restricted ranges among herbivores, and sun bear Helarctos malayanus, brown bear Ursus arctos and tiger Panthera tigris were most restricted among carnivores. While cultural tolerance has helped the survival of some mammals, legal protection has been critically associated with occurrence of most species. 6. Synthesis and applications. Extent of range is an important determinant of species conservation status. Understanding the relationship of species occurrence with ecological and socio-cultural covariates is important for identification and management of key conservation areas. The combination of occupancy models with field data from country-wide experts enables reliable estimation of species range and habitat associations for conservation at regional scales. C1 [Karanth, Krithi K.; Christensen, Norman L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Karanth, Krithi K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP Karanth, KK (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, POB 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM krithi.karanth@gmail.com FU Conservation, Food and Health Foundation; Forest History Society; Duke International Travel; IDEA Wild; Roger Williams Park Zoo; AZFA Clark Waldram Conservation Fund; Cleveland Zoo FX The authors are enormously grateful to the wildlife experts N. Akhtar, R. Ali, S. Amu, A. Aiyadurai, Y. V. Bhatnagar, R. Borges, A. Chandola, S. Chandola, D. Chetry, K. Choudhary, S. Choudhry, H. Dang, S. Dasgupta, S. Dattatri, A. Dutta, P. S. Easa, D. V. Girish, H. Ghuleria, D. Ghose, S. P. Goyal, B. Hegde, Hilaluddin, D. Jathanna, B. Jetva, Y. V. Jhala, A. J. T. John Singh, S. Jones, J. Joshua, K. Kakati, K.U. Karanth, K. Kathju, D. K. Kashyap, R. Kaul, M. Khanduja, J. Kulkarni, A. Kumar, N. S. Kumar, S. Kumar, H. Kumara, A. Lobo, P. Mehta, B. Mohanty, S. Molur, S. Mukherjee, L. Nehemiah, N. Patil, S. Pawar, S. Pradhan, S. Radhakrishna, A. Rahmani, N. Rajamani, S. Rajesh, S. Ram, G. S. Rawat, G. V. Reddy, V. Rishi, A. D. Roy, P. K. Sen, K. Sharma, N. Sharma, K. Sathasivam, J. N. Shah, G. Shahabuddin, D. Sharma, V. Srinivas, G. Sundar, A. Tamim, S. Tiwari, P. Trivedi, H. Tyabji, N. Ved, R. Vyas, R Wangchuk, T. Wangyal, and their associates who completed the surveys. We thank S. L. Pimm, D. L. Urban, C.N. Jenkins, M. Vale, N. S. Kumar, P. M. Kumar, Duke University, Center for Wildlife Studies and Wildlife Conservation Society's India Program. Karanth received funding from the Conservation, Food and Health Foundation, Forest History Society, Duke International Travel, IDEA Wild, Roger Williams Park Zoo, AZFA Clark Waldram Conservation Fund, and Cleveland Zoo. We thank the editors and referees for their constructive comments that led to substantial improvements to the manuscript. NR 52 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1200 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01710.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525DI UT WOS:000272193300007 ER PT J AU Dawson, DK Efford, MG AF Dawson, Deanna K. Efford, Murray G. TI Bird population density estimated from acoustic signals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic localization; bird counting; density estimation; microphone array; passive acoustic methods; sound attenuation; spatially explicit capture-recapture ID LOCATION SYSTEM; VOCAL INDIVIDUALITY; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; BEAKED-WHALES; LOCALIZATION; ANIMALS; SONGBIRDS; ABUNDANCE; ACCURACY; TRANSMISSION AB P>1. Many animal species are detected primarily by sound. Although songs, calls and other sounds are often used for population assessment, as in bird point counts and hydrophone surveys of cetaceans, there are few rigorous methods for estimating population density from acoustic data. 2. The problem has several parts - distinguishing individuals, adjusting for individuals that are missed, and adjusting for the area sampled. Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) is a statistical methodology that addresses jointly the second and third parts of the problem. We have extended SECR to use uncalibrated information from acoustic signals on the distance to each source. 3. We applied this extension of SECR to data from an acoustic survey of ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla density in an eastern US deciduous forest with multiple four-microphone arrays. We modelled average power from spectrograms of ovenbird songs measured within a window of 0 center dot 7 s duration and frequencies between 4200 and 5200 Hz. 4. The resulting estimates of the density of singing males (0 center dot 19 ha-1 SE 0 center dot 03 ha-1) were consistent with estimates of the adult male population density from mist-netting (0 center dot 36 ha-1 SE 0 center dot 12 ha-1). The fitted model predicts sound attenuation of 0 center dot 11 dB m-1 (SE 0 center dot 01 dB m-1) in excess of losses from spherical spreading. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our method for estimating animal population density from acoustic signals fills a gap in the census methods available for visually cryptic but vocal taxa, including many species of bird and cetacean. The necessary equipment is simple and readily available; as few as two microphones may provide adequate estimates, given spatial replication. The method requires that individuals detected at the same place are acoustically distinguishable and all individuals vocalize during the recording interval, or that the per capita rate of vocalization is known. We believe these requirements can be met, with suitable field methods, for a significant number of songbird species. C1 [Dawson, Deanna K.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Efford, Murray G.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand. RP Dawson, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ddawson@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1209 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01731.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525DI UT WOS:000272193300008 ER PT J AU Paragamian, VL McDonald, R Nelson, GJ Barton, G AF Paragamian, V. L. McDonald, R. Nelson, G. J. Barton, G. TI Kootenai River velocities, depth, and white sturgeon spawning site selection - a mystery unraveled? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT; DAM AB P>The Kootenai River white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus population in Idaho, US and British Columbia (BC), Canada became recruitment limited shortly after Libby Dam became fully operational on the Kootenai River, Montana, USA in 1974. In the USA the species was listed under the Endangered Species Act in September of 1994. Kootenai River white sturgeon spawn within an 18-km reach in Idaho, river kilometer (rkm) 228.0-246.0. Each autumn and spring Kootenai River white sturgeon follow a 'short two-step' migration from the lower river and Kootenay Lake, BC, to staging reaches downstream of Bonners Ferry, Idaho. Initially, augmented spring flows for white sturgeon spawning were thought to be sufficient to recover the population. Spring discharge mitigation enhanced white sturgeon spawning but a series of research investigations determined that the white sturgeon were spawning over unsuitable incubation and rearing habitat (sand) and that survival of eggs and larvae was negligible. It was not known whether post-Libby Dam management had changed the habitat or if the white sturgeon were not returning to more suitable spawning substrates farther upstream. Fisheries and hydrology researchers made a team effort to determine if the spawning habitat had been changed by Libby Dam operations. Researchers modeled and compared velocities, sediment transport, and bathymetry with post-Libby Dam white sturgeon egg collection locations. Substrate coring studies confirmed cobbles and gravel substrates in most of the spawning locations but that they were buried under a meter or more of post-Libby Dam sediment. Analysis suggested that Kootenai River white sturgeon spawn in areas of highest available velocity and depths over a range of flows. Regardless of the discharge, the locations of accelerating velocities and maximum depth do not change and spawning locations remain consistent. Kootenai River white sturgeon are likely spawning in the same locations as pre-dam, but post-Libby Dam water management has reduced velocities and shear stress, thus sediment is now covering the cobbles and gravels. Although higher discharges will likely provide more suitable spawning and rearing conditions, this would be socially and politically unacceptable because it would bring the river elevation to or in excess of 537.66 m, which is flood stage. Thus, support should be given to habitat modifications incorporated into a management plan to restore suitable habitat and ensure better survival of eggs and larvae. C1 [Paragamian, V. L.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [McDonald, R.; Nelson, G. J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Barton, G.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID USA. RP Paragamian, VL (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 2885 W Kathleen Ave, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. EM vaughn.paragamian@idfg.idaho.gov OI McDonald, Richard/0000-0002-0703-0638 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX This work reflects the dedicated efforts of many people involved in sturgeon sampling studies over the years, including Fred Partridge, Kim Apperson, Pat Marcuson, Gretchen Kruse, Virginia Wakkinen, Genny Hoyle, and Vint Whitman of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Sue Ireland, Robert Aitken, Ralph Bahe, Chris Lewandowski, Eric Wagner, Dennis David, and Larry Aitken of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; Matt Neufeld, Colin Spence, Don Miller, and Les Fleck of the British Columbia Ministry of Environment; and Mary Donato, Pete Van Metre, Barbara Mahler, and Charles Berenbrock of the USGS. Thanks also to Dan Schill and Pete Rust of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game and John Pitlick and Stephan McLean for their critical review of this manuscript. Special thanks also to Dr Harald Rosenthal and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful revision recommendations. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 640 EP 646 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01364.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 527PU UT WOS:000272379800003 ER PT J AU Murie, DJ Parkyn, DC Loftus, WF Nico, LG AF Murie, D. J. Parkyn, D. C. Loftus, W. F. Nico, L. G. TI Variable growth and longevity of yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) in the Everglades of south Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PECTORAL SPINES; AGE; OTOLITHS; CATFISH; FISHES AB P>Yellow bullhead (Ictaluridae: Ameiurus natalis) is the most abundant ictalurid catfish in the Everglades of southern Florida, USA, and, as both prey and predator, is one of many essential components in the ecological-simulation models used in assessing restoration success in the Everglades. Little is known of its biology and life history in this southernmost portion of its native range; the present study provides the first estimates of age and growth from the Everglades. In total, 144 yellow bullheads of 97-312 mm total length (TL) were collected from canals and marshes of the Everglades between April 2000 and January 2001, and from October 2003 to February 2005. Fish were aged using cross-sections of pectoral spines and ranged from 1-12 years, with the maximum age almost twice that of any yellow bullhead previously reported. Yellow bullheads from south Florida grew relatively rapidly during their first 3 years, but after age 5 growth slowed and fish approached an asymptote of similar to 214 mm TL. Compared to other populations in the United States, yellow bullhead in the Everglades grew relatively slowly, were smaller at age overall, but survived to older ages. C1 [Murie, D. J.; Parkyn, D. C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. [Loftus, W. F.] Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Homestead, FL USA. [Nico, L. G.] Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Homestead, FL USA. RP Murie, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. EM dmurie@ufl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey's South Florida Place-based Science Program FX Many individuals helped us sampling in the field, processing ageing structures and facilitating the research, including: J. Herod, K. Johnson, M. Brown, E. Leonard and S. Crawford. Also assisting were A. Benson, S. Bostick, J. Curnutt, C. Diel, D. Doroshef, B. and K. Dunker, N. Flavin, P. George, G. Hill, R. Lewis, S. Howarter, M. Perry, E. Rolla, R. Taylor, M. Perry and S. Vincent. Dr. J. Trexler and B. Shambling of Florida International University contributed additional specimens. We especially thank D. Buckmeier for processing and ageing some of our yellow bullhead otoliths. Funding was provided by G. R. Best through the U.S. Geological Survey's South Florida Place-based Science Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 740 EP 745 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01300.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 527PU UT WOS:000272379800017 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Tillitt, DE Fitzsimons, JD AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Tillitt, Donald E. Fitzsimons, John D. TI Dedication to Scott B. Brown (1951-2006) SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA USA. [Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Fitzsimons, John D.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 205 EP 206 DI 10.1577/H09-999.1 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400001 ER PT J AU Zajicek, JL Brown, L Brown, SB Honeyfield, DC Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE AF Zajicek, James L. Brown, Lisa Brown, Scott B. Honeyfield, Dale C. Fitzsimons, John D. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Variations of Thiaminase I Activity pH Dependencies among Typical Great Lakes Forage Fish and Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT; MICHIGAN; INACTIVATION; PHOSPHORUS; SALMONINES; ALEWIFE; GROWTH; TISSUE; DIETS; ACID AB The source of thiaminase in the Great Lakes food web remains unknown. Biochemical characterization of the thiaminase I activities observed in forage fish was undertaken to provide insights into potential thiaminase sources and to optimize catalytic assay conditions. We measured the thiaminase I activities of crude extracts from five forage fish species and one strain of Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus over a range of pH values. The clupeids, alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, had very similar thiaminase I pH dependencies, with optimal activity ranges (>= 90% of maximum activity) between pH 4.6 and 5.5. Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius had optimal activity ranges between pH 5.5-6.6. The thiaminase I activity pH dependence profile of P. thiaminolyticus had an optimal activity range between pH 5.4 and 6.3, which was similar to the optimal range for rainbow smelt and spottail shiners. Incubation of P. thiaminolyticus extracts with extracts from bloater Coregonus hoyi (normally, bloaters have little or no detectable thiaminase I activity) did not significantly alter the pH dependence profile of P. thiaminolyticus-derived thiaminase I, such that it continued to resemble that of the rainbow smelt and spottail shiner, with an apparent optimal activity range between pH 5.7 and 6.6. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a bacterial source for thiaminase I in the nonclupeid species of forage fish; however, the data also suggest different sources of thiaminase I enzymes in the clupeid species. C1 [Zajicek, James L.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Brown, Lisa; Brown, Scott B.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Fitzsimons, John D.] Bayfield Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Zajicek, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jzajicek@usgs.gov FU Great lakes Fishery Trust FX The funding of this work was provided by a grant from the Great lakes Fishery Trust, along with in-kind support from the respective agencies of the authors. We acknowledge Dave Clapp (Michigan Department of Natural Resources (Charlevoix), Christopher S. Vandergoot (USGS, Tennessee Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville), and Greg Wright (Chippewa-Ottawa Treaty Fishery Management Authority, Hessel, Michigan) for their assistance in the collection of the fish. We acknowledge Nicole C. Weidenbenner and Tristan Freiling (University of Missouri, Columbia), Mathew Rogers (University of Missouri, Rolla), and Rachel A. Claunch (Arctic Slope Regional Corporation Management Services, under contract to the USGS, Columbia, Missouri) for their technical assistance in the processing of frozen samples and the assay of thiaminase I activity. We acknowledge James F. Fairchild and Robert W. Gale (USGS, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri) and the anonymous reviewers for reading earlier drafts and providing suggestions for improvement. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1577/H07-052.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400002 PM 20218495 ER PT J AU Richter, CA Wright-Osment, MK Zajicek, JL Honeyfield, DC Tillitt, DE AF Richter, Catherine A. Wright-Osment, Maureen K. Zajicek, James L. Honeyfield, Dale C. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assays for a Bacterial Thiaminase I Gene and the Thiaminase-Producing Bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; GREAT-LAKES SALMONINES; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; RDP-II; IDENTIFICATION; TROUT; QUANTIFICATION; COMMUNITY; DATABASE AB The thiaminase I enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus isolated from the viscera of Lake Michigan alewives Alosa pseudoharengus is currently the only defined source of the thiaminase activity linked to thiamine (vitamin B 1) deficiency in early mortality syndrome (EMS) in the larvae of Great Lakes salmonines. Diets of alewife or isolated strains of P. thiaminolyticus mixed in a semipurified diet and fed to lake trout Salvelinus namaycush have been shown to produce EMS in fry. We utilized quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) to aid in studies of the sources of P. thiaminolyticus and thiaminase I. Quantitative PCR assays were established to detect the thiaminase I gene of P. thiaminolyticus, the 16S rRNA gene from most species of bacteria, and the 16S rRNA gene specifically from P. thiaminolyticus and a few closely related taxa. The Q-PCR assays are linear over at least six orders of magnitude and can detect the thiaminase I gene of P. thiaminolyticus from as few as 1,000 P. thiaminolyticus cells/g of sample or the Paenibacillus 16S rRNA gene from as few as 100 P. thiaminolyticus cells/g of sample. The initial results from alewife viscera samples with high thiaminase activity yielded unexpectedly low densities of P. thiaminolyticus cells; Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus was detectable in 2 of 6 alewife viscera tested at densities on the order of 100 cells/g out of 100,000,000 total bacterial cells/g. The low numbers of P. thiaminolyticus detected suggest that alewives contain additional non-P. thiaminolyticus sources of thiaminase activity. C1 [Richter, Catherine A.; Wright-Osment, Maureen K.; Zajicek, James L.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM crichter@usgs.gov OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX We thank B. Thomas Johnson, Jennifer Dorts, Rachel Claunch, Joel Coffel, and Marie Pope for technical assistance. This project was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1577/H07-054.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400004 PM 20218497 ER PT J AU Ross, JP Honeyfield, DC Brown, SB Brown, LR Waddle, AR Welker, ME Schoeb, TR AF Ross, J. Perran Honeyfield, Dale C. Brown, Scott B. Brown, Lisa R. Waddle, Amanda Rice Welker, Michael E. Schoeb, Trenton R. TI Gizzard Shad Thiaminase Activity and Its Effect on the Thiamine Status of Captive American Alligators Alligator mississippiensis SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; FISH-TISSUES; MORTALITY; SALMONINES; ALEWIVES; GRIFFIN; FLORIDA AB Adult mortality and low egg hatch rate were observed among American alligators Alligator mississippiensis in Lake Griffin, Florida, between 1998 and 2003. Previous studies show that the alligator mortality is due to neurological impairment associated with thiamine (vitamin B 1) deficiency. This study determined the rate of thiaminase activity in gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, a fish often eaten by alligators, and examined the thiamine status of captive adult alligators fed only gizzard shad. We found that the thiaminase activity of gizzard shad in Lake Griffin is 16,409 +/- 6 2,121 pmol/g/min (mean +/- 2SEs). This high rate of thiaminase activity was present in most months and across a wide range of shad sizes. Seven alligators were captured in the wild from Lake Griffin and Lake Woodruff, held in captivity, and fed gizzard shad. We monitored blood and muscle thiamine levels throughout the experiment and liver thiamine at the end. Over a period of 6-12 months, all of the alligators maintained weight but blood and muscle thiamine levels decreased to 25-50% of the original (healthy) values. Three animals with the greatest reduction in thiamine died, demonstrating mobility impairment and neural histopathology similar to those seen in wild alligators in Lake Griffin. Two alligators were fed shad for 10 months but then treated with thiamine. These animals showed a reduction in thiamine while eating shad, but treatment restored their thiamine levels to the initial values, which were comparable to those of normal wild Lake Griffin alligators. We demonstrated that thiamine deficiency can be induced by a diet of gizzard shad and cause neurological signs and death in alligators in captivity. We conclude that the thiaminase activity in gizzard shad is high enough to cause thiamine deficiency in wild alligators when shad are a major part of their diet. C1 [Ross, J. Perran] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Conservat & Ecol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Brown, Scott B.; Brown, Lisa R.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Waddle, Amanda Rice] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schoeb, Trenton R.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Ross, JP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Conservat & Ecol, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pross@ufl.edu FU St. John's River Water Management District (SJRWMD); Lake County Water Authority; Wildlife Foundation of Florida FX Funding was provided by the St. John's River Water Management District (SJRWMD), Lake County Water Authority, and the Wildlife Foundation of Florida. Research was conducted under permits from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Florida. We thank Walt Godwin, Carol Lippincott, Roxanne Conroy, and Mike Coveney (SJRWMD); Harold Morrow (FWS); and Dwayne Carbonneau, and Allan Woodward (FWC) for logistical and intellectual support. Vehicles and airboats were obtained from Franklin Percival at the Florida Wildlife Cooperative Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey. Jim Zajicek provided additional thiaminase data. Roger Kline of North American Nutrition Companies supplied us with thiamine to treat our alligators. We are grateful to Don Morgan who provided alligator housing facilities at CST Alligator Farm. Bob Thompson assisted with alligator care. Skip Goerner of Fisherman's Wharf provided logistical support and field facilities on Lake Griffin. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1577/H08-002.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400005 PM 20218498 ER PT J AU Rauschenberger, RH Sepulveda, MS Wiebe, JJ Wiebe, JE Honeyfield, DC Gross, TS AF Rauschenberger, R. Heath Sepulveda, Maria S. Wiebe, Jon J. Wiebe, Janet E. Honeyfield, Dale C. Gross, Timothy S. TI Nutrient and Organochlorine Pesticide Concentrations in American Alligator Eggs and Their Associations with Clutch Viability SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; THIAMINE-DEFICIENCY; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; EXPOSURE; TISSUES; FLORIDA AB Since the early 1900s, the lakes of the Ocklawaha basin in central Florida have experienced ecological degradation due to anthropogenic development. One species affected by this degradation is the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis, which has suffered from poor clutch viability and embryo mortality. Although some studies indicate that organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) may be involved, OCPs do not account for all of the variation seen in hatch rates. Indeed, nutrition and non-OCP contaminants have been associated with developmental problems in fish and birds. Our study evaluated embryo mortality in alligators at reference and OCP-contaminated sites as a function of exposure to OCPs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), along with egg nutrients (Zn, Se, and vitamins A, E, and B 1). The four-pronged study consisted of a case-control cohort study, an expanded field study, a topical egg treatment thiamine amelioration experiment, and a topical egg treatment thiamine antagonist experiment. The results from the two field studies suggested that the total thiamine levels in the eggs were positively associated with clutch viability and negatively associated with the lipid content and certain OCPs measured in egg yolks. In addition, PCBs, PAHs, Zn, Se, and vitamins A and E were not found to be associated with the observed clutch viability defects. The thiamine levels in the eggs explained 38% of the variation in clutch survival in the case-control cohort study and 27% in the expanded field study. The topical egg treatment experiments were successful in elevating the thiamine concentrations in the albumin but not the yolk. No significant differences were noted among treatment groups in either egg treatment experiment with respect to clutch survival. In summary, thiamine egg concentrations explain some of the variation in the clutch viability of free-ranging alligators, but the cause-effect relationships are still unclear. C1 [Rauschenberger, R. Heath] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wiebe, Jon J.; Wiebe, Janet E.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Gross, Timothy S.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Rauschenberger, RH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 7915 Baymeadows Way,Suite 200, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. EM e.heath_rauschenberger@fws.gov RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Lake County Water Authority; National Institutes of Environmental Health Services [P42ES-07375] FX We recognize Jesse Grosso, Eileen Monck, Shane Ruessler, Carla Wieser, Alfred Harvey, Nancy Szabo, Carolyn Diaz, Nicola Kernaghen, Jennifer Muller, Jessica Noggle, Beverly Arnold, Ken Portier, Raymond Littell, Jon Maul, Allan Woodward, and the late Travis Smith for their important contributions. Funding was provided by Lake County Water Authority through a grant awarded to M.S.S. and by National Institutes of Environmental Health Services Superfund basic research program grant P42ES-07375 to T.S.G. Alligator eggs were collected under a Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission permit, and all animal work was conducted according to guidelines set forth by the U.S. Geological Survey and University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1577/H07-051.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400006 PM 20218499 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE Brown, SB AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Fitzsimons, John D. Tillitt, Donald E. Brown, Scott B. TI Egg Fatty Acid Composition from Lake Trout Fed Two Lake Michigan Prey Fish Species SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; THIAMINE; DIET; SALMONINES; BROODSTOCK; ALEWIVES; ESTERS; LIPIDS; N-3; M74 AB We previously demonstrated that there were significant differences in the egg thiamine content in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush fed two Lake Michigan prey fish (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and bloater Coregonus hoyi). Lake trout fed alewives produced eggs low in thiamine, but it was unknown whether the consumption of alewives affected other nutritionally important components. In this study we investigated the fatty acid composition of lake trout eggs when females were fed diets that resulted in different egg thiamine concentrations. For 2 years, adult lake trout were fed diets consisting of four combinations of captured alewives and bloaters (100% alewives; 65% alewives, 35% bloaters; 35% alewives, 65% bloaters; and 100% bloaters). The alewife fatty acid profile had higher concentrations of arachidonic acid and total omega-6 fatty acids than the bloater profile. The concentrations of four fatty acids (cis-13, 16-docosadienoic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids) were higher in bloaters than in alewives. Although six fatty acid components were higher in lake trout eggs in 2001 than in 2000 and eight fatty acids were lower, diet had no effect on any fatty acid concentration measured in lake trout eggs in this study. Based on these results, it appears that egg fatty acid concentrations differ between years but that the egg fatty acid profile does not reflect the alewife-bloater mix in the diet of adults. The essential fatty acid content of lake trout eggs from females fed alewives and bloaters appears to be physiologically regulated and adequate to meet the requirements of developing embryos. C1 [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Fitzsimons, John D.] Bayfield Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Brown, Scott B.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 272 EP 278 DI 10.1577/H08-006.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400008 PM 20218501 ER PT J AU Lee, BJ Jaroszewska, M Dabrowski, K Czesny, S Rinchard, J AF Lee, Bong-Joo Jaroszewska, Marta Dabrowski, Konrad Czesny, Sergiusz Rinchard, Jacques TI Effects of Vitamin B-1 (Thiamine) Deficiency in Lake Trout Alevins and Preventive Treatments SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; INDUCED PARTIAL NECROSIS; YOLK-SAC FRY; M74 SYNDROME; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; MORTALITY; EMBRYOS; BLOOD AB The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of thiamine immersion of fish from a population known for compromised survival as a result of early mortality syndrome (EMS) and to investigate the cause-response relationship between thiamine concentration and lesions in tissues in swim-up-stage lake trout Salvelinus namaycush alevins. Lake trout eggs from 14 fish from Lake Michigan were artificially fertilized and the progeny divided into two groups based on the thiamine concentration (low [<0.73 nmol/g] or high [>0.85 nmol/g]) in the unfertilized eggs. Progeny were treated or not with a thiamine solution (2,000mg/L for 2 h) at hatching or the swim-up stage. The survival of progeny in control groups at the swim-up stage correlated with thiamine concentration. The low thiamine-treated groups had significantly higher survival between the swim-up stage (812.0 degree-days) and 16 d after swim-up (963.3 degree-days) than the control groups; the survival of the high thiamine-treated groups did not differ between treated and control fish, regardless of the treatment at hatching and the swim-up stage. Control alevins that had low thiamine levels showed EMS, which resulted in 94.9-100% mortality 16 d after the swim-up stage. No pathological changes were observed in the brain, olfactory lobe, eye, liver, or muscle in alevins of high thiamine-treated group. Glycogen deposits in the liver of alevins from the low control group were variable, no glycogen being observed in the hepatocytes of 7 of the 24 fish. We demonstrate that thiamine treatment at swim-up enhances the survival of EMS-affected lake trout relative to treatment at hatching. C1 [Lee, Bong-Joo; Jaroszewska, Marta; Dabrowski, Konrad] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Czesny, Sergiusz] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Lake Michigan Biol Stn, Zion, IL 60099 USA. [Rinchard, Jacques] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rinchard, Jacques] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Dabrowski, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dabrowski.1@osu.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Lee, Bong-Joo/0000-0002-7222-4885 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission via the University of Illinois FX This project was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission via the University of Illinois. Marta Jaroszweska was supported by an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development postdoctoral fellowship. We thank the Illinois Department of Natural Resources for fish collection in southern Lake Michigan and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for fish collection in the northern part of the lake. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 290 EP 301 DI 10.1577/H07-053.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400010 PM 20218503 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, JD Brown, SB Williston, B Williston, G Brown, LR Moore, K Honeyfield, DC Tillitt, DE AF Fitzsimons, John D. Brown, Scott B. Williston, Bill Williston, Georgina Brown, Lisa R. Moore, Kristin Honeyfield, Dale C. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Influence of Thiamine Deficiency on Lake Trout Larval Growth, Foraging, and Predator Avoidance SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; SWIM-UP SYNDROME; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; COTTUS-BAIRDI; EGG PREDATION; ROUND GOBY; FISH DIETS AB Diet-related thiamine deficiency increases the acute mortality, known as early mortality syndrome, of salmonines from some of the Great Lakes. The consequences of thiamine deficiency as measured at the egg stage for other important early life stage processes like growth, foraging efficiency, and predator avoidance that may also result in mortality, are unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the impacts of low thiamine on the specific growth rate (SGR) of first-feeding fry, the ability of first-feeding fry to capture Daphnia, fry emergence in the presence of a potential predator (round goby Apollina [formerly Neogobius] melanostomus), and predation by slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. We used a combination of thiamine-deficient and thiamine-replete wild stocks of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush for this purpose. From these investigations we developed predictive relationships. Specific growth rate was related to egg thiamine concentration. From the exponential relationship, it was predicted that the threshold egg thiamine concentrations associated with 20% and 50% reductions in SGR are 8.1 and 5.1 nmol/g, respectively. The foraging rate on Daphnia was also related to egg thiamine concentration by an exponential relationship. It was predicted that the threshold concentrations associated with 20% and 50% reductions in this rate are 6.9 and 2.9 nmol/g, respectively. The presence of a round goby significantly reduced emergence success, but the level of goby predation was unrelated to egg thiamine concentration. Sculpin predation was related, although weakly, to the initial egg thiamine concentration. This research found that thiamine deficiency affected growth, foraging, and predator avoidance in lake trout fry. Growth effects resulting from thiamine deficiency may represent the most sensitive means of monitoring the impact of the secondary consequences of thiamine deficiency. Mortality associated with the combined effects of reduced growth and foraging has the potential to seriously impair lake trout recruitment. C1 [Fitzsimons, John D.; Williston, Bill] Bayfield Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Brown, Scott B.; Brown, Lisa R.; Moore, Kristin] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Williston, Georgina] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Prescott, ON K0E 1TO, Canada. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Bayfield Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM john.fitzsimons@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX We acknowledge the generous financial support of the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. We also acknowledge the assistance of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment in obtaining Daphnia. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 302 EP 314 DI 10.1577/H08-019.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400011 PM 20218504 ER PT J AU Carvalho, PSM Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Claunch, RA Honeyfield, DC Fitzsimons, JD Brown, SB AF Carvalho, Paulo S. M. Tillitt, Donald E. Zajicek, James L. Claunch, Rachel A. Honeyfield, Dale C. Fitzsimons, John D. Brown, Scott B. TI Thiamine Deficiency Effects on the Vision and Foraging Ability of Lake Trout Fry SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; KAMI-UNTAN-TO; YOLK-SAC FRY; FISH; NEURONS; LARVAL; SYSTEM; MICE AB The exact causes of the historical recruitment failures of Great Lakes lake trout Salvelinus namaycush are unknown. Thiamine deficiency has been associated with neurological abnormalities in lake trout that lead to early mortality syndrome (EMS) in salmonine swim-up fry, and EMS-related mortality at the swim-up stage is a factor that contributes to the reproductive failure of lake trout populations in the Great Lakes. The potential for adverse effects of thiamine deficiency beyond the swim-up stage is unknown. We investigated the effects of low egg thiamine on behavioral functions in young, post-swim-up lake trout fry. The behavioral endpoints included visual acuity and prey capture rates in the same groups of lake trout fry from each family. Low-thiamine eggs were produced by feeding lake trout broodstock diets entailing thiaminase activity. The thiamine content of the spawned eggs ranged from 0.3 to 26.1 nmol/g. Both visual acuity and prey capture rates were affected by the thiamine content of the eggs. The visual acuity of lake trout was severely affected by low egg thiamine, mainly at thiamine concentrations below the threshold of 0.8 nmol/g but also at higher concentrations in field-collected eggs. Feeding was also reduced with low egg thiamine content. The reduction of prey capture rates was dramatic below 0.8 nmol/g and less dramatic, but still significant, in a portion of the families with egg thiamine concentrations of less than 5.0 nmol/g from both laboratory and field samples. Approximately one-third of the latter families had reduced feeding rates. Deficits in visual acuity may be part of the mechanism leading to decreased feeding rates in these fry. The effects of low egg thiamine on both of the behavioral endpoints studied increase the risk of low recruitment rates in Great Lakes lake trout populations. C1 [Carvalho, Paulo S. M.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Zool, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Tillitt, Donald E.; Zajicek, James L.; Claunch, Rachel A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Fitzsimons, John D.] Bayfield Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Brown, Scott B.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Carvalho, PSM (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Zool, Ave Profesor Moraes Rego S-N,Cidade Univ, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM pcarvalho@ufpe.br RI Carvalho, Paulo/D-7213-2011 OI Carvalho, Paulo/0000-0002-4957-9768 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1577/H08-025.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 589DB UT WOS:000277124400012 PM 20218505 ER PT J AU Aguilar, AJ Huber-Sannwald, E Belnap, J Smart, DR Moreno, JTA AF Jimenez Aguilar, A. Huber-Sannwald, E. Belnap, J. Smart, D. R. Arredondo Moreno, J. T. TI Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic response to seasonal rain and release from grazing with implications for soil stability SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE BSC morphotypes; Erosion; Functional role; Grazing removal; Plant crust interaction; Seasonal changes ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; COLORADO PLATEAU; WIND EROSION; ARID-LANDS; DESERT; STEPPE; COVER; VEGETATION; AUSTRALIA; UTAH AB In Northern Mexico, long-term grazing has substantially degraded semiarid landscapes. In semiarid systems, ecological and hydrological processes are strongly coupled by patchy plant distribution and biological soil crust (BSC) cover in plant-free interspaces. In this study, we asked: 1) how responsive are BSC cover/composition to a drying/wetting cycle and two-year grazing removal, and 2) what are the implications for soil erosion? We characterized BSC morphotypes and their influence on soil stability under grazed/non-grazed conditions during a dry and wet season. Light- and dark-colored cyanobacteria were dominant at the plant tussock and community level. Cover changes in these two groups differed after a rainy season and in response to grazing removal. Lichens with continuous thalli were more vulnerable to grazing than those with semi-continuous/discontinuous thalli after the dry season. Microsites around tussocks facilitated BSC colonization compared to interspaces. Lichen and cyanobacteria morphotypes differentially enhanced resistance to soil erosion; consequently, surface soil stability depends on the spatial distribution of BSC morphotypes, suggesting soil stability may be as dynamic as changes in the type of BSC cover. Longer-term spatially detailed studies are necessary to elicit spatiotemporal dynamics of BSC communities and their functional role in biotically and abiotically variable environments. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jimenez Aguilar, A.; Huber-Sannwald, E.; Arredondo Moreno, J. T.] Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ciencias Ambientals, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. [Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey Moab, Moab, UT USA. [Smart, D. R.] UC Davis, Davis, CA USA. RP Huber-Sannwald, E (reprint author), Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ciencias Ambientals, Camino Presa San Jose 2055,Lomas 4Ta Secc, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. EM ehs@ipicyt.edu.mx RI Arredondo Moreno, Jose /A-9972-2015; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth/D-2507-2009 OI Arredondo Moreno, Jose /0000-0003-1969-9942; FU UCMEXUS [CN-04-63]; SEMARNAT [410]; EPES-CYTED [407AC0323] FX We thank Silvia Margarita Carrillo Saucedo, Leonardo Hern ndez Azcunaga, Nuria Svetia Silva Cazares, Felipe Pineda Martinez, Ricardo Casas Cazares and Griselda Chavez Aguilar for technical assistance in the field. Special thanks go to Isabel Martinez and Laura Concostrina for identifying the different groups of biological soil crusts. We also thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. Research was funded by the UCMEXUS grant CN-04-63 to EHS and DRS and by the SEMARNAT grant 410 to EHS. We thank the EPES-CYTED network (407AC0323) for mobility support and student exchange between Spain and Mexico. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1158 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.009 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496RF UT WOS:000269992600015 ER PT J AU Gershunov, A Cayan, DR Iacobellis, SF AF Gershunov, Alexander Cayan, Daniel R. Iacobellis, Sam F. TI The Great 2006 Heat Wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an Increasing Trend SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION RELATED DEATHS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-POLLUTION; PRECIPITATION SUPPRESSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WORLDS OCEANS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SWITZERLAND; MORTALITY AB Most of the great California-Nevada heat waves can be classified into primarily daytime or nighttime events depending on whether atmospheric conditions are dry or humid. A rash of nighttime-accentuated events in the last decade was punctuated by an unusually intense case in July 2006, which was the largest heat wave on record (1948-2006). Generally, there is a positive trend in heat wave activity over the entire region that is expressed most strongly and clearly in nighttime rather than daytime temperature extremes. This trend in nighttime heat wave activity has intensified markedly since the 1980s and especially since 2000. The two most recent nighttime heat waves were also strongly expressed in extreme daytime temperatures. Circulations associated with great regional heat waves advect hot air into the region. This air can be dry or moist, depending on whether a moisture source is available, causing heat waves to be expressed preferentially during day or night. A remote moisture source centered within a marine region west of Baja California has been increasing in prominence because of gradual sea surface warming and a related increase in atmospheric humidity. Adding to the very strong synoptic dynamics during the 2006 heat wave were a prolonged stream of moisture from this southwestern source and, despite the heightened humidity, an environment in which afternoon convection was suppressed, keeping cloudiness low and daytime temperatures high. The relative contributions of these factors and possible relations to global warming are discussed. C1 [Gershunov, Alexander; Cayan, Daniel R.; Iacobellis, Sam F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Gershunov, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sasha@ucsd.edu FU California Energy Commission through the California Climate Change Center; NOAA [NA17RJ1231-72]; NSF [ATM-0236898]; NATO Science for Peace [SFP 981044]; UC MEXUS-CONACYT [CN-05-223] FX Thanks are due to Mary Tyree and Emelia Bainto for data handling and processing, and to Jennifer Johns for fact gathering. This work was funded by the California Energy Commission through the California Climate Change Center and by NOAA via the RISA program through the California Applications Center and Grant NA17RJ1231-72. This work also contributes to research under NSF Grant ATM-0236898, NATO Science for Peace project (SFP 981044), and UC MEXUS-CONACYT project (CN-05-223). We thank Tereza Cavazos, Hugo Hidalgo, Pasha Groisman, Helene Margolis, and Odelle Hadley for useful discussions and four anonymous reviewers for detailed comments on the original version of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 23 BP 6181 EP 6203 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2465.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 526GC UT WOS:000272274700003 ER PT J AU Apipattanavis, S McCabe, GJ Rajagopalan, B Gangopadhyay, S AF Apipattanavis, Somkiat McCabe, Gregory J. Rajagopalan, Balaji Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu TI Joint Spatiotemporal Variability of Global Sea Surface Temperatures and Global Palmer Drought Severity Index Values SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LAND PRECIPITATION; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; EUROPEAN CLIMATE; DOMAIN APPROACH; PATTERNS AB Dominant modes of individual and joint variability in global sea surface temperatures (SST) and global Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) values for the twentieth century are identified through a multivariate frequency domain singular value decomposition. This analysis indicates that a secular trend and variability related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are the dominant modes of variance shared among the global datasets. For the SST data the secular trend corresponds to a positive trend in Indian Ocean and South Atlantic SSTs, and a negative trend in North Pacific and North Atlantic SSTs. The ENSO reconstruction shows a strong signal in the tropical Pacific, North Pacific, and Indian Ocean regions. For the PDSI data, the secular trend reconstruction shows high amplitudes over central Africa including the Sahel, whereas the regions with strong ENSO amplitudes in PDSI are the southwestern and northwestern United States, South Africa, northeastern Brazil, central Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Australia. An additional significant frequency, multidecadal variability, is identified for the Northern Hemisphere. This multidecadal frequency appears to be related to the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). The multidecadal frequency is statistically significant in the Northern Hemisphere SST data, but is statistically nonsignificant in the PDSI data. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Apipattanavis, Somkiat] Royal Irrigat Dept, Off Res & Dev, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu] AMEC Earth & Environm, Boulder, CO USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 23 BP 6251 EP 6267 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2791.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 526GC UT WOS:000272274700007 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BL Hondzo, M Harvey, JW AF O'Connor, Ben L. Hondzo, Miki Harvey, Judson W. TI Incorporating Both Physical and Kinetic Limitations in Quantifying Dissolved Oxygen Flux to Aquatic Sediments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIONAL MASS-TRANSFER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER INTERFACE; FLOW VELOCITY; SEA-FLOOR; TURBULENCE; DEMAND; CHAMBER; MOTIONS; NUMBERS AB Traditionally, dissolved oxygen (DO) fluxes have been calculated using the thin-film theory with DO microstructure data in systems characterized by fine sediments and low velocities. However, recent experimental evidence of fluctuating DO concentrations near the sediment-water interface suggests that turbulence and coherent motions control the mass transfer, and the surface renewal theory gives a more mechanistic model for quantifying fluxes. Both models involve quantifying the mass transfer coefficient (k) and the relevant concentration difference (Delta C). This study compared several empirical models for quantifying k based on both thin-film and surface renewal theories, as well as presents a new method for quantifying Delta C (dynamic approach) that is consistent with the observed DO concentration fluctuations near the interface. Data were used from a series of flume experiments that includes both physical and kinetic uptake limitations of the flux. Results indicated that methods for quantifying k and Delta C using the surface renewal theory better estimated the DO flux across a range of fluid-flow conditions. C1 [O'Connor, Ben L.; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hondzo, Miki] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Civil Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP O'Connor, BL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, EVS 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM boconnor@anl.gov; mhondzo@umn.edu; jwharvey@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Reston, Virginia; National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA); National Research programs of the USGS; National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED); Science and Technology Center funded by the Office of Integrative Activities of the National Science Foundation [EAR-0120914]; U. S. Government FX The manuscript was prepared while B. L. O'Connor held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Reston, Virginia. Funding was provided by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and National Research programs of the USGS, as well as the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED), a Science and Technology Center funded by the Office of Integrative Activities of the National Science Foundation (under Grant No. EAR-0120914). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2009 VL 135 IS 12 BP 1304 EP 1314 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 521IU UT WOS:000271915100008 ER PT J AU Batiuk, RA Breitburg, DL Diaz, RJ Cronin, TM Secor, DH Thursby, G AF Batiuk, Richard A. Breitburg, Denise L. Diaz, Robert J. Cronin, Thomas M. Secor, David H. Thursby, Glen TI Derivation of habitat-specific dissolved oxygen criteria for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Chesapeake Bay; Designated uses; Dissolved oxygen; Water quality criteria ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; ANCHOA-MITCHILLI EGGS; STRIPED BASS; ATLANTIC STURGEON; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; CYNOSCION-REGALIS; HISTORICAL TRENDS; PERIODIC HYPOXIA; FISH LARVAE AB The Chesapeake 2000 Agreement committed its state and federal signatories to "define the water quality conditions necessary to protect aquatic living resources" in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) and its tidal tributaries. Hypoxia is one of the key water quality issues addressed as a result of the above Agreement. This paper summarizes the protection goals and specific criteria intended to achieve those goals for addressing hypoxia. The criteria take into account the variety of Bay habitats and the tendency towards low dissolved oxygen in some areas of the Bay. Stressful dissolved oxygen conditions were characterized for a diverse array of living resources of the Chesapeake Bay by different aquatic habitats: migratory fish spawning and nursery, shallow-water, open-water, deep-water, and deep-channel. The dissolved oxygen criteria derived for each of these habitats are intended to protect against adverse effects on survival, growth, reproduction and behavior. The criteria accommodate both spatial and temporal aspects of low oxygen events, and have been adopted into the Chesapeake Bay states - Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware - and the District of Columbia's water quality standards regulations. These criteria, now in the form of state regulatory standards, are driving an array of land-based and wastewater pollution reduction actions across the six-watershed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Batiuk, Richard A.] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Breitburg, Denise L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Diaz, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, USGS Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Secor, David H.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Thursby, Glen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Batiuk, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM batiuk.richard@epa.gov RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012 OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827 NR 131 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 381 SU 1 BP S204 EP S215 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.023 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 525HV UT WOS:000272206800021 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Wilson, JM Meyer, MW AF Kenow, Kevin P. Wilson, J. Marshall Meyer, Michael W. TI Capturing Common Loons during prenesting and nesting periods SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture method; Common Loon; diurnal capture; lift-net; nest capture; trap AB Several techniques have been used to capture Common Loons (Gavia immer), but effectiveness is limited during periods of the breeding season when loons do not have chicks. From 2005 to 2008, we studied loons in northern Wisconsin and used night lighting to capture loons on nests and also designed a lift net for capturing loons prior to nesting. At night, incubating loons were approached by boat and, when within about 30-60 m, we focused a spotlight on the loon and, once at the nest, captured loons using a landing net. Using this technique, we captured 23 loons in 29 attempts (79%). In addition, taped calls and loon decoys were used to entice prenesting, territorial loons into a shoreline-based, lift-net trap at a capture efficiency of 67% (10 captures in 15 attempts) during the second year of use. Our diurnal lift-net trap and night-light nest-capture techniques allowed us to capture adult Common Loons during periods of the breeding season when previous investigators have found loons difficult to catch. These techniques may also be useful for capturing other species of territorial waterbirds, especially other species of loons. C1 [Kenow, Kevin P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00250.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 525BM UT WOS:000272188100013 ER PT J AU Hogue, JL Pegg, MA AF Hogue, J. L. Pegg, M. A. TI Oxygen Consumption Rates for Bighead and Silver Carp in Relation to Life-Stage and Water Temperature SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-RATE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SWIMMING SPEED; FISH; RESPIRATION; ILLINOIS AB We measured bighead carp (Hypophthalmythys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmythys molitrix) oxygen consumption rates (MO2) at several water temperatures (5 - 25 degrees C) and life stages (juvenile and adult). The relation between MO2 and body mass for both species was allometric, with body mass correlated to MO2. The mass exponent used to correct mass-related bias (b) for bighead carp was 0.70, while the calculated b value for silver carp was 0.76. Temperature significantly affected mass-corrected MO2 in both species (P < 0.05), whereas life stage did not (P > 0.05). Mean mass-corrected oxygen consumption rate ranged from 0.21 to 0.97 mg O(2)hr(-1) and did not differ between species (P=0.60). Our results suggest that Asian carp have high metabolic rates compared to native fishes occupying a similar feeding niche. These data also suggest that Asian carp could exceed native filter-feeding species energetic demands that could have potential negative long-term effects on ecosystems in which they become established. C1 [Hogue, J. L.; Pegg, M. A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Hogue, JL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 676 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM Jennifer_Hogue@fws.gov FU US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX This study was supported by the National Sea Grant College Program of the US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and Illinois Natural History Survey staff also provided field and laboratory assistance. Reference to any trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or by their employers. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 26 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1080/02705060.2009.9664330 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520HU UT WOS:000271835100003 ER PT J AU Jackson, CAL Zydlewski, J AF Jackson, Casey A. L. Zydlewski, Joseph TI Summer Movements of Sub-Adult Brook Trout, Landlocked Atlantic Salmon, and Smallmouth Bass in the Rapid River, Maine SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROWN TROUT; STREAMS; GROWTH; LAKE; INTRODUCTIONS; PREDATION; HABITAT AB Summer movement patterns and spatial overlap of native sub-adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), non-native landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and non-native smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Rapid River, Maine, were investigated with radio telemetry in 2005. Fishes were captured by angling, surgically implanted with radio transmitters, and tracked actively from June through September. Most brook trout (96%) and landlocked salmon (72%) displayed long distance movements (>1 km) to open water bodies (28 June to 4 July) followed by periods of time spent in presumed thermal refugia (5 July to 16 September). Summer water temperature rose above 25 degrees C, near the reported lethal limits for these coldwater species. In contrast, the majority of smallmouth bass (68%), a warmwater species, did not make long distance movements from areas of initial capture, remaining in mainstem sections of the river (28 June to 16 September). Spatial overlap of smallmouth bass and brook trout in the summer is unlikely because brook trout presumably move to thermal refugia during this time. However, interspecific competition between brook trout and landlocked salmon may occur since they select similar habitats June through September. C1 [Jackson, Casey A. L.; Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jzydlewski@usgs.gov FU Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund (MOHF); Trout Unlimited (TU); Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW); USGS-BRD; Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine; Save the Rapid Coalition; USFWS, Umbagog Lake National Wildlife Refuge FX This work was funded by Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund (MOHF), Trout Unlimited (TU), Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW), USGS-BRD, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the University of Maine. We appreciate the cooperative input from the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife's Dave P. Boucher, Forrest Bonney, and Merry Gallagher. Additional support came from the Save the Rapid Coalition. Housing was generously provided by USFWS, Umbagog Lake National Wildlife Refuge. We thank the Pingree Family and Land Trust for their cooperation access to the Rapid River. Bill Hansen and Kyle Murphy of Florida Power Light and Energy provided additional housing and logistical support. Michael Hudson of the USFWS, Columbia River Fisheries Program Office generously pressed and read scale samples. Invaluable contributions of time and effort came from Aldro French, Shelby Rousseau (Rangeley Lakes Heritage Trust), Paul Kusnierz, Christopher M. Holbrook, Stephen J. Fernandes, Paul Casey, Drew Anderson, Mark McCullough, Katie Degoosh, Lisa Fretwell, Toni Lombardi, J.P. Courtney, and our field crew Lizzie and Teebo Jackson. We thank Gayle Zydlewski and Cyndy Loftin for their review of this work. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 567 EP 580 DI 10.1080/02705060.2009.9664334 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520HU UT WOS:000271835100007 ER PT J AU Smith, EF Gomberg, J AF Smith, Emily F. Gomberg, Joan TI A search in strainmeter data for slow slip associated with triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; BOREHOLE STRAIN; EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION; SUPERSTITION HILLS; DEFORMATION; CREEPMETERS; CREEP; CONSTRAINTS; MAGNITUDE AB We test the hypothesis that, as in subduction zones, slow slip facilitates triggered and ambient tremor in the transform boundary setting of California. Our study builds on the study of Peng et al. (2009) of triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California during time intervals surrounding 31, potentially triggering, M >= 7.5 teleseismic earthquakes; waves from 10 of these triggered tremor and 29 occurred in periods of ambient tremor activity. We look for transient slow slip during 3-month windows that include 11 of these triggering and nontriggering teleseisms, using continuous strain data recorded on two borehole Gladwin tensor strainmeters (GTSM) located within the distribution of tremor epicenters. We model the GTSM data assuming only tidal and "drift'' signals are present and find no detectable slow slip, either ongoing when the teleseismic waves passed or triggered by them. We infer a conservative detection threshold of about 5 nanostrain for abrupt changes and about twice this for slowly evolving signals. This could be lowered slightly by adding analyses of other data types, modeled slow slip signals, and GTSM data calibration. Detection of slow slip also depends on the slipping fault's location and size, which we describe in terms of equivalent earthquake moment magnitude, M. In the best case of the GTSM above a very shallow slipping fault, detectable slip events must exceed M similar to 2, and if the slow slip is beneath the seismogenic zone (below similar to 15 km depth), even M similar to 5 events are likely to remain hidden. C1 [Smith, Emily F.; Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Smith, EF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov FU UNAVCO FX The authors thank Evelyn Roeloffs, Duncan Agnew, John Langbein, Wendy McCausland, and Zhigang Peng for many useful discussions and reviews. We also thank Evelyn Roeloffs, Duncan Agnew, and Kathleen Hodgkinson for teaching an extremely useful class in strainmeter data processing and UNAVCO for supporting Emily Smith's participation in the class. Finally, we acknowledge the USGS/ NAGT internship program, particularly Robert Ridky. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B00A14 DI 10.1029/2008JB006040 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 528LF UT WOS:000272446300001 ER PT J AU Rafferty, SD Blazer, VS Pinkney, AE Grazio, JL Obert, EC Boughton, L AF Rafferty, Sean D. Blazer, Vicki S. Pinkney, Alfred E. Grazio, James L. Obert, Eric C. Boughton, Lori TI A historical perspective on the "fish tumors or other deformities" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Tumors; Liver neoplasia; Skin neoplasia; Areas of Concern; Brown bullhead ID BULLHEAD AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; SOLE PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; NEW-YORK-STATE; BROWN BULLHEAD; AMERIURUS-NEBULOSUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS AB The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines Areas of Concern as geographic areas that fail to meet the general or specific objectives of the agreement where such failure has caused or is likely to cause impairment of beneficial use of the area's ability to support aquatic life. One of the beneficial use impairments, fish tumors or other deformities, is defined by the International joint Commission to occur when the incidence rate of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds rates at unimpacted or control sites, or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver tumors in bullhead or suckers. Brown bullhead, a benthic species with a limited home range, have frequently been used as indicator species in U.S. Areas of Concern. While there is strong field evidence for an association between PAH exposure and hepatic neoplasia in brown bullhead, laboratory investigations would strengthen the association. There is less evidence linking specific classes of chemicals in the environment to orocutaneous neoplasia in brown bullhead. Studies on orocutaneous neoplasia of brown bullhead should focus on assessing the presence or absence of viruses and on epidermal exposure to specific chemicals and chemical mixtures. Lastly, the effects of covariates such as length, age, and gender on the prevalence of liver and skin neoplasms should be investigated. This paper reviews the state of science on the fish tumors or other deformities beneficial use impairment. Subsequent papers address specific issues related to this impairment and provide recommendations for standardized criteria. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rafferty, Sean D.; Obert, Eric C.] Penn Sea Grant Penn State Behrend, Tom Ridge Environm Ctr, Erie, PA 16505 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Pinkney, Alfred E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Grazio, James L.; Boughton, Lori] Tom Ridge Environm Ctr, Penn Dept Environm Protect, Erie, PA 16505 USA. RP Rafferty, SD (reprint author), Penn Sea Grant Penn State Behrend, Tom Ridge Environm Ctr, 301 Peninsula Dr,Suite 3, Erie, PA 16505 USA. EM sdr138@psu.edu; vblazer@usgs.gov; fred_pinkney@fws.gov; jagrazio@state.pa.us; eco1@psu.edu; lboughton@state.pa.us NR 109 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 496 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 523FF UT WOS:000272056800003 ER PT J AU Edwards, WJ Soster, FM Matisoff, G Schloesser, DW AF Edwards, William J. Soster, Frederick M. Matisoff, Gerald Schloesser, Donald W. TI The effect of mayfly (Hexagenia spp.) burrowing activity on sediment oxygen demand in western Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hexagenia; Macrobenthos; Population dynamics; Oxygen; Sediments; Lake Erie hypoxia ID EPHEMEROPTERA EPHEMERIDAE; CENTRAL BASIN; GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER; LIMBATA; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB Previous studies support the hypothesis that large numbers of infaunal burrow-irrigating organisms in the western basin of Lake Erie may increase significantly the sediment oxygen demand, thus enhancing the rate of hypolimnetic oxygen depletion. We conducted laboratory experiments to quantify burrow oxygen dynamics and increased oxygen demand resulting from burrow irrigation using two different year classes of Hexagenia spp. nymphs from western Lake Erie during summer, 2006. Using oxygen microelectrodes and hot film anemometry, we simultaneously determined oxygen concentrations and burrow water flow velocities. Burrow oxygen depletion rates ranged from 21.7 mg/nymph/mo for 15 mm nymphs at 23 degrees C to 240.7 mg/nymph/mo for 23 mm nymphs at 13 degrees C. Sealed microcosm experiments demonstrated that mayflies increase the rate of oxygen depletion by 2-5 times that of controls, depending on size of nymph and water temperature, with colder waters having greater impact. At natural population densities, nymph pumping activity increased total sediment oxygen demand 0.3-2.5 times compared to sediments with no mayflies and accounted for 22-71% of the total sediment oxygen demand. Extrapolating laboratory results to the natural system suggest that Hexagenia spp. populations may exert a significant control on oxygen depletion during intermittent stratification. This finding may help explain some of the fluctuations in Hexagenia spp. population densities in western Lake Erie and suggests that mayflies, by causing their own population collapse irrespective of other environmental conditions, may need longer term averages when used as a bio-indicator of the success of pollution-abatement programs in western Lake Erie and possibly throughout the Great Lakes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Edwards, William J.] Niagara Univ, Dept Biol, Lewiston, NY 14092 USA. [Soster, Frederick M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Geosci, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Matisoff, Gerald] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Schloesser, Donald W.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Edwards, WJ (reprint author), Niagara Univ, Dept Biol, Lewiston, NY 14092 USA. EM wje@niagara.edu; fsoster@depauw.edu; gerald.matisoff@case.edu; dschloesser@usgs.gov FU DePauw University; Niagara Undergraduate Research Fellowship; Barbara S. Zimmer Memorial Grant; Niagara Academic Center for Integrated Sciences FX This is contribution 1551 of the Great Lakes Science Center, USGS, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Parts of this project were supported by faculty and student fellowships from DePauw University, a Niagara Undergraduate Research Fellowship, a Barbara S. Zimmer Memorial Grant, and the Niagara Academic Center for Integrated Sciences. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 523FF UT WOS:000272056800004 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Rafferty, SD Baumman, PC Smith, SB Obert, EC AF Blazer, Vicki S. Rafferty, Sean D. Baumman, Paul C. Smith, Stephen B. Obert, Eric C. TI Assessment of the "fish tumors or other deformities" beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus): I. Orocutaneous tumors SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Brown bullhead; Orocutaneous tumors; Neoplasia; Barbel abnormalities ID PRESQUE ISLE BAY; LAKE ERIE TRIBUTARIES; DETROIT RIVER; GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE; NIAGARA RIVER; BLACK RIVER; BIOMARKERS; OHIO AB The "fish tumor or other deformities" beneficial use impairment (BUI) occurs at 9 of the 12 areas of concern (AOC) on Lake Erie. As point sources are mitigated and remediation occurs, AOC are faced with determining delisting criteria. The lack of standardized analyses for this BUI has confounded that process. For orocutaneous tumors, different criteria (presumptive tumors and/or abnormal barbels) and methodology (gross versus microscopic observations) have been used. Hence, this project evaluated tumors at numerous AOC and non-AOC sites and compared methodology. In 1998-2000 the prevalence of presumptive orocutaneous tumors and barbel abnormalities was compared in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected at eight AOC, The Black (46.7%), Buffalo (29.3%), Cuyahoga (58.9%), and Detroit (26.5%) rivers and Presque Isle Bay (28.6%) had high prevalences of orocutaneous tumors, while the Niagara (10%), Maumee (3.9%) and Ashtabula (4.4%) rivers were lower. From 2002 to 2007 the prevalence of orocutaneous tumors at Presque Isle Bay was consistently near 30%. A variety of non-AOC sites, as potential reference sites, were also monitored during this time. By combining years and sites the prevalence of orocutaneous tumors in bullhead (age 2-12 years) at inland lakes was 6.3%, at Long Point Inner Bay was 8.7%, at other bays and harbors was 14.6% and at tributary sites was 12.5%. Overall, 93% of the raised lesions identified as presumptive tumors grossly were verified as neoplasms microscopically. The prevalence of orocutaneous tumors increased with age at both Presque Isle Bay and Long Point Inner Bay, the sites with the largest sample sizes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Rafferty, Sean D.; Obert, Eric C.] Sea Grant Penn Penn State Behrend, Tom Ridge Environm Ctr, Erie, PA 16505 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov; sdr138@psu.edu FU Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Pennsylvania Sea Grant; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Contaminants and National Water Quality Assessment programs FX The authors thank Kathy Spring and Darlene Bowling for preparation of histology slides and Dr. Christine Densmore for providing a critical review of the manuscript. We also thank Jim Grazio, PADEP and the many other people involved with field collections of bullhead. We especially appreciate Dr. John Fournie's (US EPA) critical review of the manuscript and for providing "quality control" for tumor diagnoses and Lori Boughton, PA DEP, for a critical review of the manuscript. The research was funded by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Pennsylvania Sea Grant, the Great Lakes National Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Contaminants and National Water Quality Assessment programs. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 523FF UT WOS:000272056800005 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Rafferty, SD Baumman, PC Smith, SB Obert, EC AF Blazer, Vicki S. Rafferty, Sean D. Baumman, Paul C. Smith, Stephen B. Obert, Eric C. TI Assessment of the "fish tumors or other deformities" beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus): II. Liver neoplasia SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Brown bullhead; Liver tumors; Neoplasia; Preneoplastic lesions ID LAKE-ERIE TRIBUTARIES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BILIARY PAH METABOLITES; PRESQUE ISLE BAY; HEPATIC NEOPLASMS; DETROIT RIVER; NIAGARA RIVER; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; CONTAMINATED SITE; NORTH-AMERICA AB Liver pathology of fishes, including neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions, is widely used as an indicator of exposure to anthropogenic contaminants. By definition, the "fish tumor or other deformities" beneficial use impairment (BUI) at Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOC) includes neoplastic and preneoplastic liver lesions in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) or suckers. Unfortunately, adequate guidelines for defining neoplastic and preneoplastic liver lesions or determining rates at unimpacted control sites were not provided and different criteria have been used. In some cases, only neoplastic changes were used to calculate tumor prevalence, in some both neoplastic and preneoplastic changes and in some it is difficult to determine which changes were included. Using standardized criteria, the prevalence of liver neoplasia. was compared at eight AOC during 1998-2000. The Cuyahoga River had the highest prevalence (25.0%), while the Maumee River had the lowest (3.9%). The Buffalo (4.8%), Detroit (5.9%), Ashtabula (6.8%), Niagara (7.5%) and Black (8.9%) rivers were intermediate, as was Presque Isle Bay (7.1%). From 2002 to 2007 the prevalence of liver neoplasia at Presque Isle Bay ranged from a low of 2.1% (2002) to a high of 12.0% (2007). Non-AOC sites, as potential reference sites, also were monitored during this time. By combining years and sites, the prevalence of liver neoplasia in bullhead (aged 2 to 12 years) at inland lakes was 0.7%, at bays/harbors was 1.6% and at tributary sites was 4.1%. This is the same trend (inland lakes= 150 mm) had the highest proportion (86.1%) of salmon eggs in their diet. The contribution of zooplankton and chironomids in the diet of fallfish decreased with fish size. Except for the two largest groups of fallfish examined (i.e., 100-149 mm and >= 150 mm) diet overlap among size groups was low. The high contribution in the diet during the fall and high caloric value of Pacific salmon eggs could increase growth and survival of this species in the Salmon River. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, James H.; Nack, Christopher C.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov.ph; cnack@usgs.gov; mchalupnicki@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 630 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.001 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 523FF UT WOS:000272056800017 ER PT J AU Mitrovich, MJ Diffendorfer, JE Fisher, RN AF Mitrovich, Milan J. Diffendorfer, Jay E. Fisher, Robert N. TI Behavioral Response of the Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum) to Habitat Fragment Size and Isolation in an Urban Landscape SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPACE-USE RESPONSES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MICROTUS-OECONOMUS; HOME RANGES; SNAKES; CONSERVATION; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY; USA; POPULATIONS AB Habitat fragmentation is a significant threat to biodiversity worldwide. Habitat loss and the isolation of habitat fragments disrupt biological communities, accelerate the extinction of populations, and often lead to the alteration of behavioral patterns typical of individuals in large, contiguous natural areas. We used radio-telemetry to study the space-use behavior of the Coachwhip, a larger-bodied, wide-ranging snake species threatened by habitat fragmentation, in fragmented and contiguous areas of coastal southern California. We tracked 24 individuals at three sites over two years. Movement patterns of Coachwhips changed in habitat fragments. As area available to the snakes was reduced, individuals faced increased crowding, had smaller home-range sizes, tolerated greater home-range overlap, and showed more concentrated movement activity and convoluted movement pathways. The behavioral response shown by Coachwhips suggests, on a regional level, area-effects alone cannot explain observed extinctions on habitat fragments but, instead, suggests changes in habitat configuration are more likely to explain the decline of this species. Ultimately, if "edge-exposure" is a common cause of decline, then isolated fragments, appropriately buffered to reduce emigration and edge effects, may support viable populations of fragmentation-sensitive species. C1 [Mitrovich, Milan J.; Diffendorfer, Jay E.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Diffendorfer, Jay E.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Mitrovich, MJ (reprint author), Green Shield Ecol Inc, 15360 Barranca Pkwy, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. EM milan.mitrovich@gmail.com; jediffendorfer@usgs.gov; rfisher@usgs.gov OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Estuarine Research Reserve System, San Diego State University [NA17OR1185]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Research was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Estuarine Research Reserve System dissertation fellowship (NA17OR1185) to MJM, San Diego State University, and U.S. Geological Survey. We thank C. Rochester for help training MJM with surgical procedures, and S. Fedorchak, M. Parish, K. Steeves and N. Kowalski with collection of field data. The California Department of Parks and Recreation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and California Department of Fish and Game allowed us access to land and we appreciate their help as well as staff support during the project. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 24 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 646 EP 656 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 541TZ UT WOS:000273444800010 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Barclay, RMR AF Cryan, Paul M. Barclay, Robert M. R. TI CAUSES OF BAT FATALITIES AT WIND TURBINES: HYPOTHESES AND PREDICTIONS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE attraction; bats; causes; collision; migration; mitigation; mortality; wind energy ID ENERGY FACILITIES; PIPISTRELLUS-SUBFLAVUS; NORTH-AMERICA; TELL US; MIGRATION; BIRDS; AEROECOLOGY; PATTERNS; LASIURUS; BEHAVIOR AB Thousands of industrial-scale wind turbines are being built across the world each year to meet the growing demand for sustainable energy. Bats of certain species are dying at wind turbines in unprecedented numbers. Species of bats consistently affected by turbines tend to be those that rely on trees as roosts and most migrate long distances. Although considerable progress has been made in recent years toward better understanding the problem, the causes of bat fatalities at turbines remain unclear. In this synthesis, we review hypothesized causes of bat fatalities at turbines. Hypotheses of cause fall into 2 general categories-proximate and ultimate. Proximate causes explain the direct means by which bats die at turbines and include collision with towers and rotating blades, and barotrauma. Ultimate causes explain why bats come close to turbines and include 3 general types: random collisions, coincidental collisions, and collisions that result from attraction of bats to turbines. The random collision hypothesis posits that interactions between bats and turbines are random events and that fatalities are representative of the bats present at a site. Coincidental hypotheses posit that certain aspects of bat distribution or behavior put them at risk of collision and include aggregation during migration and seasonal increases in flight activity associated with feeding or mating. A surprising number of attraction hypotheses suggest that bats might be attracted to turbines out of curiosity, misperception, or as potential feeding, roosting, flocking, and mating opportunities. Identifying, prioritizing, and testing hypothesized causes of bat collisions with wind turbines are vital steps toward developing practical solutions to the problem. C1 [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Barclay, Robert M. R.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cryanp@usgs.gov RI Barclay, Robert/D-5514-2012; OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 72 TC 75 Z9 82 U1 11 U2 124 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1330 EP 1340 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-S-076R1.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536YT UT WOS:000273080600007 ER PT J AU Sharp, NW Mitchell, MS Grand, JB AF Sharp, Nicholas W. Mitchell, Michael S. Grand, James B. TI SOURCES, SINKS, AND SPATIAL ECOLOGY OF COTTON MICE IN LONGLEAF PINE STANDS UNDERGOING RESTORATION SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton mouse; fire; longleaf pine; Peromyscus gossypinus; recruitment; reverse time; robust design; source-sink dynamics; survival ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION-GROWTH; LOCAL-POPULATIONS; ROBUST DESIGN; WOODY DEBRIS; MARK; DISPERSAL; MAMMALS; FOREST AB The Fire and Fire Surrogate study-a replicated, manipulative experiment-sought the most economically and ecologically efficient way to restore the nation's fire-maintained ecosystems. As part of this study, we conducted a 3-year mark-recapture study, comprising 105,000 trap-nights, to assess demographic responses of cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) to Fire and Fire Surrogate treatments at the Gulf Coastal Plain site, where longleaf pine was the ecosystem to be restored. We compared competing models to evaluate restoration effects on variation in apparent survival and recruitment over time, space, and treatment, and incorporated measures of available source habitat for cotton mice with reverse-time modeling to infer immigration from outside the study area. The top-ranked survival model contained only variation over time, but the closely ranked 2nd and 3rd models included variation over space and treatment, respectively. The top 4 recruitment models all included effects for availability of source habitat and treatments. Burning appeared to degrade habitat quality for cotton mice, showing demographic characteristics of a sink, but treatments combining fire with thinning of trees or application of herbicide to the understory appeared to improve habitat quality, possibly creating sources. Bottomland hardwoods outside the study also acted as sources by providing immigrants to experimental units. Models suggested that population dynamics operated over multiple spatial scales. Treatments applied to 15-ha stands probably only caused local variation in vital rates within the larger population. C1 [Mitchell, Michael S.; Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sharp, NW (reprint author), State Lands Div, 64 N Union St,Suite 464, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA. EM nicholas.w.sharp@gmail.com RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 FU United States Department. of Agriculture Forest Service FX We thank all the field technicians who so ably assisted with data collection. K. Outcalt coordinated joint Fire and Fire Surrogate research at the Gulf Coastal Plain site. S. Converse provided valuable assistance with program MARK, model development, and editorial review. We thank F. S. Dobson, M. J. Reynolds-Hogland, B. J. Danielson, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments. J. Christian provided administrative Support. K. Kleiner contributed the geographic information system map layer of bottomland hardwoods and swamps. This is contribution 71 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Research Project. This research was funded by the United States Department. of Agriculture Forest Service through the National Fire Plan. Although the authors received no direct funding for this research from the United States Joint Fire Science Program, it wits greatly facilitated by the Joint Fire Science Program support of existing Fire and Fire Surrogate project sites. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1440 EP 1448 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-064R2.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536YT UT WOS:000273080600019 ER PT J AU DeCrappeo, NM Bottomley, PJ Myrold, DD Brewer, EA DeLorenze, EJ Pyke, DA AF DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Bottomley, P. J. Myrold, D. D. Brewer, E. A. DeLorenze, E. J. Pyke, D. A. TI THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOIL BACTERIA AND FUNGI TO INORGANIC NITROGEN CYCLING IN SAGEBRUSH AND CHEATGRASS RHIZOSPHERE SOILS. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [DeCrappeo, Nicole M.; DeLorenze, E. J.; Pyke, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [DeCrappeo, Nicole M.; Bottomley, P. J.; Myrold, D. D.; Brewer, E. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Myrold, David/E-1813-2011 OI Myrold, David/0000-0001-6418-226X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 323 EP 324 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300069 ER PT J AU Szlavecz, K Pouyat, RV Carroll, W Lev, SM Groffman, PM Casey, R Landa, ER AF Szlavecz, Katalin Pouyat, R. V. Carroll, W. Lev, S. M. Groffman, P. M. Casey, R. Landa, E. R. TI URBAN SOIL FAUNA AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: EXAMPLES FROM THE BALTIMORE ECOSYSTEM STUDY. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pouyat, R. V.] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Carroll, W.; Lev, S. M.] Towson Univ, Urban Environm Biogeochem Lab, Towson, MD USA. [Groffman, P. M.; Casey, R.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbtook, NY USA. [Landa, E. R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300227 ER PT J AU Serieyssol, CA Edlund, MB Kallemeyn, LW AF Serieyssol, C. A. Edlund, M. B. Kallemeyn, L. W. TI Impacts of settlement, damming, and hydromanagement in two boreal lakes: a comparative paleolimnological study SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; Human impacts; BACI; Climate change; Minnesota; Ontario ID WATER-QUALITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; SHIELD LAKES; FOOD-WEB; DAMS; SEDIMENTS; ACCUMULATION; RESERVOIRS; MINNESOTA AB Namakan Lake, located in shared border waters in northeastern Minnesota and northwestern Ontario, was subjected to several anthropogenic impacts including logging, damming, water-level manipulations, and perhaps climate change. We used paleolimnology to determine how these stressors impacted Namakan Lake in comparison to a control lake (Lac La Croix) that was not subject to damming and hydromanagement. One core was retrieved from each lake for (210)Pb dating and analysis of loss-on-ignition and diatom composition. (210)Pb-derived chronologies from the cores indicated that sediment accumulation increased after logging and damming in Namakan Lake; Lac La Croix showed no significant change. Loss-on-ignition analysis also showed an increase in concentration and accumulation of inorganic material after damming in Namakan Lake; again, minimal changes were observed in Lac La Croix. Diatom communities in both lakes displayed community shifts at the peak of logging. Simultaneous, post-1970s diatom community changes may reflect regional climate warming. Taxonomic richness in Namakan Lake decreased sharply after damming and the peak of logging, and was followed by a slow recovery to taxonomic richness similar to that prior to damming. Ecological variability among post-damming diatom communities, however, was greater in Namakan Lake than in Lac La Croix. A diatom calibration set was used to reconstruct historical conductivity and total phosphorus (TP). Lac La Croix showed little historical change in conductivity and TP. In contrast, conductivity increased for several decades in Namakan Lake after damming, possibly in relation to several large fires and flooding. Total phosphorus also increased in Namakan Lake after damming, with a possible decrease in the last decade to pre-damming TP levels. C1 [Serieyssol, C. A.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Edlund, M. B.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Marine St Croix, MN 55407 USA. [Kallemeyn, L. W.] CERC Int Falls Biol Stn, USGS, Int Falls, MN 56449 USA. RP Serieyssol, CA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM seri0026@umn.edu FU United States Geological Survey [PM15-94151] FX This project was funded by the United States Geological Survey (PM15-94151). Special thanks to Mary Graves, Culture Resources Specialist in International Falls, Andrew Jourdain and the Lac La Croix First Nation for technical assistance on Lac La Croix, Ryan Maki at Voyageurs National Park for collecting environmental data, Erin Mortenson (Saint Croix Watershed Research Station) for sediment dating, Rick Cousins (Lake of the Wood Control Board) and the Water Survey of Canada for providing hydrological and governance information, Kathleen Ruhland, Andrew Paterson, Joy Ramstack, and Euan Reavie for sharing an unpublished calibration set for northern Minnesota and northwestern Ontario, Steve Juggins for sharing his statistical expertise, Joy Ramstack for providing answers to many questions and Andrew Paterson, Euan Reavie and Kathleen Ruhland for providing valuable comments on earlier drafts. NR 83 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 42 IS 4 BP 497 EP 513 DI 10.1007/s10933-008-9300-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 518ZS UT WOS:000271735400004 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD AF Lafferty, Kevin D. TI ACCEPTANCE OF THE 2009 HENRY BALDWIN WARD MEDAL: THE ACCIDENTAL PARASITOLOGIST SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1271 DI 10.1645/GE-2307.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 549QJ UT WOS:000274068400004 PM 19778157 ER PT J AU Paech, SJ Mecikalski, JR Sumner, DM Pathak, CS Wu, QL Islam, S Sangoyomi, T AF Paech, Simon J. Mecikalski, John R. Sumner, David M. Pathak, Chandra S. Wu, Quinlong Islam, Shafiqul Sangoyomi, Taiye TI A Calibrated, High-Resolution GOES Satellite Solar Insolation Product for a Climatology of Florida Evapotranspiration1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE solar insolation; evapotranspiration; remote sensing; water resources management; reference evapotranspiration; Penman-Monteith ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; SURFACE INSOLATION; PHYSICAL MODEL; METEOSAT DATA; REAL-TIME; RADIATION; IRRADIANCE; FLUXES; SCALE; EVAPORATION AB Estimates of incoming solar radiation (insolation) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite observations have been produced for the state of Florida over a 10-year period (1995-2004). These insolation estimates were developed into well-calibrated half-hourly and daily integrated solar insolation fields over the state at 2 km resolution, in addition to a 2-week running minimum surface albedo product. Model results of the daily integrated insolation were compared with ground-based pyranometers, and as a result, the entire dataset was calibrated. This calibration was accomplished through a three-step process: (1) comparison with ground-based pyranometer measurements on clear (noncloudy) reference days, (2) correcting for a bias related to cloudiness, and (3) deriving a monthly bias correction factor. Precalibration results indicated good model performance, with a station-averaged model error of 2.2 MJ m-2/day (13%). Calibration reduced errors to 1.7 MJ m-2/day (10%), and also removed temporal-related, seasonal-related, and satellite sensor-related biases. The calibrated insolation dataset will subsequently be used by state of Florida Water Management Districts to produce statewide, 2-km resolution maps of estimated daily reference and potential evapotranspiration for water management-related activities. C1 [Paech, Simon J.; Mecikalski, John R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Sumner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL USA. [Pathak, Chandra S.; Wu, Quinlong; Sangoyomi, Taiye] S Florida Water Management Dist, Operat & Hydro Data Management Div, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Islam, Shafiqul] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Paech, SJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM johnm@nsstc.uah.edu FU State of Florida WMD: St. Johns River, South Florida, Southwest Florida, Suwannee River, and Northwest Florida; U.S. Geological Survey Research [05ERAG0027] FX We would like to thank the following people for their contributions, cooperation, and patience that made this work possible: George Robinson of St. Johns River WMD, Michael Hancock of Southwest Florida WMD, and Jennifer Jacobs of the University of New Hampshire. We also acknowledge funding support for this project from the State of Florida WMD: St. Johns River, South Florida, Southwest Florida, Suwannee River, and Northwest Florida. This work was made possible by U.S. Geological Survey Research Grant 05ERAG0027. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1328 EP 1342 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00366.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 528JD UT WOS:000272439300002 ER PT J AU Densmore, RV Karle, KF AF Densmore, Roseann V. Karle, Kenneth F. TI Flood Effects on an Alaskan Stream Restoration Project: The Value of Long-Term Monitoring1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE stream restoration; long-term monitoring; riparian revegetation; flooding; sediment transport; Alaska ID RIVER RESTORATION; CHANNEL; DESIGN AB On a nationwide basis, few stream restoration projects have long-term programs in place to monitor the effects of floods on channel and floodplain configuration and floodplain vegetation, but long-term and event-based monitoring is required to measure the effects of these stochastic events and to use the knowledge for adaptive management and the design of future projects. This paper describes a long-term monitoring effort (15 years) on a stream restoration project in Glen Creek in Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska. The stream channel and floodplain of Glen Creek had been severely degraded over a period of 80 years by placer mining for gold, which left many reaches with unstable and incised streambeds without functioning vegetated floodplains. The objectives of the original project, initiated in 1991, were to develop and test methods for the hydraulic design of channel and floodplain morphology and for floodplain stabilization and riparian habitat recovery, and to conduct research and monitoring to provide information for future projects in similar degraded watersheds. Monitoring methods included surveyed stream cross-sections, vegetation plots, and aerial, ground, and satellite photos. In this paper we address the immediate and outlying effects of a 25-year flood on the stream and floodplain geometry and riparian vegetation. The long-term monitoring revealed that significant channel widening occurred following the flood, likely caused by excessive upstream sediment loading and the fairly slow development of floodplain vegetation in this climate. Our results illustrated design flaws, particularly in regard to identification and analysis of sediment sources and the dominant processes of channel adjustment. C1 [Densmore, Roseann V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Hydraul Mapping & Modeling, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA. RP Densmore, RV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rdensmore@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center FX We are grateful to P. Brease and G. Adema for major assistance with this project, and to T. Brabets and P. Holloway for helpful comments on the manuscript. Jayne Belnap identified taxa in the cryptogamic crust. This study was funded through the U.S. National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1433 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00373.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 528JD UT WOS:000272439300009 ER PT J AU Steuer, JJ Bales, JD Giddings, EMP AF Steuer, Jeffrey J. Bales, Jerad D. Giddings, E. M. P. TI Relationship of stream ecological conditions to simulated hydraulic metrics across a gradient of basin urbanization SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY MAY, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE hydraulic modeling; algae; macroinvertebrates; fish ID CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; FLOW VARIABILITY; HABITAT; RIVERS; FISH; INVERTEBRATES; SEDIMENT; REFUGIA AB The relationships among urbanization, stream hydraulics, and aquatic biology were investigated across a gradient of urbanization in 30 small basins in eastern Wisconsin, USA. Simulation of hydraulic metrics with 1-dimensional unsteady flow models was an effective means for mechanistically coupling the effects of urbanization with stream ecological conditions (i.e., algae, invertebrates, and fish). Urbanization, characterized by household, road, and urban land density, was positively correlated with the lowest shear stress for 2 adjacent transects in a reach for the low-flow summer (p < 0.001) and autumn (p < 0.01) periods. Urbanization also was positively correlated with Reynolds number and % exposed stream bed during months with moderate to low flows. Our study demonstrated the value of temporally and spatially explicit hydraulic models for providing mechanistic insight into the relationships between hydraulic variables and biological responses. For example, the positive correlation between filter-feeding invertebrate richness and minimum 2-transect shear stress observed in our study is consistent with a higher concentration of water-column particulates available for filtration. The strength of correlations between hydraulic and biological metrics is related to the time period (annual, seasonal, or monthly) considered. The hydraulic modeling approach, whether based on hourly or daily flow data, allowed documentation of the effects of a spatially variable response within a reach, and the results suggest that stream response to urbanization varies with hydraulic habitat type. C1 [Steuer, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53562 USA. [Bales, Jerad D.; Giddings, E. M. P.] US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Steuer, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Madison, WI 53562 USA. EM jjsteuer@usgs.gov; jdbales@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 955 EP 976 DI 10.1899/08-157.1 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 547KM UT WOS:000273886000017 ER PT J AU Carter, JL Purcell, AH Fend, SV Resh, VH AF Carter, James L. Purcell, Alison H. Fend, Steve V. Resh, Vincent H. TI Development of a local-scale urban stream assessment method using benthic macroinvertebrates: an example from the Santa Clara Basin, California SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY MAY, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE multimetric biological index; urban gradient; quantile regression; predicted biological potential; hierarchical partitioning ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ASSESSMENT TOOLS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CATCHMENTS; REGRESSION; URBANIZATION; ASSEMBLAGES; IMPACTS; INDEX AB Research that explores the biological response to urbanization on a site-specific scale is necessary for management of urban basins. Recent studies have proposed a method to characterize the biological response of benthic macroinvertebrates along an urban gradient for several climatic regions in the USA. Our study demonstrates how this general framework can be refined and applied on a smaller scale to an urbanized basin, the Santa Clara Basin (surrounding San Jose, California, USA). Eighty-four sampling sites on 14 streams in the Santa Clara Basin were used for assessing local stream conditions. First, an urban index composed of human population density, road density, and % urban land cover was used to determine the extent of urbanization upstream from each sampling site. Second, a multimetric biological index was developed to characterize the response of macroinvertebrate assemblages along the urban gradient. The resulting biological index included metrics from 3 ecological categories: taxonomic composition (% Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera), functional feeding group (shredder richness), and habit (% clingers). The 90(th)-quantile regression line was used to define the best available biological conditions along the urban gradient, which we define as the predicted biological potential. This descriptor was then used to determine the relative condition of sites throughout the basin. Hierarchical partitioning of variance revealed that several site-specific variables (dissolved O(2) and temperature) were significantly related to a site's deviation from its predicted biological potential. Spatial analysis of each site's deviation from its biological potential indicated geographic heterogeneity in the distribution of impaired sites. The presence and operation of local dams optimize water use, but modify natural flow regimes, which in turn influence stream habitat, dissolved O(2), and temperature. Current dissolved O(2) and temperature regimes deviate from natural conditions and appear to affect benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. The assessment methods presented in our study provide finer-scale assessment tools for managers in urban basins. C1 [Carter, James L.; Fend, Steve V.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Purcell, Alison H.; Resh, Vincent H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carter, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlcarter@usgs.gov; apurcell@humboldt.edu; svfend@usgs.gov; vresh@nature.berkeley.edu NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 28 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1021 DI 10.1899/08-159.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 547KM UT WOS:000273886000020 ER PT J AU Brown, LR Cuffney, TF Coles, JF Fitzpatrick, F McMahon, G Steuer, J Bell, AH May, JT AF Brown, Larry R. Cuffney, Thomas F. Coles, James F. Fitzpatrick, Faith McMahon, Gerard Steuer, Jeffrey Bell, Amanda H. May, Jason T. TI Urban streams across the USA: lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY MAY, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE urbanization; urban intensity; algae; diatoms; macroinvertebrates; fishes ID CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; FISH COMMUNITIES; ILLINOIS STREAMS; ASSESSMENT TOOLS AB Studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have usually focused on single metropolitan areas. Synthesis of the results of such studies have been useful in developing general conceptual models of the effects of urbanization, but the strength of such generalizations is enhanced by applying consistent study designs and methods to multiple metropolitan areas across large geographic scales. We summarized the results from studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in 9 metropolitan areas across the US (Boston, Massachusetts; Raleigh, North Carolina; Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; Denver, Colorado; Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Portland, Oregon). These studies were conducted as part of the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program and were based on a common study design and used standard sample-collection and processing methods to facilitate comparisons among study areas. All studies included evaluations of hydrology, physical habitat, water quality, and biota (algae, macroinvertebrates, fish). Four major conclusions emerged from the studies. First, responses of hydrologic, physical-habitat, water-quality, and biotic variables to urbanization varied among metropolitan areas, except that insecticide inputs consistently increased with urbanization. Second, prior land use, primarily forest and agriculture, appeared to be the most important determinant of the response of biota to urbanization in the areas we studied. Third, little evidence was found for resistance to the effects of urbanization by macroinvertebrate assemblages, even at low levels of urbanization. Fourth, benthic macroinvertebrates have important advantages for assessing the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems relative to algae and fishes. Overall, our results demonstrate regional differences in the effects of urbanization on stream biota and suggest additional studies to elucidate the causes of these underlying differences. C1 [Brown, Larry R.; May, Jason T.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.; McMahon, Gerard] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Coles, James F.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Faith; Steuer, Jeffrey; Bell, Amanda H.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov; tcuffney@usgs.gov; jcoles@usgs.gov; fafitzpa@usgs.gov; gmcmahon@usgs.gov; jjsteuer@usgs.gov; ahbell@usgs.gov; jasonmay@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 7 U2 98 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1069 DI 10.1899/08-153.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 547KM UT WOS:000273886000023 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Pastor, J AF De Jager, Nathan R. Pastor, John TI Declines in moose population density at Isle Royle National Park, MI, USA and accompanied changes in landscape patterns SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herbivory; Landscape patterns; Moose; Plant-animal interactions; Population dynamics; Semivariance ID FREE-RANGING MOOSE; BOREAL FORESTS; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; URINE DEPOSITION; LARGE HERBIVORES; BALSAM FIR; SCOTS PINE; VEGETATION; ROYALE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Ungulate herbivores create patterns of forage availability, plant species composition, and soil fertility as they range across large landscapes and consume large quantities of plant material. Over time, herbivore populations fluctuate, producing great potential for spatio-temporal landscape dynamics. In this study, we extend the spatial and temporal extent of a long-term investigation of the relationship of landscape patterns to moose foraging behavior at Isle Royale National Park, MI. We examined how patterns of browse availability and consumption, plant basal area, and soil fertility changed during a recent decline in the moose population. We used geostatistics to examine changes in the nature of spatial patterns in two valleys over 18 years and across short-range and long-range distance scales. Landscape patterns of available and consumed browse changed from either repeated patches or randomly distributed patches in 1988-1992 to random point distributions by 2007 after a recent record high peak followed by a rapid decline in the moose population. Patterns of available and consumed browse became decoupled during the moose population low, which is in contrast to coupled patterns during the earlier high moose population. Distributions of plant basal area and soil nitrogen availability also switched from repeated patches to randomly distributed patches in one valley and to random point distributions in the other valley. Rapid declines in moose population density may release vegetation and soil fertility from browsing pressure and in turn create random landscape patterns. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [De Jager, Nathan R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Pastor, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov RI De Jager, Nathan/B-8470-2013; Pastor, John/F-6241-2011; OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank John Briggs, Knut Kielland and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments which helped us improve the paper. The staff of Isle Royale National Park provided valuable logistic support. Bradley Dewey analyzed the resin bag samples and assisted with field work during the 18 years spanning this research. This research and the earlier research of Pastor et al. (1998) were funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-term Research in Environmental Biology Program. Without the continuous support of this program, this research would not have been possible, and we thank the officers, staff and review panels of NSF for making it so. NR 87 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1389 EP 1403 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9390-4 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 519ZP UT WOS:000271809800010 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Runkel, RL AF Kimball, Briant A. Runkel, Robert L. TI Spatially Detailed Quantification of Metal Loading for Decision Making: Metal Mass Loading to American Fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Metal loading; Mine drainage; Multivariate analysis; Remediation; Synoptic sampling; Tracer dilution; Utah ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; COLORADO; TRANSPORT; STREAMS; CREEK; CYCLES; RIVER; USA AB Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This approach can quantify annual loading and the temporal changes in load, but does not provide the needed spatial detail to evaluate specific sources, which is needed to support remediation decisions. A catchment or mass-loading approach provides spatial detail by combining tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods to quantify loading. Examples of studies in American Fork, Utah, and its tributary Mary Ellen Gulch illustrate this different approach. The mass-loading study in American Fork treated Mary Ellen Gulch as a single inflow. From that point of view, Mary Ellen Gulch was one of the greatest sources of Fe, Mn, Zn, and colloidal Pb loads to American Fork. But when Mary Ellen Gulch was evaluated in a separate catchment study, the detailed locations of metal loading were identified, and the extent of metal attenuation upstream from the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch was quantified. The net, instantaneous load measured at the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch for remediation planning would greatly underestimate the contributions of principal sources within the catchment. Extending the detailed sampling downstream from Mary Ellen Gulch indicated the possibility of diffuse groundwater inflow from Mary Ellen Gulch to American Fork. Comparing loads for Mary Ellen Gulch in the two studies indicates that metal loads could be substantially underestimated for planning purposes without the detailed catchment approach for the low-flow conditions in these studies. A mass-loading approach provides both the needed quantification of metal loading and the spatial detail to guide remediation decisions that would be the most effective in the catchments. C1 [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM bkimball@usgs.gov FU U.S. Forest Service (USFS); U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Valuable field assistance was provided by Susan Brockner, Robert Broshears, Jon Evans, Martel Fisher, Linda Gerner, and Kevin Johnson of the USGS and by Robert Gesy and Chad Hunerlick from the USFS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 274 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 663SO UT WOS:000282910400004 ER PT J AU Cronin, MA Mechi, LD AF Cronin, Matthew A. Mechi, L. David TI Problems with the claim of ecotype and taxon status of the wolf in the Great Lakes region SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT News Item ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; WOLVES C1 [Cronin, Matthew A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Mechi, L. David] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Cronin, MA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, 533 E Fireweed Ave, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM ffmac1@uaf.edu NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 24 BP 4991 EP 4993 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04431.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 528NN UT WOS:000272452700003 PM 19919590 ER PT J AU Schulz, WH Kean, JW Wang, GH AF Schulz, William H. Kean, Jason W. Wang, Gonghui TI Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES; VELOCITY; SHEAR AB Landslides are among the most hazardous of geological processes, causing thousands of casualties and damage on the order of billions of dollars annually(1). The movement of most landslides occurs along a discrete shear surface, and is triggered by a reduction in the frictional strength of the surface(2). Infiltration of water into the landslide from rainfall and snowmelt and ground motion from earthquakes are generally implicated in lowering the frictional strength of this surface. However, solid-Earth and ocean tides have recently been shown to trigger shear sliding in other processes, such as earthquakes and glacial motion(3-6). Here we use observations and numerical modelling to show that a similar process atmospheric tides-can trigger movement in an ongoing landslide. The Slumgullion landslide, located in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, shows daily movement, primarily during diurnal low tides of the atmosphere. According to our model, the tidal changes in air pressure cause air and water in the sediment pores to flow vertically, altering the frictional stress of the shear surface; upward fluid flow during periods of atmospheric low pressure is most conducive to sliding. We suggest that tidally modulated changes in shear strength may also affect the stability of other landslides, and that the rapid pressure variations associated with some fast-moving storm systems could trigger a similar response. C1 [Schulz, William H.; Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Schulz, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wschulz@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 12 BP 863 EP 866 DI 10.1038/ngeo659 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 525TO UT WOS:000272239400020 ER PT J AU Naughton, GP Jepson, MA Peery, CA Brun, CV Graham, JC AF Naughton, George P. Jepson, Michael A. Peery, Christopher A. Brun, Christopher V. Graham, Jennifer C. TI Effects of Temporary Tributary Use on Escapement Estimates of Adult Fall Chinook Salmon in the Deschutes River, Oregon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SNAKE RIVERS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; COLUMBIA RIVER; MIGRATION; HYDROSYSTEM; STEELHEAD; RATES AB International managers use escapement estimates of the Deschutes River, Oregon, population of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to forecast abundance and assess population health. Fish are externally marked in the Deschutes River, and a subsample of the marked fish is recovered on the spawning grounds to provide data for estimating escapement. Escapement would be overestimated if some of the marked fish exited the Deschutes River prior to spawning (i.e., used this tributary temporarily). We used mark-recapture and radiotelemetry techniques to calculate (1) the proportion of adult fall Chinook salmon that entered the Deschutes River and subsequently exited the river prior to spawning and (2) the effect of such temporary entrances on spawning ground escapement estimates. We used separate criteria to calculate maximum and minimum temporary tributary use rates, which were then used to adjust the escapement estimates made with external-tag data alone. Over the 3 years of study, the adjusted estimates were approximately 4-29% lower than the unadjusted estimates. We conclude that failure to adjust escapement estimates for temporary tributary use might lead to inflated harvest targets. To partially account for temporary tributary use, the lower 95% confidence limit for an escapement estimate could be used to regulate harvest. C1 [Naughton, George P.; Jepson, Michael A.; Peery, Christopher A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Brun, Christopher V.; Graham, Jennifer C.] Oregon Dept Nat Resources, Parkdale, OR 97041 USA. RP Naughton, GP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 18, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. EM naughton@uidaho.edu FU PSC's USCTC FX Many people provided time and assistance during the course of this study: K. Tolotti, C. Morat, D. Quaempts, M. Morasch, D. Joosten, E. Johnson, M. Doulos, M. Heinrich, and S. Lee helped with field operations and collection and processing of telemetry data at the University of Idaho; and L. Jim, S. Jim, L. Slockish, R. Jackson, O. Meanis, S. Pribly, A. Santos, B. Sutton, and E. Scott of CTWSRO helped with field operations. We thank C. Williams and M. Keefer (University of Idaho) for statistical advice and helpful reviews. Reviews by William Connor and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The PSC's USCTC provided most of the funding for this project. The USACE also provided funding under the administration of M. Langeslay and R. Dach. We thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing the spawning ground escapement data. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1511 EP 1518 DI 10.1577/M08-159.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000277113800001 ER PT J AU Hamilton, BT Moore, SE Williams, TB Darby, N Vinson, MR AF Hamilton, Bryan T. Moore, Steve E. Williams, Tod B. Darby, Neal Vinson, Mark R. TI Comparative Effects of Rotenone and Antimycin on Macroinvertebrate Diversity in Two Streams in Great Basin National Park, Nevada SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; RIVER; HOMOGENIZATION; VEGETATION; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE; COLUMBIA AB We used rotenone and antimycin A to eradicate nonnative rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis as part of a program to reintroduce Bonneville cutthroat trout O. clarkii utah in two streams in Great Basin National Park, Nevada. These treatments followed standard protocols for piscicide application and provided a unique opportunity to compare the effects of the two piscicides on macroinvertebrate diversity over a short spatial and temporal window. Antimycin A had minimal effects on macroinvertebrate diversity. Total species richness and that of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT); total and EPT density; and Simpson index values were reduced significantly more with rotenone than with antimycin. The Hilsenhoff biotic index increased with rotenone but decreased with antimycin A. Rotenone also had greater effects on species composition. The proportions of EPT taxa, shredders, and filterers were less than expected when rotenone was used, whereas scraper proportions were greater than expected. The proportions with antimycin A did not differ from those expected. No taxa were lost from antimycin A-treated sites, but four taxa were still missing from rotenone-treated sites 1 year posttreatment. Of these four taxa, however, two were collected 3 years posttreatment. We suggest that antimycin A be used rather than rotenone if minimizing the effects on macroinvertebrates is important. Recovery was relatively rapid with both piscicides, however, and if the short-term impacts on macroinvertebrates are not a concern, the use of rotenone may be appropriate. C1 [Hamilton, Bryan T.; Williams, Tod B.] Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA. [Moore, Steve E.] Great Smoky Mts Natl Pk, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. [Darby, Neal] Mojave Natl Preserve, Barstow, CA 92311 USA. [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Hamilton, BT (reprint author), Great Basin Natl Pk, 100 Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA. EM bryan_hamilton@nps.gov FU National Park Service FX Project funding and support were provided by the National Park Service. We thank all the volunteers and park employees who collected macroinvertebrates, conducted fish surveys, and ran piscicide stations. Their work has made this project a success. Laura Belica provided a thoughtful review of earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank the reviewers for their thorough comments and suggestions, which greatly improved this manuscript. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1620 EP 1635 DI 10.1577/M08-178.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000277113800010 ER PT J AU Bott, K Kornely, GW Donofrio, MC Elliott, RF Scribner, KT AF Bott, Kristin Kornely, Gregory W. Donofrio, Michael C. Elliott, Robert F. Scribner, Kim T. TI Mixed-Stock Analysis of Lake Sturgeon in the Menominee River Sport Harvest and Adjoining Waters of Lake Michigan SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SOCKEYE-SALMON; GULF STURGEON; GREAT-LAKES; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FISHING MORTALITY; GENETIC-VARIATION; MISSISSIPPI AB Lack of information about the rates and sources of population-specific mortality and habitat use during nonspawning periods has impeded the restoration of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Using eight microsatellite loci and mixed-stock analyses, we estimated the proportional contributions of spawning populations from throughout the Lake Michigan basin (n = 5) to the fall sport fishery in the lower Menominee River, Wisconsin. We compared estimates of harvest composition with estimates from collections made in adjacent open-water habitats in Green Bay. The analyses revealed that 81% (90% confidence interval [CI] = 72.9-89.3%; N = 104) of harvested individuals originated from the Menominee River; all of the bycaught fish originated in adjacent streams. The harvest composition estimates differed significantly from those of open waters immediately offshore (26.7% Menominee River; 90% CI = 9.7-44.8%; N = 36) and across Green Bay (27% Menominee River; 90% CI = 19.5-34.7%; N = 214), indicating that the harvest was not a random sample from across the basin. The harvest composition estimates were not consistent with the estimates of individuals in prespawning condition (females = 50%; males = 83%), suggesting that not all of the harvested fish were staging for spring spawning. The contributions of nontargeted and numerically depressed populations to the fishery are of management concern given efforts to rehabilitate populations. Spatially restricted harvests during nonbreeding periods may not protect numerically depressed populations originating in nearby streams. C1 [Bott, Kristin; Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kornely, Gregory W.; Donofrio, Michael C.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI 54157 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Bott, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kristin.bott@gmail.com FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust; Michigan State University; USFWS; WDNR; MiDNR FX Samples were provided by Tracy Galarowitcz and Rick Damstra, Edward A. Baker, Nancy Auer, Brian Gunderman, Tom Meronek, Tammie Paoli, and Joanne Finnell, as well as commercial fishers around Green Bay and northern Lake Michigan. We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance provided by Kristi Filcek, Scot Libants, and Rainy Shorey. Figure 1 was created by Andrew McAninch. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust and Michigan State University. Additional support was provided by USFWS, WDNR, and MiDNR. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1636 EP 1643 DI 10.1577/M08-211.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000277113800011 ER PT J AU Belcher, CN Jennings, CA AF Belcher, Carolyn N. Jennings, Cecil A. TI Potential Sources of Survey Bias Associated with Hand-Retrieved Longline Catches of Subadult Sharks in Georgia Estuaries SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; YOUNG SANDBAR SHARKS; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; FOOD-HABITS; BONNETHEAD SHARK; CHINCOTEAGUE BAY; SPHYRNA-TIBURO; UNITED-STATES; DAILY RATION; VIRGINIA AB Lunar phase, tide stage, and bait type were examined as potential sources of survey bias affecting catch rates of subadult sharks on hand-retrieved longlines in Georgia estuaries. Sampling occurred during April-September from 2001 to 2003 in eight of Georgia's nine estuaries; this sampling period coincides with the pupping seasons for a variety of shark species. The effects of lunar phase and tide stage on catch rates of sharks were evaluated during 2001 and 2002. The effect of bait type (i.e., squid Loligo spp. or spot Leiostomus xanthurus) on shark catch rates was evaluated during 2003. During 2001 and 2002, 420 subadult sharks representing two families (Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae) and nine species were caught during 212 longline sets. Catch rates were evaluated for the four most commonly occurring shark species: the Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo, blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus, and sandbar shark C. plumbeus. Neither lunar phase nor tide stage affected catch rates of any species other than blacktip sharks. In 2003, longline sets (n = 80) resulted in the capture of 177 subadult sharks from seven species. Overall catch rates were higher with squid bait than with spot, and bait type also affected shark species catch composition. Mean sizes of Atlantic sharpnose sharks were significantly different between the two bait types, indicating a possible ontogenetic shift in bait preference. For example, catch of neonate Atlantic sharpnose sharks was higher on hooks baited with squid than on hooks baited with spot, whereas catch of juveniles was higher on hooks baited with spot. Although timing of sampling events did not influence catch rates of subadult sharks, bait choice could bias estimates of abundance for certain life stages and affect the probability of detecting some species. C1 [Belcher, Carolyn N.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Resources Div, Marine Fisheries Sect, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Belcher, CN (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Resources Div, Marine Fisheries Sect, 1 Conservat Way,Suite 300, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. EM carolyn_belcher@dnr.state.ga.us FU NMFS Apex Predator Program, Narragansett, Rhode Island; NMFS Highly Migratory Species Division, Silver Spring, Maryland; U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX The University of Georgia Marine Extension Service provided the field support and personnel needed to conduct this project. Robert Cooper, Gary Grossman, Gene Helfman, and Randy Walker provided useful comments and editorial suggestions on drafts of this paper. Funding for this project was administered through the NMFS Apex Predator Program, Narragansett, Rhode Island, as part of a larger cooperative grant sponsored by the NMFS Highly Migratory Species Division, Silver Spring, Maryland. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Mention of trade names or commercial firms does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1676 EP 1685 DI 10.1577/M08-152.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000277113800015 ER PT J AU Cho, SJ Caldwell, CA Gould, WR AF Cho, Sung Jin Caldwell, Colleen A. Gould, William R. TI Physiological Stress Responses of Rio Grande Silvery Minnow: Effects of Individual and Multiple Physical Stressors of Handling, Confinement, and Transport SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; GILTHEAD SEA BREAM; LARGEMOUTH BASS; SPARUS-AURATA; TIME-COURSE; ALLEVIATION; QUALITY; WATER AB In an attempt to reestablish populations of Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus within its former range, initiatives were set forth to propagate the species in hatcheries, augment wild populations through repatriation, and rescue the species from isolated and receding pools. Physical stressors associated with these recovery efforts, however, result in stress that increases the vulnerability of the minnow to opportunistic pathogens and predation, possibly decreasing poststocking survival. We assessed the physiological stress response to standard management practices by characterizing the changes in plasma cortisol, glucose, and osmolality. When subjected to the individual stressors of 30 s of handling, 3 h of confinement (density, 100 kg/m(3)), or 3 h of transport (density, 40 kg/m(3)), moderate changes in plasma glucose and plasma osmolality were observed during recovery whereas changes in plasma cortisol were not detectable. When fish were subjected to consecutive stressors (30 s of handling only, 30 s of handling plus 3 h of confinement, or 30 s handling plus 3 h of confinement and 3 h of transport), plasma glucose exhibited a cumulative increase that was not observed for plasma cortisol. This increase in plasma glucose was observed within 3 h poststress when fish were subjected to a single stressor (22 mg/dL), two consecutive stressors (28 mg/dL), and three consecutive stressors (63 mg/dL). Plasma osmolality decreased from 282 to 269 mosmol/kg (compared with unstressed levels of 279 mosmol/kg) when minnows were subjected to three consecutive stressors, indicating moderate osmoregulatory dysfunction. Plasma glucose and osmolality returned to unstressed levels within 48 h, indicating that the species can regain its physiological homeostasis within a relatively short time as long as the stressors are reasonable in duration and intensity. C1 [Caldwell, Colleen A.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gould, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Caldwell, CA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Box 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ccaldwell@nmsu.edu FU Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Act Collaborative Program; U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; New Mexico State University, College of Agriculture and Home Economics Agricultural Experiment Station; Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology FX Major funding for the study was provided by the Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Act Collaborative Program with additional support from U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; New Mexico State University, College of Agriculture and Home Economics Agricultural Experiment Station; and the Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology. J. Landye provided technical assistance with rearing and maintaining the fish, and R. Galindo, D. Myers, M. Anderson, and S. Coleman provided tireless assistance with data collection. Our research received approval from New Mexico State University, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (T and E Permit TE046517-0), and the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (Permit 3033). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1698 EP 1706 DI 10.1577/M09-043.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000277113800017 ER PT J AU Maule, AG VanderKooi, SP Hamilton, JB Stocking, R Bartholomew, J AF Maule, Alec G. VanderKooi, Scott P. Hamilton, John B. Stocking, Richard Bartholomew, Jerri TI Physiological Development and Vulnerability to Ceratomyxa shasta of Fall-Run Chinook Salmon in the Upper Klamath River Watershed SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SMOLTIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; DAMS AB We evaluated a stock for restoring runs of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Upper Klamath River basin by monitoring its development in Iron Gate Hatchery and in net-pens in the Williamson River and Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon. We transferred age-1 hatchery fall Chinook salmon to net-pens in October 2005 and age-0 fall Chinook salmon in May 2006. Indices of smolt development were assessed in the hatchery and after 3 and 14 d in net-pens. Based on gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity and plasma thyroxine (T4) concentration, age-1 Chinook salmon were not developing smolt characteristics in the hatchery during October. Fish transferred to the river or lake had increased plasma cortisol in response to stress and increased T4 accompanying the change in water, but they did not have altered development. Variables in the age-0 Chinook salmon indicated that the fish in the hatchery were smolting. The fish in the river net-pens lost mass and had gill ATPase activity similar to that of the fish in the hatchery, whereas the fish transferred to the lake gained mass and length, had reduced condition factor, and had higher gill ATPase than the fish in the river. These results, along with environmental variables, suggest that the conditions in the lake were more conducive to smoltification than those in the river and thus accelerated the development of Chinook salmon. No Chinook salmon in the hatchery or either net-pen became infected with the myxosporean parasite Ceratomyxa shasta (the presence of which in the river and lake was confirmed) during either trial or when held for 90 d after a 10-d exposure in net-pens (2006 group). We concluded that that there is little evidence of physiological impairment or significant upriver vulnerability to C. shasta among this stock of fall Chinook salmon that would preclude them from being reintroduced into the Upper Klamath River basin. C1 [Maule, Alec G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [VanderKooi, Scott P.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Hamilton, John B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka Fish & Wildlife Off, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. [Stocking, Richard; Bartholomew, Jerri] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Maule, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM amaule@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [113334H006]; Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank Kim Rushton and the staff at the California Department of Fish and Game Iron Gate Hatchery for their excellent cooperation and help throughout the study. We thank Rip Shively at the USGS Klamath Falls Field Station for help with study design and logistics. We also thank Christine Adelsberger, Summer Burdick, Heather Hendrixson, Mark Johnson, Aaron Walker, Katherine Webster, and Alex Wilkens at the USGS Klamath Falls Field Station for help collecting samples; Jodi Charrier, Sally Sauter, and Tom Batt at the USGS Columbia River Research Laboratory for help with data collection; and Richard Holt at Oregon State University for assistance with pathogen exposure studies and fish care. We thank Larry Dunsmoor (Fishery Biologist, Klamath Tribe) for his critical review. Scott Foott, Phil Detrich, and Roxanna Hinzman (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) contributed significantly with their thoughtful reviews of the report. Without the support and cooperation of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, this study would not have been possible. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U. S. Department of Interior or the USGS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under agreement 113334H006. Support for pathogen studies was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1743 EP 1756 DI 10.1577/M08-230.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000277113800021 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Tatara, CP Berejikian, BA Flagg, TA AF Riley, Stephen C. Tatara, Christopher P. Berejikian, Barry A. Flagg, Thomas A. TI Behavior of Steelhead Fry in a Laboratory Stream Is Affected by Fish Density but Not Rearing Environment SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; WILD BROWN TROUT; COHO SALMON; PRIOR RESIDENCE; TERRITORY SIZE; HABITAT USE; BODY-SIZE AB We quantified the aggression, feeding, dominance, position choice, and territory size of naturally reared steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss fry stocked with two types of hatchery-reared fry (from conventional and enriched rearing environments) at two densities in experimental flumes to determine how rearing environment and fish density affect the behavior of steelhead fry. We found that fry density had a significant effect on most response variables but that rearing treatment did not. The rates of threats and attacks were positively correlated with fry density, but the overall feeding rate was negatively correlated. Naturally reared fry were dominant more often at low densities, and hatchery-reared fry were dominant more often at high densities. There were no significant effects of hatchery rearing treatment on aggression, feeding, dominance, or territory size. The only significant effect of rearing treatment was on the position of naturally reared fry, which occupied more upstream positions when stocked with conventional than with enriched hatchery-reared fry. Overall, rearing environment had relatively little influence on the behavior of steelhead fry. Our results indicate that stocking hatchery-reared steelhead fry at low densities may have effects on similar-size wild fish comparable to an equivalent increase in the density of wild fish. We suggest that releasing hatchery-reared steelhead fry as a supplementation strategy may have few direct negative ecological effects on wild fry. C1 [Riley, Stephen C.; Tatara, Christopher P.; Berejikian, Barry A.; Flagg, Thomas A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov FU BPA FX We thank Jeff Atkins, Rob Endicott, Eric Kummerow, Anita LaRae, and Eugene Tezak for assistance in conducting this experiment. Randy Aho and Joel Jacques (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) kindly provided us with steelhead eggs. Loveday Conquest provided statistical advice. We thank D. M. Warner and G. D. McDonald for critical reviews. Funding for this work was provided by BPA. This is contribution 1540 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1806 EP 1818 DI 10.1577/M09-035.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000277113800025 ER PT J AU Kleypas, JA Yates, KK AF Kleypas, Joan A. Yates, Kimberly K. TI Coral Reefs and Ocean Acidification SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE SATURATION; SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; NATURAL INDUCERS; ALGAE HALIMEDA; PHASE-SHIFTS; ELEVATED CO2; CALCIFICATION; DIOXIDE; GROWTH AB Coral reefs were one of the first ecosystems to be recognized as vulnerable to ocean acidification. To date, most scientific investigations into the effects of ocean acidification on coral reefs have been related to the reefs' unique ability to produce voluminous amounts of calcium carbonate. It has been estimated that the main reef-building organisms, corals and calcifying macroalgae, will calcify 10-50% less relative to pre-industrial rates by the middle of this century. This decreased calcification is likely to affect their ability to function within the ecosystem and will almost certainly affect the workings of the ecosystem itself. However, ocean acidification affects not only the organisms, but also the reefs they build. The decline in calcium carbonate production, coupled with an increase in calcium carbonate dissolution, will diminish reef building and the benefits that reefs provide, such as high structural complexity that supports biodiversity on reefs, and breakwater effects that protect shorelines and create quiet habitats for other ecosystems, such as mangroves and seagrass beds. The focus on calcification in reefs is warranted, but the responses of many other organisms, such as fish, noncalcifying algae, and seagrasses, to name a few, deserve a close look as well. C1 [Kleypas, Joan A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Climate & Global Dynam, Boulder, CO USA. [Yates, Kimberly K.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Kleypas, JA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Climate & Global Dynam, Boulder, CO USA. EM kleypas@ucar.edu NR 73 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 22 U2 225 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 IS 4 BP 108 EP 117 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 542BF UT WOS:000273465500017 ER PT J AU Feld, CK da Silva, PM Sousa, JP de Bello, F Bugter, R Grandin, U Hering, D Lavorel, S Mountford, O Pardo, I Partel, M Rombke, J Sandin, L Jones, KB Harrison, P AF Feld, Christian K. da Silva, Pedro Martins Sousa, Jose Paulo de Bello, Francesco Bugter, Rob Grandin, Ulf Hering, Daniel Lavorel, Sandra Mountford, Owen Pardo, Isabel Paertel, Meelis Roembke, Joerg Sandin, Leonard Jones, K. Bruce Harrison, Paula TI Indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem services: a synthesis across ecosystems and spatial scales SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID LARGE EUROPEAN RIVERS; LAND-USE CHANGE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; INVERTEBRATE TRAITS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; PLANT DIVERSITY; FOREST; STATE; CONSERVATION AB According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, common indicators are needed to monitor the loss of biodiversity and the implications for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services. However, a variety of indicators are already being used resulting in many, mostly incompatible, monitoring systems. In order to synthesise the different indicator approaches and to detect gaps in the development of common indicator systems, we examined 531 indicators that have been reported in 617 peer-reviewed journal articles between 1997 and 2007. Special emphasis was placed on comparing indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem services across ecosystems (forests, grass- and shrublands, wetlands, rivers, lakes, soils and agro-ecosystems) and spatial scales (from patch to global scale). The application of biological indicators was found most often focused on regional and finer spatial scales with few indicators applied across ecosystem types. Abiotic indicators, such as physico-chemical parameters and measures of area and fragmentation, are most frequently used at broader (regional to continental) scales. Despite its multiple dimensions, biodiversity is usually equated with species richness only. The functional, structural and genetic components of biodiversity are poorly addressed despite their potential value across habitats and scales. Ecosystem service indicators are mostly used to estimate regulating and supporting services but generally differ between ecosystem types as they reflect ecosystem-specific services. Despite great effort to develop indicator systems over the past decade, there is still a considerable gap in the widespread use of indicators for many of the multiple components of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and a need to develop common monitoring schemes within and across habitats. Filling these gaps is a prerequisite for linking biodiversity dynamics with ecosystem service delivery and to achieving the goals of global and sub-global initiatives to halt the loss of biodiversity. C1 [Feld, Christian K.; Hering, Daniel] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Biol & Geog, DE-45141 Essen, Germany. [Sousa, Jose Paulo] Univ Coimbra, Dept Zool, IMAR CIC, PT-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. [de Bello, Francesco; Lavorel, Sandra] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Ecol Alpine, UMR 5553, FR-38041 Grenoble, France. [Bugter, Rob] Wageningen Univ & Res, ALTERRA, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Grandin, Ulf; Sandin, Leonard] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Environm Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Mountford, Owen] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Huntingdon PE28 2LS, Cambs, England. [Pardo, Isabel] Univ Vigo, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, ES-36310 Vigo, Spain. [Paertel, Meelis] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, ET-51005 Tartu, Estonia. [Roembke, Joerg] ECT Oekotoxikol GmbH, DE-65439 Floersheim, Germany. [Jones, K. Bruce] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Harrison, Paula] Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. RP Feld, CK (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Biol & Geog, Univ Str 2, DE-45141 Essen, Germany. EM christian.feld@uni-due.de RI Partel, Meelis/D-5493-2012; Hering, Daniel/D-4280-2012; Sandin, Leonard/K-4475-2012; Mountford, (John) Owen/A-3162-2013; de Bello, Francesco/H-1582-2014; Sousa, Jose Paulo/H-5407-2011; OI Partel, Meelis/0000-0002-5874-0138; Sandin, Leonard/0000-0003-1685-5305; de Bello, Francesco/0000-0001-9202-8198; Rombke, Jorg/0000-0003-1341-634X; Sousa, Jose Paulo/0000-0001-8045-4296; Martins da Silva, Pedro/0000-0002-5930-264X FU Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission [036890] FX This work was supported by the RUBICODE Coordination Action Project (Rationalising Biodiversity Conservation in Dynamic Ecosystems) funded under the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission (Contract No. 036890). RUBICODE is endorsed by the Global Land Project of the IGBP. NR 66 TC 94 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 229 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2009 VL 118 IS 12 BP 1862 EP 1871 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17860.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526QI UT WOS:000272306900011 ER PT J AU Song, WZ Huang, RJ Shirazi, B LaHusen, R AF Song, Wen-Zhan Huang, Renjie Shirazi, Behrooz LaHusen, Richard TI TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks SO PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE TreeMAC; TDMA; Sensor network; Realtime; High-data-rate; Fairness AB Earlier sensor network MAC protocols focus on energy conservation in low-duty cycle applications, while some recent applications involve real-time high-data-rate signals. This motivates us to design an innovative localized TDMA MAC protocol to achieve high throughput and low congestion in data collection sensor networks, besides energy conservation. TreeMAC divides a time cycle into frames and each frame into slots. A parent node determines the children's frame assignment based on their relative bandwidth demand, and each node calculates its own slot assignment based on its hop-count to the sink. This innovative 2-dimensional frame-slot assignment algorithm has the following nice theory properties. First, given any node, at any time slot, there is at most one active sender in its neighborhood (including itself). Second, the packet scheduling with TreeMAC is bufferless, which therefore minimizes the probability of network congestion. Third, the data throughput to the gateway is at least 1/3 of the optimum assuming reliable links. Our experiments on a 24-node testbed show that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput, fairness, and energy efficiency compared to TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMA MAC protocol Funneling-MAC. Partial results of this paper were published in Song, Huang, Shirazi and Lahusen [W.-Z. Song, R. Huang, B. Shirazi, and R. Lahusen, TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for high-throughput and fairness in sensor networks, in: The 7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom, March 2009]. Our new contributions include analyses of the performance of TreeMAC from various aspects. We also present more implementation detail and evaluate TreeMAC from other aspects. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Wen-Zhan; Huang, Renjie; Shirazi, Behrooz] Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [LaHusen, Richard] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Reston, VA USA. RP Song, WZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM songwz@wsu.edu; renjie_huang@wsu.edu; shirazi@wsu.edu; rlahusen@usgs.gov FU NASA ESTO AIST program; USGS Volcano Hazard program [NNX06AE42G] FX This work is supported by NASA ESTO AIST program and USGS Volcano Hazard program under the research grant NNX06AE42G. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1192 J9 PERVASIVE MOB COMPUT JI Pervasive Mob. Comput. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 750 EP 765 DI 10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.07.004 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA V24FO UT WOS:000208396500007 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT Dubus, IG Surdyk, N AF Nolan, Bernard T. Dubus, Igor G. Surdyk, Nicolas TI A refined lack-of-fit statistic to calibrate pesticide fate models for responsive systems SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pesticides; isoproturon; drains; macropores; MACRO model; inverse modelling ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW; CLAY SOIL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; LEACHING MODELS; ISOPROTURON; FIELD; MACRO; GROUNDWATER; PERFORMANCE; SORPTION AB BACKGROUND: Calibration by inverse modelling was performed with the MACRO transport and fate model using long-term (>10 years) drainflow and isoproturon (IPU) data from western France. Two lack-of-fit (LOF) indices were used to control the inverse modelling: sum of squares (SS) and an alternative statistic called the vertical-horizontal distance integrator (VHDI), which is designed to account for offsets in observed and predicted arrival times of peak IPU concentration. With these data, SS was artificially inflated because it is limited to comparison of predicted and observed IPU concentrations that are concurrent in time. The LOFs were used along with the index of agreement (d) and the correlation coefficient (r) to ascertain the fit of the calibrated models. RESULTS: Predicted arrival times of peak IPU concentration differed somewhat from observed times. All four indices indicated better model fit for the second of two validation periods when inverse modelling was controlled by VHDI rather than SS (SS = 26.4, d = 0.660, r = 0.606 and VHDI = 1.25). The VHDI statistic was markedly lower compared with the uncalibrated model (38.0) and SS calibration results (24.5). The final maximum predicted IPU concentration (44.5 mu g L(-1)) for the calibration period was very similar to the observed value (44 mu g L(-1)). CONCLUSION: VHDI is seen as an effective alternative to SS for calibration and validation of pesticide fate models applied to responsive systems. VHDI provided a more realistic assessment of model performance for the transient flows and short-lived concentrations observed here, and also effectively substituted for the objective function in inverse modelling. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.; Dubus, Igor G.; Surdyk, Nicolas] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans 2, France. [Nolan, Bernard T.] STUDIUM, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Dubus, Igor G.] FOOTWAYS, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM btnolan@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1367 EP 1377 DI 10.1002/ps.1825 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 522IN UT WOS:000271991200015 PM 19670349 ER PT J AU Velpuri, NM Thenkabail, PS Gumma, MK Biradar, C Dheeravath, V Noojipady, P Yuanjie, L AF Velpuri, N. M. Thenkabail, P. S. Gumma, M. K. Biradar, C. Dheeravath, V. Noojipady, P. Yuanjie, L. TI Influence of Resolution in Irrigated Area Mapping and Area Estimation SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID USE/LAND-COVER LULC; TIME-SERIES; WATER; MANAGEMENT; IMAGES; BASIN; INDIA; RICE AB The overarching goal of this paper was to determine how, irrigated areas change with resolution (or scale) of imagery. Specific objectives investigated were to (a),mop irrigated areas using four distinct spatial resolutions (or scales), (b) determine how irrigated areas change with resolutions, and (c) establish the causes of differences in resolution-based irrigated areas. The study was conducted in the very large Krishna River basin (India), which has a high degree of formal contiguous, and informal fragmented irrigated areas. The irrigated areas were mapped using satellite sensor data at four distinct resolutions: (a) NOAA AVHRR Pathfinder 10,000 m, (b) Terra MODIS 500 m, (c) Terra MODIS 250 in, and (d) Landsat ETM+ 30 in. The proportion of irrigated areas relative to Landsat 30 in derived irrigated areas (9.36 million hectares for the Krishna basin) were (a) 95 percent using MODIS 250 m, (b) 93 percent using MODIS 500 in, and (c) 86 percent using AVHRR 10,000 In. In this study, it was found that the precise location of the irrigated areas were better established using finer spatial resolution data. A strong relationship (R(2) = 0.74 to 0.95) was observed between irrigated areas determined using various resolutions. This study proved the hypotheses that "the finer the spatial resolution of the sensor used, greater was the irrigated area derived," since at finer spatial resolutions, fragmented areas are detected better. Accuracies and errors ",ere established consistently for three classes (surface water irrigated, ground water/conjunctive use irrigated, and non-irrigated) across the four resolutions mentioned above. The results showed that the Landsat data provided significantly higher overall accuracies (84 percent) when compared to MODIS 500 in (77 percent.), MODIS 250 in (79 percent), and AVHRR 10,000 m (63 percent). C1 [Velpuri, N. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Thenkabail, P. S.] US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Gumma, M. K.] Int Water Management Inst, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Biradar, C.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dheeravath, V.] United Nations Joint Logist Ctr WFP, Juba, Sudan. [Noojipady, P.; Yuanjie, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Velpuri, N. M.; Thenkabail, P. S.; Gumma, M. K.; Biradar, C.; Dheeravath, V.; Noojipady, P.; Yuanjie, L.] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Velpuri, NM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Excellence, 1021 Medary Ave,Wecota Hall,Box 506B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Manohar.Velpuri@sdstate.edu RI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/A-5193-2013 OI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/0000-0002-6370-1926 FU International Water management Institute's (IWMI) FX This Study was supported by the International Water management Institute's (IWMI) core funding. We want to acknowledge the vision and support shown by Professor Frank Rijsberman, Program Director, Google (formerly Director General of IWMI). We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. The paper has not been internally reviewed by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Hence, the views expressed in the paper are not endorsed by USGS. December 2009 1393 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1395 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 531LX UT WOS:000272668900005 ER PT J AU Baines, KH Delitsky, ML Momary, TW Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Baines, Kevin H. Delitsky, Mona L. Momary, Thomas W. Brown, Robert H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. TI Storm clouds on Saturn: Lightning-induced chemistry and associated materials consistent with Cassini/VIMS spectra SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Saturn:lightning; Cassini-huygens; Visual-infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS); Lightning chemistry; Thunderstorm; Saturn:clouds ID RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATIONS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GALILEO IMAGES; GIANT PLANETS; JUPITER; ATMOSPHERE; DISCHARGE; PHOSPHORUS; AMMONIA AB Thunderstorm activity on Saturn is associated with optically detectable clouds that are atypically dark throughout the near-infrared. As observed by Cassini/VIMS, these clouds are similar to 20% less reflective than typical neighboring Clouds throughout the spectral range from 0.8 mu m to at least 4.1 mu m. We propose that active thunderstorms originating in the 10-20 bar water-condensation region vertically transport dark materials at depth to the similar to 1 bar level where they can be observed. These materials in part may be produced by chemical processes associated with lightning, likely within the water clouds near the similar to 10 bar freezing level of water, as detected by the electrostatic discharge of lightning flashes observed by Cassini/RPWS (e.g., Fischer et al. 2008, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 271-285). We review lightning-induced pyrolytic chemistry involving a variety of Saturnian constituents, including hydrogen, methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, and water. We find that the lack of absorption in the 1-2 mu m spectral region by lightning-generated sulfuric and phosphorous condensates renders these constituents as minor players in determining the color of the dark storm clouds. Relatively small particulates of elemental carbon, formed by lightning-induced dissociation of methane and subsequently upwelled from depth - perhaps embedded within and on the surface of spectrally bright condensates such as ammonium hydrosulfide or ammonia - may be a dominant optical material within the dark thunderstorm-related clouds of Saturn. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baines, Kevin H.; Momary, Thomas W.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Delitsky, Mona L.] Calif Specialty Engn, Flintridge, CA 91012 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Baines, KH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-601,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kevin.baines@jpl.nasa.gov; cal_specialty@yahoo.com; thomas.w.momary@jpl.nasa.gov; rhb@lpl.arizona.edu; bonnie.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov; rclark@usgs.gov; nicholso@astro.cornell.edu NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 14-15 BP 1650 EP 1658 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.025 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 537FR UT WOS:000273099100002 ER PT J AU Baines, KH Momary, TW Fletcher, LN Showman, AP Roos-Serote, M Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Baines, Kevin H. Momary, Thomas W. Fletcher, Leigh N. Showman, Adam P. Roos-Serote, Maarten Brown, Robert H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. TI Saturn's north polar cyclone and hexagon at depth revealed by Cassini/VIMS SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Saturn; Cassini-Huygens; Visual-infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS); Atmospheric dynamics; Polar cyclone; Saturn clouds ID DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE; CONVECTION; JUPITER; PLANETS; VORTEX; JETS; SPOT AB A high-speed cyclonic vortex centered on the north pole of Saturn has been revealed by the visual-infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini-Huygens Orbiter, thus showing that the tropospheres of both poles of Saturn are occupied by cyclonic vortices with winds exceeding 135 m/s. High-spatial-resolution (similar to 200 km per pixel) images acquired predominantly under night-time conditions during Saturn's polar winter-using a thermal wavelength of 5.1 mu m to obtain time-lapsed imagery of discrete, deep-seated (>2.1-bar) Cloud features viewed in silhouette against Saturn's internally generated thermal glow-show a classic cyclonic structure, with prograde winds exceeding 135 m/s at its maximum near 88.3 degrees (planetocentric) latitude, and decreasing to <30 m/s at 89.7 degrees near the vortex center and <20 m/s at 80.5 degrees. High-speed winds, exceeding 125 m/s, were also measured for cloud features at depth near 76 degrees (planetocentric) latitude within the polar hexagon consistent with the idea that the hexagon itself, which remains nearly stationary, is a westward (retrograde) propagating Rossby wave - as proposed by Allison (1990, Science 247,1061-1063) - with a Maximum wave speed near 2-bars pressure of similar to 125 m/s. Winds are similar to 25 m/s stronger than observed by Voyager, suggesting temporal variability. Images acquired of one side of the hexagon in dawn conditions as the polar winter wanes shows the hexagon is still visible in reflected sunlight nearly 28 years since its discovery, that a similar 3-lane structure is observed in reflected and thermal light, and that the cloudtops may be typically lower in the hexagon than in nearby discrete cloud features outside of it. Clouds are well-correlated in visible and 5.1 mu m images, indicating little windshear above the similar to 2-bar level. The polar cyclone is similar in size and shape to its counterpart at the south pole; a primary difference is the presence of a small (<600 km in diameter) nearly pole-centered cloud, perhaps indicative of localized upwelling. Many dozens of discrete, circular cloud features dot the polar region, with typical diameters of 300-700 km. Equatorward of 87.8 degrees N, their compact nature in the high-wind polar environment suggests that vertical shear in horizontal winds may be modest on 1000 km scales. These circular Clouds may be anticyclonic vortices produced by baroclinic instabilities, barotropic instabilities, moist convection or other processes. The existence of cyclones at both poles of Saturn indicates that cyclonic circulation may be an important dynamical style in planets with significant atmospheres. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baines, Kevin H.; Momary, Thomas W.; Fletcher, Leigh N.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Showman, Adam P.; Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Roos-Serote, Maarten] Observ Astron Lisboa, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Baines, KH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-601,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kevin.baines@jpl.nasa.gov; thomas.w.momary@jpl.nasa.gov; Leigh.N.Fletcher@jpl.nasa.gov; showman@lpl.arizona.edu; planet.mrs@gmail.com; rhb@lpl.arizona.edu; bonnie.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov; rclark@usgs.gov; nicholso@astro.cornell.edu RI Fletcher, Leigh/D-6093-2011 OI Fletcher, Leigh/0000-0001-5834-9588 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Cassini/VIMS team members John lvens, Frank Leader, Dyer Lytle, Dan Moynihan, Virginia Pasek, Alan Stevenson, and Bob Watson for much help in the sequence generation, instrument calibration, and data reduction of the maps and spectra used in this paper. We would like to thank Anthony Del Genio and an anonymous referee for their valuable comments. Much of the work described in this paper was carried out in part at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. LNF was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We thank Patrick Irwin and colleagues for the use of the Oxford-based radiative transfer and retrieval code. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 14-15 BP 1671 EP 1681 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.026 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 537FR UT WOS:000273099100004 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Soderblom, JM Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Sotin, C Baines, KH Clark, RN Jaumann, R McCord, TB Nelson, R Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Griffith, C Penteado, P Tosi, F Pitman, KM Soderblom, L Stephan, K Hayne, P Vixie, G Bibring, JP Bellucci, G Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Langevin, Y Matson, DL Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B AF Barnes, Jason W. Soderblom, Jason M. Brown, Robert H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Sotin, Christophe Baines, Kevin H. Clark, Roger N. Jaumann, Ralf McCord, Thomas B. Nelson, Robert Le Mouelic, Stephane Rodriguez, Sebastien Griffith, Caitlin Penteado, Paulo Tosi, Federico Pitman, Karly M. Soderblom, Laurence Stephan, Katrin Hayne, Paul Vixie, Graham Bibring, Jean-Pierre Bellucci, Giancarlo Capaccioni, Fabrizio Cerroni, Priscilla Coradini, Angioletta Cruikshank, Dale P. Drossart, Pierre Formisano, Vittorio Langevin, Yves Matson, Dennis L. Nicholson, Phillip D. Sicardy, Bruno TI VIMS spectral mapping observations of Titan during the Cassini prime mission SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; Cassini; VIMS ID SPECTROMETER VIMS; SURFACE; DIVERSITY; FEATURES; ETHANE; SATURN AB This is a data paper designed to facilitate the use of and comparisons to Cassini/visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) spectral mapping data of Saturn's moon Titan. We present thumbnail orthographic projections of flyby mosaics from each Titan encounter during the Cassini prime mission, 2004 July I through 2008 June 30. For each flyby we also describe the encounter geometry, and we discuss the studies that have previously been published using the VIMS dataset. The resulting compliation of metadata provides a complementary big-picture overview of the VIMS data in the public archive, and should be a useful reference for future Titan studies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnes, Jason W.; Vixie, Graham] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.; Griffith, Caitlin; Penteado, Paulo] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, Bonnie J.; Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Nelson, Robert; Pitman, Karly M.; Matson, Dennis L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Phillip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Jaumann, Ralf; Stephan, Katrin] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Soderblom, Laurence] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Tosi, Federico; Bellucci, Giancarlo; Coradini, Angioletta; Formisano, Vittorio] Consiglio Nazl Richerche, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Hayne, Paul] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [McCord, Thomas B.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Drossart, Pierre; Sicardy, Bruno] Observ Paris, Meudon, France. [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR6112, F-44035 Nantes, France. [Capaccioni, Fabrizio; Cerroni, Priscilla] Consiglio Nazl Richerche, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Ctr Etud Saclay, Lab AIM, DAPNIA Sap, Ctr Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Engn Phys Bldg, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jwbarnes@uidaho.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Penteado, Paulo/F-9081-2012; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; OI Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434; Penteado, Paulo/0000-0001-6759-2037; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 FU NASA; ESA FX JWB acknowledges the Support of the Cassini VIMS team. The authors acknowledge the Support of tile Cassirli project from both NASA and ESA. Thanks to Alfred McEwen and Robert West for constructive reviews. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 14-15 BP 1950 EP 1962 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2009.04.013 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 537FR UT WOS:000273099100030 ER PT J AU Slonecker, T Haack, B Price, S AF Slonecker, Terrence Haack, Barry Price, Susan TI Spectroscopic Analysis of Arsenic Uptake in Pteris Ferns SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE arsenic phytoremediation; Pteris ferns; derivative spectroscopy; partial least squares AB Two arsenic-accumulating Pteris ferns (Pteris cretica mayii and Pteris multifida), along with a non-accumulating control fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) were grown in greenhouse conditions in clean sand spiked with 0, 20, 50, 100 and 200 ppm sodium arsenate. Spectral data were collected for each of five replicates prior to harvest at 4-week intervals. Fern samples were analyzed for total metals content and Partial Least Squares and Stepwise Linear Regression techniques were used to develop models from the spectral data. Results showed that Pteris cretica mayii and Pteris multifida are confirmed hyperaccumulators of inorganic arsenic and that reasonably accurate predictive models of arsenic concentration can be developed from the first derivative of spectral reflectance of the hyperaccumulating Pteris ferns. Both the arsenic uptake and spectral results indicate that there is some species-specific variability but the results compare favorably with previously published data and additional research is recommended. C1 [Slonecker, Terrence; Price, Susan] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Haack, Barry] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Slonecker, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tslonecker@usgs.gov; bhaack@gmu.edu; sprice@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 644 EP 675 DI 10.3390/rs1040644 PG 32 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000002 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Lang, PA AF Wang, Jialing Lang, Paul A. TI Detection of Cypress Canopies in the Florida Panhandle Using Subpixel Analysis and GIS SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE subpixel analysis; cypress; Florida Panhandle AB In this study, multitemporal subpixel analysis was used to identify cypress canopies from Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery. One spring and one fall image were selected for each of two sites, an eastern one centered on Tallahassee, FL and a western one centered on Panama City, FL. Signatures derived from the two eastern images were applied on the two western images that served as the control images for accuracy assessment. Results indicated that multitemporal subpixel analysis greatly improved the classification accuracy and signatures developed from one scene could be used to the subpixel classification of another scene with caution. C1 [Wang, Jialing] Slippery Rock Univ Penn, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Slippery Rock, PA 16057 USA. [Lang, Paul A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Wang, JL (reprint author), Slippery Rock Univ Penn, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, 319 Adv Technol & Sci Hall, Slippery Rock, PA 16057 USA. EM jialing.wang@sru.edu; paul_lang@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; Panama City Field Office FX This work had been funded by U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Panama City Field Office. The authors wish to thank Basil G. Savitsky for his contribution to this project. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1042 DI 10.3390/rs1041028 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000021 ER PT J AU McKean, J Nagel, D Tonina, D Bailey, P Wright, CW Bohn, C Nayegandhi, A AF McKean, Jim Nagel, Dave Tonina, Daniele Bailey, Philip Wright, Charles Wayne Bohn, Carolyn Nayegandhi, Amar TI Remote Sensing of Channels and Riparian Zones with a Narrow-Beam Aquatic-Terrestrial LIDAR SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE bathymetric LIDAR; channel mapping; aquatic habitat; ecohydraulics; fluvial geomorphology AB The high-resolution Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LIDAR (EAARL) is a new technology for cross-environment surveys of channels and floodplains. EAARL measurements of basic channel geometry, such as wetted cross-sectional area, are within a few percent of those from control field surveys. The largest channel mapping errors are along stream banks. The LIDAR data adequately support 1D and 2D computational fluid dynamics models and frequency domain analyses by wavelet transforms. Further work is needed to establish the stream monitoring capability of the EAARL and the range of water quality conditions in which this sensor will accurately map river bathymetry. C1 [McKean, Jim; Nagel, Dave; Bohn, Carolyn] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Tonina, Daniele] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Bailey, Philip] ESSA Technol Ltd, Vancouver, BC V6J 5C6, Canada. [Wright, Charles Wayne] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Nayegandhi, Amar] Jacobs Technol Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP McKean, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jmckean@fs.fed.us; dnagel@fs.fed.us; dtonina@uidaho.edu; pbailey@essa.com; wright@lidar.net; cbohn@fs.fed.us; anayegan@usgs.gov RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 FU U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey; NASA; NOAA; Bonneville Power Authority; Bureau of Reclamation FX Our stream research using the EAARL has been supported by the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Geological Survey, NASA, NOAA, Bonneville Power Authority and the Bureau of Reclamation. We recognize Frank Poulsen and Katy Bryan, ESSA Technologies, for their excellent GIS work developing the BLT. We thank Ken Skinner (USGS) and Allyn Meuleman (Bureau of Reclamation), for kindly sharing their unpublished observations of EAARL bathymetry as a function of water turbidity in the Boise River. This manuscript was improved by the comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1096 DI 10.3390/rs1041065 PG 32 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000024 ER PT J AU Murray, RS Nagler, PL Morino, K Glenn, EP AF Murray, R. Scott Nagler, Pamela L. Morino, Kiyomi Glenn, Edward P. TI An Empirical Algorithm for Estimating Agricultural and Riparian Evapotranspiration Using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and Ground Measurements of ET. II. Application to the Lower Colorado River, US SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE transpiration; evaporative fraction; remote sensing; saltcedar; consumptive water use AB Large quantities of water are consumed by irrigated crops and riparian vegetation in western U.S. irrigation districts. Remote sensing methods for estimating evaporative water losses by soil and vegetation (evapotranspiration, ET) over wide river stretches are needed to allocate water for agricultural and environmental needs. We used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite to scale ET over agricultural and riparian areas along the Lower Colorado River in the southwestern U.S., using a linear regression equation between ET of riparian plants and alfalfa measured on the ground, and meteorological and remote sensing data, with an error or uncertainty of about 20%. The algorithm was applied to irrigation districts and riparian areas from Lake Mead to the U.S./Mexico border. The results for agricultural crops were similar to results produced by crop coefficients developed for the irrigation districts along the river. However, riparian ET was only half as great as crop coefficient estimates set by expert opinion, equal to about 40% of reference crop evapotranspiration. Based on reported acreages in 2007, agricultural crops (146,473 ha) consumed 2.2 x 10(9) m(3) yr(-1) of water. All riparian shrubs and trees (47,014 ha) consumed 3.8 x 10(8) m(3) yr(-1), of which saltcedar, the dominant riparian shrub (25,044 ha), consumed 1.8 x 10(8) m(3) yr(-1), about 1% of the annual flow of the river. This method could supplement existing protocols for estimating ET by providing an estimate based on the actual state of the canopy as determined by frequent-return satellite data. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Murray, R. Scott; Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 E S Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rsmurray@email.arizona.edu; pnagler@usgs.gov; kmorino@ltrr.arizona.edu; eglenn@ag.arizona.edu NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1138 DI 10.3390/rs1041125 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000027 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Morino, K Murray, RS Osterberg, J Glenn, EP AF Nagler, Pamela L. Morino, Kiyomi Murray, R. Scott Osterberg, John Glenn, Edward P. TI An Empirical Algorithm for Estimating Agricultural and Riparian Evapotranspiration Using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and Ground Measurements of ET. I. Description of Method SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE sap flux; transpiration; stomatal conductance; evaporative fraction; remote sensing; saltcedar AB We used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS to scale evapotranspiration (ETactual) over agricultural and riparian areas along the Lower Colorado River in the southwestern US. Ground measurements of ETactual by alfalfa, saltcedar, cottonwood and arrowweed were expressed as fraction of potential (reference crop) ETo (EToF) then regressed against EVI scaled between bare soil (0) and full vegetation cover (1.0) (EVI*). EVI* values were calculated based on maximum and minimum EVI values from a large set of riparian values in a previous study. A satisfactory relationship was found between crop and riparian plant EToF and EVI*, with an error or uncertainty of about 20% in the mean estimate (mean ETactual = 6.2 mm d(-1), RMSE = 1.2 mm d(-1)). The equation for ETactual was: ETactual = 1.22 x ETo-BC x EVI*, where ETo-BC is the Blaney Criddle formula for ETo. This single algorithm applies to all the vegetation types in the study, and offers an alternative to ETactual estimates that use crop coefficients set by expert opinion, by using an algorithm based on the actual state of the canopy as determined by time-series satellite images. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Murray, R. Scott; Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Osterberg, John] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 E S Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov; kmorino@lttr.arizona.edu; rsmurray@email.arizona.edu; josterberg@do.usbr.gov; eglenn@ag.arizona.edu FU Research and Development Office of the US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado FX Funding was provided by the Research and Development Office of the US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. NR 66 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1297 DI 10.3390/rs1041273 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000034 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Pascua, MA Bischoff, J Garduno-Monroy, VH Perez-Lopez, R Giner-Robles, JL Israde-Alcantara, I Calvo, JP Williams, RW AF Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A. Bischoff, J. Garduno-Monroy, V. H. Perez-Lopez, R. Giner-Robles, J. L. Israde-Alcantara, I. Calvo, J. P. Williams, R. W. TI Estimation of the tectonic slip-rate from Quaternary lacustrine facies within the intraplate Albacete province (SE of Spain) SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lacustrine record; Quaternary fault; Slip rate; Intraplate; Paleoearthquake AB The Quaternary lacustrine basin of Cordovilla (CB) represents one of the most active tectonic areas of the Prebetic Zone (Albacete, SE of Spain). The Quaternary sedimentary deposits of this basin are mainly endoreic lacustrine carbonate and alluvial deposits, developed in a semi-arid climate (Pleistocene-present). The basin is a NW-SE-elongated graben bounded by a major right-lateral oblique-fault, the Pozohondo Fault. This fault trends NW-SE, with an approximate trace of 55 km, and is composed of various segments which are identified by fault scarps. In order to establish the slip-rate of the most active segment of the Pozohondo Fault, called the Cordovilla segment, we carried out a detailed study of the affected Quaternary lacustrine deposits. We found that the lacustrine facies could be related to episodic moderate paleoearthquakes. The slip-rate is calculated to be 0.05 and 0.09 mm/yr, using radiometric dating for the vertical offsets of the lacustrine facies. A trenching study at the northern part of the Cordovilla segment revealed two events caused by paleoearthquakes, with the most recent expressed as an oblique-fault off-setting a poorly-developed soil. The magnitude of the last event was greater than 6, using various empirical relationships for the fault displacement and the surface-length rupture. We estimate episodic activity across the Cordovilla segment, to be characterized by moderate-sized paleoearthquakes (M6), which is in agreement with the tectonic context of an intraplate zone of the Iberian plate. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A.; Perez-Lopez, R.; Calvo, J. P.] Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Madrid 28003, Spain. [Bischoff, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Garduno-Monroy, V. H.; Israde-Alcantara, I.] Univ Michoacana, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. [Giner-Robles, J. L.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Williams, R. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rodriguez-Pascua, MA (reprint author), Inst Geol & Minero Espana, C Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain. EM ma.rodriguez@igme.es; jbischoff@usgs.gov; vgmonroy@umich.mx; r.perez@igme.es; jlginer@gmail.com RI Giner-Robles, Jorge /H-5063-2011; Perez-Lopez, Raul/P-3485-2014; Rodriguez-Pascua, Miguel/H-9323-2015; OI Giner-Robles, Jorge /0000-0002-1507-4796; Rodriguez-Pascua, Miguel/0000-0001-5174-119X; Perez, Raul/0000-0002-9132-4806 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCI) [CGL2006-05001/BTE, CGL2006-28134-E/CLI] FX We are strongly indebted to Dr. Concha Arenas, Dr. Klaus Reicherter, and Dr. Elisabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch for their constructive comments and remarks, with the aim to improve this work. We wish to thank Dr. Ana Alonso Zarza for her kind invitation to the 4th International Limnogeology Congress at Barcelona. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCI), through the project ACTISIS (CGL2006-05001/BTE), and part of the results are included in the project TECTO2 (CGL2006-28134-E/CLI). NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 222 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.06.007 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA 528GP UT WOS:000272431100009 ER PT J AU Gleason, RA Tangen, BA Browne, BA Euliss, NH AF Gleason, Robert A. Tangen, Brian A. Browne, Bryant A. Euliss, Ned H., Jr. TI Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Global warming potential; Land use; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Soil temperature; Water-filled pore space ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; METHANE EMISSIONS; DIOXIDE; BALANCE; SEQUESTRATION; GRASSLANDS; MANAGEMENT; ATMOSPHERE; VEGETATION AB It has been well documented that restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America do store carbon. However, the net benefit of carbon sequestration in wetlands in terms of a reduction in global warming forcing has often been questioned because of potentially greater emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and methane (CH(4)). We compared gas emissions (N(2)O, CH(4), carbon dioxide [CO(2)]) and soil moisture and temperature from eight cropland and eight restored grassland wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region from May to October, 2003, to better understand the atmospheric carbon mitigation potential of restored wetlands. Results show that carbon dioxide contributed the most (90%) to net-GHG flux, followed by CH(4) (9%) and N(2)O (1%). Fluxes of N(2)O, CH(4), CO(2), and their combined global warming potential (CO(2) equivalents) did not significantly differ between cropland and grassland wetlands. The seasonal pattern in flux was similar in cropland and grassland wetlands with peak emissions of N(2)O and CH(4) occurring when soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) was 40-60% and >60%, respectively; negative CH(4) fluxes were observed when WFPS approached 40%. Negative CH(4) fluxes from grassland wetlands occurred earlier in the season and were more pronounced than those from cropland sites because WFPS declined more rapidly in grassland wetlands; this decline was likely due to higher infiltration and evapotranspiration rates associated with grasslands. Our results suggest that restoring cropland wetlands does not result in greater emissions of N(2)O and CH(4), and therefore would not offset potential soil carbon sequestration. These findings, however, are limited to a small sample of seasonal wetlands with relatively short hydroperiods. A more comprehensive assessment of the GHG mitigation potential of restored wetlands should include a diversity of wetland types and land-use practices and consider the impact of variable climatic cycles that affect wetland hydrology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gleason, Robert A.; Tangen, Brian A.; Euliss, Ned H., Jr.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Browne, Bryant A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Gleason, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM rgleason@usgs.gov OI Tangen, Brian/0000-0001-5157-9882 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. We are especially grateful to Jay Hestbeck for promoting and supporting this research. We thank Tom Wiley and Robert Weixel, Sr., for granting access to private lands, Deb Buhl for statistical assistance, Kevin Kermes for technical assistance, Terri Okrasinski for conducting field and lab work, and the numerous people who participated in data collection throughout the study. We also thank Shuguang Liu, P V. Sundareshwar, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on previous versions of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2501 EP 2507 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 523HB UT WOS:000272062100016 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JA Romanovsky, VE Harden, JW McGuire, AD AF O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Harden, Jennifer W. McGuire, A. David TI The Effect of Moisture Content on the Thermal Conductivity of Moss and Organic Soil Horizons From Black Spruce Ecosystems in Interior Alaska SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Thermal conductivity; soil moisture; black spruce; moss; boreal forest ID BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE LAYER; PERMAFROST; CARBON; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; MODEL; WATER; PRODUCTIVITY AB Organic soil horizons function as important controls on the thermal state of near-surface soil and permafrost in high-latitude ecosystems. The thermal conductivity of organic horizons is typically lower than mineral soils and is closely linked to moisture content, bulk density and water phase. In this study, we examined the relationship between thermal conductivity and soil moisture for different moss and organic horizon types in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska. We sampled organic horizons from feather moss-dominated and Sphagnum-dominated stands and divided horizons into live moss and fibrous and amorphous organic matter. Thermal conductivity measurements were made across a range of moisture contents using the transient line heat source method. Our findings indicate a strong positive and linear relationship between thawed thermal conductivity (K(t)) and volumetric water content. We observed similar regression parameters (beta or slope) across moss types and organic horizons types and small differences in beta(0) (y intercept) across organic horizon types. Live Sphagnum spp. had a higher range of K(t) than did live feather moss because of the field capacity (laboratory based) of live Sphagnum spp. In northern regions, the thermal properties of organic soil horizons play a critical role in mediating the effects of climate warming on permafrost conditions. Findings from this study could improve model parameterization of thermal properties in organic horizons and enhance our understanding of future permafrost and ecosystem dynamics. C1 [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jaodonnell@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0630249, DEB-0423442, ARC-0632400, EPSCoR-0701898.]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; Institute of Northern Engineering at the University of Alaska Fairbanks FX Funding and support for J O'Donnell was provided by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0630249, the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Program (funded jointly by a National Science Foundation grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231), and the Institute of Northern Engineering at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. This work was also supported by the National Science Foundation under grants ARC-0632400 and EPSCoR-0701898. NR 49 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 32 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 174 IS 12 BP 646 EP 651 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181c4a7f8 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 534PE UT WOS:000272908800002 ER PT J AU Merkle, JA Krausman, PR Stark, DW Oakleaf, JK Ballard, WB AF Merkle, Jerod A. Krausman, Paul R. Stark, Dan W. Oakleaf, John K. Ballard, Warren B. TI SUMMER DIET OF THE MEXICAN GRAY WOLF (CANIS LUPUS BAILEYI) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WOLVES; POPULATION; ARIZONA; ECOLOGY; COYOTE; ALASKA AB The Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was extirpated from Arizona and New Mexico in the 1970s. In 1998, Mexican gray wolves we re translocated into the east-central Arizona portion of the Blue Range Wolf Recovery At-ea. One measure of success of the translocation is the ability of the Mexican gray wolf to capture native prey. Our objectives were to determine diet of wolves during summers 2005 and 2006, and contrast diet in areas that were grazed by livestock seasonally to areas grazed annually. We collected scats, identified contents from hair and bone fragments, and estimated diet by calculating percentage biomass of prey consumed. Elk (Cervus elaphus) comprised 80.3% of diet of the Mexican gray wolf. Other prey included domestic cattle (16.8%), deer (Odocoileus <1%), squirrels (<1%), other rodents (2%), and lagomorphs (<1%). In areas of year-around grazing, 21% more livestock were consumed, compared to areas grazed seasonally. C1 [Stark, Dan W.; Oakleaf, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpine, AZ 85920 USA. [Ballard, Warren B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Merkle, Jerod A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Merkle, JA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Boone & Crockett Wildlife Conservat Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jerod.merkle@umontana.edu OI Merkle, Jerod/0000-0003-0100-1833 FU National Science Foundation; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX The Mexican Wolf Reintroduction Project Inter agency Field Team provided technical support and radiotelemetry data. We thank personnel in the Conservation Biology Internship Program, University of Arizona, who provided guidance throughout the project. T. Johnson, S. Barber-Meyer, B. Vanpelt, and J. R. Morgart reviewed early drafts of the manuscript. C. Varas-Nelson translated the abstract to Spanish. The National Science Foundation and United States Fish and Wildlife Service funded this project. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 43 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 54 IS 4 BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.1894/CLG-26.1 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535RX UT WOS:000272989500013 ER PT J AU Criffield, MA Reichard, MV Hellgren, EC Leslie, DM Freel, K AF Criffield, Marc A. Reichard, Mason V. Hellgren, Eric C. Leslie, David M., Jr. Freel, Kimberly TI PARASITES OF SWIFT FOXES (VULPES VELOX) IN THE OKLAHOMA PANHANDLE SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEW-MEXICO; PLAGUE; DIET AB Parasites represent all element within natural systems that can elucidate interactions between their hosts and the environment. We collected and examined ectoparasites (80 samples) and fecal samples for endoparasites (81 samples) from 82 swift foxes (Vulpes velox) captured or collected in the Oklahoma Panhandle during summer and winter 2003-2004 and summer and autumn 2004. Six taxa of external parasites and nine taxa of internal parasites were identified. Overall prevalence of swift foxes infested with external parasites was 99% (range, 1-90% by individual parasite), which included flour species of fleas and two species of ticks. Overall prevalence of swift foxes infected with internal parasites was 68% (range, 4-35% by species of parasite), including six nematodes, one cestode, one protozoan, and one mile. We observed two new external parasites not previously recorded for swift foxes, Spilopsyllus inaequalis and Dermacentor variabilis. More males than females were infected with Toxocara. Our results were similar to previously published reports of Parasites from swift foxes in southeastern Colorado, northwestern Texas, eastern New Mexico, and the Oklahoma Panhandle, suggesting that this canid might be infected with it similar community of parasites across its range in the southwestern United States. C1 [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Reichard, Mason V.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Criffield, Marc A.; Hellgren, Eric C.; Freel, Kimberly] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Criffield, MA (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 298 Sabal Palm Rd, Naples, FL 34114 USA. EM marc.criffield@myfwc.com OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Department of Veterans Affairs FX We thank D. Arnold for identification of ectoparasites. We also thank NI. Disney, J, Smith, J. North, D. Neubaum, M. Neubaum, T. Carter, T. Cline, F. Keedy, T. Holbrook, and S. Smith for help in the field and lab. Z. Roehrs and T. Zimmerman provided reviews of early drafts and the abstract was translated by N. Ubierna, Lopez. We also extend our appreciation to the landowners who willingly allowed its on their land, with a special thanks to the Belford, Flanagan, Freemen, Moses, Skelton, and Sharp families. Financial support was provided by Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and United States Department of Veterans Affairs. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 54 IS 4 BP 492 EP 498 DI 10.1894/MD-13.1 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535RX UT WOS:000272989500015 ER PT J AU Hayes, MA Navo, KW Bonewell, LR Mosch, CJ Adams, RA AF Hayes, Mark A. Navo, Kirk W. Bonewell, Lea' R. Mosch, Cyndi J. Adams, Rick A. TI ALLEN'S BIG-EARED BAT (IDIONYCTERIS PHYLLOTIS) DOCUMENTED IN COLORADO BASED ON RECORDINGS OF ITS DISTINCTIVE ECHOLOCATION CALL SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Allen's big-eared hat (Idionycteris phyllotis) inhabits much oft the southwestern USA, but has not. been documented in Colorado. We recorded echolocation calls consistent with I. phyllotis near La Sal Creek, Montrose County, Colorado. Based on characteristics of echolocation calls and flight. behavior, we conclude that the echolocation calls described here were emitted by I. phyllotis and that they represent the first documentation of this species in Colorado. C1 [Hayes, Mark A.; Adams, Rick A.] Univ No Colorado, Sch Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. [Navo, Kirk W.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Monte Vista, CO 81144 USA. [Bonewell, Lea' R.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Biol Res Div, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mosch, Cyndi J.] Rocky Mt Cave Resources, Loveland, CO 80538 USA. RP Hayes, MA (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Sch Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. EM haye4932@bears.unco.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 54 IS 4 BP 499 EP 501 DI 10.1894/JKF-01.1 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535RX UT WOS:000272989500016 ER PT J AU Bourne, DG Garren, M Work, TM Rosenberg, E Smith, GW Harvell, CD AF Bourne, David G. Garren, Melissa Work, Thierry M. Rosenberg, Eugene Smith, Garriet W. Harvell, C. Drew TI Microbial disease and the coral holobiont SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS; METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; OCULINA-PATAGONICA; GORGONIA-VENTALINA; BLEACHING EVENT; STAGHORN CORALS AB Tropical coral reefs harbour a reservoir of enormous biodiversity that is increasingly threatened by direct human activities and indirect global climate shifts. Emerging coral diseases are one serious threat implicated in extensive reef deterioration through disruption of the integrity of the coral holobiont - a complex symbiosis between the coral animal, endobiotic alga and an array of microorganisms. In this article, we review our current understanding of the role of microorganisms in coral health and disease, and highlight the pressing interdisciplinary research priorities required to elucidate the mechanisms of disease. We advocate an approach that applies knowledge gained from experiences in human and veterinary medicine, integrated into multidisciplinary studies that investigate the interactions between host, agent and environment of a given coral disease. These approaches include robust and precise disease diagnosis, standardised ecological methods and application of rapidly developing DNA, RNA and protein technologies, alongside established histological, microbial ecology and ecological expertise. Such approaches will allow a better understanding of the causes of coral mortality and coral reef declines and help assess potential management options to mitigate their effects in the longer term. C1 [Bourne, David G.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Garren, Melissa] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. [Rosenberg, Eugene] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Biotechnol, Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Smith, Garriet W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol & Geol, Aiken, SC USA. [Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Bourne, DG (reprint author), Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. EM d.bourne@aims.gov.au RI Bourne, David/B-5073-2008; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Bourne, David/0000-0002-1492-8710; Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research FX We thank the members of the Coral Disease Working Group of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) reef targeted research program for round table discussions during the Pan-Pacific Coral Health and Disease Workshop (Hawaii, February 2009), which facilitated this manuscript. These people included Krystal Rypien, David Andserson, Gil Sharon, Ilil Atad, Magdalena Piskorska and Mohamed Sulieman. We thank Cheryl Woodley for her participation in the round table discussions and Courtney Couch for organising the workshop. Special thanks also to Ernesto Weil for supply of photographs and Tim Simmonds for help in preparation of figures. We acknowledge support of the GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research Program during development of this paper. NR 81 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 7 U2 104 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 17 IS 12 BP 554 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2009.09.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 533WG UT WOS:000272855500004 PM 19822428 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Kuris, AM AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Kuris, Armand M. TI Parasitic castration: the evolution and ecology of body snatchers SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CERITHIDEA-CALIFORNICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOMPHALARIA-GLABRATA; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HOST CASTRATION; MARINE SNAIL; FIDDLER-CRAB; POPULATION; TREMATODES AB Castration is a response to the tradeoff between consumption and longevity faced by parasites. Common parasitic castrators include larval trematodes in snails, and isopod and barnacle parasites of crustaceans. The infected host (with its many unique properties) is the extended phenotype of the parasitic castrator. Because an individual parasitic castrator can usurp all the reproductive energy from a host, and that energy is limited, intra- and interspecific competition among castrators is generally intense. These parasites can be abundant and can substantially depress host density. Host populations subject to high rates of parasitic castration appear to respond by maturing more rapidly. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM klafferty@usgs.gov RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Diseases [DEB-0224565] FX Rachel Fogelman and Ryan Hechinger provided comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (DEB-0224565). NR 64 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 15 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 12 BP 564 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2009.09.003 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 526HD UT WOS:000272277400007 PM 19800291 ER PT J AU Perkins, M King, SL Travis, SE Linscombe, J AF Perkins, Marie King, Sammy L. Travis, Steven E. Linscombe, Jeb TI Use of Morphometric Measurements to Differentiate Between Species and Sex of King and Clapper Rails SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Clapper Rail; discriminant analysis; King Rail; Louisiana; morphometric measurements; Texas AB King Rails (Rallus elegans) and Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris) are large, secretive waterbirds whose ranges overlap in brackish marshes along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. King and Clapper Rails are difficult to separate by physical appearance and there is currently no reliable method to distinguish between the two species. Here, the relative effectiveness of using discriminant analysis of morphometric measurements to identify and sex King and Clapper Rails was examined. Mean measurements Of Wing, tarsus, and weight were different between male King and Clapper Rails and between female King and Clapper Rails. However, for all measurements except culmen,, male Clapper Rails and female King Rails were not different. Discriminate analysis of morphometric measurements revealed that wing, tarsus, and culmen measurements differentiated between King and Clapper Rails, but cross-validation results for male Clapper Rails were only 73%. Male King Rails were larger than female King Rails for all morphometric measurements and male Clapper Rails were larger than female Clapper Rails for all morphometric measurements except for the tail. Wing and tarsus measurements differentiated between male and female King Rails and wing, tarsus, and culmen measurements differentiated between male and female Clapper Rails. Received 6 February 2008, accepted 12 August 2009. C1 [Perkins, Marie; King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Travis, Steven E.] USGS Natl Wetlands Res, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Linscombe, Jeb] Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, LA 70643 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sking16@lsu.edu FU Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge FX The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries provided funding through the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge. We thank G. Melancon, P. Trosclair, D. Richard, D. Lejeune, T. Hess, M. Whitbeck, S. Lejeune, P. Walther, M. Nance, T Blair, C. Lejeune, S. Regan, M. Hoff, B. Leonard R. Elsey, S. Pierluissi, A. Pierce J. O'Connell, M. Maley, and J. Trent for field assistance, M. Kaller for statistical assistance, and B. Sikes, and K. Wessner for their help with the genetic analysis. The Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee at Louisiana State University allowed sampling under IACUC AE04-07. Use of brand names does not indicate endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1675/063.032.0411 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 538OT UT WOS:000273194500011 ER PT J AU Sinclair, J Emlen, JM Rinella, M Snelgrove, J Freeman, DC AF Sinclair, Jordan Emlen, John M. Rinella, Matthew Snelgrove, Jessica Freeman, D. Carl TI DIFFERENTIAL PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS INVOLVING MALE AND FEMALE ATRIPLEX BONNEVILLENSIS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE differential competition; spatial segregation of sexes; dioecious ID SEX-RATIO VARIATION; DIOECIOUS PLANTS; FIELD DATA; POPULATIONS; FITNESS AB Wind-pollinated dioecious plants often exhibit Spatial segregation I of I the sexes. This partial niche separation has most often been explored using abiotic niche axes. However, if the sexes are truly separated in space, then they e apt to encounter different plant species that may heavily affect growth and reproduction. Also, to the extent that their niches differ, the sexes may respond differently to the same co-occurring species. Here we examine interspecific interactions that influence male and female reproductive potential in Atriplex bonnevillensis. Using Emlen's interaction assessment, it technique which assesses species interactions based oil cover classes, we show that Salsola species compete significantly with females but not males, while Halog toll glomeratus competes with males but not females. The effect of competition only became apparent when we corrected for site-specific fertility. These results imply that differential competition must be considered when Studying dioecious plants that display spatial segregation of the sexes. C1 [Sinclair, Jordan; Snelgrove, Jessica; Freeman, D. Carl] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Emlen, John M.] USGS, BRD, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rinella, Matthew] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Sinclair, J (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM al8577@wayne.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2009 VL 69 IS 4 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.3398/064.069.0407 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543CS UT WOS:000273548100007 ER PT J AU Thompson, TR Boal, CW Lucia, D AF Thompson, Thomas R. Boal, Clint W. Lucia, Duane TI GRASSLAND BIRD ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTRODUCED AND NATIVE GRASS CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus savannarum; Aimophila cassinii; Cassin's Sparrow; Conservation Reserve Program; Eremophila alpestris; Grasshopper Sparrow; Horned Lark; Passerculus sandwichensis; Savannah Sparrow; Sturnella neglecta; Western Meadowlark ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLAND; MANAGEMENT; PLANTINGS; HABITAT AB We examined relative abundances of grassland birds among Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields seeded with 2 monocultures of introduced grass species and 2 mixes of native grasses in the Southern High Plains of Texas. We assessed bird compositions among these 4 cover types and between the cover types pooled into categories of introduced and native fields. Breeding season bird diversity and total abundance did not differ among cover types or between introduced and native fields. Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), Cassin's Sparrows (Aimophila cavsinii), and Western Meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta) accounted for more than 90% of breeding season detections. Grasshopper Sparrows were the most abundant and found in all cover types. Cassin's Sparrows were 38% to 170% more abundant among the native seed mix without buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides) compared to 3 other cover types. Although this association was statistically lost when Cover types were pooled into introduced or native fields (U = 93.5, P = 0.91), the species was still 50% more abundant among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Meadowlarks occurred ubiquitously but at very low numbers during the breeding season. During winter, avian abundance was 44% greater among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Meadowlarks, Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris), and Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) accounted for 94% of all winter detections. Meadowlarks occurred ubiquitously, but Horned Larks and Savannah Sparrows were 157% and 96% more abundant, respectively, among native CRIP than introduced CRP fields. Our data suggest that monocultures of introduced grasses may benefit some bird species but also that native seed mixes may have it more positive influence through increased diversity and abundance of grassland birds. However, pooling cover types into the broader categories of introduced or native grasses may dampen or occlude biologically meaningful results. It may be prudent to avoid broad categorization of CRP fields based solely on native or introduced grass cover when assessing habitat associations of grassland birds. C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Lucia, Duane] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; U.S. Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Texas Tech University FX We are grateful to the landowners for permission to access their property and to C.L. Coffman, the NRCS Unit Office in Lubbock, and local NRCS Count), personnel for their logistical Support and assistance. We thank outfield assistants P Newton, J. Deal, and L. Dennis for their dedicated efforts. W Conway, B. Grisham, D. Haukos, E. Henry, N. McIntyre, K. Mougey, L. Symthe, and H. Whitlaw provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the U.S. Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Texas Tech University. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2009 VL 69 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.3398/064.069.0408 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543CS UT WOS:000273548100008 ER PT J AU Germaine, SS Hays, DW AF Germaine, Stephen S. Hays, Dave W. TI DISTRIBUTION AND POSTBREEDING ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS OF NORTHERN LEOPARD FROGS (RANA [LITHOBATES] PIPIENS) IN WASHINGTON SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE northern leopard frog; Rana (Lithobates) pipiens; nonnative fish; bullfrog; Rana catesbeiana; population declines; predation; site occupancy; wetland vegetation; Washington ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; BULLFROGS; FISH; CATESBEIANA; CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; PREDATORS; DISPERSAL; REMOVAL AB Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) are considered sensitive, threatened, or endangered ill all western states and western Canadian provinces. Historically present in eastern Washington in 6 major river drainages, leopard frogs are now, only known to occur at 2 localized areas in the Crab Creek drainage in Grant County. During the summers of 2002-29005, we surveyed both areas to document extent of leopard frog distributions and to describe habitat and vertebrate community characteristics associated with leopard frog site occupancy At Gloyd Seeps, 2 juvenile leopard frogs were observed in a total of 8.2 person-days of searching along a 5-km stream reach. At Potholes Reservoir, we surveyed 243 wetland sites in 7 management units known to have been occupied by leopard frogs during the 1980s. We confirmed leopard frog presence at only 87 sites (36%) in 4 management units. Site occupancy models for individual ponds indicated that, compared to unoccupied sites, occupied sites had slightly greater pond depths, less tall emergent vegetation, more herbaceous vegetative cover, and fewer neighboring ponds containing nonnative predatory fish. Models developed at the 1-km(2) scale indicated that occupied areas had greater average midsummer pond depths, ponds occupied by bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana) and carp (Cyprinus carpio), and more herbaceous vegetation surrounding ponds. The Gloyd Seeps population now appears defunct, and the Potholes Reservoir population is if sharp decline. Unless management actions are taken to reduce nonnative fish and bullfrogs and to enhance wetland vegetation, leopard frogs may soon be extirpated from both sites and possibly, therefore, from Washington. C1 [Germaine, Stephen S.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Div Sci, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Hays, Dave W.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Divers Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Germaine, SS (reprint author), USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM germaines@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the following individuals for help conducting fieldwork: Laura Cooke, Erik Ellis, Steve Goodman, John Heimburg, Scott Leach, Kim Romain-Bondi, and JoAnn Wisniewski. Greg Fitzgerald, Ron Friesz, Marc Hayes, Jeff Korth, Marc Peterson, and Jim Tabor shared information about the study area and provided valuable comments during development of this study and preparation of this paper. Mike Adams, Marc Haves, Ryan O'Donnell, Matt Vander Haegen, and JoAnn Wisniewski provided valuable editorial comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Funding was provided by a Federal Aid in Restoration of Fish and Wildlife Grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2009 VL 69 IS 4 BP 537 EP 547 DI 10.3398/064.069.0413 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543CS UT WOS:000273548100013 ER PT J AU Hotaling, AS Martin, J Kitchens, WM AF Hotaling, Althea S. Martin, Julien Kitchens, Wiley M. TI ESTIMATING TRANSITION PROBABILITIES AMONG EVERGLADES WETLAND COMMUNITIES USING MULTISTATE MODELS SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; community dynamics; restoration ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SNAIL KITE; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS AB In this study we were able to provide the first estimates of transition probabilities of wet prairie and slough vegetative communities in Water Conservation Area 3A (WCA3A) of the Florida Everglades and to identify the hydrologic variables that determine these transitions. These estimates can be used in management models aimed at restoring proportions of wet prairie and slough habitats to historical levels in the Everglades. To determine what was driving the transitions between wet prairie and slough communities we evaluated three hypotheses: seasonality, impoundment, and wet and dry year cycles using likelihood-based Multistate models to determine the main driver of wet prairie conversion in WCA3A. The most parsimonious model included the effect of wet and dry year cycles on vegetative community conversions. Several ecologists have noted wet prairie conversion in southern WCA3A but these are the first estimates of transition probabilities among these Community types. In addition, to being useful for management of the Everglades we believe that our framework can be used to address management questions in other ecosystems. C1 [Hotaling, Althea S.; Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Martin, Julien] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, USGS Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32511 USA. RP Hotaling, AS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 110485,Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM theah@ufl.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers; Vero Beach field office of the US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank all the students and technicians who have worked at the Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit since the fall of 2002 for their help during the biannual vegetation samples in WCA3A, with special thanks to Lara Drizd and Brandon VanNuys for their help in continuing and expanding the project. Andrea Bowling was an invaluable resource during data analysis. We also appreciate Eric Power's help in setting up the project and Christa Zweig's help with some of the initial analysis. The Jacksonville District of the US Army Corps of Engineers and the Vero Beach field office of the US Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding for the project. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the US Geological Survey. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1224 EP 1233 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 529UM UT WOS:000272544300014 ER PT J AU Howard, RJ Wells, CJ AF Howard, Rebecca J. Wells, Christopher J. TI Plant community establishment following drawdown of a reservoir in southern Arkansas, USA SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Freshwater wetland; Impoundment; Plant community; Reservoir; Seed bank; Shoreline vegetation; Water level manipulation; Waterfowl food plants ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; SEED-BANK COMPOSITION; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; SOIL; MARSH; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; FLORA; REGENERATION AB Wetland area, function and wildlife habitat value are extensively altered by the construction of freshwater reservoirs. We studied the effects of a temporary drawdown on shoreline vegetation communities of Felsenthal Navigation Pool ("the pool"), an impoundment at Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge in southern Arkansas that is managed as a greentree reservoir. The pool was permanently flooded from 1985 until the summer of 1995 when the water level was dropped 0.3 m for about 16 weeks, exposing about 1,591 ha of soil. To document plant succession on the sediments exposed, we recorded plant species composition and cover at 14 transects along the pool margin prior to the drawdown, during the drawdown, and in the following summer. A soil disturbance treatment was applied near five transects following the drawdown, and soil was collected at each transect for seed bank and soil analyses. Plants colonized the drawdown zone quickly and high vegetation cover was present at some transects 4 weeks after the drawdown was initiated. Plants included species that are high quality food sources for waterfowl, including Cyperus erythrorhizos and Leptochloa fascicularis var. fascicularis. Vegetation response, measured by species richness, total cover, and cover of Cyperus species, was often greater at low compared to high elevations in the drawdown zone; this effect was probably intensified by low summer rainfall. Response on the disturbed transects was lower than that on the undisturbed transects. This effect was attributed to two factors: (1) removal of the existing seed bank by the disturbance applied and (2) reduced incorporation of seeds recruited during the drawdown because of unusually low rainfall. Seed bank studies demonstrated that several species persisted despite 10 years of continual flooding, and that seed bank species richness increased during the drawdown. Although conclusions are limited by the 1-year time frame of the study, it is unlikely that permanent change to plant community structure in the drawdown zone resulted from the lowered water level. C1 [Howard, Rebecca J.; Wells, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Howard, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM howardr@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 565 EP 583 DI 10.1007/s11273-009-9134-x PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 521YZ UT WOS:000271963900001 ER PT J AU Gude, JA Mitchell, MS Ausband, DE Sime, CA Bangs, EE AF Gude, Justin A. Mitchell, Michael S. Ausband, David E. Sime, Carolyn A. Bangs, Edward E. TI Internal validation of predictive logistic regression models for decision-making in wildlife management SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; Canis lupus; confidence interval coverage; decision-making; discrimination; internal validation; logistic regression; northern Rocky Mountains ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; SMOOTHING SCATTERPLOTS; HABITAT MODELS; INFORMATION; PERFORMANCE; LIKELIHOOD; ADEQUACY; ERRORS AB Predictive logistic regression models are commonly used to make informed decisions related to wildlife management and conservation, Such as predicting favourable wildlife habitat for land conservation objectives and predicting vital rates for use in population models. Frequently, models are developed for use in the same population from which sample data were obtained, and thus, they are intended For internal use within the same Population. Before predictions from logistic regression models are used to make management decisions, predictive ability should be validated. We describe a process for conducting an internal model validation, and we illustrate the process of internal validation using logistic regression models for predicting the number of successfully breeding wolf packs in six areas in the US northern Rocky Mountains. We start by defining the major components of accuracy for binary predictions as calibration and discrimination, and we describe methods for quantifying the calibration and discrimination abilities of a logistic regression model. We also describe methods for correcting problems of calibration and future predictive accuracy in a logistic regression model. We then show how bootstrap simulations can be used to obtain unbiased estimates of prediction accuracy when models are calibrated and evaluated within the same population from which they were developed. We also show how bootstrapping can be used to assess coverage rates and recalibrate the endpoints of confidence intervals for predictions from a logistic regression model, to achieve normal coverage rates. Using the data on successfully breeding wolf packs in the northern Rocky Mountains, we validate that predictions from a model developed with data specific to each of six analysis areas are better calibrated to each population than a global model developed using all data simultaneously. We then use shrinkage of model coefficients to improve calibration and future predictive accuracy for the area-specific model, and recalibrate confidence interval endpoints to provide better coverage properties. Following this validation, managers can be confident that logistic regression predictions will be reliable in this situation, and thus that management decisions will be based on accurate predictions. C1 [Gude, Justin A.; Sime, Carolyn A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.; Ausband, David E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Gude, JA (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 1420 E 6th Ave, Helena, MT 59620 USA. EM jgude@mt.gov; michael.mitchell@mso.umt.edu; david.ausband@mso.umt.edu; casime@mt.gov; ed_bangs@fws.gov RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 352 EP 369 DI 10.2981/08-057 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 546FS UT WOS:000273797200002 ER PT J AU Herman-Brunson, KM Jensen, KC Kaczor, NW Swanson, CC Rumble, MA Klaver, RW AF Herman-Brunson, Katie M. Jensen, Kent C. Kaczor, Nicholas W. Swanson, Christopher C. Rumble, Mark A. Klaver, Robert W. TI Nesting ecology of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus at the eastern edge of their historic distribution SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; eastern range; edge of distribution; habitat; nesting; sage-grouse ID VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; INFORMATION-THEORY; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; POPULATION; COVER; PREDATION; MONTANA; OREGON AB Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus Populations in North Dakota declined approximately 67% between 1965 and 2003, and the species is listed as a Priority Level 1 Species of Special Concern by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The habitat and ecology of the species at the eastern edge of its historical range is largely unknown. We investigated nest site selection by greater sage-grouse and nest survival in North Dakota during 2005 - 2006. Sage-grouse selected nest sites in sagebrush Artemisia spp. with more total vegetative cover, greater sagebrush density, and greater 1-m visual obstruction from the nest than at random sites. Height of grass and shrub (sagebrush) at nest sites were shorter than at random sites, because areas where sagebrush vas common were sites in low seral condition or dense clay or clay-pan soils with low productivity. Constant survival estimates of incubated nests were 33% in 2005 and 30% in 2006. Variables that described the resource selection function for nests were not those that modeled nest survival. Nest survival was positively influenced by percentage of shrub (sagebrush) cover and grass height. Daily nest survival decreased substantially when percentage of shrub cover declined below about 9% and when grass heights were less than about 16 cm. Daily nest survival rates decreased with increased daily precipitation. C1 [Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jensen, Kent C.; Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Swanson, Christopher C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 8221 S Highway 16, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM kherman20@hotmail.com; Kent.Jensen@sdstate.edu; Nicholas_Kaczor@blm.gov; christopher.swanson@sdstate.edu; mrumble@fs.fed.us; bklaver@usgs.gov FU North Dakota Game and Fish Department, [W-67-R]; Bureau of Land Management [ESA000013]; U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-JV-11221609-127]; U.S. Forest Service Dakota Prairie National Grasslands [05-CS-11011800-022]; South Dakota State University FX funding for our study was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (W-67-R) through North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bureau of Land Management (ESA000013), U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (05-JV-11221609-127), U.S. Forest Service Dakota Prairie National Grasslands (05-CS-11011800-022) and support from South Dakota State University. Field assistance was provided by A. Geigle, D. Gardner, C. Berdan and T. Zachmeier. A number of volunteers assisted during capture and radio-collaring of hens and chicks. T. Apa assisted with training on trapping techniques. We also acknowledge and appreciate the landowners who granted us permission to conduct this study on their lands. R. King provided statistical advice and support, and J. Connelly and C. Hagen provided comments to earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.2981/09-005 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 546FS UT WOS:000273797200005 ER PT J AU Cox, WA Martin, TE AF Cox, W. Andrew Martin, Thomas E. TI BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE THREE-STRIPED WARBLER IN VENEZUELA: A CONTRAST BETWEEN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE PARULIDS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; AVIAN INCUBATION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; NEST PREDATION; SUCCESS; BIRDS; FOOD; ECOLOGY; FOREST AB We document reproductive life history traits of the Three-striped Warbler (Basileuterus tristriatus) from 146 nests in Venezuela and compare our results to data from the literature for other tropical and temperate parulid species. Mean (+/- SE) clutch size was 1.96 +/- 0.03 eggs (n = 96) and fresh egg mass was 2.09 +/- 0.02 g. The incubation period was 15.8 +/- 0.2 days (n = 23) and the nestling period was 10.5 +/- 0.3 days (n = 12). Males did not incubate and rarely provided food for females during incubation. Females had 57 +/- 2% (n = 49) nest attentiveness (% of time on the nest incubating), which caused egg temperature to commonly become cold relative to development. Both adults fed nestlings and feeding rates increased with nestling age. The growth rate constant for nestlings based on mass was K = 0.490, which is slower than for north temperate warblers. Predation was the primary source of nest failure and only 22% of nests were successful based on a Mayfield daily predation rate of 0.048 +/- 0.006. Our literature review indicates parulids differ strongly in life histories between temperate and tropical/subtropical sites with species in the tropics having, on average, smaller clutches, longer incubation periods, lower nest attentiveness, longer off-bouts, and longer nestling periods. Received 11 October 2005. Accepted 6 June 2009. C1 [Cox, W. Andrew] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, USGS, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cox, WA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM WACox@mizzou.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Cox, William/0000-0002-1205-5979 FU NSF [DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764]; FONACIT [DM/0000237]; INPAR-QUES [PA-INP-005-2004]; Ministerio del Ambiente [01-03-03-1147] FX This study was made possible in part by support under NSF grants DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178, and DEB-0841764 to T. E. Martin. Permit numbers are DM/0000237 from FONACIT, PA-INP-005-2004 from INPAR-QUES, and 01-03-03-1147 from Ministerio del Ambiente. We thank Carlos Bosque for substantial aid in obtaining permits for this work, Karie Decker for statistical help, and Allison Cox and Robin Hirsch-Jacobson for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 121 IS 4 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1676/08-133.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 535JH UT WOS:000272963900001 ER PT J AU Young, LC Vanderwerf, EA Smith, DG Polhemus, J Swenson, N Swenson, C Liesemeyer, BR Gagne, BH Conant, S AF Young, Lindsay C. Vanderwerf, Eric A. Smith, David G. Polhemus, John Swenson, Naomi Swenson, Chris Liesemeyer, Brent R. Gagne, Betsy H. Conant, Sheila TI DEMOGRAPHY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF LAYSAN ALBATROSS ON OAHU, HAWAII SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; SUCCESS; BIRDS AB Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immuabilis) began re-colonizing sites across the Pacific in the 1970s after severe population declines, and fledged the first chick on the island of Oahu in 1992. We report the status of Laysan Albatross populations at Kaena Point and Kuaokala on the island of Oahu, Hawaii and provide new demographic data for this species. Colonies on Oahu were monitored weekly from 2004 to 2008; all individuals were censused, banded, and genetically identified to gender. There was a population of 365 adults on Oahu in 2008 of which 47% were active breeders. The breeding population increased 27% annually since 1991. The high rate of increase was due primarily to immigration with some local recruitment. Recaptures indicate that seven birds were from French Frigate Shoals, one was from Midway Atoll, and 52 were from Oahu and returning to breed; all other adults were of unknown origin. Hatching rate (62%), fledging rate (78%), and overall reproductive success (48%) were comparable to other colonies despite occasional predation. The rate of adult dispersal was high with up to 10% of birds observed each day on Oahu visiting from Kauai. Adults occasionally changed breeding colonies between seasons, and even visited other islands while actively breeding on Oahu. While small, these colonies are at higher elevations and may serve as refugia in the event of sea level rise and, thus, should continue to be conservation priorities. Received 10 November 2008. Accepted 14 April 2009. C1 [Young, Lindsay C.; Conant, Sheila] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Young, Lindsay C.; Vanderwerf, Eric A.] Pacific Rim Conservat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Smith, David G.; Polhemus, John] Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swenson, Naomi; Swenson, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Islands Coastal Program, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Liesemeyer, Brent R.; Gagne, Betsy H.] Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Nat Area Reserves Syst, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Young, LC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM lindsayc@hawaii.edu FU Hawaii Audubon Society; University of Hawaii (UN) Department of Zoology Jessie Kay Fellowship; UH Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology; NSF [DGE02-32016]; Natural Area Reserves Commission FX We thank the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife and the Natural Area Reserves System for their management efforts and permission to conduct work at Kaena Point NAR and Kuaokala GMA. We thank Norine Yeung, Alexis Rudd, Jaap and Heather Eijzenga, Sheldon Plentovich, Michelle Hester. David Hyrenbach, Ken and Pain Hayes, Michael Boyle, and Alison Stimpert for assistance in the field. We thank Beth Flint, Brenda Zaun, and Diane Drigot for sharing their observations of Laysan Albatross in the NWHI, on Kauai, and at MCBH, respectively, Mark Ono and USDA Wildlife Services for conducting predator control at Kaena Point and for providing observations of Laysan Albatross from Dillingham Airfield, and Mike Silbernagle, Mike Ord. and Pete Donaldson for observations of breeding attempts elsewhere on Oahu. We thank David Duffy and Brian Bowen for helpful comments on the manuscript and Dave Carlon for the generous use of his laboratory to identify the gender of the Laysan Albatross. LCY was funded by the Hawaii Audubon Society, the University of Hawaii (UN) Department of Zoology Jessie Kay Fellowship, and several UH Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology research awards as part of NSF grant DGE02-32016 to Kenneth Kaneshiro. Finally, we thank the Natural Area Reserves Commission, the hundreds of volunteers, state workers, and everyone else who has contributed to the restoration of Kaena Point NAR over the years. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 121 IS 4 BP 722 EP 729 DI 10.1676/08-150.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 535JH UT WOS:000272963900007 ER PT J AU Humphries, EM Peters, JL Jonsson, JE Stone, R Afton, AD Omland, KE AF Humphries, Elizabeth M. Peters, Jeffrey L. Jonsson, Jon E. Stone, Roger Afton, Alan D. Omland, Kevin E. TI GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN SYMPATRIC AND ALLOPATRIC WINTERING POPULATIONS OF SNOW GEESE SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYBRIDIZATION; CAERULESCENS; PHILOPATRY; MARSHES; BIRDS; TIME AB Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge on the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland, USA has been the wintering area of a small population of Lesser Snow Geese (Chef caerulescens caerulescens; LSGO) since the 1930s. Snow Geese primarily pair in wintering areas and gene flow could be restricted between this and other LSGO wintering populations. Winter pair formation also could facilitate interbreeding with sympatric but morphologically differentiated Greater Snow Geese (C. c. atlantica; GSGO). We sequenced 658 by of the mitochondrial DNA control region for 68 Snow Geese from East Coast and Louisiana wintering populations to examine the level of genetic differentiation among populations and subspecies. We found no evidence for genetic differentiation between LSGO populations but, consistent with morphological differences, LSGO and GSGO were significantly differentiated. We also found a lack of genetic differentiation between different LSGO morphotypes from Louisiana. We examined available banding data and found the breeding range of Delmarva LSGO overlaps extensively with LSGO that winter in Louisiana, and documented movements between wintering populations. Our results suggest the Delmarva population of LSGO is not a unique population unit apart from Mid-Continent Snow Geese. Received 30 August 2007. Accepted 23 September 2008. C1 [Humphries, Elizabeth M.; Peters, Jeffrey L.; Omland, Kevin E.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Jonsson, Jon E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Stone, Roger] Blackwater Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Humphries, EM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftemh@uaf.edu RI Omland, Kevin/A-8887-2010; Peters, Jeffrey/I-5116-2012; Jonsson, Jon Einar/K-7482-2015 OI Omland, Kevin/0000-0002-3863-5509; Jonsson, Jon Einar/0000-0003-1198-786X FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Maryland Ornithological Society; Canadian Wildlife Service; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Delta Waterfowl Foundation; Rockefeller Scholarship program; U.S. Geological Survey-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Louisiana State University (LSU) AgCenter; School of Renewable Natural Resources at LSU FX We thank Michael MacKinnon from Blackwater NWR and personnel from Chincoteague NWR, Back Bay NWR, and Bombay Hook NWR for assisting with sample collection. We also thank C. D. Ankney, Beatrice Kondo, K. G. McCracken, T. E. Roberts, Deborah Triant, and J. D. Weckstein for providing valuable reviews of this manuscript. Our research was supported by grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 and the Maryland Ornithological Society, as well as the Canadian Wildlife Service, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Delta Waterfowl Foundation, Rockefeller Scholarship program, and the U.S. Geological Survey-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Graduate School, Louisiana State University (LSU) AgCenter, and School of Renewable Natural Resources at LSU. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 121 IS 4 BP 730 EP 738 DI 10.1676/07-126.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 535JH UT WOS:000272963900008 ER PT J AU Almario, BS Marra, PP Gates, JE Mitchell, L AF Almario, Barbara S. Marra, Peter P. Gates, J. Edward Mitchell, Laura TI EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED FIRE ON DEPREDATION RATES OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SEASIDE SPARROW NESTS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAST CHENIER PLAIN; REAL NESTS; BIRD NESTS; PREDATION; SUCCESS; EGGS; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE AB We compared depredation rates of natural and artificial nests of Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus) within winter burned and unburned marsh breeding habitats. Natural nests on burned sites in 2002 were depredated at a higher rate (35.3%) during the incubation stage, compared to unburned sites (13.3%). Depredation rates of natural nests were similar between burn treatments during the nestling stage. Artificial nests exhibited significantly higher depredation rates during the incubation stage on burned compared to unburned sites in 2002. No artificial nest studies were conducted in 2003, but we examined natural nest depredation rates. Depredation rates on natural nests in 2003 were similar between burned and unburned sites during both incubation and nestling stages. Differences in nest depredation rates between 2002 and 2003 may be due to increased rainfall in 2003 leading to higher biological productivity, reduced burn effectiveness and coverage, as well as a change in nest placement by Seaside Sparrows on burned sites. Shrub-nesting species may not be as vulnerable to higher rates of nest depredation induced by prescribed burning because lire appears to only minimally impact woody shrubs, while greatly reducing biomass of herbaceous vegetation. Received 15 June 2007. Accepted 30 April 2009. C1 [Almario, Barbara S.; Gates, J. Edward] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Studies, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20137 USA. [Mitchell, Laura] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Marra, PP (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM marrap@si.edu RI Gates, John/B-7397-2015 FU Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge Fire Management Program; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Steven Gabrey for advice on artificial nests and Seaside Sparrow biology. Joe Smith, Jim Jenkins, Elizabeth Krone, Andrea Evans, Karin Roux, Jenny Pickar, and Nora Diggs helped with fieldwork and logistics. The Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge Fire Management Program, especially Bill Giese and Joe Krish, provided assistance and were helpful. The U.S. Geological Survey provided funding for this project. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 121 IS 4 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1676/07-095.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 535JH UT WOS:000272963900013 ER PT J AU Takesue, RK Bothner, MH Reynolds, RL AF Takesue, Renee K. Bothner, Michael H. Reynolds, Richard L. TI Sources of land-derived runoff to a coral reef-fringed embayment identified using geochemical tracers in nearshore sediment traps SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sediment traps; provenance; trace elements; radioisotopes; magnetic properties; coral reefs ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; HANALEI BAY; RIVER-BASIN; PB-210; KAUAI; BE-7; TRANSPORT; MARINE; ENVIRONMENTS; DEPOSITION AB Geochemical tracers, including Ba, Co, Th, (7)Be, (137)Cs and (210)Pb, and magnetic properties were used to characterize terrestrial runoff collected in nearshore time-series sediment traps in Hanalei Bay, Kauai, during flood and dry conditions in summer 2006, and to fingerprint possible runoff sources in the lower watershed. In combination, the tracers indicate that runoff during a flood in August could have come from cultivated taro fields bordering the lower reach of the river. Land-based runoff associated with summer floods may have a greater impact on coral reef communities in Hanalei Bay than in winter because sediment persists for several months. During dry periods, sediment carried by the Hanalei River appears to have been mobilized primarily by undercutting of low (7)Be, low (137)Cs riverbanks composed of soil weathered from tholeiitic basalt with low Ba and Co concentrations. Following a moderate rainfall event in September, high (7)Be sediment carried by the Hanalei River was probably mobilized by overland flow in the upper watershed. Ba-desorption in low-salinity coastal water limited its use to a qualitative runoff tracer in nearshore sediment. (210)Pb had limited usefulness as a terrestrial tracer in the nearshore due to a large dissolved oceanic source and scavenging onto resuspended bottom sediment. (210)Pb-scavenging does, however, illustrate the role resuspension could play in the accumulation of particle-reactive contaminants in nearshore sediment. Co and (137)Cs were not affected by desorption or geochemical scavenging and showed the greatest potential as quantitative sediment provenance indicators in material collected in nearshore sediment traps. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Takesue, Renee K.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bothner, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Takesue, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rtakesue@usgs.gov; mbothner@usgs.gov; rreynolds@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 459 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.014 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 526KC UT WOS:000272286000012 ER PT J AU Long, AJ Gilcrease, PC AF Long, Andrew J. Gilcrease, Patrick C. TI A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heat transport; Karst; Modeling; Groundwater ID TURBULENT PIPE; MASS-TRANSFER; FLUID-FLOW; TEMPERATURE; GROUNDWATER; TRACERS; RATES; TUBES AB A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers is presented as an alternative to two or three-dimensional distributed-parameter models, which are data intensive and require knowledge of conduit locations. This model can be applied for cases where water temperature in a well or spring receives all or part of its water from a phreatic conduit. Heat transport in the conduit is simulated by using a physically-based heat-transport equation that accounts for inflow of diffuse flow from smaller openings and fissures in the surrounding aquifer during periods of low recharge. Additional diffuse flow that is within the zone of influence of the well or spring but has not interacted with the conduit is accounted for with a binary mixing equation to proportion these different water sources. The estimation of this proportion through inverse modeling is useful for the assessment of contaminant vulnerability and well-head or spring protection. The model was applied to 7 months of continuous temperature data for a sinking stream that recharges a conduit and a pumped well open to the Madison aquifer in western South Dakota. The simulated conduit-flow fraction to the well ranged from 2% to 31% of total flow, and simulated conduit velocity ranged from 44 to 353 m/d. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Long, Andrew J.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Gilcrease, Patrick C.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Long, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ajlong@usgs.gov RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008 OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 30 PY 2009 VL 378 IS 3-4 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.024 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 527LF UT WOS:000272367900003 ER PT J AU McKeown, NK Bishop, JL Dobrea, EZN Ehlmann, BL Parente, M Mustard, JF Murchie, SL Swayze, GA Bibring, JP Silver, EA AF McKeown, Nancy K. Bishop, Janice L. Dobrea, Eldar Z. Noe Ehlmann, Bethany L. Parente, Mario Mustard, John F. Murchie, Scott L. Swayze, Gregg A. Bibring, Jean-Pierre Silver, Eli A. TI Characterization of phyllosilicates observed in the central Mawrth Vallis region, Mars, their potential formational processes, and implications for past climate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID CLAY-MINERALS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ORIGIN; IDENTIFICATION; SMECTITES; WATER; WARM; WET; NONTRONITE; RESOLUTION AB Mawrth Vallis contains one of the largest exposures of phyllosilicates on Mars. Nontronite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and hydrated silica have been identified throughout the region using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). In addition, saponite has been identified in one observation within a crater. These individual minerals are identified and distinguished by features at 1.38-1.42, similar to 1.91, and 2.17-2.41 mu m. There are two main phyllosilicate units in the Mawrth Vallis region. The lowermost unit is nontronite bearing, unconformably overlain by an Al-phyllosilicate unit containing montmorillonite plus hydrated silica, with a thin layer of kaolinite plus hydrated silica at the top of the unit. These two units are draped by a spectrally unremarkable capping unit. Smectites generally form in neutral to alkaline environments, while kaolinite and hydrated silica typically form in slightly acidic conditions; thus, the observed phyllosilicates may reflect a change in aqueous chemistry. Spectra retrieved near the boundary between the nontronite and Al-phyllosilicate units exhibit a strong positive slope from 1 to 2 mu m, likely from a ferrous component within the rock. This ferrous component indicates either rapid deposition in an oxidizing environment or reducing conditions. Formation of each of the phyllosilicate minerals identified requires liquid water, thus indicating a regional wet period in the Noachian when these units formed. The two main phyllosilicate units may be extensive layers of altered volcanic ash. Other potential formational processes include sediment deposition into a marine or lacustrine basin or pedogenesis. C1 [McKeown, Nancy K.; Silver, Eli A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.] SETI Inst Mt View, Mountain View, CA USA. [Bishop, Janice L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dobrea, Eldar Z. Noe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Parente, Mario] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bibring, Jean-Pierre] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP McKeown, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 FU Naval Post-graduate School Center for Remote Sensing; University Affiliated Research Center; NASA's Mars Fundamental Research program; NASA's Mars Data Analysis program; MRO/CRISM mission FX Partial support to N.K.M. was provided by the Naval Post-graduate School Center for Remote Sensing, by the University Affiliated Research Center at UCSC, and by NASA's Mars Fundamental Research program. Additional support was provided by NASA's Mars Data Analysis program and the MRO/CRISM mission. Formal reviews by David Bish and Damien Loizeau greatly improved this paper. We would like to thank the MRO/CRISM Team for the collection and initial processing of the images and Frank Seelos, Olivier Barnouin-Jha, and team for creating the browse products available online at http://crism-map.jhuapl.edu/. NR 74 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 26 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E00D10 DI 10.1029/2008JE003301 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 524MS UT WOS:000272148000001 ER PT J AU Hayward, RK Titus, TN Michaels, TI Fenton, LK Colaprete, A Christensen, PR AF Hayward, Rosalyn K. Titus, Timothy N. Michaels, Timothy I. Fenton, Lori K. Colaprete, Anthony Christensen, Philip R. TI Aeolian dunes as ground truth for atmospheric modeling on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARTIAN SURFACE; DEPOSITS; SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; FEATURES; CAMERA AB Martian aeolian dunes preserve a record of atmosphere/surface interaction on a variety of scales, serving as ground truth for both Global Climate Models (GCMs) and mesoscale climate models, such as the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS). We hypothesize that the location of dune fields, expressed globally by geographic distribution and locally by dune centroid azimuth (DCA), may record the long-term integration of atmospheric activity across a broad area, preserving GCM-scale atmospheric trends. In contrast, individual dune morphology, as expressed in slipface orientation (SF), may be more sensitive to localized variations in circulation, preserving topographically controlled mesoscale trends. We test this hypothesis by comparing the geographic distribution, DCA, and SF of dunes with output from the Ames Mars GCM and, at a local study site, with output from MRAMS. When compared to the GCM: 1) dunes generally lie adjacent to areas with strongest winds, 2) DCA agrees fairly well with GCM modeled wind directions in smooth-floored craters, and 3) SF does not agree well with GCM modeled wind directions. When compared to MRAMS modeled winds at our study site: 1) DCA generally coincides with the part of the crater where modeled mean winds are weak, and 2) SFs are consistent with some weak, topographically influenced modeled winds. We conclude that: 1) geographic distribution may be valuable as ground truth for GCMs, 2) DCA may be useful as ground truth for both GCM and mesoscale models, and 3) SF may be useful as ground truth for mesoscale models. C1 [Hayward, Rosalyn K.; Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Michaels, Timothy I.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Fenton, Lori K.] Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Colaprete, Anthony] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Christensen, Philip R.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hayward, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. FU Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging Spectrometer Project (Arizona State University) FX We appreciate the thoughtful reviews by Ken Herkenhoff and Paul Geissler and Circe Verba's assistance with HiRISE images. We would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer for suggestions that assisted in improving the manuscript. This project was partially supported as part of the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging Spectrometer Project (Arizona State University). Any use of trade or product names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E11012 DI 10.1029/2009JE003428 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 524MR UT WOS:000272147900002 ER PT J AU Payn, RA Gooseff, MN McGlynn, BL Bencala, KE Wondzell, SM AF Payn, R. A. Gooseff, M. N. McGlynn, B. L. Bencala, K. E. Wondzell, S. M. TI Channel water balance and exchange with subsurface flow along a mountain headwater stream in Montana, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; TRACER INJECTION; IONIC TRACERS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; METABOLISM; CATCHMENT; SYSTEMS; RIVERS; CREEK; ZONES AB Channel water balances of contiguous reaches along streams represent a poorly understood scale of stream-subsurface interaction. We measured reach water balances along a headwater stream in Montana, United States, during summer base flow recessions. Reach water balances were estimated from series of tracer tests in 13 consecutive reaches delineated evenly along a 2.6 km valley segment. For each reach, we estimated net change in discharge, gross hydrologic loss, and gross hydrologic gain from tracer dilution and mass recovery. Four series of tracer tests were performed during relatively high, intermediate, and low base flow conditions. The relative distribution of channel water along the stream was strongly related to a transition in valley structure, with a general increase in gross losses through the recession. During tracer tests at intermediate and low flows, there were frequent substantial losses of tracer mass (>10%) that could not be explained by net loss in flow over the reach, indicating that many of the study reaches were concurrently losing and gaining water. For example, one reach with little net change in discharge exchanged nearly 20% of upstream flow with gains and losses along the reach. These substantial bidirectional exchanges suggest that some channel interactions with subsurface flow paths were not measurable by net change in flow or transient storage of recovered tracer. Understanding bidirectional channel water balances in stream reaches along valleys is critical to an accurate assessment of stream solute fate and transport and to a full assessment of exchanges between the stream channel and surrounding subsurface. C1 [Payn, R. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gooseff, M. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bencala, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wondzell, S. M.] US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Payn, R. A.; McGlynn, B. L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Payn, RA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rpayn@montana.edu RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU NSF [EAR 03-37650, EAR 05-30873] FX We thank Kelsey Jencso, Austin Allen, Aurora Bouchier, and Martin Briggs for assistance in the field. We also thank the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, especially Ward McCaughey. This research was supported by collaborative NSF grants EAR 03-37650 to B. L. M. and EAR 05-30873 to M.N.G. The findings and opinions reported here do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. NR 37 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W11427 DI 10.1029/2008WR007644 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 524NF UT WOS:000272149300002 ER PT J AU Krause, AE Frank, KA Jones, ML Nalepa, TF Barbiero, RP Madenjian, CP Agy, M Evans, MS Taylor, WW Mason, DM Leonard, NJ AF Krause, Ann E. Frank, Ken A. Jones, Michael L. Nalepa, Thomas F. Barbiero, Richard P. Madenjian, Charles P. Agy, Megan Evans, Marlene S. Taylor, William W. Mason, Doran M. Leonard, Nancy J. TI Adaptations in a hierarchical food web of southeastern Lake Michigan SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Ecological Network Analysis CY APR, 2008 CL Univ Georgia, Athens, GA HO Univ Georgia DE Food webs; Networks; Hierarchical systems theory; Shannon; Subsystems; Compartments; Uncertainty; Lake Michigan ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; COHESIVE SUBGROUPS; PREY SELECTION; MYSIS-RELICTA; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Two issues in ecological network theory are: (1) how to construct an ecological network model and (2) how do entire networks (as opposed to individual species) adapt to changing conditions? We present a novel method for constructing an ecological network model for the food web of southeastern Lake Michigan (USA) and we identify changes in key system properties that are large relative to their uncertainty as this ecological network adapts from one time point to a second time point in response to multiple perturbations. To construct our food web for southeastern Lake Michigan, we followed the list of seven recommendations outlined in Cohen et al. [Cohen, J.E.,et al., 1993. Improving food webs. Ecology 74, 252-258] for improving food webs. We explored two inter-related extensions of hierarchical system theory with our food web; the first one was that subsystems react to perturbations independently in the short-term and the second one was that a system's properties change at a slower rate than its subsystems' properties. We used Shannon's equations to provide quantitative versions of the basic food web properties: number of prey, number of predators, number of feeding links, and connectance (or density). We then compared these properties between the two time-periods by developing distributions of each property for each time period that took uncertainty about the property into account. We compared these distributions, and concluded that non-overlapping distributions indicated changes in these properties that were large relative to their uncertainty. Two subsystems were identified within our food web system structure (p < 0.001). One subsystem had more non-overlapping distributions in food web properties between Time 1 and Time 2 than the other subsystem. The overall system had all overlapping distributions in food web properties between Time I and Time 2. These results supported both extensions of hierarchical systems theory. Interestingly, the subsystem with more non-overlapping distributions in food web properties was the subsystem that contained primarily benthic taxa, contrary to expectations that the identified major perturbations (lower phosphorous inputs and invasive species) would more greatly affect the subsystem containing primarily pelagic taxa. Future food-web research should employ rigorous statistical analysis and incorporate uncertainty in food web properties for a better understanding of how ecological networks adapt. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krause, Ann E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Frank, Ken A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Counseling Educ Psychol & Special Educ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Frank, Ken A.; Jones, Michael L.; Taylor, William W.; Leonard, Nancy J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.; Mason, Doran M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Barbiero, Richard P.] Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Barbiero, Richard P.] Comp Sci Corp, Chicago, IL USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Evans, Marlene S.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Agy, Megan] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Krause, AE (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, MS 604,2801 W Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM ann.krause@utoledo.edu OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 22 BP 3147 EP 3162 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.07.021 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 523LM UT WOS:000272074800006 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, FI Geist, EL Jaffe, B Kanoglu, U Mofjeld, H Synolakis, CE Titov, VV Arcas, D Bellomo, D Carlton, D Horning, T Johnson, J Newman, J Parsons, T Peters, R Peterson, C Priest, G Venturato, A Weber, J Wong, F Yalciner, A AF Gonzalez, F. I. Geist, E. L. Jaffe, B. Kanoglu, U. Mofjeld, H. Synolakis, C. E. Titov, V. V. Arcas, D. Bellomo, D. Carlton, D. Horning, T. Johnson, J. Newman, J. Parsons, T. Peters, R. Peterson, C. Priest, G. Venturato, A. Weber, J. Wong, F. Yalciner, A. TI Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment at Seaside, Oregon, for near- and far-field seismic sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; EARTHQUAKES; WAVE; RUNUP; EVOLUTION; BEACH; TIDES AB The first probabilistic tsunami flooding maps have been developed. The methodology, called probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA), integrates tsunami inundation modeling with methods of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). Application of the methodology to Seaside, Oregon, has yielded estimates of the spatial distribution of 100- and 500-year maximum tsunami amplitudes, i.e., amplitudes with 1% and 0.2% annual probability of exceedance. The 100-year tsunami is generated most frequently by far-field sources in the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone and is characterized by maximum amplitudes that do not exceed 4 m, with an inland extent of less than 500 m. In contrast, the 500-year tsunami is dominated by local sources in the Cascadia Subduction Zone and is characterized by maximum amplitudes in excess of 10 m and an inland extent of more than 1 km. The primary sources of uncertainty in these results include those associated with interevent time estimates, modeling of background sea level, and accounting for temporal changes in bathymetry and topography. Nonetheless, PTHA represents an important contribution to tsunami hazard assessment techniques; viewed in the broader context of risk analysis, PTHA provides a method for quantifying estimates of the likelihood and severity of the tsunami hazard, which can then be combined with vulnerability and exposure to yield estimates of tsunami risk. C1 [Gonzalez, F. I.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Geist, E. L.; Parsons, T.; Wong, F.] US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jaffe, B.] US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kanoglu, U.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Engn Sci, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Mofjeld, H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Synolakis, C. E.] Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Titov, V. V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Arcas, D.; Newman, J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Bellomo, D.; Weber, J.] FEMA, Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20472 USA. [Carlton, D.] ESA Adolfson, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Horning, T.] Horning Geosci, Seaside, OR 97138 USA. [Johnson, J.] NW Hydraul Consultants Ltd, Seattle, WA 98188 USA. [Peters, R.] Robert Peters Geol, Davenport, CA 95017 USA. [Peterson, C.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Priest, G.] Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Oregon Dept, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Venturato, A.] Pierce Cty GIS Div, Tacoma, WA 98405 USA. [Yalciner, A.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Gonzalez, FI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Johnson Hall,Room 070,Box 351310,4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM figonzal@u.washington.edu; vasily.titov@noaa.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; Kanoglu, Utku/F-9037-2012; Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Newman, Jean/K-6638-2015; OI Kanoglu, Utku/0000-0002-5952-0954; Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank Brian Atwater and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough reviews and constructive comments. Similarly, we thank Frederic Raichlen and Robert Dean for their comprehensive reviews of the original Tsunami Pilot Study Working Group [TPSWG, 2006] report, which resulted in this paper. High-resolution fault geometry for the Cascadia interplate thrust was generously provided by Kelin Wang. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement Number NA17RJ1232, contribution number 1596, PMEL contribution number 3240. NR 74 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 24 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C11023 DI 10.1029/2008JC005132 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 524MP UT WOS:000272147700002 ER PT J AU Lay, T Kanamori, H Ammon, CJ Hutko, AR Furlong, K Rivera, L AF Lay, Thorne Kanamori, Hiroo Ammon, Charles J. Hutko, Alexander R. Furlong, Kevin Rivera, Luis TI The 2006-2007 Kuril Islands great earthquake sequence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID COUPLED SUBDUCTION ZONES; LARGE SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; OUTER RISE EARTHQUAKES; EARTHS UPPER-MANTLE; WAVE-FORMS; LITHOSPHERIC STRESS; SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE; INELASTIC MODELS; W-PHASE; INVERSION AB The southwestern half of a similar to 500 km long seismic gap in the central Kuril Island arc subduction zone experienced two great earthquakes with extensive preshock and aftershock sequences in late 2006 to early 2007. The nature of seismic coupling in the gap had been uncertain due to the limited historical record of prior large events and the presence of distinctive upper plate, trench and outer rise structures relative to adjacent regions along the arc that have experienced repeated great interplate earthquakes in the last few centuries. The intraplate region seaward of the seismic gap had several shallow compressional events during the preceding decades (notably an M-S 7.2 event on 16 March 1963), leading to speculation that the interplate fault was seismically coupled. This issue was partly resolved by failure of the shallow portion of the interplate megathrust in an M-w = 8.3 thrust event on 15 November 2006. This event ruptured similar to 250 km along the seismic gap, just northeast of the great 1963 Kuril Island (M-w = 8.5) earthquake rupture zone. Within minutes of the thrust event, intense earthquake activity commenced beneath the outer wall of the trench seaward of the interplate rupture, with the larger events having normal-faulting mechanisms. An unusual double band of interplate and intraplate aftershocks developed. On 13 January 2007, an M-W = 8.1 extensional earthquake ruptured within the Pacific plate beneath the seaward edge of the Kuril trench. This event is the third largest normal-faulting earthquake seaward of a subduction zone on record, and its rupture zone extended to at least 33 km depth and paralleled most of the length of the 2006 rupture. The 13 January 2007 event produced stronger shaking in Japan than the larger thrust event, as a consequence of higher short-period energy radiation from the source. The great event aftershock sequences were dominated by the expected faulting geometries; thrust faulting for the 2006 rupture zone, and normal faulting for the 2007 rupture zone. A large intraplate compressional event occurred on 15 January 2009 (M-w = 7.4) near 45 km depth, below the rupture zone of the 2007 event and in the vicinity of the 16 March 1963 compressional event. The fault geometry, rupture process and slip distributions of the two great events are estimated using very broadband teleseismic body and surface wave observations. The occurrence of the thrust event in the shallowest portion of the interplate fault in a region with a paucity of large thrust events at greater depths suggests that the event removed most of the slip deficit on this portion of the interplate fault. This great earthquake doublet demonstrates the heightened seismic hazard posed by induced intraplate faulting following large interplate thrust events. Future seismic failure of the remainder of the seismic gap appears viable, with the northeastern region that has also experienced compressional activity seaward of the megathrust warranting particular attention. C1 [Lay, Thorne] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ammon, Charles J.; Furlong, Kevin] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hutko, Alexander R.] US Geol Survey, NEIC, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kanamori, Hiroo] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rivera, Luis] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RP Lay, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St,Earth & Marine Sci Bldg, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM thorne@pmc.ucsc.edu FU NSF [EAR0453884, EAR0635570]; USGS [05HQGR0174] FX We thank the developers of GMT and SAC and the global and transportable seismic network operators who have constructed a superb open data access network for seismic research and monitoring. Ed Garnero and Christine Houser provided algorithms used for computing aspherical model travel time corrections for tomography models. We thank M. Raeesi and Y. Fujii for prepublication copies of their papers and Gavin Hayes, Daniel McNamara, and Phil Cummins for comments and discussions of the events. We thank Roland Bergmann and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System were used to access the data used in this study. Supported by NSF grants EAR0453884 and EAR0635570 (T.L.) and USGS Award 05HQGR0174 (C.J.A.). NR 77 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 24 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B11308 DI 10.1029/2008JB006280 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 524MU UT WOS:000272148200001 ER PT J AU Bouligand, C Glen, JMG Blakely, RJ AF Bouligand, Claire Glen, Jonathan M. G. Blakely, Richard J. TI Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; STRATIFIED MULTIFRACTAL MAGNETIZATION; SURFACE GEOMAGNETIC-FIELDS; HEAT-FLOW; COLORADO PLATEAU; AEROMAGNETIC DATA; RANGE PROVINCE; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; CASCADE RANGE; SEISMIC-REFRACTION AB We have revisited the problem of mapping depth to the Curie temperature isotherm from magnetic anomalies in an attempt to provide a measure of crustal temperatures in the western United States. Such methods are based on the estimation of the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, which is assumed to correspond to the temperature at which rocks lose their spontaneous magnetization. In this study, we test and apply a method based on the spectral analysis of magnetic anomalies. Early spectral analysis methods assumed that crustal magnetization is a completely uncorrelated function of position. Our method incorporates a more realistic representation where magnetization has a fractal distribution defined by three independent parameters: the depths to the top and bottom of magnetic sources and a fractal parameter related to the geology. The predictions of this model are compatible with radial power spectra obtained from aeromagnetic data in the western United States. Model parameters are mapped by estimating their value within a sliding window swept over the study area. The method works well on synthetic data sets when one of the three parameters is specified in advance. The application of this method to western United States magnetic compilations, assuming a constant fractal parameter, allowed us to detect robust long-wavelength variations in the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources. Depending on the geologic and geophysical context, these features may result from variations in depth to the Curie temperature isotherm, depth to the mantle, depth to the base of volcanic rocks, or geologic settings that affect the value of the fractal parameter. Depth to the bottom of magnetic sources shows several features correlated with prominent heat flow anomalies. It also shows some features absent in the map of heat flow. Independent geophysical and geologic data sets are examined to determine their origin, thereby providing new insights on the thermal and geologic crustal structure of the western United States. C1 [Bouligand, Claire; Glen, Jonathan M. G.; Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bouligand, C (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM Claire.Bouligand@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr FU U.S. Geological Survey; French Ministry of Foreign Affairs FX We thank Andrei Khokhlov for help in solving the integral used for the calculation of the radial power spectrum of magnetic anomalies. We are grateful to our colleagues, Rick Saltus, Gerry Connard, Colin Williams, Stefan Maus, Dave Hill, Mark Gettings, Bob Kucks, Mike Purucker, Tiku Ravat, Erwan Thebault, Dave Ponce, Gauthier Hulot, and Vincent Courtillot for helpful comments and discussions. We thank Derek Fairhead, John Sass, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments which helped to improve the original manuscript. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Geothermal Resource Assessment Program. Part of this work was supported by a Lavoisier Grant from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (to C. Bouligand). NR 81 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B11104 DI 10.1029/2009JB006494 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 522LS UT WOS:000272000000001 ER PT J AU Pierce, KL Morgan, LA AF Pierce, Kenneth L. Morgan, Lisa A. TI Is the track of the Yellowstone hotspot driven by a deep mantle plume? Review of volcanism, faulting, and uplift in light of new data SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Track of the Yellowstone Hotspot held at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer DE Yellowstone; hotspot track; mantle plume; uplift; volcanism; faulting ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN GREAT-BASIN; CONTINENTAL FLOOD BASALTS; CURRENT PLATE VELOCITIES; RANGE PROVINCE; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; NORTHWESTERN NEVADA; MIOCENE EXTENSION; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE AB Geophysical imaging of a tilted mantle plume extending at least 500 km beneath the Yellowstone caldera provides compelling support for a plume origin of the entire Yellowstone hotspot track back to its inception at 17 Ma with eruptions of flood basalts and rhyolite. The widespread volcanism, combined with a large volume of buoyant asthenosphere, supports a plume head as an initial phase. Estimates of the diameter of the plume head suggest it completely spanned the upper mantle and was fed from sources beneath the transition zone, We consider a mantle-plume depth to at least 1,000 km to best explain the large scale of features associated with the hotspot track. The Columbia River-Steens flood basalts form a northward-migrating succession consistent with the outward spreading of a plume head beneath the lithosphere. The northern part of the inferred plume head spread (pancaked) upward beneath Mesozoic oceanic crust to produce flood basalts, whereas basalt melt from the southern part intercepted and melted Paleozoic and older crust to produce rhyolite from 17 to 14 Ma. The plume head overlapped the craton margin as defined by strontium isotopes; westward motion of the North American plate has likely "scraped off" the head from the plume tail. Flood basalt chemistries are explained by delamination of the lithosphere where the plume head intersected this cratonic margin. Before reaching the lithosphere, the rising plume head apparently intercepted the east-dipping Juan de Fuca slab and was deflected similar to 250 km to the west; the plume head eventually broke through the slab, leaving an abruptly truncated slab. Westward deflection of the plume head can explain the anomalously rapid hotspot movement of 62 km/m.y. from 17 to 10 Ma, compared to the rate of similar to 25 km/m.y. from 10 to 2 Ma. A plume head-to-tail transition occurred in the 14-to-10-Ma interval in the central Snake River Plain and was characterized by frequent (every 200-300 ka for about 2 m.y. from 12.7 to 10.5 Ma) "large volume (>7000 km(3))", and high temperature rhyolitic eruptions (>1000 degrees C) along a similar to 200-km-wide east-west band. The broad transition area required a heat source of comparable area. Differing characteristics of the volcanic fields here may in part be due to variations in crustal composition but also may reflect development in differing parts of an evolving plume where the older fields may reflect the eruption from several volcanic centers located above very large and extensive rhyolitic magma chamber(s) over the detached plume head while the younger fields may signal the arrival of the plume tail intercepting and melting the lithosphere and generating a more focused rhyolitic magma chamber. The three youngest volcanic fields of the hotspot track started with large ignimbrite eruptions at 10.21, 6.62, and 2.05 Ma. They indicate hotspot migration N55 degrees E at similar to 25 km/m.y. compatible in direction and velocity with the North American Plate motion. The Yellowstone Crescent of High Terrain (YCHT) flares outward ahead of the volcanic progression in a pattern similar to a bow-wave, and thus favors a sub-lithospheric driver. Estimates of YCHT-uplift rates are between 0.1 and 0.4 mm/yr. Drainage divides have migrated northeastward with the hotspot. The Continental Divide and a radial drainage pattern now centers on the hotspot. The largest geoid anomaly in the conterminous U.S. is also centered on Yellowstone and, consistent with uplift above a mantle plume. Bands of late Cenozoic faulting extend south and west from Yellowstone. These bands are subdivided into belts based both on recency of offset and range-front height. Fault history within these belts suggests the following pattern: Belt I - starting activity but little accumulated offset; Belt 11 - peak activity with high total offset and activity younger than 14 ka: Belt III - waning activity with large offset and activity younger than 140 ka; and Belt IV - apparently dead on substantial range fronts (south side of the eastern Snake River Plain only). These belts of fault activity have migrated northeast in tandem with the adjacent hotspot volcanism. On the southern arm of the YCHT, fault activity occurs on the inner, western slope consistent with driving by gravitational potential energy, whereas faulting has not started on the eastern, outer, more compressional slope. Range fronts increase in height and steepness northeastward along the southern-fault band. Both the belts of faulting and the YCHT are asymmetrical across the volcanic hotspot track flaring out 1.6 times more on the south than the north side. This and the southeast tilt of the Yellowstone plume may reflect southeast flow of the upper mantle. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pierce, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Morgan, Lisa A.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Pierce, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Box 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kpierce@usgs.gov NR 193 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 188 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.009 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 540YP UT WOS:000273377600002 ER PT J AU Larson, PB Phillips, A John, D Cosca, M Pritchard, C Andersen, A Manion, J AF Larson, Peter B. Phillips, Allison John, David Cosca, Michael Pritchard, Chad Andersen, Allen Manion, Jennifer TI A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Track of the Yellowstone Hotspot held at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer DE hydrothermal; caldera; rhyolite; Yellowstone; epithermal ID PLATEAU VOLCANIC FIELD; SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; NATIONAL-PARK; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; LOW-DELTA-O-18 RHYOLITES; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; GEYSER-BASIN; ACID-SULFATE; BULL LAKE AB Erosion in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera (640 ka), Wyoming, has exposed a cross section of older hydrothermal alteration in the canyon walls. The altered outcrops of the post-collapse tuff of Sulphur Creek (480 ka) extend from the canyon rim to more than 300 m beneath it. The hydrothermal minerals are zoned, with an advanced argillic alteration consisting of an association of quartz (opal) + kaolinite +/- alunite +/- dickite, and an argillic or potassic alteration association with quartz + illite +/- adularia. Disseminated fine-grained pyrite or marcasite is ubiquitous in both alteration types. These alteration associations are characteristic products of shallow volcanic epithermal environments. The contact between the two alteration types is about 100 m beneath the rim. By analogy to other active geothermal systems including active hydrothermal springs in the Yellowstone Caldera, the transition from kaolinite to illite occurred at temperatures in the range 150 to 170 degrees C. An (40)Ar/(39)Ar age on alunite of 154,000 +/- 16,000 years suggests that hydrothermal activity has been ongoing since at least that time. A northwest-trending linear array of extinct and active hot spring centers in the Sevenmile Hole area implies a deeper structural control for the upflowing hydrothermal fluids. We interpret this deeper structure to be the Yellowstone Caldera ring fault that is covered by the younger tuff of Sulphur Creek. The Sevenmile Hole altered area lies at the eastern end of a band of hydrothermal centers that may mark the buried extension of the Yellowstone Caldera ring fault across the northern part of the Caldera. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larson, Peter B.; Phillips, Allison; Pritchard, Chad; Andersen, Allen; Manion, Jennifer] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [John, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cosca, Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Larson, PB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM plarson@wsu.edu OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 188 IS 1-3 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.017 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 540YP UT WOS:000273377600017 ER PT J AU Hodges, MKV Link, PK Fanning, CM AF Hodges, Mary K. V. Link, Paul Karl Fanning, C. Mark TI The Pliocene Lost River found to west: Detrital zircon evidence of drainage disruption along a subsiding hotspot track SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Track of the Yellowstone Hotspot held at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer DE Idaho; detrital zircon; Big Lost River; Snake River Plain; Neogene; Axial Volcanic Zone; Cryogenian magmatism; drainage disruption; INL ID YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; CRETACEOUS STRATA; SILICIC VOLCANISM; IDAHO; PLAIN; PROVENANCE; EVOLUTION; MIOCENE; BASIN; QUATERNARY AB SHRIMP analysis of U/Pb ages of detrital zircons in twelve late Miocene to Pleistocene sand samples from six drill cores on the Snake River Plain (SRP), Idaho, suggests that an ancestral Lost River system was drained westward along the northern side of the SRP. Neoproterozoic (650 to 740 Ma, Cryogenian) detrital zircon grains from the Wildhorse Creek drainage of the Pioneer Mountains core complex, with a source in 695 Ma orthogneiss, and which are characteristic of the Big Lost River system, are found in Pliocene sand from cores drilled in the central SRP (near Wendell) and western SRP (at Mountain Home). In addition to these Neoproterozoic grains, fluvial sands sourced from the northern margin of the SRP contain detrital zircons with the following ages: 42 to 52 Ma from the Challis magmatic belt, 80 to 100 Ma from the Atlanta lobe of the Idaho batholith, and mixed Paleozoic and Proterozoic ages (1400 to 2000 Ma). In contrast, sands in the Mountain Home Air Base well (MHAB) that contain 155-Ma Jurassic detrital grains with a source in northern Nevada are interpreted to represent an integrated Snake River, with provenance on the southern, eastern and northern sides of the SRP. We propose that late Pliocene and early Pleistocene construction of basaltic volcanoes and rhyolitic domes of the Axial Volcanic Zone of the eastern SRP and the northwest-trending Arco Volcanic Rift Zone (including the Craters of the Moon volcanic center), disrupted the paleo-Lost River drainage, confining it to the Big Lost Trough, a volcanically dammed basin of internal drainage on the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). After the Axial Volcanic Zone and Arco Volcanic Rift Zone were constructed to form a volcanic eruptive and intrusive highland to the southwest, sediment from the Big Lost River was trapped in the Big Lost Trough instead of being delivered by surface streams to the western SRP. Today, water from drainages north of the SRP enters the Snake River Plain regional aquifer through sinks in the Big Lost Trough, and the water resurfaces at Thousand Springs, Idaho, about 195 km to the southwest. Holocene to latest Pliocene samples from drill core in the Big Lost Trough reveal interplay between the glacio-fluvial outwash of the voluminous Big Lost River system and the relatively minor Little Lost River system. A mixed provenance signature is recognized in fine-grained sands deposited in a highstand of a Pleistocene pluvial-lake system. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Link, Paul Karl] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Hodges, Mary K. V.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Natl Lab, Project Off, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Link, PK (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM linkpaul@isu.edu RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 188 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.019 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 540YP UT WOS:000273377600018 ER PT J AU Pilkington, M Saltus, RW AF Pilkington, Mark Saltus, Rick W. TI The Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly, Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada-Evidence for Early Proterozoic magmatic arc crust at the edge of the North American craton SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the International-Association-of-Geodesy/24th General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 02-13, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geodesy, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys DE Magnetic anomaly; Crustal strength; Magmatic arc ID WESTERN CANADA; CORDILLERA; BASIN; OROGEN; PENINSULA; BOUNDARY; BASEMENT; BELT; MOHO AB We characterize the nature of the Source of the high-amplitude, long-wavelength, Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly (MRA), Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada, based oil magnetic field data collected at three different altitudes: 300 m. 3.5 kill and 400 kill. The MRA is the largest amplitude (13 nT) satellite magnetic anomaly over Canada. Within the extent of the MRA, source depth estimates (8-12 km) from Euler deconvolution of low-altitude aeromagnetic data show coincidence with basement depths interpreted from reflection seismic data. Inversion of high-altitude (3.5 km) aeromagnetic data produces an average magnetization of 2.5 A/m within a 15- to 35-km deep layer, a Value typical of magmatic arc complexes. Early Proterozoic magmatic arc rocks have been sampled to the southeast of the MRA, within the Fort Simpson magnetic anomaly. The MRA is one of several broad-scale magnetic highs that occur along the inboard margin Of the Cordillera in Canada and Alaska, which are coincident with geometric changes in the thrust front transition from the mobile belt to stable cratonic North America. The inferred early Proterozoic magmatic arc complex along the western edge of the North American craton likely influenced later tectonic evolution, by acting as a buttress along the inboard margin of the Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pilkington, Mark] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. [Saltus, Rick W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Pilkington, M (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 615 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. EM mpilking@nrcan.gc.ca; saltus@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 478 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.006 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 530CO UT WOS:000272566700007 ER PT J AU Pearson, T Giffard, P Beckstrom-Sternberg, S Auerbach, R Hornstra, H Tuanyok, A Price, EP Glass, MB Leadem, B Beckstrom-Sternberg, JS Allan, GJ Foster, JT Wagner, DM Okinaka, RT Sim, SH Pearson, O Wu, ZN Chang, J Kaul, R Hoffmaster, AR Brettin, TS Robison, RA Mayo, M Gee, JE Tan, P Currie, BJ Keim, P AF Pearson, Talima Giffard, Philip Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen Auerbach, Raymond Hornstra, Heidie Tuanyok, Apichai Price, Erin P. Glass, Mindy B. Leadem, Benjamin Beckstrom-Sternberg, James S. Allan, Gerard J. Foster, Jeffrey T. Wagner, David M. Okinaka, Richard T. Sim, Siew Hoon Pearson, Ofori Wu, Zaining Chang, Jean Kaul, Rajinder Hoffmaster, Alex R. Brettin, Thomas S. Robison, Richard A. Mayo, Mark Gee, Jay E. Tan, Patrick Currie, Bart J. Keim, Paul TI Phylogeographic reconstruction of a bacterial species with high levels of lateral gene transfer SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; SEQUENCE TYPING DATA; BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS AB Background: Phylogeographic reconstruction of some bacterial populations is hindered by low diversity coupled with high levels of lateral gene transfer. A comparison of recombination levels and diversity at seven housekeeping genes for eleven bacterial species, most of which are commonly cited as having high levels of lateral gene transfer shows that the relative contributions of homologous recombination versus mutation for Burkholderia pseudomallei is over two times higher than for Streptococcus pneumoniae and is thus the highest value yet reported in bacteria. Despite the potential for homologous recombination to increase diversity, B. pseudomallei exhibits a relative lack of diversity at these loci. In these situations, whole genome genotyping of orthologous shared single nucleotide polymorphism loci, discovered using next generation sequencing technologies, can provide very large data sets capable of estimating core phylogenetic relationships. We compared and searched 43 whole genome sequences of B. pseudomallei and its closest relatives for single nucleotide polymorphisms in orthologous shared regions to use in phylogenetic reconstruction. Results: Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of > 14,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms yielded completely resolved trees for these 43 strains with high levels of statistical support. These results enable a better understanding of a separate analysis of population differentiation among > 1,700 B. pseudomallei isolates as defined by sequence data from seven housekeeping genes. We analyzed this larger data set for population structure and allele sharing that can be attributed to lateral gene transfer. Our results suggest that despite an almost panmictic population, we can detect two distinct populations of B. pseudomallei that conform to biogeographic patterns found in many plant and animal species. That is, separation along Wallace's Line, a biogeographic boundary between Southeast Asia and Australia. Conclusion: We describe an Australian origin for B. pseudomallei, characterized by a single introduction event into Southeast Asia during a recent glacial period, and variable levels of lateral gene transfer within populations. These patterns provide insights into mechanisms of genetic diversification in B. pseudomallei and its closest relatives, and provide a framework for integrating the traditionally separate fields of population genetics and phylogenetics for other bacterial species with high levels of lateral gene transfer. C1 [Pearson, Talima; Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen; Auerbach, Raymond; Hornstra, Heidie; Tuanyok, Apichai; Price, Erin P.; Leadem, Benjamin; Foster, Jeffrey T.; Wagner, David M.; Okinaka, Richard T.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Giffard, Philip; Mayo, Mark; Currie, Bart J.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Kelvin Grove, Australia. [Giffard, Philip] Charles Darwin Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen; Price, Erin P.; Beckstrom-Sternberg, James S.; Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Glass, Mindy B.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.; Gee, Jay E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Allan, Gerard J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Genet & Genom Facil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Okinaka, Richard T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sim, Siew Hoon; Tan, Patrick] Def Med & Environm Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore. [Pearson, Ofori] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wu, Zaining; Chang, Jean; Kaul, Rajinder] Univ Washington, Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wu, Zaining; Chang, Jean; Kaul, Rajinder] Univ Washington, Div Med Genet, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brettin, Thomas S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Robison, Richard A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Tan, Patrick] Genome Inst Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. [Currie, Bart J.] Royal Darwin Hosp, No Terr Clin Sch, Darwin, NT, Australia. [Auerbach, Raymond] Yale Univ, Program Computat Biol & Bioinformat, New Haven, CT USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Talima.Pearson@NAU.edu; Phil.Giffard@menzies.edu.au; sbeckstrom@tgen.org; Raymond.Auerbach@yale.edu; Heidie.Hornstra-ONeill@nau.edu; apichai.tuanyok@nau.edu; Erin.price@nau.edu; wzg0@cdc.gov; bleadem1@jhu.edu; jbeckstrom@tgen.org; Gery.allan@nau.edu; jeff.foster@nau.edu; dave.wagner@nau.edu; Richard.Okinaka@nau.edu; ssiewhoo@dso.org.sg; opearson@usgs.gov; znwu@u.washington.edu; mspiggy1@u.washington.edu; rkkaul@u.washington.edu; amh9@cdc.gov; brettin@lanl.gov; richard_robison@byu.edu; Mark.mayo@menzies.edu.au; xzg4@cdc.gov; gmstanp@nus.edu.sg; bart@menzies.edu.au; paul.keim@nau.edu RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Giffard, Philip/N-2293-2013; Price, Erin/N-2336-2013; OI Price, Erin/0000-0002-1079-4882; Robison, Richard/0000-0002-4324-5169; Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security S&T CB Division Bioforensics R&D Program, NIH-NIAID [U54AI-56359, U01AI-075568]; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [383504] FX We would like to thank Richard Lenski for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security S&T CB Division Bioforensics R&D Program, NIH-NIAID grants U54AI-56359 and U01AI-075568, and Project Grant (no. 383504) from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Use of products/names does not constitute endorsement by DHS of USG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD NOV 18 PY 2009 VL 7 AR 78 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-7-78 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 526ZW UT WOS:000272336500001 PM 19922616 ER PT J AU Cortes, DD Martin, AI Yun, TS Francisca, FM Santamarina, JC Ruppel, C AF Cortes, Douglas D. Martin, Ana I. Yun, Tae Sup Francisca, Franco M. Santamarina, J. Carlos Ruppel, Carolyn TI Thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID METHANE-HYDRATE; HEAT-FLOW; GAS HYDRATE; CLATHRATE; SOILS; TEMPERATURE; RESISTIVITY; COMPOSITES; RESISTANCE; SAND AB A thorough understanding of the thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments is necessary for evaluating phase transformation processes that would accompany energy production from gas hydrate deposits and for estimating regional heat flow based on the observed depth to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. The coexistence of multiple phases (gas hydrate, liquid and gas pore fill, and solid sediment grains) and their complex spatial arrangement hinder the a priori prediction of the thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments. Previous studies have been unable to capture the full parameter space covered by variations in grain size, specific surface, degree of saturation, nature of pore filling material, and effective stress for hydrate-bearing samples. Here we report on systematic measurements of the thermal conductivity of air dry, water-and tetrohydrofuran (THF)-saturated, and THF hydrate -saturated sand and clay samples at vertical effective stress of 0.05 to 1 MPa (corresponding to depths as great as 100 m below seafloor). Results reveal that the bulk thermal conductivity of the samples in every case reflects a complex interplay among particle size, effective stress, porosity, and fluid-versus-hydrate filled pore spaces. The thermal conductivity of THF hydrate-bearing soils increases upon hydrate formation although the thermal conductivities of THF solution and THF hydrate are almost the same. Several mechanisms can contribute to this effect including cryogenic suction during hydrate crystal growth and the ensuing porosity reduction in the surrounding sediment, increased mean effective stress due to hydrate formation under zero lateral strain conditions, and decreased interface thermal impedance as grain-liquid interfaces are transformed into grain-hydrate interfaces. C1 [Cortes, Douglas D.; Santamarina, J. Carlos] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Francisca, Franco M.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ingn, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Ruppel, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Yun, Tae Sup] Yonsei Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Cortes, DD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM douglas.cortes@ce.gatech.edu; ana_isabel_martin@yahoo.com; taesup.yun@gmail.com; ffrancis@gtwing.efn.uncor.edu; carlos@ce.gatech.edu; cruppel@usgs.gov RI Yun, Tae Sup/G-7988-2012; Cortes, Douglas/A-7879-2013; OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FC26-01NT41330]; Goizueta Foundation; American Chemical Society [AC8-31351] FX This work was supported by the Chevron Joint Industry Project on Methane Hydrates under contract DE-FC26-01NT41330 to Georgia Institute of Technology from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. J.C.S. received additional support from the Goizueta Foundation. C.R. thanks the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society under AC8-31351 for early support of thermal conductivity research on hydrate-bearing sediments at Georgia Institute of Technology. Comments by W. Waite and reviewer B. Dugan improved the manuscript. Any use of a trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the DOE or the USGS. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B11103 DI 10.1029/2008JB006235 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 522LR UT WOS:000271999900003 ER PT J AU Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL Booth, RK Gray, ST AF Jackson, Stephen T. Betancourt, Julio L. Booth, Robert K. Gray, Stephen T. TI Ecology and the ratchet of events: Climate variability, niche dimensions, and species distributions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Arthur M Sackler Colloquium of the National-Academy-of-Sciences on Biogeography, Changing Climates and Niche Evolution CY DEC 12-13, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP Natl Acad Sci & Engn, Arnold & Mabel Beckman Ctr DE biogeography; climate change; paleoecology; regeneration niche ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-LAKES REGION; LATE-QUATERNARY; TREE MORTALITY; HISTORICAL CONTINGENCY; VEGETATION CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; RANGE SHIFTS; ACER-RUBRUM; HOLOCENE AB Climate change in the coming centuries will be characterized by interannual, decadal, and multidecadal fluctuations superimposed on anthropogenic trends. Predicting ecological and biogeographic responses to these changes constitutes an immense challenge for ecologists. Perspectives from climatic and ecological history indicate that responses will be laden with contingencies, resulting from episodic climatic events interacting with demographic and colonization events. This effect is compounded by the dependency of environmental sensitivity upon life-stage for many species. Climate variables often used in empirical niche models may become decoupled from the proximal variables that directly influence individuals and populations. Greater predictive capacity, and more-fundamental ecological and biogeographic understanding, will come from integration of correlational niche modeling with mechanistic niche modeling, dynamic ecological modeling, targeted experiments, and systematic observations of past and present patterns and dynamics. C1 [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Water Resources Data Syst & Wyoming State, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Booth, Robert K.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Jackson, ST (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jackson@uwyo.edu RI Booth, Robert/G-5563-2010 NR 102 TC 195 Z9 198 U1 16 U2 137 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 17 PY 2009 VL 106 SU 2 BP 19685 EP 19692 DI 10.1073/pnas.0901644106 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 521FZ UT WOS:000271907100009 PM 19805104 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, NE Yoccoz, NG Edwards, TC Meier, ES Thuiller, W Guisan, A Schmatz, DR Pearman, PB AF Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Yoccoz, Nigel G. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Meier, Eliane S. Thuiller, Wilfried Guisan, Antoine Schmatz, Dirk R. Pearman, Peter B. TI Climatic extremes improve predictions of spatial patterns of tree species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Arthur M Sackler Colloquium of the National-Academy-of-Sciences on Biogeography, Changing Climates and Niche Evolution CY DEC 12-13, 2008 CL Irvine, CA SP Natl Acad Sci & Engn, Arnold & Mabel Beckman Ctr DE climate change; ecological niche; generalized additive model; geographic range; species distribution models ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; CHANGING CLIMATE; NICHE EVOLUTION; MORTALITY-RATES; CHANGE IMPACTS; GLOBAL CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN; EUROPE AB Understanding niche evolution, dynamics, and the response of species to climate change requires knowledge of the determinants of the environmental niche and species range limits. Mean values of climatic variables are often used in such analyses. In contrast, the increasing frequency of climate extremes suggests the importance of understanding their additional influence on range limits. Here, we assess how measures representing climate extremes (i.e., interannual variability in climate parameters) explain and predict spatial patterns of 11 tree species in Switzerland. We find clear, although comparably small, improvement (+20% in adjusted D-2, +8% and +3% in cross-validated True Skill Statistic and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve values) in models that use measures of extremes in addition to means. The primary effect of including information on climate extremes is a correction of local overprediction and underprediction. Our results demonstrate that measures of climate extremes are important for understanding the climatic limits of tree species and assessing species niche characteristics. The inclusion of climate variability likely will improve models of species range limits under future conditions, where changes in mean climate and increased variability are expected. C1 [Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Meier, Eliane S.; Schmatz, Dirk R.; Pearman, Peter B.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Yoccoz, Nigel G.] Univ Tromso, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thuiller, Wilfried] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5553, Lab Ecol Alpine, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Guisan, Antoine] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Zimmermann, NE (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM niklaus.zimmermann@wsl.ch RI THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; Pearman, Peter/C-6298-2011; Yoccoz, Nigel/C-8561-2014; Guisan, Antoine/A-1057-2011; Schmatz, Dirk/L-7281-2013; Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008; Meier, Eliane/D-5214-2012 OI THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; Pearman, Peter/0000-0002-0794-101X; Yoccoz, Nigel/0000-0003-2192-1039; Guisan, Antoine/0000-0002-3998-4815; Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604; Meier, Eliane/0000-0002-9545-1167 NR 70 TC 142 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 84 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 17 PY 2009 VL 106 SU 2 BP 19723 EP 19728 DI 10.1073/pnas.0901643106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 521FZ UT WOS:000271907100014 PM 19897732 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Schreier, TM AF Meinertz, Jeffery R. Schreier, Theresa M. TI Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S (TM) exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE AQUI-S (TM); Isoeugenol; Drug residue depletion; Anesthetic ID BENZOCAINE AB There is a critical need in U.S. public aquaculture and fishery management for an approved sedative that allows for the immediate release of fish after sedation. AQUI-S (TM) is a fish anesthetic/sedative approved for use in several countries and until recently was being developed in the US. as a sedative for immediate release of fish after sedation. The U.S. National Toxicology Program reported that isoeugenol (the active ingredient in AQUI-S (TM)) exposed male mice showed clear evidence of carcinogenicity, therefore efforts within the U.S. Department of Interior to develop AQUI-S (TM) as a sedative that allows for immediate release ceased. Despite the ruling, AQUI-S (TM) still has the potential to be approved as an anesthetic with a short withdrawal time. Among the data required to gain approval for use in the US. are data describing the composition and depletion of all AQUI-S (TM) residues from fish fillet tissue. A total residue depletion study for AQUI-S (TM) was conducted by exposing market-sized rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (mean weight, 502.7 +/- 54 g; s.d) to 8.9 mg/L of (14)C-[URL]-isoeugenol for 60 min in 17 degrees C water. The (14)C-[URL]-isoeugenol was mixed with a surfactant resulting in a mixture that mimicked AQUI-S (TM) Groups of fish (n = 6) were sampled immediately after the exposure (0-h sample group) and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h thereafter. Total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the fillet tissue were determined by oxidizing triplicate subsamples of homogenized skin-on fillet tissue from each fish to (14)CO(2) and enumerating the radioactivity by static liquid scintillation counting. Isoeugenol concentrations in fillet tissue were determined by extracting homogenized fillet tissue with solvents and determining the isoeugenol concentrations in the extracts with high performance liquid chromatography techniques. The mean total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the 0, 05,11, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 55.4, 32.0, 19.8, 11.3, and 4.9 mu g/g. respectively. The primary chemical residue in fillet tissue from all exposed fish was isoeugenol. The mean isoeugenol concentrations in the 0, 0.5,1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 48.9,26.5,15.3,7.2, and 2.2 mu g/g, respectively. The percents of the total radioactivity classified as isoeugenol in the 0, 0.5,1, 2, and 4-h tissue extracts were 95, 73, 73, 64, and 48%, respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Schreier, Theresa M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov FU North Central Regional Aquaculture Center FX We thank the North Central Regional Aquaculture Center for providing the funds to purchase the 14C-[URL]-isoeugeol necessary to conduct this study and Mark P. Gaikowski of the UMESC for his statistical support. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 296 IS 3-4 BP 200 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 511BR UT WOS:000271139400003 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Lu, Z Lee, H Shum, CK Swarzenski, CM Doyle, TW Baek, SH AF Kim, Jin-Woo Lu, Zhong Lee, Hyongki Shum, C. K. Swarzenski, Christopher M. Doyle, Thomas W. Baek, Sang-Ho TI Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE InSAR; Satellite radar altimetry; Wetland; Absolute water level change ID RADAR; TOPEX/POSEIDON; LAKES AB Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used to detect relative water level changes in wetlands. We developed an innovative method to integrate InSAR and satellite radar altimetry for measuring absolute or geocentric water level changes and applied the methodology to remote areas of swamp forest in coastal Louisiana. Coherence analysis of InSAR pairs suggested that the HH polarization is preferred for this type of observation, and polarimetric analysis can help to identify double-bounce backscattering areas in the wetland. ENVISAT radar altimeter-measured 18-Hz (along-track sampling of 417 m) water level data processed with regional stackfile method have been used to provide vertical references for water bodies separated by levees. The high-resolution (similar to 40 m) relative water changes measured from ALOS PALSAR L-band and Radarsat-1 C-band InSAR are then integrated with ENVISAT radar altimetry to obtain absolute water level. The resulting water level time series were validated with in situ gauge observations within the swamp forest We anticipate that this new technique will allow retrospective reconstruction and concurrent monitoring of water conditions and flow dynamics in wetlands, especially those lacking gauge networks. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Jin-Woo; Lee, Hyongki; Shum, C. K.] Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Swarzenski, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Water Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Doyle, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Baek, Sang-Ho] Korea Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, 275 Mendenhall Lab,125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lee.2444@osu.edu NR 23 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2356 EP 2365 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506DW UT WOS:000270754800007 ER PT J AU Cook, BD Bolstad, PV Naesset, E Anderson, RS Garrigues, S Morisette, JT Nickeson, J Davis, KJ AF Cook, Bruce D. Bolstad, Paul V. Naesset, Erik Anderson, Ryan S. Garrigues, Sebastian Morisette, Jeffrey T. Nickeson, Jaime Davis, Kenneth J. TI Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Primary production; Leaf area index (LAI); Light-use efficiency; Carbon-use efficiency; Moderate Resolution Imaging; Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Digital hemispheric photography; Eddy covariance ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DISCONTINUOUS VEGETATION CANOPIES; DIGITAL HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY; AIRBORNE LASER; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; BROADLEAF FORESTS AB Spatiotemporal data from satellite remote sensing and surface meteorology networks have made it possible to continuously monitor global plant production, and to identify global trends associated with land cover/use and climate change. Gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) are routinely derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard satellites Terra and Aqua, and estimates generally agree with independent measurements at validation sites across the globe. However, the accuracy of GPP and NPP estimates in some regions may be limited by the quality of model input variables and heterogeneity at fine spatial scales. We developed new methods for deriving model inputs (i.e., land cover, leaf area, and photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by plant canopies) from airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) and Quickbird multispectral data at resolutions ranging from about 30 m to 1 km. In addition, LiDAR-derived biomass was used as a means for computing carbon-use efficiency. Spatial variables were used with temporal data from ground-based monitoring stations to compute a six-year GPP and NPP time series for a 3600 ha study site in the Great Lakes region of North America. Model results compared favorably with independent observations from a 400 m flux tower and a process-based ecosystem model (BIOME-BGC), but only after removing vapor pressure deficit as a constraint on photosynthesis from the MODIS global algorithm. Fine-resolution inputs captured more of the spatial variability, but estimates were similar to coarse-resolution data when integrated across the entire landscape. Failure to account for wetlands had little impact on landscape-scale estimates, because vegetation structure, composition, and conversion efficiencies were similar to upland plant communities. Plant productivity estimates were noticeably improved using LiDAR-derived variables, while uncertainties associated with land cover generalizations and wetlands in this largely forested landscape were considered less important. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cook, Bruce D.; Nickeson, Jaime] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cook, Bruce D.; Bolstad, Paul V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Naesset, Erik] Norwegian Univ Life Sci UMB, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management INA, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Anderson, Ryan S.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Garrigues, Sebastian] CNES DCT SI AP, Serv Anal & Prod Image, Toulouse 4, France. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Cook, BD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Code 6145, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brucecook@umn.edu RI Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013 OI Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X FU National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR); Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) programs of the US Department of Energy (DOE); US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI); US National Science Foundation (NSF); University of Minnesota Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment (IREE) FX This research was funded in part by the National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) and Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) programs of the US Department of Energy (DOE); US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in support of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) and Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI) campaign; US National Science Foundation (NSF); and University of Minnesota Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment (IREE). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of DOE, NASA, NSF, or IREE. The authors wish to thank Tom Steele, Gary Kellner, and Karla Ortman at the Kemp Natural Resources Station, University of Wisconsin, who provided technical support and accommodations throughout this project; and to Tim Brass, Steve Burns, and Andy Rasmussen, who demonstrated tremendous attention to detail while collecting large quantities of field data. From Bruce, a special thanks and appreciation goes to Wu Yang for her constant support and encouragement while writing this manuscript. NR 108 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2366 EP 2379 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506DW UT WOS:000270754800008 ER PT J AU Moss, JH Beauchamp, DA Cross, AD Farley, EV Murphy, JM Helle, JH Walker, RV Myers, KW AF Moss, Jamal H. Beauchamp, David A. Cross, Alison D. Farley, Edward V. Murphy, James M. Helle, John H. Walker, Robert V. Myers, Katherine W. TI Bioenergetic model estimates of interannual and spatial patterns in consumption demand and growth potential of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Gulf of Alaska SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Consumption demand; Growth potential; Bioenergetic model; Pink salmon; Intraspecific competition; Marine survival ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; NORTHEAST PACIFIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE MORTALITY; SURVIVAL RATES; PUGET-SOUND; HATCHERY PROGRAMS; KODIAK ISLAND; OCEAN GROWTH AB A bioenergetic model of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was used to estimate daily prey consumption and growth potential of four ocean habitats in the Gulf of Alaska during 2001 and 2002. Growth potential was not significantly higher in 2002 than in 2001 at an alpha level of 0.05 (P = 0.073). Average differences in growth potential across habitats were minimal (slope habitat = 0.844 g d(-1), shelf habitat = 0.806 g d(-1), offshore habitat = 0.820 g d(-1), and nearshore habitat = 0.703 g d(-1)) and not significantly different (P = 0.630). Consumption demand differed significantly between hatchery and wild stocks (P = 0.035) when examined within year due to the interaction between hatchery verses wild origin and year. However, the overall effect of origin across years was not significant (P = 0.705) due to similar total amounts of prey consumed by all juvenile pink salmon in both study years. We anticipated that years in which ocean survival was high would have had high growth potential, but this relationship did not prove to be true. Therefore, modeled growth potential may not be useful as a tool for forecasting survival of Prince William Sound hatchery pink salmon stocks. Significant differences in consumption demand and a two-fold difference in nearshore abundance during 2001 of hatchery and wild pink salmon confirmed the existence of strong and variable interannual competition and the importance of the nearshore region as being a potential competitive bottleneck. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moss, Jamal H.; Farley, Edward V.; Murphy, James M.; Helle, John H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.; Cross, Alison D.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Walker, Robert V.; Myers, Katherine W.] Univ Washington, High Seas Salmon Res Program, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moss, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jamal.Moss@noaa.gov FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX We thank E. Martinson and J. Orsi for thoughtful reviews of this manuscript, and Captain Jack Bronson and the crew of the FV Great Pacific for assistance with sample collection. Our manuscript was significantly improved by incorporating comments provided by H. Batchelder and two anonymous reviewers. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation provided a fellowship to the senior author. This study is contribution 637 of the GLOBEC Project. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 56 IS 24 BP 2553 EP 2559 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.03.005 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 526FQ UT WOS:000272273500011 ER PT J AU Kopp, H Hindle, D Klaeschen, D Oncken, O Reichert, C Scholl, D AF Kopp, H. Hindle, D. Klaeschen, D. Oncken, O. Reichert, C. Scholl, D. TI Anatomy of the western Java plate interface from depth-migrated seismic images SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE decollement; splay fault; prestack depth migration; subduction zone; tsunami earthquake; Indonesia ID BARBADOS RIDGE DECOLLEMENT; OREGON ACCRETIONARY PRISM; NORTHERN BARBADOS; SUBDUCTION ZONES; REFLECTION DATA; LANDWARD VERGENCE; SEISMOGENIC ZONE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; SEDIMENT INPUT; COSEISMIC SLIP AB Newly pre-stack depth-migrated seismic images resolve the structural details of the western Java forearc and plate interface. The structural segmentation of the forearc into discrete mechanical domains correlates with distinct deformation styles. Approximately 2/3 of the trench sediment fill is detached and incorporated into frontal prism imbricates, while the floor sequence is underthrust beneath the decollement. Western Java, however, differs markedly from margins such as Nankai or Barbados, where a uniform, continuous decollement reflector has been imaged. In our study area, the plate interface reveals a spatially irregular, nonlinear pattern characterized by the morphological relief of subducted seamounts and thicker than average patches of underthrust sediment. The underthrust sediment is associated with a low velocity zone as determined from wide-angle data. Active underplating is not resolved, but likely contributes to the uplift of the large bivergent wedge that constitutes the forearc high. Our profile is located 100 km west of the 2006 Java tsunami earthquake. The heterogeneous decollement zone regulates the friction behavior of the shallow subduction environment where the earthquake occurred. The alternating pattern of enhanced frictional contact zones associated with oceanic basement relief and weak material patches of underthrust sediment influences seismic coupling and possibly contributed to the heterogeneous slip distribution. Our seismic images resolve a steeply dipping splay fault, which originates at the decollement and terminates at the sea floor and which potentially contributes to tsunami generation during co-seismic activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kopp, H.; Hindle, D.; Klaeschen, D.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IFM GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Oncken, O.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Scholl, D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reichert, C.] BGR Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, Hannover, Germany. RP Kopp, H (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Hugstetter Str 55, Freiburg, Germany. EM hkopp@ifm-geomar.de RI Kopp, Heidrun/A-8917-2015 OI Kopp, Heidrun/0000-0002-6898-1568 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [KO2961/1-2] FX MCS line SO137-03 was acquired during cruise SO137 of RV SONNE by the Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources, BGR, Hannover, Germany. The SHAPE project is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (grant KO2961/1-2). We thank H. Smyth, H. Handley and T. Plank for discussion on arc magma signatures of the Sunda margin and J. Behrmann for discussion on slope basin formation. Reviews by G. Moore helped greatly in improving an earlier version. We thank A. Krabbenhoeft for editing Fig. 1. NR 89 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 288 IS 3-4 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.043 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 537YQ UT WOS:000273150900006 ER PT J AU Luoma, SN Presser, TS AF Luoma, Samuel N. Presser, Theresa S. TI Emerging Opportunities in Management of Selenium Contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY THRESHOLDS; FISH; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BIOACCUMULATION; METALS C1 [Luoma, Samuel N.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Luoma, Samuel N.; Presser, Theresa S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luoma, SN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM snluoma@usgs.gov RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 FU Region IX EPA; U.S. Geological Survey; National Research Program, USGS FX This work was partly supported by Region IX EPA, the Toxics Substances Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Research Program, USGS. Thanks to Eugenia McNaughton and Diane Fleck, EPA, for support and insights throughout this process. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 22 BP 8483 EP 8487 DI 10.1021/es900828h PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516ZV UT WOS:000271583400007 PM 20028041 ER PT J AU Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Rapid Changes in Small Fish Mercury Concentrations in Estuarine Wetlands: Implications for Wildlife Risk and Monitoring Programs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BREEDING COMMON LOONS; METHYL MERCURY; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; FORSTERS TERNS; YELLOW PERCH; METHYLMERCURY; GROWTH; EXPOSURE; EGGS AB Small fish are commonly used to assess mercury (Hg) risk to wildlife and monitor Hg in wetlands. However, limited research has evaluated short-term Hg variability in small fish, which can have important implications for monitoring programs and risk assessment. We conducted a time-series study of Hg concentrations in two small fish species representing benthic (longjaw mudsuckers [Gillichthys mirabilis]) and pelagic (threespine sticklebacks [Gasterosteus aculeatus]) food-webs within three wetland habitats in San Francisco Bay Estuary. We simultaneously monitored prey deliveries, nest initiation, and chick hatching dates of breeding Forsters terns (Sterna forsteri), the most abundant nesting piscivore in the region. Mudsuckers and sticklebacks were the predominant prey fish, comprising 36% and 25% of tern diet and Hg concentrations averaged (geometric mean +/- SE, mu g/g dw) 0.44 +/- 0.01 and 0.68 +/- 0.03, respectively. Fish Hg concentrations varied substantially over time following a quadratic form in both species, increasing 40% between March and May then decreasing 40% between May and July. Importantly, Forster's terns initiated 68% of nests and 31% of chicks hatched during the period of peak Hg concentrations in prey fish. These results illustrate the importance of short-term temporal variation in small fish Hg concentrations for both Hg monitoring programs and assessing wildlife risk. C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU CALFED; USGS FX This research was funded by the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program and USGS Western Ecological Research Center. We thank J. Yee, M. Ricca, K. Aceituno, R. Keister, T. Adelsbach, S. Stoner-Duncan, J. Henderson, C. Johnson, T. Maurer, and C. Marn for assistance. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and San Francisco BayBird Observatory graciously provided logistical support. This manuscript was improved with comments from by A.K. Miles, M. Marvin-DiPasquale, J. Wiener, A.B. Stewart, and three anonymous reviewers. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 22 BP 8658 EP 8664 DI 10.1021/es901400c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516ZV UT WOS:000271583400033 PM 20028067 ER PT J AU Saccocia, PJ Seewald, JS Shanks, WC AF Saccocia, Peter J. Seewald, Jeffrey S. Shanks, Wayne C., III TI Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation in serpentine-water and talc-water systems from 250 to 450 degrees C, 50 MPa SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; NACL SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS NACL; BRUCITE; PRESSURE; MINERALS; COMPLEXES; 400-DEGREES-C AB Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation factors in the talc-water and serpentine-water systems have been determined by laboratory experiment from 250 to 450 degrees C at 50 MPa using the partial exchange technique. Talc was synthesized from brucite + quartz, resulting in nearly 100% exchange during reaction at 350 and 450 degrees C. For serpentine, D-H exchange was much more rapid than O-18-O-16 exchange when natural chrysotile fibers were employed in the initial charge. In experiments with lizardite as the starting charge, recrystallization to chrysotile enhanced the rate of O-18-O-16 exchange with the coexisting aqueous phase. Oxygen isotope fractionation factors in both the talc-water and serpentine-water systems decrease with increasing temperature and can be described from 250 to 450 degrees C by the relationships: 1000 In alpha(18O-16O)(talc-water) = 11.70 x 10(6)/T-2 - 25.49 x 10(3)/T + 12.48 and 1000 In alpha(18O-16O)(serpentine-water) = 3.49 x 10(6)/T-2 - 9.48 where T is temperature in Kelvin. Over the same temperature interval at 50 MPa, talc-water D-H fractionation is only weakly dependent on temperature, similar to brucite and chlorite, and can be described by the equation: 1000 In alpha(D/H)(talc-water) = 10.88 x 10(6)/T-2 - 41.52 x 10(3)/T + 5.61 where T is temperature in Kelvin. Our D-H serpentine-water fractionation factors calibrated by experiment decrease with temperature and form a consistent trend with fractionation factors derived from lower temperature field calibrations. By regression of these data, we have refined and extended the D-H fractionation curve from 25 to 450 degrees C, 50 MPa as follows: 1000 In alpha(D-H)(serpentine-water) = 3.436 x 10(6)/T-2 - 34.736 x 10(3)/T + 21.67 where T is temperature in Kelvin. These new data should improve the application of D-H and O-18-O-16 isotopes to constrain the temperature and origin of hydrothermal fluids responsible for serpentine formation in a variety of geologic settings. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saccocia, Peter J.] Bridgewater State Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Bridgewater, MA 02325 USA. [Seewald, Jeffrey S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Saccocia, PJ (reprint author), Bridgewater State Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Bridgewater, MA 02325 USA. EM psaccocia@bridgew.edu FU NSF [OCE-9313980]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Bridgewater State College (BSC) [OCE-9820287] FX This work was supported by NSF Grants OCE-9313980 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and OCE-9820287 to Bridgewater State College (BSC). Thoughtful reviews by Craig Johnson and Robert Seal prior to submission and comments by Gretchen Fruh-Green and two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. We are also indebted to the Royal Ontario Museum and the Calidria Asbestos Company for donating mineral samples used in these experiments. Finally, the assistance of former BSC students Karen Hurley and Daniel DeSousa in the laboratory is also appreciated. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 22 BP 6789 EP 6804 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.036 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 541LH UT WOS:000273416700008 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Pitlick, J AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Pitlick, John TI Local-scale variability of seepage and hydraulic conductivity in a shallow gravel-bed river SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hyporheic; seepage; hydraulic conductivity; fluvial; bedforms ID ENDANGERED FISH HABITATS; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; COLORADO RIVER; SURFACE-WATER; SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHEAR-STRESS; FLOW; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Seepage rate and direction measured with a seepage metre modified for use in flowing water were greatly variable along a 300-m reach of a shallow, gravel-bed river and depended primarily on the local-scale bed topography. The median value of seepage measured at 24 locations was 24 cm/day, but seepage measured at specific sites ranged from -340 to +237 cm/day. Seepage also varied substantially over periods of hours to days and occasionally reversed direction in response to evolution of the sediment bed. Vertical hydraulic conductivity was related to seepage direction and was larger during upward seepage than during downward seepage; with differences ranging from 4 to 40% in areas of active sediment transport to more than an order of magnitude in areas where current was too slow to mobilize bed sediment. Seepage was poorly related to hydraulic gradient measured over vertical distances of 0.3 m and appeared to be opposite the hydraulic gradient at 18% of the locations where both parameters were measured. Results demonstrate the scale dependence of these measurements in coarse-grained hyporheic settings and indicate that hydraulic gradients should be determined over a much shorter vertical increment if used to indicate exchange across the sediment-water interface. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pitlick, John] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 413,Bldg 53,DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 65 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 23 BP 3306 EP 3318 DI 10.1002/hyp.7433 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 515FI UT WOS:000271452600004 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL Bencala, KE Kimball, BA Walton-Day, K Verplanck, PL AF Runkel, Robert L. Bencala, Kenneth E. Kimball, Briant A. Walton-Day, Katherine Verplanck, Philip L. TI A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; synoptic sampling; temporal variation; mass balance; geochemistry; tracer injection ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAM; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; TRACER INJECTION; SUMMIT COUNTY; COAL-MINE; DRAINAGE; TRANSPORT; CYCLES; LOADS; RIVER AB Pre- and post-remediation data sets are used herein to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures implemented in the headwaters of the Mineral Creek watershed, where contamination from hard rock mining has led to elevated metal concentrations and acidic pH. Collection of pre- and post-remediation data sets generally followed the synoptic mass balance approach, in which numerous stream and inflow locations are sampled for the constituents of interest and estimates of streamflow are determined by tracer dilution. The comparison of pre- and post-remediation data sets is confounded by hydrologic effects and the effects of temporal variation. Hydrologic effects arise due to the relatively wet conditions that preceded the collection of pre-remediation data, and the relatively dry conditions associated with the post-remediation data set. This difference leads to a dilution effect in the upper part of the study reach, where pre-remediation concentrations were diluted by rainfall, and a source area effect in the lower part of the study reach, where a smaller portion of the watershed may have been contributing constituent mass during the drier post-remediation period. A second confounding factor, temporal variability, violates the steady-state assumption that underlies the synoptic mass balance approach, leading to false identification of constituent sources and sinks. Despite these complications, remedial actions completed in the Mineral Creek headwaters appear to have led to improvements in stream water quality, as post-remediation profiles of instream load are consistently lower than the pre-remediation profiles over the entire study reach for six of the eight constituents considered (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc). Concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc remain above chronic aquatic-life standards, however, and additional remedial actions may be needed. Future implementations of the synoptic mass balance approach should be preceded by an assessment of temporal variability, and modifications to the synoptic sampling protocol should be made if necessary. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Runkel, Robert L.; Walton-Day, Katherine; Verplanck, Philip L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bencala, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM runkel@usgs.gov RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This study was done in cooperation with San Juan County, the San Juan Resource Conservation and Development Council, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Field and laboratory assistance was provided by Bob Broshears, Douglas Burkhardt, Marisa Cox, Jon Evans, Jeff Foster, Linda Gerner, Bryn Kimball, Josh Koch, Ken Leib, Peter Miesler, Koren Nydick, Suzanne Paschke, Larry Schemel, Alan Shiller, Brad Smith, Judy Steiger, and Bruce Stover. Logistical support and additional information was provided by the Animas River Stakeholders Group, Bill Simon, Priscilla Lukens, Marcella Hutchinson, Paul von Guerard, and Marcy McKeon. The authors appreciate the helpful review comments provided by Marcella Hutchinson and Bill Simon. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 23 BP 3319 EP 3333 DI 10.1002/hyp.7427 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 515FI UT WOS:000271452600005 ER PT J AU Huh, CA Liu, JT Lin, HL Xu, JP AF Huh, Chih-An Liu, James T. Lin, Hui-Ling Xu, J. P. TI Tidal and flood signatures of settling particles in the Gaoping submarine canyon (SW Taiwan) revealed from radionuclide and flow measurements SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gaoping River; submarine canyon; sediment trap; sedimentation; Pb-210; Th-234 ID SOUTHERN OKINAWA TROUGH; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; NO GROUND BAY; RIVER-SEDIMENT; EEL CANYON; TERRESTRIAL SUBSTANCES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT; TRANSPORT AB Sediment transport and sedimentation processes in the Gaoping submarine canyon were studied using sediment trap and current meter moorings deployed at a location during the winter (January-March) and the summer (July-September) months in 2008. At the end of each deployment, sediment cores were also collected from the canyon floor at the mooring site. Samples from sediment traps and sediment cores were analyzed for Pb-210 and Th-234 by gamma spectrometry. In conjunction with particle size and flow measurements, the datasets suggest that sediment transport in the canyon is tidally-modulated in the drier winter season and flood (river)-dominated in the wetter summer season. From the magnitude and temporal variation of sediment flux in the canyon with respect to the burial flux and sediment budget on the open shelf and slope region, we reaffirm that, on annual or longer timescales, the Gaoping submarine canyon is an effective conduit transporting sediments from the Gaoping River's drainage basin (the source) to the deep South China Sea (the ultimate sink). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huh, Chih-An] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Xu, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Liu, James T.; Lin, Hui-Ling] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Marine Geol & Chem, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. RP Huh, CA (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM huh@earth.sinica.edu.tw; james@mail.nsysu.edu.tw; hllin@mail.nsysu.edu.tw; jpx@usgs.gov RI Huh, Chih-An/N-4610-2013; OI Liu, James/0000-0001-7930-1911 FU NSC [962611-M-001-002, 97-2611-M-001-002-MY3, 96-2611-M-110-010, 97-2745-M-110-002, 96-2611-M-110-009, 97-2745-M-110-001] FX We are thankful to the captain and crew of RIV Ocean Researcher III for their service at sea. We also thank Tzu-Chi Yeh, Bor-Jiun Huang, Weifang Chen, Ray Hsu, Fanta Hsu, Jeff Huang, Francy Kuo, Taichun Lin, Rick Yang and Tony Hsu for their assistance in the field and/or in the laboratory. Comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This work is supported by NSC Grants 962611-M-001-002 and 97-2611-M-001-002-MY3 to CAH, 96-2611-M-110-010 and 97-2745-M-110-002 to JTL and 96-2611-M-110-009 and 97-2745-M-110-001 to HLL. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.09.001 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 524CO UT WOS:000272121600002 ER PT J AU Morrow, JR Sandberg, CA Malkowski, K Joachimski, MM AF Morrow, J. R. Sandberg, C. A. Malkowski, K. Joachimski, M. M. TI Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Early Late Devonian; Early to middle Frasntan; Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy; Punctata Event; Alamo Breccia, Nevada ID HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; SECULAR CURVES; IMPACT BRECCIA; TRANSITION; FACIES; STRATIGRAPHY; DIAGENESIS; EVOLUTION AB At Hancock Summit West. Nevada, western USA. uppermost Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) and lower and middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) rocks of the lower Gulmette Formation include, in stratigraphic sequence. carbonate-platform facies of the conodont folsiovaiis. transitans, and punctato Zones, the type Alamo Breccia Member of the middle punctata Zone; and slope facies of the punctata and hassi Zones The catastrophically deposited Alamo Breccia and related phenomena record the similar to 382 Ma Alamo event, produced by a km-scale bolide impact into a marine setting seaward of an extensive carbonate platform fringing western North America. Re-evaluation of conodonts from the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member, together with regional sedimentologic and conodont biofacies comparisons. now firmly locates the onset of the Johnson et al. ( 1985) transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycle Ilc, which occurred after the start of the punctata Zone. within a parautochthonous megablock low in the Alamo Breccia. Whole-rock carbon isotope analyses through the lower Guilmette Formation and Alamo Breccia Member reveal two positive delta(13)C(carb) excursions: (1) a small, 3 parts per thousand excursion. which is possibly correlative with the falsiovalis Event previously identified from sections in Western Europe and Australia, occurs below the breccia in the Upper falsiovalis Zone to early part of the transitans Zone: and (2) a large, multi-part excursion, dominated by a 6%. positive shift, begins above the start of the Jounctata Zone and onset of T-R cycle Ilc and continues above the Alamo Breccia. ending near the punctata- hassi zonal boundary. This large excursion correlates with the punciata Event, a major positive delta(13)C excursion previously recognized in eastern Laurussia and northern Gondwana. Consistent with previous studies, at Hancock Summit West tile punctata Event is apparently not associated with any regional extinctions or ecosystem reorganizations. In the study area. onset of the main punctata Event began after the start of both the punctata Zone and T-R cycle Ilc, and preceded the Alamo impact by less than 650 k.y., as inferred from conodont biochronologic and regional rock-accumulation rate estimates. Although complicated by the Veterolithic, high-energy deposits of the Alamo Breccia, the carbon isotope record of the breccia and post-breccia beds does not indicate a major impact-correlative perturbation to the carbon cycle. This study extends recognition of the punciata Event to western Laurussia, further reinforcing the potential global scale of the event and its potential importance to understanding early to middle Frasnian marine geochemistry and palaeoenvironments. Based on previous models and our observations, increased tectonic activity. increased nutrient flux to oceans. increased marine bioproductivity, widespread anoxia, and increased organic carbon burial were all likely key factors in driving the punctata Event excursion Furthermore. periodic eustatic and regional relative sea-level rises may have played an important role in promoting organic carbon burial and in maintaining a link between the primary open-marine geochemical signal and that recorded on the shallow-marine, lower Guilmette carbonate platform (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Morrow, J. R.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sandberg, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Malkowski, K.] Inst Paleobiol PAN, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland. [Joachimski, M. M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Geol & Mineral, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. RP Morrow, JR (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr,237 GMCS, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RI Joachimski, Michael/B-9477-2011 NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 282 IS 1-4 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 512MT UT WOS:000271254300009 ER PT J AU Johansson, T Einer-Jensen, K Batts, W Ahrens, P Bjorkblom, C Kurath, G Bjorklund, H Lorenzen, N AF Johansson, Tove Einer-Jensen, Katja Batts, William Ahrens, Peter Bjorkblom, Carina Kurath, Gael Bjorklund, Harry Lorenzen, Niels TI Genetic and serological typing of European infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) isolates SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus; IHNV; Europe; Nucleocapsid protein; Glycoprotein; Phylogeny; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; FISH; DIVERSITY; NUCLEOPROTEIN; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AQUACULTURE AB Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes the lethal disease infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in juvenile salmon and trout. The nucleocapsid (N) protein gene and partial glycoprotein (G) gene (nucleotides 457 to 1061) of the European isolates IT-217A, FR-32/87, DE-DF 13/98 11621, DE-DF 4/99-8/99, AU-9695338 and RU-FR1 were sequenced and compared with IHNV isolates from the North American genogroups U, M and L. In phylogenetic studies the N gene of the Italian, French, German and Austrian isolates clustered in the M genogroup, though in a different subgroup than the isolates from the USA. Analyses of the partial G gene of these European isolates clustered them in the M genogroup close to the root while the Russian isolate clustered in the U genogroup. The European isolates together with US-WRAC and US-Col-80 were also tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the N protein. MAbs 136-1 and 136-3 reacted equally at all concentrations with the isolates tested, indicating that these antibodies identify a common epitope. MAb 34D3 separated the M and L genogroup isolates from the U genogroup isolate. MAb 1DW14D divided the European isolates into 2 groups. MAb 1DW14D reacted more strongly with DE-DF 13/98 11621 and RU-FR1 than with IT-217A, FR-32/87, DE-DF 4/99-8/99 and AU-9695338. In the phylogenetic studies, the Italian, French, German and Austrian isolates clustered in the M genogroup, whereas in the serological studies using MAbs, the European M genogroup isolates could not be placed in the same specific group. These results indicate that genotypic and serotypic classification do not correlate. C1 [Batts, William; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ahrens, Peter] Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bjorklund, Harry] Orion Phama, Turku 20101, Finland. [Johansson, Tove; Einer-Jensen, Katja; Lorenzen, Niels] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. RP Johansson, T (reprint author), Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biol, Lab Aquat Pathobiol, Turku 20520, Finland. EM tjohanss@abo.fi FU European Union [CT98-4064]; Academy of Finland FX We thank L. Troels for excellent technical assistance. This research was financially supported by the European Union research project EU-FAIR CT98-4064 and the Academy of Finland. Mention of trade names does not imply US Government endorsement. Dr. M. Dauber, Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Inset Reims, Germany, is thanked for supplying monoclonal antibody 34D3 to IHNV. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 9 PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.3354/dao02108 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 525IZ UT WOS:000272210300004 PM 20066956 ER PT J AU Walker, DB Paretti, NV Cordy, G Gross, TS Zaugg, SD Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Matter, WJ Gwinn, J McIntosh, D AF Walker, David B. Paretti, Nicholas V. Cordy, Gail Gross, Timothy S. Zaugg, Steven D. Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Matter, William J. Gwinn, Jessica McIntosh, Dennis TI Changes in reproductive biomarkers in an endangered fish species (bonytail chub, Gila elegans) exposed to low levels of organic wastewater compounds in a controlled experiment SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bonytail chub; 17 beta-Estradiol; 11-Ketotestosterone; Vitellogenin; Effluent-dependent; Histopathology ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; RAINBOW-TROUT; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DRINKING-WATER; GROWTH-HORMONE; UNITED-STATES; BISPHENOL-A; IN-VITRO AB In arid regions of the southwestern United States, municipal wastewater treatment plants commonly discharge treated effluent directly into streams that would otherwise be dry most of the year. A better understanding is needed of how effluent-dependent waters (EDWs) differ from more natural aquatic ecosystems and the ecological effect of low levels of environmentally persistent organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) with distance from the pollutant source. In a controlled experiment, we found 26 compounds common to municipal effluent in treatment raceways all at concentrations <1.0 mu g/L Male bonytail chub (Gila elegans) in tanks containing municipal effluent had significantly lower levels of 11-ketotestosterone (p=0.021) yet higher levels of 17 beta-estradiol (p = 0.002) and vitellogenin (p = 0.036) compared to control male fish. Female bonytail chub in treatment tanks had significantly lower concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol than control females (p = 0.001). The normally inverse relationship between primary male and female sex hormones, expected in un-impaired fish, was greatly decreased in treatment (r = 0.00) versus control (r = -0.66) female fish. We found a similar, but not as significant, trend between treatment (r = -0.45) and control (r = -0.82) male fish. Measures of fish condition showed no significant differences between male or female fish housed in effluent or clean water. Inter-sex condition did not occur and testicular and ovarian cells appeared normal for the respective developmental stage and we observed no morphological alteration in fish. The population-level impacts of these findings are uncertain. Studies examining the long-term, generational and behavioral effects to aquatic organisms chronically exposed to low levels of OWC mixtures are needed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Walker, David B.; Gwinn, Jessica] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Paretti, Nicholas V.; Cordy, Gail] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gross, Timothy S.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zaugg, Steven D.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Matter, William J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McIntosh, Dennis] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Walker, DB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM dwalker@ag.arizona.edu; nparetti@usgs.gov; gcordy@usgs.gov; tsgross@ufl.edu; sdzaugg@usgs.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov; wmatter@ag.arizona.edu; jeg1@email.aizona.edu; dmcintosh@desu.edu RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 FU State of Arizona FX This work was supported by State of Arizona funding through the Technology and Research Initiative. We thank M. Ulibarri and all the staff at Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center for providing expertise, assistance, and generous in-kind support without which this project would not have been possible. We greatly appreciate the insight of S. Goodbred, and J. Jenkins as reviewers and of C. Goforth for editing and graphic work. We also thank L. Brooke-McDonough, S. Flint, E. Hirleman, C. King, L. Bymers, and H. Zerzghi for dedicating their time, and weekends, as animal caregivers. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV 8 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.08.008 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 523YE UT WOS:000272110200006 PM 19748687 ER PT J AU Elser, JJ Andersen, T Baron, JS Bergstrom, AK Jansson, M Kyle, M Nydick, KR Steger, L Hessen, DO AF Elser, James J. Andersen, Tom Baron, Jill S. Bergstroem, Ann-Kristin Jansson, Mats Kyle, Marcia Nydick, Koren R. Steger, Laura Hessen, Dag O. TI Shifts in Lake N:P Stoichiometry and Nutrient Limitation Driven by Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; ENRICHMENT; EUTROPHICATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; DAPHNIA; CYCLE AB Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Colorado, United States, and, as a result, patterns of ecological nutrient limitation were shifted. Under low N deposition, phytoplankton growth is generally N-limited; however, in high-N deposition lakes, phytoplankton growth is consistently P-limited. Continued anthropogenic amplification of the global N cycle will further alter ecological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and biological diversity, in the world's lakes, even in lakes far from direct human disturbance. C1 [Elser, James J.; Kyle, Marcia; Steger, Laura] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Andersen, Tom; Hessen, Dag O.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bergstroem, Ann-Kristin; Jansson, Mats] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Nydick, Koren R.] Mt Studies Inst, Silverton, CO 81433 USA. RP Elser, JJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM j.elser@asu.edu RI Hessen, Dag/F-4039-2011; Elser, James/A-7082-2008; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Elser, James/0000-0002-1460-2155; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 FU NSF; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning FX We are grateful to all those who helped with the field and laboratory work, including staff of the Mountain Research Station, the Rocky Mountain Biological Station, and the Mountain Studies Institute; the U. S. National Park Service; the U. S. Geological Survey; and the Norwegian Institute for Water Research. We also thank S. Fisher, M. McCrackin, and A. Jonsson for useful comments and discussion. Funding was provided by NSF and the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning. NR 23 TC 253 Z9 269 U1 31 U2 305 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 6 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5954 BP 835 EP 837 DI 10.1126/science.1176199 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 515KG UT WOS:000271468000039 PM 19892979 ER PT J AU Zhang, HJ Thurber, C Bedrosian, P AF Zhang, Haijiang Thurber, Clifford Bedrosian, Paul TI Joint inversion for Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SAFOD; Vp; Vs; Vp/Vs; resistivity ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LOCAL EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SEISMIC DATA; ZONE; REGION; MODELS; FLUIDS; CONDUCTIVITY; ATTENUATION AB We refined the three-dimensional (3-D) Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs models around the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site using a new double-difference (DD) seismic tomography code (tomoDDPS) that simultaneously solves for earthquake locations and all three velocity models using both absolute and differential P, S, and S-P times. This new method is able to provide a more robust Vp/Vs model than that from the original DD tomography code (tomoDD), obtained simply by dividing Vp by Vs. For the new inversion, waveform cross-correlation times for earthquakes from 2001 to 2002 were also used, in addition to arrival times from earthquakes and explosions in the region. The Vp values extracted from the model along the SAFOD trajectory match well with the borehole log data, providing in situ confirmation of our results. Similar to previous tomographic studies, the 3-D structure around Parkfield is dominated by the velocity contrast across the San Andreas Fault (SAF). In both the Vp and Vs models, there is a clear low-velocity zone as deep as 7 km along the SAF trace, compatible with the findings from fault zone guided waves. There is a high Vp/Vs anomaly zone on the southwest side of the SAF trace that is about 1-2 km wide and extends as deep as 4 km, which is interpreted to be due to fluids and fractures in the package of sedimentary rocks abutting the Salinian basement rock to the southwest. The relocated earthquakes align beneath the northeast edge of this high Vp/Vs zone. We carried out a 2-D correlation analysis for an existing resistivity model and the corresponding profiles through our model, yielding a classification that distinguishes several major lithologies. C1 [Zhang, Haijiang] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zhang, Haijiang; Thurber, Clifford] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bedrosian, Paul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zhang, HJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hjzhang@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0346105, EAR-0454511, EAR-0552316]; Department of Energy/NNSA [DE-FC52-06NA27325]; Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants EAR-0346105 and EAR-0454511. Research is also supported in part by the Department of Energy/NNSA under contract DE-FC52-06NA27325; the content does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We are grateful for the constructive comments from Darcy McPhee and Karl Ellefsen of U. S. Geological Survey, Associated Editor Thorsten Becker, and two anonymous reviewers. We also thank Ninfa Bennington for her help on preparing Figures 1 and 7. The instruments used in the field program were provided by the PASSCAL facility of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) through the PASSCAL Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech. Data collected during this experiment are available through the IRIS Data Management Center. The facilities of the IRIS Consortium are supported by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement EAR-0552316. NR 63 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 5 PY 2009 VL 10 AR Q11002 DI 10.1029/2009GC002709 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 516YI UT WOS:000271579100004 ER PT J AU Richey, JN Poore, RZ Flower, BP Quinn, TM Hollander, DJ AF Richey, Julie N. Poore, Richard Z. Flower, Benjamin P. Quinn, Terrence M. Hollander, David J. TI Regionally coherent Little Ice Age cooling in the Atlantic Warm Pool SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; PAST MILLENNIUM; RESOLUTION; HOLOCENE; RATIOS; RECORD; MG/CA AB We present 2 new decadal-resolution foraminiferal Mg/Ca-SST records covering the past 6-8 centuries from the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). These records provide evidence for a Little Ice Age (LIA) cooling of 2 degrees C, consistent with a published Mg/Ca record from Pigmy Basin. Comparison of these 3 records with existing SST proxy records from the GOM-Caribbean region show that the magnitude of LIA cooling in the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) was significantly larger than the mean hemispheric cooling of <1 degrees C. We propose that a reduction in the intensity and spatial extent of the AWP during the LIA, combined with associated changes in atmospheric circulation may account for the regional SST patterns observed in the GOM-Caribbean region during the LIA. Citation: Richey, J. N., R. Z. Poore, B. P. Flower, T. M. Quinn, and D. J. Hollander (2009), Regionally coherent Little Ice Age cooling in the Atlantic Warm Pool, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21703, doi: 10.1029/2009GL040445. C1 [Richey, Julie N.; Flower, Benjamin P.; Hollander, David J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Richey, JN (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jnrichey@mail.usf.edu RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; OI Richey, Julie/0000-0002-2319-7980 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L21703 DI 10.1029/2009GL040445 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 516YL UT WOS:000271579400005 ER PT J AU Tembe, S Lockner, D Wong, TF AF Tembe, Sheryl Lockner, David Wong, Teng-fong TI Constraints on the stress state of the San Andreas Fault with analysis based on core and cuttings from San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drilling phases 1 and 2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; HEAT-FLOW; FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR; PORE FLUID; GOUGE; SERPENTINITE; STRENGTH; ZONE; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA AB Analysis of field data has led different investigators to conclude that the San Andreas Fault (SAF) has either anomalously low frictional sliding strength (mu < 0.2) or strength consistent with standard laboratory tests (mu > 0.6). Arguments for the apparent weakness of the SAF generally hinge on conceptual models involving intrinsically weak gouge or elevated pore pressure within the fault zone. Some models assert that weak gouge and/or high pore pressure exist under static conditions while others consider strength loss or fluid pressure increase due to rapid coseismic fault slip. The present paper is composed of three parts. First, we develop generalized equations, based on and consistent with the Rice (1992) fault zone model to relate stress orientation and magnitude to depth-dependent coefficient of friction and pore pressure. Second, we present temperature-and pressure-dependent friction measurements from wet illite-rich fault gouge extracted from San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) phase 1 core samples and from weak minerals associated with the San Andreas Fault. Third, we reevaluate the state of stress on the San Andreas Fault in light of new constraints imposed by SAFOD borehole data. Pure talc (mu approximate to 0.1) had the lowest strength considered and was sufficiently weak to satisfy weak fault heat flow and stress orientation constraints with hydrostatic pore pressure. Other fault gouges showed a systematic increase in strength with increasing temperature and pressure. In this case, heat flow and stress orientation constraints would require elevated pore pressure and, in some cases, fault zone pore pressure in excess of vertical stress. C1 [Tembe, Sheryl] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Soil Mech & Rock Mech, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Lockner, David] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wong, Teng-fong] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Tembe, S (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Soil Mech & Rock Mech, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM sheryl.tembe@kit.edu FU U. S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0346022] FX We thank D. J. Andrews, D. Faulkner, E. Rutter, and C. Scholz for their thoughtful comments. We have benefited from discussions with them and Stephen Hickman, Diane Moore, Carolyn Morrow, and Colin Williams. Sheryl Tembe was supported by a DOEd GAANN fellowship. This research was partially supported by U. S. National Science Foundation under grant EAR-0346022. NR 64 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 5 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B11401 DI 10.1029/2008JB005883 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 517AH UT WOS:000271584600001 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, Tom TI EARTH SCIENCE Lasting earthquake legacy SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 5 PY 2009 VL 462 IS 7269 BP 42 EP 43 DI 10.1038/462042a PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 514TT UT WOS:000271419200025 PM 19890317 ER PT J AU Hernes, PJ Bergamaschi, BA Eckard, RS Spencer, RGM AF Hernes, Peter J. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Eckard, Robert S. Spencer, Robert G. M. TI Fluorescence-based proxies for lignin in freshwater dissolved organic matter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JOAQUIN RIVER DELTA; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; OCEAN; CARBON; MARINE; ENVIRONMENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; REACTIVITY AB Lignin phenols have proven to be powerful biomarkers in environmental studies; however, the complexity of lignin analysis limits the number of samples and thus spatial and temporal resolution in any given study. In contrast, spectrophotometric characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is rapid, noninvasive, relatively inexpensive, requires small sample volumes, and can even be measured in situ to capture fine-scale temporal and spatial detail of DOM cycling. Here we present a series of cross-validated Partial Least Squares models that use fluorescence properties of DOM to explain up to 91% of lignin compositional and concentration variability in samples collected seasonally over 2 years in the Sacramento River/San Joaquin River Delta in California, United States. These models were subsequently used to predict lignin composition and concentration from fluorescence measurements collected during a diurnal study in the San Joaquin River. While modeled lignin composition remained largely unchanged over the diurnal cycle, changes in modeled lignin concentrations were much greater than expected and indicate that the sensitivity of fluorescence-based proxies for lignin may prove invaluable as a tool for selecting the most informative samples for detailed lignin characterization. With adequate calibration, similar models could be used to significantly expand our ability to study sources and processing of DOM in complex surface water systems. C1 [Hernes, Peter J.; Eckard, Robert S.; Spencer, Robert G. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hernes, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhernes@ucdavis.edu OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581 FU California Bay Delta Authority Ecosystem Program and Drinking Water Program [B-17] FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge the California Bay Delta Authority Ecosystem Program and Drinking Water Program for their support (grant B-17). We thank Bryan Downing for assistance with EEM processing and PARAFAC analyses. We would also like to thank the Aqueous Organic Geochemistry group at UC Davis, the R. Benner research group at University of South Carolina, the AE, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 4 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G00F03 DI 10.1029/2009JG000938 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 516YZ UT WOS:000271580800002 ER PT J AU Edwards, CS Bandfield, JL Christensen, PR Fergason, RL AF Edwards, C. S. Bandfield, J. L. Christensen, P. R. Fergason, R. L. TI Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IMAGING-SYSTEM THEMIS; SUBSURFACE WATER-ICE; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; IMPACT MELT; CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; MARTIAN SURFACE AB We investigate high thermal inertia surfaces using the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) nighttime temperature images (100 m/pixel spatial sampling). For this study, we interpret any pixel in a THEMIS image with a thermal inertia over 1200 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2) as "bedrock'' which represents either in situ rock exposures or rockdominated surfaces. Three distinct morphologies, ranked from most to least common, are associated with these high thermal inertia surfaces: (1) valley and crater walls associated with mass wasting and high surface slope angles; (2) floors of craters with diameters > 25 km and containing melt or volcanics associated with larger, high-energy impacts; and (3) intercrater surfaces with compositions significantly more mafic than the surrounding regolith. In general, bedrock instances on Mars occur as small exposures (less than several square kilometers) situated in lower-albedo (<0.18), moderate to high thermal inertia (> 350 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2)), and relatively dust-free (dust cover index <0.95) regions; however, there are instances that do not follow these generalizations. Most instances are concentrated in the southern highlands, with very few located at high latitudes (poleward of 45 degrees N and 58 degrees S), suggesting enhanced mechanical breakdown probably associated with permafrost. Overall, Mars has very little exposed bedrock with only 960 instances identified from 75 degrees S to 75 degrees N with likely < 3500 km(2) exposed, representing << 1% of the total surface area. These data indicate that Mars has likely undergone large-scale surface processing and reworking, both chemically and mechanically, either destroying or masking a majority of the bedrock exposures on the planet. C1 [Edwards, C. S.; Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bandfield, J. L.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fergason, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Edwards, CS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, POB 876305, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM christopher.edwards@asu.edu RI Edwards, Christopher/A-4828-2010 OI Edwards, Christopher/0000-0002-8096-9633 FU NASA FX The authors would like to thank H. H. Kieffer for providing the KRC thermal model, Deanne Rogers for helpful comments and discussion, and the JMARS software development team for providing software that aided in the analysis of and access to data presented in this work. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the THEMIS mission planners and support staff for providing targeting opportunities and helpful discussion and Nathaniel Putzig and an anonymous referee for reviews, which improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey THEMIS project. NR 74 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 4 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E11001 DI 10.1029/2009JE003363 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 517AA UT WOS:000271583900002 ER PT J AU Glen, JMG Nomade, S Lyons, JJ Metcalfe, I Mundil, R Renne, PR AF Glen, J. M. G. Nomade, S. Lyons, J. J. Metcalfe, I. Mundil, R. Renne, P. R. TI Magnetostratigraphic correlations of Permian-Triassic marine-to-terrestrial sections from China SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Permian-Triassic boundry; China; Magnetostratigraphy; Marine; Non-marine; Paralic ID GLOBAL STRATOTYPE SECTION; CENTRAL-EUROPEAN BASIN; POLARITY TIME-SCALE; MASS EXTINCTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; BOUNDARY INTERVAL; KAROO SUPERGROUP; MEISHAN SECTION; CARBON-ISOTOPE; SIBERIAN TRAPS AB We have studied three Permian-Triassic (PT) localities from China as part of a combined magnetostratigraphic, Ar-40/Ar-39 and U-Pb radioisotopic, and biostratigraphic study aimed at resolving the temporal relations between terrestrial and marine records across the Permo-Triassic boundary, as well as the rate of the biotic recovery in the Early Triassic. The studied sections from Shangsi (Sichuan Province), Langdai (Guihzou Province), and the Junggar basin (Xinjiang Province), span marine, paralic, and terrestrial PT environments, respectively. Each of these sections was logged in detail in order to place geochronologic, paleomagnetic, geochemical, conodont and palynologic samples within a common stratigraphic context. Here we present rock-magnetic, paleomagnetic and magnetostratigraphic results from the three localities. At Shangsi, northern Sichuan Province, we sampled three sections spanning Permo-Triassic marine carbonates. Magnetostratigraphic results from the three sections indicate that the composite section contains at least 8 polarity chrons and that the PT boundary occurs within a normal polarity chron a short distance above the mass extinction level and a reversed-to-normal (R-N) polarity reversal. Furthermore, the onset of the Illawarra mixed interval lies below the sampled section indicating that the uppermost Permian Changhsingian and at least part of the Wuchiapingian stages postdate the end of the Kiaman Permo-Carboniferous Reversed Superchron. At Langdai, Guizhou Province, we studied magnetostratigraphy of PT paralic mudstone and carbonate sediments in two sections. The composite section spans an R-N polarity sequence. Section-mean directions pass a fold test at the 95% confidence level, and the section-mean poles are close to the mean PT pole for the South China block. Based on biostratigraphic constraints, the R-N transition recorded at Langdai is consistent with that at Shangsi and demonstrates that the PT boundary occurred within a normal polarity chron a short distance above the mass extinction level. In the southern Junggar basin, Xinjiang Province, in northwest China, we determined the magnetostratigraphy of three sections of a terrestrial sequence. Normal and reversed polarity directions are roughly antipodal, and magnetostratigraphies from the three sections are highly consistent. Combined bio- and magneto-stratigraphy used to correlate this sequence to other PT sequences suggests that the previously-proposed biostratigraphic PT boundary in the Junggar sections was most likely misplaced by earlier workers suggesting that further work is necessary to confidently place the PT boundary there. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Glen, J. M. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Glen, J. M. G.; Nomade, S.; Mundil, R.; Renne, P. R.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Nomade, S.] CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lyons, J. J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Metcalfe, I.] Univ New England, Sch Environm & Rural Sci, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. RP Glen, JMG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 989,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jglen@usgs.gov RI Mundil, Roland/E-5174-2011 FU Australian Research Council [F39905954]; National Science Foundation [0125799]; Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation FX We thank Bob Nicoll, Wang Xiaofeng, Wang Zhi-hao, Qu Xun, and Mao Xiaodong for their help in field sampling. We are grateful to Mark Hounslow and two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to greatly improve the manuscript. This work was supported in part by grants from the Australian Research Council (# F39905954 to I. Metcalfe) and the National Science Foundation (EAR-#0125799 to R. Mundil and P. Renne). Laboratory work at the Berkeley Geochronology Center was supported by the Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation. NR 95 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-9120 J9 J ASIAN EARTH SCI JI J. Asian Earth Sci. PD NOV 2 PY 2009 VL 36 IS 6 SI SI BP 521 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.03.003 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 513XC UT WOS:000271356400010 ER PT J AU Conrad, PA VanWormer, E Shapiro, K Miller, M Kreuder-Johnson, C Tinker, T Grigg, M Largier, J Carpenter, T Mazet, JK AF Conrad, Patricia A. VanWormer, Elizabeth Shapiro, Karen Miller, Melissa Kreuder-Johnson, Chris Tinker, Tim Grigg, Michael Largier, John Carpenter, Tim Mazet, Jonna K. TI TRACKING TOXOPLASMA GONDII FROM LAND TO SEA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Conrad, Patricia A.; VanWormer, Elizabeth; Shapiro, Karen; Kreuder-Johnson, Chris; Largier, John; Carpenter, Tim; Mazet, Jonna K.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Miller, Melissa] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Tinker, Tim] USGS, WERC, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Grigg, Michael] NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 690 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701106 ER PT J AU Finster, KW Cockell, CS Voytek, MA Gronstal, AL Kjeldsen, KU AF Finster, K. W. Cockell, C. S. Voytek, M. A. Gronstal, A. L. Kjeldsen, K. U. TI Description of Tessaracoccus profundi sp.nov., a deep-subsurface actinobacterium isolated from a Chesapeake impact crater drill core (940 m depth) SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tessaracoccus profundi; Actinobacteria; Taxonomy; Deep subsurface ID ARCTIC PERMAFROST SOIL; SP-NOV.; PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEQUENCE DATA; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; PROKARYOTES; BIOSPHERE; COMMUNITY AB A novel actinobacterium, designated CB31(T), was isolated from a 940 m depth sample of a drilling core obtained from the Chesapeake meteor impact crater. The strain was isolated aerobically on R2A medium agar plates supplemented with NaCl (20 g l(-1)) and MgCl(2)center dot 6H(2)O (3 g l(-1)). The colonies were circular, convex, smooth and orange. Cells were slightly curved, rod-shaped in young cultures and often appeared in pairs. In older cultures cells were coccoid. Cells stained Gram-positive, were non-motile and did not form endospores. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidglycerol, four different glycolipids, two further phospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The dominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)) (70%). The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso C15:0 (83%). The DNA G + C content was 68 mol%. The strain grew anaerobically by reducing nitrate to nitrite or by fermenting glucose. It was catalase positive and oxidase negative. It grew between 10 and 45A degrees C, with an optimum between 35 and 40A degrees C. The pH range for growth was 5.7-9.3, with an optimum at pH 7.5. The closest phylogenetic neighbors based on 16S rRNA gene sequence identity were members of the genus Tessaracoccus (95-96% identity). On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain CB31(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which we propose the name Tessaracoccus profundi sp. nov.. It is the first member of this genus that has been isolated from a deep subsurface environment. The type strain is CB31(T) (=NCIMB 14440(T) = DSM 21240(T)). C1 [Finster, K. W.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Microbiol Sect, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Cockell, C. S.; Gronstal, A. L.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Voytek, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kjeldsen, K. U.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Geomicrobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Finster, KW (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Microbiol Sect, Bldg 1540,Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM kai.finster@biology.au.dk RI Kjeldsen, Kasper/A-4151-2011; Finster, Kai/I-7475-2013 OI Kjeldsen, Kasper/0000-0002-7805-5605; FU Carlsberg Foundation [2005-1-275] FX We thank Tove Wiegers for expert technical assistance. We thank Prof. Rodney A. Herbert for critically reviewing the manuscript. We also acknowledge the critical comments of two anonymous reviewers that helped to improve the manuscript. Polar lipid analyses were carried out by the Identification Service of the DSMZ and Dr B. J. Tindall, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany. This study was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation, Grant No. 2005-1-275. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD NOV PY 2009 VL 96 IS 4 BP 515 EP 526 DI 10.1007/s10482-009-9367-y PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 508ZK UT WOS:000270979400013 PM 19669589 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Nicot, JP Reedy, RC Kurtzman, D Mukherjee, A Nordstrom, DK AF Scanlon, B. R. Nicot, J. P. Reedy, R. C. Kurtzman, D. Mukherjee, A. Nordstrom, D. K. TI Elevated naturally occurring arsenic in a semiarid oxidizing system, Southern High Plains aquifer, Texas, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IN-GROUND WATER; EOLIAN SEDIMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; LA PAMPA; ADSORPTION; IRON; PHOSPHATE; ARGENTINA; REMOVAL AB High groundwater As concentrations in oxidizing systems are generally associated with As adsorption onto hydrous metal (Al, Fe or Mn) oxides and mobilization with increased pH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, sources and mobilization mechanisms of As in the Southern High Plains (SHP) aquifer, Texas, relative to those in other semiarid, oxidizing systems. Elevated groundwater As levels are widespread in the southern part of the SHP (SHP-S) aquifer, with 47% of wells exceeding the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mu g/L (range 0.3-164 mu g/L), whereas As levels are much lower in the north (SHP-N: 9% >= As MCL of 10 mu g/L; range 0.2-43 mu g/L). The sharp contrast in As levels between the north and south coincides with a change in total dissolved solids (TDS) from 395 mg/L (median north) to 885 mg/L (median south). Arsenic is present as arsenate (As V) in this oxidizing system and is correlated with groundwater TDS (Spearman's rho = 0.57). The most likely current source of As is sorbed As onto hydrous metal oxides based on correlations between As and other oxyanion-forming elements (V, rho = 0.88; Se, rho = 0.54: B, rho = 0.51 and Mo, rho = 0.46). This source is similar to that in other oxidizing systems and constitutes a secondary source; the most likely primary source being volcanic ashes in the SHP aquifer or original source rocks in the Rockies, based on co-occurrence of As and F (rho = 0.56), oxyanion-forming elements and SiO(2) (rho = 0.41), which are found in volcanic ashes. High groundwater As concentrations in some semiarid oxidizing systems are related to high evaporation. Although correlation of As with TDS in the SHP aquifer may suggest evaporative concentration, unenriched stable isotopes (delta(2)H: -65 to -27; delta(18)O: -9.1 to -4.2) in the SHP aquifer do not support evaporation. High TDS in the SHP aquifer is most likely related to upward movement of saline water from the underlying Triassic Dockum aquifer. Mobilization of As in other semiarid oxidizing systems is caused by increased pH; however, pH in the SHP aquifer is near neutral (10-90 percentiles, 7.0-7.6). Although many processes, such as competitive desorption with SiO(2), VO(4), or PO(4), could be responsible for local mobilization of As in the SHP aquifer, the most plausible explanation for the regional As distribution and correlation with TDS is the counterion effect caused by a change from Ca- to Na-rich, water as shown by the high correlation between As and Na/(Ca)(0.5) ratios (rho = 0.57). This change in chemistry is related to mixing with saline water that moves upward from the underlying Dockum aquifer. This counterion effect may mobilize other anions and oxyanion-forming elements that are correlated with As (F, V, Se, B, Mo and SiO(2)). Competition among the oxyanions for sorption sites may enhance As mobilization. The SHP case study has similar As sources to those of other semiarid, oxidizing systems (original volcanic ash source followed by sorption onto hydrous metal oxides) but contrasts with these systems by showing lack of evaporative concentration and pH mobilization of As but counterion mobilization of As instead in the SHP-S aquifer. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scanlon, B. R.; Nicot, J. P.; Reedy, R. C.; Kurtzman, D.; Mukherjee, A.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Nordstrom, D. K.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Nicot, Jean-Philippe/A-3954-2009; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 FU EPA through Texas Commission on Environmental Quality; TCEQ; Jackson School of Geosciences FX We would like to acknowledge financial support for this study from EPA through Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and to Steve Musick at TCEQ for management of this project. We are also grateful for the additional financial support provided by the Jackson School of Geosciences. We appreciate all the groundwater sampling that is routinely performed by the Texas Water Development Board and we thank Janie Hopkins and Chris Muller of the TWDB for coordinating additional sample collection for this study. We also thank Seay Nance and Kathleen McCormack for analyzing the geophysical log data. NR 65 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2061 EP 2071 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.08.004 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 523GI UT WOS:000272060100004 ER PT J AU Bryan, CR Helean, KB Marshall, BD Brady, PV AF Bryan, Charles R. Helean, Katheryn B. Marshall, Brian D. Brady, Patrick V. TI Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; UNSATURATED ZONE; QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION; CHEMICAL AFFINITY; SECONDARY CALCITE; ALKALI FELDSPARS; PERCOLATION FLUX; SATURATION STATE; RELEASE RATES; TEMPERATURE AB Two different field-based methods are used here to calculate feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, the host rock for the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The center of the tuff is a high silica rhyolite, consisting largely of alkali feldspar (similar to 60 wt%) and quartz polymorphs (similar to 35 wt%) that formed by devitrification of rhyolitic glass as the tuff cooled. First, the abundance of secondary aluminosilicates is used to estimate the cumulative amount of feldspar dissolution over the history of the tuff, and an ambient dissolution rate is calculated by using the estimated thermal history. Second, the feldspar dissolution rate is calculated by using measured Sr isotope compositions for the pore water and rock. Pore waters display systematic changes in Sr isotopic composition with depth that are caused by feldspar dissolution. The range in dissolution rates determined from secondary mineral abundances varies from 10(-16) to 10(-17) mol s(-1) kg tuff(-1) with the largest uncertainty being the effect of the early thermal history of the tuff. Dissolution rates based on pore water Sr isotopic data were calculated by treating percolation flux parametrically, and vary from 10(-15) to 10(-16) mol s(-1) kg tuff(-1) for percolation fluxes of 15 mm a(-1) and 1 mm a(-1), respectively. Reconciling the rates from the two methods requires that percolation fluxes at the sampled locations be a few mm a(-1) or less. The calculated feldspar dissolution rates are low relative to other measured field-based feldspar dissolution rates, possibly due to the age (12.8 Ma) of the unsaturated system at Yucca Mountain; because oxidizing and organic-poor conditions limit biological activity; and/or because elevated silica concentrations in the pore waters (similar to 50 mg L(-1)) may inhibit feldspar dissolution. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bryan, Charles R.; Helean, Katheryn B.; Brady, Patrick V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. [Marshall, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bryan, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0778, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. EM crbryan@sandia.gov OI Marshall, Brian/0000-0002-8093-0093 FU US Department of Energy [DEAC0494AL85000, A128-07RW12405] FX This manuscript has been authored by Sandia National Laboratories under Contract No. DEAC0494AL85000 with the US Department of Energy, and by the U.S. Geological Survey under Interagency Agreement DE-A128-07RW12405 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Energy or Sandia National Laboratories. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2133 EP 2143 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.003 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 523GI UT WOS:000272060100010 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JF Allert, AL Feltz, KP Nelson, KJ Valle, JA AF Fairchild, J. F. Allert, A. L. Feltz, K. P. Nelson, K. J. Valle, J. A. TI An Ecological Risk Assessment of the Acute and Chronic Effects of the Herbicide Clopyralid to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; BULL TROUT; RANGELAND AB Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a pyridine herbicide frequently used to control invasive, noxious weeds in the northwestern United States. Clopyralid exhibits low acute toxicity to fish, including the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). However, there are no published chronic toxicity data for clopyralid and fish that can be used in ecological risk assessments. We conducted 30-day chronic toxicity studies with juvenile rainbow trout exposed to the acid form of clopyralid. The 30-day maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for growth, calculated as the geometric mean of the no observable effect concentration (68 mg/L) and the lowest observable effect concentration (136 mg/L), was 96 mg/L. No mortality was measured at the highest chronic concentration tested (273 mg/L). The acute:chronic ratio, calculated by dividing the previously published 96-h acutely lethal concentration (96-h ALC(50); 700 mg/L) by the MATC was 7.3. Toxicity values were compared to a four-tiered exposure assessment profile assuming an application rate of 1.12 kg/ha. The Tier 1 exposure estimation, based on direct overspray of a 2-m deep pond, was 0.055 mg/L. The Tier 2 maximum exposure estimate, based on the Generic Exposure Estimate Concentration model (GEENEC), was 0.057 mg/L. The Tier 3 maximum exposure estimate, based on previously published results of the Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems model (GLEAMS), was 0.073 mg/L. The Tier 4 exposure estimate, based on published edge-of-field monitoring data, was estimated at 0.008 mg/L. Comparison of toxicity data to estimated environmental concentrations of clopyralid indicates that the safety factor for rainbow trout exposed to clopyralid at labeled use rates exceeds 1000. Therefore, the herbicide presents little to no risk to rainbow trout or other salmonids such as the threatened bull trout. C1 [Fairchild, J. F.; Allert, A. L.; Feltz, K. P.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Nelson, K. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Valle, J. A.] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jfairchild@usgs.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service's Division of Environmental Quality Off-Refuge Contaminant Investigation Program [6018-1-3-N5]; US Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program [03-IA-1015600-040] FX We thank Lynne Johnson Steve Olson, and Deanna Stoppler for their technical assistance on the project. Clopyralid was donated by Dow Agrosciences LLC. Nile Kemble and Thomas May provided reviews of the paper under the USGS Fundamental Science Practices Policy. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was jointly funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Division of Environmental Quality Off-Refuge Contaminant Investigation Program (Agreement 6018-1-3-N5), the US Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (Agreement 03-IA-1015600-040), and the US Geological Survey. No private funding was requested or received in the conduct of these studies. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 725 EP 731 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9381-0 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 509AP UT WOS:000270983600011 PM 19777152 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Kunz, JL Brumbaugh, WG MacDonald, DD Smorong, D AF Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kemble, Nile E. Kunz, James L. Brumbaugh, William G. MacDonald, Donald D. Smorong, Dawn TI Toxicity of Sediment Cores Collected from the Ashtabula River in Northeastern Ohio, USA, to the Amphipod Hyalella azteca (vol 57, pg 315, 2009) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.; Kunz, James L.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 826 EP 827 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9379-7 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 509AP UT WOS:000270983600022 ER PT J AU Reed, JM Fefferman, N Averill-Murray, RC AF Reed, J. Michael Fefferman, Nina Averill-Murray, Roy C. TI Vital rate sensitivity analysis as a tool for assessing management actions for the desert tortoise SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Population viability; Adaptive management; Elasticity; Turtle; Head-starting; Translocation ID NORTH-AMERICAN TORTOISES; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; MOJAVE DESERT; POPULATION VIABILITY; CONSERVATION STRATEGIES; TURTLE CONSERVATION; EGG-PRODUCTION; LIFE-HISTORY; MODELS; TRANSLOCATION AB Sensitivity analyses of population growth in desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) have shown no consensus on the limiting vital rate. More importantly, the most sensitive vital rate might not be the most readily manipulated by management, so it begs the question of what actions would be most effective. We compared 13 management alternatives using a vital rate sensitivity analysis that is valid regardless of age structure, and is sensitive to initial population size and time frame, to determine the efforts required for equivalent population growth. We evaluated three time frames, each with five initial population sizes and three initial age distributions. To achieve equivalent population growth, mortality of older females needed to be reduced less than did mortality of other age classes. Similarly, fewer adults needed to be introduced to a population to have the same effect as releasing juveniles, but differences among adult age classes were trivial. A single release (headstarting) required fewer total individuals than did annual releases to achieve the same population growth. Also, the same population growth was more easily achieved when the initial age structure was deficient of young animals. Interestingly, because small tortoises are difficult to survey, some management alternatives could result in increased population size but decreased numbers of countable individuals over short to intermediate (25 years) time frames. Our paper demonstrates an approach to determine what constitutes equivalent management actions for population growth, thus allowing managers to more directly compare expected gains toward population recovery achieved by their resource-allocation decisions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reed, J. Michael] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Fefferman, Nina] Rutgers State Univ, DIMACS, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Averill-Murray, Roy C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Reed, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM michael.reed@tufts.edu OI Fefferman, Nina H./0000-0003-0233-1404; Averill-Murray, Roy/0000-0002-4424-2269 NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 142 IS 11 BP 2710 EP 2717 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06.025 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499FM UT WOS:000270203100037 ER PT J AU Martin, J McIntyre, CL Hines, JE Nichols, JD Schmutz, JA MacCluskie, MC AF Martin, Julien McIntyre, Carol L. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Schmutz, Joel A. MacCluskie, Maggie C. TI Dynamic multistate site occupancy models to evaluate hypotheses relevant to conservation of Golden Eagles in Denali National Park, Alaska SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Detection probabilities; Human disturbance; Snowshoe hare ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; MULTIPLE STATES; RECREATION; OYSTERCATCHERS; UNCERTAINTY; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES; RECOVERY; WILDLIFE AB The recent development of multistate site occupancy models offers great opportunities to frame and solve decision problems for conservation that can be viewed in terms of site occupancy. These models have several characteristics (e.g., they account for detectability) that make them particularly well suited for addressing management and conservation problems. We applied multistate site occupancy models to evaluate hypotheses related to the conservation and management of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Denali National Park, Alaska, and provided estimates of transition probabilities among three occupancy states for nesting areas (occupied with successful reproduction, occupied with unsuccessful reproduction, and unoccupied). Our estimation models included the effect of potential recreational activities (hikers) and environmental covariates such as a snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) index on transition probabilities among the three occupancy states. Based on the most parsimonious model, support for the hypothesis of an effect of potential human disturbance on site occupancy dynamics was equivocal. There was some evidence that potential human disturbance negatively affected local colonization of territories, but there was no evidence of an effect on reproductive performance parameters. In addition, models that assume a positive relationship between the hare index and successful reproduction were well supported by the data. The statistical approach that we used is particularly useful to parameterize management models that can then be used to make optimal decisions related to the management of Golden Eagles in Denali. Although in our case we were particularly interested in managing recreational activities, we believe that such models should be useful to for a broad class of management and conservation problems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Julien] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Martin, Julien; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [McIntyre, Carol L.; MacCluskie, Maggie C.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM julienm@ufl.edu FU US Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource Program FX We would like to thank Marc Kery, Brett McClintock, Jun Yoshizaki, and one anonymous reviewer for useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource Program. We are particularly grateful to Paul Geissler for sponsoring and coordinating funding for this research. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 142 IS 11 BP 2726 EP 2731 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06.027 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499FM UT WOS:000270203100039 ER PT J AU Plumb, JM Blanchfield, PJ AF Plumb, John M. Blanchfield, Paul J. TI Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN SHIELD LAKES; THERMAL HABITAT; PREFERRED TEMPERATURE; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; FISH; GROWTH; AREA; PREFERENCE AB We compared theoretical habitat volumes, determined from traditional combinations of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) boundaries. with in situ habitat use by acoustically tagged lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The widely used criteria of 8-12 degrees C underestimated lake trout habitat use by 68%-80%. Instead, combined temperature (<12 or 15 degrees C) and DO (>4 or 6 mg . L-1) criteria most closely matched lake trout habitat use, had a similar seasonal trend as the tagged fish, suggested modest reductions (5% of total lake volume) in habitat during a warmer year, and performed best when the constraints of temperature and DO were most limiting. All data were collected in a small boreal shield lake (27 ha, z(max) = 21 m) at the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada, during two contrasting periods of thermal stratification (2003: warmer and longer; 2004: cooler and shorter), providing an assessment of observed and theoretical habitat volumes over Current environmental extremes. C1 [Plumb, John M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Zool, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Plumb, John M.; Blanchfield, Paul J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Plumb, John M.; Blanchfield, Paul J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. RP Plumb, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM John_Plumb@usgs.gov FU Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Program (Natural Resources Canada) [A968]; ELA Graduate Fellowship Fund; University of Manitoba FX We are grateful to Lori Tate and numerous ELA summer students for assisting with fish tagging and data collection, to Kris Vascotto for the bathymetric survey work, and to Cheryl Podemski and field crew for temperature and dissolved oxygen data. This study was funded by the Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Program (Natural Resources Canada, project No. A968), and we thank Drs. Ken Minns and Brian Shuter for project coordination. J.M.P. received scholarships from the ELA Graduate Fellowship Fund and the University of Manitoba. We are grateful to Drs. Brenda Hann and Ray Hesslein for their constructive input on this research and to Lori Tate and several reviewers for insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. All research was approved by the Freshwater Institute Animal Care Committee. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 43 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 66 IS 11 BP 2011 EP 2023 DI 10.1139/F09-129 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 534YM UT WOS:000272933500016 ER PT J AU Berg, EE Hillman, KM Dial, R DeRuwe, A AF Berg, Edward E. Hillman, Kacy McDonnell Dial, Roman DeRuwe, Allana TI Recent woody invasion of wetlands on the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands, south-central Alaska: a major regime shift after 18 000 years of wet Sphagnum-sedge peat recruitment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; VEGETATION CHANGE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; BLACK SPRUCE; WHITE SPRUCE; FIRE HISTORY; RAISED BOG; PINE MIRES AB We document accelerating invasion of woody vegetation into wetlands on the western Kenai Peninsula lowlands. Historical aerial photography for 11 wetland sites showed that herbaceous area shrank 6.2%/decade from 1951 to 1968, and 11.1%/decade from 1968 to 1996. Corresponding rates for converting herbaceous area to shrubland were 11.5% and 13.7%/decade, respectively, and, for converting nonforest to forest, were 7.8% and 8.3%/decade, respectively. Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests on three wetland perimeters established since the Little Ice Age concluded in the 1850s. Dwarf birch shrubs at three wetland sites showed median apparent tree-ring age of 13 years, indicating recent shrub colonization at these sites. Peat cores at 24 wetland sites (basal peat ages 1840-18 740 calibrated years before present) indicated that these peatlands originated as wet Sphagnum-sedge fens with very little woody vegetation. Local meteorological records show a 55% decline in available water since 1968, of which one-third is due to higher summer temperatures and increased evapotranspiration and two-thirds is due to lower annual precipitation. These results suggest that wet Sphagnum-sedge fens initiating since the end of the Wisconsin glaciation began to dry in the 1850s and that this drying has greatly accelerated since the 1970s. C1 [Berg, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Hillman, Kacy McDonnell; Dial, Roman; DeRuwe, Allana] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Berg, EE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 2139, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM edward_berg@fws.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Pollock Conservation Cooperative Grant through Alaska Pacific University FX The US Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Cost Share program and the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Grant through Alaska Pacific University provided funding for radiocarbon dates. We thank E. Mitchell, B. Higman, and J. McDonnell for their assistance with peat coring and D. Williams of the Ninilchik Traditional Council and B. Oskolkoff of the Ninilchik Natives Corporation for coring permits. We thank J. Geck and M. Laker for geographic information system assistance and M. Bowser, T. Burke, D. Fisher, T. Eskelin, E. Klein, and A. Magness for black spruce and dwarf birch transects. We thank the staff of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, especially J. Morton, for logistical support and the faculty and students of Alaska Pacific University for insightful discussions. Radiocarbon dating was performed by the W.M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory at the University of California, Irvine, Calif., under the direction of Dr. John Southon. Four anonymous reviewers and P. Sullivan provided substantial guidance for revising the original manuscript. NR 85 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 26 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2033 EP 2046 DI 10.1139/X09-121 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 536EX UT WOS:000273027300003 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RA Bender, LC AF Baldwin, Roger A. Bender, Louis C. TI Foods and nutritional components of diets of black bear in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID URSUS-AMERICANUS; STOMACH CONTENTS; BROWN BEARS; HABITS; NITROGEN; MYRMECOPHAGY; SURVIVAL; MAMMALS; FECES; ANTS AB We used scat analysis to determine diets and relative nutritional values of diets for black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, from 2003 to 2006, and compared foods consumed and nutritional components to identify important sources of fecal gross energy (GE), crude fat (CF), and fecal nitrogen (FN) in annual and seasonal diets. Patterns of use of food classes followed typical seasonal patterns for bears, although use of animal matter was among the highest reported (>49% annually). Use of animal matter increased after spring, although crude protein levels in bear diets were always >25%. GE was typically lowest for grasses and other herbaceous plants and highest for ants and ungulates; FN was strongly positively related to most animal sources, but negatively correlated with vegetative matter; and CF showed the strongest positive relationship with ungulates and berries, with the latter likely influenced by the presence of seeds. Compared with historic data (1984-1991), contemporary diets included substantially greater prevalence of anthropogenic foods, which likely contributed to increases in size, condition, and productivity of the contemporary bear population. Management strategies are needed to increase quantity and quality of natural foods while minimizing dependence on anthropogenic sources. C1 [Baldwin, Roger A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Bender, Louis C.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Baldwin, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM rbaldwin@uckac.edu FU Rocky Mountain National Park; United States Geological Survey; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station; New Mexico State University FX Research was funded by Rocky Mountain National Park and the United States Geological Survey. The New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station, New Mexico State University, provided additional financial assistance. Thanks are extended to L. Zeigenfuss for providing historic data, and S. Graham, B. Hoenes, L. Polson, M. Polson, K. Snow, and many other RMNP volunteers for providing valuable field assistance. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 38 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1139/Z09-088 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 525HR UT WOS:000272206300004 ER PT J AU De La Cruz, SEW Takekawa, JY Wilson, MT Nysewander, DR Evenson, JR Esler, D Boyd, WS Ward, DH AF De La Cruz, S. E. W. Takekawa, J. Y. Wilson, M. T. Nysewander, D. R. Evenson, J. R. Esler, D. Boyd, W. S. Ward, D. H. TI Spring migration routes and chronology of surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata): a synthesis of Pacific coast studies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-WINGED SCOTERS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; BIRD MIGRATION; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; NORTHERN PINTAILS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; AVIAN MIGRATION; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; STOPOVER SITES; CLUPEA-PALLASI AB Understanding interconnectivity among wintering, stopover, and breeding areas of migratory birds is pivotal to discerning how events occurring in each might have a cross-seasonal effect on another. Such information can guide the location and timing of conservation efforts. Thus, we examined spring migration routes, chronology, and stopover use of 85 surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata (L., 1758)) marked with satellite transmitters at four Pacific Flyway wintering sites: San Quintin Bay, Baja California; San Francisco Bay, California; Puget Sound, Washington; and Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Eighty-three percent of marked scoters followed two main routes to the breeding area: a Southern Inland route involving staging in Puget Sound and Strait of Georgia and protracted inland migration, or a Northern Coastal route characterized by short movements along the Pacific coast of British Columbia and southeast Alaska with inland migration initiating from Lynn Canal and surrounding areas. Route choice was related to nesting site latitude in the Canadian Northern Boreal Forest. Data from birds tracked over 2 years indicated strong migration route fidelity, but altered chronology and stopover locations between years. Departure date varied by wintering site, but arrival and apparent settling dates were synchronous, suggesting individuals adjusted migration timing to meet an optimized reproductive schedule. C1 [De La Cruz, S. E. W.] Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [De La Cruz, S. E. W.; Takekawa, J. Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Wilson, M. T.] Stillwater Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Fallon, NV 89406 USA. [Nysewander, D. R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Esler, D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC 4K 3N2, Canada. [Boyd, W. S.] Pacific & YT Reg, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Ward, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP De La Cruz, SEW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM susan_wainwright@usgs.gov FU USGS Alaska Science Center; Sea Duck Joint Venture; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program Mercury Project; Dennis Raveling Chair at the University of California; Signals of Spring FX This study was funded by the USGS Alaska Science Center (SQ), the Sea Duck Joint Venture ( SQ, SG, PS), USGS Western Ecological Research Center under the Coastal Ecosystems and Land-Sea Interface Program ( SF), the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program Mercury Project ( SF), the Dennis Raveling Chair at the University of California ( SF), and Signals of Spring ( SF). Many individuals working from all four wintering sites contributed to make this project successful. We thank E. Bohman, T. Bowman, K. Brodhead, S. Duarte, S. Duarte-Etchart, C. Eldermire, P. Fontaine, A. Keech, S. Iverson, E. Lok, D. Mulcahy, D. Rizzolo, K. Sage, and M. Shepherd (SQ); E. Palm, D. Gaube, L. Terrazas, J. Anhalt, C. Kereki, J. Chastant, H. Goyert, J. Wasley, J. Seyfried, P. Gibbons, M. Nagendran, C. Scott, P. Tucker, C. Salido ( SF); B. Hall, J. Gaydos, D. Lambourn, T. Cyra, B. Murphie, G. Schirato ( PS); and D. Mulcahy, S. Iverson (SG) for their helpful field assistance. We thank E. Palm and K. Spragens for their help with data compilation and figures for the manuscript. We also thank T. Bowman (SDJV) who encouraged the integration of our data, as well as J. Eadie, K. Miles, M. Johnson, S. Iverson, and K. Spragens for helpful discussions and comments on earlier drafts. Use of trade names does not imply government endorsement. NR 79 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1069 EP 1086 DI 10.1139/Z09-099 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 525HR UT WOS:000272206300012 ER PT J AU Fontaine, JJ Decker, KL Skagen, SK van Riper, C AF Fontaine, Joseph J. Decker, Karie L. Skagen, Susan K. van Riper, Charles, III TI Spatial and temporal variation in climate change: a bird's eye view SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Letter AB Recent changes in global climate have dramatically altered worldwide temperatures and the corresponding timing of seasonal climate conditions. Recognizing the degree to which species respond to changing climates is therefore an area of increasing conservation concern as species that are unable to respond face increased risk of extinction. Here we examine spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the rate of climate change across western North America and discuss the potential for conditions to arise that may limit the ability of western migratory birds to adapt to changing climates. Based on 52 years of climate data, we show that changes in temperature and precipitation differ significantly between spring migration habitats in the desert southwest and breeding habitats throughout western North America. Such differences may ultimately increase costs to individual birds and thereby threaten the long-term population viability of many species. C1 [Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Decker, Karie L.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Decker, Karie L.; van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Skagen, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fontaine, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfontaine2@unl.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2009 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9644-9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 508ZM UT WOS:000270979600019 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, P Walstra, DJR Gelfenbaum, G van Ormondt, M AF Ruggiero, P. Walstra, D. J. R. Gelfenbaum, G. van Ormondt, M. TI Seasonal-scale nearshore morphological evolution: Field observations and numerical modeling SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sandbar migration; Seasonal variability; Profile modeling; Nearshore morphology; Washington State ID INDUCED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; SANDBAR MIGRATION; COASTAL REGIONS; NATURAL BEACH; UNIFIED VIEW; BAR BEHAVIOR; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; CURRENTS AB A coupled waves-currents-bathymetric evolution model (DELFT-3D) is compared with field measurements to test hypotheses regarding the processes responsible for alongshore varying nearshore morphological changes at seasonal time scales. A 2001 field experiment, along the beaches adjacent to Grays Harbor, Washington, USA, captured the transition between the high-energy erosive conditions of winter and the low-energy beach-building conditions typical of summer. The experiment documented shoreline progradation on the order of 10-20 m and on average approximately 70 m of onshore sandbar migration during a four-month period. Significant alongshore variability was observed in the morphological response of the sandbar over a 4 km reach of coast with sandbar movement ranging from 20 m of offshore migration to over 175 m of onshore bar migration, the largest seasonal-scale onshore migration event observed in a natural setting. Both observations and model results suggest that, in the case investigated here, alongshore variations in initial bathymetry are primarily responsible for the observed alongshore variable morphological changes. Alongshore varying incident hydrodynamic forcing, occasionally significant in this region due to a tidal inlet and associated ebb-tidal delta, was relatively minor during the study period and appears to play an insignificant role in the observed alongshore variability in sandbar behavior at kilometer-scale. The role of fully three-dimensional cell circulation patterns in explaining the observed morphological variability also appears to be minor, at least in the case investigated here. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruggiero, P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Walstra, D. J. R.; van Ormondt, M.] Deltares Delft Hydraul, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Walstra, D. J. R.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Sect Hydraul Engn, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Gelfenbaum, G.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ruggiero, P (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ruggierp@geo.oregonstate.edu; dirkjan.walstra@deltares.nl; ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov; maarten.vanormondt@deltares.nl OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU U.S. Geological Survey and Deltares-Delft Hydraulics [06WRAG0045]; U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Coastal Evolution Modeling project; National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ) of the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management; Washington State Department of Ecology FX This work was supported via cooperative agreement 06WRAG0045 between the U.S. Geological Survey and Deltares-Delft Hydraulics. P. Ruggiero was partially funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Coastal Evolution Modeling project. DJ.R. Walstra was partly funded by the National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ) of the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management. The Grays Harbor Sediment Transport Experiment was partially funded by the Washington State Department of Ecology. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 56 IS 11-12 BP 1153 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2009.08.003 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 518IT UT WOS:000271685400007 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Ozaki, K Pearce, JM Guzzetti, B Higuchi, H Fleskes, JP Shimada, T Derksen, DV AF Flint, Paul L. Ozaki, Kiyoaki Pearce, John M. Guzzetti, Brian Higuchi, Hiroyoshi Fleskes, Joseph P. Shimada, Tetsuo Derksen, Dirk V. TI BREEDING-SEASON SYMPATRY FACILITATES GENETIC EXCHANGE AMONG ALLOPATRIC WINTERING POPULATIONS OF NORTHERN PINTAILS IN JAPAN AND CALIFORNIA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; avian influenza; banding; genetic; population dynamics; Russia ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; AVIAN INFLUENZA; CONTROL REGION; MIGRATION; WATERFOWL; ALASKA; MOVEMENTS; SEQUENCES; ALLELES; BIRDS AB The global redistribution of pathogens, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza, has renewed interest in the connectivity or continental Populations of birds. Populations of the Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) wintering in Japan and California are considered separate from a management perspective. We used data from band recoveries and population genetics to assess the degree of biological independence of these wintering populations. Distributions of recoveries in Russia of Northern Pintails originally banded during winter in North America overlapped with distributions of Northern Pintails handed during winter in Japan. Thus these allopatric wintering populations are partially sympatric during the breeding season. The primary areas of overlap were along the Clukotka and Kamchatka peninsulas in Russia. Furthermore, band recoveries demonstrated dispersal of individuals between wintering populations both from North America to Japan and vice versa. Genetic analyses of samples from both wintering populations showed little evidence of population differentiation. The combination of banding and genetic markers demonstrates that these two continental populations are linked by low levels of dispersal as well as likely interbreeding in eastern Russia. Although the levels of dispersal are inconsequential for population dynamics, the combination of dispersal and interbreeding represents a viable pathway for exchange of genes, diseases, and/or parasites. C1 [Flint, Paul L.; Pearce, John M.; Guzzetti, Brian; Derksen, Dirk V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ozaki, Kiyoaki] Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Abiko, Chiba, Japan. [Higuchi, Hiroyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Lab Biodivers Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Shimada, Tetsuo] Miyagi Prefectural Izunuma Uchinuma Environm Fdn, Kurihara, Miyagi, Japan. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM pflint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 591 EP 598 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.090100 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 526WF UT WOS:000272325600002 ER PT J AU Tsao, DC Takekawa, JY Woo, I Yee, JL Evens, JG AF Tsao, Danika C. Takekawa, John Y. Woo, Isa Yee, Julie L. Evens, Jules G. TI HOME RANGE, HABITAT SELECTION, AND MOVEMENTS OF CALIFORNIA BLACK RAILS AT TIDAL MARSHES AT SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black Rail; habitat selection; Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus; radio-telemetry; San Francisco Bay; tidal marsh ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; YELLOW RAILS; SALT MARSHES; SUCCESS; PREDATION; SIZE AB Little is known about the movements and habitat selection of California Black Rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) in coastal California. We captured 130 Black Rails, of which we radio-marked 48, in tidal marshes in San Francisco Bay during 2005 and 2006. Our objective was to examine their home ranges, movements, and habitat selection to improve the species' conservation. The mean fixed-kernel home range was 0.59 ha, the mean core area was 0.14 ha. Home ranges and core areas did not differ by year or site. Males had significantly larger home ranges and core areas than did females. All sites combined, Black Rails used areas with >= 94% total vegetative cover, with perennial pickleweed (Sarcocornia pacifica) the dominant plant. The rails' habitat selection varied by year and site but not by sex. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that Black Rails selected areas with pickleweed taller and denser than average, greater cover and height of alkali bulrush (Bolboschoenus maritinius) and common saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), more stems between 20 and 30 cm above the ground, maximum vegetation height, and shorter distance to refugia. On average, Black Rails moved 27.6 +/- 1.8 (SE) m daily and 38.4 +/- 5.5 m during extreme high tides. Understanding the California Black Rail's movements, home range, and habitat use is critical for management to benefit the species. C1 [Tsao, Danika C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.; Woo, Isa] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Evens, Jules G.] Avocet Res Associates, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Tsao, DC (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, POB 942836, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. EM dctsao@gmail.com FU Calfed Bay-Delta Program [ER P02D-P62]; USGS Student Career Experience Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's San Francisco Estuary Program; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; Davis and San Francisco Bay Estuary field stations; University of California at Davis John Muir Institute for the Environment FX This study was supported by a Calfed Bay-Delta Program grant (ER P02D-P62) to the San Francisco Estuary Institute (D. Yee, J. Collins, J. Hunt), the USGS Student Career Experience Program, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's San Francisco Estuary Program (R. Morat), the USGS Western Ecological Research Center and its Davis and San Francisco Bay Estuary field stations, and the University of California at Davis John Muir Institute for the Environment. We thank S. Schwarzbach for initial conception of the project and advice oil study design. We thank C. Wilcox and L. Wyckoff (California Department of Fish and Game), B. Salzman (Marin Audubon), and R. Phelan and S. Brand (Gambinini Marsh) for permission to access study sites. We thank the California Department of Fish and Game (D. Steele) for assistance with permits. We especially thank field technicians K. Spragens, K. Thorne, O. Bernstein, and L. Dembosz. We thank A. K. Miles, M. Marvin-DiPasquale, K. Popper, M. Ricca, S. Spring, J. Ackerman, J. Bluso, S. Deniers, R. Melcer Jr., and several volunteers for valuable assistance or input. The manuscript was improved by comments from A. K. Miles, M. Mueller, D. Van Vuren, and two anonymous reviewers. Mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 599 EP 610 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.090004 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 526WF UT WOS:000272325600003 ER PT J AU Kayen, R Brandenberg, SJ Collins, BD Dickenson, S Ashford, S Kawamata, Y Tanaka, Y Koumoto, H Abrahamson, N Cluff, L Tokimatsu, K AF Kayen, Robert Brandenberg, Scott J. Collins, Brian D. Dickenson, Stephen Ashford, Scott Kawamata, Yohsuke Tanaka, Yasuo Koumoto, Hidetaka Abrahamson, Norm Cluff, Lloyd Tokimatsu, Kohji TI Geoengineering and Seismological Aspects of the Niigata-Ken Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake of 16 July 2007 SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article DE earthquake engineering; earthquakes; geology; seismology AB The M6.6 Niigata-Ken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake of 16 July 2007 occurred off the west coast of Japan with a focal depth of 10 km, immediately west of Kashiwazaki City and Kariwa Village in southern Niigata Prefecture. Peak horizontal ground accelerations of 0.68 g were measured in Kashiwazaki City, as well as at the reactor floor level of the world's largest nuclear reactor, located on the coast at Kariwa Village. Liquefaction of historic and modern river deposits, aeolian dune sand, and manmade fill was widespread in the coastal region nearest the epicenter and caused ground deformations that damaged bridges, embankments, roadways, buildings, ports, railways and utilities. Landslides along the coast of southern Niigata Prefecture and in mountainous regions inland of Kashiwazaki were also widespread affecting transportation infrastructure. Liquefaction and a landslide also damaged the nuclear power plant sites. This paper, along with a companion digital map database available at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/n/nii07jp/html/n-ii-07-jp.sites.kmz, describes the seismological and geo-engineering aspects of the event. C1 [Kayen, Robert; Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brandenberg, Scott J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environ Eng, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dickenson, Stephen; Ashford, Scott; Kawamata, Yohsuke] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tanaka, Yasuo; Koumoto, Hidetaka] Kobe Univ, Res Ctr Urban Safety & Secur, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657, Japan. [Abrahamson, Norm; Cluff, Lloyd] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94177 USA. [Tokimatsu, Kohji] Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 152, Japan. RP Kayen, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sjbrandenberg@ucla.edu OI Brandenberg, Scott/0000-0003-2493-592X FU National Science Foundation [CMMI0323914, CMMI-0131895] FX This earthquake reconnaissance effort was made possible by funding from the U. S. National Science Foundation, cost sharing by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center (PEER) Lifelines Program and the U. S. Geological Survey, and volunteer work by the team participants. Cooperation with the following Japanese researchers and organizations was invaluable: Kazuo Konagai, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, and the staff of the Research Center for Urban Safety and Security (RCUSS). The GEER-EERI team was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant Nos. CMMI0323914 and CMMI-0131895. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 777 EP 802 DI 10.1193/1.3240397 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 513YH UT WOS:000271359600003 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Roy, AH Leigh, DS AF Walters, D. M. Roy, A. H. Leigh, D. S. TI Environmental indicators of macroinvertebrate and fish assemblage integrity in urbanizing watersheds SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Land use; Biotic indices; Stressor gradient; Urban syndrome; Biotic integrity ID STREAM INSECT COMMUNITIES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; BLUE-RIDGE MOUNTAINS; PIEDMONT RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; APPALACHIAN STREAMS; WISCONSIN STREAMS; HABITAT QUALITY; URBANIZATION AB Urbanization compromises the biotic integrity and health of streams, and indicators of integrity loss are needed to improve assessment programs and identify mechanisms of urban effects. We investigated linkages between landscapes and assemblages in 31 wadeable Piedmont streams in the Etowah River basin in northern Georgia (USA). Our objectives were to identify the indicators of macroinvertebrate and fish integrity from a large set of best land cover (n = 45), geomorphology (n = 115), and water quality (it = 12) variables, and to evaluate the potential for variables measured with minimal cost and effort to effectively predict biotic integrity. Macroinvertebrate descriptors were better predicted by land cover whereas fish descriptors were better predicted by geomorphology. Water quality variables demonstrated moderate levels of predictive power for biotic descriptors. Macroinvertebrate descriptors were best predicted by urban cover (-), conductivity (-), fines in riffles and local relief (+). Fish descriptors were best predicted by embeddedness (-), turbidity (-), slope and forest cover (+). We used multiple linear regression modeling to predict descriptors using three independent variable sets that varied in difficulty of data collection. "Full" models included a full range of geomorphic, water quality and landscape variables regardless of the intensity of data collection efforts. "Reduced" models included GIS-derived variables describing catchment morphometry and land use as well as variables easily collected in the field with minimal cost and effort. "Simple" models only included GIS-derived variables. Full models explained 63-81% of the variation among descriptors, indicating strong relationships between landscape properties and biotic assemblages across our sites. Reduced and simple models were weaker, explaining 48-79% and 42-79%, respectively, of the variance among descriptors. Considering the difference in predictive power among these model sets, we recommend a tiered approach to variable selection and model development depending upon management goals. GIS variables are simple and inexpensive to collect, and a GIS-based modeling approach would be appropriate for goals such as site screening (e.g., identification of reference streams). As management goals become more complex (e.g., long-term monitoring programs), additional, easily collected field variables (e.g., embeddedness) should be included. Finally, labor-intensive variables (e.g., nutrients and fines in sediments) could be added to meet complex management goals such as restoration of impaired streams or mechanistic studies of land use effects on stream ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Walters, D. M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Roy, A. H.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Leigh, D. S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 FU USEPA [EPA R826597-01-0]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0218001]; University of Georgia Research Foundation; Georgia Museum of Natural History FX Funding was provided by a grant from the USEPA (EPA R826597-01-0) and the National Science Foundation (NSF Award DEB-0218001) with additional support from the University of Georgia Research Foundation and the Georgia Museum of Natural History. We thank the Etowah Research Team and the Freeman Laboratory Team for assistance with field sampling and sample analysis. We also thank M. Moeykens for commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was reviewed by USEPA and approved for publication, but may not reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement. NR 72 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1222 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.02.011 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 459RA UT WOS:000267120400020 ER PT J AU Browder, JA Robblee, MB AF Browder, Joan A. Robblee, Michael B. TI Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Penaeid; Farfantepenaeus duorarum; Stoplight; Florida Bay; Biscayne Bay; Whitewater Bay; Freshwater inflow; Estuaries ID CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; WESTERN FLORIDA BAY; PENAEUS-DUORARUM; FARFANTEPENAEUS-DUORARUM; TORTUGAS GROUNDS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; MUD BANKS; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES; SALINITY AB The pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, familiar to most Floridians as either food or bait shrimp, is ubiquitous in South Florida coastal and offshore waters and is proposed as an indicator for assessing restoration of South Florida's southern estuaries: Florida Bay, Biscayne Bay, and the mangrove estuaries of the lower southwest coast. Relationships between pink shrimp and salinity have been determined in both field and laboratory studies. Salinity is directly relevant to restoration because the salinity regimes of South Florida estuaries, critical nursery habitat for the pink shrimp, will be altered by changes in the quantity, timing, and distribution of freshwater in flow planned as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP). Here we suggest performance measures based on pink shrimp density (number per square meter) in the estuaries and propose a restoration assessment and scoring scheme using these performance measures that can readily be communicated to managers, policy makers, and the interested public. The pink shrimp is an appropriate restoration indicator because of its ecological as well as its economic importance and also because scientific interest in pink shrimp in South Florida has produced a wealth of information about the species and relatively long time series of data on both juveniles in estuarine nursery habitats and adults on the fishing grounds. We suggest research needs for improving the pink shrimp performance measure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Browder, Joan A.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Robblee, Michael B.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Browder, JA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL USA. EM joan.browder@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 BP S17 EP S28 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472UE UT WOS:000268156900003 ER PT J AU Doren, RF Trexler, JC Gottlieb, AD Harwell, MC AF Doren, Robert F. Trexler, Joel C. Gottlieb, Andrew D. Harwell, Matthew C. TI Ecological indicators for system-wide assessment of the greater everglades ecosystem restoration program SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem restoration; Ecosystem integrity; Ecological performance measures; Ecosystem report cards; Ecological indicator development; Everglades; South Florida ecosystem ID SOUTH FLORIDA; FRAMEWORK; MANAGEMENT; INTEGRITY; SCIENCE; RECOVERY; CRITERIA AB Developing scientifically credible tools for measuring the success of ecological restoration projects is a difficult and a non-trivial task. Yet, reliable measures of the general health and ecological integrity of ecosystems are critical for assessing the success of restoration programs. The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force (Task Force), which helps coordinate a multi-billion dollar multi-organizational effort between federal, state, local and tribal governments to restore the Florida Everglades, is using a small set of system-wide ecological indicators to assess the restoration efforts. A team of scientists and managers identified eleven ecological indicators from a field of several hundred through a selection process using 12 criteria to determine their applicability as part of a system-wide suite. The 12 criteria are: (1) is the indicator relevant to the ecosystem? (2) Does it respond to variability at a scale that makes it applicable to the entire system? (3) is the indicator feasible to implement and is it measureable? (4) Is the indicator sensitive to system drivers and is it predictable? (5) Is the indicator interpretable in a common language? (6) Are there situations where an optimistic trend with regard to an indicator might suggest a pessimistic restoration trend? (7) Are there situations where a pessimistic trend with regard to an indicator may be unrelated to restoration activities? (8) Is the indicator scientifically defensible? (9) Can clear, measureable targets be established for the indicator to allow for assessments of success? (10) Does the indicator have specificity to be able to result in corrective action? (11) What level of ecosystem process or structure does the indicator address? (12) Does the indicator provide early warning signs of ecological change? In addition, a two page stoplight report card was developed to assist in communicating the complex science inherent in ecological indicators in a common language for resource managers, policy makers and the public. The report card employs a universally understood stoplight symbol that uses green to indicate that targets are being met, yellow to indicate that targets have not been met and corrective action maybe needed and red to represent that targets are far from being met and corrective action is required. This paper presents the scientific process and the results of the development and selection of the criteria, the indicators and the stoplight report card format and content. The detailed process and results for the individual indicators are presented in companion papers in this special issue of Ecological indicators. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Doren, Robert F.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Trexler, Joel C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Gottlieb, Andrew D.] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. [Harwell, Matthew C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. RP Doren, RF (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Univ Pk Campus,OE Bldg Room 148, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM dorenr@fiu.edu; trexlerj@fiu.edu; agottlie@sfwmd.gov; matthew_harwell@fws.gov NR 68 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 BP S2 EP S16 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.08.009 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472UE UT WOS:000268156900002 ER PT J AU Frederick, P Gawlik, DE Ogden, JC Cook, MI Lusk, M AF Frederick, Peter Gawlik, Dale E. Ogden, John C. Cook, Mark I. Lusk, Michael TI The White Ibis and Wood Stork as indicators for restoration of the everglades ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecological indicators; Eudocimus albus; Everglades; Mycteria americana; Restoration ID WADING BIRDS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; WETLAND; PREY; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; MODEL AB Large numbers of colonially nesting herons, egrets, ibises, storks and spoonbills were one of the defining natural phenomena of the historical Everglades. Reproduction of these species has been tracked over at least a century, and some clear responses to dramatic anthropogenic hydrological alterations have been established. These include a marked decline in nesting populations of several species, and a movement of colonies away from the over-drained estuarine region. Ponding in a large portion of the freshwater marsh has favored species that hunt by sight in deep water (egrets, cf. 25-45 cm), while tactile feeders (ibises and storks) that depend on concentrated prey in. shallow water (5-25 cm) have become proportionately much less common. There has been a marked increase in the interval between exceptionally large breeding aggregations of White Ibises (Eudocimus albus). Loss of short hydroperiod wetlands on the margins of the Everglades have delayed nest initiations 1-2 months by Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) resulting in poor nesting success. These responses are consistent with mechanisms that involve foraging, and the availability and production of prey animals, and each of the relationships is highly dependent on hydrology. Here, we define a group of characteristics about wading bird dynamics (= indicators) that collectively track the specific ecological relationships that supported ibises and storks in the past. We suggest four metrics as indicators of restoration success: timing of nesting by storks, the ratio of nesting ibises + storks to Great Egrets, the proportion of all nests located in the estuarine/freshwater ecotone, and the interval between years with exceptionally large ibis nestings. Each of these metrics has historical (e.g., predrainage) data upon which to base expectations for restoration, and the metrics have little measurement error relative to the large annual variation in numbers of nests. In addition to the strong scientific basis for the use of these indicators, wading birds are also a powerful tool for public communication because they have strong aesthetic appeal, and their ecological relationships with water are intuitively understandable. In the interests of communicating with the public and decision-makers, we integrate these metrics into a single-page annual "traffic-light" report card for wading bird responses. Collectively, we believe these metrics offer an excellent chance of detecting restoration of the ecosystem functions that supported historical wading bird nesting patterns. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Frederick, Peter] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gawlik, Dale E.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Ogden, John C.; Cook, Mark I.] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. [Lusk, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Frederick, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pfred@ufl.edu; dgawlik@fau.edu; jogden@sfwmnd.gov; mcook@sfwmd.gov; Michael_Lusk@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank Greg May, Executive Director of the South Florida Ecosystem Task Force, and Rock Salt, Co-chair of the Science Coordination Group, for their support in making the publication of the special issue of Ecological indicators possible. We would also like to thank G. Ronnie Best of the U.S. Geological Survey for additional financial support in the publication of this special issue. We are indebted to Leonardo Calle for assistance in preparation of figures. NR 61 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 BP S83 EP S95 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.012 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472UE UT WOS:000268156900009 ER PT J AU Harwell, MC Sharfstein, B AF Harwell, Matthew C. Sharfstein, Bruce TI Submerged aquatic vegetation and bulrush in Lake Okeechobee as indicators of greater Everglades ecosystem restoration SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem indicators; Giant bulrush; Habitat integrator; Lake Okeechobee; SAV; Scirpus californicus; South Florida ID LARGE SUBTROPICAL LAKE; FLORIDA; MANAGEMENT AB Lake Okeechobee, Florida, located in the middle of the larger Kissimmee River-Lake Okeechobee-Everglades ecosystem in South Florida, serves a variety of ecosystem and water management functions including fish and wildlife habitat, flood control, water supply, and source water for environmental restoration. As a result, the ecological status of Lake Okeechobee plays a significant role in defining the overall success of the greater Everglades ecosystem restoration initiative. One of the major ecological indicators of Lake Okeechobee condition focuses on the near-shore and littoral zone regions as characterized by the distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and giant bulrush (Scirpus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Steud.). The objective of this study is to present a stoplight restoration report card communication system, common to all 11 indicators noted in this special journal issue, as a means to convey the status of SAV and bulrush in Lake Okeechobee. The report card could be used by managers, policy makers, scientists and the public to effectively evaluate and distill information about the ecological status in South Florida. Our assessment of the areal distribution of SAV in Lake Okeechobee is based on a combination of empirical SAV monitoring and output from a SAV habitat suitability model. Bulrush status in the lake is related to a suitability index linked to adult survival and seedling establishment metrics. Overall, presentation of these performance metrics in a stoplight format enables an evaluation of how the status of two major components of Lake Okeechobee relates to the South Florida restoration program, and how the status of the lake influences restoration efforts in South Florida. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harwell, Matthew C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. [Sharfstein, Bruce] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. RP Harwell, MC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, 10218 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. EM matthew_harwell@fws.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 BP S46 EP S55 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.11.009 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472UE UT WOS:000268156900006 ER PT J AU Mazzotti, FJ Best, GR Brandt, LA Cherkiss, MS Jeffery, BM Rice, KG AF Mazzotti, Frank J. Best, G. Ronnie Brandt, Laura A. Cherkiss, Michael S. Jeffery, Brian M. Rice, Kenneth G. TI Alligators and crocodiles as indicators for restoration of Everglades ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecological indicators; Everglades restoration; Alligators; Crocodiles; Restoration assessment ID AMERICAN CROCODILE; CROCODYLUS-ACUTUS; FLORIDA BAY; HOLES AB Alligators and crocodiles integrate biological impacts of hydrological operations, affecting them at all life stages through three key aspects of Everglades ecology: (1) food webs, (2) diversity and productivity, and (3) freshwater flow. Responses of crocodilians are directly related to suitability of environmental conditions and hydrologic change. Correlations between biological responses and environmental-conditions contribute to an understanding of species' status and trends over time. Positive or negative trends of crocodilian populations relative to hydrologic changes permit assessment of positive or negative trends in restoration. The crocodilian indicator uses monitoring parameters (performance measures) that have been shown to be both effective and efficient in tracking trends. The alligator component uses relative density (reported as an encounter rate), body condition, and occupancy rates of alligator holes; the crocodile component uses juvenile growth and hatchling survival. We hypothesize that these parameters are correlated with hydrologic conditions including depth, duration, timing, spatial extent and water quality. Salinity is a critical parameter in estuarine habitats. Assessments of parameters defined for crocodilian performance measures support these hypotheses. Alligators and crocodiles are the charismatic megafauna of the Everglades. They are both keystone and flagship species to which the public can relate. In addition, the parameters used to track trends are easy to understand. They provide answers to the following questions: How has the number of alligators or crocodiles changed? Are the animals fatter or thinner than they should be? Are the animal:3 in the places (in terms of habitat and geography) where they should be? As surely as there is no other Everglades, no other single species defines the Everglades as does the American alligator. The Everglades is the only place in the world where both alligators and crocodiles exist. Crocodilians clearly respond to changes in hydrologic parameters of management interest. These relationships are easy to communicate and mean something to managers, decision makers, and the public. Having crocodilians on the list of system-wide, general indicators provides us with one of the most powerful tools we have to communicate progress of ecosystem restoration in Greater Everglades ecosystems to diverse audiences. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Best, G. Ronnie] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Rice, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Mazzotti, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, US Geol Survey, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM Fjma@ufl.edu; Ronnie_Best@usgs.gov; Laura_Brandt@fws.gov; Mcherkis@ufl.edu; Bjeffe01@ufl.edu; Ken_g_rice@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (PES) FX We thank Greg May, the Executive Director of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force, and Rock Salt, Cochair of the Science Coordination Group, for their support in making the publication of the special issue of Ecological indicators possible. We also thank U.S. Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (PES), for additional financial support in the publication of this special issue. This description of crocodilians as an ecological indicator for restoration of Greater Everglades ecosystems borrowed both inspiration and words directly from the template for Fish and Macroinvertebrates originally prepared by Joel Trexler and Bob Doren. NR 49 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 10 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 BP S137 EP S149 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.06.008 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472UE UT WOS:000268156900013 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Anderson, LG Christensen, TR Dallimore, S Guo, LD Hayes, DJ Heimann, M Lorenson, TD Macdonald, RW Roulet, N AF McGuire, A. David Anderson, Leif G. Christensen, Torben R. Dallimore, Scott Guo, Laodong Hayes, Daniel J. Heimann, Martin Lorenson, Thomas D. Macdonald, Robie W. Roulet, Nigel TI Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Arctic; Arctic Ocean; boreal forest; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; climate change; climate feedbacks; hydrates; methane; permafrost; review; tundra ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; TRACE GAS-EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENTS; MODERN METHANE EMISSIONS; CANADIAN FOREST SECTOR; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; PROCESS-BASED MODEL; NATURAL WETLANDS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; RUSSIAN FORESTS AB The recent warming in the Arctic is affecting a broad spectrum of physical, ecological, and human/cultural systems that may be irreversible on century time scales and have the potential to cause rapid changes in the earth system. The response of the carbon cycle of the Arctic to changes in climate is a major issue of global concern, yet there has not been a comprehensive review of the status of the contemporary carbon cycle of the Arctic and its response to climate change. This review is designed to clarify key uncertainties and vulnerabilities in the response of the carbon cycle of the Arctic to ongoing climatic change. While it is clear that there are substantial stocks of carbon in the Arctic, there are also significant uncertainties associated with the magnitude of organic matter stocks contained in permafrost and the storage of methane hydrates beneath both subterranean and submerged permafrost of the Arctic. In the context of the global carbon cycle, this review demonstrates that the Arctic plays an important role in the global dynamics of both CO2 and CH4. Studies suggest that the Arctic has been a sink for atmospheric CO2 of between 0 and 0.8 Pg C/yr in recent decades, which is between 0% and 25% of the global net land/ocean flux during the 1990s. The Arctic is a substantial source of CH4 to the atmosphere (between 32 and 112 Tg CH4/yr), primarily because of the large area of wetlands throughout the region. Analyses to date indicate that the sensitivity of the carbon cycle of the Arctic during the remainder of the 21st century is highly uncertain. To improve the capability to assess the sensitivity of the carbon cycle of the Arctic to projected climate change, we recommend that (1) integrated regional studies be conducted to link observations of carbon dynamics to the processes that are likely to influence those dynamics, and (2) the understanding gained from these integrated studies be incorporated into both uncoupled and fully coupled carbon-climate modeling efforts. C1 [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Anderson, Leif G.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Christensen, Torben R.] Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, Lund, Sweden. [Dallimore, Scott] Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Guo, Laodong] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Heimann, Martin] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Lorenson, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Macdonald, Robie W.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Roulet, Nigel] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Roulet, Nigel] McGill Univ, Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffadm@uaf.edu RI Anderson, Leif/D-2263-2009; Guo, Laodong/F-6045-2010; Macdonald, Robie/A-7896-2012; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; GUO, Liang-dong/C-1407-2015; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016 OI Guo, Laodong/0000-0002-5010-1630; Macdonald, Robie/0000-0002-1141-8520; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113 FU Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP); Climate in the Cryosphere (CliC) Program; International Arctic Science Committee (IASC); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the University Corporation for Atmosphere Research (UCAR); National Science Foundation (NSF) through the International Arctic Research Center (IARC) [OPP-0531047]; U. S. Geological Survey; AMAP Heads of Delegations from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden; IASC; World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) FX The assessment that led to the development of this review was sponsored by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP), the Climate in the Cryosphere (CliC) Program, and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC). We thank (1) all of the numerous scientists who participated in the community review of the assessment, (2) the two anonymous reviewers of this publication, (3) Eugenie Euskirchen, who helped in preparation of some of the figures, and (4) Joy Clein, who helped with final preparation of the accepted manuscript. Funding to support community review of the assessment document was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the University Corporation for Atmosphere Research (UCAR); the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the International Arctic Research Center (IARC); the U. S. Geological Survey; the AMAP Heads of Delegations from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden; IASC; and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). The activities of the writing committee were supported, in part, by the NSF Arctic System Science Program as part of the Arctic Carbon Cycle Synthesis Project (OPP-0531047). NR 265 TC 375 Z9 391 U1 62 U2 456 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 79 IS 4 BP 523 EP 555 DI 10.1890/08-2025.1 PG 33 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508ED UT WOS:000270909900001 ER PT J AU Elser, JJ Kyle, M Steger, L Nydick, KR Baron, JS AF Elser, James J. Kyle, Marcia Steger, Laura Nydick, Koren R. Baron, Jill S. TI Nutrient availability and phytoplankton nutrient limitation across a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpine lakes; nitrogen; nitrogen deposition; nutrient limitation; phosphorus; phytoplankton; Rocky Mountains, Colorado (USA) ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; MOUNTAIN LAKES; ALPINE LAKES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FRESH-WATER; USA; EUTROPHICATION AB Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to lakes and watersheds has been increasing steadily due to various anthropogenic activities. Because such anthropogenic N is widely distributed, even lakes relatively removed from direct human disturbance are potentially impacted. However, the effects of increased atmospheric N deposition on lakes are not well documented. We examined phytoplankton biomass, the absolute and relative abundance of limiting nutrients (N and phosphorus [P]), and phytoplankton nutrient limitation in alpine lakes of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado (USA) receiving elevated (>6 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1)) or low (<2 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1)) levels of atmospheric N deposition. High-deposition lakes had higher NO3-N and total N concentrations and higher total N: total P ratios. Concentrations of chlorophyll and seston carbon (C) were 2-2.5 times higher in high-deposition relative to low-deposition lakes, while high-deposition lakes also had higher seston C: N and C: P (but not N: P) ratios. Short-term enrichment bioassays indicated a qualitative shift in the nature of phytoplankton nutrient limitation due to N deposition, as high-deposition lakes had an increased frequency of primary P limitation and a decreased frequency and magnitude of response to N and to combined N and P enrichment. Thus elevated atmospheric N deposition appears to have shifted nutrient supply from a relatively balanced but predominantly N-deficient regime to a more consistently P-limited regime in Colorado alpine lakes. This adds to accumulating evidence that sustained N deposition may have important effects on lake phytoplankton communities and plankton-based food webs by shifting the quantitative and qualitative nature of nutrient limitation. C1 [Elser, James J.; Kyle, Marcia; Steger, Laura] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Nydick, Koren R.] Mt Studies Inst, Silverton, CO 81433 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Elser, JJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM j.elser@asu.edu RI Elser, James/A-7082-2008; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Elser, James/0000-0002-1460-2155; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 FU NSF [DEB-0516494]; USGS Western Mountain Initiative FX We are grateful to J. Watts, A. Skeffington, T. J. Elser, J. Kowalski, and J. Malmstedt for their extensive assistance with the field and laboratory work. Further help with field sampling came from K. Wald, K. Ojima, M. Hartman, A. Krcmarik, D. Swift, and L. Christensen. M. McCrackin, J. Salo, and T. Riley assisted with the figures. T. Andersen and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments that improved the paper. We are also grateful to the staff of the Mountain Research Station, the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, the Mountain Studies Institute, and Rocky Mountain National Park for their contributions in facilitating this study. This work was funded by NSF grant DEB-0516494 to J. J. Elser. L. Steger was supported by an NSF REU supplement. J. Baron's participation was supported by the USGS Western Mountain Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 50 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 8 U2 77 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3062 EP 3073 DI 10.1890/08-1742.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515GY UT WOS:000271457300010 PM 19967862 ER PT J AU Breininger, DR Nichols, JD Carter, GM Oddy, DM AF Breininger, David R. Nichols, James D. Carter, Geoffrey M. Oddy, Donna M. TI Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: inferences from multistate models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphelocoma coerulescens; capture-recapture; disturbance; fire; Florida Scrub-Jay; multistate models; patch dynamics; restoration; scrub; survival ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; METAPOPULATION; QUALITY; USA; CATASTROPHES; TRANSITIONS; DEMOGRAPHY AB Quantifying habitat-specific survival and changes in habitat quality within disturbance-prone habitats is critical for understanding population dynamics and variation in fitness, and for managing degraded ecosystems. We used 18 years of color-banding data and multistate capture-recapture models to test whether habitat quality within territories influences survival and detection probability of breeding Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) and to estimate bird transition probabilities from one territory quality state to another. Our study sites were along central Florida's Atlantic coast and included two of the four largest metapopulations within the species range. We developed Markov models for habitat transitions and compared these to bird transition probabilities. Florida Scrub-Jay detection probabilities ranged from 0.88 in the tall territory state to 0.99 in the optimal state; detection probabilities were intermediate in the short state. Transition probabilities were similar for birds and habitat in grid cells mapped independently of birds. Thus, bird transitions resulted primarily from habitat transitions between states over time and not from bird movement. Survival ranged from 0.71 in the short state to 0.82 in the optimal state, with tall states being intermediate. We conclude that average Florida Scrub-Jay survival will remain at levels that lead to continued population declines because most current habitat quality is only marginally suitable across most of the species range. Improvements in habitat are likely to be slow and difficult because tall states are resistant to change and the optimal state represents an intermediate transitional stage. The multistate modeling approach to quantifying survival and habitat transition probabilities is useful for quantifying habitat transition probabilities and comparing them to bird transition probabilities to test for habitat selection in dynamic environments. C1 [Breininger, David R.; Carter, Geoffrey M.; Oddy, Donna M.] Dynamac Corp, Dyn 2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Breininger, David R.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Breininger, DR (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Dyn 2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM david.r.breininger@nasa.gov RI Carter, Geoffrey/G-2201-2011 FU NASA; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Florida Fire Science Team; Brevard Zoo; Brevard Nature Alliance; Friends of Scrub FX This study was funded by NASA, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Fire Science Team, Brevard Zoo, Brevard Nature Alliance, and Friends of Scrub. We thank J. Hines, M. Legare, J. Elseroad, B. Dunning, F. Johnson, C. Hall, R. Noss, V. Larson, R. Bolt, M. Barkaszi, S. Brisbin, B. Summerfield, B. Toland, R. Hight, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Brevard County Environmentally Endangered Lands Program, and the St. Johns River Water Management District for their help in bringing this study to fruition as a published paper. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3180 EP 3189 DI 10.1890/08-1123.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515GY UT WOS:000271457300021 PM 19967873 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Karanth, KU Gopalaswamy, AM Kumar, NS AF Royle, J. Andrew Karanth, K. Ullas Gopalaswamy, Arjun M. Kumar, N. Samba TI Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture-recapture models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian analysis; binomial point process; camera trapping; carnivore surveys; data augmentation; density estimation; hierarchical model; Markov chain Monte Carlo; spatial capture-recapture; tigers; trapping array; trapping grid ID ESTIMATING DENSITY; POPULATION-SIZE; DATA AUGMENTATION; MIXTURE-MODELS; ESTIMATORS; ABUNDANCE; COUNTS; OCELOT AB We develop a class of models for inference about abundance or density using spatial capture-recapture data from studies based on camera trapping and related methods. The model is a hierarchical model composed of two components: a point process model describing the distribution of individuals in space (or their home range centers) and a model describing the observation of individuals in traps. We suppose that trap- and individual-specific capture probabilities are a function of distance between individual home range centers and trap locations. We show that the models can be regarded as generalized linear mixed models, where the individual home range centers are random effects. We adopt a Bayesian framework for inference under these models using a formulation based on data augmentation. We apply the models to camera trapping data on tigers from the Nagarahole Reserve, India, collected over 48 nights in 2006. For this study, 120 camera locations were used, but cameras were only operational at 30 locations during any given sample occasion. Movement of traps is common in many camera-trapping studies and represents an important feature of the observation model that we address explicitly in our application. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas; Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Kumar, N. Samba] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 30 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 8 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3233 EP 3244 DI 10.1890/08-1481.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515GY UT WOS:000271457300026 PM 19967878 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Doyle, TW Howard, RJ AF Krauss, Ken W. Doyle, Thomas W. Howard, Rebecca J. TI Is there evidence of adaptation to tidal flooding in saplings of baldcypress subjected to different salinity regimes? SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Ecotypic variation; Forested wetlands; Growth; Leaf gas exchange; Tide; Taxodium distichum ID TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM SEEDLINGS; BALD CYPRESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; RESPONSES; FOREST; WETLAND; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Plant populations may adapt to environmental conditions overtime by developing genetically based morphological or physiological characteristics. For tidal freshwater forested wetlands, we hypothesized that the conditions under which trees developed led to ecotypic difference in response of progeny to hydroperiod. Specifically, we looked for evidence of ecotypic adaptation for tidal flooding at different salinity regimes using growth and ecophysiological characteristics of two tidal and two non-tidal source collections of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) LC. Rich) from the southeastern United States. Saplings were subjected to treatments of hydrology (permanent versus tidal flooding) and salinity (0 versus similar to 2 gl(-1)) for two and a half growing seasons in a greenhouse environment. Saplings from tidal sources maintained 21-41% lower overall growth and biomass accumulation than saplings from non-tidal sources, while saplings from non-tidal sources maintained 14-19% lower overall rates of net photosynthetic assimilation, leaf transpiration, and stomatal conductance than saplings from tidal sources. However, we found no evidence for growth or physiological enhancement of saplings from tidal sources to tide, or of saplings from non-tidal sources to no tide. All saplings growing under permanent flooding exhibited reduced growth and leaf gas exchange regardless of source. with little evidence for consistent salinity effects across hydroperiods. While we reject our original hypothesis, we suggest that adaptations of coastal baldcypress to broad (rather than narrow) environmental conditions may promote ecophysiological and growth enhancements under a range of global-change-induced stressors, perhaps reflecting a natural resilience to environmental change while precluding adaptations for specific flood regimes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.; Doyle, Thomas W.; Howard, Rebecca J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.05.005 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505NR UT WOS:000270701100016 ER PT J AU Hartig, JH Zarull, MA Ciborowski, JJH Gannon, JE Wilke, E Norwood, G Vincent, AN AF Hartig, J. H. Zarull, M. A. Ciborowski, J. J. H. Gannon, J. E. Wilke, E. Norwood, G. Vincent, A. N. TI Long-term ecosystem monitoring and assessment of the Detroit River and Western Lake Erie SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Detroit River; Western Lake Erie; Indicators; Trends; Ecosystem health; Assessment ID GREAT-LAKES; SCENARIOS AB Over 35 years of US and Canadian pollution prevention and control efforts have led to substantial improvements in environmental quality of the Detroit River and western Lake Erie. However, the available information also shows that much remains to be done. Improvements in environmental quality have resulted in significant ecological recovery, including increasing populations of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), peregrine falcons (Falco columbarius), lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), walleye (Sander vitreus), and burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.). Although this recovery is remarkable, many challenges remain, including population growth, transportation expansion, and land use changes; nonpoint source pollution; toxic substances contamination; habitat loss and degradation; introduction of exotic species; and greenhouse gases and global warming. Research/monitoring must be sustained for effective management. Priority research and monitoring needs include: demonstrating and quantifying cause-effect relationships; establishing quantitative endpoints and desired future states; determining cumulative impacts and how indicators relate; improving modeling and prediction; prioritizing geographic areas for protection and restoration; and fostering long-term monitoring for adaptive management. Key management agencies, universities, and environmental and conservation organizations should pool resources and undertake comprehensive and integrative assessments of the health of the Detroit River and western Lake Erie at least every 5 years to practice adaptive management for long-term sustainability. C1 [Hartig, J. H.; Norwood, G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Zarull, M. A.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Ciborowski, J. J. H.; Vincent, A. N.] Univ Windsor, Dept Biol, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Gannon, J. E.] Int Joint Commiss, Great Lakes Reg Off, Windsor, ON N9A 6T3, Canada. [Wilke, E.] SW Michigan Land Conservancy, Portage, MI USA. RP Hartig, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM john_hartig@fws.gov FU Detroit River-Western Lake Erie Indicator Project; 2006 State of the Strait Conference FX This manuscript was made possible by many sponsoring organizations and agencies of the Detroit River-Western Lake Erie Indicator Project and the 2006 State of the Strait Conference. Without their financial and in-kind support this manuscript would not have been possible. In addition, over 75 scientists and nearly 50 organizations contributed trend data and knowledge. Without access to their data, knowledge, and practical management experience this manuscript would not have been possible. We gratefully acknowledge the most significant contributions of all sponsors, partners, and scientists. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 158 IS 1-4 BP 87 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0567-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 518DJ UT WOS:000271670200009 PM 18850284 ER PT J AU Hung, HW Sheng, GD Lin, TF Su, YH Chiou, CT AF Hung, Hsu-Wen Sheng, G. Daniel Lin, Tsair-Fuh Su, Yuhong Chiou, Cary T. TI The organic contamination level based on the total soil mass is not a proper index of the soil contamination intensity SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Organic contaminants; Pesticides; Productive soils; Soil contamination intensity; Soil organic matter; Crop contamination ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PLANT UPTAKE; WATER; PARTITION; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; VEGETABLES; BIOCONCENTRATION; ACCUMULATION; EQUILIBRIA AB Concentrations of organic contaminants in common productive soils based on the total soil mass give a misleading account of actual contamination effects. This is attributed to the fact that productive soils are essentially water-saturated, with the result that the soil uptake of organic compounds occurs principally by partition into the soil organic matter (SOM). This report illustrates that the soil contamination intensity of a compound is governed by the concentration in the SOM (C-om) rather than by the concentration in whole soil (C-s). Supporting data consist of the measured levels and toxicities of many pesticides in soils of widely differing SOM contents and the related levels in in-situ crops that defy explanation by the C-s values. This SOM-based index is timely needed for evaluating the contamination effects of food crops grown in different soils and for establishing a dependable priority ranking for intended remediation of numerous contamination sites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lin, Tsair-Fuh; Chiou, Cary T.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Hung, Hsu-Wen; Lin, Tsair-Fuh; Chiou, Cary T.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Sustainable Environm Res Ctr, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Sheng, G. Daniel] Zhejiang Univ Technol, Coll Biol & Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Su, Yuhong] Xinjiang Univ, Dept Chem, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Chiou, Cary T.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Chiou, CT (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. EM carychio@mail.ncku.edu.tw RI Lin, Tsair-Fuh/C-4056-2008; Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 OI Lin, Tsair-Fuh/0000-0002-2439-9090; FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 96-2621-Z-006-016, NSC 97-2221-E-006-039-MY2]; National Cheng Kung University Landmark Project [B-020]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20688702, 40763001] FX This work is supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC 96-2621-Z-006-016 and NSC 97-2221-E-006-039-MY2), the National Cheng Kung University Landmark Project (B-020), the National Natural Science Foundation of China Outstanding Young Scholars Program (20688702), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40763001). NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 157 IS 11 BP 2928 EP 2932 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.007 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 498EN UT WOS:000270119900003 PM 19647354 ER PT J AU Jayaraman, S Nacci, DE Champlin, DM Pruell, RJ Rocha, KJ Custer, CM Custer, TW Cantwellt, M AF Jayaraman, Saro Nacci, Diane E. Champlin, Denise M. Pruell, Richard J. Rocha, Kenneth J. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Cantwellt, Mark TI PCBs and DDE in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Eggs and Nestlings from an Estuarine PCB Superfund Site, New Bedford Harbor, MA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; RIVER; MASSACHUSETTS; SEDIMENTS; BAY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; ACCUMULATION; WISCONSIN; EXPOSURE AB While breeding tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) have been used as biomonitors for freshwater sites, we report the first use of this species to assess contaminant bioaccumulation from estuarine breeding grounds into these aerial insectivores. Eggs and nestlings were collected from nest boxes in a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated estuary, the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site (NBH, Massachusetts, USA),and a reference salt marsh, Fox Hill (FH, Jamestown, Rhode Island, USA). Sediments, eggs, and nestlings were compared on a ng g(-1) wet weight basis for total PCBs and DDE (1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene), metabolite of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane), NBH samples contained high concentrations of PCBs compared to FH for sediment (36,500 and 0.2), eggs (11,200 and 323), and nestlings (16,800 and 26). PCB homologue patterns linked tree swallow contamination to NBH sediment NBH samples were also contaminated with DDE compared to FH for sediment (207 and 0.9) and nestlings (235 and 30) but not for eggs (526 and 488), suggesting both NBH and nonbreeding ground sources for DDE. The relationships between sediment and tree swallow egg and nestling PCBs were similar to those reported for freshwater sites. Like some highly contaminated freshwater sites, NBH PCB bioaccumulation had little apparent effect on reproductive success. C1 [Jayaraman, Saro; Nacci, Diane E.; Champlin, Denise M.; Pruell, Richard J.; Rocha, Kenneth J.; Cantwellt, Mark] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Jayaraman, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. EM jayaraman.saro@epa.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors thank Dr. B. Gray, Dr. J. Franz, and Dr. J. Brenardy for their technical reviews of the manuscript and Mr. J. LiVolsi, Dr. J. Heltshe, Ms. R. Johnson, Ms. P. DeCastro, and Mr. D. McGovern for help with quality assurance, statistical review, and graphics. The contribution number for this manuscript is AED-08-042. Although the research presented in this paper has been wholly funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to agency level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 21 BP 8387 EP 8392 DI 10.1021/es900255v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 510QT UT WOS:000271106300068 PM 19924974 ER PT J AU Wang, N Mebane, CA Kunz, JL Ingersoll, CG May, TW Arnold, WR Santore, RC Augspurger, T Dwyer, FJ Barnhart, MC AF Wang, Ning Mebane, Christopher A. Kunz, James L. Ingersoll, Christopher G. May, Thomas W. Arnold, W. Ray Santore, Robert C. Augspurger, Tom Dwyer, F. James Barnhart, M. Chris TI EVALUATION OF ACUTE COPPER TOXICITY TO JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (FATMUCKET, LAMPSILIS SILIQUOIDEA) IN NATURAL AND RECONSTITUTED WATERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Juvenile mussels; Copper Dissolved organic carbon; Biotic ligand model; Water quality criteria ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; FATHEAD MINNOWS; MATTER SOURCE; FIELD VALIDATION AB The influence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water composition on the toxicity of copper to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) were evaluated in natural and reconstituted waters. Acute 96-h copper toxicity tests were conducted at four nominal DOC concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L as carbon [C]) in dilutions of natural waters and in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) reconstituted hard water. Toxicity tests also were conducted in ASTM soft, moderately hard, hard, and very hard reconstituted waters (nominal hardness 45-300 mg/L as CaCO3). Three natural surface waters (9.5-11 mg/L DOC) were diluted to obtain a series of DOC concentrations with diluted well water, and an extract of natural organic matter and commercial humic acid was mixed with ASTM hard water to prepare a series of DOC concentrations for toxicity testing. Median effective concentrations (EC50s) for dissolved copper varied >40-fold (9.9 to >396 mu g Cu/L) over all 21 treatments in various DOC waters. Within a particular type of DOC water, EC50s increased 5-to 12-fold across DOC concentrations of 0.3 to up to 11 mg C/L. However, EC50s increased by only a factor of 1.4 (21-30 mg Cu/L) in the four ASTM waters with wide range of water hardness (52300 mg CaCO3/L). Predictions from the biotic ligand model (BLM) for copper explained nearly 90% of the variability in EC50s. Nearly 70% of BLM-normalized EC50s for fatmucket tested in natural waters were below the final acute value used to derive the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency acute water quality criterion for copper, indicating that the criterion might not be protective of fatmucket and perhaps other mussel species. C1 [Wang, Ning; Kunz, James L.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; May, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Arnold, W. Ray] Aquat Ecol Risk Assessment LLC, Tyler, TX 75703 USA. [Santore, Robert C.] HydroQual Environm Engineers & Scientists, E Syracuse, NY 13057 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Dwyer, F. James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Barnhart, M. Chris] SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 FU Copper Development Association ( New York, NY, USA) FX We thank J. Arms, E. Brunson, D. Hardesty, C. Ivey, B. Kaiser, A. Roberts, and D. Whites for technical assistance; P. Gillis for providing the extract of Luther Marsh natural organic matter; and J. Fairchild and C. Schmitt for comments on an earlier draft of the article. Funding for this work was provided in part by the Copper Development Association ( New York, NY, USA). References to trade names or manufacturers do not imply government endorsements of commercial products. This article has been reviewed in accordance with U. S. Geological Survey peer review policy. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2367 EP 2377 DI 10.1897/08-655.S3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 507IV UT WOS:000270846900016 PM 19572770 ER PT J AU Sellin, MK Snow, DD Schwarz, M Carter, BJ Kolok, AS AF Sellin, Marlo K. Snow, Daniel D. Schwarz, Matthew Carter, Barbara J. Kolok, Alan S. TI AGRICHEMICALS IN NEBRASKA, USA, WATERSHEDS: OCCURRENCE AND ENDOCRINE EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fathead minnow; Pesticides Gene expression; Agricultural runoff; Endocrine disruption ID GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; FATHEAD MINNOW; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; RIVER WATER; CAGED FISH; VITELLOGENIN; DISRUPTION; EFFLUENT; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL AB The objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence and endocrine effects of agrichemicals in four Nebraska, USA, watersheds-the Elkhorn, Platte, Niobrara, and Dismal rivers. Land use in the Elkhorn River and Platte River watersheds is characterized by intense agriculture, including row crop and beef cattle production. In contrast, land within the Niobrara River and Dismal River watersheds consists primarily of grasslands. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and caged fathead minnows were deployed at a site within each watershed for 7 d. The POCIS were analyzed for pesticides and hormones, while the caged minnows were analyzed for the expression of estrogen-and androgen-responsive genes. Amounts of pesticides recovered in POCIS extracts from the Elkhorn and Platte rivers were higher than those recovered from the Niobrara and Dismal rivers. Furthermore, female minnows deployed in the Elkhorn River experienced significant reductions in expression of two estrogen-responsive genes (vitellogenin and estrogen receptor alpha) relative to females deployed at the other sites, indicating alterations in endocrine function. However, the defeminization of these females could not be definitely linked to any of the agrichemicals detected in the POCIS recovered from the Elkhorn River. C1 [Sellin, Marlo K.; Kolok, Alan S.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Agr & Occupat Hlth, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Snow, Daniel D.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Water Sci Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Schwarz, Matthew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Grand Isl, NE 68801 USA. [Carter, Barbara J.] EcoArray, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Kolok, Alan S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Sellin, MK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Agr & Occupat Hlth, 986805 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM msellin@mail.unomaha.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Small Business Innovation Research Phase II [R44 ES011882] FX The authors acknowledge financial support for this project from an National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Small Business Innovation Research Phase II, Grant 5 R44 ES011882: Microarrays in Fathead Minnows and Bass, awarded to EcoArray, and the University of Nebraska Medical Center Emley Fellowship Program. Debbie Akerly, Molly Hartmann, Jason Weigel, Brittney Smith, and Teyona Damon provided technical support for this project. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 31 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2443 EP 2448 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 507IV UT WOS:000270846900024 PM 19604031 ER PT J AU Rehage, JS Dunlop, KL Loftus, WF AF Rehage, Jennifer S. Dunlop, Katherine L. Loftus, William F. TI Antipredator Responses by Native Mosquitofish to Non-Native Cichlids: An Examination of the Role of Prey Naivete SO ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVE PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; INTRODUCED PREDATORS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; TRINIDADIAN GUPPY; ALIEN PREDATORS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; AMERICAN TOAD AB The strong impact of non-native predators in aquatic systems is thought to relate to the evolutionary naivete of prey. Due to isolation and limited dispersal, this naivete may be relatively high in freshwater systems. In this study, we tested this notion by examining the antipredator response of native mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, to two non-native predators found in the Everglades, the African jewelfish, Hemichromis letourneuxi, and the Mayan cichlid, Cichlasoma urophthalmus. We manipulated prey naivete by using two mosquitofish populations that varied in their experience with the recent invader, the African jewelfish, but had similar levels of experience with the longer-established Mayan cichlid. Specifically, we tested these predictions: (1) predator hunting modes differed between the two predators, (2) predation rates would be higher by the novel jewelfish predator, (3) particularly on the naive population living where jewelfish have not invaded yet, (4) antipredator responses would be stronger to Mayan cichlids due to greater experience and weaker and/or ineffective to jewelfish, and (5) especially weakest by the naive population. We assayed prey and predator behavior, and prey mortality in lab aquaria where both predators and prey were free-ranging. Predator hunting modes and habitat domains differed, with jewelfish being more active search predators that used slightly higher parts of the water column and less of the habitat structure relative to Mayan cichlids. In disagreement with our predictions, predation rates were similar between the two predators, antipredator responses were stronger to African jewelfish (except for predator inspections), and there was no difference in response between jewelfish-savvy and jewelfish-naive populations. These results suggest that despite the novelty of introduced predators, prey may be able to respond appropriately if non-native predator archetypes are similar enough to those of native predators, if prey rely on general antipredator responses or predation cues, and/or show neophobic responses. C1 [Rehage, Jennifer S.] Florida Int Univ, Earth & Environm Dept, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Dunlop, Katherine L.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL USA. [Loftus, William F.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL USA. RP Rehage, JS (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Earth & Environm Dept, SE Environm Res Ctr, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM rehagej@fiu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Lauren McCarthy, Ashley Porter, Ashley Hayden, and Paul Rehage for help with field collections and experimental setup, and Shelby Moneysmith for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was conducted under scientific permits issued by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission and the National Park Service, and complies with all animal care guidelines. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. This is SERC Contribution # 450. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-1613 J9 ETHOLOGY JI Ethology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1046 EP 1056 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01694.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 505XL UT WOS:000270734700005 ER PT J AU McClelland, WC Gilotti, JA Mazdab, FK Wooden, JL AF McClelland, William C. Gilotti, Jane A. Mazdab, Frank K. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Trace-element record in zircons during exhumation from UHP conditions, North-East Greenland Caledonides SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article DE ultrahigh-pressure; zircon; U-Pb; trace elements; geochemistry; exhumation; Caledonides; Greenland ID ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM; ECLOGITE-FACIES METAMORPHISM; U-PB ZIRCON; HIGH-GRADE METAMORPHISM; COESITE-BEARING ZIRCON; TI-IN-ZIRCON; WESTERN ALPS; KOKCHETAV MASSIF; EAST ANTARCTICA; SULU TERRANE AB Coesite-bearing zircon formed at ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) conditions share general characteristics of eclogite-facies zircon with trace-element signatures characterized by depleted heavy rare earth elements (HREE), lack of an Eu anomaly, and low Th/U ratios. Trace-element signatures of zircons from the Caledonian UHP terrane in North-East Greenland were used to examine the possible changes in signature with age during exhumation. Collection and interpretation of age and trace-element analyses of zircon from three samples of quartzofeldspathic gneiss and two leucocratic intrusions were guided by core vs. rim zoning patterns as imaged by cathodoluminesence. Change from igneous to eclogite-facies metamorphic trace-element signature in protolith zircon is characterized by gradual depletion of HREE, whereas newly formed metamorphic rims have flat HREE patterns and REE concentrations that are distinct from the recrystallized inherited cores. The signature associated with eclogite-facies metamorphic zircon is observed in coesite-bearing zircon formed at 358 +/- 4 Ma, metamorphic rims formed at 348 +/- 5 Ma during the initial stages of exhumation, and metamorphic rims formed at 337 +/- 5 Ma. Zircons from a garnet-bearing granite emplaced in the neck of En eclogite boudin and a leucocratic dike that cross-cuts amphibolite-facies structural fabrics have steeply sloping HREE patterns, variably developed negative Eu anomalies, and low Th/U ratios. The granite records initial decompression melting and exhumation at 347 +/- 2 Ma and later zircon rim growth at 329 +/- 5. The leucocratic dike was likely emplaced at amphibolite-facies conditions at 360 +/- 2 Ma, but records additional growth of compositionally similar zircon at 321 +/- 2 Ma. The difference between the trace-element signature of metamorphic zircon in the gneisses and in part coeval leucocratic intrusions indicates that the zircon signature varies as a function of lithology and context, thus enhancing its ability to aid in the interpretation of U-Pb data and track the exhumation history of UHP terranes. The differences may reflect variation in elemental availability through breakdown reactions in quartzofeldpathic gneiss vs. availability during melt production and/or crystallization. UHP rocks in North-East Greenland began exhumation by 347 +/- 2 Ma, were still at HP eclogite-facies conditions at 337 +/- 5 Ma and were at amphibolite-facies conditions by 330 +/- 2 Ma. C1 [McClelland, William C.; Gilotti, Jane A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Mazdab, Frank K.; Wooden, Joseph L.] USGS Stanford Ion Probe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mazdab, Frank K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McClelland, WC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM bill-mcclelland@uiowa.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0208158, EAR-0208236] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants to McClelland (EAR-0208158) and Gilotti (EAR-0208236). Ben Hallett and Siobhan Power are thanked for help with geologic mapping and sample collection on Rabbit Ears Island in 2003. Discussions with C. Mattinson concerning trace-element signatures of UHP rocks have been very fruitful. D. Rubatto and N. Kelly provided insightful and helpful reviews. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1135 EP 1148 DI 10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-2000 PG 14 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 554MF UT WOS:000274438400005 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Ramey, AM Flint, PL Koehler, AV Fleskes, JP Franson, JC Hall, JS Derksen, DV Ip, HS AF Pearce, John M. Ramey, Andrew M. Flint, Paul L. Koehler, Anson V. Fleskes, Joseph P. Franson, J. Christian Hall, Jeffrey S. Derksen, Dirk V. Ip, Hon S. TI Avian influenza at both ends of a migratory flyway: characterizing viral genomic diversity to optimize surveillance plans for North America SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; genetic; low pathogenic; migration; northern pintail; virus; waterfowl ID GENE SEGMENT REASSORTMENT; A VIRUSES; ANAS-ACUTA; RT-PCR; WATERFOWL; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; LINEAGES; DUCKS AB Although continental populations of avian influenza viruses are genetically distinct, transcontinental reassortment in low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses has been detected in migratory birds. Thus, genomic analyses of LPAI viruses could serve as an approach to prioritize species and regions targeted by North American surveillance activities for foreign origin highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). To assess the applicability of this approach, we conducted a phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of 68 viral genomes isolated from the northern pintail (Anas acuta) at opposite ends of the Pacific migratory flyway in North America. We found limited evidence for Asian LPAI lineages on wintering areas used by northern pintails in California in contrast to a higher frequency on breeding locales of Alaska. Our results indicate that the number of Asian LPAI lineages observed in Alaskan northern pintails, and the nucleotide composition of LPAI lineages, is not maintained through fall migration. Accordingly, our data indicate that surveillance of Pacific Flyway northern pintails to detect foreign avian influenza viruses would be most effective in Alaska. North American surveillance plans could be optimized through an analysis of LPAI genomics from species that demonstrate evolutionary linkages with European or Asian lineages and in regions that have overlapping migratory flyways with areas of HPAI outbreaks. C1 [Pearce, John M.; Ramey, Andrew M.; Flint, Paul L.; Koehler, Anson V.; Derksen, Dirk V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. [Franson, J. Christian; Hall, Jeffrey S.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jpearce@usgs.gov RI Koehler, Anson/P-3658-2015; OI Koehler, Anson/0000-0001-8330-6416; Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU U. S. Geological Survey (USGS); U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX This research was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) provided support for collection of additional California samples. We thank other members of the northern pintail avian influenza research team including J. Hupp, S. Talbot and M. Petersen. We are grateful to S. Haseltine, R. Kearney, and P. Bright (USGS); D. Rocque, K. Trust, B. Bortner, and J. Hoskins (USFWS); and D. Yparraguirre (CDFG) for their support of field collections and laboratory analyses. Y. Gillies (USGS Alaska Science Center), D. Goldberg, Z. Najacht and R. Zane (USGS National Wildlife Health Center; NWHC) coordinated distribution of sampling materials, receipt of samples, and data verification. We thank the numerous state, federal, and California Waterfowl Association (CWA) field biologists who participated in sampling wild birds, including D. Loughman, J. Laughlin (CWA), and C. Tierney and G. Yarris (USGS). We also thank past and current members of the Diagnostic Virology Laboratory at the USGS NWHC, including T. Egstad, K. Griffin, A. Hauser, K. Kooiman, R. Long, A. Miyamoto, J. Montez, Z. Najacht, S. Nashold, J. TeSlaa, J. Tuscher and A. Ray. J. Terenzi created the map. C. Ely, J. Peters, C. Brand and K. Trust provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 47 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00071.x PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 514SS UT WOS:000271416500001 PM 25567891 ER PT J AU George, AL Kuhajda, BR Williams, JD Cantrell, MA Rakes, PL Shute, JR AF George, Anna L. Kuhajda, Bernard R. Williams, James D. Cantrell, Mark A. Rakes, Patrick L. Shute, J. R. TI Guidelines for Propagation and Translocation for Freshwater Fish Conservation SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; REINTRODUCTION BIOLOGY; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; GENETIC ADAPTATION; SPECIES RECOVERY; BREEDING SUCCESS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; RANGE SIZE; BODY-SIZE AB Reestablishment of locally extinct populations and augmentation of declining populations are management activities used with increasing frequency in the conservation of imperiled fishes in the United States. Unfortunately, these options were not always carefully or appropriately used in past cases, partly owing to a lack Of guidelines that address scientifically-based protocols for propagation, translocation, reintroduction, and augmentation (PTRA). PTRA programs are,in important management tool for the recovery of imperiled fishes when undertaken with careful planning, including everything from determining that PTRA is necessary to incorporating knowledge of life history and genetics into the PTRA plan. In addition, PTRA programs must also assemble advisory groups, obtain funding and permitting, construct and maintain propagation facilities, and raise community awareness of the program. Because such diverse skills are needed, Successful PTRA programs should prepare for long-term partnerships to achieve the goal of recovery. C1 [George, Anna L.] Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Kuhajda, Bernard R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Williams, James D.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cantrell, Mark A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC USA. [Rakes, Patrick L.; Shute, J. R.] Conservat Fisheries Inc, Knoxville, TN USA. RP George, AL (reprint author), Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, Chattanooga, TN USA. FU World Wildlife Fund FX We would like to thank R. Blanton, R. Butler, N. Burkhead, G. Dinkins, P. Hartfield, P. Johnson, M. O'Connell, and C. Skelton for helpful comments on this article. Logistical support was provided by the Southeastern Fishes Council, W Smith and J. Takats from the World Wildlife Fund, and from the Tennessee Aquarium, particularly J. Andrews, C. Arant, T Benson, C. Burman, T Demas, L. Friedlander, J. Kelley, T Lee, J. Shipley, A. Smith, L. Smith, and L. Wilson. This work was supported by the Southeast Rivers and Streams Program of the World Wildlife Fund. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2009 VL 34 IS 11 BP 529 EP 545 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.11.529 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522VH UT WOS:000272026600003 ER PT J AU Neal, JW Lilyestrom, CG Kwak, TJ AF Neal, J. Wesley Lilyestrom, Craig G. Kwak, Thomas J. TI Factors Influencing Tropical Island Freshwater Fishes: Species, Status, and Management Implications in Puerto Rico SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMIASIS; DAMS AB Anthropogenic effects including river regulation, watershed development, contamination, and fish introductions have Substantially affected the majority of freshwater habitats in Europe and North America. This pattern of resource development and degradation is widespread in the tropics, and often little is known about the resources before they are lost. This article describes the freshwater resources of Puerto Rico and identifies factors that threaten conservation of native fishes. The fishes found in freshwater habitats Of Puerto Rico represent a moderately diverse assemblage composed of 14 orders, 29 families, and 82 species. There are fewer than 10 species of native peripherally-freshwater fish that require a link to marine systems. Introductions of nonindigenous species have greatly expanded fish diversity in freshwater systems, and native estuarine and marine species (18 families) also commonly enter lowland rivers and brackish lagoons. Environmental alterations, including land use and development, stream channelization, Pollution, and the impoundment of rivers, combined with normative species introductions threaten the health and sustainability of aquatic resources in Puerto Rico. Six principal areas for attention that are important influences on the Current and future Status Of the freshwater fish resources of Puerto Rico are identified and discussed. C1 [Neal, J. Wesley] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Starkville, MS USA. [Lilyestrom, Craig G.] Puerto Rico Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Marine Resource Div, San Juan, PR USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Neal, JW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Starkville, MS USA. EM jneal@cfr.msstate.edu NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2009 VL 34 IS 11 BP 546 EP 554 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.11.546 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522VH UT WOS:000272026600004 ER PT J AU Ross, MS O'Brien, JJ Ford, RG Zhang, KQ Morkill, A AF Ross, Michael S. O'Brien, Joseph J. Ford, R. Glenn Zhang, Keqi Morkill, Anne TI Disturbance and the rising tide: the challenge of biodiversity management on low-island ecosystems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; FLORIDA-KEYS; PINE FORESTS; HURRICANE HUGO; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUTURE; USA; DYNAMICS; REEFS AB Sea-level rise presents an imminent threat to freshwater-dependent ecosystems on small oceanic islands, which often harbor rare and endemic taxa. Conservation of these assemblages is complicated by feedbacks between sea level and recurring pulse disturbances (eg hurricanes, fire). Once sea level reaches a critical level, the transition from a landscape characterized by mesophytic upland forests and freshwater wetlands to one dominated by mangroves can occur suddenly, following a single storm-surge event. We document such a trajectory, unfolding today in the Florida Keys. With sea level projected to rise substantially during the next century, ex-situ actions may be needed to conserve individual species of special concern. However, within existing public conservation units, managers have a responsibility to conserve extant biodiversity. We propose a strategy that combines the identification and intensive management of the most defensible core sites within a broader reserve system, in which refugia for biota facing local extirpation may be sought. C1 [Ross, Michael S.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Ross, Michael S.; Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [O'Brien, Joseph J.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Ford, R. Glenn] RG Ford Consulting, Portland, OR USA. [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Int Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Morkill, Anne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Key Deer Natl Wildlife Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL USA. RP Ross, MS (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM rossm@fiu.edu FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science; SERC [391] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) through the Coastal Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Tulane University. The analysis built on data collected with support from the Joint Fire Science Program. We also acknowledge The Nature Conservancy, Florida Keys Office, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Key Deer National Wildlife Refuge, for funding and logistical support. T Heinze, D Heinze, D Ogurcak, J Sah, S Stoffella, M Kline, J Espinar, E Hanan, and P Ruiz were instrumental in data collection or document preparation. This is SERC Contribution Number 391. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 7 IS 9 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1890/070221 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516RB UT WOS:000271559000015 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Marshak, S Bruna, JLG AF ten Brink, Uri S. Marshak, Stephen Granja Bruna, Jose-Luis TI Bivergent thrust wedges surrounding oceanic island arcs: Insight from observations and sandbox models of the northeastern Caribbean plate SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIONAL OROGENS; OBLIQUE CONVERGENCE; MECHANICAL MODEL; MUERTOS TROUGH; BOUNDARY ZONE; EASTERN SUNDA; TECTONICS; SUBDUCTION; BELTS; COLLISION AB At several localities around the world, thrust belts have developed on both sides of oceanic island arcs (e.g., Java-Timor, Panama, Vanuatu, and the northeastern Caribbean). In these localities, the overall vergence of the backarc thrust belt is opposite to that of the forearc thrust belt. For example, in the northeastern Caribbean, a north-verging accretionary prism lies to the north of the Eastern Greater Antilles arc (Hispaniola and Puerto Rico), whereas a south-verging thrust belt called the Muertos thrust belt lies to the south. Researchers have attributed such bivergent geometry to several processes, including: reversal of subduction polarity; subduction-driven mantle flow; stress transmission across the arc; gravitational spreading of the arc; and magmatic inflation within the arc. New observations of deformational features in the Muertos thrust belt and of fault geometries produced in sandbox kinematic models, along with examination of published studies of island arcs, lead to the conclusion that the bivergence of thrusting in island arcs can develop without reversal of subduction polarity, without subarc mantle flow, and without magmatic inflation. We suggest that the Eastern Greater Antilles arc and comparable arcs are simply crustal-scale bivergent (or "doubly vergent") thrust wedges formed during unidirectional subduction. Sandbox kinematic modeling suggests, in addition, that a broad retrowedge containing an imbricate fan of thrusts develops only where the arc behaves relatively rigidly. In such cases, the arc acts as a backstop that transmits compressive stress into the backarc region. Further, modeling shows that when arcs behave as rigid blocks, the strike-slip component of oblique convergence is accommodated entirely within the prowedge and the are-the retrowedge hosts only dip-slip faulting ("frontal thrusting"). The existence of large retrowedges and the distribution of faulting in an island are may, therefore, be evidence that the arc is relatively rigid. The rigidity of an island are may arise from its malic composition and has implications for seismic-hazard analysis. C1 [ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Marshak, Stephen] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Granja Bruna, Jose-Luis] Univ Complutense Madrid, Geodynam Dept, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 FU Spanish Department of Education and Science FX We thank Bob Barton for building the sandbox and Kathy Scanlon for arranging the collaboration. J.L. Grani. a BruRa was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the Spanish Department of Education and Science. Constructive reviews by Jason Chaytor, Eric Geist, Eli Silver, Peter Cobbold, and Associate Editor An Yin are gratefully acknowledged. NR 80 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 121 IS 11-12 BP 1522 EP 1536 DI 10.1130/B26512.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 507LJ UT WOS:000270854700003 ER PT J AU van Manen, SM Dehn, J AF van Manen, Saskia M. Dehn, Jon TI Satellite remote sensing of thermal activity at Bezymianny and Kliuchevskoi from 1993 to 1998 SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERUPTION; VOLCANO; SPACE; KAMCHATKA; RUSSIA; FLOWS AB Time-series trends in thermal Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from 1993 to 1998 provide insight into the active volcanic processes at Bezymianny and Kliuchevskoi, two of the most dangerous volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The AVHRR time series show differences in these volcanoes' pre- and postexplosive trends: Bezymianny exhibited a thermal precursory signal in all recorded explosions between 1993 and 1998, as well as continued postexplosive activity, and Kliuchevskoi showed only short-lived thermal activity and exhibited precursors before the 1994 paroxysmal explosion. These contrasting characteristics reflect different magma types and eruption styles. At Bezymianny, a persistent thermal signal and precursory thermal increases are due to the slow ascent of andesitic magma, whereas the more rapid rise, effusion, and cooling of basaltic magmas at Kliuchevskoi give rise to a discontinuous thermal pattern. Documentation, analysis, and understanding of these characteristics contribute to the understanding of thermal signals and aid the development of monitoring algorithms and early warning techniques. C1 [van Manen, Saskia M.] Open Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Volcano Dynam Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Dehn, Jon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP van Manen, SM (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Volcano Dynam Grp, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM s.m.van-manen@open.ac.uk RI van Manen, Saskia/D-7300-2012 FU Geological Society of London FX Travel to the Alaska Volcano Observatory for van Manen was provided by the Geological Society of London. The authors would like to thank S. Blake, P. Webley, and D. A. Rothery for discussions regarding the topic and paper. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 37 IS 11 BP 983 EP 986 DI 10.1130/G30179A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 512AY UT WOS:000271215600006 ER PT J AU Slack, JF Cannon, WF AF Slack, John F. Cannon, William F. TI Extraterrestrial demise of banded iron formations 1.85 billion years ago SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; PROTEROZOIC OCEAN; FE(II) OXIDATION; DEEP SEAWATER; SOUTH-AFRICA; REDOX STATE; IMPACT; BIFS; RISE; CHICXULUB AB In the Lake Superior region of North America, deposition of most banded iron formations (BIFs) ended abruptly 1.85 Ga ago, coincident with the oceanic impact of the giant Sudbury extraterrestrial bolide. We propose a new model in which this impact produced global mixing of shallow oxic and deep anoxic waters of the Paleoproterozoic ocean, creating a suboxic redox state for deep seawater. This suboxic state, characterized by only small concentrations of dissolved O(2) (similar to 1 mu M), prevented transport of hydrothermally derived Fe(II) from the deep ocean to continental-margin settings, ending an similar to 1.1 billion-year-long period of episodic BIF mineralization. The model is supported by the nature of Precambrian deep-water exhalative chemical sediments, which changed from predominantly sulfide facies prior to ca. 1.85 Ga to mainly oxide facies thereafter. C1 [Slack, John F.; Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jfslack@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1011 EP 1014 DI 10.1130/G30259A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 512AY UT WOS:000271215600013 ER PT J AU Ellefsen, KJ AF Ellefsen, Karl J. TI A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM-INVERSION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; RAY TOMOGRAPHY; FREQUENCY-SPACE; LIMITS AB With phase inversion, one can estimate subsurface velocities using the phases of first-arriving waves, which are the frequency-domain equivalents of the traveltimes. Phase inversion is modified to make it suitable for processing traveltimes from near-surface refraction surveys. The modifications include parameterizing the model, correcting the observed phases, and selecting the complex frequency. This modified phase inversion is compared to traveltime tomography. For two comparisons using computer-simulated traveltimes, the difference between the estimated and correct models, the residual mean, and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography. For a comparison using field data from an S-wave refraction survey, both methods estimate models that are consistent with the known geology. Nonetheless, the phase-inversion model includes small-scale features in the bedrock that are geologically plausible; the residual mean and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ellefsen, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ellefsen@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 SU S BP WCB11 EP WCB24 DI 10.1190/1.3196857 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 547NP UT WOS:000273896600024 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM McMahon, PB Lindsey, BD AF Chapelle, Francis H. Bradley, Paul M. McMahon, Peter B. Lindsey, Bruce D. TI What Does "Water Quality" Mean? SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRINKING-WATER; CANCER MORTALITY; LUNG-CANCER; BLADDER; CHILE C1 [Chapelle, Francis H.; Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [McMahon, Peter B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lindsey, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 752 EP 754 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00569.x PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 508BD UT WOS:000270900900002 PM 22748082 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN Muffels, CT Hunt, RJ AF Fienen, Michael N. Muffels, Christopher T. Hunt, Randall J. TI On Constraining Pilot Point Calibration with Regularization in PEST SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID INCORPORATING PRIOR INFORMATION; MODELS AB Ground water model calibration has made great advances in recent years with practical tools such as PEST being instrumental for making the latest techniques available to practitioners. As models and calibration tools get more sophisticated, however, the power of these tools can be misapplied, resulting in poor parameter estimates and/or nonoptimally calibrated models that do not suit their intended purpose. Here, we focus on an increasingly common technique for calibrating highly parameterized numerical models-pilot point parameterization with Tikhonov regularization. Pilot points are a popular method for spatially parameterizing complex hydrogeologic systems; however, additional flexibility offered by pilot points can become problematic if not constrained by Tikhonov regularization. The objective of this work is to explain and illustrate the specific roles played by control variables in the PEST software for Tikhonov regularization applied to pilot points. A recent study encountered difficulties implementing this approach, but through examination of that analysis, insight into underlying sources of potential misapplication can be gained and some guidelines for overcoming them developed. C1 [Fienen, Michael N.; Hunt, Randall J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Muffels, Christopher T.] SS Papadopulos & Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651 FU USGS Office of Ground Water; National Academies Postdoctoral Research Associateship; S. S. Papadopulos and Associates, Inc; U.S. government FX The authors wish to thank Mary Hill of USGS for bringing the challenges associated with this synthetic example to our attention and for graciously sharing her input files. We also thank Matt Tonkin of S. S. Papadopulos and Associates Inc., David Dahlstrom of Barr Engineering, and John Doherty of Watermark Numerical Computing for their suggestions. We also acknowledge reviews by Steffen Mehl, Andreas Alcolea, Mary Anderson, and one anonymous reviewer, which also improved this manuscript. The work was funded by the USGS Office of Ground Water, the National Academies Postdoctoral Research Associateship, and S. S. Papadopulos and Associates, Inc. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00579.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 508BD UT WOS:000270900900020 PM 19486167 ER PT J AU Hanson, KC Abizaid, A Cooke, SJ AF Hanson, Kyle C. Abizaid, Alfonso Cooke, Steven J. TI Causes and consequences of voluntary anorexia during the parental care period of wild male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Aggression; Appetite hormone; Ghrelin; Parental care; Swimming performance; Voluntary anorexia ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; GASTROINTESTINAL BLOOD-FLOW; RAINBOW-TROUT; FOOD-INTAKE; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; OREXIGENIC ACTIONS; GHRELIN RECEPTOR; LARGEMOUTH BASS; ENERGY-BALANCE AB By definition, parental care behaviors increase offspring survival, and individual fitness, at some cost to the parent. In smallmouth bass (Microptents dolomieu), parental males provide sole care for the developing brood that includes an increase in activity during brood defense and decreased foraging resulting in a decline in endogenous energy reserves. No mechanisms have been proposed for cessation of voluntary foraging, though regulation of appetite hormones such as ghrelin have been documented to affect feeding behavior in other fishes. We documented baseline fluctuations in plasma ghrelin concentrations across parental care. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were lowest during the early stages of parental care before increasing as the brood developed to independence. Additionally, we performed an intervention experiment whereby plasma ghrelin levels were artificially increased through an injection of rodent ghrelin at the onset of parental care. Despite measuring a significant increase in plasma ghrelin approximately 1 week after injection, we noted no differences in plasma-borne indicators of recent foraging activity indicating that voluntary anorexia is possibly reinforced by receptor insensitivity to appetite hormones. Finally, we assessed the ultimate consequences of foraging during parental care by feeding fish to satiation and measuring post-prandial changes in swimming performance and aggression. Fish fed to satiation showed significant decreases in burst swimming ability and aggressiveness towards potential brood predators. Voluntary anorexia during smallmouth bass parental care is an adaptive behavior that avoids potentially deleterious declines in swimming performance and aggression apparently through a modulation of production and reception of appetite hormones including ghrelin. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanson, Kyle C.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Abizaid, Alfonso] Carleton Univ, Dept Psychol, Inst Neurosci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010; OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659; Abizaid, Alfonso/0000-0001-9303-3511 FU Carleton University; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Research Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Research permits were provided by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. We would like to thank all of the individuals who assisted with data collection including Alison Colotelo, Jake Davis, Cody Dey, Caleb Hasler, Constnace O'Conner, Rana Sunder, and Claire Yick. We also thank the staff of the Queen's University Biology Station for logistic support. Dr. Hymie Anisman provided technical assistance in conducting ghrelin assays. Aspects of this research were supported by funds from Carleton University, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Research Fund, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 56 IS 5 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.08.008 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 522HG UT WOS:000271987900003 PM 19729013 ER PT J AU Frank, HJ Mather, ME Smith, JM Muth, RM Finn, JT McCormick, SD AF Frank, Holly J. Mather, Martha E. Smith, Joseph M. Muth, Robert M. Finn, John T. McCormick, Stephen D. TI What is "fallback"?: metrics needed to assess telemetry tag effects on anadromous fish behavior SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Alosine; Tag effect; Movement; Behavior ID ADULT CHINOOK SALMON; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; AMERICAN SHAD; ATLANTIC SALMON; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; SPAWNING MIGRATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; RIVER-BASIN; FRESH-WATER; SALAR L. AB Telemetry has allowed researchers to document the upstream migrations of anadromous fish in freshwater. In many anadromous alosine telemetry studies, researchers use downstream movements ("fallback'') as a behavioral field bioassay for adverse tag effects. However, these downstream movements have not been uniformly reported or interpreted. We quantified movement trajectories of radio-tagged anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) in the Ipswich River, Massachusetts (USA) and tested blood chemistry of tagged and untagged fish held 24 h. A diverse repertoire of movements was observed, which could be quantified using (a) direction of initial movements, (b) timing, and (c) characteristics of bouts of coupled upstream and downstream movements (e. g., direction, distance, duration, and speed). Because downstream movements of individual fish were almost always made in combination with upstream movements, these should be examined together. Several of the movement patterns described here could fall under the traditional definition of "fallback'' but were not necessarily aberrant. Because superficially similar movements could have quite different interpretations, post-tagging trajectories need more precise definitions. The set of metrics we propose here will help quantify tag effects in the field, and provide the basis for a conceptual framework that helps define the complicated behaviors seen in telemetry studies on alewives and other fish in the field. C1 [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mather@nrc.umass.edu NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2009 VL 635 IS 1 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9917-3 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 504XT UT WOS:000270652200022 ER PT J AU Dekar, MP Magoulick, DD Huxel, GR AF Dekar, Matthew P. Magoulick, Daniel D. Huxel, Gary R. TI Shifts in the trophic base of intermittent stream food webs SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Circular statistics; Communities; Food webs; Intermittent streams; Stable isotopes; Trophic structure ID CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; ENERGY-FLOW; CONSUMER DELTA-C-13; ORGANIC-MATTER; RIVER; DELTA-N-15; DIET; FRACTIONATION AB Understanding spatial and temporal variation in the trophic base of stream food webs is critical for predicting population and community stability, and ecosystem function. We used stable isotope ratios ((13)C/(12)C, and (15)N/(14)N) to characterize the trophic base of two streams in the Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas, U. S. A. We predicted that autochthonous resources would be more important during the spring and summer and allochthonous resources would be more important in the winter due to increased detritus inputs from the riparian zone during autumn leaf drop. We predicted that stream communities would demonstrate increased reliance on autochthonous resources at sites with larger watersheds and greater canopy openness. The study was conducted at three low-order sites in the Mulberry River Drainage (watershed area range: 81-232 km(2)) seasonally in 2006 and 2007. We used circular statistics to examine community-wide shifts in isotope space among fish and invertebrate consumers in relation to basal resources, including detritus and periphyton. Mixing models were used to quantify the relative contribution of autochthonous and allochthonous energy sources to individual invertebrate consumers. Significant isotopic shifts occurred but results varied by season and site indicating substantial variation in the trophic base of stream food webs. In terms of temporal variation, consumers shifted toward periphyton in the summer during periods of low discharge, but results varied during the interval between summer and winter. Our results did not demonstrate increased reliance on periphyton with increasing watershed area or canopy openness, and detritus was important at all the sites. In our study, riffle-pool geomorphology likely disrupted the expected spatial pattern and stream drying likely impacted the availability and distribution of basal resources. C1 [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu FU University of Arkansa; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; United States Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank J. Ludlam for assistance in the field, and A. Ashlock, K. Morgan, D. Rogers, and L. Ward for assistance in the laboratory. We are grateful for the technical advice of T. Millican at the University of Arkansas Stable Isotope Laboratory. We thank M. Evans-White, E. Larson, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Additional thanks to Patricia Kowalewycz and the United States Forest Service for river access and camping facilities. Partial funding for this study was provided by the Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit in conjunction with the University of Arkansas, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, the United States Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2009 VL 635 IS 1 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9919-1 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 504XT UT WOS:000270652200024 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, I Rice, KG Pearlstine, LG Mazzotti, FJ AF Fujisaki, Ikuko Rice, Kenneth G. Pearlstine, Leonard G. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Relationship between body condition of American alligators and water depth in the Everglades, Florida SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Condition index; Alligators; Hydrology; South Florida; Prey abundance ID NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA; MCKINLAY RIVER AREA; CROCODYLUS-JOHNSTONI; NATIONAL-PARK; EL-NINO; GROWTH; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; DIET; AUSTRALIA; ABUNDANCE AB Feeding opportunities of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in freshwater wetlands in south Florida are closely linked to hydrologic conditions. In the Everglades, seasonally and annually fluctuating surface water levels affect populations of aquatic organisms that alligators consume. Since prey becomes more concentrated when water depth decreases, we hypothesized an inverse relationship between body condition and water depth in the Everglades. On average, condition of adult alligators in the dry season was significantly higher than in the wet season, but this was not the case for juveniles/subadults. The correlation between body condition and measured water depth at capture locations was weak; however, there was a significant negative correlation between the condition and predicted water depth prior to capture for all animals except for spring juveniles/subadults which had a weak positive condition-water depth relationship. Overall, a relatively strong inverse correlation occurred at 10-49 days prior to the capture day, suggesting that current body condition of alligators may depend on feeding opportunities during that period. Fitted regression of body condition on water depth (mean depth of 10 days when condition-water depth correlation was greatest) resulted in a significantly negative slope, except for spring adult females and spring juveniles/subadults for which slopes were not significantly different from zero. Our results imply that water management practices may be critical for alligators in the Everglades since water depth can affect animal condition in a relatively short period of time. C1 [Fujisaki, Ikuko; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Rice, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pearlstine, Leonard G.] S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. RP Fujisaki, I (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM ikuko@ufl.edu; krice@usgs.gov; Leonard_pearlstine@nps.gov; fjma@ufl.edu FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Monitoring and Assessment Program; U. S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Sciences program; U. S. National Park Service Critical Ecosystem Science Initiative FX This study was funded by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Monitoring and Assessment Program, the U. S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Sciences program, and the U. S. National Park Service Critical Ecosystem Science Initiative. We thank M. Cherkiss, K. Lodligue and both anonymous reviewers for making helpful comments, D. DeAngelis, H. Chen, K. Hart, and D. Ogurcak for reviewing the manuscript, and J. Frost and R. Harvey for providing editorial assistance. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2009 VL 635 IS 1 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9925-3 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 504XT UT WOS:000270652200029 ER PT J AU Michael, HA Voss, CI AF Michael, Holly A. Voss, Clifford I. TI Controls on groundwater flow in the Bengal Basin of India and Bangladesh: regional modeling analysis SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bangladesh; India; Sustainable groundwater management; Numerical modeling; Regional hydrogeology ID ARSENIC-BEARING AQUIFERS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHERN BANGLADESH; DRINKING-WATER; CONSTRAINTS; ARAIHAZAR AB Groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes is produced primarily from shallow parts of the Bengal Basin aquifer system (India and Bangladesh), which contains high concentrations of dissolved arsenic (exceeding worldwide drinking water standards), though deeper groundwater is generally low in arsenic. An essential first step for determining sustainable management of the deep groundwater resource is identification of hydrogeologic controls on flow and quantification of basin-scale groundwater flow patterns. Results from groundwater modeling, in which the Bengal Basin aquifer system is represented as a single aquifer with higher horizontal than vertical hydraulic conductivity, indicate that this anisotropy is the primary hydrogeologic control on the natural flowpath lengths. Despite extremely low hydraulic gradients due to minimal topographic relief, anisotropy implies large-scale (tens to hundreds of kilometers) flow at depth. Other hydrogeologic factors, including lateral and vertical changes in hydraulic conductivity, have minor effects on overall flow patterns. However, because natural hydraulic gradients are low, the impact of pumping on groundwater flow is overwhelming; modeling indicates that pumping has substantially changed the shallow groundwater budget and flowpaths from predevelopment conditions. C1 [Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Michael, Holly A.; Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Michael, HA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM hmichael@udel.edu RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010 FU UNICEF; British Department for International Development; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Geological Survey; National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate FX Thanks are due to K. M. Ahmed (University of Dhaka), A. Zahid (Bangladesh Water Development Board and University of Dhaka), M. A. Hoque (Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology), S. P. Sinha Ray (Centre for Groundwater Studies), P. Sikdar and P. Sahu (Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management) and S. Chakraborty (Bengal Engineering and Science University) for technical advice and ongoing cooperation; to J. Whitney and D. Clark (U. S. Geological Survey) for initiating and supporting this project; to G. Howard, R. Johnston, and R. Nickson for their support, to M. Allison (Tulane University) and S. Goodbred (Vanderbilt University) for insights into Bengal Basin geology; and to C. West, A. H. M. Shamsuddin, and J. Coleman of UNOCAL for geologic information. The project was funded by UNICEF, the Arsenic Policy Support Unit of the British Department for International Development, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Thanks are also due to the Government of Bangladesh through the Department of Public Health and Engineering and the Bangladesh Water Development Board. We also thank the technical reviewers of this manuscript. This work was conducted, in part, while H. M. was a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate at the U. S. Geological Survey (2005-2006). NR 50 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1561 EP 1577 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0429-4 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 508ZV UT WOS:000270980700002 ER PT J AU Nishikawa, T Siade, AJ Reichard, EG Ponti, DJ Canales, AG Johnson, TA AF Nishikawa, Tracy Siade, A. J. Reichard, E. G. Ponti, D. J. Canales, A. G. Johnson, T. A. TI Stratigraphic controls on seawater intrusion and implications for groundwater management, Dominguez Gap area of Los Angeles, California, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Coastal aquifers; Conceptual models; Numerical modeling; Salt-water/fresh-water relations; USA AB Groundwater pumping has led to extensive water-level declines and seawater intrusion in coastal Los Angeles, California (USA). A SUTRA-based solute-transport model was developed to test the hydraulic implications of a sequence-stratigraphic model of the Dominguez Gap area and to assess the effects of water-management scenarios. The model is two-dimensional, vertical and follows an approximate flow line extending from the Pacific Ocean through the Dominguez Gap area. Results indicate that a newly identified fault system can provide a pathway for transport of seawater and that a stratigraphic boundary located between the Bent Spring and Upper Wilmington sequences may control the vertical movement of seawater. Three 50-year water-management scenarios were considered: (1) no change in water-management practices; (2) installation of a slurry wall; and (3) raising inland water levels to 7.6 m above sea level. Scenario 3 was the most effective by reversing seawater intrusion. The effects of an instantaneous 1-m sea-level rise were also tested using water-management scenarios 1 and 3. Results from two 100-year simulations indicate that a 1-m sea-level rise may accelerate seawater intrusion for scenario 1; however, scenario 3 remains effective for controlling seawater intrusion. C1 [Nishikawa, Tracy; Siade, A. J.; Reichard, E. G.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Ponti, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Canales, A. G.] Inst Tecnol Sonora, Obregon 85000, Sonora, Mexico. [Johnson, T. A.] Water Replenishment Dist So Calif, Lakewood, CA 90712 USA. RP Nishikawa, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM tnish@usgs.gov RI Siade, Adam/A-7222-2013 OI Siade, Adam/0000-0003-3840-5874 FU US Geological Survey's Cooperative Research Program; Water Replenishment District of Southern California; US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology CABRILLO Project FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey's Cooperative Research Program, the Water Replenishment District of Southern California, and the US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology CABRILLO Project. The authors would like to thank the following for contributing to the improvement of the paper: W. Sanford, B. Edwards, P. Renard, C. Gallo, R. Rossetto, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1699 EP 1725 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0481-8 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 508ZV UT WOS:000270980700012 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Bushon, RN Brady, AMG Bertke, EE Kephart, CM Likirdopulos, CA Mailot, BE Schaefer, FW Lindquist, HD AF Francy, D. S. Bushon, R. N. Brady, A. M. G. Bertke, E. E. Kephart, C. M. Likirdopulos, C. A. Mailot, B. E. Schaefer, F. W., III Lindquist, H. D. Alan TI Comparison of traditional and molecular analytical methods for detecting biological agents in raw and drinking water following ultrafiltration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological agents; drinking water; qPCR; rapid detection; ultrafiltration ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; SAMPLES; RECOVERY; QUANTIFICATION; BIOTERRORISM; PARVUM AB Aims: To compare the performance of traditional methods to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for detecting five biological agents in large-volume drinking-water samples concentrated by ultrafiltration (UF). Methods and Results: Drinking-water samples (100 l) were seeded with Bacillus anthracis, Cryptospordium parvum, Francisella tularensis, Salmonella Typhi, and Vibrio cholerae and concentrated by UF. Recoveries by traditional methods were variable between samples and between some replicates; recoveries were not determined by qPCR. Francisella tularensis and V. cholerae were detected in all 14 samples after UF, B. anthracis was detected in 13, and C. parvum was detected in 9 out of 14 samples. Numbers found by qPCR after UF were significantly or nearly related to those found by traditional methods for all organisms except for C. parvum. A qPCR assay for S. Typhi was not available. Conclusions: qPCR can be used to rapidly detect biological agents after UF as well as traditional methods, but additional work is needed to improve qPCR assays for several biological agents, determine recoveries by qPCR, and expand the study to other areas. Significance and Impact of the Study: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the use of traditional and qPCR methods to detect biological agents in large-volume drinking-water samples. C1 [Francy, D. S.; Bushon, R. N.; Brady, A. M. G.; Bertke, E. E.; Kephart, C. M.; Likirdopulos, C. A.; Mailot, B. E.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Schaefer, F. W., III; Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1479 EP 1491 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04329.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 504ZV UT WOS:000270658100008 PM 19426268 ER PT J AU Boehm, AB Griffith, J McGee, C Edge, TA Solo-Gabriele, HM Whitman, R Cao, Y Getrich, M Jay, JA Ferguson, D Goodwin, KD Lee, CM Madison, M Weisberg, SB AF Boehm, A. B. Griffith, J. McGee, C. Edge, T. A. Solo-Gabriele, H. M. Whitman, R. Cao, Y. Getrich, M. Jay, J. A. Ferguson, D. Goodwin, K. D. Lee, C. M. Madison, M. Weisberg, S. B. TI Faecal indicator bacteria enumeration in beach sand: a comparison study of extraction methods in medium to coarse sands SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E; coli; enterococci; faecal bacteria; sand ID MARINE RECREATIONAL WATER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENT; CALIFORNIA; SEPARATION; ORGANISMS; SURVIVAL AB Aims: The absence of standardized methods for quantifying faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in sand hinders comparison of results across studies. The purpose of the study was to compare methods for extraction of faecal bacteria from sands and recommend a standardized extraction technique. Methods and Results: Twenty-two methods of extracting enterococci and Escherichia coli from sand were evaluated, including multiple permutations of hand shaking, mechanical shaking, blending, sonication, number of rinses, settling time, eluant-to-sand ratio, eluant composition, prefiltration and type of decantation. Tests were performed on sands from California, Florida and Lake Michigan. Most extraction parameters did not significantly affect bacterial enumeration. anova revealed significant effects of eluant composition and blending; with both sodium metaphosphate buffer and blending producing reduced counts. Conclusions: The simplest extraction method that produced the highest FIB recoveries consisted of 2 min of hand shaking in phosphate-buffered saline or deionized water, a 30-s settling time, one-rinse step and a 10 : 1 eluant volume to sand weight ratio. This result was consistent across the sand compositions tested in this study but could vary for other sand types. Significance and Impact of the Study: Method standardization will improve the understanding of how sands affect surface water quality. C1 [Boehm, A. B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Griffith, J.; Cao, Y.; Ferguson, D.; Madison, M.; Weisberg, S. B.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [McGee, C.] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. [Edge, T. A.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Solo-Gabriele, H. M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Whitman, R.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN USA. [Getrich, M.] Orange Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Newport Beach, CA USA. [Jay, J. A.; Lee, C. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Goodwin, K. D.] Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Stationed SWFSC, Miami, FL USA. RP Boehm, AB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 473 Via Ortega,Room 189,MC 4020, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aboehm@stanford.edu RI Griffith, John/B-6110-2011; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU NSF [BES-0641406, OCE0432368]; NIEHS [P50 ES12736] FX ABB was supported in part by NSF CAREER award (BES-0641406). HSG was supported in part by the NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF OCE0432368; NIEHS P50 ES12736). We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments to improve the manuscript. NR 26 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1740 EP 1750 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04440.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 504ZV UT WOS:000270658100036 PM 19659700 ER PT J AU Filipe, AF Araujo, MB Doadrio, I Angermeier, PL Collares-Pereira, MJ AF Filipe, Ana F. Araujo, Miguel B. Doadrio, Ignacio Angermeier, Paul L. Collares-Pereira, Maria J. TI Biogeography of Iberian freshwater fishes revisited: the roles of historical versus contemporary constraints SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Assemblage composition; basin boundaries; biogeography; climate; dispersal; environment; freshwater fish; history; Iberian Peninsula ID TAGUS RIVER-BASIN; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; CONCLUDING REMARKS; PATTERNS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PENINSULA; CLIMATE AB Aim The question of how much of the shared geographical distribution of biota is due to environmental vs. historical constraints remains unanswered. The aim of this paper is to disentangle the contribution of historical vs. contemporary factors to the distribution of freshwater fish species. In addition, it illustrates how quantifying the contribution of each type of factor improves the classification of biogeographical provinces. Location Iberian Peninsula, south-western Europe (c. 581,000 km2). Methods We used the most comprehensive data on native fish distributions for the Iberian Peninsula, compiled from Portuguese and Spanish sources on a 20-km grid-cell resolution. Overall, 58 species were analysed after being categorized into three groups according to their ability to disperse through saltwater: (1) species strictly intolerant of saltwater (primary species); (2) species partially tolerant of saltwater, making limited incursions into saltwaters (secondary species); and (3) saltwater-tolerant species that migrate back and forth from sea to freshwaters or have invaded freshwaters recently (peripheral species). Distance-based multivariate analyses were used to test the role of historical (basin formation) vs. contemporary environmental (climate) conditions in explaining current patterns of native fish assemblage composition. Cluster analyses were performed to explore species co-occurrence patterns and redefine biogeographical provinces based on the distributions of fishes. Results River basin boundaries were better at segregating species composition for all species groups than contemporary climate variables. This historical signal was especially evident for primary and secondary freshwater fishes. Eleven biogeographical provinces were delineated. Basins flowing to the Atlantic Ocean north of the Tagus Basin and those flowing to the Mediterranean Sea north of the Mijares Basin were the most dissimilar group. Primary and secondary freshwater species had higher province fidelity than peripheral species. Main conclusions The results support the hypothesis that historical factors exert greater constraints on native freshwater fish assemblages in the Iberian Peninsula than do current environmental factors. After examining patterns of assemblage variation across space, as evidenced by the biogeographical provinces, we discuss the likely dispersal and speciation events that underlie these patterns. C1 [Filipe, Ana F.; Collares-Pereira, Maria J.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal. [Araujo, Miguel B.; Doadrio, Ignacio] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Araujo, Miguel B.] Univ Evora, Rui Nabeiro Biodivers Chair, Evora, Portugal. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Filipe, AF (reprint author), Fac Ciencias Lisboa, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM affilipe@fc.ul.pt RI Filipe, Ana Filipa/B-5573-2008; Collares-pereira, Maria Joao/M-6246-2013; Araujo, Miguel/B-6117-2008; OI Filipe, Ana Filipa/0000-0001-7862-2676; Collares-pereira, Maria Joao/0000-0002-8081-9539; Araujo, Miguel/0000-0002-5107-7265; Doadrio, Ignacio/0000-0003-4863-9711 FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/10330/2002]; IBERIA GAP [CGL2006-10196]; European Community; US Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute FX We are grateful to all who helped with field collections and those who facilitated data gathering, particularly Leonor Rogado at the ICN (Portuguese Nature Conservation Institute). We are also grateful to Pedro Segurado for GIS help. A.F.F, P.L.A. and M.J.C.-P. were supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/10330/2002 to A.F.F.). M.B.A. was supported by the IBERIA GAP project (CGL2006-10196, Spanish Ministry of Education and Science). The Synthesis Project (http://www.synthesys.info/) partially supported this research (under the European Community Research Infrastructure Action of the FP6 'Structuring the European Research Area' Programme). The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. The Portuguese Forest Resources Service (DGRF) provided the necessary fishing permits. NR 89 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2096 EP 2110 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02154.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 508BH UT WOS:000270901300010 ER PT J AU Brock, JC Purkis, SJ AF Brock, John C. Purkis, Samuel J. TI The Emerging Role of Lidar Remote Sensing in Coastal Research and Resource Management SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lidar; laser altimetry; remote sensing; coastal mapping; benthic habitats; storm hazards; shoreline change; dune vegetation ID BISCAYNE NATIONAL-PARK; FLORIDA REEF TRACT; AIRBORNE LIDAR; CORAL-REEF; IMAGERY; ASSEMBLAGES; BATHYMETRY; TOPOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; RUGOSITY AB Knowledge of coastal elevation is an essential requirement for resource management and scientific research. Recognizing the vast potential of lidar remote sensing in coastal studies, this Special Issue includes a collection of articles intended to represent the state-of-the-art for lidar investigations of nearshore submerged and emergent ecosystems, coastal morphodynamics, and hazards due to sea-level rise and severe storms. Some Current applications for lidar remote sensing described in this Special Issue include bluegreen wavelength lidar used for submarine coastal benthic environments such as coral reef ecosystems, airborne lidar used for shoreline mapping and coastal change detection, and temporal wave form-resolving lidar used for vegetation mapping. C1 [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, USGS Natl Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Purkis, Samuel J.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Brock, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Natl Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Mail Stop 915-B 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jbrock@usgs.gov; purkis@nova.edu RI Purkis, Sam/B-8552-2013 FU The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX J. Brock and S. Purkis gratefully acknowledge T. Burress for invaluable assistance in reference searching, management of manuscript reviews, typesetting, and very thorough text editing. The editors also thank L. Travers and E. Klipp for the preparation of figures and the preparation of manuscripts for publication. The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded the publication of this Special Issue as a component of the Decision Support for Coastal Science and Resource Management. NR 35 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 27 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.2112/SI53-001.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 525VJ UT WOS:000272244500001 ER PT J AU Zawada, DG Brock, JC AF Zawada, David G. Brock, John C. TI A Multiscale Analysis of Coral Reef Topographic Complexity Using Lidar-Derived Bathymetry SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coral reef roughness; fractal dimension; reef segmentation; zonation ID BISCAYNE NATIONAL-PARK; FRACTAL DIMENSION; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; ECOLOGICAL SCALES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FLORIDA; TRACT; LANDSCAPES; ALGORITHMS; MORTALITY AB Coral reefs represent one of the most irregular substrates in the marine environment. This roughness or topographic complexity is an important structural characteristic of reef habitats that affects a number of ecological and environmental attributes, including species diversity and water circulation. Little is known about the range of topographic complexity exhibited within a reef or between different reef systems. The objective of this study was to quantify topographic complexity for a 5-km x 5-km reefscape along the northern Florida Keys reef tract, over spatial scales ranging from meters to hundreds of meters. The underlying dataset was a 1-m spatial resolution, digital elevation model constructed from lidar measurements. Topographic complexity was quantified using a fractal algorithm, which provided a multi-scale characterization of reef roughness. The computed fractal dimensions (D) are a measure of substrate irregularity and are bounded between values of 2 and 3. Spatial patterns in D were positively correlated with known reef zonation in the area. Landward regions of the study site contain relatively smooth (D approximate to 2.35) flat-topped patch reefs, which give way to rougher (D approximate to 2.5), deep, knoll-shaped patch reefs. The seaward boundary contains a mixture of substrate features, including discontinuous shelf-edge reefs, and exhibits a corresponding range of roughness values (2.28 <= D <= 2.61). C1 [Zawada, David G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Brock, John C.] USGS Natl Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Zawada, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dzawada@usgs.gov; jbrock@usgs.gov RI Zawada, David/C-5209-2008 FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Marine and Geology Program FX We thank Clifford J. Hearn for his insightful comments and discussions about reef roughness and fractals. Greg Piniak, Nathaniel Plant, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews that significantly improved the manuscript. We also thank the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Marine and Geology Program for funding this research. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 21 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 SU 6 SI 53 BP 6 EP 15 DI 10.2112/SI53-002.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 525VJ UT WOS:000272244500002 ER PT J AU Gesch, DB AF Gesch, Dean B. TI Analysis of Lidar Elevation Data for Improved Identification and Delineation of Lands Vulnerable to Sea-Level Rise SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE accuracy assessment; digital elevation model; geospatial data; hazards; maps; uncertainty ID COASTAL ZONES; COVER AB The importance of sea-level rise in shaping coastal landscapes is well recognized within the earth science community, but as with many natural hazards, communicating the risks associated with sea-level rise remains a challenge. Topography is a key parameter that influences many of the processes involved in coastal change, and thus, up-to-date, high-resolution, high-accuracy elevation data are required to model the coastal environment. Maps of areas Subject to potential inundation have great utility to planners and managers concerned with the effects of sea-level rise. However, most of the maps produced to date are simplistic representations derived from older, coarse elevation data. In the last several years, vast amounts of high quality elevation data derived from lidar have become available. Because of their high vertical accuracy and spatial resolution, these lidar data are an excellent source of up-to-date information from which to improve identification and delineation of vulnerable lands. Four elevation datasets of varying resolution and accuracy were processed to demonstrate that the improved quality of lidar data leads to more precise delineation of coastal lands Vulnerable to inundation. A key component of the comparison was to calculate and account for the vertical uncertainty of the elevation datasets. This comparison shows that lidar allows for a Much more detailed delineation of the potential inundation zone when compared to other types of elevation models. It also shows how the certainty of the delineation of lands vulnerable to a given sea-level rise scenario is much improved when derived from higher resolution lidar data. C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gesch, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gesch@usgs.gov OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933 FU The USGS Director's Venture Capital Fund FX The USGS Director's Venture Capital Fund provided partial funding for this work. The efforts, assistance, and advice from Rob Thielet, Jeff Williams, Don Cahoon, Ben Gutierrez, and Eric Anderson oil the Venture Capital proposal and project, and on subsequent related activities, are gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 13 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 SU 6 SI 53 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.2112/SI53-006.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 525VJ UT WOS:000272244500006 ER PT J AU Stockdon, HF Doran, KS Sallenger, AH AF Stockdon, Hilary F. Doran, Kara S. Sallenger, Asbury H., Jr. TI Extraction of Lidar-Based Dune-Crest Elevations for Use in Examining the Vulnerability of Beaches to Inundation During Hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dune erosion; inundation; vulnerability; Fire Island ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; SHORELINE POSITION; FLORIDA AB The morphology of coastal sand dunes plays an important role in determining how a beach will respond to a hurricane. Accurate measurements of dune height and position are essential for assessing the vulnerability of beaches to extreme coastal change during future landfalls. Lidar topographic surveys provide rapid, accurate, high-resolution datasets for identifying the location, position, and morphology of coastal sand dunes over large stretches of coast. An algorithm has been developed for identification of the crest of the most seaward sand dune that defines the landward limit of the beach system. Based on changes in beach slope along cross-shore transects of lidar data, dune elevation and location can automatically be extracted every few meters along the coastline. Dune elevations in conjunction with storm-induced water levels can be used to predict the type of coastal response (e.g., beach erosion, dune erosion, overwash, or inundation) that may be expected during hurricane landfall. The vulnerability of the beach system at Fire Island National Seashore in New York to the most extreme of these changes, inundation, is assessed by comparing lidar-derived dune elevations to modeled wave setup and storm Surge height. The vulnerability of the beach system to inundation during landfall of a Category 3 hurricane is shown to be spatially variable because of longshore variations in dune height (mean elevation = 5.44 m, standard deviation = 1.32 m). Hurricane-induced mean water levels exceed dune elevations along 70% of the coastal park, making these locations more Vulnerable to inundation during a Category 3 storm. C1 [Stockdon, Hilary F.; Doran, Kara S.; Sallenger, Asbury H., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Doran, Kara S.] Jacobs Technol Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Stockdon, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hstockdon@usgs.gov OI Doran, Kara/0000-0001-8050-5727; Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 24 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.2112/SI53-007.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 525VJ UT WOS:000272244500007 ER PT J AU Stoker, JM Tyler, DJ Turnipseed, DP Van Wilson, K Oimoen, MJ AF Stoker, Jason M. Tyler, Dean J. Turnipseed, D. Phil Van Wilson, K., Jr. Oimoen, Michael J. TI Integrating Disparate Lidar Datasets for a Regional Storm Tide Inundation Analysis of Hurricane Katrina SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lidar; data; Hurricane Katrina; digital elevation models; storm tide; Northern Gulf of Mexico AB Hurricane Katrina was one of the largest natural disasters in U.S. history. Due to the sheer size of the affected areas, all unprecedented regional analysis at very high resolution and accuracy was needed to properly quantify and understand the effects of the hurricane and the storm tide. Many disparate sources of lidar data were acquired and processed for varying environmental reasons by pre- and post-Katrina projects. The datasets were in several formats and projections and were processed to varying phases of completion, and as a result the task of producing a seamless digital elevation dataset required a high level of coordination, research, and revision. To create a seamless digital elevation dataset, many technical issues had to be resolved before producing the desired 1/9-arc-second (3meter) grid needed as the map base for projecting the Katrina peak storm tide throughout the affected coastal region. This report presents the methodology that was developed to construct seamless digital elevation datasets from multipurpose, multi-use, and disparate lidar datasets, and describes air easily accessible Web application for viewing the maximum storm tide caused by Hurricane Katrina in southeastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. C1 [Stoker, Jason M.; Oimoen, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Turnipseed, D. Phil] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Van Wilson, K., Jr.] US Geol Survey, MS Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. RP Stoker, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jstoker@usgs.gov OI Tyler, Dean/0000-0002-1542-7539; Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.2112/SI53-008.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 525VJ UT WOS:000272244500008 ER PT J AU Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M Nayegandhi, A Brock, J Woodman, R Wright, CW AF Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica Nayegandhi, Amar Brock, John Woodman, Robert Wright, C. Wayne TI Evaluation of Airborne Lidar Data to Predict Vegetation Presence/Absence SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lidar; EAARL; vegetation metrics; vegetation classification; bare earth; general linear models; generalized additive models ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; REGRESSION SPLINES; NONPARAMETRIC APPROACH; SPATIAL PREDICTION; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; LINEAR-MODELS; PLANT ECOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; GAP ANALYSIS AB This study evaluates the capabilities of the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) in delineating vegetation assemblages in Jean Lafitte National Park, Louisiana. Five-meter-resolution grids of bare earth, canopy height, canopy-reflection ratio, and height of median energy were derived from EAARL data acquired in September 2006. Ground-truth data were collected along transects to assess species composition, canopy cover, and ground cover. To decide which model is more accurate, comparisons of general linear models and generalized additive models were conducted using conventional evaluation methods (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, Kappa statistics, and area under the curve) and two new indexes, net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. Generalized additive models were superior to general linear models in modeling presence/absence in training vegetation categories, but no statistically significant differences between the two models were achieved in determining the classification accuracy at validation locations using conventional evaluation methods, although statistically significant improvements in net reclassifications were observed. C1 [Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica; Nayegandhi, Amar] US Geol Survey, Florida Interated Sci Ctr, Jacobs Technol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Brock, John] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Woodman, Robert] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory Monitoring Program, Gulf Coast Network, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Interated Sci Ctr, Jacobs Technol, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM mpal@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.2112/S153-010.1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 525VJ UT WOS:000272244500010 ER PT J AU Martin, BA Saiki, MK Fong, D AF Martin, Barbara A. Saiki, Michael K. Fong, Darren TI HABITAT REQUIREMENTS OF THE ENDANGERED CALIFORNIA FRESHWATER SHRIMP (SYNCARIS PACIFICA) IN LAGUNITAS AND OLEMA CREEKS, MARIN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, USA SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California freshwater shrimp; endangered species; environmental limiting factors; habitat requirements; Syncaris pacifica ID AMMONIA AB This study was conducted to better understand the habitat requirements and environmental limiting factors of Syncaris pacifica, the California freshwater shrimp. This federally listed endangered species is native to perennial lowland streams in a few watersheds in northern California. Field sampling occurred in Lagunitas and Olema creeks at seasonal intervals from February 2003 to November 2004. Ten glides, five pools, and five riffles served as fixed sampling reaches, with eight glides, four pools, and four riffles located in Lagunitas Creek and the remainder in Olema Creek. A total of 1773 S. pacifica was counted during this study, all of which were captured along vegetated banks in Lagunitas Creek. Syncaris pacifica was most numerous in glides (64%), then in pools (31%), and lastly in riffles (5%). According to logistic regression analysis, S. pacifica was mostly associated with submerged portions of streambank vegetation (especially overhanging vegetation such as ferns and blackberries, emergent vegetation Such as sedge and brooklime, and fine roots associated with water hemlock, willow, sedge, and blackberries) along with low water current velocity and a sandy substrate. These seemingly favorable habitat conditions for S. pacifica were present in glides and pools in Lagunitas Creek, but not in Olema Creek. C1 [Martin, Barbara A.; Saiki, Michael K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Fong, Darren] Natl Pk Serv, Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, Ft Cronkhite Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Martin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov; michael_saiki@usgs.gov; darren_fong@nps.gov FU USGS Park Oriented Biological Support Program FX We thank the National Park Service, especially the Point Reyes National Seashore, for logistical support during this study. We also thank F. Mejia, A. Story, M. Langsner, E. Caceres, M. Farinha, J. Martini-Lamb, and D. Cook for assisting with field and laboratory work; and F. Mejia, A. Story, M. Langsner, and E. Caceres for creating computerized data sets, and J. Yee for statistical advice. This study was funded mostly by the USGS Park Oriented Biological Support Program. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.1651/08-3134.1 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 511LM UT WOS:000271166700017 ER PT J AU Riginos, C Grace, JB Augustine, DJ Young, TP AF Riginos, Corinna Grace, James B. Augustine, David J. Young, Truman P. TI Local versus landscape-scale effects of savanna trees on grasses SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acacia drepanolobium; forage quality; Laikipia; nitrogen; phosphorus; rangeland; scaling up; tree-grass interactions ID SOUTHERN AFRICAN SAVANNAS; SEMIARID SAVANNA; HYDRAULIC LIFT; LAND-USE; HETEROGENEITY; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION; ACACIA; RANGELAND; HERBIVORE AB P> Savanna ecosystems - defined by the coexistence of trees and grasses - cover more than one-fifth the world's land surface and harbour most of the world's rangelands, livestock and large mammal diversity. Savanna trees can have a variety of effects on grasses, with consequences for the wild and domestic herbivores that depend on them. Studies of these effects have focused on two different spatial scales. At the scale of individual trees, many studies have shown net positive effects of trees on sub-canopy grass nutrient concentrations and biomass. At the landscape scale, other studies have shown negative effects of high tree densities on grass productivity. These disparate results have led to different conclusions about the effects of trees on forage quality and ungulate nutrition in savannas. We integrate these approaches by examining the effects of trees on grasses at both spatial scales and across a range of landscape-scale tree densities. We quantified grass biomass, species composition and nutrient concentrations in these different contexts in an Acacia drepanolobium savanna in Laikipia, Kenya. Individual trees had positive effects on grass biomass, most likely because trees enrich soil nitrogen. Grass leaf phosphorus in sub-canopy areas, however, was depressed. The effects of individual trees could explain the effects of increasing landscape-scale tree cover for the biomass of only two of the four dominant grass species. The negative effects of trees on grass and soil phosphorus, combined with depressed grass productivity in areas of high tree cover, suggest that ungulate nutrition may be compromised in areas with many trees. Synthesis. We conclude that few, isolated trees may have positive local effects on savanna grasses and forage, but in areas of high tree density the negative landscape-scale effects of trees are likely to outweigh these positive effects. In savannas and other patchy landscapes, attempts to predict the consequences of changes in patch abundances for ecosystem services (e.g. rangeland productivity and carbon sequestration) will depend on our understanding of the extent to which local, patch-scale dynamics do or do not predict landscape-scale dynamics. C1 [Riginos, Corinna; Young, Truman P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riginos, Corinna; Young, Truman P.] Mpala Res Ctr, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Riginos, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM criginos@princeton.edu RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 FU National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation LTREB [03-16402]; USGS Global Climate Change Program; US Government. FX We are most grateful to Jackson Ekadeli, John Lochukuya, John Mpaiyan and Frederick Erii for their assistance in the field. We thank Peter and Priscilla Jessel for allowing us to work on the Jessel Ranch and the Mpala Wildlife Foundation and Research Centre staff for supporting our work at the Mpala Research Centre. Maureen Stanton, Lauren McGeoch, Jennifer Burt, Anna Treydte and two anonymous referees provided valuable insights and comments on this work. Research was funded by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant to C.R., a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to C.R. and a National Science Foundation LTREB (03-16402) to T.P.Y. Partial support was provided by the USGS Global Climate Change Program. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work complied with the laws of the Government of Kenya. NR 51 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1337 EP 1345 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01563.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 506PH UT WOS:000270787100024 ER PT J AU Nevers, MB Shively, DA Kleinheinz, GT McDermott, CM Schuster, W Chomeau, V Whitman, RL AF Nevers, Meredith B. Shively, Dawn A. Kleinheinz, Gregory T. McDermott, Colleen M. Schuster, William Chomeau, Vinni Whitman, Richard L. TI Geographic Relatedness and Predictability of Escherichia coli along a Peninsular Beach Complex of Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NEARSHORE WATER; CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; CHICAGO; SAND; PERSISTENCE; ENTEROCOCCI; CLOSURES AB To determine more accurately the real-time concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in beach water, predictive modeling has been applied in several location around the Great Lakes to individual or small groups of similar beaches. Using 24 beaches in Door County, Wisconsin, we attempted to expand predictive models to multiple beaches of complex geography. We examined the importance of geographic location and independent variables and the consequential limitations for potential beach or beach group models. An analysis of Escherichia coli populations over 4 yr revealed a geographic gradient to the beaches, with mean E. coli concentrations decreasing with increasing distance from the city of Sturgeon Bay. Beaches grouped strongly by water type (lake, bay, Sturgeon Bay) and proximity to one another, followed by presence of a storm or creek outfall or amount of shoreline enclosure. Predictive models developed of beach groups commonly included wave height and cumulative 48-h rainfall but generally explained little E. coli variation (adj. R(2) = 0.19-0.36). Generally low concentrations of E. coli at the beaches influenced the effectiveness of model results presumably because of low signal-to-noise ratios and the rarity of elevated concentrations. Our results highlight the importance of the sensitivity of regressors and the need for careful methods evaluation. Despite the attractiveness of predictive models as an alternative beach monitoring approach it is likely that FIB fluctuations at some beaches defy simple prediction approaches. Regional, multi-beach, and individual beach predictive models should be explored a longside other techniques for improving monitoring reliability at Great Lakes beaches. C1 [Nevers, Meredith B.; Shively, Dawn A.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Kleinheinz, Gregory T.; McDermott, Colleen M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Schuster, William; Chomeau, Vinni] Door Cty Soil & Water Conservat Dept, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Nevers, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM mnevers@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X FU US EPA BEACH Act funds FX The authors thank Rhonda Kohlberg, Health Officer and the rest of the Door County Health Department for their support and input during this project; Jean Adams, USGS, for statistical advice; and Tom Haight, Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department, for GIS support. Funding for the field work was provided via US EPA BEACH Act funds. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1538 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2357 EP 2364 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400021 PM 19875791 ER PT J AU Hristov, AN Zaman, S Pol, MV Ndegwa, P Campbell, L Silva, S AF Hristov, Alexander N. Zaman, Shah Pol, Mike Vander Ndegwa, Pius Campbell, Larry Silva, Steven TI Nitrogen Losses from Dairy Manure Estimated Through Nitrogen Mass Balance and Chemical Markers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MILK PROTEIN YIELD; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; COWS; EMISSIONS; N-15; DELTA-N-15; MANAGEMENT AB Ammonia is an important air and water pollutant, but the spatial variation in its concentrations presents technical difficulties in accurate determination of ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between ammonia volatilization and delta(15)N of dairy manure and the feasibility of estimating ammonia losses from a dairy facility using chemical markers. In Exp. 1, the N/P ratio in manure decreased by 30% in 14 d as cumulative ammonia losses increased exponentially. Delta (15)N of manure increased throughout the course of the experiment and delta(15)N of emitted ammonia increased (p < 0.001) quadratically from -31 parts per thousand to -15 parts per thousand. The relationship between cumulative ammonia losses and delta(15)N of manure was highly significant (p < 0.001; r(2) = 0.76). In Exp. 2, using a mass balance approach, approximately half of the N excreted by dairy cows (Bos taurus) could not be accounted for in 24 h. Using N/P and N/K ratios in fresh and 24-h manure, an estimated 0.55 and 0.34 (respectively) of the N excreted with feces and urine could not be accounted for. This study demonstrated that chemical markers (P, K) can be successfully used to estimate ammonia losses from cattle manure. The relationship between manure delta(15)N and cumulative ammonia loss may also be useful for estimating ammonia losses. Although promising, the latter approach needs to be further studied and verified in various experimental conditions and in the field. C1 [Hristov, Alexander N.] Penn State Univ, Dep Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zaman, Shah; Pol, Mike Vander; Campbell, Larry] Univ Idaho, Dep Anim & Vet Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ndegwa, Pius] Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn Dep, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Silva, Steven] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hristov, AN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dep Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM anh13@psu.edu NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2438 EP 2448 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0057 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400030 PM 19875800 ER PT J AU Davidsen, JG Rikardsen, AH Halttunen, E Thorstad, EB Okland, F Letcher, BH Skardhamar, J Naesje, TF AF Davidsen, J. G. Rikardsen, A. H. Halttunen, E. Thorstad, E. B. Okland, F. Letcher, B. H. Skardhamar, J. Naesje, T. F. TI Migratory behaviour and survival rates of wild northern Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts: effects of environmental factors SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic telemetry; diurnal migration; horizontal distribution; migratory speed; Program MARK; sea entry ID NORWEGIAN FJORD SYSTEM; MARKED ANIMALS; RIVER TANA; SEA-TROUT; ESTUARY; PREDATION; NORWAY; TRANSMITTERS; ORIENTATION; POSTSMOLTS AB To study smolt behaviour and survival of a northern Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population during river descent, sea entry and fjord migration, 120 wild S. salar were tagged with acoustic tags and registered at four automatic listening station arrays in the mouth of the north Norwegian River Alta and throughout the Alta Fjord. An estimated 75% of the post-smolts survived from the river mouth, through the estuary and the first 17 km of the fjord. Survival rates in the fjord varied with fork length (L(F)), and ranged from 97.0 to 99.5% km(-1). On average, the post-smolts spent 1.5 days (36 h, range 11-365 h) travelling from the river mouth to the last fjord array, 31 km from the river mouth. The migratory speed was slower (1.8 L(F) s(-1)) in the first 4 km after sea entry compared with the next 27 km (3.0 L(F) s(-1)). Post-smolts entered the fjord more often during the high or ebbing tide (70%). There was no clear diurnal migration pattern within the river and fjord, but most of the post-smolts entered the fjord at night (66%, 2000-0800 hours), despite the 24 h daylight at this latitude. The tidal cycle, wind-induced currents and the smolts' own movements seemed to influence migratory speeds and routes in different parts of the fjord. A large variation in migration patterns, both in the river and fjord, might indicate that individuals in stochastic estuarine and marine environments are exposed to highly variable selection regimes, resulting in different responses to environmental factors on both temporal and spatial scales. Post-smolts in the northern Alta Fjord had similar early marine survival rates to those observed previously in southern fjords; however, fjord residency in the north was shorter. C1 [Davidsen, J. G.; Rikardsen, A. H.; Halttunen, E.; Skardhamar, J.] Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Thorstad, E. B.; Okland, F.; Naesje, T. F.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Letcher, B. H.] USGS BRD, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Davidsen, JG (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM jan.davidsen@uit.no FU Norwegian Research Council [171601/S40, 183992/S30]; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Norwegian College of Fishery Science FX This study was possible due to financial support from the Norwegian Research Council (mainly project no 171601/S40, while E. B. T. was supported by project no. 183992/S30), the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research and the Norwegian College of Fishery Science. The Crew onboard the R. V. Johan Ruud, the staff at Alta Laksefiskeri Interessentskap (ALI), A. Suhr, A. Grimsrud Davidsen, C. Chittenden, J. Jensen, I. Serrano and S. Tonnessen are thanked for extensive help during the field work. The manuscript benefited from comments by two anonymous referees. The experimental procedures used conform to national ethical requirements and were approved by the Norwegian National Animal Research Authority. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1700 EP 1718 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02423.x PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 528JT UT WOS:000272441000013 PM 20738643 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, T. L. Congleton, J. L. TI Preliminary examination of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of wild origin sampled from transport barges SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; dam passage; HUFA; lipid peroxidation; vitamin E ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; OXYGEN-FREE-RADICALS; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; COHO SALMON; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FRESH-WATER; VITAMIN-E; HATCHERY ORIGIN; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ASCORBIC-ACID AB Migrating juvenile wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, collected and loaded onto transport barges at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, were sampled from barges at John Day Dam, 348 km downstream, at 5 day intervals beginning in late April and ending in late May. An increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in vitamin E in liver were observed from early to late in the barge transportation season. These changes seemed unrelated to changes in plasma cortisol or corresponding glucose levels, which declined from early to late in the season, or the concentration of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) concentrations in tissue but may be related to water temperature, which increased during the transport season, or other changes associated with the parr-smolt transformation. C1 [Welker, T. L.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Congleton, J. L.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM thomas.welker@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1895 EP 1905 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02433.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 528JT UT WOS:000272441000028 PM 20738658 ER PT J AU Ramsay, JM Watral, V Schreck, CB Kent, ML AF Ramsay, J. M. Watral, V. Schreck, C. B. Kent, M. L. TI Husbandry stress exacerbates mycobacterial infections in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cortisol; diffuse infections; husbandry stress; Mycobacteria; zebrafish ID BOVIS-INDUCED INFECTION; RESEARCH FACILITIES; ORNAMENTAL FISH; HANDLING STRESS; RAINBOW-TROUT; IN-VITRO; MARINUM; TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE; CORTISOL AB Mycobacteria are significant pathogens of laboratory zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton). Stress is often implicated in clinical disease and morbidity associated with mycobacterial infections but has yet to be examined with zebrafish. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of husbandry stressors on zebrafish infected with mycobacteria. Adult zebrafish were exposed to Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium chelonae, two species that have been associated with disease in zebrafish. Infected fish and controls were then subjected to chronic crowding and handling stressors and examined over an 8-week period. Whole-body cortisol was significantly elevated in stressed fish compared to non-stressed fish. Fish infected with M. marinum ATCC 927 and subjected to husbandry stressors had 14% cumulative mortality while no mortality occurred among infected fish not subjected to husbandry stressors. Stressed fish, infected with M. chelonae H1E2 from zebrafish, were 15-fold more likely to be infected than non-stressed fish at week 8 post-injection. Sub-acute, diffuse infections were more common among stressed fish infected with M. marinum or M. chelonae than non-stressed fish. This is the first study to demonstrate an effect of stress and elevated cortisol on the morbidity, prevalence, clinical disease and histological presentation associated with mycobacterial infections in zebrafish. Minimizing husbandry stress may be effective at reducing the severity of outbreaks of clinical mycobacteriosis in zebrafish facilities. C1 [Ramsay, J. M.; Watral, V.; Kent, M. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramsay, J. M.; Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, M. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kent, ML (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM michael.kent@oregonstate.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NIH NCRR 5R24RR017386-02, NIH NCRR P40 RR12546-03S1] FX The authors thank Martha Barr and Brenna Barr for assistance with fish care and Dr Christopher Whipps for advice on mycobacterial culture and strains. The authors thank Drs Monte Westerfield, John Leatherland and Dixon Landers for their review of the manuscript. This study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH NCRR 5R24RR017386-02 and NIH NCRR P40 RR12546-03S1). NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 32 IS 11 BP 931 EP 941 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01074.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 508BI UT WOS:000270901400003 PM 19531062 ER PT J AU Cronin, MA Amstrup, SC Talbot, SL Sage, GK Amstrup, KS AF Cronin, Matthew A. Amstrup, Steven C. Talbot, Sandra L. Sage, George K. Amstrup, Kristin S. TI Genetic Variation, Relatedness, and Effective Population Size of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE polar bear; microsatellite DNA; Alaska Beaufort Sea; Ursus maritimus; parentage; relatedness; effective population size-N(e) ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GRIZZLY BEARS; LARGE MAMMALS; BROWN BEARS; MARKERS; URSIDAE; ARCTOS AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are unique among bears in that they are adapted to the Arctic sea ice environment. Genetic data are useful for understanding their evolution and can contribute to management. We assessed parentage and relatedness of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska, with genetic data and field observations of age, sex, and mother-offspring and sibling relationships. Genotypes at 14 microsatellite DNA loci for 226 bears indicate that genetic variation is comparable to other populations of polar bears with mean number of alleles per locus of 7.9 and observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.71. The genetic data verified 60 field-identified mother-offspring pairs and identified 10 additional mother-cub pairs and 48 father-offspring pairs. The entire sample of related and unrelated bears had a mean pairwise relatedness index (r(xy)) of approximately zero, parent-offspring and siblings had r(xy) of approximately 0.5, and 5.2% of the samples had r(xy) values within the range expected for parent-offspring. Effective population size (N(e) = 277) and the ratio of N(e) to total population size (N(e)/N = 0.182) were estimated from the numbers of reproducing males and females. N(e) estimates with genetic methods gave variable results. Our results verify and expand field data on reproduction by females and provide new data on reproduction by males and estimates of relatedness and N(e) in a polar bear population. C1 [Cronin, Matthew A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Amstrup, Steven C.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Sage, George K.; Amstrup, Kristin S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Cronin, MA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, 533 E Fireweed Ave, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM ffmac1@uaf.edu RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011; Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012 FU U.S. Geological Survey; State of Alaska, BP Exploration Alaska, Inc.; Canadian Wildlife Service; Northwest Territories Wildlife Service; Alaskan North Slope Borough; Inuvialuit Game Council of Canada; Conoco-Phillips, Inc.; Exxon Mobil Production Company Inc FX U.S. Geological Survey for data collection and analyses; State of Alaska, BP Exploration Alaska, Inc.; the Canadian Wildlife Service; the Northwest Territories Wildlife Service; the Alaskan North Slope Borough; the Inuvialuit Game Council of Canada, Conoco-Phillips, Inc.; and the Exxon Mobil Production Company Inc. NR 70 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 100 IS 6 BP 681 EP 690 DI 10.1093/jhered/esp061 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 520CN UT WOS:000271817600003 PM 19633212 ER PT J AU James-Pirri, MJ Ginsberg, HS Erwin, RM Taylor, J AF James-Pirri, Mary-Jane Ginsberg, Howard S. Erwin, R. Michael Taylor, Janith TI Effects of Open Marsh Water Management on Numbers of Larval Salt Marsh Mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE open water marsh management; mosquito production; salt marsh ID IMPACT; MASSACHUSETTS AB Open marsh water management (OMWM) is a commonly used approach to manage salt marsh mosquitoes than can obviate the need for pesticide application and at the same time, partially restore natural functions of grid-ditched marshes. OMWM includes a variety of hydrologic manipulations, often tailored to the specific conditions on individual marshes, so the overall effectiveness of this approach is difficult to assess. Here, we report the results of controlled field trials to assess the effects of two approaches to OMWM on larval mosquito production at National Wildlife Refuges (NWR). A traditional OMWM approach, using pond construction and radial ditches was used at Edwin B. Forsythe NWR in New Jersey, and a ditch-plugging approach was used at Parker River NWR in Massachusetts. Mosquito larvae were sampled from randomly placed stations on paired treatment and control marshes at each refuge. The proportion of sampling stations that were wet declined after OMWM at the Forsythe site, but not at the Parker River site. The proportion of samples with larvae present and mean larval densities, declined significantly at the treatment sites on both refuges relative to the control marshes. Percentage of control for the 2 yr posttreatment, compared with the 2 yr pretreatment, was >90% at both treatment sites. C1 [James-Pirri, Mary-Jane] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Erwin, R. Michael] Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Taylor, Janith] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newington, NH 03801 USA. RP James-Pirri, MJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mjjp@gso.uri.edu FU USGS; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [1434-99 HQAG0023, 99023HS008] FX This study would not have been possible without the dedication and hard work of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife staff, volunteers, and affiliates who collected the field data. We are grateful for the cooperation of local mosquito control organizations that performed on the ground hydrologic alterations, assisted with larval mosquito identification, and provided insightful suggestions throughout the duration of the project. Thanks also are extended to the many graduate and undergraduate students at the University of Rhode Island who assisted with field sampling. Charles Roman and James Heltshe kindly provided invaluable assistance and insight. The manuscript was improved by the helpful suggestions of several reviewers. This project was funded by the USGS and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Cooperative Agreement 1434-99 HQAG0023, subagreement 99023HS008, to the University of Rhode Island. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1392 EP 1399 DI 10.1603/033.046.0620 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 517CW UT WOS:000271591800020 PM 19960686 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Cronin, TM Hunt, G Hodell, DA AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Cronin, Thomas M. Hunt, Gene Hodell, David A. TI DEEP-SEA OSTRACODS FROM THE SOUTH ATLANTIC SECTOR OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN DURING THE LAST 370,000 YEARS SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; PALAEOCEANOGRAPHICAL CHANGES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; WATER CIRCULATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; MAUD RISE; QUATERNARY; ASSEMBLAGES AB We report changes of deep-sea ostracod fauna during the last 370,000 yr from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 704A in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. The results show that faunal changes are coincident with glacial/interglacial-scale deep-water circulation changes, even though our dataset is relatively small and the waters are barren of ostracods until mid-MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 5. Krithe and Poseidonamicus were dominant during the Holocene interglacial period and the latter part of MIS 5, when this site was under the influence of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Conversely, Henryhowella and Legitimocythere were dominant during glacial periods, when this site was in the path of Circumpolar Deep Water (CPDW). Three new species (Aversovalva brandaoae, Poseidonamicus hisayoae, and Krithe mazziniae) are described herein. This is the first report of Quaternary glacial/interglacial scale deep-sea ostracod faunal changes in the Southern and South Atlantic Oceans, a key region for understanding Quaternary climate and deep-water circulation, although the paucity of Quaternary ostracods in this region necessitates further research. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hodell, David A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Godwin Lab Paleoclimate Res, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com; tcronin@usgs.gov; hunte@si.edu; dhod07@esc.cam.ac.uk RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0003-0990-1764 FU National Science Foundation; Japan Society; Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank the staff of the U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Earth Surface Processes Team and the Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, especially C. Sanford, for their support throughout this project; H. Okahashi for continuous support; S. Whittaker for help in SEM imaging; M.Florence for help in depositing type and figured specimens; K. A. VenZ-CLirtis for help with samples; S. N. Brandao for taxonomic input; and M. Robinson and J. Repetski for valuable cornments. This paper benefited from reviews by two anonymous referees and editing by S. Westrop. This research used samples provided by the Ocean Drilling Program. The Ocean Drilling Program is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and participating countries under the management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad, Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship, and Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship (to M.Y.). NR 84 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 83 IS 6 BP 914 EP 930 DI 10.1666/08-149.1 PG 17 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 522QG UT WOS:000272012800005 ER PT J AU Stevens, CH Stone, P AF Stevens, Calvin H. Stone, Paul TI NEW PERMIAN DURHAMINID CERIOID CORALS FROM EAST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Permian colonial corals from Artinskian to Kungurian strata in the Conglomerate Mesa area, Inyo Mountains, east-central California, include five new species, one of which is assigned to a new genus. The new taxa are: Malpaisia maceyi n. gen. and n. sp., Pararachnastraea bellula n. sp., P. delicata n. sp., P. owensensis n. sp., and Cordillerastraea inyoensis n. sp. These species, several of which compare most closely with other Artinskian and Kungurian species from eastern Nevada and northern Mexico, represent three distinct stocks that differentiated on an isolated submarine uplift offshore from the main part of the Cordilleran carbonate shelf. C1 [Stevens, Calvin H.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Stone, Paul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stevens, CH (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM stevens@geosun.sjsu.edu; pastone@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 83 IS 6 BP 946 EP 953 DI 10.1666/09-043.1 PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 522QG UT WOS:000272012800008 ER PT J AU Flint, M Patterson-Kane, JC Limpus, CJ Work, TM Blair, D Mills, PC AF Flint, Mark Patterson-Kane, Janet C. Limpus, Colin J. Work, Thierry M. Blair, David Mills, Paul C. TI Postmortem diagnostic investigation of disease in free-ranging marine turtle populations: a review of common pathologic findings and protocols SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Review DE Disease; marine turtles; mortality; necropsy; pathology ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; CUTANEOUS FIBROPAPILLOMAS AB Over the past few decades, there have been increasing numbers of reports of diseases in marine turtles. Furthermore, in recent years, there have been documented instances of apparently new diseases emerging in these species of which the etiology and/or pathogenesis remain unknown. These instances i) raise concern for the survival of marine turtles, and ii) question the health and stability of the benthic marine environments in which turtles live. Knowledge of common disease processes and pathologic changes in lesions, along with a standardized approach to postmortem and sample collection are required to document and understand the host-agent-environment interactions in marine turtle health. This review combines, for the first time, a standardized approach to the postmortem of marine turtles for veterinary clinicians, with a concurrent descriptive review of the gross and microscopic pathologic changes in lesions commonly seen. C1 [Flint, Mark; Patterson-Kane, Janet C.; Limpus, Colin J.; Mills, Paul C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Vet Marine Anim Res Teaching & Invest Unit, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Patterson-Kane, Janet C.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Vet Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. [Blair, David] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld, Australia. RP Flint, M (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Vet Marine Anim Res Teaching & Invest Unit, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM m.flint@uq.edu.au RI Blair, David/G-6052-2011; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Blair, David/0000-0002-4658-3251; Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts Marine Species Recovery and Protection; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority FX This review was conducted as part of a joint Department of Environment and Resource Management Queensland Turtle Conservation Project and a University of Queensland Veterinary-Marine Animal Research, Teaching and investigation project. The authors thank Dr. Judy St Leger, Sea World (San Diego, CA) and Dr. Jon Hanger, Australia Zoo (Beerwah, Australia) for their constructive comments on manuscript drafts. The research that provided the unpublished findings presented in this review was funded by an Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts Marine Species Recovery and Protection Grants Programme grant and a grant from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. NR 155 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 733 EP 759 PG 27 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 519SU UT WOS:000271789100001 PM 19901275 ER PT J AU Douglas, AJ AF Douglas, Aaron J. TI Social, Political, and Institutional Setting: Water Management Problems of the Rio Grande SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID NEW-MEXICO; TEXAS AB This paper discusses various water management issues facing federal, state, and local agencies charged with managing the water resources of the Rio Grande River Basin and its major tributaries. The Rio Grande-3,058 km (=1,900 mi) long-is the fourth longest river in the United States. The river's basin is 870,236 km(2) (=336,000 mi(2)) and for roughly two-thirds of its length it forms the United States-Mexican border. It is a major recreational resource providing world class trout fishing near its headwaters in Colorado's San Juan Mountains and shoreline, angling, and boating opportunities near the Colorado-New Mexico border. The Rio Grande is the principal tourist attraction of Big Bend National Park and flows through downtown Albuquerque and El Paso. Many reaches are wide and broad, but almost all are relatively shallow and not navigable by commercial ships. Nevertheless, it is one of the most important renewable water resources of the southwestern United States and North America. The issue of the "manageability" of the river in the face of social forces and disparate administrative jurisdictions that adversely impact Rio Grande flows is a thread linking various sections of the paper together. The length of the river; the fact that major reaches lie in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas; and its unique role as an international boundary pose complex management problems. The allocation status quo formed by the complex nexus of existing river laws make it difficult to reshape Rio Grande management. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Douglas, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM aaron_douglas@usgs.gov NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 135 IS 6 BP 493 EP 501 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 508FG UT WOS:000270913800010 ER PT J AU Murrow, JL Clark, JD Delozier, EK AF Murrow, Jennifer L. Clark, Joseph D. Delozier, E. Kim TI Demographics of an Experimentally Released Population of Elk in Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; elk; mortality; population growth; population modeling; population viability; reproduction; southern Appalachians; survival ID TEMPORAL VARIATION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; MORTALITY; VARIANCE; MICHIGAN; RATES; SIZE; HERD AB We assessed the potential for reestablishing elk (Cervus elaphus) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), USA, by estimating vital rates of experimentally released animals from 2001 to 2006. Annual survival rates for calves ranged from 0.333 to 1.0 and averaged 0.592. Annual survival for subadult and adult elk (i.e., L1 yr of age) ranged from 0.690 to 0.933, depending on age and sex. We used those and other vital rates to model projected population growth and viability using a stochastic individual-based model. The annual growth rate (lambda) of the modeled population over a 25-year period averaged 0.996 and declined from 1.059 the first year to 0.990 at year 25. The modeled population failed to attain a positive 25-year mean growth rate in 46.0% of the projections. Poor calf recruitment was an important determinant of low population growth. Predation by black bears (Ursus americanus) was the dominant calf mortality factor. Most of the variance of growth projections was due to demographic variation resulting from the small population size (n = 61). Management actions such as predator control may help increase calf recruitment, but our projections suggest that the GSMNP elk population may be at risk for some time because of high demographic variation. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1261-1268; 2009) C1 [Murrow, Jennifer L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Delozier, E. Kim] Natl Pk Serv, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. RP Murrow, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu FU The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Great Smoky Mountains Association; National Park Service; United States Geological Survey; GSMNP; North Carolina Wildlife Resource Agency; The Eastern Band of Cherokee FX The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation was the major funding contributor for this study; we gratefully acknowledge their support. Additional funds were provided by Friends of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the Great Smoky Mountains Association, the National Park Service, and the United States Geological Survey. We acknowledge officials at Parks Canada (EINP) and the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service (LBL) for their cooperation and assistance in obtaining the elk for release. We thank all involved personnel from GSMNP, North Carolina Wildlife Resource Agency, and The Eastern Band of Cherokee for their cooperation and support. Specifically, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of W. Farmer, who provided valuable logistical assistance, and E. Ramsay for veterinary support. Finally, we thank B. Wear, S. Dobey, and J. Yarkovich, along with the many technicians, for their assistance. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1268 DI 10.2193/2008-573 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400002 ER PT J AU Tirpak, JM Jones-Farrand, DT Thompson, FR Twedt, DJ Baxter, CK Fitzgerald, JA Uihlein, WB AF Tirpak, John M. Jones-Farrand, D. Todd Thompson, Frank R., III Twedt, Daniel J. Baxter, Charles K. Fitzgerald, Jane A. Uihlein, William B., III TI Assessing Ecoregional-Scale Habitat Suitability Index Models for Priority Landbirds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; Central Hardwoods; ecoregion; Forest Inventory and Analysis; Habitat Suitability Index; landbird; National Land Cover Dataset; validation; verification; West Gulf Coastal Plain/Ouachitas ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; PREDICTION ERRORS; SPATIAL SCALES; FOREST; ABUNDANCE; ACCURACY AB Emerging methods in habitat and wildlife population modeling promise new horizons in conservation but only if these methods provide robust population-habitat linkages. We used Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data to verify and validate newly developed habitat suitability index (HSI) models for 40 priority landbird species in the Central Hardwoods and West Gulf Coastal Plain/Ouachitas Bird Conservation Regions. We considered a species' HSI model verified if there was a significant rank correlation between mean predicted HSI score and mean observed BBS abundance across the 88 ecological subsections within these Bird Conservation Regions. When we included all subsections, correlations verified 37 models. Models for 3 species were unverified. Rank correlations for an additional 5 species were not significant when analyses included only subsections with BBS abundance > 0. To validate models, we developed generalized linear models with mean observed BBS abundance as the response variable and mean HSI score and Bird Conservation Region as predictor variables. We considered verified models validated if the overall model was an improvement over an intercept-only null model and the coefficient on the HSI variable in the model was > 0. Validation provided a more rigorous assessment of model performance than verification, and models for 12 species that we verified failed validation. Species whose models failed validation were either poorly sampled by BBS protocols or associated with woodland and shrubland habitats embedded within predominantly open landscapes. We validated models for 25 species. Habitat specialists and species reaching their highest densities in predominantly forested landscapes were more likely to have validated models. In their current form, validated models are useful for conservation planning of priority landbirds and offer both insight into limiting factors at ecoregional scales and a framework for monitoring priority landbird populations from readily available national data sets. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1307-1315; 2009) C1 [Tirpak, John M.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Jones-Farrand, D. Todd] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Twedt, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Fitzgerald, Jane A.] Amer Bird Conservancy, Cent Hardwoods Joint Venture, Brentwood, MO 63144 USA. [Tirpak, John M.; Baxter, Charles K.; Uihlein, William B., III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tirpak, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM john_tirpak@fws.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 FU National Science Support Partnership grant through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey; Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank M. Hatfield, M. Nelson, and R. McRoberts with the United States Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis program for assistance with FIA data. C. Conzelmann, W. Dijak, H. He, A. Keister, S. Shifley, and B. Tirpak provided technical support. T. Jones, S. Sheriff, and W. Thogmartin provided insight into modeling issues and statistical considerations of the validation process. L. Brennan and 2 anonymous reviewers provided invaluable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by a National Science Support Partnership grant through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and United States Geological Survey. This is a contribution from the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Biological Resources Division of the United States Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, and Wildlife Management Institute, cooperating). NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1307 EP 1315 DI 10.2193/2008-125 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400007 ER PT J AU Henneman, C Andersen, DE AF Henneman, Carlene Andersen, David E. TI Occupancy Models of Nesting-Season Habitat Associations of Red-Shouldered Hawks in Central Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Buteo lineatus; habitat; landscape; Minnesota; occupancy; red-shouldered hawk ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; HOME-RANGE; BUTEO-LINEATUS; BROADCAST; SELECTION; MANAGEMENT; ONTARIO; ECOLOGY; REGION; FOREST AB Red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus) are a species of special conservation concern in much of the Great Lakes region, and apparent population declines are thought to be primarily due to habitat loss and alteration. To evaluate red-shouldered hawk-habitat associations during the nesting season and at the landscape scale, we conducted repeated call-broadcast surveys in central Minnesota, USA, across 3 landscapes that represented a range of landscape conditions as a result of differing management practices. In 2004, we conducted repeated call-broadcast surveys at 131 locations in 2 study areas, and in 2005, we surveyed 238 locations in 3 study areas. We developed models relating habitat characteristics at 2 spatial scales to red-shouldered hawk occupancy and assessed support for these models in an information-theoretic framework. Overall, a small proportion of nonforest (grass, clear-cut area, forest,5 yr old), and a large proportion of mature deciduous forest (> 40 yr old), had the strongest association with red-shouldered hawk occupancy (proportion of sites occupied) at both spatial scales. The landscape conditions we examined appeared to contain a habitat transition important to red-shouldered hawks. We found, in predominately forest landscapes, the amount of open habitat was most strongly associated with red-shouldered hawk occupancy, but in landscapes that included slightly less mature forest and more extensive open habitats, the extent of mature deciduous forest was most strongly associated with red-shouldered hawk occupancy. Our results suggested that relatively small (< 5 ha) patches of open habitat (clear-cuts) in otherwise forested landscapes did not appear to influence red-shouldered hawk occupancy. Whereas, in an otherwise similar landscape, with smaller amounts of mature deciduous forest and larger (> 15 ha) patches of open habitat, red-shouldered hawk occupancy decreased, suggesting a threshold in landscape composition, based on both the amount of mature forest and open area, is important in managing forest landscapes for red-shouldered hawks. Our results show that during the nesting season, red-shouldered hawks in central Minnesota occupy at similar rates landscapes with different habitat compositions resulting from different management strategies and that management strategies that create small openings may not negatively affect red-shouldered hawk occupancy. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1316-1324; 2009) C1 [Henneman, Carlene; Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Henneman, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM henn0292@umn.edu FU Camp Ripley Army National Guard Training Site; United States Geological Survey; Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit cooperators include the United States Geological Survey, MNDNR, University of Minnesota, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Our research was funded and supported by Camp Ripley Army National Guard Training Site. We especially thank M. Skoglund of the Camp Ripley Army National Guard Training Site and P. Perry, B. A. Belleman, B. Dirks, J. DeJong, and K. Woizeschke of MNDNR for assistance in coordinating research efforts at Camp Ripley. Stipend support for Carlene Henneman was provided through Camp Ripley Army National Guard Training Site and the United States Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. We appreciate the hard work of M. Awasthy, R. M. Richardson, and S. K. Roedl in assisting with surveys. R. J. Gutierrez, other committee members, M. E. Reiter, K. Titus, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive comments for improving this manuscript. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1316 EP 1324 DI 10.2193/2008-128 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400008 ER PT J AU Kolada, EJ Sedinger, JS Casazza, ML AF Kolada, Eric J. Sedinger, James S. Casazza, Michael L. TI Nest Site Selection by Greater Sage-Grouse in Mono County, California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; Centrocercus urophasianus; Great Basin; habitat selection; nesting; greater sage-grouse ID BROOD HABITAT USE; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; PREDATION; SUCCESS; POPULATION; MONTANA; OREGON AB Loss of nesting habitat is believed to be a factor in the decline of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) throughout its range. Few data are available for sage-grouse in Mono County, California, USA, in the most southwestern portion of the species' range. We studied habitat selection of nesting sage-grouse in Mono County, California, from 2003 to 2005 by capturing and radiotracking females to identify nesting locations. We sampled vegetation at nest sites and randomly selected sites within 200 m of nests and within each of 5 subareas within Mono County. Nest sites were characterized by 42.4 +/- 1.3% ((x) over bar +/- SE) shrub canopy cover, 10.5 +/- 1.0 cm residual grass height, and 2.7 +/- 1.0% residual grass cover. Shrub cover was the only variable found to differentiate nest sites from randomly selected sites. Unlike some other studies, we did not find understory vegetation to be important for selecting nest sites. Mean shrub cover was 38.7 +/- 1.5% at random sites within 200 m of nests and 33.6 +/- 1.6% at random sites at the approximate scale of home ranges, indicating that nesting females selected nesting areas that contained denser shrubs than their home range, and nest sites that contained greater shrub cover than the vicinity immediately surrounding nests. Our results suggest that managers should consider managing for greater shrub cover in Mono County than what is currently called for in other parts of sage-grouse range and that management for sage-grouse habitat may need to be tied more closely to local conditions. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1333-1340; 2009) C1 [Kolada, Eric J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Kolada, EJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.2193/2008-338 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400010 ER PT J AU Kolada, EJ Casazza, ML Sedinger, JS AF Kolada, Eric J. Casazza, Michael L. Sedinger, James S. TI Ecological Factors Influencing Nest Survival of Greater Sage-Grouse in Mono County, California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; Centrocercus urophasianus; Great Basin; Greater sage-grouse; nesting; nest survival; sage-grouse ID BROOD HABITAT USE; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; SITE SELECTION; SUCCESS; POPULATION; PREDATION; MONTANA; OREGON AB We studied nest survival of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in 5 subareas of Mono County, California, USA, from 2003 to 2005 to 1) evaluate the importance of key vegetation variables for nest success, and 2) to compare nest success in this population with other greater sage-grouse populations. We captured and radiotracked females (n = 72) to identify nest sites and monitor nest survival. We measured vegetation at nest sites and within a 10-m radius around each nest to evaluate possible vegetation factors influencing nest survival. We estimated daily nest survival and the effect of explanatory variables on daily nest survival using nest-survival models in Program MARK. We assessed effects on daily nest survival of total, sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), and nonsagebrush live shrub-cover, Robel visual obstruction, the mean of grass residual height and grass residual cover measurements within 10 m of the nest shrub, and area of the shrub, shrub height, and shrub type at the nest site itself. Assuming a 38-day exposure period, we estimated nest survival at 43.4%, with percent cover of shrubs other than sagebrush as the variable most related to nest survival. Nest survival increased with increasing cover of shrubs other than sagebrush. Also, daily nest survival decreased with nest age, and there was considerable variation in nest survival among the 5 subareas. Our results indicate that greater shrub cover and a diversity of shrub species within sagebrush habitats may be more important to sage- grouse nest success in Mono County than has been reported elsewhere. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1341-1347; 2009) C1 [Kolada, Eric J.; Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Kolada, EJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG); United States Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management FX We thank field technicians J. Felland, R. Montano, K. Nelson, B. Barbaree, K. Gagnon, S. Alofsin, and T. Skousen for field assistance. We also thank M. Farinha for her tireless work. We thank D. Blankenship, S. Gardner, D. Racine, and the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), United States Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management for support. We thank D. House and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. We also thank C. Overton and P. Barnes for analytical and logistical help. We extend special thanks to J. Fatooh, S. Nelson, A. Halford, and T. Taylor for providing local knowledge, help in the field, and insight into sage- grouse biology. We thank R. Haldeman and L. Fields of Quail Unlimited for financial and logistical help. We also send special thanks to the CDFG Air Services Unit in Sacramento, California. R. Morgan, W. Burnett, Jr., and R. VanBenthuysen all provided many hours of professional air support. We thank all the students and past students of the Sedinger lab for all their help on issues ranging from theory to statistical procedures. M. Miller and J. Yee provided reviews of early versions of the manuscript. C. E. Braun and L. D. Flake reviewed an earlier draft of the manuscript. We also thank J. Connelly and T. Apa for helpful reviews of the study plan. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1341 EP 1347 DI 10.2193/2008-339 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400011 ER PT J AU Norris, JL Chamberlain, MJ Twedt, DJ AF Norris, Jennifer L. Chamberlain, Michael J. Twedt, Daniel J. TI Effects of Wildlife Forestry on Abundance of Breeding Birds in Bottomland Hardwood Forests of Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; bottomland hardwood forests; distance methods; Louisiana; Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley; point counts; selective harvest; wildlife forestry ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; UNITED-STATES; SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT OPTIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT USE; COMMUNITIES; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; RESPONSES AB Effects of silvicultural activities on birds are of increasing interest because of documented national declines in breeding bird populations for some species and the potential that these declines are in part due to changes in forest habitat. Silviculturally induced disturbances have been advocated as a means to achieve suitable forest conditions for priority wildlife species in bottomland hardwood forests. We evaluated how silvicultural activities on conservation lands in bottomland hardwood forests of Louisiana, USA, influenced species-specific densities of breeding birds. Our data were from independent studies, which used standardized point-count surveys for breeding birds in 124 bottomland hardwood forest stands on 12 management areas. We used Program DISTANCE 5.0, Release 2.0 (Thomas et al. 2006) to estimate density for 43 species with > 50 detections. For 36 of those species we compared density estimates among harvest regimes (individual selection, group selection, extensive harvest, and no harvest). We observed 10 species with similar densities in those harvest regimes compared with densities in stands not harvested. However, we observed 10 species that were negatively impacted by harvest with greater densities in stands not harvested, 9 species with greater densities in individual selection stands, 4 species with greater densities in group selection stands, and 4 species with greater densities in stands receiving an extensive harvest (e.g., > 40% canopy removal). Differences in intensity of harvest influenced densities of breeding birds. Moreover, community-wide avian conservation values of stands subjected to individual and group selection, and stands not harvested, were similar to each other and greater than that of stands subjected to extensive harvest that removed > 40% canopy cover. These results have implications for managers estimating breeding bird populations, in addition to predicting changes in bird communities as a result of prescribed and future forest management practices. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1368-1379; 2009) C1 [Norris, Jennifer L.; Chamberlain, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Twedt, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Norris, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM Jennifer.Norris@dnr.state.oh.us OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 FU LDWF; USFWS; United States Geological Survey; School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University (LSU); LSU Agricultural Center; Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station [2008-241-1918] FX We appreciate the cooperation of J. Heltzel, S. King, P. Leberg, H. LeGrand, S. Somershoe, and K. Tolson who graciously provided data from point-count surveys. We appreciate comments provided by L. Brennan and 2 anonymous reviewers that improved the manuscript. Funding and support were provided by the LDWF, USFWS, United States Geological Survey, School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University (LSU), and LSU Agricultural Center. We thank J. Anthony, K. Ribbeck, and A. Ardoin of LDWF and Michael Kaller of LSU for support. This manuscript was approved for publication by the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript 2008-241-1918. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1368 EP 1379 DI 10.2193/2008-497 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400015 ER PT J AU Darrah, AJ Krementz, DG AF Darrah, Abigail J. Krementz, David G. TI Distribution and Habitat Use of King Rails in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi River Valleys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE distribution; habitat; Illinois; king rail; Missouri; occupancy; Rallus elegans; wetland ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; DETECTION PROBABILITY; BIRD ABUNDANCE; NEW-YORK; MARSH; VEGETATION; RACCOONS; WETLANDS AB The migratory population of the king rail (Rallus elegans) has declined dramatically during the past 40 years, emphasizing the need to identify habitat requirements of this species to help guide conservation efforts. To assess distribution and habitat use of king rails along the Illinois and Upper Mississippi valleys, USA, we conducted repeated call-broadcast surveys at 83 locations in 2006 and 114 locations in 2007 distributed among 21 study sites. We detected king rails at 12 survey locations in 2006 and 14 locations in 2007, illustrating the limited distribution of king rails in this region. We found king rails concentrated at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge, an adjacent private Wetlands Reserve program site, and B. K. Leach Conservation Area, which were located in the Mississippi River floodplain in northeast Missouri. Using Program PRESENCE, we estimated detection probabilities and built models to identify habitat covariates that were important in king rail site occupancy. Habitat covariates included percentage of cover by tall (> 1 m) and short (<= 1 m) emergent vegetation, percentage of cover of woody vegetation, and interspersion of water and vegetation ( 2007 only) within 50 m of the survey location. Detection probability was 0.43 (SE = 0.12) in 2006 and 0.35 (SE = 0.03) in 2007 and was influenced by observer identity and percentage of cover by tall herbaceous vegetation. Site occupancy was 0.11 (SE = 0.04) in 2006 and 0.14 (SE = 0.04) in 2007 and was negatively influenced most by percentage of cover by woody vegetation. In addition, we found that interspersion of vegetation and water was positively related to occupancy in 2007. Thus, nesting king rails used wetlands that were characterized by high water-vegetation interspersion and little or no cover by woody vegetation. Our results suggest that biologists can improve king rail habitat by implementing management techniques that reduce woody cover and increase vegetation-water interspersion in wetlands. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1380-1386; 2009) C1 [Darrah, Abigail J.; Krementz, David G.] 1 Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Darrah, AJ (reprint author), 1 Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM adarrah@uark.edu FU Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey-Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank C. F. Chambers, D. Ellis, C. Gregory, K. A. Pursley, A. L. Lagemann, J. Mabery, K. Dalrymple, B. Loges, and M. Flaspholer for their logistical and field support. We thank N. Booth, D. Tecic, G. Blackmore, T. Hobson, M. Sprenger, K. Manara, and S. Duckworth for logistical support. We thank G. R. Huxel, E. E. Gbur, S. Pierluissi, F. W. Weckerly, and 2 anonymous referees for reviewing an early version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the United States Geological Survey-Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or the United States Geological Survey. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1380 EP 1386 DI 10.2193/2008-561 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400016 ER PT J AU Lubow, BC Ransom, JI AF Lubow, Bruce C. Ransom, Jason I. TI Validating Aerial Photographic Mark-Recapture for Naturally Marked Feral Horses SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; Equus caballus; feral horse; heterogeneity; mark-recapture; population estimation; sighting probability; validation ID VISIBILITY BIAS; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; LINE-TRANSECT; ABUNDANCE; COUNT; MODEL; SHEEP AB Accurately estimating large mammal populations is a difficult challenge because species of interest often occupy vast areas and exhibit low and heterogeneous visibility. Population estimation techniques using aerial surveys and statistical design and analysis methods provide a means for meeting this challenge, yet they have only rarely been validated because wild populations of known size suitable for field tests are rare. Our study presents field validations of a photographic aerial mark-recapture technique that takes advantage of the recognizable natural markings on free-roaming feral horses (Equus caballus) to accurately identify individual animals and groups of animals sighted on multiple occasions. The 3 small populations of feral horses (< 400 animals each) in the western United States used in the study were all closely monitored on a weekly basis by local researchers, thus providing test populations of known size. We were able to accurately estimate these population sizes with aerial surveys, despite rugged terrain and dense vegetation that created substantial heterogeneity of sighting probability among horse groups. Our best estimates at the 3 sites were within 26.7%, 2.6%, and 28.6% of known truth (24.2% mean error, 6.0% mean absolute error). In contrast, we found undercount bias as large as 32% before any statistical corrections. The necessary corrections varied both temporally and spatially, in response to previous sighting history (behavioral response), and by the number of horses in a group. Despite modeling some of the differences in horse-group visibility with sighting covariates, we found substantial residual unmodeled heterogeneity that contributed to underestimation of the true population by as much as 22.7% when we used models that did not fully account for these unmeasured sources. We also found that the cost of the accurate and validated methods presented here is comparable to that of raw count (so called, census) methods commonly employed across feral horse ranges in 10 western states. We believe this technique can assist managers in accurately estimating many feral horse populations and could be applied to other species with sufficiently diverse and distinguishable visible markings. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1420-1429; 2009) C1 [Lubow, Bruce C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ransom, Jason I.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lubow, BC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ransomj@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey Wildlife Program FX We thank the Grand Junction, Cody, and Billings Field Offices of the United States Bureau of Land Management for cooperation and assistance with special-use aviation needs over the federal lands they manage. T. R. Stanley, J. E. Roelle, A. B. Shepherd, and 2 anonymous referees provided much appreciated expertise and comments on drafts of this manuscript. This research was funded by the United States Geological Survey Wildlife Program in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Land Management and Colorado State University. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1420 EP 1429 DI 10.2193/2008-538 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400022 ER PT J AU Coates, PS Wylie, GD Halstead, BJ Casazza, ML AF Coates, P. S. Wylie, G. D. Halstead, B. J. Casazza, M. L. TI Using time-dependent models to investigate body condition and growth rate of the giant gartersnake SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; mark-recapture; Mediterranean climate; reproductive strategy; sexual dimorphism; snake; Thamnophis gigas ID THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS-PARIETALIS; VIPERA-ASPIS; VIVIPAROUS SNAKE; REPRODUCTION; REPTILIA; RESERVES; ECOLOGY; ENERGY; COSTS; MALES AB Identifying links between phenotypic attributes and fitness is a primary goal of reproductive ecology. Differences in within-year patterns of body condition between sexes of gartersnakes in relation to reproduction and growth are not fully understood. We conducted an 11-year field study of body condition and growth rate of the giant gartersnake Thamnophis gigas across 13 study areas in the Central Valley of California, USA. We developed a priori mixed effects models of body condition index (BCI), which included covariates of time, sex and snout-vent length and reported the best-approximating models using an information theoretic approach. Also, we developed models of growth rate index (GRI) using covariates of sex and periods based on reproductive behavior. The largest difference in BCI between sexes, as predicted by a non-linear (cubic) time model, occurred during the mating period when female body condition (0.014 +/- 0.001 se) was substantially greater than males (-0.027 +/- 0.002 se). Males likely allocated energy to search for mates, while females likely stored energy for embryonic development. We also provided evidence that males use more body energy reserves than females during hibernation, perhaps because of different body temperatures between sexes. We found GRI of male snakes was substantially lower during the mating period than during a non-mating period, which indicated that a trade-off existed between searching for mates and growth. These findings contribute to our understanding of snake ecology in a Mediterranean climate. C1 [Coates, P. S.; Wylie, G. D.; Halstead, B. J.; Casazza, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU University of California-Davis Animal Care and Use Protocol 9699; US Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Permit [TE-020548-5] FX We thank J. Yee and G. Fellers for helpful reviews and statistical consulting. Also, we thank the many field biologists that collected data and cared for snakes as part of this research. We are grateful for the contributions by M. Farinha and administrative support of P. Gore. Snakes were handled in accordance with the University of California-Davis Animal Care and Use Protocol 9699 and as stipulated in US Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Permit TE-020548-5. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 279 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00617.x PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 512LE UT WOS:000271249800009 ER PT J AU Ubeda, X Pereira, P Outeiro, L Martin, DA AF Ubeda, X. Pereira, P. Outeiro, L. Martin, D. A. TI EFFECTS OF FIRE TEMPERATURE ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ASH FROM TWO PLOTS OF CORK OAK (QUERCUS SUBER) SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE cork oak; Quercus suber; fire severity; mass loss; ash; physical and chemical parameters ID FOREST-FIRE; WOOD-ASH; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; LANDFILL LEACHATE; NORTHEAST SPAIN; OVERLAND-FLOW; BLACK CARBON; PINE FOREST; PLANT ASH AB Cork oak, (Quercus suber) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region, all area subject to frequent fires. The ash produced by burning can have impacts on the soil status and water resources that can differ according to the temperature reached during fire and the characteristics of the litter, defined as the dead organic matter accumulated oil the soil surface prior to the fire. The aim of this work is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of ash produced in laboratory experiments to approximate conditions typical of fires in this region. The litter of Quercus suber collected from two different plots oil the Iberian Peninsula, Mas Bassets (Catalonia) and Albufeira (Portugal), was combusted at different temperatures for 2 h. We measured Mass Loss (ML per cent), ash colour and CaCO3 content, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and the major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) released from ash slurries created by mixing ash with deionized water. The results showed that ML per cent is higher at all temperatures in Albufeira samples compared to Mas Bassets samples, except at 550 degrees C, and the rate of loss increases faster with temperature than the Mas Bassets samples. At 150 degrees C the ash colour is yellowish, becoming reddish at 200-250 degrees C and black at 300 degrees C. Above 400 degrees C the ash is grey/white. This thermal degradation is mostly observed in Albufeira litter. The formation of CaCO3 was identified at a lower temperature in Albufeira litter. At temperatures <300 degrees C, pH and EC values are lower, rising at higher temperatures, especially in Albufeira slurries. The concentration of cations at lower temperatures does not differ substantially from the unburned sample except for Mg2+. The cation concentration increases at medium temperatures and decrease at higher temperatures, especially the concentration of divalent cations. The monovalent cations showed a larger concentration at moderate temperatures, mainly in Albufeira ash slurries. The analysis of the Ca:Mg ratio also showed that for the same temperature, a higher severity results for Albufeira litter. Potential negative effects on soil properties are observed at medium and higher temperatures. These negative effects include a higher percentage of mass loss, meaning more soil may be exposed to erosion, higher pH values and greater cation release from ash, especially monovalalent cations (K+, Na+) in higher proportions than the divalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+), that can lead to impacts oil soil physical properties like aggregate stability. Furthermore, the ions in ash may alter soil chemistry which may be detrimental to some plants thus altering the recovery of these ecosystems after fire. Low intensity prescribed fire can be a useful tool to land management in these sites, due to the reduced effects of fire temperatures oil the physical and chemical properties of surface litter, and call reduce the risk of high temperature wildland fires by reducing fuel loadings. From the perspective of water resources, lower fire temperatures produce fewer impacts on the chemistry of overland flow and there is less probability that the soil Surface will be eroded. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ubeda, X.; Pereira, P.; Outeiro, L.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Geog & Hist, Dept Geog Fis & Anal Geog Reg, GRAM, Barcelona 08001, Spain. [Martin, D. A.] USGS, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pereira, P (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Geog & Hist, Dept Geog Fis & Anal Geog Reg, GRAM, C Montalegre 6, Barcelona 08001, Spain. EM pereiraub@gmail.com RI Pereira, Paulo/O-1845-2016 OI Outeiro, Luis/0000-0001-6536-2158; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0003-0227-2010 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2006-11107-C02-02/BOS]; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) FX This study was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, project: CGL2006-11107-C02-02/BOS 'Evaluation of the quality of Mediterranean soils affected by fire in a middle and large term' and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) Funds. We are also thankful to Serveis Cientifico-Tecnics from the University of Barcelona. NR 107 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X J9 LAND DEGRAD DEV JI Land Degrad. Dev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 BP 589 EP 608 DI 10.1002/ldr.930 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 533LH UT WOS:000272824700001 ER PT J AU Tranvik, LJ Downing, JA Cotner, JB Loiselle, SA Striegl, RG Ballatore, TJ Dillon, P Finlay, K Fortino, K Knoll, LB Kortelainen, PL Kutser, T Larsen, S Laurion, I Leech, DM McCallister, SL McKnight, DM Melack, JM Overholt, E Porter, JA Prairie, Y Renwick, WH Roland, F Sherman, BS Schindler, DW Sobek, S Tremblay, A Vanni, MJ Verschoor, AM von Wachenfeldt, E Weyhenmeyer, GA AF Tranvik, Lars J. Downing, John A. Cotner, James B. Loiselle, Steven A. Striegl, Robert G. Ballatore, Thomas J. Dillon, Peter Finlay, Kerri Fortino, Kenneth Knoll, Lesley B. Kortelainen, Pirkko L. Kutser, Tiit Larsen, Soren Laurion, Isabelle Leech, Dina M. McCallister, S. Leigh McKnight, Diane M. Melack, John M. Overholt, Erin Porter, Jason A. Prairie, Yves Renwick, William H. Roland, Fabio Sherman, Bradford S. Schindler, David W. Sobek, Sebastian Tremblay, Alain Vanni, Michael J. Verschoor, Antonie M. von Wachenfeldt, Eddie Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. TI Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; NITROUS-OXIDE N2O; GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL; BOREAL LAKES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ARCTIC LAKES; HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS; SEDIMENT RESPIRATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AB We explore the role of lakes in carbon cycling and global climate, examine the mechanisms influencing carbon pools and transformations in lakes, and discuss how the metabolism of carbon in the inland waters is likely to change in response to climate. Furthermore, we project changes as global climate change in the abundance and spatial distribution of lakes in the biosphere, and we revise the estimate for the global extent of carbon transformation in inland waters. This synthesis demonstrates that the global annual emissions of carbon dioxide from inland waters to the atmosphere are similar in magnitude to the carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans and that the global burial of organic carbon in inland water sediments exceeds organic carbon sequestration on the ocean floor. The role of inland waters in global carbon cycling and climate forcing may be changed by human activities, including construction of impoundments, which accumulate large amounts of carbon in sediments and emit large amounts of methane to the atmosphere. Methane emissions are also expected from lakes on melting permafrost. The synthesis presented here indicates that (1) inland waters constitute a significant component of the global carbon cycle, (2) their contribution to this cycle has significantly changed as a result of human activities, and (3) they will continue to change in response to future climate change causing decreased as well as increased abundance of lakes as well as increases in the number of aquatic impoundments. C1 [Tranvik, Lars J.; von Wachenfeldt, Eddie; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Uppsala, Sweden. [Downing, John A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Cotner, James B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Loiselle, Steven A.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ballatore, Thomas J.] Daiichi Univ, Fukuoka, Japan. [Dillon, Peter] Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Finlay, Kerri] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Fortino, Kenneth] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Knoll, Lesley B.; Overholt, Erin; Vanni, Michael J.] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Kortelainen, Pirkko L.] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Kutser, Tiit] Estonian Marine Inst, Tallinn, Estonia. [Larsen, Soren] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Laurion, Isabelle] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Leech, Dina M.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [McCallister, S. Leigh] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Melack, John M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Porter, Jason A.] Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Biol Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Prairie, Yves] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Renwick, William H.] Miami Univ, Dept Geog, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Roland, Fabio] Univ Juiz Fora, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Sherman, Bradford S.] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Schindler, David W.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Sobek, Sebastian] Eawag ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Tremblay, Alain] Hydroquebec, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Verschoor, Antonie M.] NIOO Ctr Limnol, Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. RP Tranvik, LJ (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Uppsala, Sweden. EM lars.tranvik@ebc.uu.se RI Verschoor, Anthony/D-8446-2011; Tranvik, Lars/H-2222-2011; Sherman, Bradford/H-3015-2011; Finlay, Kerri/G-6126-2012; Prairie, Yves/B-9108-2008; Roland, Fabio/C-7918-2013; Schindler, David/A-3752-2014; Kutser, Tiit/H-1304-2015; OI Kutser, Tiit/0000-0001-9679-1422; Loiselle, Steven/0000-0001-7414-0389; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU Swedish Research Council; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-94-21535]; University of California at Santa Barbara; State of California FX We thank Craig Williamson and Jasmine Saros for organizing the Chapman Conference on "Lakes and Reservoirs as Sentinels, Integrators, and Regulators of Climate Change" and for facilitating our work with this synthesis. The work of the first author was supported by the project "Lake Ecosystem Response to Environmental Change (LEREC)," funded by the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning. Some of the ideas developed here emerged from the Integration of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Carbon Cycles working group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (grant DEB-94-21535); the University of California at Santa Barbara; and the State of California. Editors, reviewers, and Glenn Benoy gave outstanding advice on the first submitted version of the paper. NR 129 TC 610 Z9 642 U1 75 U2 595 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2298 EP 2314 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2298 PN 2 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 532YC UT WOS:000272785700003 ER PT J AU MacKay, MD Neale, PJ Arp, CD Domis, LND Fang, X Gal, G Johnk, KD Kirillin, G Lenters, JD Litchman, E MacIntyre, S Marsh, P Melack, J Mooij, WM Peeters, F Quesada, A Schladow, SG Schmid, M Spence, C Stokesr, SL AF MacKay, M. D. Neale, P. J. Arp, C. D. Domis, L. N. De Senerpont Fang, X. Gal, G. Joehnk, K. D. Kirillin, G. Lenters, J. D. Litchman, E. MacIntyre, S. Marsh, P. Melack, J. Mooij, W. M. Peeters, F. Quesada, A. Schladow, S. G. Schmid, M. Spence, C. Stokesr, S. L. TI Modeling lakes and reservoirs in the climate system SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SHALLOW LAKES; LONG-TERM; EUROPEAN LAKES; BOREAL LAKES; GREAT-LAKES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM; WATER TEMPERATURE; MIDSUMMER DECLINE; PLANKTON DYNAMICS AB Modeling studies examining the effect of lakes on regional and global climate, as well as studies on the influence of climate variability and change on aquatic ecosystems, are surveyed. Fully coupled atmosphere-land surface-lake climate models that could be used for both of these types of study simultaneously do not presently exist, though there are many applications that would benefit from such models. It is argued here that current understanding of physical and biogeochemical processes in freshwater systems is sufficient to begin to construct such models, and a path forward is proposed. The largest impediment to fully representing lakes in the climate system lies in the handling of lakes that are too small to be explicitly resolved by the climate model, and that make up the majority of the lake-covered area at the resolutions currently used by global and regional climate models. Ongoing development within the hydrological sciences community and continual improvements in model resolution should help ameliorate this issue. C1 [MacKay, M. D.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Neale, P. J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Arp, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Domis, L. N. De Senerpont; Mooij, W. M.] Ctr Limnol, Dept Aquat Food Webs, Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. [Fang, X.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gal, G.] Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Kinneret Limnol Lab, Migdal, Israel. [Joehnk, K. D.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Limnol Stratified Lakes, Neuglobsow, Germany. [Kirillin, G.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecohydrol, Berlin, Germany. [Lenters, J. D.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Litchman, E.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [MacIntyre, S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Marsh, P.; Spence, C.] Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Melack, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Peeters, F.] Univ Konstanz, Limnol Inst, Dept Biol, Constance, Germany. [Quesada, A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Biol, Madrid, Spain. [Schladow, S. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Schmid, M.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Surface, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. [Stokesr, S. L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP MacKay, MD (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM murray.mackay@ec.gc.ca RI Schmid, Martin/C-3953-2009; De Senerpont Domis, Lisette/C-2902-2008; Kirillin, Georgiy/B-5410-2010; Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012; Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008; Johnk, Klaus/B-3382-2008 OI Schmid, Martin/0000-0001-8699-5691; Quesada, Antonio/0000-0002-8913-5993; De Senerpont Domis, Lisette/0000-0001-7509-9541; Kirillin, Georgiy/0000-0001-7337-3586; Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200; Johnk, Klaus/0000-0002-5972-4201 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) [CGL2005-06549-CO2-01]; Smithsonian Institution; NSF Division of Environmental Biology [0552283]; Earth and Life Science Foundation (ALW) [817.01.007]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) FX A. Q. was supported by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) with grant CGL2005-06549-CO2-01; P. J. N. was supported by the Smithsonian Institution and NSF Division of Environmental Biology grant 0552283; and L. d. S. D. and W. M. M. were supported by grant 817.01.007 of the Earth and Life Science Foundation (ALW), which is subsidized by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). NR 162 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2315 EP 2329 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2315 PN 2 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 532YC UT WOS:000272785700004 ER PT J AU Skinner, JA Mazzini, A AF Skinner, James A., Jr. Mazzini, Adriano TI Martian mud volcanism: Terrestrial analogs and implications for formational scenarios SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mud volcano; Analogs; Surface processes; Astrobiology ID NORTH POLAR-REGION; MEDITERRANEAN RIDGE; ELYSIUM REGION; BRECCIA CLASTS; MARS; EVOLUTION; STRATIGRAPHY; AZERBAIJAN; LITHOLOGY; BOUNDARY AB The geology of Mars and the stratigraphic characteristics of its uppermost crust (mega-regolith) suggest that some of the pervasively-occurring pitted cones, mounds, and flows may have formed through processes akin to terrestrial mud volcanism. A comparison of terrestrial mud volcanism suggests that equivalent Martian processes likely required discrete sedimentary depocenters, volatile-enriched strata, buried rheological instabilities, and a mechanism of destabilization to initiate subsurface flow. We outline five formational scenarios whereby Martian mud volcanism might have occurred: (A) rapid deposition of sediments, (B) volcano-induced destabilization, (C) tectonic shortening, (D) long-term, load-induced subsidence, and (E) seismic shaking. We describe locations within and around the Martian northern plains that broadly fit the geological context of these scenarios and which contain mud volcano-like landforms. We compare terrestrial and Martian satellite images and examine the geological settings of mud volcano provinces on Earth in order to describe potential target areas for piercement structures on Mars. Our comparisons help to evaluate not only the role of water as a functional component of geological processes on Mars but also how Martian mud volcanoes could provide samples of otherwise inaccessible strata, some of which could contain astrobiological evidence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Skinner, James A., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mazzini, Adriano] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Skinner, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jskinner@usgs.gov; adriano.mazzini@fys.uio.no RI Skinner, James/M-7966-2014 FU NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics FX We are grateful to the editors M. Ivanov and O. Catuneaunu for their support. We acknowledge the input of G. Akhmanov and one anonymous reviewer who helped tighten the focus of this paper. Thanks to C. Fortezzo (USGS), G. Gisler (PGP), H. Svensen (PGP) and K. Tanaka (USGS) who each provided helpful discussions and reviews. We gratefully acknowledge the instrument teams that provided clatasets used herein, including THEMIS (http://themis. asu.edu/), MOC (http://www.msss.com/), and MOLA (http://mola. gsfc.nasa.gov/). This work was supported, in part, by a grant from NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics program. NR 70 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1866 EP 1878 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.02.006 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 524CD UT WOS:000272120500016 ER PT J AU Symons, DTA Lewchuk, MT Kawasaki, K Velasco, F Leach, DL AF Symons, David T. A. Lewchuk, Michael T. Kawasaki, Kazuo Velasco, Francisco Leach, David L. TI The Reocin zinc-lead deposit, Spain: paleomagnetic dating of a late Tertiary ore body SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Geochronology; Miocene; Mississippi Valley-type ore; Northern Spain; Paleomagnetism; Reocin mine ID BASQUE-CANTABRIAN BASIN; ZN-PB DEPOSITS; FLUID-FLOW; GENETIC-IMPLICATIONS; IBERIAN PENINSULA; NORTHERN SPAIN; GENESIS; ISOTOPE; REMAGNETIZATION; MINERALIZATION AB The Reocin mine in northern Spain's Basque-Cantabrian basin exploited a world-class Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb deposit. Its epigenetic mineralization is in Urgonian 116 +/- 1 Ma dolomitized limestones of the Santillana syncline, which was formed by Oligocene and mid Miocene pulses of the Pyrenean orogeny. Paleomagnetic results (22 sites, 274 specimens) in mineralization isolated a stable remanence (ChRM) in pyrrhotite and minor magnetite inclusions in ore specimens, Zn concentrate, and tailings. A fold test shows that the ChRM is substantially post-folding. The mineralization's paleopole lies on the European apparent polar wander path and indicates that the mineralization was formed at 15 +/- 10 Ma. We postulate that brines originated in underlying Triassic and Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks and were driven upward into the host rocks by the hydraulic gradient created by the nearby Asturian massif. C1 [Symons, David T. A.; Lewchuk, Michael T.; Kawasaki, Kazuo] Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Velasco, Francisco] Univ Basque Country, Dept Mineral & Petr, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. [Leach, David L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Symons, DTA (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM dsymons@uwindsor.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [7834-05]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain [CGL200500798/BTE] FX The authors wish to thank Antonio Alonso of Xstrata Zinc, a subsidiary of Xstrata Plc., for providing both corporate permission and field assistance to do this research. The authors are grateful to the reviewers, Drs. B. Henry and F. Tornos, for many helpful comments that have led to significant improvements in the manuscript. We also thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant # 7834-05 to D. T. A. S.) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain (Ref. CGL200500798/BTE to F. V.) for financial support for this study. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 44 IS 8 BP 867 EP 880 DI 10.1007/s00126-009-0253-3 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 514TN UT WOS:000271418600003 ER PT J AU Sanin, C Cadena, CD Maley, JM Lijtmaer, DA Tubaro, PL Chesser, RT AF Sanin, Camilo Daniel Cadena, Carlos Maley, James M. Lijtmaer, Dario A. Tubaro, Pablo L. Chesser, R. Terry TI Paraphyly of Cinclodes fuscus (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae): Implications for taxonomy and biogeography SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Andes; Patagonia; Phylogeography; Species limits; Bar-winged Cinclodes ID OVENBIRD GENUS CINCLODES; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ANCESTRAL AREAS; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; SYSTEMATICS; SPECIATION; TYRANTS; FOREST AB The Andes are a hotspot of global avian diversity, but studies on the historical diversification of Andean birds remain relatively scarce. Evolutionary studies on avian lineages with Andean-Patagonian distributions have focused on reconstructing species-level phylogenies, whereas no detailed phylogeographic studies on widespread species have been conducted. Here, we describe phylogeographic patterns in the Bar-winged Cinclodes (Cinclodes fuscus), a widespread and common species of ovenbird (Furnariidae) that breeds from Tierra del Fuego to the northern Andes. Traditionally, C. fuscus has been considered a single species composed of nine subspecies, but its long and narrow range suggests the possibility of considerable genetic variation among populations. Sequences of two mitochondrial genes revealed three discrete and geographically coherent groups of C. fuscus, occupying the southern, central, and northern Andes. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analyses indicated that these groups were more closely related to other species of Cinclodes than to each other. Relationships of the southern and northern C. fuscus clades to other species of Cinclodes were straightforward; in combination with available information on plumage, behavioral, and vocal variation, this suggests that each should be recognized as a distinct biological species. The central Andean group was paraphyletic with respect to C. oustaleti, and relationships among these taxa and C. olrogi were poorly resolved. We suggest that the central Andean C. fuscus should also be considered a different species, pending new information to clarify species limits in this group. These new phylogenetic data, along with recently developed methods, allowed us to review the biogeography of the genus, confirming southern South America and the central Andes as important areas for the diversification of these birds. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanin, Camilo] Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Biol Evolut Vertebrados, Bogota 4976, Colombia. [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Maley, James M.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Maley, James M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lijtmaer, Dario A.; Tubaro, Pablo L.] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Div Ornitol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Sanin, C (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Biol Evolut Vertebrados, Apartado Aereo, Bogota 4976, Colombia. EM ca-sanin@uniandes.edu.co; ccadena@uniandes.edu.co; jmaley1@lsu.edu; dlijtmaer@macn.gov.ar; ptubaro@interlink.com.ar; chessert@si.edu RI Cadena, Carlos Daniel/G-1313-2010 FU RTP, M. Sangrey; Robert Fri Internship Endowment; National Museum of Natural History; ADRC; Department of Vertebrate Zoology; Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund; American Museum of Natural History; NSF [DBI-0400797, DEB-0543562, IOS-0848028]; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes FX This study originated as a Smithsonian Research Training Program (RTP) internship project conducted by CS with RTC. We thank the RTP, M. Sangrey and the Robert Fri Internship Endowment for their support of the project. The project received additional financial support from the National Museum of Natural History; we thank H. Sues and W. Wiswall of the office of the ADRC and R. Vari of the Department of Vertebrate Zoology for providing funding for molecular labwork at the Smithsonian. We are grateful to R.C. Fleischer for providing access to the laboratory facilities at the Genetics Lab of the National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution; and to N. Rotzel, S. Haas, J. Maldonado and E. Latch for their assistance in the laboratory. Labwork at LSU was supported by a grant from the Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund, American Museum of Natural History, to JMM and in part by NSF Grants DBI-0400797 and DEB-0543562 to R. T. Brumfield. Amplification and sequencing of the specimen from Colombia were funded by the Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes through a grant to CDC. Additional support for this project was provided by NSF Grant IOS-0848028 to C. Martinez del Rio. We thank M. Nores and A. Jaramillo for their comments during preparation of the manuscript, and J. Klicka, M. A. Aponte and J. A. Gerwin for information about certain specimens. We thank the following for contributing tissue samples or sequences to this project: J. Bates and D. Willard, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago; S. Birks, Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle; N. Rice, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; and J. Avendano and A. Navas, Museo de Historia Natural ANDES, Colombia. RTC thanks T. Valqui, A. Urbay, D. Susanibar, P. Sweet, C. Kovacs and son, "Checho" Escobar, and A. Pena for assistance with logistics and fieldwork, and the following individuals and institutions for kindly granting collecting and export permits for their jurisdictions: A. Morizaki Taura, Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales (INRENA), Lima, Peru; M. Etchegoin, Direccion de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Provincia de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; R. Lini, Direccion de Bosques y Fauna, Provincia de Rio Negro, Viedma, Argentina; G. Porini, Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente Humano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and J. C. Cuchacovich, Servicio Agricola y Ganadero, Santiago, Chile. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.022 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 547MD UT WOS:000273892200017 PM 19580881 ER PT J AU Neal, C Girina, O Senyukov, S Rybin, A Osiensky, J Izbekov, P Ferguson, G AF Neal, Christina Girina, Olga Senyukov, Sergey Rybin, Alexander Osiensky, Jeffrey Izbekov, Pavel Ferguson, Gail TI Russian eruption warning systems for aviation SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Volcanic ash and aircraft safety; Kamchatka volcanoes; Kurile volcanoes; Ash clouds; Volcano hazard warnings; Volcano hazards; Aviation safety ID ASTER AB More than 65 potentially active volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kurile Islands pose a substantial threat to aircraft on the Northern Pacific (NOPAC), Russian Trans-East (RTE), and Pacific Organized Track System (PACOTS) air routes. The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) monitors and reports on volcanic hazards to aviation for Kamchatka and the north Kuriles. KVERT scientists utilize real-time seismic data, daily satellite views of the region, real-time video, and pilot and field reports of activity to track and alert the aviation industry of hazardous activity. Most Kurile Island volcanoes are monitored by the Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (SVERT) based in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. SVERT uses daily moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images to look for volcanic activity along this 1,250-km chain of islands. Neither operation is staffed 24 h per day. In addition, the vast majority of Russian volcanoes are not monitored seismically in real-time. Other challenges include multiple time-zones and language differences that hamper communication among volcanologists and meteorologists in the US, Japan, and Russia who share the responsibility to issue official warnings. Rapid, consistent verification of explosive eruptions and determination of cloud heights remain significant technical challenges. Despite these difficulties, in more than a decade of frequent eruptive activity in Kamchatka and the northern Kuriles, no damaging encounters with volcanic ash from Russian eruptions have been recorded. C1 [Neal, Christina] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Girina, Olga] Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Senyukov, Sergey] Kamchatka Branch Geophys Survey, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Rybin, Alexander] Inst Marine Geol & Geophys, Yuzhno Sakhalinsk, Russia. [Osiensky, Jeffrey] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Izbekov, Pavel] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, AVO, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Ferguson, Gail] FAA, Anchorage ARTCC, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Neal, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM tneal@usgs.gov RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010; Girina, Olga/K-5752-2015 OI Girina, Olga/0000-0003-4918-2338 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s11069-009-9347-6 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 501ML UT WOS:000270385900002 ER PT J AU Albersheim, S Guffanti, M AF Albersheim, Steven Guffanti, Marianne TI The United States national volcanic ash operations plan for aviation SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Aviation warnings; Aviation safety; Volcanic ash; Volcanic hazards ID MARIANA ISLANDS; 2001 ERUPTION; CLEVELAND; HAZARD; ALASKA AB Volcanic-ash clouds are a known hazard to aviation, requiring that aircraft be warned away from ash-contaminated airspace. The exposure of aviation to potential hazards from volcanoes in the United States is significant. In support of existing interagency operations to detect and track volcanic-ash clouds, the United States has prepared a National Volcanic Ash Operations Plan for Aviation to strengthen the warning process in its airspace. The US National Plan documents the responsibilities, communication protocols, and prescribed hazard messages of the Federal Aviation Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Geological Survey, and Air Force Weather Agency. The plan introduces a new message format, a Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation, to provide clear, concise information about volcanic activity, including precursory unrest, to air-traffic controllers (for use in Notices to Airmen) and other aviation users. The plan is online at "http://www.ofcm.gov/p35-nvaopa/pdf/FCM-P35-2007-NVAOPA.pdf". While the plan provides general operational practices, it remains the responsibility of the federal agencies involved to implement the described procedures through orders, directives, etc. Since the plan mirrors global guidelines of the International Civil Aviation Organization, it also provides an example that could be adapted by other countries. C1 [Guffanti, Marianne] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Albersheim, Steven] FAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Guffanti, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM guffanti@usgs.gov FU Volcanic Ash Working Group; National Volcanic Ash Operations Plan for Aviation FX We would like to acknowledge and thank all the members, technical advisors, and associated colleagues of the Volcanic Ash Working Group who contributed their expertise to the development of the National Volcanic Ash Operations Plan for Aviation: Gary Bobick, Larry Burch, Mary Cairns, Gail Carter, Donald (Doc) Carver, Gail Ferguson, Michael Graf, Tony Hall, John Haynes, Charles Holliday, Lt. Scott Ireton, Michael Mercer, Capt. (Ret) Ed Miller, John Murray, Tina Neal, Kristine Nelson, Jeff Osiensky, Tony Ramirez, Leonard Salinas, George Stephens, Richard Storaci, Chris Strager, Davida Streett, Barbara Stunder, Grace Swanson, James Weyman, and Richard Wunderman. Tom Murray, Tom Miller, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of our manuscript. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Government. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s11069-008-9247-1 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 501ML UT WOS:000270385900004 ER PT J AU Guffanti, M Mayberry, GC Casadevall, TJ Wunderman, R AF Guffanti, Marianne Mayberry, Gari C. Casadevall, Thomas J. Wunderman, Richard TI Volcanic hazards to airports SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Volcanic hazards; Volcanic ash; Airports; Volcanic-risk mitigation ID WEATHER RADAR; ASH; ERUPTION; ISLANDS; CLOUD AB Volcanic activity has caused significant hazards to numerous airports worldwide, with local to far-ranging effects on travelers and commerce. Analysis of a new compilation of incidents of airports impacted by volcanic activity from 1944 through 2006 reveals that, at a minimum, 101 airports in 28 countries were affected on 171 occasions by eruptions at 46 volcanoes. Since 1980, five airports per year on average have been affected by volcanic activity, which indicates that volcanic hazards to airports are not rare on a worldwide basis. The main hazard to airports is ashfall, with accumulations of only a few millimeters sufficient to force temporary closures of some airports. A substantial portion of incidents has been caused by ash in airspace in the vicinity of airports, without accumulation of ash on the ground. On a few occasions, airports have been impacted by hazards other than ash (pyroclastic flow, lava flow, gas emission, and phreatic explosion). Several airports have been affected repeatedly by volcanic hazards. Four airports have been affected the most often and likely will continue to be among the most vulnerable owing to continued nearby volcanic activity: Fontanarossa International Airport in Catania, Italy; Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport in Alaska, USA; Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito, Ecuador; and Tokua Airport in Kokopo, Papua New Guinea. The USA has the most airports affected by volcanic activity (17) on the most occasions (33) and hosts the second highest number of volcanoes that have caused the disruptions (5, after Indonesia with 7). One-fifth of the affected airports are within 30 km of the source volcanoes, approximately half are located within 150 km of the source volcanoes, and about three-quarters are within 300 km; nearly one-fifth are located more than 500 km away from the source volcanoes. The volcanoes that have caused the most impacts are Soufriere Hills on the island of Montserrat in the British West Indies, Tungurahua in Ecuador, Mt. Etna in Italy, Rabaul caldera in Papua New Guinea, Mt. Spurr and Mt. St. Helens in the USA, Ruapehu in New Zealand, Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, and Anatahan in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (part of the USA). Ten countries-USA, Indonesia, Ecuador, Papua New Guinea, Italy, New Zealand, Philippines, Mexico, Japan, and United Kingdom-have the highest volcanic hazard and/or vulnerability measures for airports. The adverse impacts of volcanic eruptions on airports can be mitigated by preparedness and forewarning. Methods that have been used to forewarn airports of volcanic activity include real-time detection of explosive volcanic activity, forecasts of ash dispersion and deposition, and detection of approaching ash clouds using ground-based Doppler radar. Given the demonstrated vulnerability of airports to disruption from volcanic activity, at-risk airports should develop operational plans for ashfall events, and volcano-monitoring agencies should provide timely forewarning of imminent volcanic-ash hazards directly to airport operators. C1 [Guffanti, Marianne] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mayberry, Gari C.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Casadevall, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wunderman, Richard] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Guffanti, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM guffanti@usgs.gov FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program FX This work was supported by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. Chris Newhall, Steve Brantley, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of this report. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 287 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11069-008-9254-2 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 501ML UT WOS:000270385900005 ER PT J AU Webley, PW Dean, K Bailey, JE Dehn, J Peterson, R AF Webley, Peter W. Dean, Kenneson Bailey, John E. Dehn, Jon Peterson, Rorik TI Automated forecasting of volcanic ash dispersion utilizing Virtual Globes SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Puff; Volcanic ash; Dispersion modelling and Virtual Globes ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ERUPTION AB There are over 100 active volcanoes in the North Pacific (NOPAC) region, most of which are located in sparsely populated areas. Dispersion models play an important role in forecasting the movement of volcanic ash clouds by complementing both remote sensing data and visual observations from the ground and aircraft. Puff is a three-dimensional dispersion model, primarily designed for forecasting volcanic ash dispersion, used by the Alaska Volcano Observatory and other agencies. Since early 2007, the model is in an automated mode to predict the movement of airborne volcanic ash at multiple elevated alert status volcanoes worldwide to provide immediate information when an eruption occurs. Twelve of the predictions are within the NOPAC region, nine more within the southern section of the Pacific ring of fire and the others are in Europe and the Caribbean. Model forecasts are made for initial ash plumes ranging from 4 to 20 km altitude above sea level and for a 24-h forecast period. This information is made available via the Puff model website. Model results can be displayed in Virtual Globes for three-dimensional visualization. Here, we show operational Puff predictions in two and three-dimensions in Google Earth(A (R)), both as iso-surfaces and particles, and study past eruptions to illustrate the capabilities that the Virtual Globes can provide. In addition, we show the opportunity that Google Maps(A (R)) provides in displaying Puff operational predictions via an application programming web interface and how radiosonde data (vertical soundings) and numerical weather prediction vertical profiles can be displayed in Virtual Globes for assisting in estimating ash cloud heights. C1 [Webley, Peter W.; Bailey, John E.] Univ Alaska, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, Peter W.; Dean, Kenneson; Bailey, John E.; Dehn, Jon] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Peterson, Rorik] Univ Alaska, Dept Mech Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, 909 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU Alaska Aviation Weather Unit (NWS, Anchorage); NWS (Anchorage); USGS (AVO, Anchorage); Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at UAF FX We would like to thank Kristine Nelson at the Alaska Aviation Weather Unit (NWS, Anchorage), Jeff Osiensky of the NWS (Anchorage) and Tina Neal of the USGS (AVO, Anchorage) for their advice on interfaces and automated data outputs. Also, we would like to thank Gordon Jackson and Andrew Tupper at the Darwin VAAC for their information on the Rabual 2006 eruption and suggestions for the automated monitoring for the Java/ Indonesian region. We would like to thank the reviewers of the paper for their useful and insightful comments and Andrew Tupper and Alfred Prata for their assistance in the preparation of the special issue: Aviation Hazards from Volcanoes for Natural Hazards. We would like to thank AVO and the Geophysical Institute at UAF for their support of this research. In addition, Peter Webley was funded by the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at UAF during his research. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 345 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s11069-008-9246-2 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 501ML UT WOS:000270385900008 ER PT J AU Hill, GJ Caldwell, TG Heise, W Chertkoff, DG Bibby, HM Burgess, MK Cull, JP Cas, RAF AF Hill, Graham J. Caldwell, T. Grant Heise, Wiebke Chertkoff, Darren G. Bibby, Hugh M. Burgess, Matt K. Cull, James P. Cas, Ray A. F. TI Distribution of melt beneath Mount St Helens and Mount Adams inferred from magnetotelluric data SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN WASHINGTON CASCADES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; MAGMA SYSTEM; NEW-ZEALAND; INVERSION; RANGE; TECTONICS; EXAMPLE; ZONE AB Three prominent volcanoes that form part of the Cascade mountain range in Washington State (USA)-Mounts St Helens, Adams and Rainier-are located on the margins of a mid-crustal zone of high electrical conductivity(1-5). Interconnected melt can increase the bulk conductivity of the region containing the melt(6,7), which leads us to propose that the anomalous conductivity in this region is due to partial melt associated with the volcanism. Here we test this hypothesis by using magnetotelluric data recorded at a network of 85 locations in the area of the high-conductivity anomaly. Our data reveal that a localized zone of high conductivity beneath this volcano extends downwards to join the mid-crustal conductor. As our measurements were made during the recent period of lava extrusion at Mount St Helens, we infer that the conductivity anomaly associated with the localized zone, and by extension with the mid-crustal conductor, is caused by the presence of partial melt. Our interpretation is consistent with the crustal origin of silicic magmas erupting from Mount St Helens(8), and explains the distribution of seismicity observed at the time of the catastrophic eruption in 1980 (refs 9, 10). C1 [Hill, Graham J.; Caldwell, T. Grant; Heise, Wiebke; Bibby, Hugh M.] GNS Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Hill, Graham J.; Cull, James P.; Cas, Ray A. F.] Monash Univ, Australian Crustal Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Heise, Wiebke] Univ Lisbon, CGUL IDL, Lisbon, Portugal. [Chertkoff, Darren G.] Crystal Prism Consulting Inc, N Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Burgess, Matt K.] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hill, GJ (reprint author), GNS Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. EM g.hill@gns.cri.nz NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 2 IS 11 BP 785 EP 789 DI 10.1038/NGEO661 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 514IU UT WOS:000271388500022 ER PT J AU Franks, S Masek, JG Headley, RMK Gasch, J Arvidson, T AF Franks, Shannon Masek, Jeffrey G. Headley, Rachel M. K. Gasch, John Arvidson, Terry TI Large Area Scene Selection Interface (LASSI): Methodology of Selecting Landsat Imagery for the Global Land Survey 2005. SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID DATA SET; COVER AB The Global Land Survey (GLS) 2005 is a cloud-free, orthorectified collection of Landsat imagery acquired during the 2004 to 2007 epoch intended to support global land-cover and ecological monitoring. Due to the numerous complexities in selecting imagery for the GLS2005, NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sponsored the development of an automated scene selection tool, the Large Area Scene Selection Interface (LASSI), to aid in the selection of imagery for this data set. This innovative approach to scene selection applied a user-defined weighting system to various scene parameters: image cloud cover, image vegetation greenness, choice of sensor, and the ability of the Landsat-7 Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-off pair to completely fill image gaps, among others. The parameters considered in scene selection were weighted according to their relative importance to the data set, along with the algorithm's sensitivity to that weight. This paper describes the methodology and analysis that established the parameter weighting strategy, as well as the post-screening processes used in selecting the optimal data set for GLS2005. C1 [Franks, Shannon] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Franks, Shannon] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch Code 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Headley, Rachel M. K.] EROS, USGS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gasch, John] Emalico LLC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 428 1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arvidson, Terry] Lockheed Martin, Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Franks, S (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Shannon.franks@nasa.gov RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012 FU NASA FX We would like to thank the NASA Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) program for their support in funding the work. We also thank Darrel Williams for added support through the Landsat Project Science Office. This work could not be accomplished without Dr. Robert A. Morris and Dr. Lina Khatib at the Computational Sciences Division of NASA Ames Research Center for developing the Global Map Generator (GMG) algorithm, which serves as the heart of LASSI. Lastly, we appreciate the reviewers' constructive comments. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1287 EP 1296 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 522UM UT WOS:000272024500007 ER PT J AU Ji, L Zhang, L Wylie, B AF Ji, Lei Zhang, Li Wylie, Bruce TI Analysis of Dynamic Thresholds for the Normalized Difference Water Index SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID TIME-SERIES; FLOOD INUNDATION; IMAGES; LAKES; AREA; NDWI; FEATURES; AVHRR AB The normalized difference water index (NDWI) has been successfully used to delineate surface water features. However, two major problems have been often encountered: (a) NDWIs calculated from different band combinations [visible, near-infrared, or shortwave-infrared (SWIR)] can generate different results, and (b) NDWI thresholds vary depending on the proportions of subpixel water/non-water components. We need to evaluate all the NDWIs for determining the best performing index and to establish appropriate thresholds for clearly identifying water features. We used the spectral data obtained from a spectral library to simulate the satellite sensors Landsat ETM+, SPOT-5, ASTER, and MODIS, and calculated the simulated NDWI in different forms. We found that the NDWI calculated from (green - SWIR)/(green + SWIR), where swirl is the shorter wavelength region (1.2 to 1.8 mu m), has the most stable threshold. We recommend this NDWI be employed for mapping water, but adjustment of the threshold based on actual situations is necessary. C1 [Ji, Lei] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wylie, Bruce] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS FX This research was funded by the USGS through the Earth Surface Dynamics program, the Climate Effects Network, and the Land Remote Sensing and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring programs. The spectral library data presented in the paper were reproduced from the ASTER Spectral Library through the courtesy of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. Copyright (c) 1999, California Institute of Technology. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. We thank Gabriel Senay, Limin Yang, Larry Tieszen, and three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments and suggestions. NR 21 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1307 EP 1317 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 522UM UT WOS:000272024500009 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Athfield, NB AF Woodman, Neal Athfield, Nancy Beavan TI Post-Clovis survival of American Mastodon in the southern Great Lakes Region of North America SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Accelerator mass spectrometer; Extinction; Indiana; Mammal; Paleoindian; Radiocarbon ID PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIAN EXTINCTIONS; CALIBRATION PROGRAM; AGE CALIBRATION; LATE QUATERNARY; BONE-COLLAGEN; C-14 DATA; INDIANA; PALEOECOLOGY; MAMMOTH; RECORD AB The end of the Pleistocene in North America was marked by a wave of extinctions of large mammals, with the last known appearances of many species falling between ca 11,000-10,000 (14)C yr BP Temporally, this period overlaps with the Clovis Paleoindian cultural complex (11,190-10,530 (14)C yr BP) and with sudden climatic changes that define the beginning of the Younger Dryas chronozone (ca 11,000-10,000 (14)C yr BP), both of which have been considered as potential proximal causes of this extinction event Radiocarbon dating of enamel and filtered bone collagen from an extinct American Mastodon (Mammut americanum) from northern Indiana, USA, by accelerator mass spectrometer yielded direct dates of 10,055 +/- 40 (14)C yr BP and 10,032 +/- 40 (14)C yr BP indicating that the animal survived beyond the Clovis time period and into the late Younger Dryas Although the late survival of this species in mid-continental North America does nor remove either humans or climatic change as contributing causes for the late Pleistocene extinctions, neither Clovis hunters nor the climatic perturbations initiating the Younger Dryas chronozone were immediately responsible for driving mastodons to extinction. (C) 2009 University of Washington Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Athfield, Nancy Beavan] GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.06.009 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 512MQ UT WOS:000271254000006 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Hodgins, GWL Etayo-Cadavid, MF Andrus, CFT AF Jones, Kevin B. Hodgins, Gregory W. L. Etayo-Cadavid, Miguel F. Andrus, C. Fred T. TI Upwelling signals in radiocarbon from early 20th-century Peruvian bay scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) shells SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Argopecten; Carbon isotopes; ENSO; Equatorial Undercurrent; Mollusk; Oxygen isotopes; Peru; Radiocarbon; Seasonality; Upwelling ID METABOLIC CARBON CONTRIBUTION; EL-NINO; RESERVOIR AGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; GROWTH LINES; VARIABILITY; SEA; TEMPERATURE; HOLOCENE; SAMPLES AB We quantified Delta(14)C, delta(18)O, and delta(13)C Cycles along ontogeny within four bay scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) shells collected from Callao Bay, Salaverry, and Sechura Bay, Peru following the 1907-1908 non-El Nino years and the 1925-1926 El Nino Delta(14)C and delta(13)C generally covary; Delta(14)C and delta(18)O vary inversely. Simultaneous decreases in Delta(14)C and increases in delta(18)O in non-El Nino shells are followed by constant Delta 14C and gradually decreasing delta(18)O, which we interpret as evidence for discrete marine upwelling events followed by warming of the initially cold upwelled water Upwelling changes from El Nino events are detectable with difficulty in mollusk shell Delta(14)C. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Jones, Kevin B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hodgins, Gregory W. L.] NSF Arizona AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ USA. [Etayo-Cadavid, Miguel F.; Andrus, C. Fred T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Jones, Kevin/A-7449-2014 OI Jones, Kevin/0000-0002-6386-2623 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 72 IS 3 BP 452 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.07.008 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 512MQ UT WOS:000271254000016 ER PT J AU Kulongoski, JT Hilton, DR Izbicki, JA Belitz, K AF Kulongoski, J. T. Hilton, D. R. Izbicki, J. A. Belitz, K. TI Evidence for prolonged El Nino-like conditions in the Pacific during the Late Pleistocene: a 43 ka noble gas record from California groundwaters SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXCESS AIR; PALEOTEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE DESERT AB Information on the ocean/atmosphere state over the period spanning the Last Glacial Maximum - from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene - provides crucial constraints on the relationship between orbital forcing and global climate change. The Pacific Ocean is particularly important in this respect because of its dominant role in exporting heat and moisture from the tropics to higher latitudes. Through targeting groundwaters in the Mojave Desert, California, we show that noble gas derived temperatures in California averaged 4.2 +/- 1.1 degrees C cooler in the Late Pleistocene (from similar to 43 to similar to 12 ka) compared to the Holocene (from - 10 to - 5 ka). Furthermore, the older groundwaters contain higher concentrations of excess air (entrained air bubbles) and have elevated oxygen-18/oxygen-16 ratios (delta(18)O) - indicators of vigorous aquifer recharge, and greater rainfall amounts and/or more intense precipitation events, respectively. Together, these paleoclimate indicators reveal that cooler and wetter conditions prevailed in the Mojave Desert from similar to 43 to similar to 12 ka. We suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, the Pacific ocean/atmosphere state was similar to present-day El Nino-like patterns, and was characterized by prolonged periods of weak trade winds, weak upwelling along the eastern Pacific margin, and increased precipitation in the southwestern U.S. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kulongoski, J. T.; Izbicki, J. A.; Belitz, K.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Kulongoski, J. T.; Hilton, D. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Fluids & Volatiles Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kulongoski, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM kulongos@usgs.gov RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008; OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154 NR 64 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 23-24 BP 2465 EP 2473 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.008 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 513PO UT WOS:000271335400013 ER PT J AU Carlson, AE Clark, PU Hostetler, SW AF Carlson, Anders E. Clark, Peter U. Hostetler, Steven W. TI Comment: Radiocarbon deglaciation chronology of the Thunder Bay, Ontario area and implications for ice sheet retreat patterns SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Letter ID GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; LAURENTIDE ICE; YOUNGER DRYAS; MOORHEAD PHASE; COLD EVENT; CLIMATE; AGE; MELTWATER; BP C1 [Carlson, Anders E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clark, Peter U.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hostetler, Steven W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Carlson, AE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM acarlson@geology.wisc.edu NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 23-24 BP 2546 EP 2547 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.005 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 513PO UT WOS:000271335400021 ER PT J AU Schimmelmann, A Albertino, A Sauer, PE Qi, HP Molinie, R Mesnard, F AF Schimmelmann, Arndt Albertino, Andrea Sauer, Peter E. Qi, Haiping Molinie, Roland Mesnard, Francois TI Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level H-2-, C-13- and N-15-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DELTA-N-15 MEASUREMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; DELTA-C-13; HYDROGEN; SEPARATION; CARBON; WATER; ACID; OIL AB Accurate determinations of stable isotope ratios require a calibration using at least two reference materials with different isotopic compositions to anchor the isotopic scale and compensate for differences in machine slope. Ideally, the delta values of these reference materials should bracket the isotopic range of samples with unknown delta values. While the practice of analyzing two isotopically distinct reference materials is common for water (VSMOW-SLAP) and carbonates (NBS 19 and L-SVEC), the lack of widely available organic reference materials with distinct isotopic composition has hindered the practice when analyzing organic materials by elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). At present only L-glutamic acids USGS40 and USGS41 satisfy these requirements for delta C-13 and delta N-15, with the limitation that L-glutamic acid is not suitable for analysis by gas chromatography (GC). We describe the development and quality testing of (i) four nicotine laboratory reference materials for on-line (i.e. continuous flow) hydrogen reductive gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC-IRMS), (ii) five nicotines for oxidative C, N gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS, or GC-IRMS), and (iii) also three acetanilide and three urea reference materials for on-line oxidative EA-IRMS for C and N. Isotopic off-line calibration against international stable isotope measurement standards at Indiana University adhered to the 'principle of identical treatment'. The new reference materials cover the following isotopic ranges: delta H-2(nicotine) -162 to -45 parts per thousand, delta C-13(nicotine) -30.05 to +7.72 parts per thousand, delta N-15(nicotine) -6.03 to +33.62 parts per thousand; delta N-15(acetanilide) +1.18 to +40.57 parts per thousand; delta C-13(urea) -34.13 to +11.71 parts per thousand, delta N-15(urea) +0.26 to +40.61 parts per thousand (recommended delta values refer to calibration with NBS 19, L-SVEC, IAEA-N-1, and IAEA-N-2). Nicotines fill a gap as the first organic nitrogen stable isotope reference materials for GC-IRMS that are available with different delta N-15 values. Comparative delta C-13 and delta N-15 on-line EA-IRMS data from 14 volunteering laboratories document the usefulness and reliability of acetanilides and ureas as EA-IRMS reference materials. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schimmelmann, Arndt; Sauer, Peter E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Albertino, Andrea] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim IFM, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Molinie, Roland; Mesnard, Francois] Univ Picardy Jules Verne, UFR Pharm, Plant & Insect Biol Res Unit, BioPI EA3900, F-80037 Amiens 1, France. RP Schimmelmann, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM aschimme@indiana.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Research [DEFG02-00ER15032]; Regione Piemonte - Progetto [CIPE 2006] FX We thank volunteering laboratories (see Table 1) for their EA-IRMS efforts. The manuscript benefited greatly from constructive comments from T. B. Coplen and an anonymous reviewer. Arndt Schimmelmann acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Research Grant DEFG02-00ER15032. Andrea Albertino received a fellowship from Regione Piemonte - Progetto CIPE 2006. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 23 IS 22 BP 3513 EP 3521 DI 10.1002/rcm.4277 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 516JV UT WOS:000271539200003 PM 19844968 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, NB Grundel, R AF Pavlovic, Noel B. Grundel, Ralph TI Reintroduction of Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis L.) Depends on Variation in Canopy, Vegetation, and Litter Cover SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbivory; plant size; regeneration niche; seedling desiccation; seedling mortality ID LYCAEIDES-MELISSA-SAMUELIS; FIRE FREQUENCY; OAK SAVANNA; SPECIES COMPOSITION; NEW-YORK; PLANT; GRADIENTS; USA; MINNESOTA; FOREST AB We experimentally examined the effects of canopy, vegetation, and leaf litter cover on the demography of Wild lupines (Lupinus perennis) in a central North American oak savanna spanning 9 years. We also compared the distribution of Wild lupine across the landscape to results predicted by the demographic experiments. With less canopy cover, soil temperatures were warmer and seedlings emerged earlier. Seedling survival increased 14% with each additional leaf grown. Seedling survival was four times greater in openings and partial shade than in dense shade. Seedling survival was also influenced by interactions between canopy cover and vegetation cover, between canopy cover and leaf litter, and among canopy cover, vegetation cover, and litter cover. In openings, seedlings had higher survival when vegetative cover was present, suggesting a positive shading effect on survival, but with greater canopy cover vegetative cover reduced survival. Seedling survival was greater for plants that experienced herbivory, a result that was probably related to plant size and quality rather than having been eaten. Survival of lupines to 9 years after seed planting was greatest in the partial shade, moderate in openings, and least in dense shade. Wild lupine cover across the landscape was greatest when litter cover was low and canopy cover and ground layer cover were moderate. Reduction of canopy cover by burning or cutting, and reduction of leaf litter by prescribed burning will benefit the reintroduction of Wild lupine by increasing light, reducing litter cover, and creating disturbances; however, the reduction of vegetation cover in openings may hinder lupine reintroduction. C1 [Pavlovic, Noel B.; Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Pavlovic, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM npavlovic@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey and the Great Lakes National Program Office of the Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank C. Sulzman, J. Fahey, J. Kwilosz, T. Martin, S. Swisher, A. Lai, B. Sluis, C. Knott, R. Donley, T. Semanchin, D. Wyeth, N. Hoffman, V. Peoples, K. Pahys, J. Olson, M. Lyons, R. Nagel, S. Bascom, L. Schilling, and L. Forste for assisting in the field work. S. Leicht-Young, K. Quinlan, and three anonymous reviewers made helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. The research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Great Lakes National Program Office of the Environmental Protection Agency. This manuscript is contribution 1329 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 807 EP 817 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00417.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 524GL UT WOS:000272131700006 ER PT J AU Ulrich, EM Foreman, WT Van Metre, PC Wilson, JT Rounds, SA AF Ulrich, Elin M. Foreman, William T. Van Metre, Peter C. Wilson, Jennifer T. Rounds, Stewart A. TI Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from US Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Core; Suspended; Surficial; Organochlorine pesticide; Chiral separation ID RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ENANTIOSELECTIVE DETERMINATION; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CHIRAL SIGNATURES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CORN-BELT; SOIL; METABOLITES; RATIOS AB Spatial, temporal, and sediment-type trends in enantiomer signatures were evaluated for cis- and trans-chlordane (CC, TC) in archived core, suspended, and surficial-sediment samples from six lake, reservoir, and river sites across the United States. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) measured in these samples are in good agreement with those reported for sediment, soil, and air samples in previous studies. The chlordane EFs were generally close to the racemic value of 0.5, with CC values ranging from 0.493 to 0.527 (usually >0.5) and TC values from 0.463 to 0.53 (usually <0.5). EF changes with core depth were detected for TC and CC in some cores, with the most non-racemic values near the top of the core. Surficial and suspended sediments generally have EF values similar to the top core layers but are often more non-racemic, indicating that enantioselective degradation is occurring before soils are eroded and deposited into bottom sediments, We hypothesize that rapid losses (desorption or degradation) from suspended sediments of the more bioavailable chlordane fraction during transport and initial deposition could explain the apparent shift to more racemic EF values in surficial and top core sediments. Near racemic CC and TC in the core profiles suggest minimal alteration of chlordane from biotic degradation, unless it is via non-enantioselective processes. EF values for the heptachlor degradate, heptachlor epoxide (HEPX), determined in surficial sediments from one location only were always non-racemic (EF approximate to 0.66), were indicative of substantial biotic processing, and followed reported EF trends. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ulrich, Elin M.; Foreman, William T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Van Metre, Peter C.; Wilson, Jennifer T.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Rounds, Stewart A.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Foreman, WT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, POB 25585, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM wforeman@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU National Research Council; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology and National Water-Quality Assessment Programs FX The authors thank the National Research Council and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology and National Water-Quality Assessment Programs for postdoctoral fellowship (EMU) and other financial support. The authors also thank Wayne Garrison and Charles Wong for technical discussions, Kelly Smalling and Kathy Echols for USGS colleague reviews, and Tony Gemma, Mary Kidd, and Keith Lucey for editorial reviews. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 22 BP 5884 EP 5893 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 513QQ UT WOS:000271338600011 PM 19726072 ER PT J AU Chapman, DC Deters, JE AF Chapman, Duane C. Deters, Joseph E. TI Effect of Water Hardness and Dissolved-Solid Concentration on Hatching Success and Egg Size in Bighead Carp SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILVER; FERTILIZATION AB Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis is an Asian species that has been introduced to the United States and is regarded as a highly undesirable invader. Soft water has been said to cause the bursting of Asian carp eggs and thus has been suggested as a factor that would limit the spread of this species. To evaluate this, we subjected fertilized eggs of bighead carp to waters with a wide range of hardness and dissolved-solid concentrations. Hatching rate and egg size were not significantly affected by the different water qualities. These results, combined with the low hardness (28-84 mg/L) of the Yangtze River (the primary natal habitat of Hypophthalmichthys spp.), suggest that managers and those performing risk assessments for the establishment of Hypophthalmichthys spp. should be cautious about treating low hardness and dissolved-solid concentrations as limiting factors. C1 [Chapman, Duane C.; Deters, Joseph E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, ASRC Management Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Chapman, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, ASRC Management Serv, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dchapman@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1226 EP 1231 DI 10.1577/T09-004.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500003 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Vokoun, JC Dauwalter, DC Hughes, RM Herlihy, AT Maret, TR Patton, TM AF Kanno, Yoichiro Vokoun, Jason C. Dauwalter, Daniel C. Hughes, Robert M. Herlihy, Alan T. Maret, Terry R. Patton, Tim M. TI Influence of Rare Species on Electrofishing Distance When Estimating Species Richness of Stream and River Reaches SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAFTABLE OREGON RIVERS; WESTERN US STREAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SAMPLING EFFORT; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; FISH COMMUNITIES; EFFORT REQUIREMENTS; ASSEMBLAGES; INDEX; BIOASSESSMENT AB The electrofishing distance needed to estimate fish species richness at the stream or river reach scale is an important question in fisheries science. This distance is governed by the shape of the species accumulation curve, which, in turn, is influenced by a combination of factors, including the number of species, their overall abundances, habitat associations, the efficiency of the sampling method, and the occurrence of rare species. In this study we document the influence of rare species on the species accumulation curves from stream and river sites in data sets from five dispersed regions of the USA. Spatial discontinuity (i.e., a noncontinuous distribution within reaches) was observed in four of the five data sets, and the four data sets contained numerically rare species represented by one or two individuals (termed singletons and doubletons, respectively). Numerically rare species were typically proportionately rare (i.e., <1% of the total number of individuals captured), but proportionately rare species were not always numerically rare and were dependent on the total number of fish captured. Species richness asymptotes were reached at shorter electrofishing distances when singletons and doubletons were removed. The number of singletons and doubletons in the samples remained relatively constant with increasing sampling effort (i.e., sampling distance and total abundance). Simulation modeling indicated that individual aggregation within species was not a plausible reason for spatially discontinuous species distributions. When accurately detecting the presence of species is a sampling goal, the presence and prevalence of numerically rare species may need to be considered in determining sampling protocols. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro; Vokoun, Jason C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Trout Unlimited, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.; Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Maret, Terry R.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Patton, Tim M.] SE Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Durant, OK 74701 USA. RP Vokoun, JC (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 136 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jason.vokoun@uconn.edu FU Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Connecticut; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [68-C98-111, CR831682-01]; University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff FX This research was supported by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection through the State Wildlife Grants Program, the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, and the University of Connecticut; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 6, under contract 68-C98-111, work assignment 1-10 to Tetra Tech, Inc. and the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff; and the EPA under cooperative agreement CR831682-01 to Oregon State University. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1240 EP 1251 DI 10.1577/T08-210.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500005 ER PT J AU Flowers, HJ Pine, WE Dutterer, AC Johnson, KG Ziewitz, JW Allen, MS Parauka, FM AF Flowers, H. Jared Pine, W. E., III Dutterer, A. C. Johnson, K. G. Ziewitz, J. W. Allen, M. S. Parauka, Frank M. TI Spawning Site Selection and Potential Implications of Modified Flow Regimes on Viability of Gulf Sturgeon Populations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-DESOTOI; SUWANNEE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC STURGEON; NATURAL MORTALITY; FLORIDA; MIGRATION; FISH; LAKE AB Rapid human population growth and an associated increase in consumptive water demands within the ecologically diverse Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River basin of the southeastern United States have led to a series of highly publicized water wars, exacerbated by recent drought conditions, between the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. A key issue is how managing riverine flows to meet human water needs will affect the viability of species that are federally listed as threatened or endangered, including the Gulf of Mexico sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi. Our present understanding of Gulf sturgeon ecology within the Apalachicola River basin indicates that altered riverine flow regimes may affect spawning success and possibly the recruitment patterns of the population. Through intensive field work, we documented Gulf sturgeon spawning site selection in the Apalachicola River and then evaluated the relationship between river stage and the available spawning habitat at these sites. We then used an age-structured simulation model to assess the effects of changes in recruitment patterns on population viability using hypothetical scenarios based on changes in flow regime and its effect on available spawning habitat. Over 3 years we were able to collect almost 500 Gulf sturgeon eggs in the Apalachicola River at three different spawning sites. We observed that the depths and flows where eggs were found were similar across years and sites despite varying river conditions. River discharges of less than 142 m(3)/s at Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam significantly reduced the spawning habitat available to Gulf sturgeon at all known spawning sites, potentially affecting recruitment. Gulf sturgeon populations are probably sensitive to changes in recruitment, and if extreme low-flow events occur with increasing frequency owing to water management policy choices or climatic events, population recovery could be impaired and the risk of extirpation could increase. Managers should consider the potential effects on Gulf sturgeon recruitment when determining future flow regime policies within the ACF. C1 [Flowers, H. Jared; Pine, W. E., III; Dutterer, A. C.; Allen, M. S.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pine, W. E., III] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Johnson, K. G.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Melbourne Freshwater Fisheries Res Lab, Melbourne, FL 32934 USA. [Ziewitz, J. W.; Parauka, Frank M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Pine, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM billpine@ufl.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries; Florida Nongame Wildlife Grants Program [NG06-004]; University of Florida FX We thank S. Bolden, O. Burgess, E. Buttermore, R. Cailteaux, G. Carmody, J. Estes, A. Flowers, W. Lampe, K. Herrington, A. Huff, C. Hutton, M. Jones, L. Marcinkiewicz, C. Messing, J. Osborne, D. Pecora, M. Randall, D. Scollan, and A. Strickland for assistance with field, technical, and logistical support. We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries, Florida Nongame Wildlife Grants Program (grant NG06-004 to W. Pine), and the University of Florida for funding and administrative support. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1266 EP 1284 DI 10.1577/T08-144.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500007 ER PT J AU Neville, H Dunham, J Rosenberger, A Umek, J Nelson, B AF Neville, Helen Dunham, Jason Rosenberger, Amanda Umek, John Nelson, Brooke TI Influences of Wildfire, Habitat Size, and Connectivity on Trout in Headwater Streams Revealed by Patterns of Genetic Diversity SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; CHARR SALVELINUS-LEUCOMAENIS; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; RIVER DRAINAGE; SALMO-TRUTTA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE LOCI AB Wildfire is an important natural process in many stream ecosystems, but the ability of fish to respond to wildfire-related disturbances is increasingly constrained by human activities that fragment and degrade stream habitats. In this study, we used molecular genetic markers (nuclear microsatellites) to examine the effects of wildfire and related disturbances along with habitat fragmentation on native rainbow trout in the Boise and Payette River basins, Idaho. We surveyed the genetic diversity of fish in 55 tributary streams to compare the level of diversity in samples without the recent influence of wildfire with that of those influenced by stand-replacing wildfire and those influenced by both wildfire and a severe channel-reorganizing disturbance. Stream habitats also varied substantially in size (catchment basin area) and isolation caused by road culverts. Based on prior work in our study streams, we expected that both wildfire and channel reorganization would reduce local population sizes significantly. Accordingly, we expected that wildfire-related disturbances would reduce genetic diversity via founder effects or population bottlenecks. Our results, however, showed little evidence of these influences. In contrast, the level of genetic diversity was lower in fish collected upstream of culvert barriers, probably because of restricted gene flow. We also observed the expected positive correlation between habitat size and genetic diversity, which suggested the importance of larger local population sizes and habitat diversity in maintaining genetic diversity. An unexpected finding was that 15 of the 55 samples showed genetic evidence of hybridization between rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and nonnative cutthroat trout O. clarkii. The results of this study suggest that human influences such as barriers to dispersal and introductions of nonnative fish may pose greater threats to populations of native trout than wildfire itself. C1 [Neville, Helen] Trout Unlimited, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Neville, Helen; Umek, John] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Dunham, Jason; Rosenberger, Amanda; Nelson, Brooke] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Dunham, Jason] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Neville, H (reprint author), Trout Unlimited, 910 W Main St,Suite 342, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM hneville@tu.org FU National Fire Plan; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; U.S. Forest Service regions 1 and 4; U.S. Geological Survey; Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Boise National Forest; Trout Unlimited FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Fire Plan, the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service regions 1 and 4, the U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, and Boise National Forest. Support for Helen Neville was provided by Trout Unlimited. We thank, among many, Michael Kellett, Dona Horan, and Tim Arrington for assistance in the field. David Nagel, Sharon Parkes, David Hockman-Wert, and Gwynne Chandler provided essential support with spatial data analysis and preparation. Thanks to Jeff Eidenshink and Brian Schwind for assistance with fire severity information. Mary Peacock at the University of Nevada-Reno generously shared her laboratory and computer resources. Bruce Rieman provided many stimulating discussions throughout the life of this project. Deborah Finn, Kim Hastings, Patrick DeHaan, and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 72 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1314 EP 1327 DI 10.1577/T08-162.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500010 ER PT J AU Myers, JT Jones, ML Stockwell, JD Yule, DL AF Myers, Jared T. Jones, Michael L. Stockwell, Jason D. Yule, Daniel L. TI Reassessment of the Predatory Effects of Rainbow Smelt on Ciscoes in Lake Superior SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDII; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; OSMERUS-MORDAX; TARGET-STRENGTH; FISH COMMUNITY; TRAWL CATCHES; NATIVE FISHES; ABUNDANCE; PREY; MICHIGAN AB Evidence from small lakes suggests that predation on larval ciscoes Coregonus artedi by nonnative rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax can lead to cisco suppression or extirpation. However, evidence from larger lakes has led to equivocal conclusions. In this study, we examine the potential predation effects of rainbow smelt in two adjacent but contrasting embayments in Lake Superior (Thunder and Black bays, Ontario). During May 2006, we sampled the ichthyoplankton, pelagic fish communities, and diet composition of rainbow smelt in both bays. Using acoustics and midwater trawling, we estimated rainbow smelt densities to be 476 +/- 34/ha (mean +/- SE) in Thunder Bay and 3,435 +/- 460/ha in Black Bay. We used a bioenergetics model to estimate the proportion of cisco larvae consumed by rainbow smelt. Our results suggest that predation by rainbow smelt accounts for 15-52% and 37-100% of the mortality of larval ciscoes in Thunder and Black bays, respectively, depending on the predator feeding rate and the scale of predator-prey overlap. We also examined the sensitivity of past conclusions (based on 1974 field collections) to assumptions of temporal overlap between rainbow smelt and larval ciscoes and estimates of rainbow smelt abundance derived from bottom trawl samples. After adjusting these parameters to reflect current understanding, we found that the previous predation estimates may have been conservative. We conclude that rainbow smelt may have been a more important contributor to the demise and slow recovery of ciscoes in Lake Superior than previously thought. C1 [Myers, Jared T.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.; Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Myers, JT (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM myersjar@msu.edu NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1352 EP 1368 DI 10.1577/T08-131.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500013 ER PT J AU Vigliano, PH Beauchamp, DA Milano, D Macchi, PJ Alonso, MF Asorey, MIG Denegri, MA Ciancio, JE Lippolt, G Rechencq, M Barriga, JP AF Vigliano, Pablo H. Beauchamp, David A. Milano, Daniela Macchi, Patricio J. Alonso, Marcelo F. Garcia Asorey, Martin I. Denegri, Maria A. Ciancio, Javier E. Lippolt, Gustavo Rechencq, Magali Barriga, Juan P. TI Quantifying Predation on Galaxiids and Other Native Organisms by Introduced Rainbow Trout in an Ultraoligotrophic Lake in Northern Patagonia, Argentina: a Bioenergetics Modeling Approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; BROWN TROUT; MICROLEPIDOTUS ATHERINIDAE; MACULATUS GALAXIIDAE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INDIVIDUAL FISH; TARGET STRENGTH; ENERGY DENSITY; IMPACTS AB Exotic rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss support an economically valuable recreational fishery in Patagonia but also create concern for impacts on native organisms. These concerns are intensified by the possibility of hatchery release programs in this region. We estimated losses of different prey from predation by rainbow trout in Lake Moreno, Rio Negro Province, Argentina, using a bioenergetics model combined with input data from directed sampling on growth, seasonal diet, distribution, and thermal experience. The fish community was sampled seasonally using gill nets, hydroacoustics, and ichthyoplankton nets. Pelagic galaxiid larvae and benthic juvenile and adult small puyen Galaxias maculatus were the most important components of the diet. Bioenergetics simulations showed that over a 6-year life span in the lake (ages 1-7), rainbow trout attained a body mass of 2.3 kg and consumed 74.7 kg of food, of which 20% consisted of galaxiid larvae and 16% consisted of adult small puyen. Based on an estimated abundance of 29,000 rainbow trout of ages 1-7, this predator exerted significant but sustainable mortality on the native prey populations, consuming 44 metric tons or an estimated 23% of the annual larval galaxiid production and 35 metric tons of adult small puyen, which represented an unknown fraction of the postlarval population. Galaxiids supported the estimated predation demand under current conditions. However, simulations of stocking strategies normally proposed for this region showed that consumption demands on prey would increase to unsustainable levels, reducing native fish populations and likely reducing growth of rainbow trout. It is also probable that the fish community composition would shift further in response to the increased demand for prey by stocked predators. This implies that in some cases, stocking could jeopardize sport fisheries; stocking strategies should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to be consistent with specific objectives for native fish conservation and sustainable food web interactions. C1 [Vigliano, Pablo H.; Denegri, Maria A.; Rechencq, Magali] UNC, CONICET, INIBIOMA, Grp Evaluac & Manejo Recursos Ict, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Milano, Daniela] UNC, CONICET, INIBIOMA, Lab Fotobiol, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Garcia Asorey, Martin I.; Ciancio, Javier E.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CENPAT, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Barriga, Juan P.] UNC, CONICET, INIBIOMA, Lab Ictiol & Acuicultura Expt, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Vigliano, PH (reprint author), UNC, CONICET, INIBIOMA, Grp Evaluac & Manejo Recursos Ict, Quintral 1250, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM pviglia@crub.uncoma.edu.ar FU Universidad Nacional del Comahue [04/B923]; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica [01-04080]; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; D.A.B.; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Claudia Boy for galaxiid larval energy density determination and Pablo Alvear, Mauricio Ugoccioni, and Pepe Di Giusto for their field assistance. This paper was partially supported by Universidad Nacional del Comahue (Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, 04/B923), Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Proyecto Investigacion Ciencia Technologia 01-04080), and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. A Fulbright Scholar Grant partially supported D.A.B.'s involvement in this research. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1419 DI 10.1577/T08-067.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500016 ER PT J AU Hewitt, AH Kwak, TJ Cope, WG Pollock, KH AF Hewitt, Amanda H. Kwak, Thomas J. Cope, W. Gregory Pollock, Kenneth H. TI Population Density and Instream Habitat Suitability of the Endangered Cape Fear Shiner SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; NOTROPIS-MEKISTOCHOLAS; STREAM FISHES; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITY; GROWTH; RIVER AB The Cape Fear shiner Notropis mekistocholas is an endangered minnow endemic to the Cape Fear River basin of North Carolina; only five populations remain, all of which are declining. Determining the population densities and habitat requirements of the species is critical to its survival and restoration planning. We conducted population surveys (four sites) and instream microhabitat suitability analyses (six sites) on the Rocky and Deep rivers to (1) estimate the population density of Cape Fear shiners, (2) quantify the use, availability, and suitability of microhabitats, and (3) determine whether physical habitat alterations were a likely cause of local extirpations and whether instream habitat limits the occurrence and density of this species. Density ranged from 795 fish/ha to 1,393 fish/ha (4,768-7,392 fish/km) at three of the sites surveyed and was too low to be estimated at the fourth site. The fish most frequently occupied riffles and velocity breaks at moderate depths over gravel substrates. It occupied microhabitats nonrandomly with respect to availability; the microhabitats occupied were similar between spawning and postspawning seasons but shallower during spawning. Comparisons of suitable habitat among sites where the fish is extant, rare, or extirpated suggest that suitable substrate (gravel) is lacking where the fish is rare and that suitable microhabitat combinations, especially with respect to water velocity, are rare at all sites. Potential reintroduction sites where the species is rare or extirpated were shallower than extant sites, and one site where the fish is extirpated contained suitable physical habitat but lacked adequate water quality. Another site where the species is rare would require substrate alteration to improve conditions. The survival and recovery of the Cape Fear shiner is dependent on the protection of remaining suitable physical habitat with approaches that consider instream habitat, water quality, and biotic interactions as well as human uses and alterations of the river, riparian zone, and watershed. C1 [Hewitt, Amanda H.; Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey, State Partnership Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Wildlife Management Institute FX We are grateful to many state and federal agency staff who provided information and guidance associated with this research. Tom Augspurger of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service was instrumental in the initiation of this research and provided valuable insight. Discussions during the planning stages with John Fridell and David Rabon of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, John Alderman and Judy Ratcliffe, formerly of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Matt Matthews and Larry Ausley of the North Carolina Division of Water Quality, and Damian Shea of North Carolina State University, also facilitated the project. Drew Dutterer, Nick Jeffers, Peter Lazaro, Ed Malindzak, Ryan Speckman, and Stephen Wilkes assisted with field data collection. This research was funded by grants from the U.S. Geological Survey, State Partnership Program, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program (Study Identification Number 200040001). The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1439 EP 1457 DI 10.1577/T08-038.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500018 ER PT J AU Matala, AP French, R Olsen, E Ardren, WR AF Matala, A. P. French, R. Olsen, E. Ardren, W. R. TI Ecotype Distinctions among Steelhead in Hood River, Oregon, Allow Real-Time Genetic Assignment of Conservation Broodstocks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RAINBOW-TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHINOOK SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Efforts to rehabilitate threatened summer-run (SR) and winter-run (WR) populations of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Hood River, Oregon, include operation of two conservation hatchery programs. Annual collection of discrete broodstocks relies on identification of SR and WR fish based on return time, reproductive state, and other physical and behavioral characteristics. An increased likelihood of misidentification occurs in the spring, when SR and WR return times overlap. The resulting interbreeding between ecotypes in the hatchery imposes serious genetic risks to wild SR and WR steelhead populations. We characterized life history differences between Hood River SR and WR steelhead and evaluated genetic structure using a suite of microsatellite loci. Significant differences in life history, including age at return and fork length, were corroborated by spatially influenced genetic structure among SR and WR fish; SR fish spawn in the west fork of the Hood River, while WR fish spawn in the east and middle forks. Temporal and spatial distinctions persist among Hood River steelhead ecotypes despite past operation of segregated hatchery programs utilizing out-of-basin stocks. We evaluated the feasibility of using real-time genetic assignment tests to differentiate SR from WR among candidate broodstock fish captured downstream of spawning grounds. Among adult steelhead of known origin, we observed 91.5% assignment accuracy for WR fish and 77.7% accuracy for SR fish. A rapid-response protocol was subsequently developed that provides hatchery managers with genetic assignment of broodstock to ecotypes within 24 h after interrogation of returning fish. C1 [Matala, A. P.; Ardren, W. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [French, R.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Dalles Dist Off, The Dalles, OR 97058 USA. [Olsen, E.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Dalles Screen Shop, The Dalles, OR 97058 USA. RP Matala, AP (reprint author), Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM mata@critfc.org FU Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Bonneville Power Administration [00018702] FX We extend our appreciation and gratitude to Peter Lofy and Don Campton for their assistance in project development; Tyla Metzentine for her effort in processing steelhead at the Powerdale Dam facility; and Jim Gidley, Alexis Voivoda, and the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation for their dedication to broodstock maintenance and steelhead conservation efforts. We appreciate the editorial contributions by Christian Smith, Patty Crandell, and Don Campton. This work was funded by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (to A. P. M. and W. R. A.) and the Bonneville Power Administration (Contract Number 00018702 to W. R. A.). The conclusions and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1490 EP 1509 DI 10.1577/T08-096.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500021 ER PT J AU Simon, NS Lynch, D Gallaher, TN AF Simon, Nancy S. Lynch, Dennis Gallaher, Thomas N. TI Phosphorus Fractionation in Sediment Cores Collected In 2005 Before and After Onset of an Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Bloom in Upper Klamath Lake, OR, USA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus fractionation; Residual phosphorus; Cyanophyte; Eutrophic; Shallow lake; Metals ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; INORGANIC PHOSPHATES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; OREGON; RELEASE; PALEOLIMNOLOGY; SPECTROSCOPY; GLACIATION; BACTERIA; IMPACT AB We tested the hypothesis that there would be measurable losses of phosphorus (P) from surficial sediments of Upper Klamath Lake (UKL), Oregon, if sediments were a source of P during an algal bloom. We compared concentrations of total and forms of P at various depths in cores collected before and after the onset of a large Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom. Concentrations of inorganic P were determined in extraction solutions of MgCl(2) (1 M, pH 8), citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate, and 1 M HCl. Sediments below 2 cm were dominated by residual P which is defined as total P minus inorganic P. During the study period, data from the top 2-cm of sediment indicated (a) significant decrease in total P concentration, primarily associated with iron oxyhydroxides at one site, and (b) significant increase in total P concentration associated with residual P at a second site. Data from two other sites indicated no net changes in concentrations of total P. C1 [Simon, Nancy S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Study 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lynch, Dennis] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97211 USA. [Gallaher, Thomas N.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Simon, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Study 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nssimon@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey Klamath Falls Field Office; U. S. Bureau of Reclamation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation for part of the project. s. d. g. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 204 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s11270-009-0033-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 515WZ UT WOS:000271504900013 ER PT J AU Stoeckel, DM Stelzer, EA Dick, LK AF Stoeckel, Donald M. Stelzer, Erin A. Dick, Linda K. TI Evaluation of two spike-and-recovery controls for assessment of extraction efficiency in microbial source tracking studies SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Quality control; Quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Extraction efficiency; Water; Microbial source tracking ID REAL-TIME PCR; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BOVINE FECAL POLLUTION; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; PANTOEA-STEWARTII; GENETIC-MARKERS; FRESH-WATER; ASSAY AB Quantitative PCR (qPCR), applied to complex environmental samples such as water, wastewater, and feces, is susceptible to methodological and sample related biases. in this study, we evaluated two exogenous DNA spike-and-recovery controls as proxies for recovery efficiency of Bacteroidales 16S rDNA gene sequences (AllBac and qHF183) that are used for microbial source tracking (MST) in river water. Two controls-(1) the plant pathogen Pantoea stewartii, carrying the chromosomal target gene cpsD, and (2) Escherichia coli, carrying the plasmid-borne target gene DsRed2-were added to raw water samples immediately prior to concentration and DNA extraction for qPCR. When applied to samples processed in replicate, recovery of each control was positively correlated with the observed concentration of each MST marker. Adjustment of MST marker concentrations according to recovery efficiency reduced variability in replicate analyses when consistent processing and extraction methodologies were applied. Although the effects of this procedure on accuracy could not be tested due to uncertainties in control DNA concentrations, the observed reduction in variability should improve the strength of statistical comparisons. These findings suggest that either of the tested spike-and-recovery controls can be useful to measure efficiency of extraction and recovery in routine laboratory processing. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dick, Linda K.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stoeckel, Donald M.; Stelzer, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Microbiol Lab, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Dick, LK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dick.80@osu.edu RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012; OI Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X; Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603 FU Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission; Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments; Colorado Springs Utilities; City of Colorado Springs FX Research funding was provided under USGS cooperative water program agreements with the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission, Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments, Colorado Springs Utilities, and the City of Colorado Springs. The authors are grateful to D. Coplin, Ohio State University plant pathologist, for providing a culture of P. stewartii and W.B. Schill, US Geological Survey research microbiologist, for providing the qPCR assay for pDsRed2. Rich Haugland, USEPA, and Chris Sinigalliano, NOAA, provided valuable insight into issues related to spike-and-recovery controls during preparation of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 19 BP 4820 EP 4827 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.028 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 523FH UT WOS:000272057000006 PM 19589555 ER PT J AU Bushon, RN Likirdopulos, CA Brady, AMG AF Bushon, Rebecca N. Likirdopulos, Christina A. Brady, Amie M. G. TI Comparison of immunomagnedic separation/adenosine triphosphate rapid method to traditional culture-based method for E. coli and enterococci enumeration in wastewater SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE E. coli; Enterococci; Wastewater; Rapid method; Immunomagnetic separation; ATP detection ID REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Untreated wastewater samples from California, North Carolina, and Ohio were analyzed by the immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (IMS/ATP) method and the traditional culture-based method for E. coli and enterococci concentrations. The IMS/ATP method concentrates target bacteria by immunomagnetic separation and then quantifies captured bacteria by measuring bioluminescence induced by release of ATP from the bacterial cells. Results from this method are available within 1 h from the start of sample processing. Significant linear correlations were found between the IMS/ATP results and results from traditional culture-based methods for E. coli and enterococci enumeration for one location in California, two locations in North Carolina, and one location in Ohio (r values ranged from 0.87 to 0.97). No significant linear relation was found for a second location in California that treats a complex mixture of residential and industrial wastewater. With the exception of one location, IMS/ATP showed promise as a rapid method for the quantification of faecal-indicator organisms in wastewater. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Likirdopulos, Christina A.; Brady, Amie M. G.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Bushon, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM rnbushon@usgs.gov; amgbrady@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX The authors thank John Griffith and staff from the Southern California Coastal Water Research project for providing wastewater samples and guidance on method testing. We also thank Charles McGee from the Orange County Sanitation District; Angela Coulliette, formerly with University of North Carolina-Institute of Marine Sciences in Morehead City, NC; and David Love, formerly with University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, for providing wastewater samples. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The use of brand, firm, and trade names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 19 BP 4940 EP 4946 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.047 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 523FH UT WOS:000272057000018 PM 19628248 ER PT J AU Chacon, L Gomez, MC Jenkins, JA Leibo, SP Wirtu, G Dresser, BL Pope, CE AF Chacon, Liliana Gomez, Martha C. Jenkins, Jill A. Leibo, Stanley P. Wirtu, Gemechu Dresser, Betsy L. Pope, C. Earle TI Production of bovine cloned embryos with donor cells frozen at a slow cooling rate in a conventional freezer (-20 degrees C) SO ZYGOTE LA English DT Article DE Bovine; Cloning; Conventional Freezer; Fibroblasts; -20 degrees C ID IN-VITRO PRODUCTION; NUCLEAR TRANSFER; PORCINE BLASTOCYSTS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; HANDMADE CLONING; GRANULOSA-CELLS; CRYOPRESERVATION; ADULT; HEPATOCYTES; VIABILITY AB Usually, fibroblasts are frozen in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, 10% v/v) at a cooling rate of 1 degrees C/min in a low-temperature (-80 degrees C) freezer (LTF) before storage in liquid nitrogen (LN2); however, a LTF is not always available. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate apoptosis and viability of bovine fibroblasts frozen in a LTF or conventional freezer (CF; -20 degrees C) and their subsequent ability for development to blastocyst stage after fusion with enucleated bovine oocytes. Percentages of live cells frozen in LTF (49.5%) and CF (50.6%) were similar, but significantly less than non-frozen control (88%). In both CF and LTF, percentages of live apoptotic cells exposed to LN2 after freezing were lower (4% and 5%, respectively) as compared with unexposed cells (10% and 18%, respectively). Cells frozen in a CF had fewer cell doublings/24 h (0.45) and required more days (9.1) to reach 100% confluence at the first passage (P) after thawing and. plating as compared with cells frozen in a LTF (0.96 and 4.0 days, respectively). Hypoploidy at P12 was higher than at P4 in cells frozen in either a CF (37.5% vs. 19.2%) or in a LTF (30.0% vs. 15.4%). A second-generation cryo-solution reduced the incidence of necrosis (29.4%) at 0 h after thawing as compared with that of a first generation cryo-solution (DMEM + DMSO, 60.2%). The percentage of apoptosis in live cells was affected by cooling rate (CF = 1.9% vs. LFT = 0.7%). Development of bovine cloned embryos to the blastocyst stage was not affected by cooling rate or freezer type. C1 [Chacon, Liliana; Gomez, Martha C.; Leibo, Stanley P.; Wirtu, Gemechu; Dresser, Betsy L.; Pope, C. Earle] Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA 70131 USA. [Chacon, Liliana] Colombian Natl Univ, Sch Vet Med, Bogota, Colombia. [Chacon, Liliana; Leibo, Stanley P.; Dresser, Betsy L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Gomez, Martha C.] Colombian Natl Univ, Inst Genet, Bogota, Colombia. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Gomez, MC (reprint author), Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, 14001 River Rd, New Orleans, LA 70131 USA. EM mgomez@auduboninstitute.org RI Chacon, Liliana/P-9257-2016 OI Chacon, Liliana/0000-0001-6030-9649 FU Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species (ACRES); USGS; ACRES and LSU; Colombian National University; Colciencias FX This work was supported by Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species (ACRES), USGS and, partially by a grant from the ACRES and LSU system collaborative projects. Colombian National University and Colciencias financed a fellowship and part of the residency of Liliana Chacon while she was conducting the research in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0967-1994 EI 1469-8730 J9 ZYGOTE JI Zygote PD NOV PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1017/S0967199409005474 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 511RJ UT WOS:000271184000008 PM 19500443 ER PT J AU Leone, G Davies, AG Wilson, L Williams, DA Keszthelyi, LP Jaeger, WL Turtle, EP AF Leone, Giovanni Davies, Ashley Gerard Wilson, Lionel Williams, David A. Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Jaeger, Windy L. Turtle, Elizabeth P. TI Volcanic history, geologic analysis and map of the Prometheus Patera region on Io SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Io; Prometheus; volcano; geology; tectonics ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; GALILEO OBSERVATIONS; MAGMA; ERUPTION; NIMS; LITHOSPHERE; MOUNTAINS; SSI; CONSTRAINTS; TEMPERATURE AB Data from Jupiter's moon Io returned by the Galileo spacecraft have been used to create a geologic map of Prometheus Patera, its associated flow field, and nearby features. We have identified the location of the vent that fed the Prometheus flow field during the Galileo epoch in the north-eastern portion of the main Prometheus flow field. This vent is the probable source of a small sulphur-rich plume. Previous studies suggested that the vent may be atop a tectonic fault but we find that the vent is offset from the putative fault. It is plausible that, in the past, magma exploited the fault to reach the surface at Prometheus Patera, but subsequent magma cooling in the conduit could have caused an obstruction preventing further eruptions from providing significant contributions to the Prometheus flow field. We also speculate on how a new Prometheus plumbing system may be fed by mafic magmas after melt stalls in magma reservoirs during its ascent through the lithosphere from the mantle. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leone, Giovanni; Wilson, Lionel] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Davies, Ashley Gerard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Williams, David A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.; Jaeger, Windy L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Leone, G (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. EM g.leone@lancaster.ac.uk RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 FU NASA FX Part of this work was carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program and Outer Planets Research Program. Giovanni Leone thanks Bob Pappalardo for a travel grant contribution to work at JPL The authors thank Jani Radebaugh and Paul Geissler for their reviews of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 187 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.019 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 516KG UT WOS:000271540400008 ER PT J AU Ge, SM Liu, MA Lu, N Godt, JW Luo, G AF Ge, Shemin Liu, Mian Lu, Ning Godt, Jonathan W. Luo, Gang TI Did the Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SEISMICITY; SICHUAN; CHINA AB The devastating May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M(w) 7.9) resulted from thrust of the Tibet Plateau on the Longmen Shan fault zone, a consequence of the Indo-Asian continental collision. Many have speculated on the role played by the Zipingpu Reservoir, impounded in 2005 near the epicenter, in triggering the earthquake. This study evaluates the stress changes in response to the impoundment of the Zipingpu Reservoir and assesses their impact on the Wenchuan earthquake. We show that the impoundment could have changed the Coulomb stress by -0.01 to 0.05 MPa at locations and depth consistent with reported hypocenter positions. This level of stress change has been shown to be significant in triggering earthquakes on critically stressed faults. Because the loading rate on the Longmen Shan fault is < 0.005 MPa/yr, we thus suggest that the Zipingpu Reservoir potentially hastened the occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake by tens to hundreds of years. Citation: Ge, S., M. Liu, N. Lu, J. W. Godt, and G. Luo (2009), Did the Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L20315, doi: 10.1029/2009GL040349. C1 [Ge, Shemin] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Liu, Mian; Luo, Gang] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lu, Ning] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ge, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Campus Box 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ges@colorado.edu FU US NSF/PIRE [0730154]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Ministry of Education FX We thank Evelyn Roeloffs and Ross Stein for their insightful comments on earlier versions of this paper. The authors are grateful to Michael Manga, an anonymous reviewer, and Ruth Harris for their review comments that have helped to enhance the quality of the manuscript. Liu acknowledges partial support from US NSF/PIRE grant 0730154 and from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Ministry of Education. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L20315 DI 10.1029/2009GL040349 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 513HT UT WOS:000271314000005 ER PT J AU Onders, RJ Mims, SD Webster, CD Gannam, AL AF Onders, Richard J. Mims, Steven D. Webster, Carl D. Gannam, Ann L. TI Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein, lipid and carbohydrate in practical diets fed to paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paddlefish; digestibility; protein; lipid; carbohydrate; apparent digestibility coefficient ID SIBERIAN STURGEON; ACIPENSER-BAERI; ENERGY; NUTRITION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; TROUT; FISH C1 [Onders, Richard J.; Mims, Steven D.; Webster, Carl D.] Kent State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Gannam, Ann L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. RP Onders, RJ (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM rick.onders@kysu.edu FU USDA [KYX80-05-15A] FX This research was funded by a USDA 1890 Evans-Allen Grant No. KYX80-05-15A. The authors thank Barbara Wilhelm and Brandon Williams for their assistance. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD OCT 23 PY 2009 VL 40 IS 15 BP 1785 EP 1788 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02277.x PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 508AW UT WOS:000270900200013 ER PT J AU Ehlmann, BL Mustard, JF Swayze, GA Clark, RN Bishop, JL Poulet, F Marais, DJD Roach, LH Milliken, RE Wray, JJ Barnouin-Jha, O Murchie, SL AF Ehlmann, Bethany L. Mustard, John F. Swayze, Gregg A. Clark, Roger N. Bishop, Janice L. Poulet, Francois Marais, David J. Des Roach, Leah H. Milliken, Ralph E. Wray, James J. Barnouin-Jha, Olivier Murchie, Scott L. TI Identification of hydrated silicate minerals on Mars using MRO-CRISM: Geologic context near Nili Fossae and implications for aqueous alteration SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID RESOLUTION REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; PHYLLOSILICATES; SERPENTINES; KAOLINITE; DEPOSITS AB The Noachian terrain west of the Isidis basin hosts a diverse collection of alteration minerals in rocks comprising varied geomorphic units within a 100,000 km 2 region in and near the Nili Fossae. Prior investigations in this region by the Observatoire pour l'Mineralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces, et l'Activite (OMEGA) instrument on Mars Express revealed large exposures of both mafic minerals and iron magnesium phyllosilicates in stratigraphic context. Expanding on the discoveries of OMEGA, the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has found more spatially widespread and mineralogically diverse alteration minerals than previously realized, which represent multiple aqueous environments. Using CRISM near-infrared spectral data, we detail the basis for identification of iron and magnesium smectites (including both nontronite and more Mg-rich varieties), chlorite, prehnite, serpentine, kaolinite, potassium mica (illite or muscovite), hydrated (opaline) silica, the sodium zeolite analcime, and magnesium carbonate. The detection of serpentine and analcime on Mars is reported here for the first time. We detail the geomorphic context of these minerals using data from high-resolution imagers onboard MRO in conjunction with CRISM. We find that the distribution of alteration minerals is not homogeneous; rather, they occur in provinces with distinctive assemblages of alteration minerals. Key findings are (1) a distinctive stratigraphy, in and around the Nili Fossae, of kaolinite and magnesium carbonate in bedrock units always overlying Fe/Mg smectites and (2) evidence for mineral phases and assemblages indicative of low-grade metamorphic or hydrothermal aqueous alteration in cratered terrains. The alteration minerals around the Nili Fossae are more typical of those resulting from neutral to alkaline conditions rather than acidic conditions, which appear to have dominated much of Mars. Moreover, the mineralogic diversity and geologic context of alteration minerals found in the region around the Nili Fossae indicates several episodes of aqueous activity in multiple distinct environments. C1 [Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Mustard, John F.; Roach, Leah H.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Barnouin-Jha, Olivier; Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.; Marais, David J. Des] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Swayze, Gregg A.; Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Milliken, Ralph E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Poulet, Francois] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Ehlmann, BL (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Barnouin, Olivier/I-7475-2015 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Barnouin, Olivier/0000-0002-3578-7750 NR 117 TC 203 Z9 204 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E00D08 DI 10.1029/2009JE003339 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 510ZP UT WOS:000271133400002 ER PT J AU Clark, RN AF Clark, Roger N. TI Detection of Adsorbed Water and Hydroxyl on the Moon SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNAR POLES; ICE; HYDROGEN; INTERIOR; SURFACE AB Data from the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on Cassini during its flyby of the Moon in 1999 show a broad absorption at 3 micrometers due to adsorbed water and near 2.8 micrometers attributed to hydroxyl in the sunlit surface on the Moon. The amounts of water indicated in the spectra depend on the type of mixing and the grain sizes in the rocks and soils but could be 10 to 1000 parts per million and locally higher. Water in the polar regions may be water that has migrated to the colder environments there. Trace hydroxyl is observed in the anorthositic highlands at lower latitudes. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80227 USA. RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964,Box 25046 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80227 USA. EM rclark@usgs.gov FU NASA Cassini VIMS FX This research was funded by NASA Cassini VIMS under contract to the U. S. Geological Survey; R. C. is a VIMS team member. NR 21 TC 135 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 23 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5952 BP 562 EP 564 DI 10.1126/science.1178105 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 509LN UT WOS:000271019400038 PM 19779152 ER PT J AU Pieters, CM Goswami, JN Clark, RN Annadurai, M Boardman, J Buratti, B Combe, JP Dyar, MD Green, R Head, JW Hibbitts, C Hicks, M Isaacson, P Klima, R Kramer, G Kumar, S Livo, E Lundeen, S Malaret, E McCord, T Mustard, J Nettles, J Petro, N Runyon, C Staid, M Sunshine, J Taylor, LA Tompkins, S Varanasi, P AF Pieters, C. M. Goswami, J. N. Clark, R. N. Annadurai, M. Boardman, J. Buratti, B. Combe, J. -P. Dyar, M. D. Green, R. Head, J. W. Hibbitts, C. Hicks, M. Isaacson, P. Klima, R. Kramer, G. Kumar, S. Livo, E. Lundeen, S. Malaret, E. McCord, T. Mustard, J. Nettles, J. Petro, N. Runyon, C. Staid, M. Sunshine, J. Taylor, L. A. Tompkins, S. Varanasi, P. TI Character and Spatial Distribution of OH/H2O on the Surface of the Moon Seen by M-3 on Chandrayaan-1 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNAR POLES; WATER ICE; EPITHERMAL NEUTRONS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN; PROSPECTOR AB The search for water on the surface of the anhydrous Moon had remained an unfulfilled quest for 40 years. However, the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) on Chandrayaan-1 has recently detected absorption features near 2.8 to 3.0 micrometers on the surface of the Moon. For silicate bodies, such features are typically attributed to hydroxyl- and/or water-bearing materials. On the Moon, the feature is seen as a widely distributed absorption that appears strongest at cooler high latitudes and at several fresh feldspathic craters. The general lack of correlation of this feature in sunlit M-3 data with neutron spectrometer hydrogen abundance data suggests that the formation and retention of hydroxyl and water are ongoing surficial processes. Hydroxyl/water production processes may feed polar cold traps and make the lunar regolith a candidate source of volatiles for human exploration. C1 [Pieters, C. M.; Head, J. W.; Isaacson, P.; Klima, R.; Mustard, J.; Nettles, J.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Goswami, J. N.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Goswami, J. N.; Annadurai, M.] Indian Space Res Org, Bangalore 562140, Karnataka, India. [Clark, R. N.; Livo, E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Boardman, J.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Buratti, B.; Green, R.; Hicks, M.; Lundeen, S.; Varanasi, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Combe, J. -P.; Kramer, G.; McCord, T.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Dyar, M. D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Hibbitts, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kumar, S.] Natl Remote Sensing Agcy, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Malaret, E.] Appl Coherent Technol Corp, Herndon, VA 22070 USA. [Petro, N.] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Runyon, C.] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Staid, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sunshine, J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, L. A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tompkins, S.] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Pieters, CM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM carle_pieters@brown.edu RI Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013; Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016 OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391 FU NASA's Discovery program [NNM05AB26C, NNG06GJ31G] FX M3 is funded as a Mission of Opportunity under NASA's Discovery program contract NNM05AB26C to Brown University. Lunar reflectance spectra were acquired using the NASA/Keck Reflectance Experiment Laboratory, a multiuser facility supported by NASA grant NNG06GJ31G. A portion of this research was carried out at the JPL, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. We thank the team of engineers at JPL who designed and built M3 ( led by T. Glavich and M. White) and the Chandrayaan-1 mission operations team ( led by N. S. Hegde, with M3 implementation largely by S. Gomathi), whose mission support has made M3 data possible. The M3 team is honored to be a guest instrument on India's first mission to the Moon. NR 23 TC 237 Z9 253 U1 12 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 23 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5952 BP 568 EP 572 DI 10.1126/science.1178658 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 509LN UT WOS:000271019400040 PM 19779151 ER PT J AU DeLong, KL Quinn, TM Mitchum, GT Poore, RZ AF DeLong, Kristine L. Quinn, Terrence M. Mitchum, Gary T. Poore, Richard Z. TI Evaluating highly resolved paleoclimate records in the frequency domain for multidecadal-scale climate variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SPACED DATA AB Do the chronological methods used in the construction of paleoclimate records influence the results of the frequency analysis applied to them? We explore this phenomenon using the Dongge Cave speleothem record (U-series chronology with variable time steps, Delta t) and the El Malpais tree-ring index (cross-dating of ring-width series). Interpolation of the Dongge Cave record to a constant Delta t resulted in the suppression of periodicities (<20 years) altering the red noise model used for significance testing. Frequency analysis of temporal subsets of the El Malpais tree-ring index revealed that concentrations of variance varied with the number of ring-width series. Frequency analyses of these records identified significant periodicities, some common to both (similar to 25 and similar to 69 years). Cross-wavelet analysis, which examines periodicities in the time domain, revealed that coherency between these records occurs intermittently. We found the chronology methods can influence the ability of frequency analysis to detect periodicities and tests for coherency. Citation: DeLong, K. L., T. M. Quinn, G. T. Mitchum, and R. Z. Poore (2009), Evaluating highly resolved paleoclimate records in the frequency domain for multidecadal-scale climate variability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L20702, doi:10.1029/2009GL039742. C1 [DeLong, Kristine L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mitchum, Gary T.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [DeLong, Kristine L.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP DeLong, KL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, 227 Howe Russell, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kdelong@lsu.edu RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; DeLong, Kristine/B-7500-2008 OI DeLong, Kristine/0000-0001-6320-421X FU NSF [TMQ-612043, GTM-612043, RZP-612043, ATM-612043] FX We thank Henri Grissino-Mayer for providing El Malpais data and Yongjin Wang and coauthors for providing Dongge Cave data. Wavelet software was provided by C. Torrence and G. Compo (http://atoc.colorado.edu/research/wavelets/) and Aslak Grinsted for cross-wavelet MATLAB code (http://www.pol.ac.uk/home/research/waveletcoherence/). This research was supported in part by SGER award from NSF (TMQ, GTM, and RZP, ATM-612043). NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L20702 DI 10.1029/2009GL039742 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 510YH UT WOS:000271129800004 ER PT J AU Boulos, MNK Robinson, LR AF Boulos, Maged N. Kamel Robinson, Larry R. TI Web GIS in practice VII: stereoscopic 3-D solutions for online maps and virtual globes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB Because our pupils are about 6.5 cm apart, each eye views a scene from a different angle and sends a unique image to the visual cortex, which then merges the images from both eyes into a single picture. The slight difference between the right and left images allows the brain to properly perceive the 'third dimension' or depth in a scene (stereopsis). However, when a person views a conventional 2-D (two-dimensional) image representation of a 3-D (three-dimensional) scene on a conventional computer screen, each eye receives essentially the same information. Depth in such cases can only be approximately inferred from visual clues in the image, such as perspective, as only one image is offered to both eyes. The goal of stereoscopic 3-D displays is to project a slightly different image into each eye to achieve a much truer and realistic perception of depth, of different scene planes, and of object relief. This paper presents a brief review of a number of stereoscopic 3-D hardware and software solutions for creating and displaying online maps and virtual globes (such as Google Earth) in "true 3D", with costs ranging from almost free to multi-thousand pounds sterling. A practical account is also given of the experience of the USGS BRD UMESC (United States Geological Survey's Biological Resources Division, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center) in setting up a low-cost, full-colour stereoscopic 3-D system. C1 [Boulos, Maged N. Kamel] Univ Plymouth, Fac Hlth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Robinson, Larry R.] USGS BRD Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Geospatial Sci & Technol Branch, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Boulos, MNK (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Fac Hlth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. EM mnkamelboulos@plymouth.ac.uk; lrobinson@usgs.gov RI Kamel Boulos, Maged/B-3728-2013 OI Kamel Boulos, Maged/0000-0003-2400-6303 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-072X J9 INT J HEALTH GEOGR JI Int. J. Health Geogr. PD OCT 22 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 59 DI 10.1186/1476-072X-8-59 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 515GJ UT WOS:000271455600001 PM 19849837 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Ip, HS Franson, JC Meteyer, C Nashold, S TeSlaa, JL French, J Redig, P Brand, C AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Ip, Hon S. Franson, J. Christian Meteyer, Carol Nashold, Sean TeSlaa, Joshua L. French, John Redig, Patrick Brand, Christopher TI Experimental Infection of a North American Raptor, American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DUCKS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GULLS AB Several species of wild raptors have been found in Eurasia infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1. Should HPAIV (H5N1) reach North America in migratory birds, species of raptors are at risk not only from environmental exposure, but also from consuming infected birds and carcasses. In this study we used American kestrels as a representative species of a North American raptor to examine the effects of HPAIV (H5N1) infection in terms of dose response, viral shedding, pathology, and survival. Our data showed that kestrels are highly susceptible to HPAIV (H5N1). All birds typically died or were euthanized due to severe neurologic disease within 4-5 days of inoculation and shed significant amounts of virus both orally and cloacally, regardless of dose administered. The most consistent microscopic lesions were necrosis in the brain and pancreas. This is the first experimental study of HPAIV infection in a North American raptor and highlights the potential risks to birds of prey if HPAIV (H5N1) is introduced into North America. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633 FU PHS HHS [HHSN266200700007C] NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 22 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 10 AR e7555 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0007555 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 509MN UT WOS:000271022000017 PM 19847294 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG Lisowski, M Roeloffs, E Beeler, N AF Mastin, Larry G. Lisowski, Mike Roeloffs, Evelyn Beeler, Nick TI Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ERUPTIONS AB The history of dome growth and geodetic deflation during the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens eruption can be fit to theoretical curves with parameters such as reservoir volume, bubble content, initial overpressure, and magma rheology, here assumed to be Newtonian viscous, with or without a solid plug in the conduit center. Data from 20042008 are consistent with eruption from a 10-25 km(3) reservoir containing 0.5-2% bubbles, an initial overpressure of 10-20 MPa, and no significant, sustained recharge. During the eruption we used curve fits to project the eruption's final duration and volume. Early projections predicted a final volume only about half of the actual value; but projections increased with each measurement, implying a temporal increase in reservoir volume or compressibility. A simple interpretation is that early effusion was driven by a 5-10 km(3), integrated core of fluid magma. This core expanded with time through creep of semi-solid magma and host rock. Citation: Mastin, L. G., M. Lisowski, E. Roeloffs, and N. Beeler (2009), Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L20304, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039863. C1 [Mastin, Larry G.; Lisowski, Mike; Roeloffs, Evelyn; Beeler, Nick] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L20304 DI 10.1029/2009GL039863 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 510YE UT WOS:000271129500003 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Blazer, VS Schmitt, CJ Papoulias, DM Tillitt, DE AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Blazer, Vicki S. Schmitt, Christopher J. Papoulias, Diana M. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Widespread occurrence of intersex in black basses (Micropterus spp.) from US rivers, 1995-2004 SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Ovotestis; Fishes; Environment; Estrogenic ID ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; REPRODUCTIVE BIOMARKER RESPONSES; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ESTROGENIC CONTAMINATION; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS AB Intersex occurrence in freshwater fishes was evaluated for nine river basins in the United States. Testicular oocytes (predominantly male testes containing female germ cells) were the most pervasive form of intersex observed, even though similar numbers of male (n = 1477) and female (n = 1633) fish were examined. Intersex was found in 3% of the fish collected. The intersex condition was observed in four of the 16 species examined (25%) and in fish from 34 of 111 sites (31%). Intersex was not found in multiple species from the same site but was most prevalent in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; 18% of males) and smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu; 33% of males). The percentage of intersex fish per site was 8-91% for largemouth bass and 14-73% for smallmouth bass. The incidence of intersex was greatest in the southeastern United States, with intersex largemouth bass present at all sites in the Apalachicola, Savannah, and Pee Dee River Basins. Total mercury, trans-nonachlor, p,p'-DDE, pp'-DDD, and total PCBs were the most commonly detected chemical contaminants at all sites, regardless of whether intersex was observed. Although the genotype of the intersex fish was not determined, the microscopic appearance of the gonads, the presence of mature sperm, and the concentrations of sex steroid hormones and vitellogenin indicate the intersex bass were males. Few reproductive endpoints differed significantly among male and intersex bass; plasma vitellogenin concentration in males was not a good indicator of intersex presence. Hierarchical linkages of the intersex condition to reproductive function will require a more quantitative measure of intersex (e.g. severity index) rather than presence or absence of the condition. The baseline incidence of intersex gonadal tissue in black basses and other freshwater fishes is unknown, but intersex prevalence may be related to collection season, age, and endocrine active compounds in the environment. Intersex was not found in largemouth bass older than five years and was most common in 1-3-year-old male largemouth bass. The cause(s) of intersex in these species is also unknown, and it remains to be determined whether the intersex we observed in largemouth and smallmouth bass developed during sex differentiation in early life stages, during exposure to environmental factors during adult life stages, or both. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Schmitt, Christopher J.; Papoulias, Diana M.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT 19 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.08.001 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 518WT UT WOS:000271727000008 PM 19717194 ER PT J AU Koper, KD de Foy, B Benz, H AF Koper, Keith D. de Foy, Benjamin Benz, Harley TI Composition and variation of noise recorded at the Yellowknife Seismic Array, 1991-2007 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; MICROSEISMS; CLIMATE; EARTH AB We analyze seismic noise recorded on the 18 short-period, vertical component seismometers of the Yellowknife Seismic Array (YKA). YKA has an aperture of 23 km and is sited on cratonic lithosphere in an area with low cultural noise. These properties make it ideal for studying natural seismic noise at periods of 1 - 3 s. We calculated frequency-wave number spectra in this band for over 6,000 time windows that were extracted once per day for 17 years (1991-2007). Slowness analysis reveals a rich variety of seismic phases originating from distinct source regions: R-g waves from the Great Slave Lake; L-g waves from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans; and teleseismic P waves from the north Pacific and equatorial mid-Atlantic regions. The surface wave energy is generated along coastlines, while the body wave energy is generated at least in part in deep-water, pelagic regions. Surface waves tend to dominate at the longer periods and, just as in earthquake seismograms, Lg is the most prominent arrival. Although the periods we study are slightly shorter than the classic double-frequency microseismic band of 4 - 10 s, the noise at YKA has clear seasonal behavior that is consistent with the ocean wave climate in the Northern Hemisphere. The temporal variation of most of the noise sources can be well fit using just two Fourier components: yearly and biyearly terms that combine to give a fast rise in microseismic power from mid-June through mid-October, followed by a gradual decline. The exception is the Rg energy from the Great Slave Lake, which shows a sharp drop in noise power over a 2-week period in November as the lake freezes. The Lg noise from the east has a small but statistically significant positive slope, perhaps implying increased ocean wave activity in the North Atlantic over the last 17 years. C1 [Koper, Keith D.; de Foy, Benjamin] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Benz, Harley] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Koper, KD (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 3642 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM kkoper@gmail.com; bdefoy@slu.edu; benz@usgs.gov RI de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010 OI de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA871806C0003]; United States Geological Survey (USGS) FX The work presented here was partially supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA871806C0003. During the writing of this manuscript K. D. K. was hosted and supported by the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). We thank Sebastian Rost and Charles Langston for critical comments on this work. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 17 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B10310 DI 10.1029/2009JB006307 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 508PG UT WOS:000270944700001 ER PT J AU Nowack, RL Parsons, T Revil, A AF Nowack, Robert L. Parsons, Tom Revil, Andre TI Exploring new frontiers with JGR-Solid Earth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nowack, Robert L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Revil, Andre] Colorado Sch Mines, Green Ctr, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, Andre] Univ Savoie, CNRS, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectophys, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. RP Nowack, RL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 17 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B10001 DI 10.1029/2009JB006977 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 508PG UT WOS:000270944700002 ER PT J AU Mangan, M Miller, T Waythomas, C Trusdell, F Calvert, A Layer, P AF Mangan, Margaret Miller, Thomas Waythomas, Christopher Trusdell, Frank Calvert, Andrew Layer, Paul TI Diverse lavas from closely spaced volcanoes drawing from a common parent: Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Eastern Aleutian Arc SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE volcano; geochemistry; petrology; geochronology; Aleutian arc ID ALASKA PENINSULA; PAVLOF VOLCANO; SUBDUCTION ZONES; ERUPTION; CRUST; DIFFERENTIATION; CONSTRUCTION; MAGMATISM; BASALTS; MANTLE AB Emmons Lake Volcanic Center (ELVC) on the lower Alaskan Peninsula is one of the largest and most diverse volcanic centers in the Aleutian Arc. Since the Middle Pleistocene, eruption of similar to 350 km(3) of basalt through rhyolite has produced a 30 km, arc front chain of nested calderas and overlapping stratovolcanoes. ELVC has experienced as many as five major caldera-forming eruptions, the most recent, at similar to 27 ka, produced similar to 50 km(3) of rhyolitic ignimbrite and ash fall. These violent silicic events were interspersed with less energetic, but prodigious, outpourings of basalt through dacite. Holocene eruptions are mostly basaltic andesite to andesite and historically recorded activity includes over 40 eruptions within the last 200 yr, all from Pavlof volcano, the most active site in the Aleutian Arc. Geochemical and geophysical observations suggest that although all ELVC eruptions derive from a common clinopyroxene + spinel + plagioclase fractionating high-aluminum basalt parent in the lower crust, magma follows one of two closely spaced, but distinct paths to the surface. Under the eastern end of the chain, magma moves rapidly and cleanly through a relatively young (similar to 28 ka), hydraulically connected dike plexus. Steady supply, short magma residence times, and limited interaction with crustal rocks preserve the geochemistry of deep crustal processes. Below the western part of the chain, magma moves haltingly through a long-lived (similar to 500 ka) and complex intrusive column in which many generations of basaltic to andesitic melts have mingled and fractionated. Buoyant, silicic melts periodically separate from the lower parts of the column to feed voluminous eruptions of dacite and rhyolite. Mafic lavas record a complicated passage through cumulate zones and hydrous silicic residues as manifested by disequilibrium phenocryst textures, incompatible element enrichments, and decoupling of REEs and HFSEs ratios. Such features are absent in mafic lavas from the younger part of the chain, highlighting the importance of plumbing architecture and longevity in creating petrologic diversity. Supplemental Data include 156 major element (XRF) and 128 trace element (ICP-MS) whole-rock analyses, 23 new Ar-40/Ar-39 ages, a generalized geologic map with associated unit descriptions and field photographs, and photomicrographs of key petrographic features. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mangan, Margaret; Calvert, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Miller, Thomas; Waythomas, Christopher] US Geol Survey, AVO, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Layer, Paul] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mangan, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmangan@usgs.gov RI Layer, Paul/F-5465-2010 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 287 IS 3-4 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.018 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 522PQ UT WOS:000272010800009 ER PT J AU Pohlman, JW Kaneko, M Heuer, VB Coffin, RB Whiticar, M AF Pohlman, J. W. Kaneko, M. Heuer, V. B. Coffin, R. B. Whiticar, M. TI Methane sources and production in the northern Cascadia margin gas hydrate system SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methanogenesis; methane; stable isotopes; gas hydrate; Cascadia margin; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) ID CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FLUID EXPULSION; ACCRETIONARY PRISMS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; OFFSHORE OREGON; ACTIVE MARGIN; HYDROGEN AB The oceanographic and tectonic conditions of accretionary margins are well-suited for several potential processes governing methane generation, storage and release. To identify the relevant methane evolution pathways in the northern Cascadia accretionary margin, a four-site transect was drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311. The delta(13)C values of methane range from a minimum value of -82.2%. on an uplifted ridge of accreted sediment near the deformation front (Site U1326, 1829 mbsl, meters below sea level) to a maximum value of -39.5%. at the most landward location within an area of steep canyons near the shelf edge (Site U1329, 946 mbsl). An interpretation based solely on methane isotope values might conclude the (13)C-enrichment of methane indicates a transition from microbially- to thermogenically-sourced methane. However, the co-existing CO(2) exhibits a similar trend of (13)C-enrichment along the transect with values ranging from -22.5 parts per thousand to +25.7 parts per thousand. The magnitude of the carbon isotope separation between methane and CO(2) (epsilon(c) = 63.8 +/- 5.8) is consistent with isotope fractionation during microbially mediated carbonate reduction. These results, in conjunction with a transect-wide gaseous hydrocarbon content composed of > 99.8% (by volume) methane and uniform delta D(CH4) values (-172 parts per thousand +/- 8) that are distinct from thermogenic methane at a seep located 60 km from the Expedition 311 transect, suggest microbial CO(2) reduction is the predominant methane source at all investigated sites. The magnitude of the intra-site downhole (13)C-enrichment Of CO(2) within the accreted ridge (Site U1326) and a slope basin nearest the deformation front (Site U1325, 2195 mbsl) is similar to 5 parts per thousand. At the mid-slope site (Site U1327, 1304 mbsl) the downhole (13)C-enrichment of the CO(2) is similar to 25 parts per thousand and increases to similar to 40 parts per thousand at the near-shelf edge Site U1329. This isotope fractionation pattern is indicative of more extensive diagenetic alteration at sites with greater (13)C-enrichment. The magnitude of the (13)C-enrichment Of CO(2) correlates with decreasing sedimentation rates and a diminishing occurrence of stratigraphic gas hydrate. We suggest the decreasing sedimentation rates increase the exposure time of sedimentary organic matter to aerobic and anaerobic degradation, during burial, thereby reducing the availability of metabolizable organic matter available for methane production. This process is reflected in the occurrence and distribution of gas hydrate within the northern Cascadia margin accretionary prism. Our observations are relevant for evaluating methane production and the occurrence of stratigraphic gas hydrate within other convergent margins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pohlman, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kaneko, M.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Heuer, V. B.] Univ Bremen, Organ Geochem Grp, Dept Geosci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Heuer, V. B.] Univ Bremen, MARUM, Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Coffin, R. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Whiticar, M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Pohlman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jpohlman@usgs.gov RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc.; U.S. Science Support Program (USSP); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (MJW); Joides Resolution FX Samples and data were provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), which is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and participating countries under management of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Science Support Program (USSP), and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (MJW). We thank the Captain and the crew of the Joides Resolution and the technical staff for their support at sea: in particular, C. Bennight and L. Brant for tireless assistance in the laboratory. Guidance and support from Tim Collett, Michael Riedel and Mitch Malone are appreciated. We also acknowledge R. Plummer and Paul Eby for technical support and assistance with the isotopic analysis. We thank Jim Bauer, George Claypool, Carolyn Ruppel and Bill Waite for productive discussions and valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of a trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 287 IS 3-4 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.037 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 522PQ UT WOS:000272010800023 ER PT J AU Baker, RGA Rehkamper, M Hinkley, TK Nielsen, SG Toutain, JP AF Baker, R. G. A. Rehkaemper, M. Hinkley, T. K. Nielsen, S. G. Toutain, J. P. TI Investigation of thallium fluxes from subaerial volcanism-Implications for the present and past mass balance of thallium in the oceans SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; CENOZOIC EVOLUTION; KUDRYAVY VOLCANO; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; KURIL ISLANDS; ETNA VOLCANO; MC-ICPMS; SEAWATER AB A suite of 34 volcanic gas condensates and particulates from Kilauea (Hawaii), Mt. Etna and Vulcano (Italy), Mt. Merapi (Indonesia), White Island and Mt. Nguaruhoe (New Zealand) were analysed for both Tl isotope compositions and Tl/Pb ratios. When considered together with published Tl-Pb abundance data, the measurements provide globally representative best estimates of Tl/Pb = 0.46 +/- 0.25 and epsilon(205)Tl = -1.7 +/- 2.0 for the emissions of subaerial volcanism to the atmosphere and oceans (epsilon(205)Tl is the deviation of the (205)Tl/(203)Tl isotope ratio from NIST SRM 997 isotope standard in parts per 10,000). Compared to igneous rocks of the crust and mantle, volcanic gases were found to have (i) Tl/Pb ratios that are typically about an order of magnitude higher, and (ii) significantly more variable Tl isotope compositions but a mean epsilon(205)Tl value that is indistinguishable from estimates for the Earth's mantle and continental crust. The first observation can be explained by the more volatile nature of Tl compared to Pb during the production of volcanic gases, whilst the second reflects the contrasting and approximately balanced isotope fractionation effects that are generated by partial evaporation of Tl during magma degassing and partial Tl condensation as a result of the cooling and differentiation of volcanic gases. Mass balance calculations, based on results from this and other recent Tl isotope studies, were carried out to investigate whether temporal changes in the volcanic Tl fluxes could be responsible for the dramatic shift in the epsilon(205) Tl value of the oceans at similar to 55 Ma, which has been inferred from Tl isotope time series data for ferromanganese crusts. The calculations demonstrate that even large changes in the marine Tl input fluxes from volcanism and other sources are unable to significantly alter the Tl isotope composition of the oceans. Based on modelling, it is shown that the large inferred change in the epsilon(205)Tl value of seawater is best explained if the oceans of the early Cenozoic featured significantly larger Tl output fluxes to oxic pelagic sediments, whilst the sink fluxes to altered ocean crust remained approximately constant. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, R. G. A.; Rehkaemper, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Baker, R. G. A.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Hinkley, T. K.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nielsen, S. G.] Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 4BH, England. [Toutain, J. P.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, OMP, LMTG,IRD, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Baker, RGA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM r.baker05@imperial.ac.uk RI Nielsen, Sune/C-7345-2011; OI Nielsen, Sune/0000-0002-0458-3739; Rehkamper, Mark/0000-0002-0075-9872 NR 79 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 20 BP 6340 EP 6359 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.014 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 541LF UT WOS:000273416500024 ER PT J AU Chou, IM Anderson, AJ AF Chou, I-Ming Anderson, Alan J. TI Diamond dissolution and the production of methane and other carbon-bearing species in hydrothermal diamond-anvil cells SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; AQUEOUS FLUIDS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; EARTHS MANTLE; SOLUBILITY; PHASE; MONTMORILLONITE; TRANSFORMATION; REDUCTION AB Raman analysis of the vapor phase formed after heating pure water to near critical (355-374 degrees C) temperatures in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell (HDAC) reveals the synthesis of abiogenic methane. This unexpected result demonstrates the chemical reactivity of diamond at relatively low temperatures. The rate of methane production from the reaction between water and diamond increases with increasing temperature and is enhanced by the presence of a metal gasket (Re, Ir, or Inconel) which is compressed between the diamond anvils to seal the aqueous sample. The minimum detection limit for methane using Raman spectroscopy was determined to be ca. 0.047 MPa, indicating that more than 1.4 nanograms (or 8.6 x 10(-11) mol) of methane were produced in the HDAC at 355 degrees C and 30 MPa over a period of ten minutes. At temperatures of 650 degrees C and greater, hydrogen and carbon dioxide were detected in addition to methane. The production of abiogenic methane, observed in all HDAC experiments where a gasket was used, necessitates a reexamination of the assumed chemical systems and intensive parameters reported in previous hydrothermal investigations employing diamonds. The results also demonstrate the need to minimize or eliminate the production of methane and other carbonic species in experiments by containing the sample within a HDAC without using a metal gasket. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Anderson, Alan J.] St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM imchou@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; NSERC FX We thank Linbo Shang for assistance with experiments, Zhenhao Duan for isochore calculations and editorial comments and suggestions, and Robert C. Burruss for the use of his Raman spectrometer. We also thank Paul B. Barton, William A. Bassett, Harvey Belkin, Robert A. Mayanovic, Robert R. Seal, Yingwei Fei, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews. I-M. C. was supported by the Energy and Mineral Programs of US Geological Survey. A.J.A. was supported by NSERC Discovery and Collaborative Research and Development grants. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 20 BP 6360 EP 6366 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.028 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 541LF UT WOS:000273416500025 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA George, DA Gelfenbaum, G Ruggiero, P Kaminsky, GM Beirne, M AF Warrick, Jonathan A. George, Douglas A. Gelfenbaum, Guy Ruggiero, Peter Kaminsky, George M. Beirne, Matt TI Beach morphology and change along the mixed grain-size delta of the dammed Elwha River, Washington SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beach morphodynamics; River delta; Mixed sediment; Low-tide terrace; Dam removal; Elwha River ID NILE DELTA; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS; WAVE; MORPHODYNAMICS; RESTORATION; AUSTRALIA; EVOLUTION; ECOSYSTEM; EXAMPLES AB Sediment supply provides a fundamental control on the morphology of river deltas, and humans have significantly modified these supplies for centuries. Here we examine the effects of almost a century of sediment supply reduction from the damming of the Elwha River in Washington on shoreline position and beach morphology of its wave-dominated delta. The mean rate of shoreline erosion during 1939-2006 is similar to 0.6 m/yr, which is equivalent to similar to 24,000 m(3)/yr of sediment divergence in the littoral cell, a rate approximately equal to 25-50% of the littoral-grade sediment trapped by the dams. Semi-annual surveys between 2004 and 2007 show that most erosion occurs during the winter with lower rates of change in the summer. Shoreline change and morphology also differ spatially Negligible shoreline change has occurred updrift (west) of the river mouth, where the beach is mixed sand to cobble, cuspate, and reflective. The beach downdrift (east) of the river mouth has had significant and persistent erosion. but this beach differs in that it has a reflective foreshore with a dissipative low-tide terrace. Downdrift beach erosion results from foreshore retreat, which broadens the low-tide terrace with time, and the rate of this kind of erosion has increased significantly from similar to 0.8 m/yr during 1939-1990 to similar to 1.4 m/yr during 1990-2006. Erosion rates for the downdrift beach derived from the 2004-2007 topographic surveys vary between 0 and 13 m/yr, with an average of 3.8 m/yr. We note that the low-tide terrace is significantly coarser (mean grain size similar to 100 mm) than the foreshore (mean grain size similar to 30 mm), a pattern contrary to the typical observation of fining low-tide terraces in the region and worldwide. Because this cobble low-tide terrace is created by foreshore erosion, has been steady over intervals of at least years, is predicted to have negligible longshore transport compared to the foreshore portion of the beach, and is inconsistent with oral history of abundant shellfish collections from the low-tide beach, we suggest that it is an armored layer of cobble clasts that are not generally competent in the physical setting of the delta. Thus, the cobble low-tide terrace is very likely a geomorphological feature caused by coastal erosion of a coastal plain and delta, which in turn is related to the impacts of the dams on the Elwha River to sediment fluxes to the coast. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; George, Douglas A.] USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaminsky, George M.] Washington Dept Ecol, Coastal Monitoring &Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Beirne, Matt] Tribal Environm Qual Off, Pt Angeles, WA 98363 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU USGS Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) project; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We sincerely thank the members and staff of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, who assisted with data collection, provided access to private property, and encouraged us during this work. A previous edition of the paper was reviewed and improved by David Finlayson and Bruce Jaffe. Two anonymous reviewers and Andrew Plater provided excellent suggestions for improvements to this final manuscript. Field surveys would not have been possible without the long working days of Andrew Schwartz, Andrew Stevens, Jodi Eshleman, Etienne Kingsley, Laura Bauleke, Blythe Mackey, Lindsey Doermann, and Pam Moeller. David Rubin provided insights and tools for conducting the grain-size analyses. Katie Farnsworth, Andrew Stevens, Sarah McNaboe, Erin Todd, Melinda Garvey, and Liron Friedman assisted with grain-size surveys and analyses. This work was funded by the USGS Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) project and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3-4 BP 136 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.012 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 498SF UT WOS:000270162700003 ER PT J AU Nyman, JA La Peyre, MK Caldwell, A Piazza, S Thom, C Winslow, C AF Nyman, J. A. La Peyre, M. K. Caldwell, A. Piazza, S. Thom, C. Winslow, C. TI Defining restoration targets for water depth and salinity in wind-dominated Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. coastal marshes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marsh; Restoration; Spartina; Louisiana; La Nina ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON; SALT-MARSH; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; VERTICAL ACCRETION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LAND LOSS; LOUISIANA; LEVEL; HYDROLOGY; DIEBACK AB Coastal wetlands provide valued ecosystem functions but the sustainability of those functions often is threatened by artificial hydrologic conditions. It is widely recognized that increased flooding and salinity can stress emergent plants, but there are few measurements to guide restoration, management, and mitigation. Marsh flooding can be estimated over large areas with few data where winds have little effect on water levels, but quantifying flooding requires hourly measurements over long time periods where tides are wind-dominated such as the northern Gulf of Mexico. Estimating salinity of flood water requires direct daily measurements because coastal marshes are characterized by dynamic salinity gradients. We analyzed 399,772 hourly observations of water depth and 521,561 hourly observations of water salinity from 14 sites in Louisiana coastal marshes dominated by Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. Unlike predicted water levels, observed water levels varied monthly and annually. We attributed those observed variations to variations in river runoff and winds. In stable marshes with slow wetland loss rates, we found that marsh elevation averaged 1 cm above mean high water, 15 cm above mean water, and 32 cm above mean low water levels. Water salinity averaged 3.7 ppt during April, May, and June, and 5.4 ppt during July, August, and September. The daily, seasonal, and annual variation in water levels and salinity that were evident would support the contention that such variation be retained when designing and operating coastal wetland management and restoration projects. Our findings might be of interest to scientists, engineers, and managers involved in restoration, management, and restoration in other regions where S. patens or similar species are common but local data are unavailable. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nyman, J. A.; La Peyre, M. K.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Nyman, JA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jnyman@lsu.edu; mlapey@lsu.edu; acaldwell@mulkeyinc.com; spiazza@usgs.gov; Chrissy.Thom@CH2M.com; cwinslow@wlf.louisiana.gov RI Nyman, John/D-3903-2009; OI Nyman, John/0000-0002-9792-9072 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 376 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 511LD UT WOS:000271165600001 ER PT J AU Long, AJ Putnam, LD AF Long, Andrew J. Putnam, Larry D. TI Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Karst; Parameter estimation; Inverse modeling; Groundwater age ID AQUIFER; WATER; SYSTEMS; FLOW; SIMULATION; TRACERS; CAVE AB Convolution modeling is useful for investigating the temporal distribution of groundwater age based on environmental tracers. The framework of a quasi-transient convolution model that is applicable to two-domain flow in karst aquifers is presented. The model was designed to provide an acceptable level of statistical confidence in parameter estimates when only chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium ((3)H) data are available. We show how inverse modeling and uncertainty assessment can be used to constrain model parameterization to a level warranted by available data while allowing major aspects of the flow system to be examined. As an example, the model was applied to water from a pumped well open to the Madison aquifer in central USA with input functions of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and (3)H, and was calibrated to several samples collected during a 16-year period. A bimodal age distribution was modeled to represent quick and slow flow less than 50 years old. The effects of pumping and hydraulic head on the relative volumetric fractions of these domains were found to be influential factors for transient flow. Quick flow and slow flow were estimated to be distributed mainly within the age ranges of 0-2 and 26-41 years, respectively. The fraction of long-term flow (>50 years) was estimated but was not dateable. The different tracers had different degrees of influence on parameter estimation and uncertainty assessments, where (3)H was the most critical, and CFC-113 was least influential. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Long, Andrew J.; Putnam, Larry D.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Long, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ajlong@usgs.gov RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008 OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081 NR 51 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 376 IS 3-4 BP 579 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 511LD UT WOS:000271165600021 ER PT J AU Munoz, FA Estrada-Parra, S Romero-Rojas, A Work, TM Gonzalez-Ballesteros, E Estrada-Garcia, I AF Munoz, Fernando A. Estrada-Parra, Sergio Romero-Rojas, Andres Work, Thierry M. Gonzalez-Ballesteros, Erik Estrada-Garcia, Iris TI Identification of CD3+T lymphocytes in the green turtle Chelonia mydas SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryopreservation of mononuclear cells; Reptilian T lymphocyte; Chelonia mydas; TCR/CD3 complex; Delayed-type hypersensitivity; Flow cytometry ID MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; AGAMA-STELLIO; BLOOD-CELLS; SEA-TURTLES; T-CELLS; LIZARD; HETEROGENEITY; PHYLOGENESIS; DETERMINANTS; DIVERSITY AB To understand the role of the immune system with respect to disease in reptiles, there is the need to develop tools to assess the host's immune response. An important tool is the development of molecular markers to identify immune cells, and these are limited for reptiles. We developed a technique for the cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed that a commercially available anti-CD3 epsilon chain antibody detects a subpopulation of CD3 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes in the marine turtle Chelonia mydas. In the thymus and in skin inoculated with phytohemagglutinin, the same antibody showed the classical staining pattern observed in mammals and birds. For Western blot, the anti-CD3 antibodies identified a 17.6 kDa band in membrane proteins of peripheral blood mononuclear cell compatible in weight to previously described CD3 molecules. This is the first demostration of CD3+ cells in reptiles using specific antibodies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Munoz, Fernando A.; Romero-Rojas, Andres; Gonzalez-Ballesteros, Erik] UNAM, Fac Estudios Super Cuautitlan, Unidad Posgrado, Lab 8, Cuautitlan, Estado Mexico, Mexico. [Estrada-Parra, Sergio; Estrada-Garcia, Iris] IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Inmunol, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Munoz, FA (reprint author), UNAM, Fac Estudios Super Cuautitlan, Unidad Posgrado, Lab 8, Campo 1,Av 1 Mayo S-N, Cuautitlan, Estado Mexico, Mexico. EM feralwild2@yahoo.com.mx RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Estrada-Parra, Sergio/0000-0002-5752-592X FU Wildlife Conservation Society; Wildlife Trust; UNAM; Immunology Department ENCB-IPN FX We thank the Staff of the Sea Turtle Department of Xcaret Park especially Alex Arenas and Ana Negrete. Hector Villasenor and Francisco Lopez of the Morphology Department from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico assisted with processing the tissues. Thanks also to the staff of the USGS-Honolulu Field Station, Mayra Perez and jeanet Serafin of the Immunology department from the ENCB-IPN, Lisa Star of the Field Veterinary Program, and AlonsoAguirre of the Wildlife Trust. Financial support for this study came from the Field Veterinary Program of the Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Trust, PROFIP program of the UNAM and the Immunology Department ENCB-IPN. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.04.015 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 502VC UT WOS:000270487400007 PM 19477530 ER PT J AU Brown, JR Beroza, GC Ide, S Ohta, K Shelly, DR Schwartz, SY Rabbel, W Thorwart, M Kao, H AF Brown, Justin R. Beroza, Gregory C. Ide, Satoshi Ohta, Kazuaki Shelly, David R. Schwartz, Susan Y. Rabbel, Wolfgang Thorwart, Martin Kao, Honn TI Deep low-frequency earthquakes in tremor localize to the plate interface in multiple subduction zones SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; COSTA-RICA; P-WAVE; CASCADIA; SLIP; SEGMENTATION; TOMOGRAPHY; SHIKOKU; MARGIN AB Deep tremor under Shikoku, Japan, consists primarily, and perhaps entirely, of swarms of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that occur as shear slip on the plate interface. Although tremor is observed at other plate boundaries, the lack of cataloged low-frequency earthquakes has precluded a similar conclusion about tremor in those locales. We use a network autocorrelation approach to detect and locate LFEs within tremor recorded at three subduction zones characterized by different thermal structures and levels of interplate seismicity: southwest Japan, northern Cascadia, and Costa Rica. In each case we find that LFEs are the primary constituent of tremor and that they locate on the deep continuation of the plate boundary. This suggests that tremor in these regions shares a common mechanism and that temperature is not the primary control on such activity. Citation: Brown, J.R., G. C. Beroza, S. Ide, K. Ohta, D. R. Shelly, S. Y. Schwartz, W. Rabbel, M. Thorwart, and H. Kao (2009), Deep low-frequency earthquakes in tremor localize to the plate interface in multiple subduction zones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19306, doi:10.1029/2009GL040027. C1 [Brown, Justin R.; Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ide, Satoshi; Ohta, Kazuaki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kao, Honn] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sydney, BC V8L 1B9, Canada. [Rabbel, Wolfgang; Thorwart, Martin] Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Schwartz, Susan Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jrbrown5@stanford.edu; beroza@stanford.edu; ide@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ohta@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; dshelly@usgs.gov; susan@pmc.ucsc.edu; rabbel@geophysik.uni-kiel.de; thorwart@geophysik.uni-kiel.de; hkao@nrcan.gc.ca RI IDE, SATOSHI/G-4887-2014 FU NSF [EAR-0710835] FX We thank Haijiang Zhang for providing the tomoDD code and Clifford Thurber for providing helpful discussion. We thank Robert Clapp for speeding up the autocorrelation code. We also thank Heather DeShon for the velocity model in Costa Rica. This work was supported by NSF grant EAR-0710835. All Japanese data were obtained from the NIED Hi- net data server. The Cascadia dataset consists of waveforms from the Canadian National Seismograph Network, the POLARIS consortium, and temporary arrays deployed by the Geological Survey of Canada. This work utilized the Stanford Center for Computational Earth and Environmental Science. NR 27 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L19306 DI 10.1029/2009GL040027 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 508ON UT WOS:000270942800003 ER PT J AU Haney, MM AF Haney, M. M. TI Infrasonic ambient noise interferometry from correlations of microbaroms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION; RAYLEIGH AB We show that microbaroms, continuous infrasound fluctuations resulting from the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere, have long-range correlation properties that make it possible to estimate the impulse response between two microphones from passive recordings. The processing is analogous to methods employed in the emerging field of ambient noise seismology, where the random noise source is the ocean coupling with the solid Earth (microseisms) instead of the atmosphere (microbaroms). We find that time-dependent temperature fields and temperature inversions determine the character of infrasonic impulse responses at Fourpeaked Volcano in Alaska. Applications include imaging and monitoring the gross structure of the Earth's atmospheric boundary layer. Citation: Haney, M. M. (2009), Infrasonic ambient noise interferometry from correlations of microbaroms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19808, doi:10.1029/2009GL040179. C1 [Haney, M. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM matt@cgiss.boisestate.edu FU USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral program FX This work is funded by the USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral program. Temperature and wind data are from the National Data Buoy Center. Thanks to Steve McNutt and Peter Cervelli for reviews. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L19808 DI 10.1029/2009GL040179 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 508ON UT WOS:000270942800007 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Assessing the Occurrence and Distribution of Pyrethroids in Water and Suspended Sediments SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pyrethroids; water; suspended sediment; GC-MS; GC-MS-MS ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTI-RESIDUE METHOD; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; PERMETHRIN AB The distribution of pyrethroid insecticides in the environment was assessed by separately measuring concentrations in the dissolved and suspended sediment phases of surface water samples. Filtered water was extracted by HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges, while the sediment on the filter was sonicated and cleaned up using carbon and aluminum cartridges. Detection limits for the 13 pyrethroids analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were 0.5 to 1 ng L-1 for water and 2 to 6 ng g(-1) for the suspended sediments. Seven pyrethroids were detected in six water samples collected from either urban or agricultural creeks, with bifenthrin detected the most frequently and at the highest concentrations. In spiked water samples and field samples, the majority of the pyrethroids were associated with the suspended sediments. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 FU California Bay-Delta Authority [ERP-02-P42]; USGS Federal/State Cooperative Program; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX Received June 15, 2009. Revised manuscript received August 31, 2009. Accepted September 1, 2009. Funding for this work was provided by the California Bay-Delta Authority (project ERP-02-P42), the USGS Federal/State Cooperative Program, and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 19 BP 9079 EP 9085 DI 10.1021/jf9020448 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 502LM UT WOS:000270461500051 PM 19754147 ER PT J AU Velazco, PM Gardner, AL AF Velazco, Paul M. Gardner, Alfred L. TI A new species of Platyrrhinus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from western Colombia and Ecuador, with emended diagnoses of P. aquilus, P. dorsalis, and P. umbratus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The Neotropical bat genus Platyrrhinus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) currently comprises 15 species. Our morphological and morphometric analysis of large and medium-sized Platyrrhinus revealed a distinctive Undescribed species from western South America. We also recognize P. aquilus (Handley & Ferris 1972) and P. umbratus (Lyon 1902) as valid species. We describe P. nitelinea sp. nov. from western Colombia and Ecuador and provide emended diagnoses along with descriptions of P. aquilus, P.. dorsalis, and P. umbratus. Phylogenetic analysis of Platyrrhinus based on morphological characters indicates that P. aquilus is closely related to P. aurarius and P. nigellus, P. umbratus to P. chocoensis, and P. nitelinea to P. vittatus. C1 [Velazco, Paul M.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Velazco, Paul M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Gardner, Alfred L.] Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Velazco, PM (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM pvelazco@fieldmuseum.org; gardnera@si.edu RI Velazco, Paul/K-4186-2012 OI Velazco, Paul/0000-0001-7195-7422 FU NSF [DEB 9870191, OISE 0630149]; American Society of Mammalogists; Ellen Thorne Smith Fund (FMNH); Barbara E. Brown Fund for Mammal Research (FMNH); Lester Armour Graduate Fellowship (FMNH); Smithsonian Institution Pre-doctoral Fellowship; Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University; University of Illinois at Chicago FX This study was part of PMV's dissertation submitted to the University of Illinois at Chicago as partial fulfillment of his doctoral degree. PMV thanks committee members, M. Ashley, H. F. Howe, R. Mason-Garner, B. D. Patterson, and R. H. Ree. Special recognition is due to B. D. Patterson for his constant support and encouragement to PMV. The following Curators and collection staff graciously provided access to specimens under their care: Daphne M. Hills and Paula Jenkins (BMNH), Suzanne B. McLaren (CM), Renato Gregorin (CMUFLA), Bruce D. Patterson and John Phelps (FMNH), J. Enrique Castillo (IAvH-M), Yaneth Muhoz-Saba (ICN), Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Raquel Texeira de Moura, Valeria C. Tavares, Yuri Leite, and Leonora Pires Costa (DZ-UFMG); Santiago Madrinan (ULA), Mark S. Hafner (LSUMZ), Judith Chupasko (MCZ), Ce cile Callou (MNHN), Carlos Delgado, Javier Munoz, and Danny Zurc (MUA); Victor Pacheco (MUSM), James L. Patton (MVZ), Judith L. Eger and Burton K. Lim (ROM), Philip Myers (UMMZ), Linda K. Gordon, James G. Mead (USNM), and Suzanne C. Peurach (USGS-PWRC); Oscar Murillo Garcia (UV), Hendrik Turni and Robert Asher (ZMB). Many of the specimens were collected with NSF support (DEB 9870191 to Bruce D. Patterson and colleagues; OISE 0630149 to BDP and PMV). The research was also supported by a Grant-M-Aid of Research from the American Society of Mammalogists, and the Ellen Thorne Smith Fund (FMNH), Barbara E. Brown Fund for Mammal Research (FMNH), the Lester Armour Graduate Fellowship (FMNH), the Smithsonian Institution Pre-doctoral Fellowship, Ernest Mayr Travel Grant in Animal Systematics from the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, The Albert R. and Alma Shadle Fellowship in Mammalogy from the American Society of Mammalogists, and the Provost's Award for Graduate Research from the University of Illinois at Chicago. Lastly, we appreciate the constructive comments that were provided by M. Monica Diaz, Michael D. Carleton, and one anonymous reviewer. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 122 IS 3 BP 249 EP 281 PG 33 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 511EB UT WOS:000271145600001 ER PT J AU Cai, XL Thenkabail, PS Biradar, CM Platonov, A Gumma, M Dheeravath, V Cohen, Y Goldlshleger, N Ben-Dor, E Alchanatis, V Vithanage, J Markandu, A AF Cai, Xueliang Thenkabail, Prasad S. Biradar, Chandrashekhar M. Platonov, Alexander Gumma, Murali Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu Cohen, Yafit Goldlshleger, Naftali Ben-Dor, Eyal Alchanatis, Victor Vithanage, Jagath Markandu, Anputhas TI Water productivity mapping using remote sensing data of various resolutions to support "more crop per drop" SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Crop water productivity; remote sensing; spectro-biophysical models; simplified surface energy balance model; MODIS; Landsat ETM; IRS; Quickbird ID USE/LAND-COVER LULC; LEAF-AREA INDEX; TIME-SERIES; VEGETATION INDEXES; IRRIGATED WHEAT; RIVER-BASIN; MODIS DATA; NDVI DATA; ETM PLUS; LANDSAT AB The overarching goal of this research was to map crop water productivity using satellite sensor data at various spectral, spatial, radiometric, and temporal resolutions involving: (a) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 500m, (b) MODIS 250m, (c) Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) 60m thermal, (d) Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) 23.5 m, and (e) Quickbird 2.44 m data. The spectro-biophysical models were developed using IRS and Quickbird satellite data for wet biomass, dry biomass, leaf area index, and grain yield for 5 crops: (a) cotton, (b) maize, (c) winter wheat, (d) rice, and (e) alfalfa in the Sry Darya basin, Central Asia. Crop-specific productivity maps were developed by applying the best spectro-biophysical models for the respective delineated crop types. Water use maps were produced using simplified surface energy balance (SSEB) model by multiplying evaporative fraction derived from Landsat ETM+ thermal data by potential ET. The water productivity (WP) maps were then derived by dividing the crop productivity maps by water use maps. The results of cotton crop, an overwhelmingly predominant crop in Central Asian Study area, showed that about 55% area had low WP of < 0.3 kg/m(3), 34% had moderate WP of 0.3-0.4 kg/m(3), and only 11% area had high WP > 0.4 kg/m(3). The trends were similar for other crops. These results indicated that there is highly significant scope to increase WP (to grow "more crop per drop") through better water and cropland management practices in the low WP areas, which will substantially enhance food security of the ballooning populations without having to increase: (a) cropland areas, and\or (b) irrigation water allocations. C1 [Cai, Xueliang; Platonov, Alexander; Gumma, Murali; Vithanage, Jagath; Markandu, Anputhas] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu] United Nations Joint Logist Ctr, Juba, South Sudan, Sudan. [Cohen, Yafit; Alchanatis, Victor] Inst Agr Engn, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Ben-Dor, Eyal] Tel Aviv Univ, Remote Sensing & GIS Lab, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Cai, XL (reprint author), Int Water Management Inst, POB 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka. EM x.cai@cgiar.org; pthenkabail@usgs.gov; chandra.biradar@ou.edu; a.platonov@cgiar.org; m.gumma@cgiar.org; Venkat.dheeravath@wfp.org; yafitush@volcani.agri.gov.il; naftalig@moag.gov.il; bendor@post.tau.ac.il; victor@volcani.agri.gov.il; j.vithanage@cgiar.org; m.anputhas@cgiar.org NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 12 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033557 DI 10.1117/1.3257643 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520YQ UT WOS:000271886100002 ER PT J AU Bar Massada, A Radeloff, VC Stewart, SI Hawbaker, TJ AF Bar Massada, Avi Radeloff, Volker C. Stewart, Susan I. Hawbaker, Todd J. TI Wildfire risk in the wildland-urban interface: A simulation study in northwestern Wisconsin SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire risk; Fire spread; FARSITE; MTT; Simulation modeling; WUI ID ASSESSING FIRE RISK; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; MULTIPLE SCALES; UNITED-STATES; PINE-BARRENS; LANDSCAPE; CALIFORNIA; SPREAD; USA; MANAGEMENT AB The rapid growth of housing in and near the wildland-urban interface (WUI) increases wildfire risk to lives and structures. To reduce fire risk, it is necessary to identify WUI housing areas that are more susceptible to wildfire. This is challenging, because wildfire patterns depend on fire behavior and spread, which in turn depend on ignition locations, weather conditions. the spatial arrangement of fuels, and topography. The goal of our study was to assess wildfire risk to a 60.000 ha WUI area in northwestern Wisconsin while accounting for all of these factors. We conducted 6000 simulations with two dynamic fire models: Fire Area Simulator (FARSITE) and Minimum Travel Time (MTT) in order to map the spatial pattern of burn probabilities. Simulations were run under normal and extreme weather conditions to assess the effect of weather on fire spread, burn probability. and risk to structures The resulting burn probability maps were intersected with maps of structure locations and land cover types. The simulations revealed clear hotspots of wildfire activity and a large range of wildfire risk to structures in the study area. As expected, the extreme weather conditions yielded higher burn probabilities over the entire landscape, as well as to different land cover classes and individual structures. Moreover, the spatial pattern of risk was significantly different between extreme and normal weather conditions. The results highlight the fact that extreme weather conditions not only produce higher fire risk than normal weather conditions, but also change the fine-scale locations of high risk areas in the landscape, which is of great importance for fire management in WUI areas. In addition, the choice of weather data may limit the potential for comparisons of risk maps for different areas and for extrapolating risk maps to future scenarios where weather conditions are unknown. Our approach to modeling wildfire risk to structures can aid fire risk reduction management activities by identifying areas with elevated wildfire risk and those most vulnerable under extreme weather conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bar Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bar Massada, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barmassada@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. This manuscript benefited greatly from comments by J. Briggs, D. Hester, and two anonymous reviewers. References to HP and ESRI software products are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Departments of Interior or Agriculture, or the U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 9 BP 1990 EP 1999 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.051 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510MS UT WOS:000271093200021 ER PT J AU Baldridge, AM Hook, SJ Crowley, JK Marion, GM Kargel, JS Michalski, JL Thomson, BJ de Souza, CR Bridges, NT Brown, AJ AF Baldridge, A. M. Hook, S. J. Crowley, J. K. Marion, G. M. Kargel, J. S. Michalski, J. L. Thomson, B. J. de Souza Filho, C. R. Bridges, N. T. Brown, A. J. TI Contemporaneous deposition of phyllosilicates and sulfates: Using Australian acidic saline lake deposits to describe geochemical variability on Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MARTIAN GEOLOGIC RECORD; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; YILGARN BLOCK; SOIL; ENVIRONMENT; SURFACE; MINERALIZATION; FERROLYSIS AB Studies of the origin of the Martian sulfate and phyllosilicate deposits have led to the hypothesis that there was a marked, global-scale change in the Mars environment from circum-neutral pH aqueous alteration in the Noachian to an acidic evaporitic system in the late Noachian to Hesperian. However, terrestrial studies suggest that two different geochemical systems need not be invoked to explain such geochemical variation. Western Australian acidic playa lakes have large pH differences separated vertically and laterally by only a few tens of meters, demonstrating how highly variable chemistries can coexist over short distances in natural environments. We suggest diverse and variable Martian aqueous environments where the coetaneous formation of phyllosilicates and sulfates at the Australian sites are analogs for regions where phyllosilicates and sulfates coexist on Mars. In these systems, Fe and alkali earth phyllosilicates represent deep facies associated with upwelling neutral to alkaline groundwater, whereas aluminous phyllosilicates and sulfates represent near-surface evaporitic facies formed from more acidic brines. Citation: Baldridge, A. M., S. J. Hook, J. K. Crowley, G. M. Marion, J. S. Kargel, J. L. Michalski, B. J. Thomson, C. R. de Souza Filho, N. T. Bridges, and A. J. Brown (2009), Contemporaneous deposition of phyllosilicates and sulfates: Using Australian acidic saline lake deposits to describe geochemical variability on Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19201, doi:10.1029/2009GL040069. C1 [Baldridge, A. M.; Hook, S. J.; Bridges, N. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, A. J.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Crowley, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [de Souza Filho, C. R.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Geol & Nat Resources, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Kargel, J. S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Marion, G. M.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Michalski, J. L.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Thomson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Baldridge, AM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM alice.m.baldridge@jpl.nasa.gov RI Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L19201 DI 10.1029/2009GL040069 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 505MC UT WOS:000270696700006 ER PT J AU Slonecker, ET Johnson, B McMahon, J AF Slonecker, E. Terrence Johnson, Brad McMahon, Joe TI Automated imagery orthorectification pilot SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE orthorectification; automated orthorectification; georegistration; digital metadata; historical imagery; archival imagery; Digital Ortho Quads (DOQ); Digital Ortho Quarter Quads (DOQQ) ID AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS; REGISTRATION; RECTIFICATION; SITES AB Automated orthorectification of raw image products is now possible based on the comprehensive metadata collected by Global Positioning Systems and Inertial Measurement Unit technology aboard aircraft and satellite digital imaging systems, and based on emerging pattern-matching and automated image-to-image and control point selection capabilities in many advanced image processing systems. Automated orthorectification of standard aerial photography is also possible if a camera calibration report and sufficient metadata is available. Orthorectification of historical imagery, for which only limited metadata was available, was also attempted and found to require some user input, creating a semi-automated process that still has significant potential to reduce processing time and expense for the conversion of archival historical imagery into geospatially enabled, digital formats, facilitating preservation and utilization of a vast archive of historical imagery. Over 90 percent of the frames of historical aerial photos used in this experiment were successfully orthorectified to the accuracy of the USGS 100K base map series utilized for the geospatial reference of the archive. The accuracy standard for the 100K series maps is approximately 167 feet (51 meters). The main problems associated with orthorectification failure were cloud cover, shadow and historical landscape change which confused automated image-to-image matching processes. Further research is recommended to optimize automated orthorectification methods and enable broad operational use, especially as related to historical imagery archives. C1 [Slonecker, E. Terrence] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Slonecker, E. Terrence] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Johnson, Brad; McMahon, Joe] SRA Int Inc, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. RP Slonecker, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,521 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tslonecker@usgs.gov; brad.johnson@lmnsolutions.com; Joe_McMahon@sra.com FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Intelligence Community; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under EPA Grant AMI 31, by the U.S. Intelligence Community, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. Mention of trade names or products does NOT constitute endorsement by any agency of the U. S. Government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 7 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033552 DI 10.1117/1.3255042 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520YO UT WOS:000271885900001 ER PT J AU Solovitz, SA Mastin, LG AF Solovitz, Stephen A. Mastin, Larry G. TI Experimental study of near-field air entrainment by subsonic volcanic jets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; ERUPTION COLUMNS; TURBULENT ENTRAINMENT; BUOYANT PLUME; DYNAMICS; VELOCIMETRY; CONVECTION; VELOCITY; HEIGHTS; MAGMA AB The flow structure in the developing region of a turbulent jet has been examined using particle image velocimetry methods, considering the flow at steady state conditions. The velocity fields were integrated to determine the ratio of the entrained air speed to the jet speed, which was approximately 0.03 for a range of Mach numbers up to 0.89 and Reynolds numbers up to 217,000. This range of experimental Mach and Reynolds numbers is higher than previously considered for high-accuracy entrainment measures, particularly in the near-vent region. The entrainment values are below those commonly used for geophysical analyses of volcanic plumes, suggesting that existing 1-D models are likely to understate the tendency for column collapse. C1 [Solovitz, Stephen A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Mastin, Larry G.] Cascade Volcanoes Observ, US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98601 USA. RP Solovitz, SA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave,VELS 130F, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM stevesol@vancouver.wsu.edu FU Washington State University Vancouver Research Minigrant FX This research was completed through the support of a Washington State University Vancouver Research Minigrant. The authors also wish to thank Garrett Good for his assistance in developing the experimental apparatus. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 7 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B10203 DI 10.1029/2009JB006298 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 505OY UT WOS:000270704900001 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Velasco, AA AF Parsons, Tom Velasco, Aaron A. TI On near-source earthquake triggering SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; SKULL MOUNTAIN EARTHQUAKE; NEVADA TEST-SITE; 28 JUNE 1992; STRESS TRANSFER; DYNAMIC STRESS; AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; 7.3 LANDERS; SEISMICITY AB When one earthquake triggers others nearby, what connects them? Two processes are observed: static stress change from fault offset and dynamic stress changes from passing seismic waves. In the near-source region (r <= 50 km for M similar to 5 sources) both processes may be operating, and since both mechanisms are expected to raise earthquake rates, it is difficult to isolate them. We thus compare explosions with earthquakes because only earthquakes cause significant static stress changes. We find that large explosions at the Nevada Test Site do not trigger earthquakes at rates comparable to similar magnitude earthquakes. Surface waves are associated with regional and long-range dynamic triggering, but we note that surface waves with low enough frequency to penetrate to depths where most aftershocks of the 1992 M = 5.7 Little Skull Mountain main shock occurred (similar to 12 km) would not have developed significant amplitude within a 50-km radius. We therefore focus on the best candidate phases to cause local dynamic triggering, direct waves that pass through observed near-source aftershock clusters. We examine these phases, which arrived at the nearest (200-270 km) broadband station before the surface wave train and could thus be isolated for study. Direct comparison of spectral amplitudes of presurface wave arrivals shows that M similar to 5 explosions and earthquakes deliver the same peak dynamic stresses into the near-source crust. We conclude that a static stress change model can readily explain observed aftershock patterns, whereas it is difficult to attribute near-source triggering to a dynamic process because of the dearth of aftershocks near large explosions. C1 [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Velasco, Aaron A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; Velasco, Aaron/H-2666-2012; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 68 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 3 PY 2009 VL 114 AR B10307 DI 10.1029/2008JB006277 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 502MS UT WOS:000270465100005 ER PT J AU Pite, DP Lane, KA Hermann, AK Spaulding, SA Finney, BP AF Pite, Danielle P. Lane, Kelly A. Hermann, Anna K. Spaulding, Sarah A. Finney, Bruce P. TI Historical abundance and morphology of Didymosphenia species in Naknek Lake, Alaska SO ACTA BOTANICA CROATICA LA English DT Article CT 20th International Diatom Symposium CY SEP 07-13, 2008 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP Croatian Botan Soc, Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Algol Grp DE diatom; Didymosphenia geminata; Didymosphenia clavaherculis; morphology; counting; bloom; stream; lake; invasion; history; Alaska ID KATMAI NATIONAL-PARK; STREAM MACROALGAE; GEMINATA; BACILLARIOPHYTA; LIMNOLOGY; PRESERVE; SYSTEMS; SALMON; WATER AB Since the 1980s, nuisance blooms of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt have been documented in sites that are warmer and more mesotrophic than historical records indicate. While the invasion of D. geminata in New Zealand is well documented, it is less clear whether nuisance blooms in North America are a new phenomenon. In order to test the hypothesis that D. geminata blooms have increased in recent years, we examined the historical record of this species in sediments of Naknek Lake, in Katmai National Park, Alaska. Chronological control was established by relating the presence of two ash layers to known volcanic eruptions. We identified two species of Didymosphenia within the sediment record: D. geminata and D. clavaherculis (Ehrenberg) Metzeltin et Lange-Bertalot. This is the first published record of D. clavaherculis in North America. We found no statistically significant change in the numerical presence of D. geminata or D. clavaherculis, as a group, in Naknek Lake between the years 1218 and 2003. While there has been no sudden, or recent, increase in abundance of Didymosphenia in Naknek Lake, morphological features of D. geminata populations in Naknek Lake are distinct compared to morphological features of D. geminata in streams containing nuisance blooms from sites in North America and New Zealand. Variance in the morphology of Didymosphenia cells may help determine relationships between distinct sub-populations and establish the history of habitat invasion. C1 [Pite, Danielle P.; Lane, Kelly A.; Hermann, Anna K.; Spaulding, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pite, Danielle P.] Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Hermann, Anna K.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Spaulding, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR Campus Box 450,1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sarah.spaulding@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV ZAGREB, FAC SCIENCE, DIV BIOLOGY PI ZAGREB PA C/O DAMIR VILICIC, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, ROOSEVELTOV TRG 6, ZAGREB, 00000, CROATIA SN 0365-0588 J9 ACTA BOT CROAT JI Acta Bot. Croat. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 68 IS 2 BP 183 EP 197 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514MX UT WOS:000271400100002 ER PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, Robert A. Anderson, Alan J. Bassett, William A. Chou, I-Ming TI Steric hindrance and the enhanced stability of light rare-earth elements in hydrothermal fluids SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Petrogenetic indicators; rare earth elements; hydrothermal fluids; synchrotron radiation ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CHLOROAQUA COMPLEXES; LANTHANIDE(III); SPECIATION; XAFS; AQUA; MPA AB A series of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments were made to determine the structure and stability of aqueous REE (La, Nd, Gd, and Yb) chloride complexes to 500 degrees C and 520 MPa. The REE(3+) ions exhibit inner-sphere chloroaqua complexation with a steady increase of chloride coordination with increasing temperature in the 150 to 500 degrees C range. Furthermore, the degree of chloride coordination of REE(3+) inner-sphere chloroaqua complexes decreases significantly from light to heavy REE. These results indicate that steric hindrance drives the reduction of chloride coordination of REE(3+) inner-sphere chloroaqua complexes from light to heavy REE. This results in greater stability and preferential transport of light REE(3+) over heavy REE(3+) ions in saline hydrothermal fluids. Accordingly, the preferential mobility of light REE directly influences the relative abundance of REE in rocks and minerals and thus needs to be considered in geochemical modeling of petrogenetic and ore-fort-ning processes affected by chloride-bearing hydrothermal fluids. C1 [Mayanovic, Robert A.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Anderson, Alan J.] St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. [Bassett, William A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mayanovic, RA (reprint author), Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM RobertMayanovic@MissouriState.edu FU NSF [EAR-0337338]; NSERC; U.S. Department ofEnergy [W-31-109-Eng-38, DE-FG03-97ER45628] FX We thank Steve Heald and others at PNC/XOR beanilinc, and Robert Gordon of Simon Fraser University For experimental assistance at the APS. Funding for this research was provided by the NSF EAR-0337338 grant to R.A.M. and NSERC to A.J.A. The U.S. Department ofEnergy, Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. W-31-109-Eng-38 and DE-FG03-97ER45628 (PNC/XOR) supported the use ofthe APS. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Bryan Chakournakos for his editorial work oil the manuscript. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1487 EP 1490 DI 10.2138/am.2009.3250 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 504EU UT WOS:000270599200022 ER PT J AU Reimann, C Englmaier, P Flem, B Gough, L Lamothe, P Nordgulen, O Smith, D AF Reimann, Clemens Englmaier, Peter Flem, Belinda Gough, Larry Lamothe, Paul Nordgulen, Oystein Smith, David TI Reply to the comment on "Geochemical gradients in soil O-horizon samples from southern Norway: Natural or anthropogenic?" by Eiliv Steinnes SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENRICHMENT FACTORS; DEPOSITION; MINERALS; ELEMENTS C1 [Reimann, Clemens; Flem, Belinda; Nordgulen, Oystein] Geol Survey Norway NGU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Englmaier, Peter] Univ Vienna, Fac Life Sci, Dept Freshwater Ecol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Gough, Larry] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lamothe, Paul; Smith, David] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Reimann, C (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway NGU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM Clemens.Reimann@ngu.no NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2023 EP 2025 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.06.008 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 513SY UT WOS:000271344900021 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, VB Walz, C Shafroth, PB AF Beauchamp, Vanessa B. Walz, Courtney Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Restoration; Revegetation; Salinity; Tamarix; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Rio Grande ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA SALTCEDAR; POPULUS-FREMONTII COTTONWOOD; SALT STRESS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; NORTH-AMERICA; MINERAL-NUTRITION; SOIL DISTURBANCE; SEEDLING GROWTH AB Restoration of salt-affected soils is a global concern. In the western United States, restoration of salinized land, particularly in river valleys, often involves control of Tamarix, an introduced species with high salinity tolerance Revegetation of hydrologically disconnected floodplains and terraces after Tamarix removal is often difficult because of limited knowledge regarding the salinity tolerance of candidate native species for revegetation Additionally. Tamarix appears to be non-mycorrhizal. Extended occupation of Tamarix may deplete arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, further decreasing the success of revegetation efforts. To address these issues, we screened 42 species, races. or ecotypes native to southwestern U.S. for salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness. As expected, the taxa tested showed a wide range of responses to salinity and mycorrhizal fungi. This variation also occurred between ecotypes or races of the same species, indicating that seed collected from high-salinity reference systems is likely better adapted to harsh conditions than seed originating from less saline environments. All species tested had a positive or neutral response to mycorrhizal inoculation We found no clear evidence that mycorrhizae increased salinity tolerance, but some species were so dependent oil mycorrhizal fungi that they grew poorly at all salinity levels in pasteurized soil. (C) 2009 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Beauchamp, Vanessa B.; Walz, Courtney] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, ASRC Management Serv Contracted, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Beauchamp, VB (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. FU USGS Invasive Species program FX Funding for this project was provided by the USGS Invasive Species program. The authors thank Gina Dello Ruso. Ken Lair. Dave Dreesen and Greg Fenchel for advice regarding species tested Seed of several species was collected and provided by the Los Lunas Plant Materials Center and the Audubon Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch. Mycorrhizal inoculum was donated by Reforestation Technologies International This paper was improved by comments from Ken Lair, Neil Anderson and two anonymous reviewers. NR 100 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 512NX UT WOS:000271257600003 ER PT J AU Mendez, SIS Tillitt, DE Rittenhouse, TAG Semlitsch, RD AF Mendez, S. I. Storrs Tillitt, D. E. Rittenhouse, T. A. G. Semlitsch, R. D. TI Behavioral Response and Kinetics of Terrestrial Atrazine Exposure in American Toads (Bufo americanus) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEX STEROID CONCENTRATIONS; POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; WATER-UPTAKE; FROGS; SKIN; MIGRATIONS; ABSORPTION; METAMORPHOSIS AB Amphibians in terrestrial environments obtain water through a highly vascularized pelvic patch of skin. Chemicals can also be exchanged across this patch. Atrazine (ATZ), a widespread herbicide, continues to be a concern among amphibian ecologists based on potential exposure and toxicity. Few studies have examined its impact on the terrestrial juvenile or adult stages of toads. In the current study, we asked the following questions: (1) Will juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus) avoid soils contaminated with ATZ? (2) Can they absorb ATZ across the pelvic patch? (3) If so, how is it distributed among the organs and eventually eliminated? We conducted a behavioral choice test between control soil and soil dosed with ecologically relevant concentrations of ATZ. In addition, we examined the uptake, distribution, and elimination of water dosed with (14)C-labeled ATZ. Our data demonstrate that toads do not avoid ATZ-laden soils. ATZ crossed the pelvic patch rapidly and reached an apparent equilibrium within 5 h. The majority of the radiolabeled ATZ ended up in the intestines, whereas the greatest concentrations were observed in the gall bladder. Thus, exposure of adult life stages of amphibians through direct uptake of ATZ from soils and runoff water should be considered in risk evaluations. C1 [Mendez, S. I. Storrs; Rittenhouse, T. A. G.; Semlitsch, R. D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tillitt, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Mendez, SIS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 212 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sisk95@mizzou.edu OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 590 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9292-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 495WF UT WOS:000269925200018 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Talbot, SL Lanctot, RB Scribner, KT McCracken, KG AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Talbot, Sandy L. Lanctot, Richard B. Scribner, Kim T. McCracken, Kevin G. TI HIERARCHICAL SPATIAL GENETIC STRUCTURE OF COMMON EIDERS (SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA) BREEDING ALONG A MIGRATORY CORRIDOR SO AUK LA English DT Article DE barrier islands; Beaufort Sea; Common Eider; dispersal; gene flow; microsatellites; mtDNA; philopatry; Somateria mollissima; spatial genetic structure ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; DUCK ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; CONTROL REGION; BEAUFORT SEA; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; COALESCENT APPROACH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS AB Documentation of spatial genetic discordance among breeding populations of Arctic-nesting avian species is important, because anthropogenic change is altering environmental linkages at micro- and macrogeographic scales. We estimated levels of population subdivision within Pacific Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) breeding on 12 barrier islands in the western Beaufort Sea, Alaska, using molecular markers and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data. Common Eider populations were genetically structured on a microgeographic scale. Regional comparisons between populations breeding on island groups separated by 90 km (Mikkelsen Bay and Simpson Lagoon) revealed structuring at 1.4 microsatellite loci (F(ST) = 0.004, P < 0.01), a nuclear intron (F(ST) = 0.022, P = 0.02), and mitochondrial DNA (Phi(ST) = 0.082, P < 0.05). The CMR data (n = 34) did not indicate female dispersal between island groups. Concordance between genetic and CMR data indicates that females breeding in the western Beaufort Sea are strongly philopatric to island groups rather than to a particular island. Despite the apparent high site fidelity of females, coalescence-based models of gene flow suggest that asymmetrical western dispersal occurs between island groups and is likely mediated by Mikkelsen Bay females stopping early on spring migration at Simpson Lagoon to breed. Alternatively, late-arriving females may be predisposed to nest in Simpson Lagoon because of the greater availability and wider distribution of nesting habitat. Our results indicate that genetic discontinuities, mediated by female philopatry, can exist at microgeographic scales along established migratory corridors. Received 31 October 2008, accepted 3 May 2009. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Talbot, Sandy L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alabama Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 FU Mineral Management Service [1435-01-98-CA-309]; Coastal Marine Institute [1435-01-98-CA-309]; University of Alaska Fairbanks; U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska EPSCoR Graduate Fellowship; NSF [EPS-0092040]; University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Fund; BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc FX Funding was provided by Mineral Management Service (1435-01-98-CA-309) through the Coastal Marine Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska EPSCoR Graduate Fellowship (NSF EPS-0092040), University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Fund, and BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. We thank all the U.S. Geological Survey researchers and biologists that worked on the Beaufort Sea Common Eider project, especially P. Flint, J. C. Franson, D. LaCroix, and J. Reed, as well as J. Gust and G. K. Sage, who provided laboratory assistance. J. Gleason, C. Mormett, J. Pearce, M. Petersen, and J. Gust, U.S. Geological Survey, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. MIGRATE software and documentation are available from P. Beerli at popgen.scs.fsu.edu/migrate.download.html. NETWORK is available at www.fluxus-engineering.com. FSTAT is available from J. Goudet at www2.unil.ch/popgen/softwares/fstat.htm. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 744 EP 754 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.08224 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 508TL UT WOS:000270959100002 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM McCracken, KG Christensen, TK Zhuravlev, YN AF Pearce, John M. McCracken, Kevin G. Christensen, Thomas K. Zhuravlev, Yuri N. TI MIGRATORY PATTERNS AND POPULATION STRUCTURE AMONG BREEDING AND WINTERING RED-BREASTED MERGANSERS (MERGUS SERRATOR) AND COMMON MERGANSERS (M. MERGANSER) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE cavity nesting; Common Merganser; Mergus merganser; M. serrator; migratory connectivity; mitochondrial DNA; philopatry; Red-breasted Merganser; sea ducks; waterfowl ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL REGION; GENETICS; BIRDS; DIFFERENTIATION; MECHANISMS; PHILOPATRY; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; DISTANCE AB Philopatry has long been assumed to structure populations of waterfowl and other species of birds genetically, especially via maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), yet other migratory behaviors and nesting ecology (use of ground vs. cavity sites) may also contribute to population genetic structure. We investigated the effects of migration and nesting ecology on the population genetic structure of two Holarctic waterfowl, the Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) and Common Merganser (M. merganser), using mtDNA control-region sequence data. Red-breasted Mergansers (a ground-nesting species) exhibited lower levels of population differentiation across their North American range, possibly as a result of post-Pleistocene range expansion and population growth. By contrast, Common Mergansers (a cavity-nesting species) breeding in western and eastern North America were strongly differentiated, as were continental groups in North America and Europe. Our hypothesis that population differentiation of breeding female Common Mergansers results from limited migration during non-breeding periods was not supported, in that equally heterogeneous mtDNA lineages were observed in males and females on several wintering areas. The interspecific differences in mtDNA patterns for these two closely related species may have resulted from factors related to nesting ecology (ground vs. cavity nesting) and responses to historical climate change. Received 17 September 2008, accepted 20 April 2009. C1 [Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Pearce, John M.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pearce, John M.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Christensen, Thomas K.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Biodivers, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark. [Zhuravlev, Yuri N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol & Soil Sci, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jpearce@usgs.gov RI Christensen, Thomas/J-4915-2013 FU North American Sea Duck Joint Venture; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Department of Biology and Wildlife at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks FX We thank D. Derksen, P. Flint, S. Talbot, C. Dau, J. Peters, J. Gust, K. Sage, and M. Marquiss. Numerous individuals and agencies donated DNA samples, including P. Padding and K. Bollinger (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service); K. Timm, R. McNeil, and B. Braune (National Wildlife Research Center, Canadian Wildlife Service); M. Marquiss (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Scotland); D. Boertmann (National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark); S. Birks and R. Faucett (Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture); L. Savoy (BioDiversity Research Institute); J. Smith and J. Parrish (University of Washington); T. Sutter (New York Department of Environmental Conservation); K. Winker, S. Sonsthagen, and R. Wilson (University of Alaska, Fairbanks); P. Abraham and T. Allen (Togiak National Wildlife Refuge); S. Kendall (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge); D. Zwiefelhofer (Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge); J. Morton and T. Eskelin (Kenai National Wildlife Refuge); and D. Sonneborn, M. Schwitters, and staff of the U.S. Coast Guard (Attu Loran Station). This research was supported primarily by the North American Sea Duck Joint Venture. Additional funding and support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center and by the Department of Biology and Wildlife at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. K. Winker, M. Olson, M. Lindberg, P. Flint, D. Derksen, J. Klicka, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 25 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 784 EP 798 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.08182 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 508TL UT WOS:000270959100006 ER PT J AU Ahlering, MA Johnson, DH Faaborg, J AF Ahlering, Marissa A. Johnson, Douglas H. Faaborg, John TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ARRIVAL DENSITIES OF GRASSHOPPER SPARROW (AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM) AND BAIRD'S SPARROW (A. BAIRDII) IN THE UPPER GREAT PLAINS SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus bairdii; A. savannarum; Baird's Sparrow; Grasshopper Sparrow; habitat selection; North Dakota; Saskatchewan ID GRASSLAND BIRDS; SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; NORTH-DAKOTA; VEGETATION; SONGBIRDS; AREA; PREDATORS; SELECTION AB Although critical to habitat and population management, the proximate cues that birds use to establish territories are largely unknown. Understanding these cues is important for birds, such as many grassland birds, that exhibit high annual variability in population density and make new habitat-selection decisions annually. Identifying the actual cues used is difficult in the field, but the factors associated with the arrival densities of birds can help uncover variables that are involved in or correlated with cues used for selection. During the summers of 2002-2004, we investigated how weather and local vegetation factors were related to arrival densities of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) and Baird's Sparrows (A. bairdii) at three locations across North Dakota and Saskatchewan. Spring densities of Grasshopper Sparrows were positively correlated with concurrent May precipitation, whereas densities of Baird's Sparrows were negatively correlated with the previous winter's snowfall. We used a model-selection approach to evaluate the vegetation characteristics associated with arrival densities of birds. Grasshopper Sparrow densities showed a strong negative relationship to woody cover, and Baird's Sparrow densities showed a negative relationship to vegetation height and vegetation density near the ground. Our results provide a first detailed look at habitat and weather associations immediately after arrival in spring and an important first step in uncovering factors that may be involved in habitat selection in two grassland species. Received 13 August 2008, accepted 20 April 2009. C1 [Ahlering, Marissa A.; Faaborg, John] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ahlering, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM ahleringm@si.edu FU USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota FX We thank the staff at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center for logistical support and assistance. We are grateful to the staffs at Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Lostwood NWR, the North Dakota Game and Fish Department, The Nature Conservancy, Ducks Unlimited, and Agriculture Canada (Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act) for additional support, assistance, and access to land. We are also grateful to Lostwood NWR for housing and vehicle support on the refuge for three years and to the Saskatchewan Watershed Authority, especially G. McMaster, for help in leasing vehicles. Special thanks to the field crew; data collection would not have been possible without them. Thanks to W. A. Cox, R. Hirsh-Jacobson, C. Merkord, M. S. Pruett, J. Reidy, C. Rittenhouse, M. Ryan, and W. Wehtje for reviewing the manuscript. This study was funded by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota, and all banding and nest-searching protocols were approved by the University of Missouri Animal Care and Use Committee (no. 3843). NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.08154 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 508TL UT WOS:000270959100007 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Afton, AD AF Anteau, Michael J. Afton, Alan D. TI LIPID RESERVES OF LESSER SCAUP (AYTHYA AFFINIS) MIGRATING ACROSS A LARGE LANDSCAPE ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE "SPRING CONDITION" HYPOTHESIS SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; body condition; Lesser Scaup; lipids; migratory fattening; population regulation; stopover area; survival; waterfowl ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; NUTRIENT RESERVES; UPPER-MIDWEST; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; BODY CONDITION; SNOW GEESE; WINTER; BIRDS; POPULATION; SCHEDULES AB The "spring condition" hypothesis (SCH) states that nutrition during spring migration affects survival, reproductive success, and, ultimately, population size of migratory birds. The North American population of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) has experienced a marked decline, apparently because of poor recruitment. An important prediction of the SCH is that female Lesser Scaup have low lipid reserves during spring migration. We previously reported that lipid reserves and body mass of females collected on migratory stopover areas in northwestern Minnesota in springs 2000-2001 were lower than those on the same areas in the 1980s and markedly lower than those collected at Pool 19 of the Mississippi River in 2000-2001, an important preceding stopover area. However, it was unclear whether these findings represented a site-specific result or a landscape-scale phenomenon. Accordingly, we examined lipid and body mass of 641 female Lesser Scaup migrating across seven eco-physiographic regions of Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota during springs 2003-2005. We found that lipids and body mass of females throughout the Upper Midwest were similar to or less than the low values documented in northwestern Minnesota in springs 2000-2001 and markedly lower than those of females at Pool 19 in springs 2000-2001. Accordingly, our results are consistent with a prediction of the SCH, because lipid and body mass of females are low throughout this large landscape, lower than at an important preceding stopover area, and lower than all historical values. Finally, our results suggest the potential for cross-seasonal influences of nutrition on recruitment and that a stronger management focus on spring migration habitats may be necessary for conservation and recovery of declining migratory birds, especially Lesser Scaup. Received 30 September 2008; accepted 8; May 2009. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov FU Ducks Unlimited Inc. USA; Federal and Winchester Cartridge companies; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research (IWWR) of Ducks Unlimited Canada; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Louisiana State University FX We thank the following for assistance with collection of birds or laboratory analyses: L. Ball, R. Brady, W. Brininger, Jr., P. Bultsma, S. Caron, R. Durham, R. Faulkner, A. Greer, A. Hancock, D. Hoffman, J. Huener, R. Jensen, J. Kavanagh, A. Leach, J. Leslie, P. Mathews, S. McLoed, R. Meidinger, B. Meixell, D. Nelson, M. Olinde, R. Olsen, R. Renner, D. Soehren, S. Solieu, S. Stephens, M. Szymanski, A. Tobiason, T. Vidrine, J. Vorland, J. Walker, R. Warhurst, and G. Zenner. We acknowledge numerous landowners that allowed us to work on their property. We thank M. Anderson, A. Anteau, J. Austin, B. Batt, J. Berdeen, F. Bolduc, E. Bowers, T. Bishop, K. Brennan, R. Durham, J. Fernandez, M. Gulick, A. Hancock, R. Heim, D. Hertel, R. Hier, K. Howard, M. Johnson, R. Johnson, J. Lawrence, C. Loesch, J. Marki, R. Markl, T. Michot, E. Moser, W. Norling, J. Nyman, M. Ohide, B. Pardo, S. Piepgras, D. Rave, R. Reynolds, J. Ringelman, F. Rohwer, T. Rondeau, B. Schultz, S. Stephens, M. Szymanski, P. Telander, B. Wehrle, and G. Zenner for their help or support of the project. We thank the following organizations for financial or in-kind support: Ducks Unlimited Inc. USA, Federal and Winchester Cartridge companies, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research (IWWR) of Ducks Unlimited Canada, IWWR of Ducks Unlimited Canada through the Bonnycastle Fellowship, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Louisiana State University through the Bosch Fellowship, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Waterfowl Association, North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Prairie Pothole joint Venture, Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions 3 and 6 Habitat and Population Evaluation Team offices, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and USGS National Wetland Research Center. Lastly, we thank D. Ankney, Q Guo, S. McWilliams, and anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments to improve the manuscript. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 873 EP 883 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.08193 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 508TL UT WOS:000270959100015 ER PT J AU Wunder, MB Hobson, KA Kelly, J Marra, PP Wassenaar, LI Stricker, CA Doucett, RR AF Wunder, Michael B. Hobson, Keith A. Kelly, Jeff Marra, Peter P. Wassenaar, Leonard I. Stricker, Craig A. Doucett, Richard R. TI Does a lack of design and repeatability compromise scientific criticism? A response to Smith et al. (2009). SO AUK LA English DT Letter ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPE VALUES; STABLE-HYDROGEN; GEOGRAPHIC ASSIGNMENT; COMPARATIVE EQUILIBRATION; ANIMAL MIGRATION; RAPTOR FEATHERS; ORIGIN; RATIOS C1 [Hobson, Keith A.; Wassenaar, Leonard I.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Kelly, Jeff] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kelly, Jeff] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Doucett, Richard R.] No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Stable Isotope Lab, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Hobson, KA (reprint author), Environm Canada, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. EM keith.hobson@ec.gc.ca RI Wassenaar, Leonard/B-7508-2009; Wassenaar, Leonard/B-5996-2013 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 922 EP 926 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 508TL UT WOS:000270959100020 ER PT J AU Robbins, CS AF Robbins, Chandler S. TI IN MEMORIAM: MARY KATHLEEN KLIMKIEWICZ, 1943-2008 SO AUK LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Robbins, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 934 EP 935 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 508TL UT WOS:000270959100023 ER PT J AU Houseknecht, DW Bird, KJ Schenk, CJ AF Houseknecht, David W. Bird, Kenneth J. Schenk, Christopher J. TI Seismic analysis of clinoform depositional sequences and shelf-margin trajectories in Lower Cretaceous (Albian) strata, Alaska North Slope SO BASIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER SANDS; STRATIGRAPHY; DELTAS AB Lower Cretaceous strata beneath the Alaska North Slope include clinoform depositional sequences that filled the western Colville foreland basin and overstepped the Beaufort rift shoulder. Analysis of Albian clinoform sequences with two-dimensional (2D) seismic data resulted in the recognition of seismic facies inferred to represent lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. These are stacked to produce shelf-margin trajectories that appear in low-resolution seismic data to alternate between aggradational and progradational. Higher-resolution seismic data reveal shelf-margin trajectories that are more complex, particularly in net-aggradational areas, where three patterns commonly are observed: (1) a negative (downward) step across the sequence boundary followed by mostly aggradation in the lowstand systems tract (LST), (2) a positive (upward) step across the sequence boundary followed by mostly progradation in the LST and (3) an upward backstep across a mass-failure decollement. These different shelf-margin trajectories are interpreted as (1) fall of relative sea level below the shelf edge, (2) fall of relative sea level to above the shelf edge and (3) mass-failure removal of shelf-margin sediment. Lowstand shelf margins mapped using these criteria are oriented north-south in the foreland basin, indicating longitudinal filling from west to east. The shelf margins turn westward in the north, where the clinoform depositional system overstepped the rift shoulder, and turn eastward in the south, suggesting progradation of depositional systems from the ancestral Brooks Range into the foredeep. Lowstand shelf-margin orientations are consistently perpendicular to clinoform-foreset-dip directions. Although the Albian clinoform sequences of the Alaska North Slope are generally similar in stratal geometry to clinoform sequences elsewhere, they are significantly thicker. Clinoform-sequence thickness ranges from 600-1000 m in the north to 1700-2000 m in the south, reflecting increased accommodation from the rift shoulder into the foredeep. The unusually thick clinoform sequences suggest significant subsidence followed by rapid sediment influx. C1 [Houseknecht, David W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Bird, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schenk, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Houseknecht, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM dhouse@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-091X J9 BASIN RES JI Basin Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5 BP 644 EP 654 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00392.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 496LS UT WOS:000269976200010 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, J Taylor, JP Smith, LM Haukos, DA AF Bhattacharjee, Joydeep Taylor, John P., Jr. Smith, Loren M. Haukos, David A. TI Seedling competition between native cottonwood and exotic saltcedar: implications for restoration SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Competition; Cottonwood; Saltcedar; Seedling; Riparian ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; LARGE FLOODS; NEW-MEXICO; DISTURBANCE; ESTABLISHMENT; DYNAMICS; FOREST AB Altered hydrology of southwestern United States rivers has led to a decline in native cottonwood (Populus deltoides). Areas historically dominated by cottonwood have been replaced by invasive saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis). Restoration of historic hydrology through periodic flooding of riparian areas has been a means of restoring native species. However, due to similarity in germination requirements of cottonwoods and saltcedars, flooding may create an unwanted increase in the number of saltcedar seedlings. Therefore, we evaluated competitive aspects of these co-occurring species in an extant riparian habitat in the arid southwestern US. We measured effects of competition between cottonwood and saltcedar seedlings and among cottonwood seedlings during the first growing season following seedling establishment in 360, 0.5 x 0.5-m plots at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico. We used five interspecific density treatments and five intraspecific density treatments. Cottonwood seedling biomass and height were twice that of saltcedar seedlings across all density treatments. As density of cottonwood increased, intraspecific competition increased in severity and biomass of cottonwood seedlings decreased. At 4 plants/0.25 m(2), cottonwood seedlings had the greatest biomass; whereas, survival was highest at 10 plants/0.25 m(2). Our results support greenhouse studies and suggest that if favorable germination conditions are established for cottonwood in floodplains, saltcedar seedlings that cogerminate could be outcompeted by native cottonwood seedlings. C1 [Bhattacharjee, Joydeep] Univ Louisiana Monroe, Dept Biol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. [Taylor, John P., Jr.] Bosque Apache Natl Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Smith, Loren M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, J (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Monroe, Dept Biol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM joydeep@ulm.edu NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1777 EP 1787 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9357-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 490TV UT WOS:000269529100003 ER PT J AU Fargione, JE Cooper, TR Flaspohler, DJ Hill, J Lehman, C McCoy, T McLeod, S Nelson, EJ Oberhauser, KS Tilman, D AF Fargione, Joseph E. Cooper, Thomas R. Flaspohler, David J. Hill, Jason Lehman, Clarence McCoy, Tim McLeod, Scott Nelson, Erik J. Oberhauser, Karen S. Tilman, David TI Bioenergy and Wildlife: Threats and Opportunities for Grassland Conservation SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn; biofuel; grassland; wildlife; cellulosic ethanol ID LAND-USE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; RESERVE PROGRAM; CORN STOVER; BIOMASS; NITROGEN; CARBON; MANAGEMENT; BIOFUELS; TILLAGE AB Demand for land to grow corn for ethanol increased in the United States by 4.9 million hectares between 2005 and 2008, with wide-ranging effects on wildlife, including habitat loss: Depending on how biofuels are made, additional production could have similar impacts. We present a framework for assessing the impacts of biofuels on wildlife, and we use this framework to evaluate the impacts of existing and emerging biofuels feedstocks on grassland wildlife. Meeting the growing demand for biefuels while avoiding negative impacts on wildlife will require either biomass sources that do not require additional land (e.g., wastes, residues, cover crops, algae) or crop production practices that are compatible with wildlife. Diverse native prairie offers a potential approach to bioenergy production (including fuel, electricity, and heat). that is compatible with wildlife. Additional research is required to assess the compatibility of wildlife with different composition, inputs, and harvest management approaches, and to address concerns over prairie yields versus the yields of other biofuel crops. C1 [Fargione, Joseph E.] N Amer Reg Nat Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cooper, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Ft Snelling, MN USA. [Flaspohler, David J.] Michigan Tech Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI USA. [Hill, Jason] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lehman, Clarence; Tilman, David] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [McCoy, Tim] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE USA. [McLeod, Scott] Great Plains Reg Off Ducks Unltd, Bismarck, ND USA. [Nelson, Erik J.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Oberhauser, Karen S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Fargione, JE (reprint author), N Amer Reg Nat Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM jfargione@tnc.org RI Hill, Jason/A-8919-2008 OI Hill, Jason/0000-0001-7609-6713 FU Initiative on Renewable Energy and the Environment and the Institute on the Environment at The University of Minnesota FX We thank Sarah Eichhorst for drawing figure 4 and the Initiative on Renewable Energy and the Environment and the Institute on the Environment at The University of Minnesota, who funded the conference, "Biofuel Production and Wildlife Protection: Discovering the Best Management Practices for the Great Plains," which formed the basis for this article. NR 67 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 9 U2 76 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 9 BP 767 EP 777 DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.9.8 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 504RK UT WOS:000270634700008 ER PT J AU Fraser, J Pigati, JS Hubert-Ferrari, A Vanneste, K Avsar, U Altinok, S AF Fraser, J. Pigati, J. S. Hubert-Ferrari, A. Vanneste, K. Avsar, U. Altinok, S. TI A 3000-Year Record of Ground-Rupturing Earthquakes along the Central North Anatolian Fault near Lake Ladik, Turkey SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PALEOSEISMOLOGIC RECORD; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; AGE CALIBRATION; C-14 DATA; SEGMENT; RECURRENCE; GEOMETRY; MODELS; RATES; ZONE AB The North Anatolian fault (NAF) is a similar to 1500 km long, arcuate, dextral strike-slip fault zone in northern Turkey that extends from the Karliova triple junction to the Aegean Sea. East of Bolu, the fault zone exhibits evidence of a sequence of large (M(w) > 7) earthquakes that occurred during the twentieth century that displayed a migrating earthquake sequence from east to west. Prolonged human occupation in this region provides an extensive, but not exhaustive, historical record of large earthquakes prior to the twentieth century that covers much of the last 2000 yr. In this study, we extend our knowledge of rupture events in the region by evaluating the stratigraphy and chronology of sediments exposed in a paleoseismic trench across a splay of the NAF at Destek, similar to 6: 5 km east of Lake Ladik (40.868 degrees N, 36.121 degrees E). The trenched fault strand forms an uphill-facing scarp and associated sediment trap below a small catchment area. The trench exposed a narrow fault zone that has juxtaposed a sequence of weakly defined paleosols interbedded with colluvium against highly fractured bedrock. We mapped magnetic susceptibility variations on the trench walls and found evidence for multiple visually unrecognized colluvial wedges. This technique was also used to constrain a predominantly dip-slip style of displacement on this fault splay. Sediments exposed in the trench were dated using both charcoal and terrestrial gastropod shells to constrain the timing of the earthquake events. While the gastropod shells consistently yielded (14)C ages that were too old (by similar to 900 yr), we obtained highly reliable (14)C ages from the charcoal by dating multiple components of the sample material. Our radiocarbon chronology constrains the timing of seven large earthquakes over the past 3000 yr prior to the 1943 Tosya earthquake, including event ages of (2 sigma error): A. D. 1437-1788, A. D. 1034-1321, A. D. 549-719, A. D. 17-585 (1-3 events), 35 B. C.-A. D. 28, 700-392 B. C., 912-596 B. C. Our results indicate an average interevent time of 385 +/- 166 degrees yr (1 sigma). C1 [Fraser, J.; Hubert-Ferrari, A.; Vanneste, K.; Avsar, U.] Royal Observ Belgium, Seismol Sect, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Pigati, J. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80227 USA. [Altinok, S.] Osmangazi Univ, Dept Geol, Fac Engn, Eskisehir, Turkey. RP Fraser, J (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Seismol Sect, Ave Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM jeph4e@gmail.com RI Avsar, Ulas/M-9453-2014 OI Avsar, Ulas/0000-0002-3224-8399 FU Seismology Section of the Royal Observatory of Belgium FX This work was carried out in the frame of the Marie Curie Excellence Grant Project Understanding the Irregularity of Seismic Cycles: A Case Study in Turkey (MEXT-CT-2005-025617: Seismic Cycles) centered at the Seismology Section of the Royal Observatory of Belgium whom we would like to thank for their support. We are grateful for the assistance of Erhan Altunel of Osmangazi University for assistance with logistics. We also thank Lynda Klasky and the staff at the Desert Laboratory for daily support and assistance and Jay Quade for supplying access to his laboratories. We would like to warmly thank the people and local authorities of Destek, the land owners at the trench site, and the people of Boraboy where we stayed during field work. Finally, we thank R. Heermance, D. Malmon, an anonymous reviewer, and particularly J. Lienkaemper for reviews of preliminary versions of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2681 EP 2703 DI 10.1785/0120080024 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 507MJ UT WOS:000270857800004 ER PT J AU Felzer, KR Kilb, D AF Felzer, Karen R. Kilb, Debi TI A Case Study of Two M similar to 5 Mainshocks in Anza, California: Is the Footprint of an Aftershock Sequence Larger Than We Think? SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DYNAMIC STRESSES; 7.3 LANDERS; M-W; SEISMICITY; MODELS; LAW; ATTENUATION AB It has been traditionally held that aftershocks occur within one to two fault lengths of the mainshock. Here we demonstrate that this perception has been shaped by the sensitivity of seismic networks. The 31 October 2001 M-w 5.0 and 12 June 2005 M-w 5.2 Anza mainshocks in southern California occurred in the middle of the densely instrumented ANZA seismic network and thus were unusually well recorded. For the June 2005 event, aftershocks as small as M 0.0 could be observed stretching for at least 50 km along the San Jacinto fault even though the mainshock fault was only similar to 4.5 km long. It was hypothesized that an observed aseismic slipping patch produced a spatially extended aftershock-triggering source, presumably slowing the decay of aftershock density with distance and leading to a broader aftershock zone. We find, however, the decay of aftershock density with distance for both Anza sequences to be similar to that observed elsewhere in California. This indicates there is no need for an additional triggering mechanism and suggests that given widespread dense instrumentation, aftershock sequences would routinely have footprints much larger than currently expected. Despite the large 2005 aftershock zone, we find that the probability that the 2005 Anza mainshock triggered the M 4.9 Yucaipa mainshock, which occurred 4.2 days later and 72 km away, to be only 14% +/- 1%. This probability is a strong function of the time delay; had the earthquakes been separated by only an hour, the probability of triggering would have been 89%. C1 [Felzer, Karen R.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Kilb, Debi] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Felzer, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. FU Blasker-Rose-Miah Fund; San Diego Foundation FX We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers whose reviews were very helpful in making this article clearer and easier to read. Thanks also to BSSA associate editor L. Wolf We also thank J. Hardebeck and S. Hough for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) internal reviews and thorough and thoughtful comments, and A. and L. Felzer for editing and assistance. Funding for D. Kilb was provided by the Blasker-Rose-Miah Fund, which is part of the science and technology grants from the San Diego Foundation. We are grateful to those associated with the collection, analyses, and cataloging of the ANZA seismic network data and the Southern California Seismic Network data; without these data this work would not have been possible. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2721 EP 2735 DI 10.1785/0120080268 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 507MJ UT WOS:000270857800006 ER PT J AU Murray-Moraleda, JR Simpson, RW AF Murray-Moraleda, Jessica R. Simpson, Robert W. TI Geodetically Inferred Coseismic and Postseismic Slip due to the M 5.4 31 October 2007 Alum Rock Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CALAVERAS FAULT; SEISMIC HAZARD; 1992 LANDERS; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; PARKFIELD; RUPTURE AB On 31 October 2007 the M 5.4 Alum Rock earthquake occurred near the junction between the Hayward and Calaveras faults in the San Francisco Bay Area, producing coseismic and postseismic displacements recorded by 10 continuously operating Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments. The cumulative postseismic displacements over the four months following the earthquake are linearly related to the cumulative number of aftershocks and are comparable in magnitude to the coseismic displacements. The postseismic signal suggests that, in addition to afterslip at seismogenic depths, localized right-lateral/reverse slip occurred on dipping shallow fault surfaces southwest of the Calaveras. The spatial distribution of slip inferred by inverting the GPS data is compatible with a model in which moderate Calaveras fault earthquakes rupture locked patches surrounded by areas of creep, afterslip, and microseismicity (Oppenheimer et al., 1990). If this model and existing Calaveras fault slip rate estimates are correct, a slip deficit remains on the 2007 Alum Rock rupture patch that may be made up by aseismic slip or slip in larger earthquakes. Recent studies (e. g., Manaker et al., 2005) suggest that at depth the Hayward and central Calaveras faults connect via a simple continuous surface illuminated by the Mission Seismic Trend (MST), implying that a damaging earthquake rupture could involve both faults (Graymer et al., 2008). If this geometry is correct, the combined coseismic and postseismic slip we infer for the 2007 Alum Rock event predicts static Coulomb stress increases of similar to 0.6 bar on the MST surface and on the northern Calaveras fault similar to 5 km northwest of the Alum Rock hypocenter. C1 [Murray-Moraleda, Jessica R.; Simpson, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Murray-Moraleda, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2784 EP 2800 DI 10.1785/0120090017 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 507MJ UT WOS:000270857800011 ER PT J AU McGarr, A Boettcher, M Fletcher, JB Sell, R Johnston, MJS Durrheim, R Spottiswoode, S Milev, A AF McGarr, A. Boettcher, M. Fletcher, J. B. Sell, R. Johnston, M. J. S. Durrheim, R. Spottiswoode, S. Milev, A. TI Broadband Records of Earthquakes in Deep Gold Mines and a Comparison with Results from SAFOD, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE PARAMETERS; GROUND MOTION; PARKFIELD; FRICTION; TREMORS; SLIP AB For one week during September 2007, we deployed a temporary network of field recorders and accelerometers at four sites within two deep, seismically active mines. The ground-motion data, recorded at 200 samples/sec, are well suited to determining source and ground-motion parameters for the mining-induced earthquakes within and adjacent to our network. Four earthquakes with magnitudes close to 2 were recorded with high signal/noise at all four sites. Analysis of seismic moments and peak velocities, in conjunction with the results of laboratory stick-slip friction experiments, were used to estimate source processes that are key to understanding source physics and to assessing underground seismic hazard. The maximum displacements on the rupture surfaces can be estimated from the parameter R (v) under bar, where (v) under bar is the peak ground velocity at a given recording site, and R is the hypocentral distance. For each earthquake, the maximum slip and seismic moment can be combined with results from laboratory friction experiments to estimate the maximum slip rate within the rupture zone. Analysis of the four M 2 earthquakes recorded during our deployment and one of special interest recorded by the in-mine seismic network in 2004 revealed maximum slips ranging from 4 to 27 mm and maximum slip rates from 1.1 to 6: 3 m/sec. Applying the same analyses to an M 2.1 earthquake within a cluster of repeating earthquakes near the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth site, California, yielded similar results for maximum slip and slip rate, 14 mm and 4: 0 m/sec. C1 [McGarr, A.; Boettcher, M.; Fletcher, J. B.; Sell, R.; Johnston, M. J. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Durrheim, R.; Spottiswoode, S.; Milev, A.] CSIR, Nat Resources & Environm Unit, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcgarr@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2815 EP 2824 DI 10.1785/0120080336 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 507MJ UT WOS:000270857800013 ER PT J AU Thompson, EM Baise, LG Kayen, RE Guzina, BB AF Thompson, Eric M. Baise, Laurie G. Kayen, Robert E. Guzina, Bojan B. TI Impediments to Predicting Site Response: Seismic Property Estimation and Modeling Simplifications SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; GROUND-MOTION; SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; DOWNHOLE ARRAY; CALIFORNIA; PROPAGATION; SURFACE; SIMULATION; SCATTERING AB We compare estimates of the empirical transfer function (ETF) to the plane SH-wave theoretical transfer function (TTF) within a laterally constant medium for invasive and noninvasive estimates of the seismic shear-wave slownesses at 13 Kiban-Kyoshin network stations throughout Japan. The difference between the ETF and either of the TTFs is substantially larger than the difference between the two TTFs computed from different estimates of the seismic properties. We show that the plane SH-wave TTF through a laterally homogeneous medium at vertical incidence inadequately models observed amplifications at most sites for both slowness estimates, obtained via downhole measurements and the spectral analysis of surface waves. Strategies to improve the predictions can be separated into two broad categories: improving the measurement of soil properties and improving the theory that maps the 1D soil profile onto spectral amplification. Using an example site where the 1D plane SH-wave formulation poorly predicts the ETF, we find a more satisfactory fit to the ETF by modeling the full wavefield and incorporating spatially correlated variability of the seismic properties. We conclude that our ability to model the observed site response transfer function is limited largely by the assumptions of the theoretical formulation rather than the uncertainty of the soil property estimates. C1 [Thompson, Eric M.; Baise, Laurie G.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Kayen, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Guzina, Bojan B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Thompson, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 113 Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM eric.thompson@tufts.edu RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; Baise, Laurie/D-1648-2010; Guzina, Bojan/I-3572-2016 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; Guzina, Bojan/0000-0002-2444-463X FU National Science Foundation [CMS-0409311] FX Comments by Dave Boore, Francisco Ch~vez-Garc a, Michael Asten, and an anonymous reviewer significantly improved this manuscript. The first and second authors are funded by National Science Foundation Grant CMS-0409311. We thank the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention for the making the KiK-net strong-motion data and downhole profiles freely available (see Data and Resources section). We thank Anders Petersson for answering our questions regarding WPP, and we thank Ken Valentine and Durwood Marshall for their help in running WPP on the Tufts research cluster. NR 59 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2927 EP 2949 DI 10.1785/0120080224 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 507MJ UT WOS:000270857800020 ER PT J AU Tkalcic, H Dreger, DS Foulger, GR Julian, BR AF Tkalcic, Hrvoje Dreger, Douglas S. Foulger, Gillian R. Julian, Bruce R. TI The Puzzle of the 1996 Bardarbunga, Iceland, Earthquake: No Volumetric Component in the Source Mechanism SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; SEISMIC MOMENT TENSOR; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; GRENSDALUR VOLCANIC COMPLEX; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE BENEATH; DOUBLE-COUPLE EARTHQUAKES; LOCAL NOISY RECORDS; ANOMALOUS EARTHQUAKES; RECEIVER FUNCTIONS; SOURCE PARAMETERS AB A volcanic earthquake with M(w) 5: 6 occurred beneath the Bardarbunga caldera in Iceland on 29 September 1996. This earthquake is one of a decade-long sequence of M 5+ events at Bardarbunga with non-double-couple mechanisms in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog. Fortunately, it was recorded well by the regional-scale Iceland Hotspot Project seismic experiment. We investigated the event with a complete moment tensor inversion method using regional long-period seismic waveforms and a composite structural model. The moment tensor inversion using data from stations of the Iceland Hotspot Project yields a non-double-couple solution with a 67% vertically oriented compensated linear vector dipole component, a 32% double-couple component, and a statistically insignificant (2%) volumetric (isotropic) contraction. This indicates the absence of a net volumetric component, which is puzzling in the case of a large volcanic earthquake that apparently is not explained by shear slip on a planar fault. A possible volcanic mechanism that can produce an earthquake without a volumetric component involves two offset sources with similar but opposite volume changes. We show that although such a model cannot be ruled out, the circumstances under which it could happen are rare. C1 [Tkalcic, Hrvoje] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Dreger, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Foulger, Gillian R.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Julian, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tkalcic, H (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Mills Rd,Bldg 61, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM Hrvoje.Tkalcic@anu.edu.au; dreger@seismo.berkeley.edu; g.r.foulger@durham.ac.uk; julian@usgs.gov RI Tkalcic, Hrvoje/E-8465-2013 OI Tkalcic, Hrvoje/0000-0001-7072-490X FU Lawrence Livermore National Laborator FX We are grateful the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory postdoctoral program for supporting H. Tkalcic's time on this project, while he was a postdoctoral research fellow at that institution. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor Charlotte Rowe, whose comments helped to improve this manuscript. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 5 BP 3077 EP 3085 DI 10.1785/0120080361 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 507MJ UT WOS:000270857800031 ER PT J AU Demma, DJ Mech, LD AF Demma, Dominic J. Mech, L. David TI Wolf, Canis lupus, Visits to White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Summer Ranges: Optimal Foraging? SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wolf; Canis lupus; White-tailed Deer; Odocoileus virginianus; predation; optimal foraging; Minnesota AB We tested whether Wolf (Canis lupus) visits to individual female White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) summer ranges during 2003 and 2004 in northeastern Minnesota were in accord with optimal-foraging theory. Using GPS collars with 10- to 30-minute location attempts on four Wolves and five female deer, plus eleven VHF-collared female deer in the Wolves' territory, provided new insights into the frequency of Wolf visits to summer ranges of female deer. Wolves made a mean 0.055 visits/day to summer ranges of deer three years and older, significantly more than their 0.032 mean visits/day to ranges of two-year-old deer, which generally produce fewer fawns, and most Wolf visits to ranges of older deer were much longer than those to ranges of younger deer. Because fawns comprise the major part of the Wolf's summer diet, this Wolf behavior accords with optimal-foraging theory. C1 [Demma, Dominic J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Demma, DJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1800 Glenn Hwy,Suite 4, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM dominic.demma@alaska.gov FU Biological Resources Discipline; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station; W M Foundation; University of Minnesota; Valerie Gates FX This study was supported by the Biological Resources Discipline, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station, the W & M Foundation, the University of Minnesota, and Valerie Gates. We thank numerous volunteer technicians for completing long hours of field work in often challenging conditions, and Shannon Barber-Meyer and Dan MacNulty for critiquing the manuscript. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 123 IS 4 BP 299 EP 303 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V17BD UT WOS:000207911800001 ER PT J AU Jones, MT Sievert, PR AF Jones, Michael T. Sievert, Paul R. TI Effects of Stochastic Flood Disturbance on Adult Wood Turtles, Glyptemys insculpta, in Massachusetts SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wood Turtle; Glyptemys insculpta; freshwater turtles; floods; rivers; disturbance; stream gradient; climate change; Massachusetts; New England ID CLEMMYS-INSCULPTA; BOX TURTLE; GRAPTEMYS FLAVIMACULATA; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; HABITAT; STREAM; ORIENTATION; VARIABILITY AB The homing ability of non-marine turtles has been studied in a variety of taxa, and many species appear to be capable of short-range homing on the scale of several hundred meters or a few kilometers following experimental displacement. However, the behavioral response of turtles following a naturally caused displacement has seldom been reported. In this paper, we describe the effect of displacement ranging from 1.4 to 16.8 km (average = 4.8 km) by severe floods in a stream system in Massachusetts. We radio-tracked 38 adult Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) at five separate sites in Franklin County, Massachusetts, for periods ranging from one to four activity seasons and documented the displacement of a total of 12 Wood Turtles during seven floods between 2004 and 2008. Based on the average rate of displacement per flood and annual flood frequency, we estimate that, during our study, floods displaced over 40% of this Wood Turtle subpopulation annually. We present evidence that displacement results in elevated mortality rates and that displaced Wood Turtles mate and nest in the year following displacement at rates well below average; on a longer time scale, however, displacement by flooding may be an important mechanism of population connectivity in some areas. We also present evidence that most Wood Turtles avoid stream segments with stream gradient steeper than 1%; this may in part reflect an adaptation to avoid severe floods. Regional models and empirical data from stream gages suggest that flood intensity may currently be on an increasing trend. Conversion of upland from forest and fields to impervious surfaces and hardening of upstream riverbanks may have exacerbated recent flooding and decreased the resiliency of the riparian system to increased precipitation. C1 [Jones, Michael T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Jones, Michael T.; Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jones, MT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Morrill Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mtjones@bio.umass.edu FU Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program; Sweet Water Trust; Turtle Conservation Project; Mirage Studios; University of Massachusetts Natural History Collections; A.V. Stout Fund FX This research was supported by grants from the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Sweet Water Trust, the Turtle Conservation Project, Mirage Studios, the University of Massachusetts Natural History Collections, and the A.V. Stout Fund. L. Willey, B. Compton, B. Crowley, Z. Dowling, B. Dunphy, S. Fowle, L. Johnson, C. Landrey, K. Lopardo, and D. Yorks provided excellent field support. This research was conducted under a permit from the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (permit 138.08SCRA). Our field methods were approved by the University of Massachusetts Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocols 24-02-01 and 27-02-02). L. L. Willey, B. Dunphy, and four anonymous reviewers provided very useful feedback. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 21 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 123 IS 4 BP 313 EP 322 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V17BD UT WOS:000207911800004 ER PT J AU Sovada, MA Woodward, RO Igl, LD AF Sovada, Marsha A. Woodward, Robert O. Igl, Lawrence D. TI Historical Range, Current Distribution, and Conservation Status of the Swift Fox, Vulpes velox, in North America SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Swift Fox; Vulpes velox; historical and current distribution; status; Great Plains ID ARCTIC FOXES; RED FOXES; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; NATIONAL-PARK; MONTANA; COYOTES; SURVIVAL; PRAIRIE; CANIDS AB The Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) was once common in the shortgrass and mixed-grass prairies of the Great Plains of North America. The species' abundance declined and its distribution retracted following European settlement of the plains. By the late 1800s, the species had been largely extirpated from the northern portion of its historical range, and its populations were acutely depleted elsewhere. Swift Fox populations have naturally recovered somewhat since the 1950s, but overall abundance and distribution remain below historical levels. In a 1995 assessment of the species' status under the US Endangered Species Act, the US Fish and Wildlife Service concluded that a designation of threatened or endangered was warranted, but the species was "precluded from listing by higher listing priorities." A major revelation of the 1995 assessment was the recognition that information useful for determining population status was limited. Fundamental information was missing, including an accurate estimate of the species' distribution before European settlement and an estimate of the species' current distribution and trends. The objectives of this paper are to fill those gaps in knowledge. Historical records were compiled and, in combination with knowledge of the habitat requirements of the species, the historical range of the Swift Fox is estimated to be approximately 1.5 million km(2). Using data collected between 2001 and 2006, the species' current distribution is estimated to be about 44% of its historical range in the United States and 3% in Canada. Under current land use, approximately 39% of the species' historical range contains grassland habitats with very good potential for Swift Fox occupation and another 10% supports grasslands with characteristics that are less preferred (e.g., a sparse shrub component or taller stature) but still suitable. Additionally, land use on at least 25% of the historical range supports dryland farming, which can be suitable for Swift Fox occupation. In the United States, approximately 52% of highest quality habitats currently available are occupied by Swift Foxes. C1 [Sovada, Marsha A.; Woodward, Robert O.; Igl, Lawrence D.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Sovada, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. OI Igl, Lawrence/0000-0003-0530-7266 NR 132 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 37 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 123 IS 4 BP 346 EP 367 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V17BD UT WOS:000207911800008 ER PT J AU Peterson, DP Ardren, WR AF Peterson, Douglas P. Ardren, William R. TI Ancestry, population structure, and conservation genetics of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the upper Missouri River, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PHYLOGEOGRAPHICAL LINEAGES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB We genotyped Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) at 10 microsatellite loci in 18 samples (n = 726) from Montana, Wyoming, and Saskatchewan to determine genetic relationships among native, captive, and naturalized populations in the upper Missouri River basin, to assess patterns in genetic diversity, and to infer recent demographic histories. Substantial genetic subdivision was observed among sample populations (global F(ST) = 0.10). Canadian populations have been isolated from Missouri River populations long enough for mutation to cause genetic differences between regions (mean pairwise F(ST) = 0.18, R(ST) = 0.54). Within the Missouri River basin, most naturalized lacustrine populations traced their ancestry to Red Rock lakes. Two populations in headwater lakes within the Big Hole River watershed appear to be native. We found neither evidence for introgression of Canadian-origin grayling nor any effect of hatchery stocking in native populations. The native fluvial Big Hole River group was genetically distinct and most diverse (H(E) = 0.89), whereas native Madison River and Red Rock lakes populations exhibited lower genetic diversity (H(E) = 0.74 and 0.80, respectively) and evidence of recent bottlenecks. The existing Big Hole and Red Rock populations are at low abundance but do not appear to be at immediate risk of inbreeding depression (N(e) = 207.7-228.2). C1 [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Program, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Peterson, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, 585 Shepard Way, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM Doug_Peterson@fws.gov FU USFWS Region 6; US Bureau of Reclamation FX The authors dedicate this manuscript to the memory of Rebecca J. Everett. D. Campton (US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)) provided a thoughtful literature review and synthesis that framed many of the questions addressed in this study. R. Leary (University of Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP)) provided a helpful review of the original study proposal. D. Campton and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. M. Diggs completed the study's laboratory work. Erik Olsen provided database support. USFWS Region 6 and the US Bureau of Reclamation provided funding. M. Wilson (USFWS) provided administrative guidance during project conception. US Forest Service, MFWP, and numerous volunteers helped collect Arctic grayling fin clips in Montana. A. Steed (Montana State University) contributed samples from Grebe Lake, Yellowstone National Park, and J. Merkowsky provided samples from northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada. The findings and conclusions in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 106 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1758 EP 1774 DI 10.1139/F09-113 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520HG UT WOS:000271832800011 ER PT J AU Schwarz, LK Runge, MC AF Schwarz, Lisa K. Runge, Michael C. TI Hierarchical Bayesian analysis to incorporate age uncertainty in growth curve analysis and estimates of age from length: Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) carcasses SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; MODEL; POPULATION; VALIDATION; PARAMETERS; PATTERNS; MAMMALS AB Age estimation of individuals is often an integral part of species management research, and a number of age-estimation techniques are commonly employed. Often, the error in these techniques is not quantified or accounted for in other analyses, particularly in growth curve models used to describe physiological responses to environment and human impacts. Also, noninvasive, quick, and inexpensive methods to estimate age are needed. This research aims to provide two Bayesian methods to (i) incorporate age uncertainty into an age-length Schnute growth model and (ii) produce a method from the growth model to estimate age from length. The methods are then employed for Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) carcasses. After quantifying the uncertainty in the aging technique (Counts of ear bone Growth layers), we fit age-length data to the Schnute growth model separately by sex and season. Independent prior information about population age structure and the results of the Schnute model are then combined to estimate age from length. Results describing the age-length relationship agree with Our understanding of manatee biology. The new methods allow LIS to estimate age, with quantified uncertainty, for 98% of collected carcasses: 36% from ear bones, 62% from length. C1 [Schwarz, Lisa K.] Montana State Univ, Environm Stat Grp, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Schwarz, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM schwarz@biology.ucsc.edu RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU Marine Mammal Commission; Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute FX Dr. Daniel Goodman read several drafts of this manuscript and gave statistical advice and computer software support. Ken Arrison maintained the Florida manatee necropsy data and provided us with the much-needed necropsy reports and updates of the carcass recovery database. The USGS Sirenia Project and Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute provided access to their mark-recapture database to cross-reference carcasses with known-age animals. Eric Archer and Shannon Rankin reviewed an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was funded by the Marine Mammal Commission and Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1775 EP 1789 DI 10.1139/F09-117 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520HG UT WOS:000271832800012 ER PT J AU Brown, RJ Severin, KP AF Brown, Randy J. Severin, Kenneth P. TI Otolith chemistry analyses indicate that water Sr:Ca is the primary factor influencing otolith Sr:Ca for freshwater and diadromous fish but not for marine fish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FLUVIAL GEOCHEMISTRY; RIVER SYSTEM; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; EASTERN SIBERIA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ELEMENTAL SIGNATURES; WEATHERING PROCESSES; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CALCIUM RATIOS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB Water chemistry is thought to be the primary factor influencing fish otolith chemistry. Experimental results with freshwater and diadromous fish have been consistent with this paradigm, but with marine fish, they have often been ambiguous or contradictory. A review of water chemistry data indicated that Sr:Ca (mmol:mol) levels were higher in marine water than in most freshwater systems and that Sr:Ca variability was lower in marine water than in most freshwater systems. We therefore hypothesized that lifetime otolith Sr:Ca profiles of freshwater fish would exhibit low levels of Sr:Ca with moderate variability, of diadromous fish Would exhibit highly variable Sr:Ca levels, and of marine fish would exhibit high levels of Sr:Ca with low variability. Otolith Sr:Ca profiles from 81 species of freshwater, diadromous, and marine fish revealed that freshwater fish had low levels of Sr:Ca and lower variability than expected relative to marine fish, diadromous fish had Sr:Ca levels and variability that were consistent with expectations, and marine fish had high maximum Sr:Ca levels, as expected, and high Sr:Ca variability, similar in magnitude to diadromous fish, which was not expected. These findings indicate that water Sr:Ca is the primary factor influencing otolith Sr:Ca variation for freshwater and diadromous fish but not for marine fish. C1 [Brown, Randy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Severin, Kenneth P.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Brown, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM randy_j_brown@fws.gov NR 88 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1790 EP 1808 DI 10.1139/F09-112 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520HG UT WOS:000271832800013 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Jenks, JA Klaver, RW Swanson, CC Jacques, CN Todey, D AF Grovenburg, T. W. Jenks, J. A. Klaver, R. W. Swanson, C. C. Jacques, C. N. Todey, D. TI Seasonal movements and home ranges of white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MIGRATION BEHAVIOR; FOOD-INTAKE; MULE DEER; DISPERSAL; WINTER; MINNESOTA; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; MICHIGAN; ILLINOIS AB Knowledge of movement patterns of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) inhabiting landscapes intensively modified by agricultural systems is important to the present and future understanding of deer ecology. Little information exists regarding daily and seasonal movements of white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota. Therefore, our goal was to determine movement patterns and home-range use of female white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota. From January 2005 to January 2007, 29 adult (>18 months) and 13 yearling (8-18 months) white-tailed deer were monitored for movement using radiotelemetry. We collected 2822 locations, calculated 76 home ranges, and documented 50 seasonal movements. Mean migration distance between summer and winter home ranges was 19.4 km (SE = 2.0 km). Mean 95% home-range size was 10.2 km(2) (SE = 1.2 km(2), n = 27) during winter and 9.2 km(2) (SE = 1.0 km(2), n = 49) during summer. Ambient temperature appeared to be a primary cause of seasonal migration. Additionally, movements exhibited by white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota were influenced by a highly fragmented landscape dominated by row crops and pasture or grassland. C1 [Grovenburg, T. W.; Jenks, J. A.; Swanson, C. C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Jacques, C. N.] Bur Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Todey, D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [W-75-R-145, 75124]; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at South Dakota State University; Joseph F. Nelson Graduate Scholarship Fund FX Our study was funded by Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration (Project W-75-R-145, No. 75124), administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at South Dakota State University, the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, and the Joseph F. Nelson Graduate Scholarship Fund. We thank T.J. Zimmerman for providing helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 10 BP 876 EP 885 DI 10.1139/Z09-076 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 517NT UT WOS:000271622500004 ER PT J AU Choi, J Usery, EL AF Choi, Jinmu Usery, E. Lynn TI A Prototype Feature System for Feature Retrieval Using Relationships SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Feature data model; feature database; feature-oriented GIS (FOGIS); non-spatial relationship; temporal relationship ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; DATA MODEL AB Using a feature data model, geographic phenomena can be represented effectively by integrating space, theme, and time. This paper extends and implements a feature data model that supports query and visualization of geographic features using their non-spatial and temporal relationships. A prototype feature-oriented geographic information system (FOGIS) is then developed and storage of features named Feature Database is designed. Buildings from the U.S. Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and subways in Chicago, Illinois are used to test the developed system. The results of the applications show the strength of the feature data model and the developed system 'FOGIS' when they utilize non-spatial and temporal relationships in order to retrieve and visualize individual features. C1 [Choi, Jinmu] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Usery, E. Lynn] USGS, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jc778@msstate.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC PI GAITHERSBURG PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA SN 1523-0406 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 331 EP 345 PG 15 WC Geography SC Geography GA 512SK UT WOS:000271270700003 ER PT J AU Guevara, SR Catan, SP Marvin-DiPasquale, M AF Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio Perez Catan, Soledad Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark TI Benthic methylmercury production in lacustrine ecosystems of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Patagonia, Argentina SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Mercury methylation; Hg-197 mercury tracer; Lake sediment; Nahuel Huapi National Park ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; MERCURY METHYLATION; NORTHERN PATAGONIA; HG METHYLATION; TROPICAL LAKE; HEAVY-METAL; SOILS; TRANSFORMATION; FRACTIONATION; RADIOTRACER AB Seasonal trends of benthic methylmercury (methyl-Hg) production were examined in both littoral and open water sites of three lakes (Escondido, Moreno, and Morenito) in the North Andean Patagonia region of Argentina. Potentials of methyl-Hg production were measured by amending sediment samples with inorganic Hg-197(II), incubating for either 24 and 32 h at room temperature, and subsequently assaying the radiolabelled organomercury produced. Seasonal variations of benthic methyl-Hg production were studied but no significant correlation was observed. Lake littoral sites exhibited up to two fold higher methyl-Hg production potentials in most cases. Sediment from lakes Moreno and Morenito generally exhibited much lower (up to 10 fold) methyl-Hg production potentials than those from Lake Escondido, possibly due to differences in particulate and dissolved organic matter quantity and quality, which is higher in Lake Escondido and primarily allochthonous, whereas in lakes Moreno and Morenito is primarily autochthonous. This study represents the first to directly examine benthic microbial Hg(II)-methylation in aquatic ecosystems of Patagonia. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio; Perez Catan, Soledad] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, Lab Anal Activac Neutron, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Guevara, SR (reprint author), Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, Lab Anal Activac Neutron, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM ribeiro@cab.cnea.gov.ar OI Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio/0000-0001-7203-7687 FU Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Argentina [PICT 13-13276] FX The authors thank Dr. Claudia Queimalinos, Dr. Christopher Conaway, and Dr. Mark Brigham for their valuable comments. and to the reactor RA-6 operation staff for their assistance in the tracer production. This work was funded by project PICT 13-13276, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Argentina. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2009 VL 77 IS 4 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.055 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514CI UT WOS:000271370900004 ER PT J AU Beever, EA AF Beever, Erik A. TI Ecological Silence of the Grasslands, Forests, Wetlands, Mountains, and Seas SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT PIKAS; NOISE RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ebeever10@gmail.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1322 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01225.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 494HJ UT WOS:000269802200035 PM 19765042 ER PT J AU Simon, JI Vazquez, JA Renne, PR Schmitt, AK Bacon, CR Reid, MR AF Simon, Justin I. Vazquez, Jorge A. Renne, Paul R. Schmitt, Axel K. Bacon, Charles R. Reid, Mary R. TI Accessory mineral U-Th-Pb ages and Ar-40/Ar-39 eruption chronology, and their bearing on rhyolitic magma evolution in the Pleistocene Coso volcanic field, California SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Coso volcanic field; Magma time scales; Rhyolite; Ar/Ar dating; U-Th-Pb dating; Zircon and allanite ID HIGH-SILICA RHYOLITES; LONG-VALLEY; BISHOP-TUFF; RESIDENCE TIMES; CRYSTALLIZATION HISTORY; COMPOSITIONAL ZONATION; INYO-COUNTY; K-AR; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA AB We determined Ar/Ar eruption ages of eight extrusions from the Pleistocene Coso volcanic field, a long-lived series of small volume rhyolitic domes in eastern California. Combined with ion-microprobe dating of crystal ages of zircon and allanite from these lavas and from granophyre geothermal well cuttings, we were able to track the range of magma-production rates over the past 650 ka at Coso. In <= 230 ka rhyolites we find no evidence of protracted magma residence or recycled zircon (or allanite) from Pleistocene predecessors. A significant subset of zircon in the similar to 85 ka rhyolites yielded ages between similar to 100 and 200 Ma, requiring that generation of at least some rhyolites involves material from Mesozoic basement. Similar zircon xenocrysts are found in an similar to 200 ka granophyre. The new age constraints imply that magma evolution at Coso can occur rapidly as demonstrated by significant changes in rhyolite composition over short time intervals (<= 10's to 100's ka). In conjunction with radioisotopic age constraints from other young silicic volcanic fields, dating of Coso rhyolites highlights the fact that at least some (and often the more voluminous) rhyolites are produced relatively rapidly, but that many small-volume rhyolites likely represent separation from long-lived mushy magma bodies. C1 [Simon, Justin I.; Renne, Paul R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley & Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vazquez, Jorge A.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Schmitt, Axel K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bacon, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reid, Mary R.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Simon, JI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley & Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM simon@eps.berkeley.edu RI Schmitt, Axel/A-1279-2010; Simon, Justin/D-7015-2011; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 FU Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation; National Science Foundation [EAR0003601, EAR0538309] FX Thoughtful reviews by J. Miller and C. Miller are gratefully acknowledged. Internal reviews by J. Lowenstern and A. Calvert are also much appreciated. We thank W. Amidon, K. Farley, and F. Monastero for their assistance in collecting samples of dome 5 and dome 28 (Devils Kitchen); F. Monastero for facilitated collection of the remaining domes; W. Amidon and J. Pain for help in sample preparation; J. Moore for providing the granophyre drill cuttings from well 46A-19RD; and T. Becker for laboratory assistance. Discussions with J. Dufek and L. P. Creyts helped clarify interpretations. The ion microprobe facility at the University of California, Los Angeles is partly supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation. This work and the 40 Ar/39 Ar geochronology facility at the Berkeley Geochronology Center are partly supported by the Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation and by National Science Foundation grants EAR0003601 and EAR0538309 to MRR. NR 102 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 158 IS 4 BP 421 EP 446 DI 10.1007/s00410-009-0390-9 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 488TG UT WOS:000269372400001 ER PT J AU Powell, DB Palm, RC MacKenzie, AP Winton, JR AF Powell, David B. Palm, Roger C., Jr. MacKenzie, Alan P. Winton, James R. TI Extremophile extracts and enhancement techniques show promise for the development of a live vaccine against Flavobacterium columnare SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryopreservation; Lyophilization; Bacteria; Flavobacterium; Cryoprotectant ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FAMILY FLAVOBACTERIACEAE; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; INFECTION; PROTEINS; BACTERIA; TROUT; FISH; IRON; NOV AB The effects of temperature, ionic strength, and new cryopreservatives derived from polar ice bacteria were investigated to help accelerate the development of economical, live attenuated vaccines for aquaculture. Extracts of the extremophile Gelidibacter algens functioned very well as part of a lyophilization cryoprotectant formulation in a 15-week storage trial. The bacterial extract and trehalose additives resulted in significantly higher colony counts of columnaris bacteria (Flavobacterium columnare) compared to nonfat milk or physiological saline at all time points measured. The bacterial extract combined with trehalose appeared to enhance the relative efficiency of recovery and growth potential of columnaris in flask culture compared to saline, nonfat milk, or trehalose-only controls. Pre-lyophilization temperature treatments significantly affected F. columnare survival following rehydration. A 30-min exposure at 0 degrees C resulted in a 10-fold increase in bacterial survival following rehydration compared to mid-range temperature treatments. The brief 30 and 35 degrees C pre-lyophilization exposures appeared to be detrimental to the rehydration survival of the bacteria. The survival of F. columnare through the lyophilization process was also strongly affected by changes in ionic strength of the bacterial suspension. Changes in rehydration constituents were also found to be important in promoting increased survival and growth. As the sodium chloride concentration increased, the viability of rehydrated F. columnare decreased. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Powell, David B.; Palm, Roger C., Jr.] ProFishent Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Powell, DB (reprint author), ProFishent Inc, 17806 NE 26th St, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM davidp@profishent.com FU Department of Commerce FX This work was supported by a grant from the Department of Commerce. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.06.006 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 495BL UT WOS:000269864100006 PM 19538952 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Rubin, DM Ruggiero, P Harney, JN Draut, AE Buscombe, D AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Rubin, David M. Ruggiero, Peter Harney, Jodi N. Draut, Amy E. Buscombe, Daniel TI Cobble cam: grain-size measurements of sand to boulder from digital photographs and autocorrelation analyses SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE sediment; autocorrelation; grain-size analysis; Elwha River; beach ID SEDIMENT; GRAVEL; IMAGES; INFORMATION; SURFACES AB A new application of the autocorrelation grain size analysis technique for mixed to coarse sediment settings has been investigated. Photographs of sand- to boulder-sized sediment along the Elwha River delta beach were taken from approximately 1.2 m above the ground surface, and detailed grain size measurements were made from 32 of these sites for calibration and validation. Digital photographs were found to provide accurate estimates of the long and intermediate axes of the surface sediment (r(2) > 0.98), but poor estimates of the short axes (r(2) = 0.68), suggesting that these short axes were naturally oriented in the vertical dimension. The autocorrelation method was successfully applied resulting in total irreducible error of 14% over a range of mean grain sizes of 1 to 200 mm. Compared with reported edge and object-detection results, it is noted that the autocorrelation method presented here has lower error and can be applied to a much broader range of mean grain sizes without altering the physical set-up of the camera (similar to 200-fold versus similar to 6-fold). The approach is considerably less sensitive to lighting conditions than object-detection methods, although autocorrelation estimates do improve when measures are taken to shade sediments from direct sunlight. The effects of wet and dry conditions are also evaluated and discussed. The technique provides an estimate of grain size sorting from the easily calculated autocorrelation standard error, which is correlated with the graphical standard deviation at an r(2) of 0.69. The technique is transferable to other sites when calibrated with linear corrections based on photo-based measurements, as shown by excellent grain-size analysis results (r(2) = 0.97, irreducible error = 16%) from samples from the mixed grain size beaches of Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Thus, a method has been developed to measure mean grain size and sorting properties of coarse sediments. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; Rubin, David M.; Draut, Amy E.; Buscombe, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harney, Jodi N.] Coastal & Ocean Resources Inc, Sidney, BC, Canada. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460; Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; USGS Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) program FX We would like to thank the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe for access to the Elwha River delta and for their support of this research. Field assistance was provided by Doug George, Katie Farnsworth, Andrew Stevens and Guy Gelfenbaum. Computer coding assistance was provided by Erin Todd and Josh Logan. Sarah McNaboe, Melinda Garvey and Liron Friedman assisted with digital grain-size counts and analyses. Bruce Richmond and Eric Grossman provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Two anonymous reviewers and the editors of ESPL helped shape this final version of the paper. The use and description of specific equipment, software, and/or brand names in this paper does not in any way imply an endorsement by the US Geological Survey or the US Department of Interior. This work was funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the USGS Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) program. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 34 IS 13 BP 1811 EP 1821 DI 10.1002/esp.1877 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 517KW UT WOS:000271613500007 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, CE Willard, DA AF Bernhardt, Christopher E. Willard, Debra A. TI Response of the Everglades ridge and slough landscape to climate variability and 20th-century water management SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate variability; Everglades; Florida, USA; late Holocene; paleoecology; pollen; wetlands ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; DROUGHT FREQUENCY; PLANT COMMUNITY; SOUTH FLORIDA; UNITED-STATES; ICE-AGE; RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION AB The ridge and slough landscape of the Florida Everglades consists of a mosaic of linear sawgrass ridges separated by deeper-water sloughs with tree islands interspersed throughout the landscape. We used pollen assemblages from transects of sediment cores spanning sawgrass ridges, sloughs, and ridge-slough transition zones to determine the timing of ridge and slough formation and to evaluate the response of components of the ridge and slough landscape to climate variability and 20th-century water management. These pollen data indicate that sawgrass ridges and sloughs have been vegetationally distinct from one another since initiation of the Everglades wetland in mid-Holocene time. Although the position and community composition of sloughs have remained relatively stable throughout their history, modern sawgrass ridges formed on sites that originally were occupied by marshes. Ridge formation and maturation were initiated during intervals of drier climate (the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age) when the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone shifted southward. During these drier intervals, marsh taxa were more common in sloughs, but they quickly receded when precipitation increased. Comparison with regional climate records suggests that slough vegetation is strongly influenced by North Atlantic Oscillation variability, even under 20th-century water management practices. C1 [Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Willard, Debra A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bernhardt, Christopher E.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bernhardt, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cbernhardt@usgs.gov FU USGS South Florida Priority Ecosystem Studies; South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD); Christopher McVoy (SFWMD) FX This research was supported by the USGS South Florida Priority Ecosystem Studies Program. We are extremely grateful to the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) for providing helicopter access to isolated sites. Christopher McVoy (SFWMD) provided key guidance in site selection as well as field assistance. We particularly acknowledge Chuck Holmes and Marci Marot (USGS, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA) for conducting 210Pb analyses used to develop age models. We thank Thomas Sheehan, Bryan Landacre, David Korejwo, and Andrew Lavenburg for assistance with field and laboratory work. Benjamin Horton, Thomas Cronin, Marci Robinson, Laurel Larsen, and an anonymous reviewer provided invaluable comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 70 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1723 EP 1738 DI 10.1890/08-0779.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496BH UT WOS:000269942500005 PM 19831066 ER PT J AU Efford, MG Dawson, DK Borchers, DL AF Efford, Murray G. Dawson, Deanna K. Borchers, David L. TI Population density estimated from locations of individuals on a passive detector array SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic census methods; area search; camera trap; fecal DNA; maximum likelihood; microphone array; passive detector array; population density; proximity detector; signal strength; spatially explicit capture-recapture ID HIERARCHICAL MODEL; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE AB The density of a closed population of animals occupying stable home ranges may be estimated from detections of individuals on an array of detectors, using newly developed methods for spatially explicit capture-recapture. Likelihood-based methods provide estimates for data from multi-catch traps or from devices that record presence without restricting animal movement ("proximity" detectors such as camera traps and hair snags). As originally proposed, these methods require multiple sampling intervals. We show that equally precise and unbiased estimates may be obtained from a single sampling interval, using only the spatial pattern of detections. This considerably extends the range of possible applications, and we illustrate the potential by estimating density from simulated detections of bird vocalizations on a microphone array. Acoustic detection can be defined as occurring when received signal strength exceeds a threshold. We suggest detection models for binary acoustic data, and for continuous data comprising measurements of all signals above the threshold. While binary data are often sufficient for density estimation, modeling signal strength improves precision when the microphone array is small. C1 [Efford, Murray G.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Dawson, Deanna K.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Borchers, David L.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Efford, MG (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Zool, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM murray.efford@otago.ac.nz NR 16 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 2676 EP 2682 DI 10.1890/08-1735.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500CH UT WOS:000270274200004 PM 19886477 ER PT J AU Sierra, CA Loescher, HW Harmon, ME Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY Perakis, SS AF Sierra, Carlos A. Loescher, Henry W. Harmon, Mark E. Richardson, Andrew D. Hollinger, David Y. Perakis, Steven S. TI Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: the role of forest dynamics and climate SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; carbon sources and sinks; climate variability; ecosystem carbon fluxes; ecosystem modeling; forest dynamics; hypothesis testing; old-growth forests; STANDCARB ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL FORESTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EXCHANGE; DIOXIDE; TERM; ECOSYSTEMS; BALANCE; BOREAL AB Interannual variation of carbon fluxes can be attributed to a number of biotic and abiotic controls that operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Type and frequency of disturbance, forest dynamics, and climate regimes are important sources of variability. Assessing the variability of carbon fluxes from these specific sources can enhance the interpretation of past and current observations. Being able to separate the variability caused by forest dynamics from that induced by climate will also give us the ability to determine if the current observed carbon fluxes are within an expected range or whether the ecosystem is undergoing unexpected change. Sources of interannual variation in ecosystem carbon fluxes from three evergreen ecosystems, a tropical, a temperate coniferous, and a boreal forest, were explored using the simulation model STANDCARB. We identified key processes that introduced variation in annual fluxes, but their relative importance differed among the ecosystems studied. In the tropical site, intrinsic forest dynamics contributed similar to 30% of the total variation in annual carbon fluxes. In the temperate and boreal sites, where many forest processes occur over longer temporal scales than those at the tropical site, climate controlled more of the variation among annual fluxes. These results suggest that climate-related variability affects the rates of carbon exchange differently among sites. Simulations in which temperature, precipitation, and radiation varied from year to year (based on historical records of climate variation) had less net carbon stores than simulations in which these variables were held constant (based on historical records of monthly average climate), a result caused by the functional relationship between temperature and respiration. This suggests that, under a more variable temperature regime, large respiratory pulses may become more frequent and high enough to cause a reduction in ecosystem carbon stores. Our results also show that the variation of annual carbon fluxes poses an important challenge in our ability to determine whether an ecosystem is a source, a sink, or is neutral in regard to CO2 at longer timescales. In simulations where climate change negatively affected ecosystem carbon stores, there was a 20% chance of committing Type II error, even with 20 years of sequential data. C1 [Sierra, Carlos A.; Loescher, Henry W.; Harmon, Mark E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Loescher, Henry W.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Sci Off, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sierra, CA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM carlos.sierra@oregonstate.edu RI Sierra, Carlos/A-5694-2009; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 OI Sierra, Carlos/0000-0003-0009-4169; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; FU Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE 06ER64307]; Interagency Agreement [DE-AI02-07ER64355]; National Institute for Climatic Change Research; Kay and Ward Richardson Endowment; U. S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE 06ER64307, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64355 and through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research, the Kay and Ward Richardson Endowment, and the U. S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program. The authors thank S. Luyssaert for data access, E. A. Thomann for mathematical advice, E. A. Davidson for comments on modeling soil carbon stores at the Howland site, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science, for logistical support, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 2711 EP 2723 DI 10.1890/08-0073.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500CH UT WOS:000270274200008 PM 19886481 ER PT J AU Belote, RT Sanders, NJ Jones, RH AF Belote, R. Travis Sanders, Nathan J. Jones, Robert H. TI Disturbance alters local-regional richness relationships in Appalachian forests SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Appalachian Mountains; disturbance; forest management; local-regional richness relationships; spatial scale; species richness; succession ID SPECIES RICHNESS; DIVERSITY; SATURATION; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS AB Whether biological diversity within communities is limited by local interactions or regional species pools remains an important question in ecology. In this paper, we investigate how an experimentally applied tree-harvesting disturbance gradient influenced local-regional richness relationships. Plant species richness was measured at three spatial scales (2 ha regional; 576 m(2) and 1 m(2) = local) on three occasions (one year pre-disturbance, one year post-disturbance, and 10 years post-disturbance) across five disturbance treatments (uncut control through clearcut) replicated throughout the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. We investigated whether species richness in 576-m(2) plots and 1-m(2) subplots depended on species richness in 2-ha experimental units and whether this relationship changed through time before and after canopy disturbance. We found that, before disturbance, the relationship between local and regional richness was weak or nonexistent. One year after disturbance local richness was a positive function of regional richness, because local sites were colonized from the regional species pool. Ten years after disturbance, the positive relationship persisted, but the slope had decreased by half. These results suggest that disturbance can set the stage for strong influences of regional species pools on local community assembly in temperate forests. However, as time since disturbance increases, local controls on community assembly decouple the relationships between regional and local diversity. C1 [Belote, R. Travis; Jones, Robert H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sanders, Nathan J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Belote, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM rtbelote@vt.edu RI Sanders, Nathan/A-6945-2009 OI Sanders, Nathan/0000-0001-6220-6731 FU USDA-NRI [2005-35101-15363] FX David Wm. Smith and Shep Zedaker initiated the project and directed experimental design and initial data collection. David Loftis provided funding for project initiation through the USFS Ecosystem Management Program. David Wm. Smith and Carola Haas expanded the study under USDA-NRI grant # 9503196. Eric Sokol, Tom Wieboldt, Tom Fox, and Erik Nilsen provided guidance throughout experimental setup, data collection, or manuscript preparation. Aaron Teets, Anna Morkeski, Sharon Hood, Bryan Wender, Meral Jackson, and others helped collect data. USDA-NRI grant # 2005-35101-15363 funded data analysis and manuscript preparation. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 2940 EP 2947 DI 10.1890/08-1908.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500CH UT WOS:000270274200029 PM 19886502 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA AF Rattner, Barnett A. TI History of wildlife toxicology SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Wildlife Toxicology Workshop CY MAR 13-15, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE History; Environmental contaminants; Pollution; Wildlife ID SUBSTITUTE SHOT TYPES; ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY; FISH-EATING BIRDS; RELATIVE TOXICITY; REPRODUCTION; LAKES; LEAD; DDT; IMPAIRMENT; REPELLENCY AB The field of wildlife toxicology can be traced to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Initial reports included unintentional poisoning of birds from ingestion of spent lead shot and predator control agents, alkali poisoning of waterbirds, and die-offs from maritime oil spills. With the advent of synthetic pesticides in the 1930s and 1940s, effects of DDT and other pesticides were investigated in free-ranging and captive wildlife. In response to research findings in the US and UK, and the publication of Silent Spring in 1962, public debate on the hazards of pollutants arose and national contaminant monitoring programs were initiated. Shortly thereafter, population-level effects of DDT on raptorial and fish-eating birds were documented, and effects on other species (e.g., bats) were suspected. Realization of the global nature of organochlorine pesticide contamination, and the discovery of PCBs in environmental samples, launched long-range studies in birds and mammals. With the birth of ecotoxicology in 1969 and the establishment of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 1979, an international infrastructure began to emerge. In the 1980s, heavy metal pollution related to mining and smelting, agrichemical practices and non-target effects, selenium toxicosis, and disasters such as Chernobyl and the Exxon Valdez dominated the field. Biomarker development, endocrine disruption, population modeling, and studies with amphibians and reptiles were major issues of the 1990s. With the turn of the century, there was interest in new and emerging compounds (pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, surfactants), and potential population-level effects of some compounds. Based upon its history, wildlife toxicology is driven by chemical use and misuse, ecological disasters, and pollution-related events affecting humans. Current challenges include the need to more thoroughly estimate and predict exposure and effects of chemical-related anthropogenic activities on wildlife and their supporting habitat. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Barnett_Rattner@usgs.gov RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 105 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 123 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 773 EP 783 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0354-x PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 488AC UT WOS:000269319900001 PM 19533341 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Kaiser, JL Grove, RA Johnson, BL Letcher, RJ AF Henny, Charles J. Kaiser, James L. Grove, Robert A. Johnson, Branden L. Letcher, Robert J. TI Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in eggs may reduce reproductive success of ospreys in Oregon and Washington, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Washington; Oregon; Productivity; Double-crested cormorant ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; HERRING GULL EGGS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; COLUMBIA RIVER; BIRDS; ENVIRONMENT AB Spatial and temporal assessments and reports of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants in birds remain sparse. In the present study, PBDEs were detected in all 120 osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs collected. The eggs were collected from nests along the Columbia, Willamette and Yakima rivers of Oregon (OR) and Washington (WA) and in Puget Sound (WA) between 2002 and 2007. PBDE congeners: 17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 85, 99, 100, 138, 153, 154 (possible coelution with brominated biphenyl 153 [BB153]), 183, 190 (detected in one egg), 209 (not detected), and BB101 (only detected in 2006 and 2007) and total-alpha-hexabromocyclododecane (only detected in five eggs) were analyzed for in the egg samples. Eggs from reservoirs in the forested headwaters of the Willamette River (2002) contained the lowest concentrations of I PBDEs pound (geometric mean [range], 98 [55.2-275] ng/g wet weight [ww]), while those from the middle Willamette River (2006) contained the highest (897 [507-1,880] ng/g ww). Concentrations in eggs from the Columbia River progressively increased downstream from Umatilla, OR (River Mile [RM] 286) to Skamokoa, WA (RM 29), which indicated additive PBDE sources along the river. In general, regardless of the year of egg collection, differences in PBDE concentrations reported in osprey eggs along the three major rivers studied (Columbia, Willamette and Yakima) seem to reflect differences in river flow (dilution effect) and the extent of human population and industry (source inputs) along the rivers. PBDE concentrations increased over time at two locations (Seattle, WA; Columbia River, RM 29-84) where temporal patterns could be evaluated. Only during 2006 (on the middle Willamette River, RM 61-157) and 2007 (on the lower Columbia River, RM 29-84) did I PBDE pound concentrations in osprey eggs exceed 1,000 ng/g ww with negative relationships indicated at both locations between productivity and I PBDE pound concentrations in eggs (P = 0.008, P = 0.057). Osprey eggs from Everett, WA contained nearly twice the I PBDE pound concentration (geometric mean 239 vs. 141 ng/g ww, range 124-384 vs. 22.2-819 ng/g ww, P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05) as double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs collected at the same location and time, which is likely due to dietary differences. No significant relationship (all Ps > 0.147) was indicated between PBDE congeners (including I PBDEs) pound and eggshell thickness at the concentrations observed in this study. C1 [Henny, Charles J.; Kaiser, James L.; Grove, Robert A.; Johnson, Branden L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_j_henny@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX We thank B. Rattner and G. Heinz for providing comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Lewis Gauthier, Andrei Lezau and Soheila Shahmiri ( NWRC, Ottawa) are also thanked for PBDE analysis. The study was funded by US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 802 EP 813 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0323-4 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 488AC UT WOS:000269319900004 PM 19513829 ER PT J AU Scoppettone, GG Goodchild, S AF Scoppettone, G. Gary Goodchild, Shawn TI Threatened fishes of the world: Moapa coriacea Hubbs and Miller, 1948 (Cyprinidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article ID MUDDY RIVER; NEVADA C1 [Scoppettone, G. Gary] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Goodchild, Shawn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. RP Scoppettone, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM gary_scoppettone@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 339 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9524-1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 509NY UT WOS:000271025900013 ER PT J AU Zhao, CY Zhang, Q Ding, XL Lu, Z Yang, CS Qi, XM AF Zhao, C. Y. Zhang, Q. Ding, X. L. Lu, Z. Yang, C. S. Qi, X. M. TI Monitoring of land subsidence and ground fissures in Xian, China 2005-2006: mapped by SAR interferometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Land subsidence; Ground fissure; SAR interferometry (InSAR); Monitoring ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SURFACE; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; VOLCANO AB The City of Xian, China, has been experiencing significant land subsidence and ground fissure activities since 1960s, which have brought various severe geohazards including damages to buildings, bridges and other facilities. Monitoring of land subsidence and ground fissure activities can provide useful information for assessing the extent of, and mitigating such geohazards. In order to achieve robust Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) results, six interferometric pairs of Envisat ASAR data covering 2005-2006 are collected to analyze the InSAR processing errors firstly, such as temporal and spatial decorrelation error, external DEM error, atmospheric error and unwrapping error. Then the annual subsidence rate during 2005-2006 is calculated by weighted averaging two pairs of D-InSAR results with similar time spanning. Lastly, GPS measurements are applied to calibrate the InSAR results and centimeter precision is achieved. As for the ground fissure monitoring, five InSAR cross-sections are designed to demonstrate the relative subsidence difference across ground fissures. In conclusion, the final InSAR subsidence map during 2005-2006 shows four large subsidence zones in Xian hi-tech zones in western, eastern and southern suburbs of Xian City, among which two subsidence cones are newly detected and two ground fissures are deduced to be extended westward in Yuhuazhai subsidence cone. This study shows that the land subsidence and ground fissures are highly correlated spatially and temporally and both are correlated with hi-tech zone construction in Xian during the year of 2005-2006. C1 [Zhao, C. Y.; Zhang, Q.; Yang, C. S.; Qi, X. M.] Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Ding, X. L.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geo Informat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Zhao, CY (reprint author), Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM zhaochaoying@163.com RI Ding, Xiaoli/K-4596-2013 OI Ding, Xiaoli/0000-0002-5733-3629 FU Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [40672173, 40802075]; Ministry of Land & Resources, China [1212010440410] FX Envisat ASAR data are provided by ESA Category I and this research is funded by two general projects of the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (project No: 40672173 and 40802075) and one key project of the Ministry of Land & Resources, China (project No: 1212010440410), and above all special thanks to the reviewer of this paper for his helpful comments. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1533 EP 1540 DI 10.1007/s00254-008-1654-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 500LG UT WOS:000270302100014 ER PT J AU Bryant, WL Goodbred, SL AF Bryant, Wade L., Jr. Goodbred, Steven L. TI The response of hydrophobic organics and potential toxicity in streams to urbanization of watersheds in six metropolitan areas of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Semipermeable membrane devices; Hydrophobics; P450RGS; Microtox (R); Urbanization ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; MUSK FRAGRANCES; WASTE-WATER; URBAN; CONTAMINANTS; FISH; POLLUTANTS AB Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in streams along a gradient of urban land-use intensity in and around six metropolitan areas: Atlanta, Georgia; Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina; and Denver-Fort Collins, Colorado, in 2003; and Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; and Portland, Oregon, in 2004 to examine relations between percent urban land cover in watersheds and the occurrence, concentrations, and potential toxicity of hydrophobic compounds. Of the 142 endpoints measured in SPMD dialysates, 30 were significantly (alpha = 0.05) related to the percent of urban land cover in the watersheds in at least one metropolitan area. These 30 endpoints included the aggregated measures of the total number of compounds detected and relative toxicity (MicrotoxA (R) and P450RGS assays), in addition to the concentrations of 27 individual hydrophobic compounds. The number of compounds detected, P450RGS assay values, and the concentrations of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were significantly related to percent urban land cover in all six metropolitan areas. Pentachloroanisole, the most frequently detected compound, was significantly related to urban land cover in all metropolitan areas except Dallas-Fort Worth. Petrogenic PAHs and dibenzofurans were positively related to percent urban land cover in Atlanta, Raleigh-Durham, Denver, and Milwaukee-Green Bay. Results for other endpoints were much more variable. The number of endpoints significantly related to urban land cover ranged from 6 in Portland to 21 Raleigh-Durham. Based on differences in the number and suite of endpoints related to urban intensity, these results provide evidence of differences in factors governing source strength, transport, and/or fate of hydrophobic compounds in the six metropolitan areas studied. The most consistent and significant results were that bioavailable, aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists increase in streams as basins become urbanized. Potential toxicity mediated by this metabolic pathway is indicated as an important factor in the response of aquatic biota to urbanization. C1 [Bryant, Wade L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. [Goodbred, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Bryant, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3850 Holcomb Bridge Rd, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. EM wbbryant@usgs.gov; goodbred@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 419 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0546-5 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 495IH UT WOS:000269883900037 PM 18946720 ER PT J AU Taylor, KA Short, A AF Taylor, Kim A. Short, Anne TI Integrating scientific knowledge into large-scale restoration programs: the CALFED Bay-Delta Program experience SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE Science and decision-making; Shared knowledge; Environmental resource management; CALFED ID DECISION-MAKING; SCIENCE; POLICY; ECOLOGY AB Integrating science into resource management activities is a goal of the CALFED Bay-Delta Program, a multi-agency effort to address water supply reliability, ecological condition, drinking water quality, and levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of northern California. Under CALFED, many different strategies were used to integrate science, including interaction between the research and management communities, public dialogues about scientific work, and peer review. This paper explores ways science was (and was not) integrated into CALFED's management actions and decision systems through three narratives describing different patterns of scientific integration and application in CALFED. Though a collaborative process and certain organizational conditions may be necessary for developing new understandings of the system of interest, we find that those factors are not sufficient for translating that knowledge into management actions and decision systems. We suggest that the application of knowledge may be facilitated or hindered by (1) differences in the objectives, approaches, and cultures of scientists operating in the research community and those operating in the management community and (2) other factors external to the collaborative process and organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Taylor, Kim A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Short, Anne] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Taylor, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ktaylor@usgs.gov RI Short, Anne/C-9713-2013 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX The authors wish to thank the host of scientists, agency managers, and stakeholders who engaged in discussions about a CALFED Science Program between 1999 and 2004; as well as two anonymous reviewers and the editors of this special issue for insightful comments. Anne Short was funded by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD OCT PY 2009 VL 12 IS 6 BP 674 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2009.07.001 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 513YN UT WOS:000271360200005 ER PT J AU Stetson, SJ Gray, JE Wanty, RB Macalady, DL AF Stetson, Sarah J. Gray, John E. Wanty, Richard B. Macalady, Donald L. TI Isotopic Variability of Mercury in Ore, Mine-Waste Calcine, and Leachates of Mine-Waste Calcine from Areas Mined for Mercury SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; FRACTIONATION; SPECIATION; USA; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; TAILINGS AB The isotopic composition of mercury (Hg) was determined in cinnabar ore, mine-waste calcine (retorted ore), and leachates obtained from water leaching experiments of calcine from two large Hg mining districts in the U.S. This study is the first to report significant mass-dependent Hg isotopic fractionation between cinnabar ore and resultant calcine. Data indicate that delta(202)Hg values relative to NIST 3133 of calcine (up to 1.52 parts per thousand) in the Terlingua district, Texas, are as much as 3.24 parts per thousand heavier than cinnabar (-1.72 parts per thousand) prior to retorting. In addition, delta(202)Hg values obtained from leachates of Terlingua district calcines are isotopically similar to, or as much as 1.17 parts per thousand heavier than associated calcines, most likely due to leaching of soluble, byproduct Hg compounds formed during ore retorting that are a minor component in the calcines. As a result of the large fractionation found between cinnabar and calcine, and because calcine is the dominant source of Hg contamination from the mines studied, delta(202)Hg values of calcine may be more environmentally important in these mined areas than the primary cinnabar ore. Measurement of the Hg isotopic composition of calcine is necessary when using Hg isotopes for tracing Hg sources from areas mined for Hg, especially mine water runoff. C1 [Stetson, Sarah J.; Macalady, Donald L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gray, John E.; Wanty, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Stetson, SJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sstetson@mines.edu OI Stetson, Sarah/0000-0002-4930-4748 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources and Energy Resources FX We are grateful to the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources and Energy Resources Programs for their support of this project. We also thank Bruce Geller and Ed Raines of the Colorado School of Mines Geology Museum and Heather Lowers of the U.S. Geological Survey for supplying Hg mineral samples for isotopic analysis. The review comments of Ian Ridley and Jim Crock (USGS, Denver) were helpful in the preparation of this paper as were suggestions from three reviewers for ES&T. The research described in this paper has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Greater Research Op- portunities (GRO) Graduate Program. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. The use of brand or trade narnes in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 50 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 19 BP 7331 EP 7336 DI 10.1021/es9006993 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 498JT UT WOS:000270136500030 PM 19848142 ER PT J AU Gao, XD Metge, DW Ray, C Harvey, RW Chorover, J AF Gao, Xiaodong Metge, David W. Ray, Chittaranjan Harvey, Ronald W. Chorover, Jon TI Surface Complexation of Carboxylate Adheres Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts to the Hematite-Water Interface SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATR-FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH; MINERAL/WATER INTERFACES; ORGANIC-MATTER; SAND SURFACES; POROUS-MEDIA; ADSORPTION; ADHESION; COATINGS AB The interaction of viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts at the hematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3))-water interface was examined over a wide range in solution chemistry using in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Spectra for hematite-sorbed oocysts; showed distinct changes in carboxylate group vibrations relative to spectra obtained in the absence of hematite, indicative of direct chemical bonding between carboxylate groups and Fe metal centers of the hematite surface. The data also indicate that complexation modes very with solution chemistry. In NaCl solution, oocysts are bound to hematite via monodentate and binuclear bidentate complexes. The former predominates at low pH, whereas the latter becomes increasingly prevalent with increasing pH. In a CaCl(2) solution, only binuclear bidentate complexes are observed. When solution pH is above the point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) of hematite, oocyst surface carboxylate groups are bound to the mineral surface via outer-sphere complexes in both electrolyte solutions. C1 [Gao, Xiaodong; Chorover, Jon] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Metge, David W.; Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chorover, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM chorover@cals.arizona.edu RI Gao, Xiaodong/C-5291-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Gao, Xiaodong/0000-0001-8568-0030; Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Research Initiative, Water and Watersheds Program [2006-35102-17192] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative, Water and Watersheds Program (Grant 2006-35102-17192). Portions of this research were carried Out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a National User Facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 19 BP 7423 EP 7429 DI 10.1021/es901346z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 498JT UT WOS:000270136500044 PM 19848156 ER PT J AU David, N McKee, LJ Black, FJ Flegal, AR Conaway, CH Schoellhamer, DH Ganju, NK AF David, Nicole McKee, Lester J. Black, Frank J. Flegal, A. Russell Conaway, Christopher H. Schoellhamer, David H. Ganju, Neil K. TI MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADS IN A LARGE RIVER SYSTEM TRIBUTARY TO SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Loads; Sacramento River; Mercury; San Francisco Bay ID UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; INORGANIC MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; WATER; SPECIATION; METHYLMERCURY; ESTUARY; SACRAMENTO AB In order to estimate total mercury (Hg(T)) loads entering San Francisco Bay, USA, via the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system, unfiltered water samples were collected between January 2002 and January 2006 during high flow events and analyzed for Hg(T). Unfiltered Hg(T) concentrations ranged from 3.2 to 75 ng/L and showed a strong correlation (r(2) = 0.8, p < 0.001, n = 78) to suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). During infrequent large floods, Hg(T) concentrations relative to SSC were approximately twice as high as observed during smaller floods. This difference indicates the transport of more Hg-contaminated particles during high discharge events. Daily Hg(T) loads in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River at Mallard Island ranged from below the limit of detection to 35 kg. Annual Hg(T) loads varied from 61 +/- 22 kg (n = 5) in water year (WY) 2002 to 470 +/- 170 kg (n = 25) in WY 2006. The data collected will assist in understanding the long-term recovery of San Francisco Bay from Hg contamination and in implementing the Hg total maximum daily load, the long-term cleanup plan for Hg in the Bay. C1 [David, Nicole; McKee, Lester J.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. [Black, Frank J.; Flegal, A. Russell; Conaway, Christopher H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schoellhamer, David H.; Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP David, N (reprint author), San Francisco Estuary Inst, 7770 Pardee Lane, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. EM nicoled@sfei.org RI Conaway, Christopher/I-1077-2012; Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU San Francisco Bay Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) FX The authors thank Steve Bauman and the Mirant staff. The fieldwork component of this project required dedication by the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) and San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) field staff. In particular we are indebted to A. Luengen, S. Hibdon, G. Scelfo, M. Gilmore, E. Grabowski, S. Squire, M. Ranville, and A. Gonzalez from UCSC. We also thank SFEI staff J. Leatherbarrow, J. Davis, S. Shonkoff, M. Delaney, J. Hunt, J. Oram, D. Yee, S. Pearce, C. Striplen, and R. Looker (Regional Board). Laboratory analysis for mercury and suspended sediment in grab samples was completed by UCSC. Turbidity data collection and long term suspended sediment analysis was completed by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). The authors want to thank James Kuwabara, USGS, and Jay Davis, SFEI, as part of the Sources Pathways and Loadings Workgroup. This project was funded by the San Francisco Bay Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP), and we gratefully acknowledge the support and oversight of the Technical Review Committee and the Steering Committee of the RMP. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 26 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2091 EP 2100 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 492VI UT WOS:000269688800010 PM 19499967 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. TI SELENIUM BIOACCUMULATION AND BODY CONDITION IN SHOREBIRDS AND TERNS BREEDING IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bird; Bioaccumulation; Body condition; San Francisco Bay; Selenium ID AQUATIC BIRDS; DIVING DUCKS; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; LESSER SCAUP; SPACE USE; MALLARDS; CONTAMINATION; REPRODUCTION; EGGS AB The present study evaluated Se bioaccumulation in four waterbird species (n = 206 birds) that breed within San Francisco Bay, California, USA: American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri), and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia). Selenium concentrations were variable and influenced by several factors, including species, region, reproductive stage, age, and sex. Adult Se concentrations (mu g/g dry wt) in livers ranged from 3.07 to 48.70 in avocets (geometric mean +/- standard error, 7.92 +/- 0.64), 2.28 to 41.10 in stilts (5.29 +/- 0.38), 3.73 to 14.50 in Forster's terns (7.13 +/- 0.38), and 4.77 to 14.40 in Caspian terns (6.73 +/- 0.78). Avocets had higher Se concentrations in the North Bay compared to the South Bay, whereas stilt Se concentrations were similar between these regions and Forster's terns had lower Se concentrations in the North Bay compared to the South Bay. Female avocets had higher Se concentrations than male avocets, but this was not the case for stilts and Forster's terns. Of the factors assessed, reproductive stage had the most consistent effect among species. Prebreeding birds tended to have higher liver Se concentrations than breeding birds, but this trend was statistically significant only for Forster's terns. Forster's tern chicks had lower Se concentrations than Forster's tern adults, whereas avocet and stilt adults and chicks were similar. Additionally, body condition was negatively related to liver Se concentrations in Forster's tern adults but not in avocet, stilt, or Caspian tern adults and chicks. These variable results illustrate the complexity of Se bioaccumulation and highlight the need to sample multiple species and examine several factors to assess the impact of Se on wildlife. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U. S. Geological Survey; Western Ecological Research Center FX This research was funded by the California Bay Delta Authority Ecosystem Restoration Program through the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, with additional support from the U. S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center. We thank Terry Adelsbach, John Henderson, Cathy Johnson, and Robin Keister for field and laboratory assistance and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Game for logistical support. Early versions of the manuscript were reviewed by Roger Hothem, Mark Ricca, Josh Vest, Joe Skorupa, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2134 EP 2141 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 492VI UT WOS:000269688800015 PM 19459720 ER PT J AU Shoults-Wilson, WA Peterson, JT Unrine, JM Rickard, J Black, MC AF Shoults-Wilson, W. Aaron Peterson, James T. Unrine, Jason M. Rickard, James Black, Marsha C. TI THE ASIAN CLAM CORBICULA FLUMINEA AS A BIOMONITOR OF TRACE ELEMENT CONTAMINATION: ACCOUNTING FOR DIFFERENT SOURCES OF VARIATION USING AN HIERARCHICAL LINEAR MODEL SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Corbicula fluminea; Trace element; Biomonitor; Hierarchical linear model; Bioaccumulation ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; BIOLOGICAL FACTORS; RIVER; MERCURY; METALS; SEDIMENTS; ACCUMULATION; DYNAMICS; CADMIUM AB In the present study, specimens of the invasive clam, Corbicula fluminea, were collected above and below possible sources of potentially toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in the Altamaha River system (Georgia, USA). Bioaccumulation of these elements was quantified, along with environmental (water and sediment) concentrations. Hierarchical linear models were used to account for variability in tissue concentrations related to environmental (site water chemistry and sediment characteristics) and individual (growth metrics) variables while identifying the strongest relations between these variables and trace element accumulation. The present study found significantly elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Hg downstream of the outfall of kaolin-processing facilities, Zn downstream of a tire cording facility, and Cr downstream of both a nuclear power plant and a paper pulp mill. Models of the present study indicated that variation in trace element accumulation was linked to distance upstream from the estuary, dissolved oxygen, percentage of silt and clay in the sediment, elemental concentrations in sediment, shell length, and bivalve condition index. By explicitly modeling environmental variability, the Hierarchical linear modeling procedure allowed the identification of sites showing increased accumulation of trace elements that may have been caused by human activity. Hierarchical linear modeling is a useful tool for accounting for environmental and individual sources of variation in bioaccumulation studies. C1 [Shoults-Wilson, W. Aaron; Black, Marsha C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shoults-Wilson, W. Aaron; Unrine, Jason M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rickard, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Georgia Ecol Serv, Field Off, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Shoults-Wilson, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM aaron.sw@uky.edu RI Black, Marsha /B-6449-2013 FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia Graduate School; University of Georgia Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program; U. S. Geological Survey; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors acknowledge J. Meador, B. Fauver, M. Buzbee, K. Hastie, and J. Turner for their help in field sampling. The authors also thank D. Addis and G. Loeffler Peltier for help in processing samples. The study described in this manuscript was conducted with financial support from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as well as both the University of Georgia Graduate School and the University of Georgia Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program. Further thanks go to two anonymous reviewers for their comments. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U. S. Government or the U. S. Geological Survey. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U. S. Geological Survey, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2224 EP 2232 DI 10.1897/09-058.S1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 492VI UT WOS:000269688800025 PM 19463028 ER PT J AU Frimpong, EA Angermeier, PL AF Frimpong, Emmanual A. Angermeier, Paul L. TI FishTraits: A Database of Ecological and Life-history Traits of Freshwater Fishes of the United States SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SPECIES TRAITS; POPULATION REGULATION; REPRODUCTIVE GUILDS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; STREAM; RIVER; HABITAT; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT AB The need for integrated and widely accessible Sources of species traits data to facilitate studies of ecology, conservation, and management has motivated development of traits databases for various tax-a. In spite of the increasing number of traits-based analyses of freshwater fishes in the United States, no consolidated database of traits of this group exists publicly, and much useful information on these species is documented only in obscure sources. The largely inaccessible and unconsolidated traits information makes large-scale analysis involving many fishes and/or traits particularly challenging We have compiled a database of > 100 traits for 809 (731 native and 78 normative) fish species found in freshwaters of the conterminous United states, including 37 native families and 145 native genera. The database, named FishTraits, contains information on four major categories of traits: (1) trophic ecology; (2) body size, reproductive ecology, and life history; (3) habitat preferences; and (4) salinity and temperature tolerances. Information on geographic distribution and conservation status was also compiled. The database enhances many opportunities for conducting research on fish species traits and constitutes the first step toward establishing a central repository for a continually expanding set of traits of North American fishes. C1 [Frimpong, Emmanual A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Frimpong, EA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM frimp@vt.edu FU USGS; Virginia Tech Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences FX Funding for this project was provided by the USGS Aquatic Gap Analysis Program and the Virginia Tech Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences. We thank Virginia Tech undergraduate students Koan Heindel, Victor Wooten, Richard Pendleton, and Gregory Bradshaw for dedicating their time and care to data processing and entry as part of their training in EAPs tab. We are also grateful to Thomas P. Sit-non, Michael R. Meador, two anonymous reviewers, and the science editor for constructive comments on earlier drafts of this article. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 53 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD OCT PY 2009 VL 34 IS 10 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.487 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522VG UT WOS:000272026500008 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Douglass, KA AF Johnson, J. H. Douglass, K. A. TI Diurnal stream habitat use of juvenile Atlantic salmon, brown trout and rainbow trout in winter SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diurnal; habitat; juvenile salmonid; stream; winter ID ACTIVITY PATTERNS; MICROHABITAT USE; DIEL ACTIVITY; BROOK TROUT; COHO SALMON; REFUGE USE; TRUTTA; SALAR; PREFERENCES; ENVIRONMENT AB P>The diurnal winter habitat of three species of juvenile salmonids was examined in a tributary of Skaneateles Lake, NY to compare habitat differences among species and to determine if species/age classes were selecting specific habitats. A total of 792 observations were made on the depth, velocity, substrate and cover (amount and type) used by sympatric subyearling Atlantic salmon, subyearling brown trout and subyearling and yearling rainbow trout. Subyearling Atlantic salmon occurred in shallower areas with faster velocities and less cover than the other salmonid groups. Subyearling salmon was also the only group associated with substrate of a size larger than the average size substrate in the study reach during both winters. Subyearling brown trout exhibited a preference for vegetative cover. Compared with available habitat, yearling rainbow trout were the most selective in their habitat use. All salmonid groups were associated with more substrate cover in 2002 under high flow conditions. Differences in the winter habitat use of these salmonid groups have important management implications in terms of both habitat protection and habitat enhancement. C1 [Johnson, J. H.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 16 IS 5 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00680.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 493IN UT WOS:000269730100002 ER PT J AU Fincel, MJ Chipps, SR Bennett, DH AF Fincel, M. J. Chipps, S. R. Bennett, D. H. TI Composition and location of simulated lake-shore redds influence incubation success in kokanee, Oncorhynchus nerka SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE incubation success; Lake Pend Oreille; spawning habitat; substrate manipulation ID MYSIS-RELICTA AB P>Methods for improving spawning habitat for lakeshore spawning kokanee, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), were explored by quantifying incubation success of embryos exposed to three substrate treatments in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, USA. Substrate treatments included no modification that used existing gravels in the lake (EXISTING), a cleaned substrate treatment where existing gravels were sifted in the water column to remove silt (CLEANED) and the addition of new, silt-free gravel (ADDED). Incubation success was evaluated using Whitlock-Vibert incubation boxes buried within each substrate treatment that contained recently fertilised embryos. Upon retrieval, live and dead sac fry and eyed eggs were enumerated to determine incubation success (sac fry and eyed eggs x 100/number of fertilised embryos). Incubation success varied significantly among locations and redd treatments. In general, incubation success among ADDED redds (0.0-13.0%) was significantly lower than that for EXISTING (1.4-61.0%) and CLEANED (0.4-62.5%) redds. Adding new gravel to spawning areas changed the morphometry of the gravel-water interface and probably exposed embryos to disturbance from wave action and reduced embryo survival. Moreover, efforts to improve spawning habitat for lakeshore spawning kokanee should consider water depth and location (e.g. protected shorelines) as important variables. Adding clean gravel to existing spawning areas may provide little benefit if water depth or lake-bottom morphometry are altered. C1 [Fincel, M. J.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Bennett, D. H.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Fincel, MJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM mark.fincel@sdstate.edu FU US Navy David Taylor Acoustic Research Detachment (ARD) in Bayview; US Office of Naval Research FX T. Curet provided technical assistance in the field. T. Symens and M. Bouchard provided editorial assistance with the manuscript. The US Navy David Taylor Acoustic Research Detachment (ARD) in Bayview, Idaho provided logistical support. Three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. This project was supported, in part, by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 16 IS 5 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00690.x PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 493IN UT WOS:000269730100007 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Paramore, LM Burdick, SM Buckel, JA Hightower, JE AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Paramore, Lee M. Burdick, Summer M. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Variation in movement patterns of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) inferred from conventional tagging and ultrasonic telemetry SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY ESTUARY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TAG RECOVERIES; NATURAL MORTALITY; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; CAROLINA WATERS; NORTH-CAROLINA; FISH MOVEMENT; JUVENILE; ATLANTIC AB We used 25 years of conventional tagging data (n=6173 recoveries) and 3 years of ultrasonic telemetry data (n=105 transmitters deployed) to examine movement rates and directional preferences of four age classes of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in estuarine and coastal waters of North Carolina. Movement rates of conventionally tagged red drum were dependent on the age, region, and season of tagging. Age-1 and age-2 red drum tagged along the coast generally moved along the coast, whereas fish tagged in oligohaline waters far from the coast were primarily recovered in coastal regions in fall months. Adult (age-4+) red drum moved from overwintering grounds on the continental shelf through inlets into Pamlico Sound in spring and summer months and departed in fall. Few tagged red drum were recovered in adjacent states (0.6% of all recoveries); however, some adult red drum migrated seasonally from overwintering grounds in coastal North Carolina northward to Virginia in spring, returning in fall. Age-2 transmitter-tracked red drum displayed seasonal emigration from a small tributary, but upstream and downstream movements within the tributary were correlated with fluctuating salinity regimes and not season. Large-scale conventional tagging and ultrasonic telemetry programs can provide valuable insights into the complex movement patterns of estuarine fish. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Burdick, Summer M.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Paramore, Lee M.] N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Wanchese, NC 27981 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nat & Appl Sci EN 317,2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. EM bachelen@uwgb.edu NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 405 EP 419 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 513HE UT WOS:000271312500001 ER PT J AU Swift, BL Dwyer, C Malecki, RA Padding, PI Pollard, JB AF Swift, Bryan L. Dwyer, Chris Malecki, Richard A. Padding, Paul I. Pollard, J. Bruce TI Canada geese and Flight 1549: a follow-up to Marra et al. SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [Swift, Bryan L.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. [Dwyer, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA USA. [Malecki, Richard A.] Livingston Ripley Waterfowl Conservancy, Litchfield, CT USA. [Padding, Paul I.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD USA. [Pollard, J. Bruce] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Sackville, NB, Canada. RP Swift, BL (reprint author), New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. EM blswift@gw.dec.state.ny.us NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 7 IS 8 BP 407 EP 407 DI 10.1890/09.WB.025 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508RD UT WOS:000270949800012 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Spaulding, SA Stohlgren, TJ Hermann, KA Schmidt, TS Bahls, LL AF Kumar, Sunil Spaulding, Sarah A. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Hermann, Karl A. Schmidt, Travis S. Bahls, Loren L. TI Potential habitat distribution for the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata in the continental US SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; INFERENCE MODELS; CLIMATE; LAKES; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; INVASION; PATTERNS; RIVERS AB The diatom Didymosphenia geminata is a single-celled alga found in lakes, streams, and rivers. Nuisance blooms of D geminata affect the diversity, abundance, and productivity of other aquatic organisms. Because D geminata can be transported by humans on waders and other gear, accurate spatial prediction of habitat suitability is urgently needed for early detection and rapid response, as well as for evaluation of monitoring and control programs. We compared four modeling methods to predict D geminata's habitat distribution; two methods use presence-absence data (logistic regression and classification and regression tree [CART]), and two involve presence data (maximum entropy model [Maxent] and genetic algorithm for rule-set production [GARP]). Using these methods, we evaluated spatially explicit, bioclimatic and environmental variables as predictors of diatom distribution. The Maxent model provided the most accurate predictions, followed by logistic regression, CART, and GARP. The most suitable habitats were predicted to occur in the western US, in relatively cool sites, and at high elevations with a high base-flow index. The results provide insights into the factors that affect the distribution of D geminata and a spatial basis for the prediction of nuisance blooms. C1 [Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.; Hermann, Karl A.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bahls, Loren L.] Hannaea, Helena, MT USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sunil@nrel.colostate.edu RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 FU EPA Region 8; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; USGS Fort Collins Science Center; NASA [NRA-03-OES-03] FX We thank M Bothwell, C Kilroy, C Vieglais, and M Potapova for helpful discussions. This work is based on the development of the EMAP program in Corvallis, OR, and the work of A Herlihy, P Kaufmann, P Larson, S Paulson, D Peck, and J Stoddard. N Gillett and K Manoylov provided additional information. We thank EPA Region 8, the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, and USGS Fort Collins Science Center for funding and logistical support. TJS and SK acknowledge funding for data analysis from NASA grant NRA-03-OES-03. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 28 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 8 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 7 IS 8 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1890/080054 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508RD UT WOS:000270949800016 ER PT J AU White, MA de Beurs, KM Didan, K Inouye, DW Richardson, AD Jensen, OP O'Keefe, J Zhang, G Nemani, RR van Leeuwen, WJD Brown, JF de Wit, A Schaepman, M Lin, XM Dettinger, M Bailey, AS Kimball, J Schwartz, MD Baldocchi, DD Lee, JT Lauenroth, WK AF White, Michael A. de Beurs, Kirsten M. Didan, Kamel Inouye, David W. Richardson, Andrew D. Jensen, Olaf P. O'Keefe, John Zhang, Gong Nemani, Ramakrishna R. van Leeuwen, Willem J. D. Brown, Jesslyn F. de Wit, Allard Schaepman, Michael Lin, Xioamao Dettinger, Michael Bailey, Amey S. Kimball, John Schwartz, Mark D. Baldocchi, Dennis D. Lee, John T. Lauenroth, William K. TI Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006 SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bloom; budburst; climate change; flower; growing season; land surface phenology; seasonality ID SATELLITE SENSOR DATA; NDVI TIME-SERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; PLANT PHENOLOGY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY AB Shifts in the timing of spring phenology are a central feature of global change research. Long-term observations of plant phenology have been used to track vegetation responses to climate variability but are often limited to particular species and locations and may not represent synoptic patterns. Satellite remote sensing is instead used for continental to global monitoring. Although numerous methods exist to extract phenological timing, in particular start-of-spring (SOS), from time series of reflectance data, a comprehensive intercomparison and interpretation of SOS methods has not been conducted. Here, we assess 10 SOS methods for North America between 1982 and 2006. The techniques include consistent inputs from the 8 km Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer NDVIg dataset, independent data for snow cover, soil thaw, lake ice dynamics, spring streamflow timing, over 16 000 individual measurements of ground-based phenology, and two temperature-driven models of spring phenology. Compared with an ensemble of the 10 SOS methods, we found that individual methods differed in average day-of-year estimates by +/- 60 days and in standard deviation by +/- 20 days. The ability of the satellite methods to retrieve SOS estimates was highest in northern latitudes and lowest in arid, tropical, and Mediterranean ecoregions. The ordinal rank of SOS methods varied geographically, as did the relationships between SOS estimates and the cryospheric/hydrologic metrics. Compared with ground observations, SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages. We found no evidence for time trends in spring arrival from ground- or model-based data; using an ensemble estimate from two methods that were more closely related to ground observations than other methods, SOS trends could be detected for only 12% of North America and were divided between trends towards both earlier and later spring. C1 [White, Michael A.; Zhang, Gong] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [de Beurs, Kirsten M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Didan, Kamel] Univ Arizona, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Inouye, David W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [O'Keefe, John] Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA. [Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.] Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ USA. [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ USA. [Brown, Jesslyn F.] Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, US Geol Survey, Land Sci Div, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [de Wit, Allard; Schaepman, Michael] Wageningen UR, Ctr Geoinformat, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Lin, Xioamao] Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bailey, Amey S.] Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, Campton, NH USA. [Kimball, John] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Baldocchi, Dennis D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, John T.] Univ Maine, Dept PSE, Environm Phys Grp, Orono, ME USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP White, MA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mikew.usu@gmail.com RI Brown, Jesslyn/C-9888-2010; Jensen, Olaf/E-4947-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Inouye, David/C-2997-2011; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Schaepman, Michael/B-9213-2009; OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998; de Wit, Allard/0000-0002-5517-6404; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Inouye, David/0000-0003-2076-7834; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Schaepman, Michael/0000-0002-9627-9565; White, Michael/0000-0002-0238-8913 FU MAW; NASA [NNG04G043G, NNA05CS25A]; NSF [02-4277, ATM-9510342, 9809460, 0085224, DEB 981022, 9211775, 8702328, OPP-9911278, 9911681, 9732281, 9615411, 9615563, 9615942, 9615949, 9400722, 9415411, 9318529, BSR 9019055, 8806635, 8507493]; DDB; Office of Science (BER); US DOE [DE-FG02-06ER64308]; ADR; Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX We gratefully acknowledge agency support: MAW, NASA grants NNG04G043G and NNA05CS25A and NSF grant 02-4277; DDB, the Office of Science (BER), US DOE grant DE-FG02-06ER64308 and NSF grant DEB 0639235; MDS, NSF grants ATM-9510342, 9809460, and 0085224; ADR, the Northeastern States Research Cooperative and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. We thank Samuel Hiatt for technical assistance. Logistical support and/or data were provided by the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) project and the Mountain Research Station (BIR 9115097). Data was supported by the NSF LTER Program at Konza Prairie Biological Station. Data sets were provided by the Arctic LTER. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants DEB 981022, 9211775, 8702328; OPP-9911278, 9911681, 9732281, 9615411, 9615563, 9615942, 9615949, 9400722, 9415411, 9318529; BSR 9019055, 8806635, 8507493. Data sets were provided by the Forest Science Data Bank, a partnership between the Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, and the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon. Significant funding for collection of these data was provided by the National Science Foundation LTER program (NSF Grant numbers BSR 9011663 8811906 0423662; DEB 9632921, 0217631, 9411976, 0080529 and 0217774). Data sets were provided by the Shortgrass Steppe LTER group, a partnership between Colorado State University, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the U.S. Forest Service Pawnee National Grassland. Data sets were provided by the Shortgrass Steppe LTER group, a partnership between Colorado State University, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the U.S. Forest Service Pawnee National Grassland. Data sets were provided by the Sevilleta LTER program. NR 67 TC 325 Z9 350 U1 17 U2 204 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 15 IS 10 BP 2335 EP 2359 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 491KO UT WOS:000269577800001 ER PT J AU Miller, DA Vleck, CM Otis, DL AF Miller, David A. Vleck, Carol M. Otis, David L. TI Individual variation in baseline and stress-induced corticosterone and prolactin levels predicts parental effort by nesting mourning doves SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Allostasis; Capture-restraint protocol; Glucocorticoid; Pleiotropic effects; Stress ID HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; LONG-LIVED BIRD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RING DOVES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; LIFE-HISTORIES; BEHAVIOR; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; PLASMA; HORMONES AB Endocrine systems have an important mechanistic role in structuring life-history trade-offs. During breeding, individual variation in prolactin (PRL) and corticosterone (CORT) levels affects behavioral and physiological processes that drive trade-offs between reproduction and self-maintenance. We examined patterns in baseline (BL) and stress induced (SI; level following a standard capture-restraint protocol) levels of PRL and CORT for breeding mourning doves (Zenaida macroura). We determined whether the relationship of adult condition and parental effort to hormone levels in wild birds was consistent with life-history predictions. Both BL PRL and BL CORT level in adults were positively related to nestling weight at early nestling ages, consistent with the prediction of a positive relationship of hormone levels to current parental effort of adults and associated increased energy demand. Results are consistent with the two hormones acting together at baseline levels to limit negative effects of CORT on reproduction while maintaining beneficial effects such as increased foraging for nestling feeding. Our data did not support predictions that SI responses would vary in response to nestling or adult condition. The magnitude of CORT response in the parents to our capture-restraint protocol was negatively correlated with subsequent parental effort. Average nestling weights for adults with the highest SI CORT response were on average 10-15% lighter than expected for their age in follow-up visits after the stress event. Our results demonstrated a relationship between individual hormone levels and within population variation in parental effort and suggested that hormonal control plays an important role in structuring reproductive decisions for mourning doves. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, David A.] Iowa State Univ, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Program, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Vleck, Carol M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Otis, David L.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, DA (reprint author), Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM millerda@iastate.edu RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Webless Migratory Game-bird Research Grant FX Funding for this study came from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Webless Migratory Game-bird Research Grant. D. Christensen and P. Skrade helped with iodination procedures for prolactin assays. K. Fisher, J. Henningsen, and C. Holy assisted with field work for the study. Comments on previous drafts of the manuscript were provided by S. Dinsmore, M. Shultz, and A. Sparkman. NR 54 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.08.001 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 513GY UT WOS:000271311900014 PM 19682449 ER PT J AU Zhang, YH Zhang, JX Lu, Z Gong, WY AF Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Jixian Lu, Zhong Gong, Wenyu TI A New Numerical Method for Calculating Extrema of Received Power for Polarimetric SAR SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Polarimetry; scattering; scattering parameter measurements; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID IMAGING RADAR POLARIMETRY AB A numerical method called cross-step iteration is proposed to calculate the maximal/minimal received power for polarized imagery based on a target's Kennaugh matrix. This method is much more efficient than the systematic method, which searches for the extrema of received power by varying the polarization ellipse angles of receiving and transmitting polarizations. It is also more advantageous than the Schuler method, which has been adopted by the PolSARPro package, because the cross-step iteration method requires less computation time and can derive both the maximal and minimal received powers, whereas the Schuler method is designed to work out only the maximal received power. The analytical model of received-power optimization indicates that the first eigenvalue of the Kennaugh matrix is the supremum of the maximal received power. The difference between these two parameters reflects the depolarization effect of the target's backscattering, which might be useful for target discrimination. C1 [Zhang, Yonghong; Zhang, Jixian; Gong, Wenyu] Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lu, Zhong] Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Zhang, YH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. EM yhzhang@casm.ac.cn; zhangjx@casm.ac.cn; lu@usgs.gov; gongwy@casm.ac.cn FU National Key Basic Research and Development Program, China [2006CB701303] FX Manuscript received November 19, 2008; revised March 30, 2009. First published July 31, 2009; current version published October 14, 2009. This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program, China, under Project 2006CB701303. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 666 EP 670 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2022958 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506GD UT WOS:000270761500011 ER PT J AU Chander, G Huang, CQ Yang, LM Homer, C Larson, C AF Chander, Gyanesh Huang, Chengquan Yang, Limin Homer, Collin Larson, Charles TI Developing Consistent Landsat Data Sets for Large Area Applications: The MRLC 2001 Protocol SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Brightness temperature; Landsat; Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC); National Land Cover Data set (NLCD); radiance; reflectance; tassel-cap transformations ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; COVER DATABASE; TASSELED CAP; TM; TRANSFORMATION; COMPLETION; LANDSCAPE AB One of the major efforts in large area land cover mapping over the last two decades was the completion of two U. S. National Land Cover Data sets (NLCD), developed with nominal 1992 and 2001 Landsat imagery under the auspices of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. Following the successful generation of NLCD 1992, a second generation MRLC initiative was launched with two primary goals: 1) to develop a consistent Landsat imagery data set for the U. S. and 2) to develop a second generation National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001). One of the key enhancements was the formulation of an image preprocessing protocol and implementation of a consistent image processing method. The core data set of the NLCD 2001 database consists of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images. This letter details the procedures for processing the original ETM+ images and more recent scenes added to the database. NLCD 2001 products include Anderson Level II land cover classes, percent tree canopy, and percent urban imperviousness at 30-m resolution derived from Landsat imagery. The products are freely available for download to the general public from the MRLC Consortium Web site at http://www.mrlc.gov. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh; Larson, Charles] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh; Yang, Limin; Homer, Collin; Larson, Charles] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [08HQCN0005] FX Manuscript received January 7, 2009; revised May 17, 2009. First published September 1, 2009; current version published October 14, 2009. This work was performed under U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contract 08HQCN0005. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 777 EP 781 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2025244 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506GD UT WOS:000270761500034 ER PT J AU Denver, RJ Hopkins, PM McCormick, SD Propper, CR Riddiford, L Sower, SA Wingfield, JC AF Denver, Robert J. Hopkins, Penny M. McCormick, Stephen D. Propper, Catherine R. Riddiford, Lynn Sower, Stacia A. Wingfield, John C. TI Comparative endocrinology in the 21st century SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; MEMBRANE PROGESTIN RECEPTOR; CANDIDATE GENE ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; INSECT ECDYSIS; VERTEBRATES; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; FISH AB Hormones coordinate developmental, physiological, and behavioral processes within and between all living organisms. They orchestrate and shape organogenesis from early in development, regulate the acquisition, assimilation, and utilization of nutrients to support growth and metabolism, control gamete production and sexual behavior, mediate organismal responses to environmental change, and allow for communication of information between organisms. Genes that code for hormones; the enzymes that synthesize, metabolize, and transport hormones; and hormone receptors are important targets for natural selection, and variation in their expression and function is a major driving force for the evolution of morphology and life history. Hormones coordinate physiology and behavior of populations of organisms, and thus play key roles in determining the structure of populations, communities, and ecosystems. The field of endocrinology is concerned with the study of hormones and their actions. This field is rooted in the comparative study of hormones in diverse species, which has provided the foundation for the modern fields of evolutionary, environmental, and biomedical endocrinology. Comparative endocrinologists work at the cutting edge of the life sciences. They identify new hormones, hormone receptors and mechanisms of hormone action applicable to diverse species, including humans; study the impact of habitat destruction, pollution, and climatic change on populations of organisms; establish novel model systems for studying hormones and their functions; and develop new genetic strains and husbandry practices for efficient production of animal protein. While the model system approach has dominated biomedical research in recent years, and has provided extraordinary insight into many basic cellular and molecular processes, this approach is limited to investigating a small minority of organisms. Animals exhibit tremendous diversity in form and function, life-history strategies, and responses to the environment. A major challenge for life scientists in the 21st century is to understand how a changing environment impacts all life on earth. A full understanding of the capabilities of organisms to respond to environmental variation, and the resilience of organisms challenged by environmental changes and extremes, is necessary for understanding the impact of pollution and climatic change on the viability of populations. Comparative endocrinologists have a key role to play in these efforts. C1 [Denver, Robert J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Denver, Robert J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hopkins, Penny M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73109 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Propper, Catherine R.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Riddiford, Lynn] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. [Sower, Stacia A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Mol & Comparat Endocrinol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sower, Stacia A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wingfield, John C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Denver, RJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rdenver@umich.edu NR 104 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1093/icb/icp082 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 496IB UT WOS:000269962700001 PM 21665824 ER PT J AU Husak, JF Irschick, DJ McCormick, SD Moore, IT AF Husak, Jerry F. Irschick, Duncan J. McCormick, Stephen D. Moore, Ignacio T. TI Hormonal regulation of whole-animal performance: Implications for selection SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; CAPACITY; FITNESS; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; MODEL C1 [Husak, Jerry F.; Moore, Ignacio T.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Irschick, Duncan J.; McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Irschick, Duncan J.; McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Husak, JF (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Jerry.Husak@usd.edu OI Moore, Ignacio/0000-0001-8875-8913 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1093/icb/icp030 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 496IB UT WOS:000269962700002 PM 21665825 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD AF McCormick, Stephen D. TI Evolution of the hormonal control of animal performance: Insights from the seaward migration of salmon SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hormonal Regulation of Whole-Animal Performance CY JAN 03-07, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CORTISOL RECEPTOR ACTIVITY; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALINITY TOLERANCE; THYROID-HORMONES AB The endocrine system is the key mediator of environmental and developmental (internal) information, and is likely to be involved in altering the performance of animals when selection has favored phenotypic plasticity. The endocrine control of performance should be especially pronounced in animals that undergo a developmental shift in niche, such as occurs in migratory species. By way of example, I review the developmental and environmental control of the preparatory changes for seawater entry of juvenile salmon (known as smolting) and its hormonal regulation. There is a size threshold for smolt development in juvenile Atlantic salmon that results in greater sensitivity of the growth hormone and cortisol axes to changes in daylength. These hormones, in turn, have broad effects on survival, ion homeostasis, growth and swimming performance during entry into seawater. Migratory niche shifts and metamorphic events are extreme examples of the role of hormones in animal performance and represent one end of a continuum. A framework for predicting when hormones will be involved in performance of animals is presented. Endocrine involvement in performance will be more substantial when (1) selection differentials on traits underlying performance are high and temporally discontinuous over an animals lifetime, (2) the energetic and fitness costs of maintaining performance plasticity are less than those of constant performance, (3) cues for altering performance are reliable indicators of critical environmental conditions, require neurosensory input, and minimize effects of lag, and (4) the need for coordination of organs, tissues and cells to achieve increased performance is greater. By examining these impacts of selection, endocrinologists have an opportunity to contribute to the understanding of performance, phenotypic plasticity, and the evolution of life-history traits. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.] Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 89 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 408 EP 422 DI 10.1093/icb/icp044 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 496IB UT WOS:000269962700007 PM 21665830 ER PT J AU Burn, DM Udevitz, MS Speckman, SG Benter, RB AF Burn, Douglas M. Udevitz, Mark S. Speckman, Suzann G. Benter, R. Bradley TI An improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus signatures in airborne thermal imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Airborne thermal imagery; Pacific walrus; Aerial survey; Alaska; Bering Sea ID INFRARED IMAGERY; PACIFIC WALRUS AB In recent years, application of remote sensing to marine mammal surveys has been a promising area of investigation for wildlife managers and researchers. In April 2006, the United States and Russia conducted an aerial survey of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) using thermal infrared sensors to detect groups of animals resting on pack ice in the Bering Sea. The goal of this survey was to estimate the size of the Pacific walrus population. An initial analysis of the U.S. data using previously-established methods resulted in lower detectability of walrus groups in the imagery and higher variability in calibration models than was expected based on pilot studies. This paper describes an improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus groups in airborne thermal imagery. Thermal images were first subdivided into smaller 200 x 200 pixel "tiles." We calculated three statistics to represent characteristics of walrus signatures from the temperature histogram for each the. Tiles that exhibited one or more of these characteristics were examined further to determine if walrus signatures were present. We used cluster analysis on tiles that contained walrus signatures to determine which pixels belonged to each group. We then calculated a thermal index value for each walrus group in the imagery and used generalized linear models to estimate detection functions (the probability of a group having a positive index value) and calibration functions (the size of a group as a function of its index value) based on counts from matched digital aerial photographs. The new method described here improved our ability to detect walrus groups at both 2 m and 4 m spatial resolution. In addition, the resulting calibration models have lower variance than the original method. We anticipate that the use of this new procedure will greatly improve the quality of the population estimate derived from these data. This procedure may also have broader applicability to thermal infrared surveys of other wildlife species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burn, Douglas M.; Speckman, Suzann G.; Benter, R. Bradley] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Udevitz, Mark S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Burn, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Douglas_Burn@fws.gov OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 11 IS 5 BP 324 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2009.05.004 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 496JK UT WOS:000269967000003 ER PT J AU Lyons, PC Mastalerz, M Orem, WH AF Lyons, Paul C. Mastalerz, Maria Orem, William H. TI Organic geochemistry of resins from modern Agathis australis and Eocene resins from New Zealand: Diagenetic and taxonomic implications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Resins; Agathis australis; Maturation; Eocene; New Zealand; Miocene; Australia ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CLASS-I RESINITES; NATURAL RESINS; POLYLABDANOID RESINITES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; BALTIC AMBER; FT-IR; GEOSPHERE AB A maturation series of resins and fossil resins from New Zealand, ranging in age from Modern to Eocene and ranging from uncoalified to high volatile C bituminous coal, were analyzed by elemental, pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC), Fourier Transform infrared (FTir), and solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) techniques. For comparison, four resin samples from the Latrobe Valley, Australia, were analyzed. All of the resins and fossil resins of this study show very high H/C atomic ratios, and are characterized by dominant peaks in the 10-60 ppm range of solid-state (13)C NMR spectra and prominent bands in the aliphatic stretching region (2800-3000 cm(-1)) of FTir spectra, all indicating a highly aliphatic molecular structure. The (13)C NMR and FTir data indicate a diterpenoid structure for these resins. There is an abrupt loss of oxygen that occurs at the Lignite A/Subbituminous C stage, which is attributed to a dramatic loss of carboxyl (COOH) from the diterpenoid molecule. This is a new finding in the diagenesis of resins. This important loss in oxygenated functional groups is attributed to a maturation change. Also, there is a progressive loss of exomethylene (CH(2)) groups with increasing degree of maturation, as shown by both (13)C NMR and FTir data. This change has been noted by previous investigators. Exomethylene is absent in the fossil resins from the Eocene high volatile C bituminous coals. This progressive loss is characteristic of Class I resinites. FTir data indicate that the oxygenated functional groups are strong in all the resin samples except the fossil resin from high volatile C bituminous coal. This important change in oxygenated functional groups is attributed to maturation changes. The (13)C NMR and FTir data indicate there are minor changes in the Agathis australis resin from the living tree and soil, which suggests that alteration of A. australis resins begins shortly after deposition in the soil for as little as 1000 years. The Morwell and Yallourn fossil resins from brown coal (lignite B) Australia do not have some of the FTir characteristics of the New Zealand resins, which most likely indicates they have a different plant source because different degrees of oxidation and weathering and changes due to fires (i.e., charring) can be ruled out. Our results have implications for studies of the maturation, provenance, and botanical sources of fossil resins and resinites in Eocene and Miocene coals and sediments of New Zealand and Australia. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mastalerz, Maria] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Lyons, Paul C.] Lyons & Associates Consultants, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mastalerz, M (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, 611 N Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM paulusgs@aol.gov; mmastale@indiana.edu; borem@usgs.gov FU Omahuta State Forest of the North Island of New Zealand; South Island of New Zealand; Jane Newman (University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand) FX Robert Gaulton (formerly of State Electricity Commission of Victoria, Australia) graciously sent one Morwell and one Yallourn in situ fossil resin sample. Steve Edbrooke (GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand) guided the senior author to collect the Renown and Kupakupa fossil resin samples, and Mike Isaac (GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand) collected and sent the sample of A. australis resin in soil from the Omahuta State Forest of the North Island of New Zealand. The Charleston fossil resin sample and the Brunner Coal Measures fossil resin came from the Buller Coalfield and were collected from the South Island of New Zealand by the senior author during a field excursion (1997) led by Jane Newman (University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand) and Richard Sykes (GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand), who sent five resin samples from Brunner Coal Measures of the Reefton Mining District, Reefton Coalfield of the South Island of New Zealand. T. Newman of Newman Energy Research of New Zealand provided information on images of A. australis. Both J. Newman and R. Sykes provided rank and locality data on the New Zealand coals. Z. A. Brown and Ann Bates of the U.S. Geological Survey did the elemental analyses. Harry Lerch of the same organization did the Py-GC analyses. Floyd Brown (U.S. Geological Survey, ret.) and P.G. Hatcher of Ohio State University were involved in an early stage of this research. D. G. Murchison (University of Newcastle) provided copies of his papers on resinite in English coals. K B. Anderson (Southern Illinois University) provided extensive discussion and information on the classification of our fossil resins and some of his papers on the geochemistry of fossil resins. Arlene Lyons did the color determinations of the resins of this paper. A. Drobniak (Indiana University) graciously provided computer support for our study. Russell Lyons provided photos of Agathis australi[5 from the free literature. Finally, we thank J. Curiale, L Schwark, and one anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2009.07.015 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 504LN UT WOS:000270618400005 ER PT J AU Hower, JC Henke, K O'Keefe, JMK Engle, MA Blake, DR Stracher, GB AF Hower, James C. Henke, Kevin O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K. Engle, Mark A. Blake, Donald R. Stracher, Glenn B. TI The Tiptop coal-mine fire, Kentucky: Preliminary investigation of the measurement of mercury and other hazardous gases from coal-fire gas vents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Carbon monoxide; Mercury; Gas emissions; Coal-mine fires AB The Tiptop underground coal-mine fire in the Skyline coalbed of the Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation was investigated in rural northern Breathitt County, Kentucky, in May 2008 and January 2009, for the purpose of determining the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), and mercury (Hg) in the vent and for measuring gas-vent temperatures. At the time of our visits, concentrations Of CO(2) peaked at 2.0% and > 6.0% (v/v) and CO at 600 ppm and > 700 ppm during field analysis in May 2008 and January 2009, respectively. For comparison, these concentrations exceed the U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) eight-hour safe exposure limits (0.5% CO(2) and 50 ppm CO), although the site is not currently mined. Mercury, as Hg(0), in excess of 500 and 2100 mu g/m(3), in May and January, respectively, in the field, also exceeded the OSHA eight-hour exposure limit (50 mu g/m(3)). Carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulficle, and a suite of organic compounds were determined at two vents for the first sampling event. All gases are diluted by air as they exit and migrate away from a gas vent, but temperature inversions and other meteorological conditions could lead to unhealthy concentrations in the nearby towns. Variation in gas temperatures, nearly 300 degrees C during the January visit to the fire versus < 50 degrees C in May, demonstrates the large temporal variability in fire intensity at the Tiptop mine. These preliminary results suggest that emissions from coal fires may be important, but additional data are required that address the reasons for significant variations in the composition, flow, and temperature of vent gases. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hower, James C.; Henke, Kevin] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K.] Morehead State Univ, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Stracher, Glenn B.] E Georgia Coll, Swainsboro, GA 30401 USA. RP Hower, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 3572 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. EM hower@caer.uky.edu OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Chris Lacy and his employer, Licking River Coal, for granting us access to the mine site. Reviewers Jen Wilcox and Magdalena Misz and editor Ozgen Karacan provided valuable constructive reviews of the original manuscript. The U.S. Geological Survey does not endorse the use of specific instruments mentioned. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.005 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 504LN UT WOS:000270618400006 ER PT J AU Braaten, PJ Fuller, DB Lott, RD Jordan, GR AF Braaten, P. J. Fuller, D. B. Lott, R. D. Jordan, G. R. TI An estimate of the historic population size of adult pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri River Basin, Montana and North Dakota SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORT-RANDALL DAM; WHITE STURGEON; KOOTENAI RIVER; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; SOUTH-DAKOTA; HABITAT USE; FIN RAYS; HATCHERY AB P>Juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus raised in hatcheries and stocked in the wild are used to augment critically imperiled populations of this federally endangered species in the United States. For pallid sturgeon in recovery priority management area 2 (RPMA 2) of the Missouri River and lower Yellowstone River where natural recruitment has not occurred for decades, restoration programs aim to stock an annual minimum of 9000 juvenile pallid sturgeon for 20 years to re-establish a minimum population of 1700 adults. However, establishment of this target was based on general guidelines for maintaining the genetic integrity of populations rather than pallid sturgeon-specific demographic information because data on the historical population size was lacking. In this study, information from a recent population estimate (158 wild adults in 2004, 95% confidence interval 129-193 adults) and an empirically derived adult mortality rate (5%) was used in a cohort population model to back-estimate the historic abundance of adult pallid sturgeon in RPMA 2. Three back-estimation age models were developed, and assumed that adults alive during 2004 were 30-, 40-, or 50-years old. Based on these age assumptions, population sizes [+/- 95% confidence intervals; (CI)] were back-estimated to 1989, 1979, and 1969 to approximate size of the population when individuals would have been sexually mature (15 years old) and capable of spawning. Back-estimations yielded predictions of 344 adults in 1989 (95% CI 281-420), 577 adults in 1979 (95% CI 471-704), and 968 adults in 1969 (95% CI 790-1182) for the 30-, 40-, and 50-year age models, respectively. Although several assumptions are inherent in the back-estimation models, results suggest the juvenile stocking program for pallid sturgeon will likely re-establish an adult population that equals in the short-term and exceeds in the long-term the predicted population numbers that occurred during past decades in RPMA 2. However, re-establishment of a large population in RPMA 2 that exceeds populations present 40+ years ago should be considered conservatively, as this strategy will increase the number of reproductive adults and thereby increase the likelihood for natural recruitment in this recruitment-limited system. C1 [Braaten, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. [Fuller, D. B.; Lott, R. D.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Ft Peck Fisheries Off, Ft Peck, MT USA. [Jordan, G. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Billings, MT USA. RP Braaten, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. EM pbraaten@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This projected was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Fort Peck Flow Modification Biological Data Collection Plan (J. Palensky, Omaha District, Project Manager). Thanks are extended to S. Krentz (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for providing unpublished pallid sturgeon age data in support of this project, and to K. Chojnacki (U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center) for map design. Excellent reviews and suggestions from K. Kappenman, R. Snyder, and two anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of the manuscript contributed to an improved final product. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01195.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 490JD UT WOS:000269496100002 ER PT J AU Spindler, BD Chipps, SR Klumb, RA Wimberly, MC AF Spindler, B. D. Chipps, S. R. Klumb, R. A. Wimberly, M. C. TI Spatial analysis of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus distribution in the Missouri River, South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORT-RANDALL DAM; HABITAT USE; DISEASE; MOVEMENTS; CLUSTERS AB P>Movement and distribution of the endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus has generally been documented using radio telemetry. However, because of the time and cost involved in tracking individual fish (i.e. small sample size), it is often difficult to evaluate spatial distribution of groups of fish over long time periods (> 3 years). Standardized sampling for pallid sturgeon, which relies on a variety of gear types, has been conducted on the Missouri River downstream of Fort Randall Dam annually since 2003. Using catch data from 2003 to 2006, the spatial distribution of juvenile pallid sturgeon was evaluated using spatial scan statistics. Presence/absence of pallid sturgeon was summarized from a variety of gear and distribution patterns were analyzed based on: (i) each gear per season, (ii) all gear pooled per season, (iii) each gear pooled across seasons, and (iv) pooled data from all gear and years combined. Three significant clusters of pallid sturgeon captures were identified when all gear and years were pooled. Distribution patterns identified using data from summer trammel nets agreed well with the overall pooled dataset and could be used to identify areas with a high probability of pallid sturgeon presence. This methodology can be used to identify areas where pallid sturgeon are likely to occur, thus improving sampling efficiency for monitoring vital statistics for this endangered species. Moreover, this approach could be applied to other reaches of the Missouri River using existing data from the Pallid Sturgeon Monitoring and Assessment Program. Once identified, these areas could then be evaluated to better understand the habitat requirements of pallid sturgeon. C1 [Spindler, B. D.; Chipps, S. R.] S Dakota State Univ, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Spindler, B. D.] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN USA. [Klumb, R. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD USA. [Wimberly, M. C.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM steven.chipps@sdstate.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 FU Department of Game; Fish & Parks through the State Wildlife Grants Program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program, Omaha and Kansas City districts FX We would like to thank Kristen Grohs, Sean McAlpin, Steven Heutmaker, Dane Shuman, Wayne Stancill, and Greg Wanner from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, Pierre, South Dakota for technical assistance and data collection. Funding for this project was provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks through the State Wildlife Grants Program and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program, Omaha and Kansas City districts. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01283.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 490JD UT WOS:000269496100003 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Breece, M Atcheson, M Kieffer, M Mangold, M AF Kynard, B. Breece, M. Atcheson, M. Kieffer, M. Mangold, M. TI Life history and status of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Potomac River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MERRIMACK RIVER; MASSACHUSETTS AB P>We collected the first life history information on shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in any of the rivers to Chesapeake Bay, the geographic center of the species range. In the Potomac River, two telemetry-tagged adult females used 124 km of river: a saltwater/freshwater reach at river km (rkm) 63-141 was the foraging-wintering concentration area, and one female migrated to spawn at rkm 187 in Washington, DC. The spawning migration explained the life history context of an adult captured 122 years ago in Washington, DC, supporting the idea that a natal population once lived in the river. Repeated homing migrations to foraging and wintering areas suggested the adults were residents, not transient coastal migrants. All habitats that adults need to complete life history are present in the river. The Potomac River shortnose sturgeon offers a rare opportunity to learn about the natural rebuilding of a sturgeon population. C1 [Kynard, B.] BK Riverfish LLC, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Kynard, B.; Breece, M.; Atcheson, M.; Kieffer, M.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Mangold, M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), BK Riverfish LLC, 28 Echo Hill Rd, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM drboyd@nrc.umass.edu FU NPS; NMFS FX The research was supported by a NRPP grant from the NPS to USGS with additional funding from NMFS and NPS. Steve Minkkinen (FWS, MFRO) provided logistic support and MFRO staff provided field assistance. Assistance was also provided by the Washington Aqueduct Authority (USCOE), NPS, and the Fletcher's Landing Concession. D. Pavek (NPS) was the Project Manager. Sturgeons were studied under the NOAA Fisheries Scientific Collection Permit no. 1444 to the FWS. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01224.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 490JD UT WOS:000269496100007 ER PT J AU Grohs, KL Klumb, RA Chipps, SR Wanner, GA AF Grohs, K. L. Klumb, R. A. Chipps, S. R. Wanner, G. A. TI Ontogenetic patterns in prey use by pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River, South Dakota and Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORT-RANDALL DAM; GASTRIC LAVAGE METHOD; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-ALBUS; GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS; FEEDING STRATEGY; HABITAT USE; DOWNSTREAM; FISHES; DIET AB P>The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) is an endangered species native to the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. To date, recovery efforts have focused on stocking juvenile fish, but little is known about ontogenetic changes in diet composition. Although diet composition for pallid sturgeon is believed to change from macroinvertebrates to fish, it is unclear at what size and/or age these ontogenetic diet shifts occur. To evaluate diet composition, 29 hatchery-stocked pallid sturgeon (range 356-720 mm fork length [FL]; mean = 549; SE = 23) were collected from the Missouri River downstream of Fort Randall Dam, South Dakota and Nebraska during summer 2006. The majority of pallid sturgeon (72%) were captured within a large delta region formed by the Niobrara River in the headwaters of Lewis and Clark Lake. Predominant prey of pallid sturgeon based on percent occurrence was Ceratopogonidae (81%), Isonychiidae (67%), Chironomidae (52%), and fishes (24%). Percent composition by wet weight showed that diets were composed of fishes (68%), Ephemeroptera (23%), Decapoda (6%), and Diptera (3%). Graphical analysis of combined data showed that mayflies, particularly Isonychiidae, were an important component of pallid sturgeon diets. Nonetheless, the percent composition of fishes in the diet increased with pallid sturgeon body size; for fish > 600 mm FL (5-7 years of age) diets were composed primarily of fish prey (66%, mostly johnny darters Etheostoma nigrum). These findings highlight the importance of ontogenetic changes in diet composition for pallid sturgeon. Moreover, the unique habitat formed in the delta region is characterized by higher fish and invertebrate densities that may enhance foraging opportunities and thus improve recovery efforts for stocked pallid sturgeon. C1 [Grohs, K. L.; Klumb, R. A.; Wanner, G. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. [Chipps, S. R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Grohs, KL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM Kristen_Grohs@fws.gov OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; State Wildlife Grants Program [T-24-R]; U. S. Geological Survey, Western Area Power Administration; South Dakota State University Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences FX We thank Wayne Stancill and Dane Shuman at the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Great Plains Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office for assistance with field work. We also thank Steve Heutmaker, Sean McAlpin, Cody Warner, Brian Korman, Jessica Meisenholder, Scott Sindelar, and Josh Cloeter for assistance with field and lab work. We also thank Wayne Stancill for reviewing early drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the State Wildlife Grants Program (Project T-24-R Study No. 2424) administered through the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, the U. S. Geological Survey, Western Area Power Administration, and South Dakota State University Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01279.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 490JD UT WOS:000269496100009 ER PT J AU Craig, JM Papoulias, DM Thomas, MV Annis, ML Boase, J AF Craig, J. M. Papoulias, D. M. Thomas, M. V. Annis, M. L. Boase, J. TI Sex assignment of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fluvescens) based on plasma sex hormone and vitellogenin levels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURED WHITE STURGEON; ST-CLAIR RIVER; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; STEROID-LEVELS; FULVESCENS; STAGE; MICHIGAN; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMONTANUS AB P>This study focused on identifying the sex of lake sturgeon by measuring the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the phosphoprotein vitellogenin (Vtg) in blood plasma by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and evaluating these techniques as tools in lake sturgeon population management. Surveys of the St Clair River (SCR) lake sturgeon population have characterized it as rebounding by having steady or increasing recruitment since 1997. However, researchers have not been able to effectively determine the sex for most of the sturgeon they capture because few fish caught during surveys are releasing gametes. A total of 115 fish were sampled from May through June in 2004 and 2005 from the SCR, Michigan, USA. Of these, only four females and eight males were verified (i.e. they were releasing gametes at time of capture), resulting in very few fish with which to validate blood hormone and Vtg biomarkers of sex. Fifty-six percent of the fish were assigned a sex designation based on biomarker criteria. Correspondence between actual gonadal sex and biomarker-directed classification was good for the small subset of fish for which gonadal sex was definitively determined. Moreover, application of the steroid values in a predictive sex assignment model developed for white sturgeon misclassified only the same two fish that were misclassified with the steroid and Vtg biomarkers. The experimental results suggest a sex ratio of 1 : 2.7 (F:M), however more conclusive methods are needed to confirm this ratio because so few fish were available for sex validation. Of the 43 males, 14 were within the legal slot limit, 11 were smaller than 1067 mm total length (TL), and 18 were larger than 1270 mm TL. All 15 females were larger than 1270 mm TL, and thus protected by the slot limit criteria. Considering that lake sturgeon are threatened in Michigan, an advantage to using blood plasma assays was that fish were not harmed, and sample collection was quick, simple, and inexpensive. However, because a sufficiently large number of fish could not be validated for gonadal sex due to handling restrictions given the fish's protected status, assignment of sex is not based on a robust multi-variate model. An immediate alternative may be to use other non-invasive field methods (e.g. ultrasound, fiber-optic endoscope) to provide a more timely classification while establishing well-validated plasma hormone and Vtg-based predictive models for sex assignment of lake sturgeon. C1 [Papoulias, D. M.; Annis, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Craig, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Thomas, M. V.] Lake St Clair Fisheries Res Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Mt Clemens, MI USA. [Boase, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fishery Resources Off, Alpena, MI USA. RP Papoulias, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dpapoulias@usgs.gov FU MDNR [F-81R-6]; USGS through its Science Support Program (SSP); USFWS FX We thank the crew of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources research vessel 'Channel Cat' for capturing and handling lake sturgeon in the North Channel of the St Clair River and for providing work space for on-board sample preparation; Jeff Allen, Glen Black, Jerrine Nichols, and Rich Quintal of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center for blood sample collection; and Vanessa Velez and Justin Buckler of the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center for conducting hormone analyses. Funding for the MDNR sturgeon sampling (Michigan F-81R-6, Study 491) was provided in part by the Federal Aid in Sport Fishery Restoration Act. Funding for hormone analyses was funded by the USGS through its Science Support Program (SSP) in support of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) recovery efforts for the lake sturgeon. We thank Jerry McClain of the USFWS for his support as Project Officer for the SSP. This is contribution #1525 of the USGS, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01289.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 490JD UT WOS:000269496100011 ER PT J AU Wei, QW Kynard, B Yang, DG Chen, XH Du, H Shen, L Zhang, H AF Wei, Q. W. Kynard, B. Yang, D. G. Chen, X. H. Du, H. Shen, L. Zhang, H. TI Using drift nets to capture early life stages and monitor spawning of the Yangtze River Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE STURGEON; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; LAKE STURGEON; GEZHOUBA DAM; HISTORY; MASSACHUSETTS; CONSERVATION; MOVEMENT; FLOW AB P>A sampling system for capturing sturgeon eggs using a D-shaped bottom anchored drift net was used to capture early life stages (ELS) of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, and monitor annual spawning success at Yichang on the Yangtze River, 1996-2004, before and just after the Three Gorges Dam began operation. Captured were 96 875 ELS (early life stages: eggs, yolk-sac larvae = eleuthero embryos, and larvae); most were eggs and only 2477 were yolk-sac larvae. Most ELS were captured in the main river channel and inside the bend at the Yichang spawning reach. Yolk-sac larvae were captured for a maximum of 3 days after hatching began, indicating quick dispersal downstream. The back-calculated day of egg fertilization over the eight years indicated a maximum spawning window of 23 days (20 October-10 November). Spawning in all years was restricted temporally, occurred mostly at night and during one or two spawning periods, each lasting several days. The brief temporal spawning window may reduce egg predation by opportunistic predators by flooding the river bottom with millions of eggs. During 1996-2002, the percentage of fertilized eggs in an annual 20-egg sample was between 63.5 to 94.1%; however, in 2003 the percentage fertilized was only 23.8%. This sudden decline may be related to the altered environmental conditions at Yichang caused by operation of the Three Gorges Dam. Further studies are needed to monitor spawning and changes in egg fertilization in this threatened population. C1 [Wei, Q. W.; Yang, D. G.; Chen, X. H.; Du, H.; Shen, L.; Zhang, H.] Chinese Acad Fisheries Sci, Key Lab Freshwater Biodivers Conservat & Utilizat, Minist Agr China, Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, Jingzhou City 434000, Hubei Province, Peoples R China. [Wei, Q. W.; Yang, D. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Peoples R China. [Wei, Q. W.; Yang, D. G.; Chen, X. H.; Du, H.; Shen, L.] Chinese Acad Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Ctr, Wuxi City, Peoples R China. [Kynard, B.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Wei, QW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Fisheries Sci, Key Lab Freshwater Biodivers Conservat & Utilizat, Minist Agr China, Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, 41 Jianghan Rd, Jingzhou City 434000, Hubei Province, Peoples R China. EM weiqw@yfi.ac.cn RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU Bureau of Fisheries (Ministry of Agriculture); Bureau of Fisheries (Hubei Province); Chinese sturgeon Nature Reserve, Yichang City (Hubei Province); National Natural Science Foundation of China [30490231, 39570564]; Three Gorges Project Office, State Department [1-03-02-01-03]; Ministry of Science and Technology [2000DIB50177, 2002DEA10004] FX We extend special thanks to Prof. Harald Rosenthal, President of World Sturgeon Conservation Society, for reviewing the manuscript and giving valuable suggestions for its improvement, to Kai Wang, Yongjiu Zhu, Fang Gan, Gang Luo, Mingjun Liao and other members of Conservation of Endangered Fish, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, for participating in field work. The initial drift net and velocity recorder were provided by the Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center. We received support from the Bureau of Fisheries (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Bureau of Fisheries (Hubei Province), and the Chinese sturgeon Nature Reserve, Yichang City (Hubei Province). The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30490231, No. 39570564), Compensatory Fund of Three Gorges Project Construction for Ecology and Environment of Three Gorges Project Office, State Department (No. 1-03-02-01-03), Program on Socio-beneficial Research Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2000DIB50177), and Program on Key and Basic Research Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2002DEA10004). NR 34 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01269.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 490JD UT WOS:000269496100017 ER PT J AU Sulak, KJ Randall, MT Edwards, RE Summers, TM Luke, KE Smith, WT Norem, AD Harden, WM Lukens, RH Parauka, F Bolden, S Lehnert, R AF Sulak, K. J. Randall, M. T. Edwards, R. E. Summers, T. M. Luke, K. E. Smith, W. T. Norem, A. D. Harden, W. M. Lukens, R. H. Parauka, F. Bolden, S. Lehnert, R. TI Defining winter trophic habitat of juvenile Gulf Sturgeon in the Suwannee and Apalachicola rivermouth estuaries, acoustic telemetry investigations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-DESOTOI; LIFE-HISTORY; BRACKISH-WATER; FLORIDA; MIGRATION; MOVEMENTS; GROWTH; USA; MISSISSIPPI AB P>Three automated listening post-telemetry studies were undertaken in the Suwannee and Apalachicola estuaries to gain knowledge of habitats use by juvenile Gulf Sturgeons (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) on winter feeding grounds. A simple and reliable method for external attachment of small acoustic tags to the dorsal fin base was developed using shrink-tubing. Suspending receivers on masts below anchored buoys improved reception and facilitated downloading; a detection range of 500-2500 m was realized. In the Apalachicola estuary, juvenile GS stayed in shallow water (< 2 m) within the estuarine transition zone all winter in the vicinity of the Apalachicola River mouth. Juvenile GS high-use areas did not coincide with high density benthic macrofauna areas from the most recent (1999) benthos survey. In the Suwannee estuary, juveniles ranged widely and individually throughout oligohaline to mesohaline subareas of the estuary, preferentially using mesohaline subareas seaward of Suwannee Reef (52% of acoustic detections). The river mouth subarea was important only in early and late winter, during the times of adult Gulf Sturgeon migrations (41% of detections). Preferred winter feeding subareas coincided spatially with known areas of dense macrofaunal benthos concentrations. Following a dramatic drop in air and water temperatures, juvenile GS left the river mouth and estuary, subsequently being detected 8 km offshore in polyhaline open Gulf of Mexico waters, before returning to the estuary. Cold-event offshore excursions demonstrate that they can tolerate full-salinity polyhaline waters in the open Gulf of Mexico, for at least several days at a time. For juvenile sturgeons, the stress and metabolic cost of enduring high salinity (Jarvis et al., 2001; McKenzie et al., 2001; Singer and Ballantyne, 2002) for short periods in deep offshore waters seems adaptively advantageous relative to the risk of cold-event mortality in shallow inshore waters of lower salinity. Thus, while juveniles can tolerate high salinities for days to weeks to escape cold events, they appear to make only infrequent use of open polyhaline waters. Throughout the winter foraging period, juvenile GS stayed primarily within the core area of Suwannee River mouth influence, extending about 12 km north and south of the river mouth, and somewhat seaward of Suwannee Reef (< 5 km offshore). None were detected departing the core area past either of the northern or southern acoustic gates, located 66 and 52 km distant from the river mouth, respectively. C1 [Sulak, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Randall, M. T.; Norem, A. D.; Lukens, R. H.] USGS, Jacobs Technol Inc, Gainesville, FL USA. [Parauka, F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL USA. [Bolden, S.] NOAA Off Protected Resources, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Lehnert, R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, E Point, FL USA. RP Sulak, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM kensulak@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 505 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01333.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 496MF UT WOS:000269977600001 ER PT J AU Hallmann, N Burchell, M Schone, BR Irvine, GV Maxwell, D AF Hallmann, Nadine Burchell, Meghan Schoene, Bernd R. Irvine, Gail V. Maxwell, David TI High-resolution sclerochronological analysis of the bivalve mollusk Saxidomus gigantea from Alaska and British Columbia: techniques for revealing environmental archives and archaeological seasonality SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Seasonality; Shellfish harvesting; Bivalve growth; Sclerochronology; Stable isotopes; Pacific Northwest; Paleoclimate ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN GULF; SHELL GROWTH; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PHACOSOMA-JAPONICUM; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURE; ARAGONITE; MEXICO AB The butter clam, Saxidomus gigantea, is one of the most commonly recovered bivalves from archaeological shell middens on the Pacific Coast of North America. This study presents the results of the sclerochronology of modern specimens of S. gigantea, collected monthly from Pender Island (British Columbia), and additional modern specimens from the Dundas Islands (BC) and Mink and Little Takli Islands (Alaska). The methods presented can be used as a template to interpret local environmental conditions and increase the precision of seasonality estimates in shellfish using sclerochronology and oxygen isotope analysis. This method can also identify, with a high degree of accuracy, the date of shell collection to the nearest fortnightly cycle, the time of day the shell was collected and the approximate tidal elevation (i.e., approx. water depth and distance from the shoreline) from which the shell was collected. Life-history traits of S. gigantea were analyzed to understand the timing of growth line formation, the duration of the growing season, the growth rate, and the reliability of annual increments. We also examine the influence of the tidal regime and freshwater mixing in estuarine locations and how these variables can affect both incremental structures and oxygen isotope values. The results of the sclerochronological analysis show that there is a latitudinal trend in shell growth that needs to be considered when using shells for seasonality studies. Oxygen isotope analysis reveals clear annual cycles with the most positive values corresponding to the annual winter growth lines, and the most negative values corresponding to high temperatures during the summer. Intra-annual increment widths demonstrate clear seasonal oscillations with broadest increments in summer and very narrow increments or no growth during the winter months. This study provides new insights into the biology, geochemistry and seasonal growth of S. gigantea, which are crucial for paleoclimate reconstructions and interpreting seasonality patterns of past human collection. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallmann, Nadine; Schoene, Bernd R.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Dept Appl & Analyt Paleontol INCREMENTS, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Burchell, Meghan] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hallmann, N (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Dept Appl & Analyt Paleontol INCREMENTS, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, Johann Joachim Becherweg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM meiern@uni-mainz.de RI Schone, Bernd/B-6294-2011 FU The Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Social Sciences Humanities Research Council of Canada; Andrew Martindale (University of British Columbia); German Research Foundation, DFG [SCHO 793/3]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX Shannon Wood (Simon Fraser University) is kindly acknowledged for providing access to archaeological shells from the Pender Canal Site and laboratory space. We thank Aubrey Cannon (McMaster University) who provided resources at the Fisheries Archaeology Research Centre funded by The Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Social Sciences Humanities Research Council of Canada, and Andrew Martindale (University of British Columbia) for inviting us to work on the Dundas Islands Project. We thank Henry Schwarcz for helpful comments on preparing this manuscript and reviews of the draft manuscript by Dr. Jeanne Schaaf and Dr. ALA. Johnson. We also wish to acknowledge the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for providing the sea surface temperature data (NOAA_OI_SST_V2 data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov). Financial support for this study was provided by the German Research Foundation, DFG (SCHO 793/3) to BRS; the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service to GVL Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the U.S. government. This is Geocycles publication number 620. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2353 EP 2364 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2009.06.018 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 496TQ UT WOS:000270001900030 ER PT J AU DeFalco, LA Esque, TC Kane, JM Nicklas, MB AF DeFalco, L. A. Esque, T. C. Kane, J. M. Nicklas, M. B. TI Seed banks in a degraded desert shrubland: Influence of soil surface condition and harvester ant activity on seed abundance SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Granivores; Mojave Desert; Restoration; Reseeding; Seed banks ID ANNUAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ARID GRAZING LANDS; MOJAVE-DESERT; INNER-MONGOLIA; CENTRAL AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; VEGETATION; STEPPE; DYNAMICS; RODENTS AB We compared seed banks between two contrasting anthropogenic surface disturbances (compacted, trenched) and adjacent undisturbed controls to determine whether site condition influences viable seed densities of perennial and annual Mojave Desert species. Viable seeds of perennials were rare in undisturbed areas (3-4 seeds/m(2)) and declined to <1 seed/m(2) within disturbed sites. Annual seed densities were an order of magnitude greater than those of perennials, were one-third the undisturbed seed densities on compacted sites, but doubled on trenched sites relative to controls. On trenched sites, greater litter cover comprising the infructescences of the dominant spring annuals, and low gravel content, enhanced seed densities of both annuals and perennials. Litter cover and surface ruggedness were the best explanations for viable perennial seed densities on compacted sites, but litter cover and the presence of a common harvester ant explained annual seed densities better than any other surface characteristics that were examined. Surface disturbances can have a varied impact on the condition of the soil surface in and lands. Nevertheless, the consistently positive relationship between ground cover of litter and viable seed density emphasizes the importance of litter as an indicator of site degradation and recovery potential in arid lands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [DeFalco, L. A.; Esque, T. C.; Kane, J. M.; Nicklas, M. B.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP DeFalco, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM lesley_defalco@usgs.gov RI Kane, Jeffrey/G-7426-2011 FU US Army; Integrated Training Area Management; United States Department of Interior Landscape Science Initiative (Mojave); Invasive Species Program, and Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems FX We are grateful to many individuals that assisted in the field, laboratory and greenhouse on this project including K. Coulson, T. Draper, M. Garnett, I. Jacobs, R. Kipp, J. Lissow, A. Nilsson, G. Reese, S. Scoles-Sciulla, K. Smith, B. Waitman, and U. Wijayratne. J. Draper and E. Orling generously provided assistance in the greenhouse, and P. Griffiths provided guidance on soil particle size analyses. We especially thank R. Sparks, M. Hamilton, M. "Sharky" Hopkins, P. Dolan and G. Morrissette at US Army Integrated Training Area Management for their support and logistical assistance on site. J. Cassel of Johnson Controls helped us maximize our time in the field in conjunction with the military training schedule. We also thank J. BeInap, K. Thomas, J. Yee, D. Housman, K. Phillips and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by US Army, Integrated Training Area Management, United States Department of Interior Landscape Science Initiative (Mojave), Invasive Species Program, and Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 82 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 10 BP 885 EP 893 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.017 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477LP UT WOS:000268520900002 ER PT J AU Fisher, J Cole, KL Anderson, RS AF Fisher, J. Cole, K. L. Anderson, R. S. TI Using packrat middens to assess grazing effects on vegetation change SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Desert grassland; Grazing effects; Grazing history; Packrat middens; Species diversity ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; HOLOCENE VEGETATION; ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS; DESERT SHRUBS; ARIZONA; USA; UTAH; SUCCESSION; COMMUNITY AB Research on grazing effects usually compares the same sites through time or grazed and ungrazed sites over the same time period. Both approaches are complicated in arid environments where grazing can have a long undocumented history and landscapes can be spatially heterogenous. This work employs both approaches simultaneously by comparing grazed and ungrazed samples through both time and space using fossil plant macrofossils and pollen from packrat middens. A series of 27 middens, spanning from 995 yr BP to the present, were collected from Glen Canyon in southeastern Utah, USA. These middens detail vegetation change just prior to, and following, the historical introduction of domesticated grazers and also compares assemblages from nearby ungrazable mesas. Pre-grazing middens, and modern middens from ungrazed areas, record more native grasses, native herbs, and native shrubs such as Rhus trilobata, Amelanchier utahensis, and Shepherdia rotundifolia than modern middens from grazed areas. Ordinations demonstrate that site-to-site variability is more important than any temporal changes, making selection of comparable grazed versus ungrazed study treatments difficult. But within similar sites, the changes through time show that grazing lowered the number of taxa recorded, and lessened the pre-existing site differences, homogenizing the resultant plant associations in this desert grassland. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cole, K. L.] USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fisher, J.; Anderson, R. S.] No Arizona Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Anderson, R. S.] No Arizona Univ, Quaternary Sci Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cole, KL (reprint author), USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM nightbloomingcactus@yahoo.com; ken_cole@usgs.gov; scott.anderson@nau.edu FU USGS/NPS FX Valuable field assistance was received from John Cannella, Charles Drost, John Spence, and Tim Graham. Sandy Swift and William Cole assisted in the lab and helpful reviews were received from Dave Mattson, Jeff Lovich and anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided through the USGS/NPS project: "Develop new resource indicators to monitor domestic livestock grazing impacts". NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 10 BP 937 EP 948 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.006 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477LP UT WOS:000268520900009 ER PT J AU Ruggerone, GT Nielsen, JL Agler, BA AF Ruggerone, G. T. Nielsen, J. L. Agler, B. A. TI Linking marine and freshwater growth in western Alaska Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; compensatory growth; enhanced growth; salmon recovery; scales ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; TO-ADULT SURVIVAL; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; PINK SALMON; SMOLT SIZE; POSTSMOLT GROWTH; PACIFIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The hypothesis that growth in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is dependent on previous growth was tested using annual scale growth measurements of wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returning to the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers, Alaska, from 1964 to 2004. First-year marine growth in individual O. tshawytscha was significantly correlated with growth in fresh water. Furthermore, growth during each of 3 or 4 years at sea was related to growth during the previous year. The magnitude of the growth response to the previous year's growth was greater when mean year-class growth during the previous year was relatively low. Length (eye to tail fork, L-ETF) of adult O. tshawytscha was correlated with cumulative scale growth after the first year at sea. Adult L-ETF was also weakly correlated with scale growth that occurred during freshwater residence 4 to 5 years earlier, indicating the importance of growth in fresh water. Positive growth response to previous growth in O. tshawytscha was probably related to piscivorous diet and foraging benefits of large body size. Faster growth among O. tshawytscha year classes that initially grew slowly may reflect high mortality in slow growing fish and subsequent compensatory growth in survivors. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in this study exhibited complex growth patterns showing a positive relationship with previous growth and a possible compensatory response to environmental factors affecting growth of the age class. C1 [Ruggerone, G. T.] Nat Resources Consultants, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Nielsen, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Agler, B. A.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Mark Tag & Age Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Ruggerone, GT (reprint author), Nat Resources Consultants, 4039 21st Ave W,Suite 404, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. EM GRuggerone@nrccorp.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06FP0387]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; U.S. Geological Survey's Global Change Initiative Program FX The manuscript was partially prepared under award NA06FP0387 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, administered by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. This investigation was funded by the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative and the U.S. Geological Survey's Global Change Initiative Program. We thank ADFG biologists, especially D. Molyneaux, who provided access to numerous reports. We also appreciate efforts to gather, measure and catalogue scales by D. Folletti, M. Lovejoy, A. Norman, D. Oxman, W. Rosky and W. Whelan. Constructive comments on the manuscript were provided by S. Goodman, P. Hagen, E. Ivaska and two anonymous reviewers. Use of any trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U. S. Department of Interior or the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1287 EP 1301 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02364.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 516ED UT WOS:000271523700012 PM 20738615 ER PT J AU Kocan, R Hershberger, P Sanders, G Winton, J AF Kocan, R. Hershberger, P. Sanders, G. Winton, J. TI Effects of temperature on disease progression and swimming stamina in Ichthyophonus-infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE climate change; disease; Ichthyophonus; salmonid; swimming performance; temperature ID CHINOOK SALMON; PUGET-SOUND; HOFERI; PERFORMANCE; MYCOBACTERIUM; POPULATIONS; PARASITES; EXERCISE; ROCKFISH; ECOLOGY AB Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were infected with Ichthyophonus sp. and held at 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C for 28 days to monitor mortality and disease progression. Infected fish demonstrated more rapid onset of disease, higher parasite load, more severe host tissue reaction and reduced mean-day-to-death at higher temperature. In a second experiment, Ichthyophonus-infected fish were reared at 15 degrees C for 16 weeks then subjected to forced swimming at 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Stamina improved significantly with increased temperature in uninfected fish; however, this was not observed for infected fish. The difference in performance between infected and uninfected fish became significant at 15 degrees C (P = 0.02) and highly significant at 20 degrees C (P = 0.005). These results have implications for changes in the ecology of fish diseases in the face of global warming and demonstrate the effects of higher temperature on the progression and severity of ichthyophoniasis as well as on swimming stamina, a critical fitness trait of salmonids. This study helps explain field observations showing the recent emergence of clinical ichthyophoniasis in Yukon River Chinook salmon later in their spawning migration when water temperatures were high, as well as the apparent failure of a substantial percentage of infected fish to successfully reach their natal spawning areas. C1 [Kocan, R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hershberger, P.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA USA. [Sanders, G.; Winton, J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Sanders, G.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Hlth Sci Ctr T 160, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kocan, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kocan@u.washington.edu FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystem Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX The rainbow trout and the tissues used to initiate Ichthyophonus infections in the laboratory were the kind gift of Clear Springs Foods, Buhl, Idaho, USA; historical Yukon River temperature data courtesy of USGS-Anchorage, AK & US Fish & Wildlife Service - Fairbanks, AK, USA. Funding for this study was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project no. 070819 and the Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystem Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 32 IS 10 BP 835 EP 843 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01059.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 496MI UT WOS:000269977900003 PM 19570061 ER PT J AU Murchie, SL Seelos, FP Hash, CD Humm, DC Malaret, E McGovern, JA Choo, TH Seelos, KD Buczkowski, DL Morgan, MF Barnouin-Jha, OS Nair, H Taylor, HW Patterson, GW Harvel, CA Mustard, JF Arvidson, RE McGuire, P Smith, MD Wolff, MJ Titus, TN Bibring, JP Poulet, F AF Murchie, Scott L. Seelos, Frank P. Hash, Christopher D. Humm, David C. Malaret, Erick McGovern, J. Andrew Choo, Teck H. Seelos, Kimberly D. Buczkowski, Debra L. Morgan, M. Frank Barnouin-Jha, Olivier S. Nair, Hari Taylor, Howard W. Patterson, Gerald W. Harvel, Christopher A. Mustard, John F. Arvidson, Raymond E. McGuire, Patrick Smith, Michael D. Wolff, Michael J. Titus, Timothy N. Bibring, Jean-Pierre Poulet, Francois TI Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars investigation and data set from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's primary science phase SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DIVERSITY; MINERALS; DEPOSITS; OLIVINE; MISSION; REGION AB The part of the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer (CRISM) for Mars investigation conducted during the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's (MRO's) primary science phase was a comprehensive investigation of past aqueous environments, structure of the planet's crust, past climate, and current meteorology. The measurements to implement this investigation include over 9500 targeted observations of surface features taken at spatial resolutions of better than 40 m/pixel, monitoring of seasonal variations in atmospheric aerosols and trace gases, and acquisition of a 200 m/pixel map covering over 55% of Mars in 72 selected wavelengths under conditions of relatively low atmospheric opacity. Key results from these data include recognition of a diversity of aqueous mineral-containing deposits, discovery of a widespread distribution of phyllosilicates in early to middle Noachian units, the first definitive detection of carbonates in bedrock, new constraints on the sequence of events that formed Hesperian-aged, sulfate-rich layered deposits, characterization of seasonal polar processes, and monitoring of the 2007 global dust event. Here we describe CRISM's science investigations during the Primary Science Phase, the data sets that were collected and their calibration and uncertainties, and how they have been processed and made available to the scientific community. We also describe the ongoing investigation during MRO's extended science phase. C1 [Murchie, Scott L.; Seelos, Frank P.; Humm, David C.; McGovern, J. Andrew; Choo, Teck H.; Seelos, Kimberly D.; Buczkowski, Debra L.; Morgan, M. Frank; Barnouin-Jha, Olivier S.; Nair, Hari; Taylor, Howard W.; Patterson, Gerald W.; Harvel, Christopher A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Poulet, Francois] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Arvidson, Raymond E.; McGuire, Patrick] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hash, Christopher D.; Malaret, Erick] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Smith, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wolff, Michael J.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [McGuire, Patrick] Free Univ Berlin, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP Murchie, SL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Barnouin, Olivier/I-7475-2015; Seelos, Kimberly/F-4647-2015; Humm, David/B-8825-2016; Morgan, Frank/C-5246-2016; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016 OI McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Barnouin, Olivier/0000-0002-3578-7750; Seelos, Kimberly/0000-0001-7236-0580; Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X; Morgan, Frank/0000-0003-3166-7732; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X NR 45 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 114 AR E00D07 DI 10.1029/2009JE003344 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 502MM UT WOS:000270464400002 ER PT J AU Collins, BD Sitar, N AF Collins, Brian D. Sitar, Nicholas TI Geotechnical Properties of Cemented Sands in Steep Slopes SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID STRESS PATH; SOIL; CEMENTATION; STRENGTH; TESTS AB An investigation into the geotechnical properties specific to assessing the stability of weakly and moderately cemented sand cliffs is presented. A case study from eroding coastal cliffs located in central California provides both the data and impetus for this study. Herein, weakly cemented sand is defined as having an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of less than 100 kPa, and moderately cemented sand is defined as having UCS between 100 and 400 kPa. Testing shows that both materials fail in a brittle fashion and can be modeled effectively using linear Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters, although for weakly cemented sands, curvature of the failure envelope is more evident with decreasing friction and increasing cohesion at higher confinement. Triaxial tests performed to simulate the evolving stress state of an eroding cliff, using a reduction in confinement-type stress path, result in an order of magnitude decrease in strain at failure and a more brittle response. Tests aimed at examining the influence of wetting on steep slopes show that a 60% decrease in UCS, a 50% drop in cohesion, and 80% decrease in the tensile strength occurs in moderately cemented sand upon introduction to water. In weakly cemented sands, all compressive, cohesive, and tensile strength is lost upon wetting and saturation. The results indicate that particular attention must be given to the relative level of cementation, the effects of groundwater or surficial seepage, and the small-scale strain response when performing geotechnical slope stability analyses on these materials. C1 [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sitar, Nicholas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Collins, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Sitar, Nicholas/0000-0001-7253-5985 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology Team; University of California; Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative (CEQI); U.S. Geological Survey, Mendenhall Post-doctoral Program FX Funding for this research was provided by grants from the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology Team, the University of California, Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative (CEQI), and the U.S. Geological Survey, Mendenhall Post-doctoral Program. Thanks are due to Michael Riemer at the UC-Berkeley Geotechnical Laboratory who assisted with the initial phases of the geotechnical testing program. Reviews of initial drafts of this work by Jonathan Godt (USGS, Golden, Colorado), Robert Kayen (USGS, Menlo Park, California), Joseph Labuz (Univ. of Minnesota),and several anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 10 BP 1359 EP 1366 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000094 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 494VM UT WOS:000269847400001 ER PT J AU Sibley, SF AF Sibley, Scott F. TI Using US Geological Survey Data in Material Flow Analysis SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Minerals Informat Team, Natl Ctr 989, Mineral Commod Sect, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sibley, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Minerals Informat Team, Natl Ctr 989, Mineral Commod Sect, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ssibley@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 13 IS 5 BP 670 EP 673 DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00160.x PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522CA UT WOS:000271974100007 ER PT J AU Brown, SK Hull, JM Updike, DR Fain, SR Ernest, HB AF Brown, Sarah K. Hull, Joshua M. Updike, Douglas R. Fain, Steven R. Ernest, Holly B. TI BLACK BEAR POPULATION GENETICS IN CALIFORNIA: SIGNATURES OF POPULATION STRUCTURE, COMPETITIVE RELEASE, AND HISTORICAL TRANSLOCATION SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE black bear; colonization; gene flow; microsatellite; population genetic structure; translocation; Ursus americanus ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; URSUS-AMERICANUS; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; DIFFERENTIATION; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; SOFTWARE; MANAGEMENT AB The contemporary genetic structure of animal populations is sculpted by past events, including demographic bottlenecks and expansions and movement of animals by humans. In an analysis of microsatellite DNA of black bears (Ursus americanus; n = 540) across California, we discovered distinct population structure and genetic evidence of 2 historic colonization events. First, genotypes of bears sampled in southern California are most related to those from the Yosemite National Park region and not with spatially intervening populations. Historical records recount the translocation of 28 black bears from the Yosemite National Park area of the central Sierra Nevada to the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California in the 1930s. Second, before colonization of California by Europeans, the Central Coast region was inhabited by the now extinct California grizzly bear (Ursus arctos californiensis), but not black bears. Following an apparent competitive release and range expansion during the past century, black bears now inhabit the Central Coast region of California. Black bears in California's Central Coast display lower genetic diversity (founder effect) and a genetic signature most closely allied with black bears from the southern Sierra Nevada. In both these cases, molecular genetic techniques allowed historical reconstruction of anthropogenic events leading to changes in animal distributions. C1 [Brown, Sarah K.; Hull, Joshua M.; Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Updike, Douglas R.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Fain, Steven R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ernest, HB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, 258 CCAH, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hbernest@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Fish and Game; University of California Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Davis, California FX This research was supported by the California Department of Fish and Game and the University of California Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Davis, California. Thanks to all of those who contributed samples for this analysis, including B. Amado, D. Bowman, R. Brown, D. Buchanan, T. Burton, J. Bushly, F. Cox, R. Elliot, D. Graber, M. Harvey, M. Kie, W. Klein, K. McCurdy, H. Pierce, T. Scher, T. Stone, S. Thompson, J. P. Walker, H. Werner, R. Mazur, National Park Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and Hoopa Valley Indian Tribe. We appreciate the technical assistance of J. Well, J. Kurushima, K. Records, C. Williams, A. Irish, N. Fauzi, and T. Kun. Many thanks to M. Stephens, A. Drauch, E. Heske, R. Sweitzer, and anonymous reviewers who improved our paper by comments and insights. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 35 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1066 EP 1074 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-193.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 509GG UT WOS:000271002400004 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Jenks, JA Jacques, CN Klaver, RW Swanson, CC AF Grovenburg, Troy W. Jenks, Jonathan A. Jacques, Christopher N. Klaver, Robert W. Swanson, Christopher C. TI AGGRESSIVE DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR BY FREE-RANGING WHITE-TAILED DEER SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE defensive behavior; maternal investment; neonate; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer ID BIASED MATERNAL INVESTMENT; MULE DEER; SEX-RATIO; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; FAWNING SEASON; FALLOW DEER; MORTALITY; MAMMALS; ORGANIZATION AB Maternal investment plays a critical role in neonate survival, and adults can improve survival of offspring by defending them against predators. However, limited information exists documenting ungulate aggression toward humans in defense of neonates. During captures of neonates in spring 2007 and 2008 in north-central South Dakota, we documented 24 aggressive encounters by adult female and yearling male and female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) defending neonates. Eleven (45.8%) aggressive encounters included yearlings accompanying adult females. Mean ages and weights of neonates that were aggressively defended were greater (P < 0.0001) than ages and weights of those that were not; adults began protecting neonates at approximately 4 days of age. Male fawns were more likely (P = 0.013) to be defended than female fawns. Examination of our data suggests that sex- and age-biased maternal defensive behavior exists in white-tailed deer, and that deer biased maternal investment toward older, male neonates. C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Swanson, Christopher C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Jacques, Christopher N.] Bur Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-75-R-145, 7530]; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at South Dakota State University; Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund FX Our study was funded by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (project W-75-R-145, number 7530), administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at South Dakota State University and the Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund. We thank R. Stephens, G. Dixon, and J. Galbraith for field assistance during our study. We thank R. T. Bowyer and K. C. VerCaLlteren, who provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1218 EP 1223 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-360.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 509GG UT WOS:000271002400019 ER PT J AU von Biela, VR Gill, VA Bodkin, JL Burns, JM AF von Biela, Vanessa R. Gill, Verena A. Bodkin, James L. Burns, Jennifer M. TI PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN AGE AT FIRST REPRODUCTION OF FEMALE NORTHERN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS KENYONI) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE age at 1st reproduction; Alaska; demography; Enhydra lutris; life history; phenotypic plasticity; reproduction; sea otter ID LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; ELEPHANT SEALS; SEXUAL MATURITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE MAMMALS; BODY CONDITION; CEMENTUM; GROWTH; PATTERNS; PRIMIPARITY AB Life-history theory predicts that within a species, reproduction and survival rates will differ among populations that differ in resource availability or predation rates through phenotypic plasticity. When populations are near carrying capacity (K) or when they are declining due to reduced prey resources, the average age at 1st reproduction (average AFR) is predicted to be older than in populations below K. Differences between the trajectories of northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) populations in Alaska provides an opportunity to examine phenotypic plasticity. Using premolar teeth or reproductive tracts, we estimated average AFR from demographically distinct populations of sea otters in Alaska. We obtained samples from 2 populations near K, Prince William Sound (PWS) and the Aleutian Archipelago (archived samples), and from 2 populations below K, the Kodiak Archipelago and Sitka. The average AFR was lower in populations below K (3.60 years +/- 0.16 SD) compared to those near K (4.21 +/- 0.13 years, P < 0.001), and differed among all populations, with the Aleutian population possessing the oldest average AFR (4.29 +/- 0.09 years) followed by PWS (4.05 +/- 0.24 years), Sitka (3.80 +/- 0.21 years), and Kodiak (3.19 +/- 0.37 years). The difference in average AFR among populations supports life-history theory and provides evidence of phenotypic plasticity in sea otters. Our findings highlight the value of using average AFR as a tool for monitoring mammalian populations. C1 [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Burns, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Bodkin, James L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP von Biela, VR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov RI Burns, Jennifer/C-4159-2013 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; North Pacific Marine Science Foundation; North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium FX We thank the many sample collectors from the Alaska Sea Otter and Steller Sea Lion Commission and the Alaska Marine Mammal Stranding Network. K. Schneider of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game provided reproductive data collected in Southwestern Alaska (1967-1971). J. W. Testa, D. H. Monson, D. Pfeiffer, and J. Prewitt provided support and useful comments that improved this manuscript. All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Alaska Anchorage (IACUC 2006Burns8). Financial support was provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation through the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 33 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1224 EP 1231 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-379.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 509GG UT WOS:000271002400020 ER PT J AU Rocque, DA Ben-David, M Barry, RP Winker, K AF Rocque, Deborah A. Ben-David, Merav Barry, Ronald P. Winker, Kevin TI Wheatear molt and assignment tests: ongoing lessons in using stable isotopes to infer origins SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GEOGRAPHIC ASSIGNMENT; MIGRATORY ANIMALS; RAPTOR FEATHERS; SIGNATURES; TRACERS; RATIOS C1 [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rocque, Deborah A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Barry, Ronald P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Winker, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Univ Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffksw@uaf.edu RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 150 IS 4 BP 931 EP 934 DI 10.1007/s10336-009-0433-z PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 500FI UT WOS:000270283700024 ER PT J AU Yabsley, MJ Keeler, SP Gibbs, SEJ McGraw, SN Hernandez, SM AF Yabsley, Michael J. Keeler, Shamus P. Gibbs, Samantha E. J. McGraw, Sabrina N. Hernandez, Sonia M. TI NEW SPECIES OF ISOSPORA FROM THE BLUE-CROWNED MOTMOT (MOMOTUS MOMOTA) FROM COSTA RICA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Two (33.3%) of 6 blue-crowned motmots (Momotus momota) sampled from Costa Rica were positive for a new species of Isospora. Oocysts of Isospora momotana n. sp. have a double. thick. yellow to orange, 2.3 mu m +/- 0.5 mu m (2-3 mu m) wall, contain I to 3 globular polar granules (1-4 mu m) are ovoid with heavy pitting on the outer surface, and measure 29.4 +/- 2.3 X 27.5 +/- 2.3 (25-33 X 23-31) with all average length:width ratio of 1.1 (1.0-1.35). Sporocysts are ovoid. contain a residuum composed of large, equal-sized granules, and measure 19.4 +/- 1.3 X 12.2 +/- 1.1 (16-22 X 10-14) with in average length: width ratio of 1.6 (1.2-1.91). A small rounded stieda body, Continuous With file sporocyst wall, and a prominent triangular substieda body are present. A second Isospora species was observed in I bird. but because only it few oocysts were present. it full description is not provided. This is the first report of coccidia from a motmot (Momotidae) and only file third Iypospora species described from the Coraciiformes. C1 [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Keeler, Shamus P.; McGraw, Sabrina N.; Hernandez, Sonia M.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Keeler, Shamus P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gibbs, Samantha E. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Hernandez, Sonia M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Yabsley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM myabsley@uga.edu RI Keeler, Shamus/A-3237-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1191 DI 10.1645/GE-2030.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 522RH UT WOS:000272015500024 PM 19469584 ER PT J AU Pullen, RR Bouska, WW Campbell, SW Paukert, CP AF Pullen, Rebecca R. Bouska, Wesley W. Campbell, Scott W. Paukert, Craig P. TI Bothriocephalus acheilognathi and Other Intestinal Helminths of Cyprinella lutrensis in Deep Creek, Kansas SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAROLINA COOLING RESERVOIR; ASIAN FISH TAPEWORM; CHUB GILA-ELEGANS; RHABDOCHONA RAILLIET; 1916 NEMATODA; NORTH; INFECTION; DYNAMICS; CESTODA; GROWTH AB We investigated the intestinal parasites of,I wild fish Population in a Kansas stream to determine the prevalence and abundance of potentially harmful parasites. In total, 180 red shiners (Cyprinella lutrensis) were collected from 6 sites in October-November 2007, Fifteen Asian tapeworms (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) were recovered from 13 fish (prevalence of 7.2%). Prevalence did not differ among sites; however, B. acheilognathi abundance was greatest at the site of a public fishing area. A total of 39 roundworms (Rhabdochona canadensis) were recovered from 28 fish (prevalence of 15.6%). Prevalence did not differ among sites. nor did abundance. However. mean abundance tended to be about 50% greater at the site of a public fishing area compared to all other sites. This paper documents the presence of both B. acheilognathi and R. canadensis in Kansas and offers a compilation of the known potential impacts these parasites may have on the native, federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka). C1 [Pullen, Rebecca R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bouska, Wesley W.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Campbell, Scott W.] Univ Kansas, Kansas Biol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pullen, RR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, O222 Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rpullen@vet.ksu.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1224 EP 1226 DI 10.1645/GE-1891.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 522RH UT WOS:000272015500034 PM 19366281 ER PT J AU Metcalf, CK Wilkerson, SD Harman, WA AF Metcalf, Christopher K. Wilkerson, Shawn D. Harman, William A. TI Bankfull Regional Curves for North and Northwest Florida Streams1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE natural channel design; surface water hydrology; fluvial processes; geomorphology; stream restoration; regional curves; coastal plain ID HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS; RECURRENCE INTERVALS; CLASSIFICATION; RIVERS; DISCHARGE; CAROLINA AB Regional curves, which relate bankfull channel dimensions and discharge to watershed drainage area, are developed to aid in identifying the bankfull stage in ungaged watersheds, and estimating the bankfull discharge and dimensions for river studies and natural channel design applications. This study assessed 26 stable stream reaches in two hydro-physiographic regions of the Florida Coastal Plain: the Northwest Florida Coastal Plain (NWFCP) and the North Florida Coastal Plain (NFCP). Data from stream reaches in Georgia and Alabama were also used to develop the Florida regional curves, since they are located in the same hydro-physiographic region. Reaches were selected based on the presence of U.S. Geological Survey gage stations and indicators of limited watershed development (e.g., < 10% impervious surface). Analyses were conducted to determine bankfull channel dimensions, bankfull discharge, average channel slope, and Rosgen stream classification. Based on these data, significant relationships were found between bankfull cross-sectional area, width, mean depth, and discharge as a function of drainage area for both regions. Data from this study suggested that bankfull discharges and channel dimensions were larger from NWFCP streams than from Coastal Plain streams in North Carolina and Maryland. Bankfull discharges were similar between NFCP and Georgia coastal plain streams; therefore, the data were combined into one regional curve. In addition, the data were stratified by Rosgen stream type. This stratification strengthened the relationships of bankfull width and mean depth as a function of drainage area. C1 [Metcalf, Christopher K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Wilkerson, Shawn D.] Wildlands Engn Inc, Ecol Serv, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [Harman, William A.] Michael Baker Engn Inc, Cary, NC 27511 USA. RP Metcalf, CK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM chris_metcalf@fws.gov FU State of Florida Department of Transportation FX This study was funded and prepared in cooperation with the State of Florida Department of Transportation. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the State of Florida Department of Transportation or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the many individuals involved in field work, data analysis, and assistance with the original manuscript, including: Kevin Tweedy, Ken Gilland, Steve Bevington, John Primm, and Scott Gregory. This project would not have been completed without their efforts. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1260 EP 1272 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00364.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 503PS UT WOS:000270550800016 ER PT J AU Jacobson, ER Berry, KH Stacy, B Huzella, LM Kalasinsky, VF Fleetwood, ML Mense, MG AF Jacobson, Elliott R. Berry, Kristin H. Stacy, Brian Huzella, Louis M. Kalasinsky, Victor F. Fleetwood, Michelle L. Mense, Mark G. TI OXALOSIS IN WILD DESERT TORTOISES, GOPHERUS AGASSIZII SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Calcium oxalate; desert tortoise; Gopherus agassizii; renal failure ID FREE-RANGING DESERT; RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; CALCIUM-OXALATE CRYSTALS; MYCOPLASMA-AGASSIZII; CALIFORNIA AB We necropsied a moribund, wild adult male desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) with clinical signs of respiratory disease and elevated plasma biochemical analytes indicative of renal disease (blood urea nitrogen [415 mg/dl], uric acid [11.8 mg/dl], sodium [>180 mmol/l] and chloride [139 mmol/l]). Moderate numbers of birefringent oxalate crystals, based on infrared and electron microscopy, were present within renal tubules; small numbers were seen in colloid within thyroid follicles. A retrospective analysis of 66 additional cases of wild desert tortoises was conducted to determine whether similar crystals were present in thyroid and kidney. The tortoises, from the Mojave and Sonoran deserts, were necropsied between 1992 and 2063 and included juveniles and adults. Tortoises were classified as healthy (those that died due to trauma and where no disease was identified after necropsy and evaluation by standard laboratory tests used for other tortoises) or not healthy (having one or more diseases or lesions). For all 67 necropsied tortoises, small numbers of crystals of similar appearance were present in thyroid glands from 44 of 54 cases (81%) and in kidneys; from three of 65 cases (5%). Presence of oxalates did not differ significantly between healthy and unhealthy tortoises, between age classes, or between desert region, and their presence was considered an incidental finding. Small numbers of oxalate crystals seen within the kidney of two additional tortoises also were considered an incidental finding. Although the source of the calcium oxalate could not be determined, desert tortoises are herbivores, and plant origin seems most likely. Studies are needed to evaluate the oxalate content of plants consumed by desert tortoises, and particularly those in the area where the tortoise in renal failure was found. C1 [Jacobson, Elliott R.; Stacy, Brian] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. [Huzella, Louis M.; Kalasinsky, Victor F.; Fleetwood, Michelle L.; Mense, Mark G.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Jacobson, ER (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jacobsonE@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 982 EP 988 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 520VN UT WOS:000271877700009 PM 19901374 ER PT J AU Joly, DO Samuel, MD Langenberg, JA Rolley, RE Keane, DP AF Joly, Damien O. Samuel, Michael D. Langenberg, Julia A. Rolley, Robert E. Keane, Delwyn P. TI SURVEILLANCE TO DETECT CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE IN WHITE-TAILED DEER IN WISCONSIN SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chronic wasting disease; disease surveillance; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; Wisconsin ID MULE DEER; SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBSTANTIATE FREEDOM; PATTERNS AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease affecting North American cervids, has been discovered in at least 12 states and provinces throughout the continent. Since 2002, a number of states and provinces have initiated surveillance programs to detect CWD in native cervid populations. However, many questions remain about the appropriate methods, geographic scope, and number of samples required for all effective CWD surveillance program. We provide,in improved statistical method to calculate the probability of detecting CWD:) in primary sample units (e.g., county or deer management unit) that also considers deer abundance and the nonrandom distribution of CWD and hunter harvests. We used this method to analyze data from a statewide CWD detection program conducted in Wisconsin during the autumns of 2002 and 2003 to determine the distribution Of CWD ill white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer heads were collected at hunter registration stations, and brainstem (obex) and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were removed for disease testing. Our analysis includes samples from >35,000 deer collected outside the known affected area. The probability of detecting chronic wasting disease at a prevalence of 1% varied from 0.89 to >= 0.99 among the 56 primary sample units. Detection probabilities for 1% CWD prevalence were >0.9 in 55 primary sample units, and >0.99 in 10. Detection probabilities will he higher in areas where CWD prevalence exceeds 1%. CWD-positive deer were detected in eight primary sample units surrounding the known affected area during surveillance activities. Our approach provides a novel statistical technique to accommodate nonrandom sampling in wildlife disease surveillance programs. C1 [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Joly, Damien O.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Langenberg, Julia A.; Rolley, Robert E.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Keane, Delwyn P.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu FU US Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the >1,000 volunteers and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources staff who worked tirelessly to collect tissue samples; the Wisconsin Interagency Chronic Wasting Disease Task Force; the hunters who provided samples and participated in CWD management; and D. Otis, D. Diefenbach, C. A. Ribic, B. R. Patterson, D. Heisey, and two anonymous reviewers who provided comments on this manuscript. D. O. Joly's research fellowship was supported by funding from the US Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 989 EP 997 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 520VN UT WOS:000271877700010 PM 19901375 ER PT J AU Chaloupka, M Balazs, GH Work, TM AF Chaloupka, Milani Balazs, George H. Work, Thierry M. TI Rise and Fall over 26 Years of a Marine Epizootic in Hawaiian Green Sea Turtles SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; fibropapillomatosis; green sea turtle; marine epizootic ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; HERPESVIRUS; RECOVERY; DISEASE; POPULATION; ISLANDS; FLORIDA; TRENDS; AREAS AB Estimates of chronic disease prevalence are needed to improve our understanding of marine disease epizootiology, which is poorly known for marine megafauna such as marine turtles. An emerging worldwide threat to green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) is fibropapillomatosis (FP), which is a pandemic tumor-forming disease associated with herpesviruses. We report on a 26-yr FP epidemic in the Hawaiian Archipelag and show that apparent disease prevalence in the world's main endemic hot spot increased rapidly following a late 1980s outbreak, peaked during the mid-1990s, and then declined steadily ever since. While this disease is a major cause of sea turtle stranding in Hawaiian waters and can be fatal, we also show that long-term tumor regression can occur even for turtles with advanced FP. The endemic Hawaiian green turtle stock was severely depleted by overexploitation prior to protection under the US Endangered Species Act in 1978. This stock has increased significantly ever since, despite exposure to a major chronic disease epidemic that is currently declining. C1 [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Chaloupka, M (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv, PL POB 6150, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. EM m.chaloupka@uq.edu.au RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1142 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 520VN UT WOS:000271877700021 PM 19901386 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Muths, E Anderson, CW Kirshtein, JD Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Muths, Erin Anderson, Chauncey W. Kirshtein, Julie D. Corn, Paul Stephen TI Distribution Limits of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: A Case Study in the Rocky Mountains, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amphibian chytrid fungus; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; chytridiomycosis; pathogen reservoir; water sampling ID CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; PROBABILITY; AUSTRALIA; PATHOGEN; DECLINES; DISEASE; WATER AB Knowledge of the environmental constraints on a pathogen is critical to predicting its dynamics and effects on populations. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), an aquatic fungus that has been linked with widespread amphibian declines, is ubiquitous in the Rocky Mountains. As part of assessing the distribution limits of Bd in our study area, we sampled the water column and sediments for Bd zoospores in 30 high-elevation water bodies that lacked amphibians. All water bodies were in areas where Bd has been documented from neighboring, lower-elevation areas. We targeted areas lacking amphibians because existence of Bd independent of amphibians would have both ecologic and management implications. We did not detect Bd, which Supports the hypothesis that it does not live independently, of amphibians. However, assuming a detection sensitivity of 59.5% (based on sampling of water where amphibians tested positive for Bd), we only had 95% confidence of detecting Bd if it was in >= 16% of our sites. Further investigation into potential abiotic reservoirs is needed, but our results provide a strategic step in determining the distributional and environmental limitations of Bd in our study region. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Anderson, Chauncey W.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Kirshtein, Julie D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX Surveys were funded by the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. D. Campbell assisted with sampling in Colorado. Use of specific trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US government. We thank P. Murphy, S. Walls, and W. Barichivich for sharing their Unpublished data. Comments by M. Adams, B. Battaglin, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1198 EP 1202 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 520VN UT WOS:000271877700032 PM 19901397 ER EF