FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McGree, MM Winkelman, DL Vieira, NKM Vajda, AM AF McGree, Michelle M. Winkelman, Dana L. Vieira, Nicole K. M. Vajda, Alan M. TI Reproductive failure of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) after exposure to an exogenous estrogen SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; DANIO-RERIO; SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR AB Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been detected in surface waters worldwide and can lead to developmental and reproductive disruption in exposed fishes. In the US Great Plains, EDCs are impacting streams and rivers and may be causing adverse reproductive effects. To examine how estrogenic EDCs might affect reproductive success of plains fishes, we experimentally exposed male red shiners (Cyprinella lutrensis) to exogenous 17 beta-estradiol. We characterized the effects of estradiol on male gonadal histology and secondary sexual characteristics, determined whether exposure reduced reproductive success, and examined the effects of depuration. Adults were exposed to a mean concentration of 70 ng.L(-1) estradiol, a solvent control, or a water control for at least 83 days. Male exposure to estradiol resulted in elevated plasma vitellogenin concentrations, changes in spermatogenesis, reduced mating coloration and tubercles, altered mating behaviors, and reduced reproductive success with no viable progeny produced. Reproductive endpoints improved upon depuration (28 days). Exposure to estradiol had significant adverse effects on red shiners, indicating that wild populations may face developmental and reproductive difficulties if they are chronically exposed to estradiol. C1 [McGree, Michelle M.; Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Vieira, Nicole K. M.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Vajda, Alan M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP McGree, MM (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 600 Reservoir Rd, Pueblo, CO 81005 USA. EM michelle.mcgree@state.co.us FU Colorado Division of Wildlife; US Geological Survey; Colorado State University through the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank M. Brandt, B. Lankriet, and B. Wright for laboratory assistance; S. Brinkman, C. Myrick, and R. Veeramachaneni for providing equipment and technical expertise; and J. Bidwell, C. Shreck, and several anonymous reviewers for their valuable manuscript comments. This research was funded by the Colorado Division of Wildlife and supported by the US Geological Survey and Colorado State University through the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1730 EP 1743 DI 10.1139/F10-092 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676OG UT WOS:000283921200002 ER PT J AU McCollister, MF van Manen, FT AF McCollister, Matthew F. van Manen, Frank T. TI Effectiveness of Wildlife Underpasses and Fencing to Reduce Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE driver safety; fencing; habitat connectivity; transportation infrastructure; wildlife passageways; wildlife-vehicle collisions ID DETECTING WILDLIFE; HABITAT LINKAGES; DEER; ACCIDENTS; MAMMALS AB Transportation planners are increasingly incorporating roadway design features to mitigate impacts of highways on wildlife and to increase driver safety. We used camera and track surveys to evaluate wildlife use before and after construction of 3 wildlife underpasses and associated fencing on a new section of United States Highway 64 in Washington County, North Carolina, USA. We recorded 242 occasions of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of underpass areas before highway construction began. Following completion of the highway, we collected 2,433 photographs of 9 species with deer representing 93% of all crossings. Adjusting for differences in number of monitoring days, white-tailed deer use of underpass areas averaged 6.7 times greater after the new highway and underpasses were completed. We recorded 3,614 wildlife crossings of >= 20 species based on track counts, representing most medium and large mammals known to occur in the area and several reptiles and birds. After completion of the highway, we documented wildlife mortality due to vehicle collisions during a 13-month period and recorded 128 incidences representing >= 24 species. Within fenced highway segments, mortalities were lowest near underpasses and increased with distance from the underpasses. However, we also documented more mortalities in fenced areas compared with unfenced areas. With greater distance from an underpass, animals with smaller home ranges seemed less likely to reach the underpass and instead attempted to climb over or crawl under fencing. Based on collision reports from adjacent highway sections, the new section of United States Highway 64 experienced approximately 58% fewer wildlife mortalities (primarily white-tailed deer), suggesting underpasses and fencing reduced the number of deer-vehicle collisions. Continuous fencing between underpasses may further reduce the number of vehicle collisions for deer but additional design features (e.g., buried fencing) should be considered for other wildlife species. C1 [van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP McCollister, MF (reprint author), 2405 Henrietta Rd, Birmingham, AL 35223 USA. EM vanmanen@utk.edu FU NCDOT; NCWRC; Weyerhaeuser Company FX We thank NCDOT, NCWRC, and Weyerhaeuser Company for funding this study and for their cooperation. We particularly thank M. Jones of the NCWRC for his valuable help throughout the study. J. Nicholson helped collect much of the data while conducting a companion study and L. Thompson and J. Kindall collected preconstruction data. Many others assisted with this study in countless ways, including D. Cox, D. Davis, C. Olfenbuttel, C. Turner, B. White, and T. Wilson of the NCWRC; B. Hulka, D. Miller, and B. Barber of Weyerhaeuser Company; A. Burroughs of the NCDOT; and C. Lucash and F. Mauney of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank A. Saxton for his statistical expertise and J. D. Clark, D. A. Buehler, L. Muller, J. Peine, J. B. Wilkerson, and C. Snyder for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Field technicians were J. H. Harrelson, B. Augustine, R. Medford, D. Mauney, J. Hinton, and T. Nicholson. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 55 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1722 EP 1731 DI 10.2193/2009-535 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000010 ER PT J AU Tarr, NM Simons, TR Pollock, KH AF Tarr, Nathan M. Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI An Experimental Assessment of Vehicle Disturbance Effects on Migratory Shorebirds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barrier island; disturbance; habitat use; migration; off-highway vehicle; roosting; sanderling; shorebird; stopover ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; SANDERLINGS CALIDRIS-ALBA; NORTH-AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HABITAT USE; OYSTERCATCHERS; MANAGEMENT; SELECTION AB Off-road vehicle (ORV) traffic is one of several forms of disturbance thought to affect shorebirds at migration stopover sites. Attempts to measure disturbance effects on shorebird habitat use and behavior at stopover sites are difficult because ORV disturbance is frequently confounded with habitat and environmental factors. We used a before-after-control-impact experimental design to isolate effects of vehicle disturbance from shorebird responses to environmental and habitat factors. We manipulated disturbance levels within beach closures along South Core Banks, North Carolina, USA, and measured changes in shorebird abundance and location, as well as the activity of one focal species, the sanderling (Calidris alba), within paired control and impact plots. We applied a discrete treatment level of one flee-response-inducing event every 10 minutes on impact plots. We found that disturbance reduced total shorebird and black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola) abundance and reduced relative use of microhabitat zones above the swash zone (wet sand and dry sand) by sanderlings, black-bellied plovers, willets (Tringa semipalmata), and total shorebirds. Sanderlings and total shorebirds increased use of the swash zone in response to vehicle disturbance. Disturbance reduced use of study plots by sanderlings for resting and increased sanderling activity, but we did not detect an effect of vehicle disturbance on sanderling foraging activity. We provide the first estimates of how a discrete level of disturbance affects shorebird distributions among ocean beach microhabitats. Our findings provide a standard to which managers can compare frequency and intensity of disturbance events at other shorebird stopover and roosting sites and indicate that limiting disturbance will contribute to use of a site by migratory shorebirds. C1 [Tarr, Nathan M.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr,Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomath, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tarr, NM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr,Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Nathan_Tarr@ncsu.edu FU National Park Service; United States Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Park Service and the United States Geological Survey. We thank M. Rikard, J. Cordes, J. Altman, and the staff of Cape Lookout National Seashore for their assistance and support, J. Collazo and K. Gutzwiller for their valuable input, and A. Efird, N. Flood, M. Gilmour, R. Hamilton, and S. Stollery for assistance in the field. We also thank N. Warnock and an anonymous reviewer for their comments. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 38 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1776 EP 1783 DI 10.2193/2009-105 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000017 ER PT J AU Stanley, TR AF Stanley, Thomas R. TI Land Use and Small Mammal Predation Effects on Shortgrass Prairie Birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Program; edge effects; grassland birds; nest survival; Pawnee National Grassland; shortgrass prairie; small mammals ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NEST PREDATION; GRASSLAND BIRDS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; TRAPPING WEB; EDGE; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; VEGETATION AB Grassland birds endemic to the central shortgrass prairie ecoregion of the United States have experienced steep and widespread declines over the last 3 decades, and factors influencing reproductive success have been implicated. Nest predation is the major cause of nest failure in passerines, and nesting success for some shortgrass prairie birds is exceptionally low. The 3 primary land uses in the central shortgrass prairie ecoregion are native shortgrass prairie rangeland (62%), irrigated and nonirrigated cropland (29%), and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP, 8%). Because shortgrass-cropland edges and CRP may alter the community of small mammal predators of grassland bird nests, I sampled multiple sites on and near the Pawnee National Grasslands in northeast Colorado, USA, to evaluate 1) whether small mammal species richness and densities were greater in CRP fields and shortgrass prairie-cropland edges compared to shortgrass prairie habitats, and 2) whether daily survival probabilities of ground-nesting grassland bird nests were negatively correlated with densities of small mammals. Small mammal species richness and densities, estimated using trapping webs, were generally greater along edges and on CRP sites compared to shortgrass sites. Vegetation did not differ among edges and shortgrass sites but did differ among CRP and shortgrass sites. Daily survival probabilities of artificial nests at edge and CRP sites and natural nests at edge sites did not differ from shortgrass sites, and for natural nests small mammal densities did not affect nest survival. However, estimated daily survival probability of artificial nests was inversely proportional to thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) densities. In conclusion, these data suggest that although land-use patterns on the shortgrass prairie area in my study have substantial effects on the small mammal community, insufficient data existed to determine whether land-use patterns or small mammal density were affecting grassland bird nest survival. These findings will be useful to managers for predicting the effects of land-use changes in the shortgrass prairie on small mammal communities and avian nest success. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stanley, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM stanleyt@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6 FX I thank my technicians S. Cassidy, J. Crosby, C. Overton, and C. Zynel for their dedication and fine work. I thank S. Skagen and A. Yackel-Adams for useful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and I am grateful to Associate Editor A. J. Kroll and 2 anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the United States Geological Survey and United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1825 EP 1833 DI 10.2193/2009-396 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000023 ER PT J AU Grant, TA Madden, EM Shaffer, TL Dockens, JS AF Grant, Todd A. Madden, Elizabeth M. Shaffer, Terry L. Dockens, Johnida S. TI Effects of Prescribed Fire on Vegetation and Passerine Birds in Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire effects; grassland bird; habitat; mixed-grass prairie; North Dakota; prescribed fire; vegetation ID GREAT-PLAINS; SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DAKOTA; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; HISTORY; COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; USA AB Prescribed fire is used widely to manage grasslands on National Wildlife Refuges and other public lands in the northern Great Plains, but its effects on habitat use or production of wildlife in the region are poorly understood. During 1998-2003, we used point counts to examine effects of prescribed fire on vegetation and passerines in a mixed-grass prairie complex in north-central North Dakota, USA (n 5 7 units, each 40-70 ha). Vegetation structure and, to a lesser extent, plant community composition varied with year of study (likely related to changes in annual precipitation) and with number of growing seasons since fire. Fire altered plant structure, especially the amount of residual vegetation, which in turn influenced bird species richness and abundance. The number of indicated pairs for sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis), clay-colored sparrow (Spizella pallida), Le Conte's sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii), Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) were lowest during the first postfire growing season but generally increased and stabilized within 2-3 postfire growing seasons. Our results support the premise that grassland passerines are well-adapted to frequent, periodic fires, generally corresponding to those occurring prior to Euro-American settlement of the region. Prescribed fire is important for reducing tree and shrub invasion, restoring biological integrity of plant communities, and maintaining or enhancing populations of grassland-dependent bird species. Managers in the northern mixed-grass prairie region should not be overly concerned about reductions in bird abundances that are limited mostly to the first growing season after fire. C1 [Grant, Todd A.; Madden, Elizabeth M.; Dockens, Johnida S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upham, ND 58789 USA. [Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Grant, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Souris River Basin Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,6, Upham, ND 58789 USA. EM todd_grant@fws.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Region 6 Divisions of Refuges and Wildlife and Migratory Bird Management; United States Geological Survey; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Joint Fire Science Program FX Funding was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6 Divisions of Refuges and Wildlife and Migratory Bird Management, by the United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, and by the Joint Fire Science Program. We especially thank S. L. Jones for advice and funding. C. M. Aucoin, B. Bedard, G. B. Berkey, B. Cofell, K. J. Berg, K. M. Baus-Christopherson, M. J. Friel, J. Gault, S. L. Finkbeiner, K. M. Hansen, S. Kuzyk, R. A. Laubhan, S. A. Marshall, R. T. McManus, M. P. Nenneman, and J. J. Thury assisted with data collection. We thank R. K. Murphy, D. H. Johnson, K. M. Hogan, L. C. Coberly, and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1841 EP 1851 DI 10.2193/2010-006 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000025 ER PT J AU Hoffman, AS Heemeyer, JL Williams, PJ Robb, JR Karns, DR Kinney, VC Engbrecht, NJ Lanno, MJ AF Hoffman, Andrew S. Heemeyer, Jennifer L. Williams, Perry J. Robb, Joseph R. Karns, Daryl R. Kinney, Vanessa C. Engbrecht, Nathan J. Lanno, Michael J. TI Strong Site Fidelity and a Variety of Imaging Techniques Reveal Around-the-Clock and Extended Activity Patterns in Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus) SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crawfish frogs; Lithobates areolatus; activity patterns; circumdiel; video imaging ID NESTS; VIDEO AB Crawfish frogs (Lithobates areolatus) base their nonbreeding activities in and around the entrances of crayfish burrows. This site preference allows individual crawfish frogs to be monitored using still and video imaging techniques. We used three camera types offering different continuities, scales, and resolutions of data to observe the frogs' activity patterns and nonbreeding behaviors. Together, these techniques allowed us to observe two behaviors in crawfish frogs previously unreported for amphibians: (1) circumdiel activity patterns, and (2) long periods (days) of surface activity Although these behavioral findings are at this time specific to crawfish frogs, we suspect that they may not be unusual activity patterns for other frogs, as well. The use of imaging techniques that take advantage of these frogs' dependence on burrows and use of burrow entrances has allowed us to observe these patterns for the first time. C1 [Hoffman, Andrew S.; Karns, Daryl R.] Hanover Coll, Dept Biol, Hanover, IN USA. [Heemeyer, Jennifer L.; Kinney, Vanessa C.; Engbrecht, Nathan J.] Indiana State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Williams, Perry J.; Robb, Joseph R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Madison, IN USA. [Lanno, Michael J.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Terre Haute, IN USA. RP Hoffman, AS (reprint author), Hanover Coll, Dept Biol, Hanover, IN USA. EM heemeyerj@gmail.com FU Indiana Department of Natural Resources [E2-08-WDS13]; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Indiana University School of Medicine; Terre Haute Center for Medical Education; Burr Oak Biological, LLC; Rivers Institute at Hanover College FX We thank Katie Smith and Ron Ronk of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources for their support and for allowing us to work at Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area West. We also thank Ashley Buchanan, Lisa Maas, Casey Mefford, and the Jefferson County Department of Corrections for their fieldwork at Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge; Tenia Wheat for transcribing video; and Pete Lannoo for assistance in constructing the figures. Susan Johnson Lannoo commented on an earlier draft. This project was supported by State Wildlife Grant Number E2-08-WDS13 awarded by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources; a US Fish and Wildlife Service cost-share grant; a grant through the Rivers Institute at Hanover College; and funds obtained through the Indiana University School of Medicine, the Terre Haute Center for Medical Education, and Burr Oak Biological, LLC. Permits were granted by Linnea Petercheff of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 60 IS 10 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.10.9 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 675GC UT WOS:000283813700010 ER PT J AU McBride, JH Stephenson, WJ Williams, RA Odum, JK Worley, DM South, JV Brinkerhoff, AR Keach, RW Okojie-Ayoro, AO AF McBride, John H. Stephenson, William J. Williams, Robert A. Odum, Jack K. Worley, David M. South, John V. Brinkerhoff, A. Riley Keach, R. William, II Okojie-Ayoro, Anita O. TI Shallow subsurface structure of the Wasatch fault, Provo segment, Utah, from integrated compressional and shear-wave seismic reflection profiles with implications for fault structure and development SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SALT-LAKE; ZONE; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES; MIGRATION; FRONT; USA; TECTONICS; HISTORY; SIGNAL AB Integrated vibroseis compressional and experimental hammer-source, shear-wave, seismic reflection profiles across the Provo segment of the Wasatch fault zone in Utah reveal near-surface and shallow bedrock structures caused by geologically recent deformation. Combining information from the seismic surveys, geologic mapping, terrain analysis, and previous seismic first-arrival modeling provides a well-constrained cross section of the upper similar to 500 m of the subsurface. Faults are mapped from the surface, through shallow, poorly consolidated deltaic sediments, and cutting through a rigid bedrock surface. The new seismic data are used to test hypotheses on changing fault orientation with depth, the number of subsidiary faults within the fault zone and the width of the fault zone, and the utility of integrating separate elastic methods to provide information on a complex structural zone. Although previous surface mapping has indicated only a few faults, the seismic section shows a wider and more complex deformation zone with both synthetic and antithetic normal faults. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of a combined shallow and deeper penetrating geophysical survey, integrated with detailed geologic mapping to constrain subsurface fault structure. Due to the complexity of the fault zone, accurate seismic velocity information is essential and was obtained from a first-break tomography model. The new constraints on fault geometry can be used to refine estimates of vertical versus lateral tectonic movements and to improve seismic hazard assessment along the Wasatch fault through an urban area. We suggest that earthquake-hazard assessments made without seismic reflection imaging may be biased by the previous mapping of too few faults. C1 [McBride, John H.; South, John V.; Brinkerhoff, A. Riley; Keach, R. William, II; Okojie-Ayoro, Anita O.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Stephenson, William J.; Williams, Robert A.; Odum, Jack K.; Worley, David M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McBride, JH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, POB 24606, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM john_mcbride@byu.edu FU Landmark (Halliburton) University; Seismic Micro-Technology; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors gratefully acknowledge software grants from the Landmark (Halliburton) University Grant Program (ProMAX2D (TM)) and from Seismic Micro-Technology (The Kingdom Suite T). Primary data processing of the P-and SH-wave data was performed using ProMAX2D (TM). Funding from the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program contributed to this project. The SH-wave seismic profile was acquired as part of a class project (Geological Sciences 561) at Brigham Young University. Comments on the paper by R. A. Harris and B.J. Kowallis were very beneficial. Reviews on behalf of the U. S. Geological Survey by A.J. Crone, G. McDonald, and J. Miller are greatly appreciated and significantly improved the final version of the paper. Journal reviews by an anonymous referee, R. A. Johnson, and R. B. Van Arsdale are also greatly appreciated and significantly improved the final version of the paper. Many thanks to A. J. M. Pugin for his expert advice on using SH waves for subsurface imaging. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent a product endorsement of the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 122 IS 11-12 BP 1800 EP 1814 DI 10.1130/B30174.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 671XD UT WOS:000283546200004 ER PT J AU Jones, DS Snoke, AW Premo, WR Chamberlain, KR AF Jones, Daniel S. Snoke, Arthur W. Premo, Wayne R. Chamberlain, Kevin R. TI New models for Paleoproterozoic orogenesis in the Cheyenne belt region: Evidence from the geology and U-Pb geochronology of the Big Creek Gneiss, southeastern Wyoming SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WEST-CENTRAL COLORADO; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SOUTHERN LAURENTIA; UNITED-STATES; PROTEROZOIC SUTURE; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; SILICIC MAGMAS; ZIRCON GROWTH; EVOLUTION AB The disputed age of the deep crust of the Colorado Province is central to hypotheses for Paleoproterozoic crustal growth in the region. We studied the high-grade Big Creek Gneiss, southeastern Wyoming, as a potential exposure of pre-1780 Ma basement rocks. New geologic mapping and U-Pb geochronological data indicate that the Big Creek Gneiss exposes a deeper, but coeval, level of the Green Mountain arc relative to the predominantly supracrustal section to the west. The Big Creek Gneiss is composed of: supracrustal rocks; a ca. 1780 Ma Green Mountain arc-correlative, bimodal intrusive suite; a ca. 1763 Ma extensional(?) bimodal intrusive suite; and widespread ca. 1630 Ma pegmatitic leucogranite. The mafic member of the younger bimodal suite is documented here for the first time. U-Pb zircon ages from migmatite leucosomes indicate penetrative deformation of the Big Creek Gneiss at ca. 1750 Ma. We find that the postarc intrusive suite is mantle-involved, implying a second period of crustal growth. Shortening postdates arc magmatism by similar to 20 m.y., implying that termination of arc magmatism and accretion were separate events. Finally, criteria previously used to constrain the polarity of subduction for the Green Mountain arc are not reliable. We propose two competing models: (1) southward-dipping Green Mountain arc subduction (present coordinates), with slab breakoff-related magmatism following arc accretion; or (2) northward-dipping subduction, with extensional postarc magmatism. In both models, high-temperature deformation coincides with accretion along the Cheyenne belt, and extensional magmatism is an important component of crustal growth. We prefer the northward-dipping subduction model because it can be better integrated with regional tectonic events and published isotopic compositions of the igneous rocks. C1 [Jones, Daniel S.; Snoke, Arthur W.; Chamberlain, Kevin R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jones, DS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dsjones@wcu.edu FU Geological Society of America [8559-07]; Wyoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Grant Consortium [NNG0G165H]; Wyoming Geological Association; Colorado Scientific Society; Tobacco Root Geological Society; Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming FX This work is part of the Ph.D. dissertation research of Daniel S. Jones at the University of Wyoming. He gratefully acknowledges the support of the Geological Society of America (grant 8559-07), Wyoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Grant Consortium (NNG0G165H), Wyoming Geological Association, Colorado Scientific Society, Tobacco Root Geological Society, and Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming. The assistance of Phil Nickerson and Mark Moyer in the field made the time more productive and enjoyable. Joe Wooden and Frank Mazdab provided invaluable help and training at the Stanford-USGS Microanalysis Center's sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) facility. Part of this work was completed in collaboration with researchers at the U. S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado, in conjunction with other research conducted for their Central Colorado Assessment Project within the U. S. Geological Survey's Central Region Earth Surfaces Processes team. Constructive reviews by Pat Bickford and Ernie Duebendorfer and careful editing by Jeff Amato significantly improved the presentation of these results. NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 122 IS 11-12 BP 1877 EP 1898 DI 10.1130/B30164.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 671XD UT WOS:000283546200009 ER PT J AU Kusumi, J Li, ZD Kado, T Tsumura, Y Middleton, BA Tachida, H AF Kusumi, Junko Li Zidong Kado, Tomoyuki Tsumura, Yoshihiko Middleton, Beth A. Tachida, Hidenori TI MULTILOCUS PATTERNS OF NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE IN TAXODIUM DISTICHUM (CUPRESSACEAE) IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER ALLUVIAL VALLEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE conifer; DNA polymorphism; population expansion; population structure; Taxodium ID CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA; SENSU-LATO; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; DNA POLYMORPHISM; INTEGRATED SOFTWARE; POPULATION-GENETICS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; STATISTICAL TESTS; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; POPULUS-TREMULA AB Premise of the Study: Studies of the geographic patterns of genetic variation can give important insights into the past population structure of species. Our study species, Taxodium distichum L. (bald-cypress), prefers riparian and wetland habitats and is widely distributed in southeastern North America and Mexico. We compared the genetic variation of T. distichum with that of its close relative, Cryptomeria japonica, which is endemic to Japan. Methods: Nucleotide polymorphisms of T. distichum in the lower Mississippi River alluvial valley, USA, were examined at 10 nuclear loci. Key Results: The average nucleotide diversity at silent sites, pi(sil), across the 10 loci in T. distichum was higher than that of C. japonica (pi(sil) = 0.00732 and 0.00322, respectively). In T. distichum, Tajima's D values were each negative at 9 out of 10 loci, which suggests a recent population expansion. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian estimations of the exponential population growth rate (g) of T. distichum populations indicated that this species had expanded approximately at the rate of 1.7-1.0 x 10(-6) per year in the past. Conclusions: Taxodium distichum had significantly higher nucleotide variation than C. japonica, and its patterns of polymorphism contrasted strikingly with those of the latter, which previously has been inferred to have experienced a reduction in population size. C1 [Kusumi, Junko; Li Zidong; Tachida, Hidenori] Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Kado, Tomoyuki] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama Ctr Adv Studies, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Kado, Tomoyuki; Tsumura, Yoshihiko] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Tachida, H (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM htachida@kyudai.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [16370101, 19370099, 40097]; Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN) FX The authors thank K. Kamiya for collecting the seed samples and C. Morrison, J. Grace, R. Dale, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (nos. 16370101, 19370099, and 40097) and by Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN). NR 55 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1848 EP 1857 DI 10.3732/ajb.1000082 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 673FW UT WOS:000283645500016 PM 21616823 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Stapanian, AMP Staley, KE AF Stapanian, Martin A. Stapanian, Adrienne M. P. Staley, Keith E. TI Rehabilitation for Bilateral Amputation of Fingers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE activities of daily living; amputation; fingers; pinch strength; prosthesis design; reconstructive surgical procedures ID HAND PROSTHESIS; PLASTY AB We describe reconstructive surgeries, therapy, prostheses, and adaptations for a patient who experienced bilateral amputation of all five fingers of both hands through the proximal phalanges in January 1992. The patient made considerable progress in the use of his hands in the 10 mo after amputation, including nearly a 120% increase in the active range of flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints. In late 1992 and early 1993, the patient had "on-top plasty" surgeries, in which the index finger remnants were transferred onto the thumb stumps, performed on both hands. The increased web space and functional pinch resulting from these procedures made many tasks much easier. The patient and occupational therapists set challenging goals at all times. Moreover, the patient was actively involved in the design and fabrication of all prostheses and adaptations or he developed them himself. Although he was discharged from occupational therapy in 1997, the patient continues to actively find new solutions for prehension and grip strength 18 yr after amputation. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Stapanian, Adrienne M. P.] Lorain Cty Community Coll, Huron, OH USA. [Staley, Keith E.] Univ Iowa Hlth Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC PI BETHESDA PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 64 IS 6 BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.5014/ajot.2010.09153 PG 6 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 692SN UT WOS:000285175500012 PM 21218683 ER PT J AU Jones, EJP Voytek, MA Corum, MD Orem, WH AF Jones, Elizabeth J. P. Voytek, Mary A. Corum, Margo D. Orem, William H. TI Stimulation of Methane Generation from Nonproductive Coal by Addition of Nutrients or a Microbial Consortium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SP-NOV.; SYNTROPHUS-ACIDITROPHICUS; METHANOGENIC SLUDGES; OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; BENZENE DEGRADATION; DEGRADING MICROBES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NATURAL-GAS; MICROORGANISMS AB Biogenic formation of methane from coal is of great interest as an underexploited source of clean energy. The goal of some coal bed producers is to extend coal bed methane productivity and to utilize hydrocarbon wastes such as coal slurry to generate new methane. However, the process and factors controlling the process, and thus ways to stimulate it, are poorly understood. Subbituminous coal from a nonproductive well in south Texas was stimulated to produce methane in microcosms when the native population was supplemented with nutrients (biostimulation) or when nutrients and a consortium of bacteria and methanogens enriched from wetland sediment were added (bioaugmentation). The native population enriched by nutrient addition included Pseudomonas spp., Veillonellaceae, and Methanosarcina barkeri. The bioaugmented microcosm generated methane more rapidly and to a higher concentration than the biostimulated microcosm. Dissolved organics, including long-chain fatty acids, single-ring aromatics, and long-chain alkanes accumulated in the first 39 days of the bioaugmented microcosm and were then degraded, accompanied by generation of methane. The bioaugmented microcosm was dominated by Geobacter sp., and most of the methane generation was associated with growth of Methanosaeta concilii. The ability of the bioaugmentation culture to produce methane from coal intermediates was confirmed in incubations of culture with representative organic compounds. This study indicates that methane production could be stimulated at the nonproductive field site and that low microbial biomass may be limiting in situ methane generation. In addition, the microcosm study suggests that the pathway for generating methane from coal involves complex microbial partnerships. C1 [Jones, Elizabeth J. P.; Voytek, Mary A.; Corum, Margo D.; Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jones, EJP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS430,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ejjones@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Program and the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program. NR 51 TC 77 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 76 IS 21 BP 7013 EP 7022 DI 10.1128/AEM.00728-10 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 670PM UT WOS:000283439800006 PM 20817801 ER PT J AU Flanders, JR Turner, RR Morrison, T Jensen, R Pizzuto, J Skalak, K Stahl, R AF Flanders, J. R. Turner, R. R. Morrison, T. Jensen, R. Pizzuto, J. Skalak, K. Stahl, R. TI Distribution, behavior, and transport of inorganic and methylmercury in a high gradient stream SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; CANADIAN SHIELD LAKES; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; METHYL-MERCURY; SOUTH RIVER; CONTRASTING WATERSHEDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEDIMENTS AB Concentrations of Hg remain elevated in physical and biological media of the South River (Virginia, USA), despite the cessation of the industrial use of Hg in its watershed nearly six decades ago, and physical characteristics that would not seem to favor Hg(II)-methylation. A 3-a study of inorganic Hg (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) was conducted in physical media (soil, sediment, surface water, porewater and soil/sediment extracts) to identify non-point sources, transport mechanisms, and potential controls on Hg(II)-methylation. Data collected from surface water and sediment indicate that the majority of the non-point sources of IHg to the South River are within the first 14 km downstream from the historic point source. Partitioning data indicate that particle bound IHg is introduced in this reach, releasing dissolved and colloidal bound IHg, which is transported downstream. Extraction experiments revealed that floodplain soils released a higher fraction of their IHg content in aqueous extractions than fine-grained sediment (FGS). Based on ultrafiltration [<5000 nominal molecular weight cutoff (NMWC)] the majority of soil IHg released was colloidal in nature, providing evidence for the continued evolution of IHg for Hg(II)-methylation from soil. Strong seasonal patterns in MeHg concentrations were observed in surface water and sediment. The highest concentrations of MeHg in surface water were observed at moderate temperatures, suggesting that other factors limit net Hg(II)-methylation. Seasonal changes in sediment organic content and the fraction of 1 N KOH-extractable THg were also observed and may be important factors in controlling net Hg(II)-methylation rates. Sulfate concentrations in surface water are low and the evidence suggests that Fe reduction may be an important Hg(II)-methylation process. The highest sediment MeHg concentrations were observed in habitats with large amounts of FGS, which are more prevalent in the upper half of the study area due. to the lower hydrologic gradient and agricultural impacts. Past and present land use practices and other geomorphologic controls contribute to the erosion of banks and accumulation of fine-grained sediment in this section of the river, acting as sources of IHg. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flanders, J. R.; Morrison, T.] URS Corp, Ft Washington, PA 19034 USA. [Turner, R. R.] RTGeosciences Inc, Squamish, BC, Canada. [Jensen, R.] Unique Environm Serv, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. [Pizzuto, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Skalak, K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Stahl, R.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Flanders, JR (reprint author), URS Corp, 1333 Broadway,Suite 800, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM john_flanders@urscorp.com NR 75 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1756 EP 1769 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.09.004 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 686EC UT WOS:000284678600013 ER PT J AU Murray, DL Smith, DW Bangs, EE Mack, C Oakleaf, JK Fontaine, J Boyd, D Jiminez, M Niemeyer, C Meier, TJ Stahler, D Holyan, J Asher, VJ AF Murray, Dennis L. Smith, Douglas W. Bangs, Edward E. Mack, Curtis Oakleaf, John K. Fontaine, Joe Boyd, Diane Jiminez, Michael Niemeyer, Carter Meier, Thomas J. Stahler, Daniel Holyan, James Asher, Valpha J. TI Death from anthropogenic causes is partially compensatory in recovering wolf populations SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Additive mortality; Anthropogenic effects; Competing risks; Density-dependent mortality; Survival; Wolves ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; COMPETING RISKS; SURVIVAL; MANAGEMENT; MALLARDS; WOLVES; RATES AB There is substantial interest in how mortality rates affect animal populations, but mechanisms explaining when and under what circumstances particular causes of death incur demographic responses are far from clear. In theory, small or expanding populations should experience additive mortality from anthropogenic causes of death, but whether such effects are homogenous across a population or expressed only in certain high-risk individuals is open for debate. We used competing risks models to analyze mortality patterns among radio-collared wolves (Canis lupus, n = 711) from three populations in northwestern United States (1982-2004), and evaluated the degree to which anthropogenic mortality was additive vs. compensatory to natural demographic processes. Almost 80% (n = 320) of wolves dying of known fates were killed by anthropogenic causes (legal control, illegal killing, harvest in Canada, vehicle collision), and additive effects of anthropogenic mortality were most pronounced in northwestern Montana where wolf exposure to humans and livestock was high compared to either the Greater Yellowstone Area or central Idaho, where anthropogenic risk was lower. In contrast, risk from natural hazards was lower in northwestern Montana than in the other areas, implying some degree of compensatory mortality from anthropogenic risk. Animals recruited to the study following human-wolf conflict had markedly higher anthropogenic risk than those recruited for standard monitoring purposes, and juvenile wolves as well as dispersers, succumbed to higher anthropogenic risk. Multivariate models revealed that increasing wolf population density promoted higher anthropogenic risk and reduced natural risk, indicating that partially-compensatory effects of anthropogenic mortality actually became increasingly additive with population density. The observed compensatory mortality and hazard heterogeneity in our study implies that demographic responses to mortality risk may be complex and more subtle than previously thought; the density-dependent effect of anthropogenic mortality portends a stabilizing influence of humans on recovering wolf populations. We conclude that future assessment of the role of anthropogenic mortality should include individual-based hazard estimation as a complement to traditional population-level approaches. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Murray, Dennis L.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Smith, Douglas W.; Stahler, Daniel] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Wolf Project, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Bangs, Edward E.; Fontaine, Joe] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Mack, Curtis; Holyan, James] Nez Perce Tribe, Mccall, ID 83638 USA. [Oakleaf, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mexican Wolf Program, Alpine, AZ 85920 USA. [Boyd, Diane] Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Jiminez, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Niemeyer, Carter] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Meier, Thomas J.] Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA. [Asher, Valpha J.] Turner Endangered Species Fund, Bozeman, MT 59014 USA. RP Murray, DL (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM dennismurray@trentu.ca FU Turner Endangered Species Fund; NSF [DEB-0613730] FX Primary collaborators included US Fish and Wildlife Service, Yellowstone National Park, Nez Perce Tribe, University of Montana, University of Idaho, Turner Endangered Species Fund, Trent University, as well as an anonymous donor, Tapeats Foundation, Frank and Kay Yeager, Masterfoods Corporation, Patagonia, California Wolf Center, and NSF Grant DEB-0613730. We acknowledge help from several competent pilots, D. Guernsey for data management, D. Ausband, M. Mitchell, S. Nadeau, B. Patterson, C. Sime, and the Murray lab for helpful reviews, and technicians and landowners who assisted with data collection. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2514 EP 2524 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.018 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300012 ER PT J AU Glenn, EM Anthony, RG Forsman, ED AF Glenn, Elizabeth M. Anthony, Robert G. Forsman, Eric D. TI Population trends in northern spotted owls: Associations with climate in the Pacific Northwest SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Adult survival; Barred owl; Climate; Rate of population change; Recruitment; Strix occidentalis caurina; Weather ID HABITAT-USE; HOME-RANGE; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; SOUTHERN OREGON; WESTERN OREGON; BARRED OWLS; FIR FORESTS; CALIFORNIA; WASHINGTON AB We used reverse time capture-mark-recapture models to describe associations between rate of population change (lambda) and climate for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at six long-term study areas in Washington and Oregon, USA. Populations in three of six areas showed strong evidence of declining populations, while populations in two additional areas were likely declining as well. At four areas. lambda was positively associated with wetter-than-normal conditions during the growing season, which likely affects prey availability. Lambda was also negatively associated with cold, wet winters and nesting seasons, and the number of hot summer days. The amount of annual variation in lambda accounted for by climate varied across study areas (3-85%). Rate of population change was more sensitive to adult survival than to recruitment: however, there was considerable variation among years and across study areas for all demographic rates. While annual survival was more closely related to regional climate conditions, recruitment was often associated with local weather. In addition to climate, declines in recruitment at four of six areas were associated with increased presence of barred owls. Climate change models predict warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers for the Pacific Northwest in the first half of the 21st century. Our results indicate that these conditions have the potential to negatively affect annual survival, recruitment, and consequently population growth rates for northern spotted owls. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glenn, Elizabeth M.; Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Glenn, EM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM betsyglenn1@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; USDI Bureau of Land Management; USDI National Park Service; National Science Foundation FX Our research was funded by USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDI National Park Service, and the National Science Foundation. We are indebted to the dedicated field crew leaders and large number of field biologists who collected the demographic data over the past several decades. Earlier drafts of this manuscript were reviewed by Gail Olson, Cliff Pereira, and George Taylor. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2543 EP 2552 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.021 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300015 ER PT J AU Hostetler, JA Onorato, DP Nichols, JD Johnson, WE Roelke, ME O'Brien, SJ Jansen, D Oli, MK AF Hostetler, Jeffrey A. Onorato, David P. Nichols, James D. Johnson, Warren E. Roelke, Melody E. O'Brien, Stephen J. Jansen, Deborah Oli, Madan K. TI Genetic introgression and the survival of Florida panther kittens SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Burnham model; Carnivore; Florida panther; Juvenile; Model averaging; Survival ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIABLES; POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; ET-AL. 2006; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; MULE DEER; CONSERVATION; CATS; MICROSATELLITES; CONSEQUENCES AB Estimates of survival for the young of a species are critical for population models. These models can often be improved by determining the effects of management actions and population abundance on this demographic parameter. We used multiple sources of data collected during 1982-2008 and a live-recapture dead-recovery modeling framework to estimate and model survival of Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) kittens (age 0-1 year). Overall, annual survival of Florida panther kittens was 0.323 +/- 0.071 (SE), which was lower than estimates used in previous population models. In 1995, female pumas from Texas (P. c. stanleyana) were released into occupied panther range as part of an intentional introgression program to restore genetic variability. We found that kitten survival generally increased with degree of admixture: F-1 admixed and backcrossed to Texas kittens survived better than canonical Florida panther and backcrossed to canonical kittens. Average heterozygosity positively influenced kitten and older panther survival, whereas index of panther abundance negatively influenced kitten survival. Our results provide strong evidence for the positive population-level impact of genetic introgression on Florida panthers. Our approach to integrate data from multiple sources was effective at improving robustness as well as precision of estimates of Florida panther kitten survival, and can be useful in estimating vital rates for other elusive species with sparse data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hostetler, Jeffrey A.; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Onorato, David P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Naples, FL 34114 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Johnson, Warren E.; Roelke, Melody E.; O'Brien, Stephen J.] NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Roelke, Melody E.] NCI, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Jansen, Deborah] Big Cypress Natl Preserve, Ochopee, FL 34141 USA. RP Hostetler, JA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hostetle@ufl.edu RI Hostetler, Jeffrey/A-3345-2011; Johnson, Warren/D-4149-2016 OI Hostetler, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3669-1758; Johnson, Warren/0000-0002-5954-186X FU Florida Panther Research and Management Trust Fund; National Park Service; University of Florida; United States Fish and Wildlife Service [401816G091] FX We thank D. Land, M. Cunningham, Roy McBride, M. Lotz, D. Shindle, M. Criffield, S. Schulze, D. Giardina, A. Johnson, L. Oberhofer, M. Alvarado, H. Fitting and Rocky, Rowdy, and C. McBride and others for assistance with fieldwork. We also thank B. Bolker, J. Hines, G. White, J. Laake, and E. Cooch for technical and statistical advice, and D. Land, T. O'Meara, J. Gore, P. Beier, and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was funded through the Florida Panther Research and Management Trust Fund, National Park Service, University of Florida, and Grant Agreement No: 401816G091 from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The views and conclusions presented herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and conclusions of the federal government. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2789 EP 2796 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.028 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300043 PM 21113436 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Schreier, TM Bernardy, JA Franz, JL AF Meinertz, Jeffery R. Schreier, Theresa M. Bernardy, Jeffry A. Franz, Jeanne L. TI Chronic Toxicity of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride and Erythromycin Thiocyanate to Daphnia, Daphnia magna, in a Continuous Exposure Test System SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxicity of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and erythromycin thiocyanate to Daphnia; Toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds to an aquatic invertebrate ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; ANTIBIOTICS; PHARMACEUTICALS; STREAMS AB Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DH; Benadryl (TM), an over-the-counter antihistamine) and erythromycin thiocyanate (ET; a commonly used macrolide antibiotic) are pharmaceutical compounds whose chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna had not been characterized. Continuous exposure to DH concentrations about 5 times greater than the maximum reported environmental concentration of 0.023 mu g/L for 21 days or to ET concentrations about 40 times the maximum reported environmental concentration of 6 mu g/L for 21 days did not significantly impact D. magna survival and production. In this study the no observable effect concentration for DH was 0.12 mu g/L and for ET was 248 mu g/L. C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Schreier, Theresa M.; Bernardy, Jeffry A.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Franz, Jeanne L.] Winona State Univ, Dept Chem, Winona, MN 55987 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Natural Resources Preservation Program FX We thank Silas Bergen of Winona State University (Winona, MN) and Mark Gaikowski of the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center for their statistical support. Funding for this study was provided, in part, by the US Geological Survey's Natural Resources Preservation Program working in conjunction with the US National Park Service. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 5 BP 447 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s00128-010-0117-7 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 688IR UT WOS:000284843500002 PM 20976439 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, SR Blunck, SA Petersen, KN Jones, EM Koval, JC Misek, R Frick, JA Cluff, HD Sime, CA McNay, M Beckman, KB Atkinson, MW Drew, M Collinge, MD Bangs, EE Harper, RG AF Hoffmann, S. R. Blunck, S. A. Petersen, K. N. Jones, E. M. Koval, J. C. Misek, R. Frick, J. A. Cluff, H. D. Sime, C. A. McNay, M. Beckman, K. B. Atkinson, M. W. Drew, M. Collinge, M. D. Bangs, E. E. Harper, R. G. TI Cadmium, Copper, Iron, and Zinc Concentrations in Kidneys of Grey Wolves, Canis lupus, from Alaska, Idaho, Montana (USA) and the Northwest Territories (Canada) SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grey wolf; Canis lupus; Heavy metals ID HEAVY-METALS; CARIBOU; MERCURY; MAMMALS; MOOSE AB Cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc levels were measured in the kidneys of 115 grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Idaho, Montana and Alaska (United States), and from the Northwest Territories (Canada). No significant differences in the levels of iron or copper were observed between locations, but wolf kidneys from more northern locations had significantly higher cadmium levels (Alaska > Northwest Territories > Montana a parts per thousand Idaho), and wolves from Alaska showed significantly higher zinc than other locations. Additionally, female wolves in Alaska had higher iron levels than males, and adult wolves in Montana had higher copper levels than subadults. C1 [Blunck, S. A.; Petersen, K. N.; Jones, E. M.; Misek, R.; Harper, R. G.] Illinois Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IL 61702 USA. [Hoffmann, S. R.] Purdue Univ, Div Environm & Ecol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Koval, J. C.; Frick, J. A.] Illinois Wesleyan Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IL 61702 USA. [Cluff, H. D.] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada. [Sime, C. A.; Atkinson, M. W.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [McNay, M.; Beckman, K. B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Drew, M.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. [Collinge, M. D.] APHIS Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Bangs, E. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Harper, RG (reprint author), Illinois Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, POB 2900, Bloomington, IL 61702 USA. EM gharper@iwu.edu OI Misek, Ryan/0000-0001-6206-9749 FU Illinois Wesleyan University FX The authors thank the University of Wisconsin-Madison Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program for the use of the ICP-OES and C. Honegger for coordinating the storage of the kidneys at Illinois Wesleyan University. This work was funded in part by an Artistic and Scholarly Development grant from Illinois Wesleyan University awarded to S.R. Hoffmann. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 5 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1007/s00128-010-0126-6 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 688IR UT WOS:000284843500009 PM 20972865 ER PT J AU Klinger, Y Ji, C Shen, ZK Bakun, WH AF Klinger, Y. Ji, C. Shen, Z. -K. Bakun, W. H. TI Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2008 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Klinger, Y.] CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. [Ji, C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shen, Z. -K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bakun, W. H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shen, Z. -K.] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Klinger, Y (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, BP89,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM klinger@ipgp.jussieu.fr RI klinger, yann/B-1226-2011 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5B BP 2353 EP 2356 DI 10.1785/0120100172 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 666MX UT WOS:000283120600001 ER PT J AU Pool, TK Olden, JD Whittier, JB Paukert, CP AF Pool, Thomas K. Olden, Julian D. Whittier, Joanna B. Paukert, Craig P. TI Environmental drivers of fish functional diversity and composition in the Lower Colorado River Basin SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; NATURAL FLOW REGIMES; FRESH-WATER FISHES; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; SAN-JUAN RIVER; NATIVE FISHES; NONNATIVE FISHES; EXTINCTION RISK; DESERT FISHES AB Freshwater conservation efforts require an understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors shape the present-day biogeography of native and non-native species. This knowledge need is especially acute for imperiled native fishes in the highly modified Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB), USA. In the present study we employed both a taxonomic and functional approach to explore how natural and human-related environmental drivers shape landscape-scale patterns of fish community composition in the LCRB. Our results showed that hydrologic alteration, watershed land use, and regional climate explained 30.3% and 44.7% of the total variation in fish community taxonomic and functional composition, respectively. Watersheds with greater dam densities and upstream storage capacity supported higher non-native functional diversity, suggesting that dams have provided additional "niche opportunities'' for non-native equilibrium life-history strategists by introducing new reservoir habitat and modifying downstream flow and thermal regimes. By contrast, watersheds characterized by greater upstream land protection, lower dam densities, and higher variation in spring and summer precipitation supported fish communities with a strong complement of native species (opportunistic-periodic strategists). In conclusion, our study highlights the utility of a life-history approach to better understand the patterns and processes by which fish communities vary along environmental gradients. C1 [Pool, Thomas K.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Whittier, Joanna B.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pool, TK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tpool@uw.edu RI Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU USGS; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University; US Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors graciously acknowledge funding support from the USGS National Gap Analysis Program. We thank Sebastien Villeger for his assistance with the R code for calculating the functional diversity indices and Dan Magoulick, Gael Grenouillet, and two anonymous referees for constructive comments during the review process. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 83 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 31 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1791 EP 1807 DI 10.1139/F10-095 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676OG UT WOS:000283921200008 ER PT J AU Wickland, KP Neff, JC Harden, JW AF Wickland, Kimberly P. Neff, Jason C. Harden, Jennifer W. TI The role of soil drainage class in carbon dioxide exchange and decomposition in boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forest stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TAIGA ECOSYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; INTERIOR ALASKA; LATITUDE SOILS; NORTH-AMERICA; JACK PINE; FIRE; CLIMATE; RESPIRATION; BALANCE AB Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.) forest stands range from well drained to poorly drained, typically contain large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC), and are often underlain by permafrost. To better understand the role of soil drainage class in carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange and decomposition, we measured soil respiration and net CO2 fluxes, litter decomposition and litterfall rates, and SOC stocks above permafrost in three Alaska black spruce forest stands characterized as well drained (WD), moderately drained (MD), and poorly drained (PD). Soil respiration and net CO2 fluxes were not significantly different among sites, although the relation between soil respiration rate and temperature varied with site (Q(10): WD > MD > PD). Annual estimated soil respiration, litter decomposition, and groundcover photosynthesis were greatest at PD. These results suggest that soil temperature and moisture conditions in shallow organic horizon soils at PD were more favorable for decomposition compared with the better drained sites. SOC stocks, however, increase from WD to MD to PD such that surface decomposition and C storage are diametric. Greater groundcover vegetation productivity, protection of deep SOC by permafrost and anoxic conditions, and differences in fire return interval and (or) severity at PD counteract the relatively high near-surface decomposition rates, resulting in high net C accumulation. C1 [Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geosci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wickland, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kpwick@usgs.gov OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2123 EP 2134 DI 10.1139/X10-163 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 676OL UT WOS:000283921700006 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Van Zee, JW Belnap, J Johansen, JR Remmenga, M AF Herrick, J. E. Van Zee, J. W. Belnap, J. Johansen, J. R. Remmenga, M. TI Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Biological soil crusts; Hydrology; Erosion; Land degradation; Recreation; Arid soils ID INTERRILL RUNOFF; ROCK FRAGMENTS; MOJAVE DESERT; SANDY SOILS; EROSION; COVER; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; RANGELANDS; DYNAMICS AB We compared short-term effects of lug-soled boot trampling disturbance on water infiltration and soil erodibility on coarse-textured soils covered by a mixture of fine gravel and coarse sand over weak cyanobacterially-dominated biological soil crusts. Trampling significantly reduced final infiltration rate and total infiltration and increased sediment generation from small (0.5 m(2)) rainfall simulation plots (p<0.01). Trampling had no effect on time to runoff or time to peak runoff. Trampling had similar effects at sites with both low and very low levels of cyanobacterial biomass, as indicated by chlorophyll a concentrations. We concluded that trampling effects are relatively independent of differences in the relatively low levels of cyanobacterial biomass in this environment. Instead, trampling appears to reduce infiltration by significantly reducing the cover of gravel and coarse sand on the soil surface, facilitating the development of a physical crust during rainfall events. The results of this study underscore the importance of carefully characterizing both soil physical and biological properties to understand how disturbance affects ecosystem processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Herrick, J. E.; Van Zee, J. W.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Belnap, J.] USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Johansen, J. R.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. [Remmenga, M.] USDA APHIS VS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Remmenga, M.] USDA APHIS VS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; johansen@jcu.edu; marta.d.remmenga@aphis.usda.gov RI Johansen, Jeff/F-5616-2011 FU U.S. Department of Defense Fort Irwin National Training Center FX We thank Ruth Sparks of the Integrated Training Area Management Program at Fort Irwin for assistance with site selection, logistical support, and helpful reviews of an early draft of the manuscript. Michelle Buonopane, Tanya Troxler, Sasha Reed, and Scott Swarthout assisted with data collection. Sue Phillips assisted with project coordination. Keith Crossland reviewed an earlier draft and Angela Muhanga assisted with manuscript preparation. Partial funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense Fort Irwin National Training Center. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 83 IS 2-3 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 673SV UT WOS:000283684200003 ER PT J AU Hansen, JE Barnard, PL AF Hansen, Jeff E. Barnard, Patrick L. TI Sub-weekly to interannual variability of a high-energy shoreline SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Beach processes; Storm response; Nearshore bathymetry; GPS surveying; EOF ID ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; BEACH CHANGES; SURF ZONES; PATTERNS; VOLUME; MODEL; WAVE AB Sixty-one Global Positioning System (GPS), sub-aerial beach surveys were completed at 7 km long Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA (USA), between April 2004 and March 2009. The five-year time series contains over 1 million beach elevation measurements and documents detailed changes in beach morphology over a variety of spatial, temporal, and physical forcing scales. Results show that seasonal processes dominate at Ocean Beach, with the seasonal increase and decrease in wave height being the primary driver of shoreline change. Storm events, while capable of causing large short-term changes in the shoreline, did not singularly account for a large percentage of the overall observed change. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis shows that the first two modes account for approximately three-quarters of the variance in the data set and are represented by the seasonal onshore/offshore movement of sediment (60%) and the multi-year trend of shoreline rotation (14%). The longer-term trend of shoreline rotation appears to be related to larger-scale bathymetric change. An EOF-based decomposition technique is developed that is capable of estimating the shoreline position to within one standard deviation of the range of shoreline positions observed at most locations along the beach. The foundation of the model is the observed relationship between the temporal amplitudes of the first EOF mode and seasonally-averaged offshore wave height as well as the linear trend of shoreline rotation. This technique, while not truly predictive because of the requirement of real-time wave data, is useful because it can predict shoreline position to within reasonable confidence given the absence of field data once the model is developed at a particular site. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hansen, Jeff E.; Barnard, Patrick L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hansen, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jeff_hansen@usgs.gov RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014 OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866 FU United States Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District; USGS FX This work would not have been possible without the continued field and technical support from many members of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Team. Financial support for this research was provided by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. This manuscript also benefited greatly from comments provided by two anonymous reviewers. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 11-12 BP 959 EP 972 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.05.011 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 659IQ UT WOS:000282560600001 ER PT J AU Lindemer, CA Plant, NG Puleo, JA Thompson, DM Wamsley, TV AF Lindemer, C. A. Plant, N. G. Puleo, J. A. Thompson, D. M. Wamsley, T. V. TI Numerical simulation of a low-lying barrier island's morphological response to Hurricane Katrina SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE XBeach; Barrier Islands; Coastal processes; Hurricanes; Chandeleur Islands; Numerical modeling ID BEHAVIOR MODEL; SCALE; LOUISIANA AB Tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Gulf of Mexico generate storm surge and large waves that impact low-lying coastlines along the Gulf Coast. The Chandeleur Islands, located 161 km east of New Orleans, Louisiana, have endured numerous hurricanes that have passed nearby. Hurricane Katrina (landfall near Waveland MS, 29 Aug 2005) caused dramatic changes to the island elevation and shape. In this paper the predictability of hurricane-induced barrier island erosion and accretion is evaluated using a coupled hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model known as XBeach. Pre- and post-storm island topography was surveyed with an airborne lidar system. Numerical simulations utilized realistic surge and wave conditions determined from larger-scale hydrodynamic models. Simulations included model sensitivity tests with varying grid size and temporal resolutions. Model-predicted bathymetry/topography and post-storm survey data both showed similar patterns of island erosion, such as increased dissection by channels. However, the model under predicted the magnitude of erosion. Potential causes for under prediction include (1) errors in the initial conditions (the initial bathymetry/topography was measured three years prior to Katrina), (2) errors in the forcing conditions (a result of our omission of storms prior to Katrina and/or errors in Katrina storm conditions), and/or (3) physical processes that were omitted from the model (e.g., inclusion of sediment variations and bio-physical processes). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lindemer, C. A.; Puleo, J. A.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Plant, N. G.; Thompson, D. M.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Wamsley, T. V.] USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jpuleo@udel.edu OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU University of Delaware; U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank Kristy Guy (USGS) for drafting and image processing, Wayne Wright for lidar instrumentation development, and Charlene Sullivan (formerly with USGS) for lidar processing. Jim Flocks graciously provided his bathymetric data for construction of the morphology used to initialize the model. This work was funded by the University of Delaware and the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 11-12 BP 985 EP 995 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.06.004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 659IQ UT WOS:000282560600003 ER PT J AU Keightley, KE Bawden, GW AF Keightley, Keir E. Bawden, Gerald W. TI 3D volumetric modeling of grapevine biomass using Tripod LiDAR SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Laser scanning; LiDAR; Biomass; Viticulture; Volumetric modeling ID SCANNING LIDAR; CANOPY STRUCTURE; STANDING TREES; DRY-WEIGHT; SURFACE; HEIGHT; TAPER AB Tripod mounted laser scanning provides the means to generate high-resolution volumetric measures of vegetation structure and perennial woody tissue for the calculation of standing biomass in agronomic and natural ecosystems. Other than costly destructive harvest methods, no technique exists to rapidly and accurately measure above-ground perennial tissue for woody plants such as Vitis vinifera (common grape vine). Data collected from grapevine trunks and cordons were used to study the accuracy of wood volume derived from laser scanning as compared with volume derived from analog measurements. A set of 10 laser scan datasets were collected for each of 36 vines from which volume was calculated using combinations of two, three, four, six and 10 scans. Likewise, analog volume measurements were made by submerging the vine trunks and cordons in water and capturing the displaced water. A regression analysis examined the relationship between digital and non-digital techniques among the 36 vines and found that the standard error drops rapidly as additional scans are added to the volume calculation process and stabilizes at the four-view geometry with an average Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient of 0.93. Estimates of digital volumes are systematically greater than those of analog volumes and can be explained by the manner in which each technique interacts with the vine tissue. This laser scanning technique yields a highly linear relationship between vine volume and tissue mass revealing a new, rapid and non-destructive method to remotely measure standing biomass. This application shows promise for use in other ecosystems such as orchards and forests. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Keightley, Keir E.] Geog Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bawden, Gerald W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Keightley, KE (reprint author), Geog Grad Grp, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM keight@ucdavis.edu NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2010.09.005 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 685WO UT WOS:000284659000014 ER PT J AU Hand, CE Sanders, FJ Jodice, PGR AF Hand, Christine E. Sanders, Felicia J. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI FORAGING PROFICIENCY DURING THE NONBREEDING SEASON OF A SPECIALIZED FORAGER: ARE JUVENILE AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHERS "BUMBLE-BEAKS" COMPARED TO ADULTS? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; diet; foraging proficiency; Haematopus palliatus; handling time; searching time; South Carolina ID AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; HAEMATOPUS-OSTRALEGUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; BEHAVIOR; FOOD; INTERFERENCE; EFFICIENCY; ABUNDANCE; SUCCESS AB In many species, immature individuals are less proficient at foraging than are adults, and this difference may be especially critical during winter when survival can be at its minimum. We investigated the foraging proficiency of adult and immature American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) during the nonbreeding season. Oystercatchers forage on prey that must be handled with specialized skills, so age-related differences in foraging behavior may be expected. We found that adults spent more time searching than did immatures, a trend toward immatures taking longer to handle prey than did adults, and immatures more often handling prey unsuccessfully than did adults. Feeding rates and diet composition did not differ by age class. We posit that the immature birds traded off longer handling times with shorter searching times and that ultimately the abundant prey in the region may contribute to the ability of immature birds to feed at rates similar to those of adults. C1 [Hand, Christine E.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sanders, Felicia J.] Santee Coastal Reserve, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. RP Hand, CE (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, G-27 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR); South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Clemson University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS FX This research was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Savannah Santee PeeDee Restoration Fund), South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR), and the South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Support was provided by M. Spinks and L. Coen at SCDNR, S. Dawsey, M. Connolly, and D. Browning at Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge and the USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, in particular C. Wakefield. We thank K. Goodenough for field assistance. We thank M. Childress and the Clemson University Ecology Reading Group, particularly B. Brown and S. DeWalt, for reviewing this manuscript. The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the SCDNR, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the USGS. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 670 EP 675 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100031 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700005 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, AD Martin, TE AF Chalfoun, Anna D. Martin, Thomas E. TI PARENTAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN RESPONSE TO AMBIENT NEST-PREDATION RISK VERSUS ACTUAL PREDATION ON THE PRIOR NEST SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE behavioral plasticity; Brewer's Sparrow; incubation; nest predation; nestling feeding rate; parental care; prior information; Spizella breweri ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CLUTCH SIZE VARIATION; PASSERINE BIRDS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; VISITATION RATES; SIBERIAN JAY; HYPOTHESIS; FOOD; BEHAVIOR AB Theory predicts that parents should invest less in dependent offspring with lower reproductive value, such as those with a high risk of predation. Moreover, high predation risk can favor reduced parental activity when such activity attracts nest predators. Yet, the ability of parents to assess ambient nest-predation risk and respond adaptively remains unclear, especially where nest-predator assemblages are diverse and potentially difficult to assess. We tested whether variation in parental investment by a multi-brooded songbird (Brewer's Sparrow, Spizella breweri) in an environment (sagebrush steppe) with diverse predators was predicted by ambient nest-predation risk or direct experience with nest predation. Variation among eight sites in ambient nest-predation risk, assayed by daily probabilities of nest predation, was largely uncorrelated across four years. In this system risk may therefore be unpredictable, and aspects of parental investment (clutch size, egg mass, incubation rhythms, nestling-feeding rates) were not related to ambient risk. Moreover, investment at first nests that were successful did not differ from that at nests that were depredated, suggesting parents could not assess and respond to territory-level nest-predation risk. However, parents whose nests were depredated reduced clutch sizes and activity at nests attempted later in the season by increasing the length of incubation shifts (on-bouts) and recesses (off-bouts) and decreasing trips to feed nestlings. In this unpredictable environment parent birds may therefore lack sufficient cues of ambient risk on which to base their investment decisions and instead rely on direct experience with nest predation to inform at least some of their decisions. C1 [Chalfoun, Anna D.; Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Chalfoun, AD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, USGS Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM achalfou@uwyo.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation; Breeding Biology Research and Monitoring Database (BBIRD); Bureau of Land Management (Billings field office); Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife Parks; U.S. Forest Service's Rocky Mountain Research Station; Bureau of Land Management FX We thank J. Bolser, B. Breen, K. Ellis, C. Forristal, C. Hill, K. Jewell, K. Nittinger, A. Saari, D. Rauch, D. Westerman, and especially C. Ricketts for assistance in the field. Funding for this work was provided by an National Science Foundation EPSCoR (Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research) fellowship to ADC, the Breeding Biology Research and Monitoring Database (BBIRD), the Bureau of Land Management (Billings field office), a State Wildlife Grant from the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the U.S. Forest Service's Rocky Mountain Research Station. We are grateful to J. Parks (Bureau of Land Management) for logistical and financial support and to S. Guenther and the Peters family for their support and logistical assistance. C. Martinez del Rio, J. J. Fontaine, and two anonymous reviewers provided very helpful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. Specific equipment is identified simply to aid specific methods, not to represent an endorsement of these companies by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 42 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 701 EP 710 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090242 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700009 ER PT J AU Burke, A Robinson, LF McNichol, AP Jenkins, WJ Scanlon, KM Gerlach, DS AF Burke, Andrea Robinson, Laura F. McNichol, Ann P. Jenkins, William J. Scanlon, Kathryn M. Gerlach, Dana S. TI Reconnaissance dating A new radiocarbon method applied to assessing the temporal distribution of Southern Ocean deep-sea corals SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Deep sea corals; Age survey; Radiocarbon dating; Biogeography ID EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAST DEGLACIATION; HIGH-PRECISION; GRAPHITE TARGETS; CARBON-CYCLE; C-14; WATER; AGE; RATES; CIRCULATION AB We have developed a rapid reconnaissance method of preparing graphite for (14)C/(12)C analysis Carbonate (similar to 15 mg) is combusted using an elemental analyzer and the resulting CO(2) is converted to graphite using a sealed tube zinc reduction method Over 85% (n=45 replicates on twenty-one individual corals) of reconnaissance ages measured on corals ranging in age from 500 to 33 000 radiocarbon years (Ryr) are within two standard deviations of ages generated using standard hydrolysis methods on the same corals and all reconnaissance ages are within 300 Ryr of the standard hydrolysis ages Replicate measurements on three individual aragonitic corals yielded ages of 1076 +/- 35 Ryr (standard deviation n=5) 10 739 +/- 47 Ryr (n=8) and 40 146 +/- 3500 Ryr (n=9) No systematic biases were found using different cleaning methods or variable sample sizes Analysis of (13)C/(12)C was made concurrently with the (14)C/(12)C measurement to correct for natural fractionation and for fractionation during sample processing and analysis This technique provides a new rapid method for making accurate percent-level (14)C/(12)C analyses that may be used to establish the rates and chronology of earth system processes where survey-type modes of age estimation are desirable For example applications may include creation of sediment core-top maps preliminary age models for sediment cores and growth rate studies of marine organisms such as corals or mollusks We applied the reconnaissance method to more than 100 solitary deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean to investigate their temporal and spatial distribution The corals used in this study are part of a larger sample set and the subset that was dated was chosen based on species as opposed to preservation state so as to exclude obvious temporal biases Similar to studies in other regions the distribution of deep-sea corals is not constant through time across the Drake Passage Most of the corals from the Burdwood Bank (continental shelf of Argentina) have ages ranging between 0 and 2500 calendar years whereas most of the corals from the Sars Seamount in the Drake Passage have ages between 10 000 and 12 500 calendar years Such differences may be caused in part by sampling biases but may also be caused by changes in larval transport nutrient supply or other environmental pressures (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Burke, Andrea] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Geol & Geophys, MIT WHOI Joint Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Robinson, Laura F.; Jenkins, William J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McNichol, Ann P.; Gerlach, Dana S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Scanlon, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Burke, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Geol & Geophys, MIT WHOI Joint Program, 360 Woods Hole Rd MS 24, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Robinson, Laura/0000-0001-6811-0140; Burke, Andrea/0000-0002-3754-1498 FU USGS-WHOI; NSF-OCE [0623107]; NSF-ANT [0636787, 80295700] FX We would like to acknowledge Rhian Waller the members of cruises LMG06-05 and NBP08-05 and Stephen Cairns at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History for supplying samples used in this study We would also like to thank the crews of the R/V Nathaniel B Palmer and R/V Laurence M Gould NOSAMS staff and Maureen Auro for help with this project Financial support was provided by the USGS-WHOI Co-operative agreement NSF-OCE Grant no 0623107 and NSF-ANT Grant nos 0636787 and 80295700 (ARRA funding) NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1510 EP 1520 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.010 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 687CE UT WOS:000284750700012 ER PT J AU Demopoulos, AWJ Gualtieri, D Kovacs, K AF Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Gualtieri, Daniel Kovacs, Kaitlin TI Food-web structure of seep sediment macrobenthos from the Gulf of Mexico SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Cold seep; Macrofauna; Stable carbon isotopes; Stable nitrogen isotopes; Gulf of Mexico ID STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; METHANE SEEPS; CARBON-SOURCES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HYDROCARBON SEEPS; BENTHIC PREDATORS; BACTERIAL MATS; VENT ORGANISMS; COLD SEEPS; MARINE AB The slope environment of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) supports dense communities of seep megafaunal invertebrates that rely on endosymbiotic bacteria for nutrition. Seep sediments also contain smaller macrofaunal invertebrates whose nutritional pathways are not well understood. Using stable-isotope analysis, we investigate the utilization of chemosynthetically fixed and methane-derived organic matter by macrofauna. Biological sampling was conducted in three lower-slope GOM seep environs: Green Canyon (GC852, 1428 m), Atwater Valley (AT340, 2230 m), and Alaminos Canyon (AC601, 2384 m). Infaunal delta C-13 and delta N-15 exhibited a broad range of values; most infauna appeared to be heterotrophic, although several taxa had very light delta N-15 and delta C-13 values, indicating possible reliance on chemoautotrophic symbioses. The lightest delta C-13 and delta N-15 values were observed in nematodes (delta C-13=-54.6 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand, delta N-15=-6.1 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand) and one gastropod (delta C-13=delta N-15=-1.1 parts per thousand) from Green Canyon. Mixing-model results indicated that sulfur-oxidizing Beggiatoa may be an important food source for seep infauna; the rate of utilization ranged from 60% to 100% at Green Canyon and Atwater Valley. The overall range in isotope values was similar across the three sites, suggesting that biogeochemical processes may be very similar in these geographically distinct areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.; Gualtieri, Daniel; Kovacs, Kaitlin] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Demopoulos, AWJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ademopoulos@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 21-23 BP 1972 EP 1981 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.011 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 694TZ UT WOS:000285323200012 ER PT J AU Kellogg, CA AF Kellogg, Christina A. TI Enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes in deep-sea sediments and cold seeps of the Gulf of Mexico SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Cold seeps; Benthic viruses; Bacteriophages; Prokaryotes; Gulf of Mexico ID MARINE VIRUSES; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; VIRAL ABUNDANCE; CHEMOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES; BATHYPELAGIC WATERS; HYDROCARBON VENTS; BACTERIA; DIVERSITY; METHANE; CARBON AB Little is known about the distribution and abundance of viruses in deep-sea cold-seep environments. Like hydrothermal vents, seeps support communities of macrofauna that are sustained by chemosynthetic bacteria. Sediments close to these communities are hypothesized to be more microbiologically active and therefore to host higher numbers of viruses than non-seep areas. Push cores were taken at five types of Gulf of Mexico habitats at water depths below 1000 m using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The habitats included non-seep reference sediment, brine seeps, a microbial mat, an urchin field, and a pogonophoran worm community. Samples were processed immediately for enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes without the addition of a preservative. Prokaryote counts were an order of magnitude lower in sediments directly in contact with macrofauna (urchins, pogonophorans) compared to all other samples (10(7) vs. 10(8) cells g(-1) dry weight) and were highest in areas of elevated salinity (brine seeps). Viral-Like Particle (VLP) counts were lowest in the reference sediments and pogonophoran cores (10(8) VLP g(-1) dry wt), higher in brine seeps (10(9) VLP g(-1) dry wt), and highest in the microbial mats (10(10) VLP g(-1) dry wt). Virus-prokaryote ratios (VPR) ranged from < 5 in the reference sediment to > 30 in the microbial mats and > 60 in the urchin field. VLP counts and VPR were all significantly greater than those reported from sediments in the deep Mediterranean Sea and in most cases were higher than recent data from a cold-seep site near Japan. The high VPR suggest that greater microbial activity in or near cold-seep environments results in greater viral production and therefore higher numbers of viruses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov RI Kellogg, Christina/B-3257-2009; OI Kellogg, Christina/0000-0002-6492-9455 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The author thanks TDI-Brooks International, Inc., C. Fisher, and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) for allowing her to participate in their Chemo III research cruise. She also thanks M. Bowles, K. Hunter, V. Samarkin, and K. Segarra for assistance in sample collection, as well as the crews of the R/V Ronald H. Brown and ROV JASON. The help of M. McLaughlin in determining grain size, Z. Pratte for determining dry weight of the sediments, and J. Lisle for statistical advice is also appreciated. Funding was provided the U.S. Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 21-23 BP 2002 EP 2007 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.006 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 694TZ UT WOS:000285323200015 ER PT J AU Pilliod, DS Hossack, BR Bahls, PF Bull, EL Corn, PS Hokit, G Maxell, BA Munger, JC Wyrick, A AF Pilliod, David S. Hossack, Blake R. Bahls, Peter F. Bull, Evelyn L. Corn, Paul Stephen Hokit, Grant Maxell, Bryce A. Munger, James C. Wyrick, Aimee TI Non-native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma macrodactylum; amphibian decline; biological invasions; fish stocking; landscape; mountain lake; Rana luteiventris ID COLUMBIA SPOTTED FROGS; LONG-TOED SALAMANDER; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; RANA-LUTEIVENTRIS; INTRODUCED TROUT; FISH INTRODUCTIONS AB Aim The introduction of non-native species into aquatic environments has been linked with local extinctions and altered distributions of native species. We investigated the effect of non-native salmonids on the occupancy of two native amphibians, the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), across three spatial scales: water bodies, small catchments and large catchments. Location Mountain lakes at >= 1500 m elevation were surveyed across the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Methods We surveyed 2267 water bodies for amphibian occupancy (based on evidence of reproduction) and fish presence between 1986 and 2002 and modelled the probability of amphibian occupancy at each spatial scale in relation to habitat availability and quality and fish presence. Results After accounting for habitat features, we estimated that A. macrodactylum was 2.3 times more likely to breed in fishless water bodies than in water bodies with fish. Ambystoma macrodactylum also was more likely to occupy small catchments where none of the water bodies contained fish than in catchments where at least one water body contained fish. However, the probability of salamander occupancy in small catchments was also influenced by habitat availability (i.e. the number of water bodies within a catchment) and suitability of remaining fishless water bodies. We found no relationship between fish presence and salamander occupancy at the large-catchment scale, probably because of increased habitat availability. In contrast to A. macrodactylum, we found no relationship between fish presence and R. luteiventris occupancy at any scale. Main conclusions Our results suggest that the negative effects of non-native salmonids can extend beyond the boundaries of individual water bodies and increase A. macrodactylum extinction risk at landscape scales. We suspect that niche overlap between non-native fish and A. macrodactylum at higher elevations in the northern Rocky Mountains may lead to extinction in catchments with limited suitable habitat. C1 [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Bahls, Peter F.] NW Watershed Inst, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. [Bull, Evelyn L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Hokit, Grant] Carroll Coll, Dept Biol, Helena, MT 59625 USA. [Maxell, Bryce A.] Montana Nat Heritage Program, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Munger, James C.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Wyrick, Aimee] Pacific Union Coll, Dept Biol, Angwin, CA 94508 USA. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dpilliod@usgs.gov FU Department of the Interior Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank the many funding agencies and field assistants for data used in this analysis. B.R.H. and the data collected in Glacier National Park were supported by the Department of the Interior Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Patrick Murphy provided data for the Clearwater National Forest. Robert Arkle assisted with NPMR analyses and Justin Welty assisted with figures. Christopher Pearl and Robert Klaver provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Sandra Poppenga and Alisa Gallant provided watershed delineation data from the US Geological Survey EROS Data Center. Brett Davis assisted with solar radiation modelling. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 959 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00699.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669UO UT WOS:000283375900009 ER PT J AU Bender, ML Burgess, E Alley, RB Barnett, B Clow, GD AF Bender, Michael L. Burgess, Edward Alley, Richard B. Barnett, Bruce Clow, Gary D. TI On the nature of the dirty ice at the bottom of the GISP2 ice core SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Greenland Ice Sheet; Eemian; glaciology; geochemistry ID CENTRAL GREENLAND; BASAL ICE; POLAR ICE; STRATIGRAPHIC DISTURBANCE; GLACIAL ICE; SHEET; ORIGIN; GASES; O-2; CH4 AB We present data on the triple Ar isotope composition in trapped gas from clean, stratigraphically disturbed ice between 2800 and 3040 m depth in the GISP2 ice core, and from basal dirty ice from 3040 to 3053 m depth. We also present data for the abundance and isotopic composition of O-2 and N-2, and abundance of Ar, in the basal dirty ice. The Ar/N-2 ratio of dirty basal ice, the heavy isotope enrichment (reflecting gravitational fractionation), and the total gas content all indicate that the gases in basal dirty ice originate from the assimilation of clean ice of the overlying glacier, which comprises most of the ice in the dirty bottom layer. O-2 is partly to completely depleted in basal ice, reflecting active metabolism. The gravitationally corrected ratio of Ar-40/Ar-38, which decreases with age in the global atmosphere, is compatible with an age of 100-250 ka for clean disturbed ice. In basal ice, Ar-40 is present in excess due to injection of radiogenic Ar-40 produced in the underlying continental crust. The weak depth gradient of Ar-40 in the dirty basal ice, and the distribution of dirt, indicate mixing within the basal ice, while various published lines of evidence indicate mixing within the overlying clean, disturbed ice. Excess CH4, which reaches thousands of ppm in basal dirty ice at GRIP, is virtually absent in overlying clean disturbed ice, demonstrating that mixing of dirty basal ice into the overlying clean ice, if it occurs at all, is very slow. Order-of-magnitude estimates indicate that the mixing rate of clean ice into dirty ice is sufficient to maintain a steady thickness of dirty ice against thinning from the mean ice flow. The dirty ice appears to consist of two or more basal components in addition to clean glacial ice. A small amount of soil or permafrost, plus preglacial snow, lake or ground ice could explain the observations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bender, Michael L.; Barnett, Bruce] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Burgess, Edward] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Alley, Richard B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Bender, ML (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bender@princeton.edu FU National Science Foundation [ANT 0636731, 0838849, ANT 0539578, 0424589]; U. S. Geological Survey; Princeton Center for Bioinorganic Chemistry FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support of the National Science Foundation (through grants ANT 0636731 and 0838849 to MB and ANT 0539578 and 0424589 to RA), the U. S. Geological Survey's Global Change Program, and the Princeton Center for Bioinorganic Chemistry (for support of EB). Perceptive comments of 3 anonymous reviewers led to significant improvements in the manuscript. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 299 IS 3-4 BP 466 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.033 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 687CI UT WOS:000284751200023 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Bernier, JC Kelso, KW Barras, JA AF Morton, Robert A. Bernier, Julie C. Kelso, Kyle W. Barras, John A. TI Quantifying large-scale historical formation of accommodation in the Mississippi Delta SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE subsidence; erosion; wetland loss; bathymetry; remote sensing; imagery analysis ID PLAIN; LAND AB Large volumes of new accommodation have formed within the Mississippi Delta plain since the mid-1950s in association with rapid conversion of coastal wetlands to open water. The three-dimensional aspects and processes responsible for accommodation formation were quantified by comparing surface elevations, water depths, and vertical displacements of stratigraphic contacts that were correlated between short sediment cores. Integration of data from remotely sensed images, sediment cores, and water-depth surveys at 10 geologically diverse areas in the delta plain provided a basis for estimating the total volume of accommodation formed by interior-wetland subsidence and subsequent erosion. Results indicate that at most of the study areas subsidence was a greater contributor than erosion to the formation of accommodation associated with wetland loss. Tens of millions of cubic meters of accommodation formed rapidly at each of the large open-water bodies that were formerly continuous interior delta-plain marsh. Together the individual study areas account for more than 440 x 10(6) m(3) of new accommodation that formed as holes in the Mississippi River delta-plain fabric between 1956 and 2004. This large volume provides an estimate of the new sediment that would be needed just at the study areas to restore the delta-plain wetlands to their pre-1956 areal extent and elevations. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Bernier, Julie C.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Kelso, Kyle W.] Jacobs Technol Inc, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Barras, John A.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Baton Rouge Off, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM rmorton@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 14 BP 1625 EP 1641 DI 10.1002/esp.2000 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 678DI UT WOS:000284051300001 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, K Wald, D AF Jaiswal, Kishor Wald, David TI An Empirical Model for Global Earthquake Fatality Estimation SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CATALOG AB We analyzed mortality rates of earthquakes worldwide and developed a country/region-specific empirical model for earthquake fatality estimation within the U. S. Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system. The earthquake fatality rate is defined as total killed divided by total population exposed at specific shaking intensity level. The total fatalities for a given earthquake are estimated by multiplying the number of people exposed at each shaking intensity level by the fatality rates for that level and then summing them at all relevant shaking intensities. The fatality rate is expressed in terms of a two-parameter lognormal cumulative distribution function of shaking intensity. The parameters are obtained for each country or a region by minimizing the residual error in hindcasting the total shaking-related deaths from earthquakes recorded between 1973 and 2007. A new global regionalization scheme is used to combine the fatality data across different countries with similar vulnerability traits. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3480331] C1 [Jaiswal, Kishor; Wald, David] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Jaiswal, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. EM kjaiswal@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1037 DI 10.1193/1.3480331 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 684JX UT WOS:000284547300007 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E Wills, CJ Branum, DM AF Kalkan, Erol Wills, Chris J. Branum, David M. TI Seismic Hazard Mapping of California Considering Site Effects SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; PERIODS; MODEL; PGV; MAP AB In this paper, we have combined the U. S. Geological Survey's National Seismic Hazard Maps model with the California geologic map showing 17 generalized geologic units that can be defined by their V(S30). We regrouped these units into seven VS30 values and calculated a probabilistic seismic hazard map for the entire state for each VS30 value. By merging seismic hazard maps based on the seven different VS30 values, a suite of seismic hazard maps was computed for 0.2 and 1.0 s spectral ordinates at 2% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years. The improved hazards maps explicitly incorporate the site effects and their spatial variability on ground motion estimates. The spectral acceleration (SA) at 1.0 s map of seismic shaking potential for California has now been published as California Geological Survey Map Sheet 48. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3478312] C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wills, Chris J.; Branum, David M.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ekalkan@usgs.gov; Chris.Wills@conservation.ca.gov; M.Branum@conservation.ca.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1055 DI 10.1193/1.3478312 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 684JX UT WOS:000284547300008 ER PT J AU Waite, IR Brown, LR Kennen, JG May, JT Cuffney, TF Orlando, JL Jones, KA AF Waite, Ian R. Brown, Larry R. Kennen, Jonathan G. May, Jason T. Cuffney, Thomas F. Orlando, James L. Jones, Kimberly A. TI Comparison of watershed disturbance predictive models for stream benthic macroinvertebrates for three distinct ecoregions in western US SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Streams; Macroinvertebrates; Metrics; Landscape; Land-use ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; LAND-USE; BIOLOGICAL CONDITION; MULTIMETRIC INDEXES; NATIONAL ASSESSMENT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEMS AB The successful use of macroinvertebrates as indicators of stream condition in bioassessments has led to heightened interest throughout the scientific community in the prediction of stream condition. For example, predictive models are increasingly being developed that use measures of watershed disturbance, including urban and agricultural land-use, as explanatory variables to predict various metrics of biological condition such as richness, tolerance, percent predators, index of biotic integrity, functional species traits, or even ordination axes scores. Our primary intent was to determine if effective models could be developed using watershed characteristics of disturbance to predict macroinvertebrate metrics among disparate and widely separated ecoregions. We aggregated macroinvertebrate data from universities and state and federal agencies in order to assemble stream data sets of high enough density appropriate for modeling in three distinct ecoregions in Oregon and California. Extensive review and quality assurance of macroinvertebrate sampling protocols, laboratory subsample counts and taxonomic resolution was completed to assure data comparability. We used widely available digital coverages of land-use and land-cover data summarized at the watershed and riparian scale as explanatory variables to predict macroinvertebrate metrics commonly used by state resource managers to assess stream condition. The "best" multiple linear regression models from each region required only two or three explanatory variables to model macroinvertebrate metrics and explained 41-74% of the variation. In each region the best model contained some measure of urban and/or agricultural land-use, yet often the model was improved by including a natural explanatory variable such as mean annual precipitation or mean watershed slope. Two macroinvertebrate metrics were common among all three regions, the metric that summarizes the richness of tolerant macroinvertebrates (RICHTOL) and some form of Err (Ephemeroptera. Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) richness. Best models were developed for the same two invertebrate metrics even though the geographic regions reflect distinct differences in precipitation, geology, elevation, slope, population density, and land-use. With further development, models like these call be used to elicit better causal linkages to stream biological attributes or condition and call be used by researchers or managers to predict biological indicators of stream condition at unsampled sites. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97211 USA. [Brown, Larry R.; May, Jason T.; Orlando, James L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Jones, Kimberly A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Waite, IR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97211 USA. EM iwaite@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1136 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.03.011 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620TD UT WOS:000279521900008 ER PT J AU Breininger, DR Nichols, JD Duncan, BW Stolen, ED Carter, GM Hunt, DK Drese, JH AF Breininger, David R. Nichols, James D. Duncan, Brean W. Stolen, Eric D. Carter, Geoffrey M. Hunt, Danny K. Drese, John H. TI Multistate modeling of habitat dynamics: factors affecting Florida scrub transition probabilities SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphelocoma coerulescens; capture-recapture; disturbance; fire; Florida Scrub-Jay; Kennedy Space Center/Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA; land cover; multistate models; patch dynamics; restoration; scrub ID EAST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; CATASTROPHIC REGIME SHIFTS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; USA AB Many ecosystems are influenced by disturbances that create specific successional states and habitat structures that species need to persist. Estimating transition probabilities between habitat states and modeling the factors that influence such transitions have many applications for investigating and managing disturbance-prone ecosystems. We identify the correspondence between multistate capture-recapture models and Markov models of habitat dynamics. We exploit this correspondence by fitting and comparing competing models of different ecological covariates affecting habitat transition probabilities in Florida scrub and flatwoods, a habitat important to many unique plants and animals. We subdivided a large scrub and flatwoods ecosystem along central Florida's Atlantic coast into 10-ha grid cells, which approximated average territory size of the threatened Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), a management indicator species. We used 1.0-m resolution aerial imagery for 1994, 1999, and 2004 to classify grid cells into four habitat quality states that were directly related to Florida Scrub-Jay source-sink dynamics and management decision making. Results showed that static site features related to fire propagation (vegetation type, edges) and temporally varying disturbances (fires, mechanical cutting) best explained transition probabilities. Results indicated that much of the scrub and flatwoods ecosystem was resistant to moving from a degraded state to a desired state without mechanical cutting, an expensive restoration tool. We used habitat models parameterized with the estimated transition probabilities to investigate the consequences of alternative management scenarios on future habitat dynamics. We recommend this multistate modeling approach as being broadly applicable for studying ecosystem, land cover, or habitat dynamics. The approach provides maximum-likelihood estimates of transition parameters, including precision measures, and can be used to assess evidence among competing ecological models that describe system dynamics. C1 [Breininger, David R.; Duncan, Brean W.; Stolen, Eric D.; Carter, Geoffrey M.; Hunt, Danny K.; Drese, John H.] Innovat Hlth Applicat, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Breininger, David R.; Duncan, Brean W.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Nichols, James D.] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Breininger, DR (reprint author), Innovat Hlth Applicat, IHA 300, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM david.r.breininger@nasa.gov RI Carter, Geoffrey/G-2201-2011 FU NASA FX This study was funded by NASA. We thank David Anderson, Jim Hines, Mike Legare, Fred Johnson, Reed Noss, Paul Schmalzer, John Weishampel, Pedro Quintana-Ascencio, Carlton Hall, John Shaffer, Steve Brisbin, Denise Thaller, and Burt Summerfield for promoting the study, analyses, and manuscript development. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 3354 EP 3364 DI 10.1890/09-0964.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679JV UT WOS:000284158600024 PM 21141196 ER PT J AU Gardner, B Reppucci, J Lucherini, M Royle, JA AF Gardner, Beth Reppucci, Juan Lucherini, Mauro Royle, J. Andrew TI Spatially explicit inference for open populations: estimating demographic parameters from camera-trap studies SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Andes Mountains; Argentina; Bayesian analysis; camera trapping; data augmentation; hierarchical model; Jolly-Seber model; Pampas cats; spatial capture-recapture; trapping arrays ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MARK-RECAPTURE; DATA AUGMENTATION; DENSITY; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; BEARS; SIZE AB We develop a hierarchical capture-recapture model for demographically open populations when auxiliary spatial information about location of capture is obtained. Such spatial capture-recapture data arise from studies based on camera trapping, DNA sampling, and other situations in which a spatial array of devices records encounters of unique individuals. We integrate an individual-based formulation of a Jolly-Seber type model with recently developed spatially explicit capture-recapture models to estimate density and demographic parameters for survival and recruitment. We adopt a Bayesian framework for inference under this model using the method of data augmentation which is implemented in the software program WinBUGS. The model was motivated by a camera trapping study of Pampas cats Leopardus colocolo from Argentina, which we present as an illustration of the model in this paper. We provide estimates of density and the first quantitative assessment of vital rates for the Pampas cat in the High Andes. The precision of these estimates is poor due likely to the sparse data set. Unlike conventional inference methods which usually rely on asymptotic arguments, Bayesian inferences are valid in arbitrary sample sizes, and thus the method is ideal for the study of rare or endangered species for which small data sets are typical. C1 [Gardner, Beth; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Reppucci, Juan; Lucherini, Mauro] Univ Nacl Sur, CONICET, GECM Mammal Behav Ecol Grp, Dept Biol Bioquim & Farm, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Gardner, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM bgardner@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Conservation Leadership Programme; Wildlife Conservation Network; Darwin Initiative, Wild About Cats; Whitley Fund for Nature FX We thank P. Perovic, E. Luengos Vidal, C. Tellaeche, P. Cuello, C. Sillero-Zubiri, E. Casanave, and J. Sanderson for assistance. For data collection, we thank the volunteers and villagers, and for funding we thank the Conservation Leadership Programme, the Wildlife Conservation Network, the Darwin Initiative, Wild About Cats, and the Whitley Fund for Nature. We acknowledge the national and provincial governmental institutions and DBByF of Universidad Nacional del Sur for endorsing and authorizing the project. We thank three anonymous reviewers, J. Nichols, M. Kery, and W. Kendall for extensive comments on earlier drafts of this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 32 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 11 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 3376 EP 3383 DI 10.1890/09-0804.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679JV UT WOS:000284158600026 PM 21141198 ER PT J AU Wintle, BA Runge, MC Bekessy, SA AF Wintle, Brendan A. Runge, Michael C. Bekessy, Sarah A. TI Allocating monitoring effort in the face of unknown unknowns SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; cost efficiency; decision theory; Knightian uncertainty; surprise; surveillance ID CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY AB P>There is a growing view that to make efficient use of resources, ecological monitoring should be hypothesis-driven and targeted to address specific management questions. 'Targeted' monitoring has been contrasted with other approaches in which a range of quantities are monitored in case they exhibit an alarming trend or provide ad hoc ecological insights. The second form of monitoring, described as surveillance, has been criticized because it does not usually aim to discern between competing hypotheses, and its benefits are harder to identify a priori. The alternative view is that the existence of surveillance data may enable rapid corroboration of emerging hypotheses or help to detect important 'unknown unknowns' that, if undetected, could lead to catastrophic outcomes or missed opportunities. We derive a model to evaluate and compare the efficiency of investments in surveillance and targeted monitoring. We find that a decision to invest in surveillance monitoring may be defensible if: (1) the surveillance design is more likely to discover or corroborate previously unknown phenomena than a targeted design and (2) the expected benefits (or avoided costs) arising from discovery are substantially higher than those arising from a well-planned targeted design. Our examination highlights the importance of being explicit about the objectives, costs and expected benefits of monitoring in a decision analytic framework. C1 [Wintle, Brendan A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Bekessy, Sarah A.] RMIT Univ, Sch Global Studies Social Sci & Planning, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. RP Wintle, BA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM brendanw@unimelb.edu.au RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU ARC [DP0774288, LP0882780]; Commonwealth Department of Environment, Water, Heritage; Arts via AEDA; Australian Centre for Excellence in Risk Analysis; US Geological Survey FX This work arose in conversation with participants of the Applied Environmental Decision Analysis (AEDA) working group on optimal monitoring. We make particular acknowledgement of the contributions of Yohay Carmel, Yakov Ben-Haim, Clare Hawkins, Adrian Manning, Mark Antos, Mark Burgman and Hugh Possingham. We are grateful to Jim Nichols and Georgia Garrard for comments on an earlier draft. Reviews by Nigel Yoccoz, Jonathan Rhodes and two anonymous referees substantially improved the manuscript. BW and SB were supported by ARC grants DP0774288 and LP0882780, and the Commonwealth Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts via AEDA. MR was supported by AEDA, the Australian Centre for Excellence in Risk Analysis and the US Geological Survey. NR 51 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1325 EP 1337 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01514.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 666YA UT WOS:000283157500001 PM 20678146 ER PT J AU Diaz, PH Alexander, ML AF Diaz, Peter H. Alexander, Mara L. TI AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES OF A SPRING-FED ECOSYSTEM IN HAYS COUNTY, TEXAS, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID SAN-MARCOS RIVER; BAETIDAE EPHEMEROPTERA; WATER-QUALITY; NORTH; REVISION; GENUS; LEPTOHYPHIDAE; COMMUNITY; AMERICA C1 [Diaz, Peter H.] Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Alexander, Mara L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Diaz, PH (reprint author), Texas State Univ, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM visualtaxonomy@gmail.com; mara_alexander@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resource Discipline FX We would like to thank J. R. Gibson, D. E. Baumgardner, R. Hershler, and O. Kulkoyluoglu for their assistance and verification of identifications. This study was funded through the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resource Discipline. Voucher specimens are available at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service San Marcos National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center. A photographic catalogue of all San Marcos River invertebrate taxa is available at www.visualtaxonomy.com. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X EI 2162-3236 J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 121 IS 5 BP 478 EP 486 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V21NZ UT WOS:000208215600011 ER PT J AU Burns, WJ Coe, JA Kaya, BS Ma, LN AF Burns, William J. Coe, Jeffrey A. Kaya, Basak Sener Ma, Lina TI Analysis of Elevation Changes Detected from Multi-Temporal LiDAR Surveys in Forested Landslide Terrain in Western Oregon SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Multi-Temporal; LiDAR; Landslide; Debris Flow; Accuracy; Oregon; Forested; Differential; Volume; Elevation; Leaf On; Leaf Off; Point Density ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; NORTH-CAROLINA; DEBRIS FLOW; RESOLUTION; SEATTLE; USA; WASHINGTON; MORPHOLOGY; MODEL; DEMS AB We examined elevation changes detected from two successive sets of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data in the northern Coast Range of Oregon. The first set of LiDAR data was acquired during leaf-on conditions and the second set during leaf-off conditions. We were able to successfully identify and map active landslides using a differential digital elevation model (DEM) created from the two LiDAR data sets, but this required the use of thresholds (0.50 and 0.75 m) to remove noise from the differential elevation data, visual pattern recognition of landslide-induced elevation changes, and supplemental QuickBird satellite imagery. After mapping, we field-verified 88 percent of the landslides that we had mapped with high confidence, but we could not detect active landslides with elevation changes of less than 0.50 m. Volumetric calculations showed that a total of about 18,100 m 3 of material was missing from landslide areas, probably as a result of systematic negative elevation errors in the differential DEM and as a result of removal of material by erosion and transport. We also examined the accuracies of 285 leaf-off LiDAR elevations at four landslide sites using Global Positioning System and total station surveys. A comparison of LiDAR and survey data indicated an overall root mean square error of 0.50 m, a maximum error of 2.21 m, and a systematic error of 0.09 m. LiDAR ground-point densities were lowest in areas with young conifer forests and deciduous vegetation, which resulted in extensive interpolations of elevations in the leaf-on, bare-earth DEM. For optimal use of multi-temporal LiDAR data in forested areas, we recommend that all data sets be flown during leaf-off seasons. C1 [Burns, William J.; Ma, Lina] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Coe, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kaya, Basak Sener] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Burns, WJ (reprint author), Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, 800 NE Oregon St, Portland, OR 97232 USA. OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 315 EP 341 PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 674EB UT WOS:000283715800001 ER PT J AU Ramirez, P AF Ramirez, Pedro, Jr. TI Bird Mortality in Oil Field Wastewater Disposal Facilities SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bird mortality; Evaporation ponds; Oil; Surfactants; Wastewater; Produced water ID PITS; HATCHABILITY; TOXICITY; TEXAS; EGGS AB Commercial and centralized oilfield wastewater disposal facilities (COWDFs) are used in the Western United States for the disposal of formation water produced from oil and natural gas wells. In Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, COWDFs use large evaporation ponds to dispose of the wastewater. Birds are attracted to these large evaporation ponds which, if not managed properly, can cause wildlife mortality. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted 154 field inspections of 28 COWDFs in Wyoming from March 1998 through September 2008 and documented mortality of birds and other wildlife in 9 COWDFs. Of 269 bird carcasses recovered from COWDFs, grebes (Family Podicipedidae) and waterfowl (Anatidae) were the most frequent casualties. Most mortalities were attributed to oil on evaporation ponds, but sodium toxicity and surfactants were the suspected causes of mortality at three COWDFs. Although the oil industry and state and federal regulators have made much progress in reducing bird mortality in oil and gas production facilities, significant mortality incidents continue in COWDFs, particularly older facilities permitted in the early 1980's. Inadequate operation and management of these COWDFs generally results in the discharge of oil into the large evaporation ponds which poses a risk for birds and other wildlife. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Ramirez, P (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5353 Yellowstone Rd,Suite 308, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Pedro_Ramirez@fws.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 820 EP 826 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9557-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669OO UT WOS:000283360300015 PM 20844874 ER PT J AU Metcalf, SS Wheeler, E BenDor, TK Lubinski, KS Hannon, BM AF Metcalf, Sara S. Wheeler, Emily BenDor, Todd K. Lubinski, Kenneth S. Hannon, Bruce M. TI Sharing the floodplain: Mediated modeling for environmental management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain; Land use change; Participatory modeling; Group modeling; Stakeholder participation; Collaborative learning AB Complex ecosystems, such as the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), present major management challenges. Such systems often provide a range of ecosystem services that are differentially valued by stakeholders representing distinct interests (e.g., agriculture, conservation, navigation) or institutions (e.g., federal and state agencies). When no single entity has the knowledge or authority to resolve conflicts over shared resource use, stakeholders may struggle to jointly understand the scope of the problem and to reach reasonable compromises. This paper explores mediated modeling as a group consensus building process for understanding relationships between ecological, economic and cultural well-being in the UMR floodplain. We describe a workshop structure used to engage UMR stakeholders that may be extended to resource use conflicts in other complex ecosystems. We provide recommendations for improving on these participatory methods in structuring future efforts. In conclusion, we suggest that tools which facilitate collaborative learning, such as mediated modeling, need to be incorporated at an institutional level as a vital element of integrated ecosystem management. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [BenDor, Todd K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept City & Reg Planning, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Metcalf, Sara S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. [Wheeler, Emily] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wheeler, Emily] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lubinski, Kenneth S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Hannon, Bruce M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP BenDor, TK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept City & Reg Planning, CB 3140,New E Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM bendor@unc.edu RI lyp, maggie/G-1471-2011; Lankau, Emily/C-8057-2011; BenDor, Todd/E-1375-2016 OI Lankau, Emily/0000-0002-7094-7780; BenDor, Todd/0000-0003-0132-7702 FU NSF [HSD-0433165] FX The modeling workshop was supported by The Nature Conservancy and the National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium. Brian Stenquist was the lead facilitator. Catherine McCalvin, Owen Dutt, and Tracy Boutelle served as observers. John Nestler, Nina Burkardt, and Mark Muller served as topical experts. Many thanks to the following reviewers for comments during the development of this paper: Mike Allen, Carol Augspurger, Jan BenDor, Nina Burkardt, Brian Ickes, Stacy Langsdale, Richard Lankau, Teri Metcalf, John Nestler, Sigrid Smith, Marjan van den Belt, and Wayne Wheeler. Sara Metcalf and Bruce Hannon also acknowledge support from NSF Award # HSD-0433165, "Ecological Boundary-Setting in Mental and Geophysical Models." NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1282 EP 1290 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.009 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622MA UT WOS:000279666700003 ER PT J AU Brumbaugh, WG Mora, MA May, TW Phalen, DN AF Brumbaugh, William G. Mora, Miguel A. May, Thomas W. Phalen, David N. TI Metal exposure and effects in voles and small birds near a mining haul road in Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Metals; Birds; Mammals; Cape Krusenstern; Alaska; Environmental impacts ID SMALL MAMMALS; HEAVY-METALS; LEAD; CADMIUM; GENOTOXICITY AB Voles and small passerine birds were live-captured near the Delong Mountain Regional Transportation System (DMTS) haul road in Cape Krusenstern National Monument in northwest Alaska to assess metals exposure and sub-lethal biological effects. Similar numbers of animals were captured from a reference site in southern Cape Krusenstern National Monument for comparison. Histopathological examination of selected organs, and analysis of cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in liver and blood samples were performed. Voles and small birds captured from near the haul road had about 20 times greater blood and liver lead concentrations and about three times greater cadmium concentrations when compared to those from the reference site, but there were no differences in zinc tissue concentrations. One vole had moderate metastatic mineralization of kidney tissue, otherwise we observed no abnormalities in internal organs or DNA damage in the blood of any of the animals. The affected vole also had the greatest liver and blood Cd concentration, indicating that the lesion might have been caused by Cd exposure. Blood and liver lead concentrations in animals captured near the haul road were below concentrations that have been associated with adverse biological effects in other studies; however, subtle effects resulting from lead exposure, such as the suppression of the activity of certain enzymes, cannot be ruled out for some individual animals. Results from our 2006 reconnaissance-level study indicate that overall, voles and small birds obtained from near the DMTS road in Cape Krusenstern National Monument were not adversely affected by metals exposure; however, because of the small sample size and other uncertainties, continued monitoring of lead and cadmium in terrestrial habitats near the DMTS road is advised. C1 [Mora, Miguel A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Brumbaugh, William G.; May, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Phalen, David N.] Wildlife Hlth & Conservat Ctr, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. [Phalen, David N.] Avian Reptile & Exot Anim Hosp, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mmora@tamu.edu OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-1216-y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657PD UT WOS:000282423800008 PM 19856120 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Gray, BR Newton, TJ Nichols, D AF Smith, David R. Gray, Brian R. Newton, Teresa J. Nichols, Doug TI Effect of imperfect detectability on adaptive and conventional sampling: simulated sampling of freshwater mussels in the upper Mississippi River SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive cluster sampling; Detection errors; Freshwater mussels ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; VERTICAL MIGRATION; AERIAL SURVEYS; POPULATIONS; RARE; AGGREGATION; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; DESIGNS AB Adaptive sampling designs are recommended where, as is typical with freshwater mussels, the outcome of interest is rare and clustered. However, the performance of adaptive designs has not been investigated when outcomes are not only rare and clustered but also imperfectly detected. We address this combination of challenges using data simulated to mimic properties of freshwater mussels from a reach of the upper Mississippi River. Simulations were conducted under a range of sample sizes and detection probabilities. Under perfect detection, efficiency of the adaptive sampling design increased relative to the conventional design as sample size increased and as density decreased. Also, the probability of sampling occupied habitat was four times higher for adaptive than conventional sampling of the lowest density population examined. However, imperfect detection resulted in substantial biases in sample means and variances under both adaptive sampling and conventional designs. The efficiency of adaptive sampling declined with decreasing detectability. Also, the probability of encountering an occupied unit during adaptive sampling, relative to conventional sampling declined with decreasing detectability. Thus, the potential gains in the application of adaptive sampling to rare and clustered populations relative to conventional sampling are reduced when detection is imperfect. The results highlight the need to increase or estimate detection to improve performance of conventional and adaptive sampling designs. C1 [Smith, David R.; Nichols, Doug] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Gray, Brian R.; Newton, Teresa J.] USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center FX Funding was provided by USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. We thank Priscilla Young for computer assistance. John Young and Arthur Dryver provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-1251-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657PD UT WOS:000282423800041 PM 19946742 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TS Clements, WH Mitchell, KA Church, SE Wanty, RB Fey, DL Verplanck, PL San Juan, CA AF Schmidt, Travis S. Clements, William H. Mitchell, Katharine A. Church, Stanley E. Wanty, Richard B. Fey, David L. Verplanck, Philip L. San Juan, Carma A. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TOXIC-UNIT MODEL FOR THE BIOASSESSMENT OF METALS IN STREAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Trace metals; Aquatic invertebrates; Biomonitoring; Ecotoxicology; Water chemistry ID MOUNTAIN STREAMS; AQUATIC INSECTS; HEAVY-METALS; RESPONSES; COLORADO; MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOACCUMULATION; COMMUNITIES; BINDING; METRICS AB Two toxic-unit models that estimate the toxicity of trace-metal mixtures to benthic communities were compared The chronic criterion accumulation ratio (CCAR). a modification of biotic ligand model (BLM) outputs for use as a toxic-unit model, accounts for the modifying and competitive influences of major cations (Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+), H(+)), anions (HCO(3)(-), CO(3)(2-), SO(4)(2-), Cl(-), S(2-)) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in determining the free metal ion available for accumulation on the biotic ligand The cumulative criterion unit (CCU) model, an empirical statistical model of trace-metal toxicity. considers only the ameliorative properties of Ca(2+). and Mg(2+) (hardness) in determining the toxicity of total dissolved trace metals Differences in the contribution of a metal (e g : Cu, Cd, Zn) to toxic units as determined by CCAR or CCU were observed and attributed to how each model incorporates the influences of DOC, pH, and alkalinity Akaike information criteria demonstrate that CCAR is an improved predictor of benthic macroinvertebrate community metrics as compared with CCU Piecewise models depict great declines (thresholds) in benthic macroinvertebrate communities at CCAR of 1 or more, while negative changes in benthic communities were detected at a CCAR of less than 1 We observed a 7% reduction in total taxa richness and a 43% decrease in Heptageniid abundance between background (CCAR = 0 1) and the threshold of chronic toxicity on the basis of continuous chronic criteria (CCAR = 1) In this first application of the BLM as a toxic-unit model, we found it superior to CCU Environ Toxicol Chem 2010,29 2432-2442 (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Schmidt, Travis S.; Church, Stanley E.; Wanty, Richard B.; Fey, David L.; Verplanck, Philip L.; San Juan, Carma A.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.; Clements, William H.; Mitchell, Katharine A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schmidt, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016 FU U S Geological Survey; U S EPA [R829640]; USDA FX This project was funded by the Central Region Mineral Resources Program (U S Geological Survey), and the U S EPA STAR program (Grant R829640) Travis S Schmidt received funding from the USDA National Needs Fellowship Program and the U S Geological Survey Mendenhall Post Doctoral Program Caitlin Balch-Burnett. Sage Betts. Jamie Brennan, Pete Cadmus. Joe Connery, Sigrid Gustafson, Mike Hill. Alicia Louie, Sarah Russell, Dan Scott, David Sehnake, David Shaffer. Therese Tepe. Jamie Thayer, Adam Thompson, Monique Adams, Michael W Anthony. James G Croek, David L Fey. Luke McEachron, and Philip L Verplanck all helped to collect and analyze these data Daren Carlisle. James Lazorchak, Brian S Cade. Robert E Zuellig, and David M Walters provided comments that greatly Improved this manuscript. Joseph S Meyer helped develop the concept of using the BLM as a toxic unit-model Any use of trade. product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U S Government NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 33 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2432 EP 2442 DI 10.1002/etc.302 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 673DP UT WOS:000283639500007 PM 20853459 ER PT J AU Smalling, KL Morgan, S Kuivila, KK AF Smalling, Kelly L. Morgan, Steven Kuivila, Kathryn K. TI ACCUMULATION OF CURRENT-USE AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN CRAB EMBRYOS FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Current-use pesticides; Persistent organochlorine pollutants; Crab embryos; Accumulation ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MARINE; WATER; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT; BIOCONCENTRATION; EXTRACTION; SHELLFISH AB Invertebrates have long been used as resident sentinels for assessing ecosystem health and productivity. The shore crabs, Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Pachygrapsus crassipes, are abundant in estuaries and beaches throughout northern California, USA and have been used as indicators of habitat conditions in several salt marshes The overall objectives of the present study were to conduct a lab-based study to test the accumulation of current-use pesticides, validate the analytical method and to analyze field-collected crabs for a suite of 74 current-use and legacy pesticides. A-simple laboratory uptake study was designed to determine if embryos could bioconcentrate the herbicide molinate over a 7-d period. At the end of the experiment, embryos were removed nom the crabs and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Although relatively hydrophilic (log K(OW) of 2.9). molinate did accumulate with an estimated bioconcentration factor (log BCF) of approximately 2 5 Following method validation, embryos were collected from two different Northern California salt marshes and analyzed. In field-collected embryos 18 current-use and eight organochlorine pesticides were detected including synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphate insecticides, as well as DDT and its degradates. Lipid-normalized concentrations of the pesticides detected in the field-collected crab embryos ranged from 0 1 to 4 ppm. Pesticide concentrations and profiles in crab embryos were site specific and could be correlated to differences in land-use practices. These preliminary results indicate that embryos are an effective sink for or game contaminants in the environment and have the potential to be good indicators of ecosystem health, especially when contaminant body burden analyses are paired with reproductive impairment assays Environ Toxicol Chem 2010;29.2593-2599 (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Smalling, Kelly L.; Kuivila, Kathryn K.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Morgan, Steven] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Smalling, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 FU U S Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Program and Environmental Protection Agency [R82867601] FX The authors thank personnel at the Bodega Marine Laboratory, as well as J Cooper, J Orlando, and M Hladik, for their assistance in the field and with experimental setup and maintenance Support for this project was provided by the U S Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Program and Environmental Protection Agency Stat Grant (R82867601) NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2593 EP 2599 DI 10.1002/etc.317 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 673DP UT WOS:000283639500026 PM 20853457 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Burnett, KM Steel, EA Flitcroft, RL Pess, GR Feist, BE Torgersen, CE Miller, DJ Sanderson, BL AF Fullerton, A. H. Burnett, K. M. Steel, E. A. Flitcroft, R. L. Pess, G. R. Feist, B. E. Torgersen, C. E. Miller, D. J. Sanderson, B. L. TI Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish: measurement challenges and research opportunities SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE migratory fish; movement barriers; river network; spatial structure ID PSEUDOMUGIL-SIGNIFER PSEUDOMUGILIDAE; COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; 2 LOWLAND RIVERS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIAL VARIATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RISK; BULL TROUT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AB P>1. In this review, we first summarize how hydrologic connectivity has been studied for riverine fish capable of moving long distances, and then identify research opportunities that have clear conservation significance. Migratory species, such as anadromous salmonids, are good model organisms for understanding ecological connectivity in rivers because the spatial scale over which movements occur among freshwater habitats is large enough to be easily observed with available techniques; they are often economically or culturally valuable with habitats that can be easily fragmented by human activities; and they integrate landscape conditions from multiple surrounding catchment(s) with in-river conditions. Studies have focussed on three themes: (i) relatively stable connections (connections controlled by processes that act over broad spatio-temporal scales > 1000 km2 and > 100 years); (ii) dynamic connections (connections controlled by processes acting over fine to moderate spatio-temporal scales similar to 1-1000 km2 and < 1-100 years); and (iii) anthropogenic influences on hydrologic connectivity, including actions that disrupt or enhance natural connections experienced by fish. 2. We outline eight challenges to understanding the role of connectivity in riverine fish ecology, organized under three foci: (i) addressing the constraints of river structure; (ii) embracing temporal complexity in hydrologic connectivity; and (iii) managing connectivity for riverine fishes. Challenges include the spatial structure of stream networks, the force and direction of flow, scale-dependence of connectivity, shifting boundaries, complexity of behaviour and life histories and quantifying anthropogenic influence on connectivity and aligning management goals. As we discuss each challenge, we summarize relevant approaches in the literature and provide additional suggestions for improving research and management of connectivity for riverine fishes. 3. Specifically, we suggest that rapid advances are possible in the following arenas: (i) incorporating network structure and river discharge into analyses; (ii) increasing explicit consideration of temporal complexity and fish behaviour in the scope of analyses; and (iii) parsing degrees of human and natural influences on connectivity and defining acceptable alterations. Multiscale analyses are most likely to identify dominant patterns of connections and disconnections, and the appropriate scale at which to focus conservation activities. C1 [Fullerton, A. H.; Pess, G. R.; Feist, B. E.; Sanderson, B. L.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Flitcroft, R. L.] USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Flitcroft, R. L.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steel, E. A.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA USA. [Torgersen, C. E.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Miller, D. J.] Earth Syst Inst, Seattle, WA USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA USA. EM aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Peter Kiffney, Belinda Robson, Phil Roni and two anonymous referees for critical reviews of the manuscript, and Kathryn Ronnenberg for help with Fig. 2 and technical review. Funding for this work was provided to AHF by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center's Internal Grants Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 212 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 12 U2 138 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2215 EP 2237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02448.x PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 661BU UT WOS:000282698800001 ER PT J AU Xu, CL Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Xu, Cailin Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. TI Context-specific influence of water temperature on brook trout growth rates in the field SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brook trout; density dependence; season-specific growth; stream flow; water temperature ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; PISCIVOROUS BROWN TROUT; AGE-0 ATLANTIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; ARCTIC CHARR; FRESH-WATER; PREY CONSUMPTION AB P>1. Modelling the effects of climate change on freshwater fishes requires robust field-based estimates accounting for interactions among multiple factors. 2. We used data from an 8-year individual-based study of a wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) population to test the influence of water temperature on season-specific growth in the context of variation in other environmental (i.e. season, stream flow) or biotic factors (local brook trout biomass density and fish age and size) in West Brook, a third-order stream in western Massachusetts, U.S.A. 3. Changes in ambient temperature influenced individual growth rates. In general, higher temperatures were associated with higher growth rates in winter and spring and lower growth rates in summer and autumn. However, the effect of temperature on growth was strongly context-dependent, differing in both magnitude and direction as a function of season, stream flow and fish biomass density. 4. We found that stream flow and temperature had strong and complex interactive effects on trout growth. At the coldest temperatures (in winter), high stream flows were associated with reduced trout growth rates. During spring and autumn and in typical summers (when water temperatures were close to growth optima), higher flows were associated with increased growth rates. In addition, the effect of flow at a given temperature (the flow-temperature interaction) differed among seasons. 5. Trout density negatively affected growth rate and had strong interactions with temperature in two of four seasons (i.e. spring and summer) with greater negative effects at high temperatures. 6. Our study provided robust, integrative field-based estimates of the effects of temperature on growth rates for a species which serves as a model organism for cold-water adapted ectotherms facing the consequences of environmental change. Results of the study strongly suggest that failure to derive season-specific estimates, or to explicitly consider interactions with flow regime and fish density, will seriously compromise our ability to predict the effects of climate change on stream fish growth rates. Further, the concordance we found between empirical observations and likely energetic mechanisms suggests that our general results should be relevant at broader spatial and temporal scales. C1 [Xu, Cailin] Univ Massachusetts, Nat Conservancy Connecticut River Program, AG Annex A, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Xu, Cailin; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Xu, CL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Nat Conservancy Connecticut River Program, AG Annex A, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM cxu@tnc.org FU USGS Conte Fish Research Lab, US Forest Service, Northern Research Unit; Bingham Foundations; Nature Conservancy - Connecticut River Program FX We thank Jason Coombs, Todd Dubreuil, Matthew O'Donnell and Tyler Evans for assistance in the field and for updating and maintaining the database. We thank USGS Conte Fish Research Lab, US Forest Service, Northern Research Unit, the Bingham Foundations, and The Nature Conservancy - Connecticut River Program for support throughout the course of this study. We are very grateful to Dr. Kurt Fausch, Kimberly Lutz, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on the manuscript. NR 59 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2253 EP 2264 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02430.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 661BU UT WOS:000282698800003 ER PT J AU Hultine, KR Belnap, J van Riper, C Ehleringer, JR Dennison, PE Lee, ME Nagler, PL Snyder, KA Uselman, SM West, JB AF Hultine, Kevin R. Belnap, Jayne van Riper, Charles, III Ehleringer, James R. Dennison, Philip E. Lee, Martha E. Nagler, Pamela L. Snyder, Keirith A. Uselman, Shauna M. West, Jason B. TI Tamarisk biocontrol in the western United States: ecological and societal implications SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID COTTONWOOD POPULUS-FREMONTII; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; DIORHABDA-ELONGATA; WATER-USE; MANAGEMENT; SALTCEDAR; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ESTABLISHMENT; PERCEPTIONS AB Tamarisk species (genus Tamarix), also commonly known as saltcedar, are among the most successful plant invaders in the western United States. At the same time, tamarisk has been cited as having enormous economic costs. Accordingly, local, state, and federal agencies have undertaken considerable efforts to eradicate this invasive plant and restore riparian habitats to pre-invasion status. Traditional eradication methods, including herbicide treatments, are now considered undesirable, because they are costly and often have unintended negative impacts on native species. A new biological control agent, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata), has been released along many watersheds in the western US, to reduce the extent of tamarisk cover in riparian areas. However, the use of this insect as a biological control agent may have unintended ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic consequences that need to be anticipated by land managers and stakeholders undertaking restoration efforts. Here, we examine the possible ramifications of tamarisk control and offer recommendations to reduce potential negative impacts on valued riparian systems in the western US. C1 [Hultine, Kevin R.; Ehleringer, James R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [van Riper, Charles, III; Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Inst, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dennison, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lee, Martha E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Snyder, Keirith A.; Uselman, Shauna M.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV USA. [West, Jason B.] Texas AgriLife Res, Uvalde, TX USA. [West, Jason B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Uvalde, TX USA. RP Hultine, KR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM hultine@biology.utah.edu RI West, Jason/G-8833-2012; OI West, Jason/0000-0002-7811-8020; Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 NR 53 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 79 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 9 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1890/090031 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679KG UT WOS:000284159700017 ER PT J AU Hobbs, RJ Cole, DN Yung, L Zavaleta, ES Aplet, GH Chapin, FS Landres, PB Parsons, DJ Stephenson, NL White, PS Graber, DM Higgs, ES Millar, CI Randall, JM Tonnessen, KA Woodley, S AF Hobbs, Richard J. Cole, David N. Yung, Laurie Zavaleta, Erika S. Aplet, Gregory H. Chapin, F. Stuart, III Landres, Peter B. Parsons, David J. Stephenson, Nathan L. White, Peter S. Graber, David M. Higgs, Eric S. Millar, Constance I. Randall, John M. Tonnessen, Kathy A. Woodley, Stephen TI Guiding concepts for park and wilderness stewardship in an era of global environmental change SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID PROTECTED AREAS; HUMAN FOOTPRINT; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; WORLD AB The major challenge to stewardship of protected areas is to decide where, when, and how to intervene in physical and biological processes, to conserve what we value in these places. To make such decisions, planners and managers must articulate more clearly the purposes of parks, what is valued, and what needs to be sustained. A key aim for conservation today is the maintenance and restoration of biodiversity, but a broader range of values are also likely to be considered important, including ecological integrity, resilience, historical fidelity (ie the ecosystem appears and functions much as it did in the past), and autonomy of nature. Until recently, the concept of "naturalness" was the guiding principle when making conservation-related decisions in park and wilderness ecosystems. However, this concept is multifaceted and often means different things to different people, including notions of historical fidelity and autonomy from human influence. Achieving the goal of nature conservation intended for such areas requires a clear articulation of management objectives, which must be geared to the realities of the rapid environmental changes currently underway. We advocate a pluralistic approach that incorporates a suite of guiding principles, including historical fidelity, autonomy of nature, ecological integrity, and resilience, as well as managing with humility. The relative importance of these guiding principles will vary, depending on management goals and ecological conditions. C1 [Hobbs, Richard J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Cole, David N.; Landres, Peter B.; Parsons, David J.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Yung, Laurie] Univ Montana, Wilderness Inst, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zavaleta, Erika S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aplet, Gregory H.] Wilderness Soc, Denver, CO USA. [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. [White, Peter S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Graber, David M.] Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Higgs, Eric S.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA USA. [Randall, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Randall, John M.] Nature Conservancy, Davis, CA USA. [Tonnessen, Kathy A.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Woodley, Stephen] Pk Canada, Ecosyst Sci, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. RP Hobbs, RJ (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA, Australia. EM rhobbs@cyllene.uwa.edu.au RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010; OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 FU Australian Research Council FX We thank the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute for financial support to run two workshops during 2007-08, which led to the development of the ideas presented here. RJH received support from the Australian Research Council through an ARC Australian Professorial Fellowship. NR 43 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 88 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 9 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1890/090089 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679KG UT WOS:000284159700019 ER PT J AU Weislogel, AL Graham, SA Chang, EZ Wooden, JL Gehrels, GE AF Weislogel, A. L. Graham, S. A. Chang, E. Z. Wooden, J. L. Gehrels, G. E. TI Detrital zircon provenance from three turbidite depocenters of the Middle-Upper Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex, central China: Record of collisional tectonics, erosional exhumation, and sediment production SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL CHINA; GARZE FOLD BELT; ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM; COESITE-BEARING ECLOGITES; GA CONTINENTAL-CRUST; QINLING-DABIE OROGEN; TAN-LU FAULT; TIBETAN PLATEAU; SOUTH CHINA; NORTH CHINA AB To test the idea that the voluminous upper Middle to Upper Triassic turbidite strata in the Songpan-Ganzi complex of central China archive a detrital record of Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane unroofing, we report 2080 single detrital U-Pb zircon ages by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis from 29 eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex sandstone samples. Low (<0.07) Th/U zircons, consistent with crystallization under UHP conditions, are rare in eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex zircon, and U-Pb ages of low Th/U zircons are incompatible with a Dabie terrane source. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean nearest-neighbor analysis of Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test results reveals that the eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex is not a single contiguous turbidite system but is instead composed of three subsidiary depocenters, each associated with distinct sediment sources. The northeastern depocenter contains zircon ages characterized by Paleozoic and bimodally distributed Precambrian zircon populations, which, together with south- to southeast-directed paleocurrent data, indicate derivation from the retro-side of the Qinling-Dabie (Q-D) collisional orogen wedge. In the central depocenter, the dominantly Paleozoic detrital zircon signature and south- to southwest-oriented paleocurrent indicators reflect a profusion of Paleozoic zircon grains. These data are interpreted to reflect an influx of material derived from erosion of Paleozoic supra-UHP rocks of the Dabie terrane in the eastern Qinling-Dabie orogen, which we speculate may have been enhanced by development of a monsoonal climate. This suggests that erosional unroofing played a significant role in the initial phase of UHP exhumation and likely influenced the petrotectonic and structural evolution of the Qinling-Dabie orogen, as evidenced by compressed Triassic isotherms/grads reported in the Huwan shear zone that bounds the Dabie terrane to the north. The central depocenter deposits reflect a later influx of bimodally distributed Precambrian zircon, signifying either a decrease in the influx of Paleozoic zircon grains due to stalled UHP exhumation and/or dilution of the same influx of Paleozoic zircons by spilling of Precambrian zircon from the northeastern depocenter into the central depocenter basin, perhaps due to infilling and bypass of sediment from the northern depocenter or due to initial collapse and constriction of the eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex basin. The southeastern depocenter of the eastern Songpan-Ganzi complex bears significant Paleozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Paleoproterozoic zircon populations derived from the South China block and Yidun arc complex, likely recording nascent uplift of the Longmenshan deformation belt due to impingement of the Yidun arc complex upon the western margin of the South China block. C1 [Weislogel, A. L.; Graham, S. A.; Chang, E. Z.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wooden, J. L.] Stanford US Geol Survey Micro Anal Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gehrels, G. E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Weislogel, AL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aweislogel@geo.ua.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0408752]; Stanford-China Geosciences Industrial Affiliates Program; Stanford University FX Results presented here are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-0408752, the Stanford-China Geosciences Industrial Affiliates Program, and Stanford University McGee Fund. We thank Stanford University Micro-Analytical Center personnel for assistance with sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses and Arizona Laserchron Center personnel for assistance with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses. M. Bianchi provided MATLAB assistance. Excellent reviews by S. Wilde, P. Kapp, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. The authors acknowledge Hengshu Yang of the Northwest Sichuan Geological Bureau for help with field work. NR 131 TC 50 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 31 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 122 IS 11-12 BP 2041 EP 2062 DI 10.1130/B26606.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 671XD UT WOS:000283546200019 ER PT J AU Claiborne, LL Miller, CF Flanagan, DM Clynne, MA Wooden, JL AF Claiborne, Lily L. Miller, Calvin F. Flanagan, Daniel M. Clynne, Michael A. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Zircon reveals protracted magma storage and recycling beneath Mount St. Helens SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPIRIT MOUNTAIN; CRYSTALLIZATION; ARC; BATHOLITH; NEVADA; ROCKS; PHENOCRYSTS; TEMPERATURE; TIMESCALES; SATURATION AB Current data and models for Mount St. Helens volcano (Washington, United States) suggest relatively rapid transport from magma genesis to eruption, with no evidence for protracted storage or recycling of magmas. However, we show here that complex zircon age populations extending back hundreds of thousands of years from eruption age indicate that magmas regularly stall in the crust, cool and crystallize beneath the volcano, and are then rejuvenated and incorporated by hotter, young magmas on their way to the surface. Estimated dissolution times suggest that entrained zircon generally resided in rejuvenating magmas for no more than about a century. Zircon elemental compositions reflect the increasing influence of mafic input into the system through time, recording growth from hotter, less evolved magmas tens of thousands of years prior to the appearance of mafic magmas at the surface, or changes in whole-rock geochemistry and petrology, and providing a new, time-correlated record of this evolution independent of the eruption history. Zircon data thus reveal the history of the hidden, long-lived intrusive portion of the Mount St. Helens system, where melt and crystals are stored for as long as hundreds of thousands of years and interact with fresh influxes of magmas that traverse the intrusive reservoir before erupting. C1 [Claiborne, Lily L.; Miller, Calvin F.; Flanagan, Daniel M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. [Clynne, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Claiborne, LL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0635922] FX We thank John Pallister, Kari Cooper, and Jake Lowenstern for participating in enlightening discussions and sharing resources, Ed Wolfe for guidance in the field, Charlie Bacon and Jorge Vazquez at the U.S. Geological Survey, and Georg Zellmer, Brian Jicha, and an anonymous reviewer whose suggestions improved this paper. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0635922. NR 34 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1011 EP 1014 DI 10.1130/G31285.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 675TR UT WOS:000283859200016 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Singletary, MA AF Chapelle, Francis H. Singletary, Michael A. TI Combining Source-Area Treatment with MNA: A Tale of Two Sites SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Singletary, Michael A.] USN, Facil Engn Command SE, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 803 EP 805 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 675KB UT WOS:000283828300009 PM 21416660 ER PT J AU Starn, JJ Bagtzoglou, AC Robbins, GA AF Starn, J. Jeffrey Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C. Robbins, Gary A. TI Using Atmospheric Tracers to Reduce Uncertainty in Groundwater Recharge Areas SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE ZONES; PROTECTION; SIMULATION; MODELS AB A Monte Carlo-based approach to assess uncertainty in recharge areas shows that incorporation of atmospheric tracer observations (in this case, tritium concentration) and prior information on model parameters leads to more precise predictions of recharge areas. Variance-covariance matrices, from model calibration and calculation of sensitivities, were used to generate parameter sets that account for parameter correlation and uncertainty. Constraining parameter sets to those that met acceptance criteria, which included a standard error criterion, did not appear to bias model results. Although the addition of atmospheric tracer observations and prior information produced similar changes in the extent of predicted recharge areas, prior information had the effect of increasing probabilities within the recharge area to a greater extent than atmospheric tracer observations. Uncertainty in the recharge area propagates into predictions that directly affect water quality, such as land cover in the recharge area associated with a well and the residence time associated with the well. Assessments of well vulnerability that depend on these factors should include an assessment of model parameter uncertainty. A formal simulation of parameter uncertainty can be used to delineate probabilistic recharge areas, and the results can be expressed in ways that can be useful to water-resource managers. Although no one model is the correct model, the results of multiple models can be evaluated in terms of the decision being made and the probability of a given outcome from each model. C1 [Starn, J. Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Starn, J. Jeffrey; Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, UNIT 2037, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Robbins, Gary A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Unit 4087, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Starn, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM jjstarn@usgs.gov; acb@engr.uconn.edu; gary.robbins@uconn.edu RI Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios/C-4563-2011; OI Starn, Jon/0000-0001-5909-0010 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 858 EP 868 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00674.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 675KB UT WOS:000283828300015 PM 21416662 ER PT J AU Jurgens, BC Fram, MS Belitz, K Burow, KR Landon, MK AF Jurgens, Bryant C. Fram, Miranda S. Belitz, Kenneth Burow, Karen R. Landon, Matthew K. TI Effects of Groundwater Development on Uranium: Central Valley, California, USA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; NOBLE-GASES; UNITED-STATES; WATER; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXATION; QUALITY; CARBONATE; URANYL; FERRIHYDRITE AB Uranium (U) concentrations in groundwater in several parts of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, have exceeded federal and state drinking water standards during the last 20 years. The San Joaquin Valley is located within the Central Valley of California and is one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world. Increased irrigation and pumping associated with agricultural and urban development during the last 100 years have changed the chemistry and magnitude of groundwater recharge, and increased the rate of downward groundwater movement. Strong correlations between U and bicarbonate suggest that U is leached from shallow sediments by high bicarbonate water, consistent with findings of previous work in Modesto, California. Summer irrigation of crops in agricultural areas and, to lesser extent, of landscape plants and grasses in urban areas, has increased Pco(2) concentrations in the soil zone and caused higher temperature and salinity of groundwater recharge. Coupled with groundwater pumping, this process, as evidenced by increasing bicarbonate concentrations in groundwater over the last 100 years, has caused shallow, young groundwater with high U concentrations to migrate to deeper parts of the groundwater system that are tapped by public-supply wells. Continued downward migration of U-affected groundwater and expansion of urban centers into agricultural areas will likely be associated with increased U concentrations in public-supply wells. The results from this study illustrate the potential long-term effects of groundwater development and irrigation-supported agriculture on water quality in arid and semiarid regions around the world. C1 [Jurgens, Bryant C.; Fram, Miranda S.; Burow, Karen R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Belitz, Kenneth; Landon, Matthew K.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Jurgens, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bjurgens@usgs.gov OI Fram, Miranda/0000-0002-6337-059X FU California State Water Resources Control Board FX This work was supported by the California State Water Resources Control Board with help from landowners and water purveyors throughout the San Joaquin Valley. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and helpful suggestions. Major improvements also resulted from reviews by Robert A. Zielinski and Steven P. Phillips. We also thank David L. Parkhurst for his helpful guidance with the surface complexation model used in this paper. NR 71 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 913 EP 928 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00635.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 675KB UT WOS:000283828300022 PM 19788559 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Tanaka, KL Berman, DC Kargel, JS AF Rodriguez, Jose Alexis Palmero Tanaka, Kenneth L. Berman, Daniel C. Kargel, Jeffrey S. TI Late Hesperian plains formation and degradation in a low sedimentation zone of the northern lowlands of Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Polar geology; Northern plains, Hydrology ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; BLIND THRUST FAULTS; MOLA DATA; POLYGONAL TERRAIN; CHRYSE-PLANITIA; UTOPIA PLANITIA; ANCIENT OCEANS; POLAR-REGION; WATER; HISTORY AB The plains materials that form the martian northern lowlands suggest large-scale sedimentation in this part of the planet. The general view is that these sedimentary materials were transported from zones of highland erosion via outflow channels and other fluvial systems. The study region, the northern circum-polar plains south of Gemini Scopuli on Planum Boreum, comprises the only extensive zone in the martian northern lowlands that does not include sub-basin floors nor is downstream from outflow channel systems. Therefore, within this zone, the ponding of fluids and fluidized sediments associated with outflow channel discharges is less likely to have taken place relative to sub-basin areas that form the other northern circum-polar plains surrounding Planum Boreum. Our findings indicate that during the Late Hesperian sedimentary deposits produced by the erosion of an ancient cratered landscape, as well as via sedimentary volcanism, were regionally emplaced to form extensive plains materials within the study region. The distribution and magnitude of surface degradation suggest that groundwater emergence from an aquifer that extended from the Arabia Terra cratered highlands to the northern lowlands took place non-catastrophically and regionally within the study region through faulted upper crustal materials. In our model the margin of the Utopia basin adjacent to the study region may have acted as a boundary to this aquifer. Partial destruction and dehydration of these Late Hesperian plains, perhaps induced by high thermal anomalies resulting from the low thermal conductivity of these materials, led to the formation of extensive knobby fields and pedestal craters. During the Early Amazonian, the rates of regional resurfacing within the study region decreased significantly; perhaps because the knobby ridges forming the eroded impact crater rims and contractional ridges consisted of thermally conductive indurated materials, thereby inducing freezing of the tectonically controlled waterways associated with these features. This hypothesis would explain why these features were not completely destroyed. During the Late Amazonian, high-obliquity conditions may have led to the removal of large volumes of volatiles and sediments being eroded from Planum Boreum, which then may have been re-deposited as thick, circum-polar plains. Transition into low obliquity similar to 5 myr ago may have led to progressive destabilization of these materials leading to collapse and pedestal crater formation. Our model does not contraindicate possible large-scale ponding of fluids in the northern lowlands, such as for example the formation of water and/or mud oceans. In fact, it provides a complementary mechanism involving large-scale groundwater discharges within the northern lowlands for the emplacement of fluids and sediments, which could have potentially contributed to the formation of these bodies. Nevertheless, our model would spatially restrict to surrounding parts of the northern plain either the distribution of the oceans or the zones within these where significant sedimentary accumulation would have taken place. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez, Jose Alexis Palmero; Berman, Daniel C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kargel, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM alexis@psi.edu FU NASA [NNX07AR08G] FX This work was largely funded by NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program Grant# NNX07AR08G. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions have resulted in the significant improvement of this manuscript. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV PY 2010 VL 210 IS 1 BP 116 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.04.025 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665LH UT WOS:000283036100011 ER PT J AU Song, WZ Huang, RJ Xu, MS Shirazi, BA LaHusen, R AF Song, Wen-Zhan Huang, Renjie Xu, Mingsen Shirazi, Behrooz A. LaHusen, Richard TI Design and Deployment of Sensor Network for Real-Time High-Fidelity Volcano Monitoring SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SensorWeb; volcano monitoring; design and deployment AB This paper presents the design and deployment experience of an air-dropped wireless sensor network for volcano hazard monitoring. The deployment of five self-contained stations into the rugged crater of Mount St. Helens only took one hour with a helicopter. The stations communicate with each other through an amplified 802.15.4 radio and establish a self-forming and self-healing multihop wireless network. The transmit distance between stations was up to 8 km with favorable topography. Each sensor station collects and delivers real-time continuous seismic, infrasonic, lightning, GPS raw data to a gateway. The main contribution of this paper is the design of a robust sensor network optimized for rapid deployment during periods of volcanic unrest and provide real-time long-term volcano monitoring. The system supports UTC-time-synchronized data acquisition with 1 ms accuracy, and is remotely configurable. It has been tested in the lab environment, the outdoor campus, and the volcano crater. Despite the heavy rain, snow, and ice as well as gusts exceeding 160 km per hour, the sensor network has achieved a remarkable packet delivery ratio above 99 percent with an overall system uptime of about 93.8 percent over the 1.5 months evaluation period after deployment. Our initial deployment experiences with the system demonstrated to discipline scientists that a low-cost sensor network system can support real-time monitoring in extremely harsh environments. C1 [Song, Wen-Zhan] Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Huang, Renjie; Xu, Mingsen; Shirazi, Behrooz A.] Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, VELS 102, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [LaHusen, Richard] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Song, WZ (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 34 Peachtree St NW,Suite 1430, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM songwz@cs.gsu.edu; renjie_huang@wsu.edu; mingsen_xu@wsu.edu; shirazi@wsu.edu; rlahusen@usgs.gov FU NASA ESTO AIST; USGS [NNX06AE42G] FX The OASIS project has received enormous support from many USGS and JPL scientists and engineers. To name a few, USGS participants include John Pallister, Dan Dzurisin, Seth Moran, and Mike Lisowski; and JPL participants include Sharon Kedar, Steve Chien, Frank Webb, Joshua Doubleday, Danny Tran, Ashley Davis, and David Pieri. Matt Welsh of Harvard University also gave us many insightful suggestions. This work is supported by the NASA ESTO AIST program and the USGS Volcano Hazard program under the research grant NNX06AE42G. The short version has been published in Mobisys 2009 [10]. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1658 EP 1674 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2010.37 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 653KN UT WOS:000282090100009 ER PT J AU Amarello, M Nowak, EM Taylor, EN Schuett, GW Repp, RA Rosen, PC Hardy, DL AF Amarello, Melissa Nowak, Erika M. Taylor, Emily N. Schuett, Gordon W. Repp, Roger A. Rosen, Philip C. Hardy, David L., Sr. TI Potential environmental influences on variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism among Arizona populations of the western diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Ectotherm; Precipitation; Reptile; Resource availability; Seasonality; Temperature ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY; SAGEBRUSH LIZARD; SNAKES; VIPERIDAE; SERPENTES; GROWTH; CONSTRAINTS; PLASTICITY AB Differences in resource availability and quality along environmental gradients are important influences contributing to intraspecific variation in body size, which influences numerous life-history traits. Here, we examined variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in relation to temperature, seasonality, and precipitation among 10 populations located throughout Arizona of the western diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Specifically, in our analyses we addressed the following questions: (i) Are adult males larger in cooler, wetter areas? (ii) Does female body size respond differently to environmental variation? (iii) Is seasonality a better predictor of body size variation? (iv) Is SSD positively correlated with increased resources? We demonstrate that male and female C. atrox are larger in body size in cooler (i.e., lower average annual maximum, minimum, and mean temperature) and wetter areas (i.e., higher average annual precipitation, more variable precipitation, and available surface water). Although SSD in C. atrox appeared to be more pronounced in cooler, wetter areas, this relationship did not achieve statistical significance. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Amarello, Melissa; Rosen, Philip C.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nowak, Erika M.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Taylor, Emily N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Schuett, Gordon W.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Schuett, Gordon W.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr Behav Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Repp, Roger A.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Amarello, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, SoLS Grad Program, POB 874601, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM melissa.amarello@asu.edu; erika.nowak@nau.edu; etaylor@calpoly.edu; biogws@langate.gsu.edu; repp@noao.edu; pcrosen@email.arizona.edu; clhardysr@theriver.com FU Arizona Game and Fish Heritage Fund; Arizona State University; National Park Service; National Science Foundation; late M. Nowak; US Geological Survey; Western National Parks Association FX This research was possible through the cooperation of numerous landowners and managers (National Park Service, Stone Canyon Golf Club, Vistoso Partners, LLC,) and the hard work of many field technicians, collaborators, and volunteers: T. Baker, J. Bortle, J. Capps, C. Cochran, C. Contreras, A. Dee, D. DeNardo, S. Ehret, M. Feldner, L. Gilmore, M. Goode, H. Greene, H.-W. Herrmann, E. Landeen, A. Madara-Yagla, M. Malawy, A.J. Monatesti, E. Oakley, B. Parker, T. Richins, P. Rosenfeld, M. Santana-Bendix, J. Schofer, J. Smith, L. Smith, M. Spille, S. Stumpf, J. Walker, and staff from Montezuma Castle, Tuzigoot, and Tonto National Monuments. We would like to thank the Arizona Game and Fish Heritage Fund, Arizona State University, National Park Service, National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (to ENT and MA), the late M. Nowak, US Geological Survey, and the Western National Parks Association for funding aspects of this project. M. Angilletta, C. Montgomery, M. Sears, J. Smith, and members of the K. Lips and M. Sears laboratories improved previous versions of this manuscript. All animal use complies with the current laws of the United States and was approved by Arizona State University, Northern Arizona University, or University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees; snakes were collected under Arizona Game and Fish Commission scientific collection permits issued to each author. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 48 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1443 EP 1449 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.05.019 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659DQ UT WOS:000282547600011 ER PT J AU Rawlins, MA Steele, M Holland, MM Adam, JC Cherry, JE Francis, JA Groisman, PY Hinzman, LD Huntington, TG Kane, DL Kimball, JS Kwok, R Lammers, RB Lee, CM Lettenmaier, DP McDonald, KC Podest, E Pundsack, JW Rudels, B Serreze, MC Shiklomanov, A Skagseth, O Troy, TJ Vorosmarty, CJ Wensnahan, M Wood, EF Woodgate, R Yang, DQ Zhang, K Zhang, TJ AF Rawlins, Michael A. Steele, Michael Holland, Marika M. Adam, Jennifer C. Cherry, Jessica E. Francis, Jennifer A. Groisman, Pavel Ya. Hinzman, Larry D. Huntington, Thomas G. Kane, Douglas L. Kimball, John S. Kwok, Ron Lammers, Richard B. Lee, Craig M. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. McDonald, Kyle C. Podest, Erika Pundsack, Jonathan W. Rudels, Bert Serreze, Mark C. Shiklomanov, Alexander Skagseth, Oystein Troy, Tara J. Voeroesmarty, Charles J. Wensnahan, Mark Wood, Eric F. Woodgate, Rebecca Yang, Daqing Zhang, Ke Zhang, Tingjun TI Analysis of the Arctic System for Freshwater Cycle Intensification: Observations and Expectations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MACKENZIE RIVER-BASIN; MOORED CURRENT METERS; PAST 4 DECADES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; ATLANTIC INFLOW; BEAUFORT GYRE; HEAT FLUXES AB Hydrologic cycle intensification is an expected manifestation of a warming climate. Although positive trends in several global average quantities have been reported, no previous studies have documented broad intensification across elements of the Arctic freshwater cycle (FWC). In this study, the authors examine the character and quantitative significance of changes in annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge across the terrestrial pan-Arctic over the past several decades from observations and a suite of coupled general circulation models (GCMs). Trends in freshwater flux and storage derived from observations across the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas are also described. With few exceptions, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge fluxes from observations and the GCMs exhibit positive trends. Significant positive trends above the 90% confidence level, however, are not present for all of the observations. Greater confidence in the GCM trends arises through lower interannual variability relative to trend magnitude. Put another way, intrinsic variability in the observations tends to limit confidence in trend robustness. Ocean fluxes are less certain, primarily because of the lack of long-term observations. Where available, salinity and volume flux data suggest some decrease in saltwater inflow to the Barents Sea (i.e., a decrease in freshwater outflow) in recent decades. A decline in freshwater storage across the central Arctic Ocean and suggestions that large-scale circulation plays a dominant role in freshwater trends raise questions as to whether Arctic Ocean freshwater flows are intensifying. Although oceanic fluxes of freshwater are highly variable and consistent trends are difficult to verify, the other components of the Arctic FWC do show consistent positive trends over recent decades. The broad-scale increases provide evidence that the Arctic FWCis experiencing intensification. Efforts that aim to develop an adequate observation system are needed to reduce uncertainties and to detect and document ongoing changes in all system components for further evidence of Arctic FWC intensification. C1 [Rawlins, Michael A.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Steele, Michael; Wensnahan, Mark; Woodgate, Rebecca] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Holland, Marika M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Adam, Jennifer C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cherry, Jessica E.; Hinzman, Larry D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Francis, Jennifer A.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Highlands, NJ USA. [Groisman, Pavel Ya.] UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Huntington, Thomas G.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. [Kane, Douglas L.; Yang, Daqing] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst No Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Kimball, John S.; Zhang, Ke] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kwok, Ron; McDonald, Kyle C.; Podest, Erika] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lammers, Richard B.; Pundsack, Jonathan W.; Shiklomanov, Alexander] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lee, Craig M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Ocean Phys Dept, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Rudels, Bert] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Rudels, Bert] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Serreze, Mark C.; Zhang, Tingjun] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Skagseth, Oystein] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Skagseth, Oystein] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Troy, Tara J.; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Voeroesmarty, Charles J.] CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Rawlins, MA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rawlins@geo.umass.edu RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Zhang, Ke/B-3227-2012; Hinzman, Larry/B-3309-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Shiklomanov, Alexander/C-5521-2014; OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530; Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; Zhang, Ke/0000-0001-5288-9372; Hinzman, Larry/0000-0002-5878-6814; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Troy, Tara/0000-0001-5366-0633 FU National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; NASA [NNG06GE43G, NNH04AA66I, NNH08AI57I, NNX08AN58G]; NSF [ARC-0531040, ARC-0531302, ARC-0612062, ARC-0629471, ARC-0632154, ARC-0632231, ARC-0633885, ARC-0652838, ARC-0805789, OPP-0229705, OPP-0230083, OPP-0230211, OPP-0230381, OPP-0328686, OPP-0335941, OPP-0352754]; New Hampshire Space Grant Consortium FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs through the Freshwater Integration Project and from NASA's Cryosphere Program. Funding was provided through NSF Grants ARC-0531040, ARC-0531302, ARC-0612062, ARC-0629471, ARC-0632154, ARC-0632231, ARC-0633885, ARC-0652838, ARC-0805789, OPP-0229705, OPP-0230083, OPP-0230211, OPP-0230381, OPP-0328686, OPP-0335941, and OPP-0352754 and NASA Grants NNG06GE43G, NNH04AA66I, NNH08AI57I, and NNX08AN58G. The lead author was supported by fellowships from the NASA Postdoctoral Program and the New Hampshire Space Grant Consortium. Portions of this work were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 154 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 21 BP 5715 EP 5737 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 683HG UT WOS:000284463700010 ER PT J AU Ogston, AS Field, ME AF Ogston, Andrea S. Field, Michael E. TI Predictions of Turbidity Due to Enhanced Sediment Resuspension Resulting from Sea-Level Rise on a Fringing Coral Reef: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sediment budget; wave dissipation; suspended sediment ID SOUTHERN MOLOKAI; WAVE-DRIVEN; FLOW; FLAT; ARCHIPELAGO; MORPHOLOGY; AUSTRALIA; MORTALITY; SUBLETHAL; STRESS AB Accelerating sea level rise associated with global climate change will affect sedimentary processes on coral reefs and other shoreline environments by increasing energy and sediment resuspension On reefs sedimentation is known to increase coral stress and bleaching as particles that settle on coral surfaces interfere with photosynthesis and feeding and turbidity induced by suspended sediment reduces incident light levels Using relationships developed from observations of wave orbital velocity water surface elevation and suspended sediment concentration on a fringing reef flat of Molokai Hawaii predictions of the average daily maximum in suspended sediment concentration increase from similar to 11 mg/l to similar to 20 mg/l with 20 cm sea level rise The duration of time concentrations exceeds 10 mg/l increases from 9% to 37% An evaluation of the reduction of wave energy flux through breaking and frictional dissipation across the reef flat shows an increase of similar to 80% relative to the present will potentially reach the shoreline as sea level increases by 20 cm Where the shoreline exists on low, flat terrain the increased energy could cause significant erosion of the shoreline Considering the sediment budget the sediment flux is predicted to increase and removal of fine grained sediment may be expedited on some fringing reefs, and sediment in storage on the inner reef could ultimately be reduced However increased shoreline erosion may add sediment and offset removal from the reef flat The shifts in sediment availability and transport that will occur as result of a modest increase in sea level have wide application to fringing coral reefs elsewhere as well as other shoreline environments C1 [Ogston, Andrea S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Field, Michael E.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ogston, AS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, BOx 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU U S Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the U S Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program C Storlazzi, J Logan, and K Presto made valuable contributions to the field studies and to the evolution of the ideas expressed in this paper NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 28 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1037 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00064.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 682YP UT WOS:000284439200005 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Hoerger, CC Meyer, MT Wettstein, FE Hubbard, LE Bucheli, TD AF Kolpin, Dana W. Hoerger, Corinne C. Meyer, Michael T. Wettstein, Felix E. Hubbard, Laura E. Bucheli, Thomas D. TI Phytoestrogens and Mycotoxins in Iowa Streams: An Examination of Underinvestigated Compounds in Agricultural Basins SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ISOFLAVONE CONCENTRATION; ESTROGENIC ISOFLAVONES; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; INTERNAL STANDARDS; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM; HERBICIDES; SAMPLES AB This study provides the first broad-scale investigation on the spatial and temporal occurrence of phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in streams in the United States. Fifteen stream sites across Iowa were sampled five times throughout the 2008 growing season to capture a range of climatic and crop-growth conditions. Basin size upstream from sampling sites ranged from 7 km(2) to >836,000 km(2). Atrazine (herbicide) also was measured in all samples as a frame-of-reference agriculturally derived contaminant. Target compounds were frequently detected in stream samples: atrazine (100%), formononetin (80%), equol (45%), deoxynivalenol (43%), daidzein (32%), biochanin A (23%), zearalenone (13%), and genistein (11%). The nearly ubiquitous detection of formononetin (isoflavone) suggests a widespread agricultural source, as one would expect with the intense row crop and livestock production present across Iowa. Conversely, the less spatially widespread detections of deoxynivalenol (mycotoxin) suggest a more variable source due to the required combination of proper host and proper temperature and moisture conditions necessary to promote Fusarium spp. infections. Although atrazine concentrations commonly exceeded 100 ng L(-1) (42/75 measurements), only deoxynivalenol (6/56 measurements) had concentrations that occasionally exceeded this level. Temporal patterns in concentrations varied substantially between atrazine, formononetin, and deoxynivalenol, as one would expect for contaminants with different source inputs and processes of formation and degradation. The greatest phytoestrogen and mycotoxin concentrations were observed during spring snowmelt conditions. Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins were detected at all sampling sites regardless of basin size. The ecotoxicological effects from long-term, low-level exposures to phytoestrogens and mycotoxins or complex chemicals mixtures including these compounds that commonly take place in surface water are poorly understood and have yet to be systematically investigated in environmental studies. C1 [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Hoerger, Corinne C.; Wettstein, Felix E.; Bucheli, Thomas D.] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon, Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Suite 269, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU Swiss Federal Office for the Environment FX The authors thank USGS personnel Jim Cerveny, Aimee Donnelly, Jessica Garret, Doug Goodrich, Steve Kalkhoff, Rich Kopish, Jon Nania, Kate Segreto, and Scott Strader for their assistance with sample collection and Kris Lund for her assistance with compiling the streamflow data for this study. The Swiss Federal Office for the Environment is acknowledged for their financial support. NR 51 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2089 EP 2099 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0121 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200024 PM 21284307 ER PT J AU Kraus, TEC Anderson, CA Morgenstern, K Downing, BD Pellerin, BA Bergamaschi, BA AF Kraus, Tamara E. C. Anderson, Chauncey A. Morgenstern, Karl Downing, Bryan D. Pellerin, Brian A. Bergamaschi, Brian A. TI Determining Sources of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors to the McKenzie River, Oregon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; FORMATION POTENTIALS; PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; DRINKING-WATER; MATTER; DOC; ABSORPTION; TRIHALOMETHANES; CATCHMENTS AB This study was conducted to determine the main sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors to the McKenzie River, Oregon (USA). Water samples collected from the mainstem, tributaries, and reservoir outflows were analyzed for DOC concentration and DBP formation potentials (trihalomethanes [THMFPs] and haloacetic acids [HAAFPs]). In addition, optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were measured to provide insight into DOM composition and assess whether optical properties are useful proxies for DOC and DBP precursor concentrations. Optical properties indicative of composition suggest that DOM in the McKenzie River mainstem was primarily allochthonous-derived from soils and plant material in the upstream watershed. Downstream tributaries had higher DOC concentrations than mainstem sites (1.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.3 mg L(-1)) but comprised <5% of mainstem flows and had minimal effect on overall DBP precursor loads. Water exiting two large upstream reservoirs also had higher DOC concentrations than the mainstem site upstream of the reservoirs, but optical data did not support in situ algal production as a source of the added DOC during the study. Results suggest that the first major rain event I in the fall contributes DOM with high DBP precursor content. Although there was interference in the absorbance spectra in downstream tributary samples, fluorescence data were strongly correlated to DOC concentration (R(2) = 0.98), THMFP (R(2) = 0.98), and HAAFP (R(2) = 0.96). These results highlight the value of using optical measurements for identifying the concentration and sources of DBP precursors in watersheds, which will help drinking water utilities improve source water monitoring and management programs. C1 [Kraus, Tamara E. C.; Downing, Bryan D.; Pellerin, Brian A.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Anderson, Chauncey A.] USGS Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Morgenstern, Karl] Eugene Water & Elect Board, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. RP Kraus, TEC (reprint author), USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tkraus@usgs.gov RI Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012; OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU Eugene Water and Electric Board; USGS FX This project was funded by the Eugene Water and Electric Board in collaboration with USGS. We thank the following people for their help with field work, laboratory analyses, and data processing-Steve Blair, Kurt Carpenter, Kathryn Crepeau, Jacob Fleck, Will Kerlin, John Franco Saraceno, and Travis von Dessonneck. The use of brand or firm names in this article is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by USGS. NR 66 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2100 EP 2112 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0030 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200025 PM 21284308 ER PT J AU Jolley, JC Willis, DW Holland, RS AF Jolley, Jeffrey C. Willis, David W. Holland, Richard S. TI Match-Mismatch Regulation for Bluegill and Yellow Perch Larvae and Their Prey in Sandhill Lakes SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sandhills lakes; Valentine National Wildlife Refuge; predator-prey dynamics; recruitment; phenology; survival; food habits AB Food availability may regulate fish recruitment, both directly and indirectly. The availability of zooplankton, especially to newly hatched larvae, is thought to be crucial to their early growth and survival. We examined stomach contents of larval bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Pelican Lake and Cameron Lake, Nebraska, in 2004 and 2005. We also determined zooplankton availability and calculated prey selection using Chesson's alpha. In addition, we investigated potential match-mismatch regulation of recruitment from 2004 to 2008. Bluegill positively selected copepod nauplii and Bosmina spp., and yellow perch often selected copepods. Abundant zooplankton populations were available for consumption. Matches of both larval bluegill and yellow perch abundance to zooplankton abundance were detected in all years; exact matches were common. Mismatches in predator and prey production were not observed. Predation by age-0 yellow perch on age-0 bluegill was not observed, even though yellow perch hatched 2 mo prior to bluegill. Given that zooplankton were abundant and well-timed to larval fish relative abundance over the time span of this study, the match-mismatch hypothesis alone may not fully account for observed recruitment variability in these populations. Environmental conditions may also affect recruitment and warrant further investigation. C1 [Jolley, Jeffrey C.; Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Holland, Richard S.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68701 USA. RP Jolley, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jeffrey_jolley@fws.gov FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission [F-118-R] FX We thank A. Husman, E. Lorenzen, J. Rydell, D. Coulter, W. Bauer, and C. Longhenry for field and laboratory assistance. M. Lindvall and Valentine National Wildlife Refuge provided access to Pelican Lake and R. Lackaff provided access to Cameron Lake. We thank D. Graham, D. Hartmann, D. Kruger, and the Valentine State Fish Hatchery for assistance. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers and the Subject Editor for valuable improvement to this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-118-R. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.3996/062010-JFWM-018 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600003 ER PT J AU Bigelow, JP Rauw, WM Gomez-Raya, L AF Bigelow, John P. Rauw, Wendy M. Gomez-Raya, Luis TI Acclimation Improves Short-Term Survival of Hatchery Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in Water From Saline, Alkaline Walker Lake, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Lahontan cutthroat trout; alkalinity; Walker Lake; survival; acclimation; fork length; salinity AB We investigated the effectiveness of two acclimation protocols for 8-month-old Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi, reared at Lahontan National Fish Hatchery in terms of survival during a week-long challenge in water from saline, alkaline Walker Lake, Nevada. Fish were acclimated for 0 (control), 3, and 8 d by increasing the ratio of lake water to hatchery water. For the 3-d acclimation treatment, 50% of the tank water was replaced with lake water each day. For the 8-d treatment, 33% of the water was replaced with lake water on the first through fourth day of acclimation. Survival during acclimation (i.e., prior to the challenge) was lowest for fish acclimated 3 d. Median survival time during the lake water challenge was 8 h for unacclimated fish, and 8 and 12 h for fish surviving the 3- and 8-d acclimation treatments, respectively. No fish survived the entire week-long challenge. Compared with no acclimation, 3- and 8-d acclimation decreased the hazard of mortality during the challenge. Increased fork length also reduced the hazard of death. Our results indicate acceptable survival rates cannot be achieved for subyearling, hatchery-reared Lahontan cutthroat trout stocked in Walker Lake without acclimation or with the acclimation methods employed in this study. Our results indicate that the acclimation method might be improved by the use of longer fish, longer acclimation, and better control of water temperature, ammonia concentration, and alkalinity. C1 [Bigelow, John P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Bigelow, John P.; Rauw, Wendy M.; Gomez-Raya, Luis] Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Bigelow, JP (reprint author), 615 Jill Dr, Gardnerville, NV 89460 USA. EM jybglw@aol.com RI Rauw, Wendy/G-7327-2015 OI Rauw, Wendy/0000-0002-2885-1961 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex Fisheries Improvement Program FX We thank Sarah Bigelow, Derek Bloomquist, Alvin Duncan, Scott Foott, James Hoang, Erik Horgen, Art and Barbara Jones, Ed Kelly, Tim Loux, Corene Luton, Roger Peka, Kris Urquhart, Cassidy Williams, and Karie Wright for their assistance with this study. We also wish to thank the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management reviewers and Subject Editor for improving this article. This research was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex Fisheries Improvement Program. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.3996/012010-JFWM-001 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600004 ER PT J AU Haukos, D Martinez, S Heltzel, J AF Haukos, David Martinez, Stephanie Heltzel, Jeannie TI Characteristics of Ponds Used by Breeding Mottled Ducks on the Chenier Plain of the Texas Gulf Coast SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas fulvigula; Chenier Plain; mottled duck; National Wildlife Refuge; pair pond; Texas; waterfowl AB Mottled ducks Anas fulvigula are nonmigratory and primarily depend on habitats associated with coastal marshes of the Gulf Coast for their entire life cycle. Much of remaining available coastal marsh habitats of the Texas Gulf Coast are managed by state and federal agencies. The Texas Gulf Coast breeding population of mottled ducks has recently declined dramatically. To aid in development of management plans for breeding mottled ducks, we estimated the number of potential pair ponds available on the Texas Chenier Plain National Wildlife Refuge Complex relative to marsh type (fresh, intermediate, brackish, and saline), estimated occupancy, compared habitats of used and unused pair ponds, and evaluated pair pond selection relative to marsh type during spring 2004 and 2005. Greater than 18,000 ponds were recorded in >22,400 ha of coastal marsh with >74% of potential pair ponds in the intermediate marsh type. Average pond size of 425 randomly selected ponds across marsh types was 0.09 ha. Pond occupancy was estimated as 1.3% and 2.5% in 2004 and 2005, respectively, in 634 ponds surveyed for presence of mottled duck pairs. Mottled ducks selected for ponds in fresh marsh with short surrounding vegetation associated with recent cattle grazing, but avoided recently (<3 mo prior) burned areas. Pond area was greater with shallower water depth for used compared to unused ponds. The presence and coverage of submergent and emergent vegetation did not influence use of pair ponds by mottled ducks. Development of breeding habitat (pair ponds, nesting cover, brood habitat) in fresh marsh will benefit mottled ducks. Our results indicate development of breeding habitat on the Texas Gulf Coast, and vegetation management using cattle grazing timed for disturbance in fresh marsh during mid-to late winter and early spring will further attract breeding mottled ducks. C1 [Haukos, David] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Martinez, Stephanie; Heltzel, Jeannie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anahuac, TX 77514 USA. RP Haukos, D (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, MS 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM david.haukos@ttu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2, Migratory Bird Office FX Funding for the study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2, Migratory Bird Office and administered by the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Texas Tech University. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.3996/032010-JFWM-005 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600005 ER PT J AU Krementz, DG Luscier, JD AF Krementz, David G. Luscier, Jason D. TI Woodpecker Densities in the Big Woods of Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE woodpeckers; density; Big Woods; Arkansas; bottomland hardwood forests AB Sightings of the now-feared-extinct ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis in 2004 in the Big Woods of Arkansas initiated a series of studies on how to best manage habitat for this endangered species as well as all woodpeckers in the area. Previous work suggested that densities of other woodpeckers, particularly pileated Dryocopus pileatus and red-bellied Melanerpes carolinus woodpeckers, might be useful in characterizing habitat use by the ivory-billed woodpecker. We estimated densities of six woodpecker species in the Big Woods during the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007 and also during the winter season of 2007. Our estimated densities were as high as or higher than previously published woodpecker density estimates for the Southeastern United States. Density estimates ranged from 9.1 to 161.3 individuals/km(2) across six woodpecker species. Our data suggest that the Big Woods of Arkansas is attractive to all woodpeckers using the region, including ivory-billed woodpeckers. C1 [Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM krementz@uark.edu FU USFWS; USGS Arkansas Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit FX Funding was provided by the USFWS and the USGS Arkansas Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the USGS. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.3996/032010-JFWM-006 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600006 ER PT J AU Oslund, FT Johnson, RR Hertel, DR AF Oslund, Fred T. Johnson, Rex R. Hertel, Dan R. TI Assessing Wetland Changes in the Prairie Pothole Region of Minnesota From 1980 to 2007 SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE National Wetlands Inventory; Minnesota; Prairie Pothole Region; wetlands AB Wetlands in the Minnesota Prairie Pothole Region are critical landscape elements because of their unmatched importance to breeding waterfowl, and other wildlife. They provide vast benefits to store runoff or act as nutrient sinks and offer other environmental and socio-economic returns. Data on location, extent and types of wetlands collected by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory is used for developing conservation strategies and evaluating net landscape changes affecting fish and wildlife populations. Minnesota wetlands were mapped 27 y ago by the National Wetlands Inventory. We examined 176 10.2-km(2) (4-mi(2)) sample plots in the Minnesota Prairie Pothole Region, using aerial photo interpretation techniques, to determine the current accuracy of the National Wetlands Inventory data used in the eastern Prairie Pothole Region for conservation planning and evaluation. We stratified our analysis by Bailey's (1995) Ecological Subsections. We estimated that across the entire Minnesota Prairie Pothole Region 4.3% of wetland area has been lost since 1980 with losses varying from 0 to 15% among Ecological Subsections. Implications of these findings suggest that National Wetlands Inventory data should be regularly updated in areas subject to rapid wetland change. C1 [Oslund, Fred T.; Johnson, Rex R.; Hertel, Dan R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. RP Oslund, FT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 18965 Cty Highway 82, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. EM fred_oslund@fws.gov NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.3996/122009-JFWM-027 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600009 ER PT J AU Britzke, ER Slack, BA Armstrong, MP Loeb, SC AF Britzke, Eric R. Slack, Brooke A. Armstrong, Mike P. Loeb, Susan C. TI Effects of Orientation and Weatherproofing on the Detection of Bat Echolocation Calls SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity; Anabat; bats; orientation; weatherproofing AB Ultrasonic detectors are powerful tools for the study of bat ecology. Many options are available for deploying acoustic detectors including various weatherproofing designs and microphone orientations, but the impacts of these options on the quantity and quality of the bat calls that are recorded are unknown. We compared the impacts of three microphone orientations (horizontal, 45 degrees, and vertical) and two weatherproofing designs (polyvinyl chloride tubes and the BatHat) on the number of calls detected, call quality, and species detected by the Anabat II bat detector system at 17 sites in central Kentucky in May and June 2008. Detectors with BatHat weatherproofing recorded significantly fewer call sequences, pulses per file, species per site, and lower quality calls. Detectors in the horizontal position also tended to record fewer files, fewer species, and lower quality calls. These results illustrate potential impacts of deployment method on quality and quantity of data obtained. Because weatherproofing and orientation impacted the quality and quantity of data recorded, comparison of results using different methodologies should be made with caution. C1 [Britzke, Eric R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Slack, Brooke A.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Armstrong, Mike P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kentucky Ecol Serv Field Off, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Loeb, Susan C.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Britzke, ER (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM eric.r.britzke@usace.army.mil FU Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kentucky Ecological Service Field Office FX This study was supported by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kentucky Ecological Service Field Office. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 23 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 136 EP 141 DI 10.3996/072010-JFWM-025 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600010 ER PT J AU Bettaso, JB Goodman, DH AF Bettaso, Jamie B. Goodman, Damon H. TI A Comparison of Mercury Contamination in Mussel and Ammocoete Filter Feeders SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; Trinity River; lamprey; ammocoete; western perlshell mussel; mussel AB The Trinity River, California, has an extensive history of gold and mercury mining, and recent studies demonstrated uptake of legacy mercury contamination by teleost fishes. We investigated mercury concentrations of larval lampreys (ammocoetes; Entosphenus spp.) and western pearlshell mussels (Margaritifera falcata) in the Trinity River to determine whether these two long-lived and sedentary filter feeders show site-specific differences in uptake of this contaminant. We analyzed ammocoetes from four sites in the Trinity River and one reference site in the Mad River for total mercury and mussels from three of the Trinity River sites for total and methyl mercury. We identified longitudinal gradients in ammocoete total mercury levels and methyl mercury in mussels. We found a 70% increase in total mercury in ammocoetes between two of the sample sites, suggesting a potential point source of contamination. Ammocoetes contained levels of mercury 12 to 25 times those of mussels from the same site. Our data indicate that ammocoetes may be a preferred organism to sample for mercury contamination and ecological effects compared with mussels in the Trinity River. C1 [Bettaso, Jamie B.; Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Field Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Goodman, DH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Field Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM damon_goodman@fws.gov FU Arcata Fish and Wildlife Service Office in California FX We thank Charles Chamberlain, Jim Haas, Jason May, Toby McBride, and Joe Polos for reviewing the report and providing many useful comments. This project was funded through the Arcata Fish and Wildlife Service Office in California. We also thank the Subject Editor and anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments and contributions to this manuscript. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 54 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 142 EP 145 DI 10.3996/112009-JFWM-019 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600011 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Hartman, KJ Niles, JM AF Sweka, John A. Hartman, Kyle J. Niles, Jonathan M. TI Long-Term Effects of Large Woody Debris Addition on Stream Habitat and Brook Trout Populations SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brook trout; large woody debris; habitat; stream AB In this study, we resurveyed stream habitat and sampled brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations 6 y after large woody debris additions to determine long-term changes in habitat and brook trout populations. In a previous study, we added large woody debris to eight streams in the central Appalachians of West Virginia to determine whether stream habitat could be enhanced and brook trout populations increased following habitat manipulation. The large woody debris additions had no overall effect on stream habitat and brook trout populations by 6 y after the additions. The assumption that a lack of large woody debris is limiting stream habitat and brook trout populations was not supported by our results. In high-gradient streams, habitat complexity may be governed more by the abundance of boulders and large woody debris may have a lesser influence on trout populations. C1 [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Hartman, Kyle J.; Niles, Jonathan M.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75,308 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM john_sweka@fws.gov FU U.S. Forest Service Monongahela National Forest and Northern Research Station; MeadWestvaco Corporation; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; West Virginia University Division of Forestry FX We thank the U.S. Forest Service Monongahela National Forest and Northern Research Station, the MeadWestvaco Corporation, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, and West Virginia University Division of Forestry for funding this research. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.3996/012010-JFWM-002 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600012 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Piasecke, JR AF Bender, Louis C. Piasecke, Jessica R. TI Population Demographics and Dynamics of Colonizing Elk in a Desert Grassland-Scrubland SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE elk; desert Southwest; population dynamics; condition; survival; productivity AB Elk Cervus elaphus are rare in Southwestern desert grassland and desert-scrub habitats, and these habitats are anecdotally considered unsuitable for elk. We studied a colonizing herd in a Southwestern desert grassland-scrubland in northwestern New Mexico to determine the condition and population dynamics of elk in this habitat type. We radiotracked <= 24 adult (1.5 y and older) cows and <= 8 calves annually, 2003-2006; the sample of radiocollared cows in this study was very close to a census of the entire population for 2004-2006 based on repeated surveys and monitoring. Mean body fat of lactating cows in autumn was 10.6-13.2% in 2003-2004, indicating that lactating elk were acquiring high moderate-low good nutrition, but dropped to 5.6% in 2005 and 6.8% in 2006, indicating poor nutrition for these years of low precipitation. We found adult female survival of 0.94-1.00 and calf survival of 0.38-1.00. Calf survival was related to maternal size, maternal condition, and cumulative annual precipitation through parturition; all calf mortality occurred at or near parturition. Pregnancy rates averaged 0.33 for yearling cows and 0.86 for >= 2.5-y-olds, 2003-2006, and pregnancy was positively related to body mass for >= 2.5-y-old adults. Lactation rates of >= 2.5-y-olds averaged 0.59, 2003-2005, but dropped to 0.30 in 2006, due to poor maternal condition and low precipitation. Since colonization, elk have increased from about 20 to >= 53 individuals, a mean rate of increase of 18%/y prior to 2006, but decreasing to <= 4% in 2006. The high sustained rate of increase (with few exceptions) indicates that desert grassland-scrubland habitats are suitable for elk and merit consideration in elk management plans of Southwestern agencies. C1 [Bender, Louis C.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Piasecke, Jessica R.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, POB 30003,MSC 3AE, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. National Park Service (Chaco Culture National Historical Park); New Mexico State University, Agriculture Experiment Station FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. National Park Service (Chaco Culture National Historical Park), and the New Mexico State University, Agriculture Experiment Station for funding this project. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.3996/102009-JFWM-013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600013 ER PT J AU Glorioso, BM Vaughn, AJ Waddle, JH AF Glorioso, Brad M. Vaughn, Allison J. Waddle, J. Hardin TI The Aquatic Turtle Assemblage Inhabiting a Highly Altered Landscape in Southeast Missouri SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Big Oak Tree State Park; hydrology; population demography; red-eared slider; Trachemys scripta AB Turtles are linked to energetic food webs as both consumers of plants and animals and prey for many species. Turtle biomass in freshwater systems can be an order of magnitude greater than that of endotherms. Therefore, declines in freshwater turtle populations can change energy transfer in freshwater systems. Here we report on a mark-recapture study at a lake and adjacent borrow pit in a relict tract of bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi River floodplain in southeast Missouri, which was designed to gather baseline data, including sex ratio, size structure, and population size, density, and biomass, for the freshwater turtle population. Using a variety of capture methods, we captured seven species of freshwater turtles (snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina; red-eared slider Trachemys scripta; southern painted turtle Chrysemys dorsalis; river cooter Pseudemys concinna; false map turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica; eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus; spiny softshell Apalone spinifera) comprising four families (Chelydridae, Emydidae, Kinosternidae, Trinoychidae). With the exception of red-eared sliders, nearly all individuals captured were adults. Most turtles were captured by baited hoop-nets, and this was the only capture method that caught all seven species. The unbaited fyke net was very successful in the borrow pit, but only captured four of the seven species. Basking traps and deep-water crawfish nets had minimal success. Red-eared sliders had the greatest population estimate (2,675), density (205/ha), and biomass (178 kg/ha). Two species exhibited a sex-ratio bias: snapping turtles C. serpentina in favor of males, and spiny softshells A. spinifera in favor of females. C1 [Glorioso, Brad M.] US Geol Survey, IAP World Serv Inc, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Vaughn, Allison J.] Missouri Dept Nat Resources, Div State Pk, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Glorioso, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, IAP World Serv Inc, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gloriosob@usgs.gov RI Glorioso, Brad/B-1688-2013; Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009 OI Glorioso, Brad/0000-0002-5400-7414; Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133 FU Natural History FX We thank K. McCarty, Chief of Natural History for the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, for his support of this project by allocating the necessary funds. We also thank M. Comer, Natural Resource Manager I of the Bootheel Management Unit of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, for his support in retaining the necessary supplies for this project. For field help on one or more days we thank the following: R.R. Layton, C. Hanson, M.F. Glorioso, M. McNeary, G.R. Wyckoff, and C.F. Glorioso. Thanks to C.R. Schwalbe, G.M. Fellers, the Subject Editor, and three anonymous reviewers who made helpful criticisms of earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.3996/072010-JFWM-020 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600014 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Ryan, MR AF McGowan, Conor P. Ryan, Mark R. TI Arguments for Using Population Models in Incidental Take Assessments for Endangered Species SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological opinions; endangered species; incidental take; jeopardy; population models, section 7 consultations AB Population models can be useful tools for evaluating management strategies and risks for a given species. A major, but often overlooked, component of endangered or threatened species management and recovery is the incidental take allowance of many endangered species laws. In the United States population models are seldom applied to address specific incidental take scenarios. We believe it is prudent for wildlife management agencies like the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service to embrace explicit predictive tools to assess the possible effects of incidental take actions and to set standards for what constitutes unacceptable levels of incidental take in terms of predicted effect on population viability, recovery, and extinction. We briefly give recommendations for incorporating simulation models into jeopardy evaluations in ways that would dovetail with legislative language and provide a simple example model. Using explicit predictive models to support jeopardy determinations and incidental take decision-making would lead to transparent decisions rooted in measurable quantities such as changes in extinction probability or abundance projections. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.; Ryan, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences at the University of Missouri FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences at the University of Missouri for financial and logistical support of this work. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.3996/062010-JFWM-014 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600017 ER PT J AU D'Elia, J AF D'Elia, Jesse TI Evolution of Avian Conservation Breeding With Insights for Addressing the Current Extinction Crisis SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; conservation; extinction; zoos AB Birds have been bred in captivity since the dawn of civilization. In the nineteenth century, breeding rare and exotic animals for the menageries of royalty and aristocrats transitioned to the formation of public zoological gardens and natural history museums. With industrialization and human population expansion, some bird species became rare or disappeared entirely. Once the magnitude of the destructive forces of humans became evident, concerted efforts were initiated to restore depleted bird populations by using, among other techniques, captive breeding. In this article, I explore the evolution of avian conservation breeding programs and evaluate how this historical review informs our outlook for addressing the current extinction crisis. C1 [D'Elia, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [D'Elia, Jesse] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP D'Elia, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg Off, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM jesse_delia@fws.gov NR 208 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 189 EP 210 DI 10.3996/062010-JFWM-017 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600018 ER PT J AU Lyons, J Stewart, JS Mitro, M AF Lyons, J. Stewart, J. S. Mitro, M. TI Predicted effects of climate warming on the distribution of 50 stream fishes in Wisconsin, U.S.A. SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classification trees; climate change; geographic information systems; habitat; water temperature ID RIVERINE SMALLMOUTH BASS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; POTENTIAL HABITAT LOSS; LAND-USE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; WATER FISH; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; AIR TEMPERATURES; THERMAL HABITAT AB Summer air and stream water temperatures are expected to rise in the state of Wisconsin, U.S.A., over the next 50 years. To assess potential climate warming effects on stream fishes, predictive models were developed for 50 common fish species using classification-tree analysis of 69 environmental variables in a geographic information system. Model accuracy was 56 center dot 0-93 center dot 5% in validation tests. Models were applied to all 86 898 km of stream in the state under four different climate scenarios: current conditions, limited climate warming (summer air temperatures increase 1 degrees C and water 0 center dot 8 degrees C), moderate warming (air 3 degrees C and water 2 center dot 4 degrees C) and major warming (air 5 degrees C and water 4 degrees C). With climate warming, 23 fishes were predicted to decline in distribution (three to extirpation under the major warming scenario), 23 to increase and four to have no change. Overall, declining species lost substantially more stream length than increasing species gained. All three cold-water and 16 cool-water fishes and four of 31 warm-water fishes were predicted to decline, four warm-water fishes to remain the same and 23 warm-water fishes to increase in distribution. Species changes were predicted to be most dramatic in small streams in northern Wisconsin that currently have cold to cool summer water temperatures and are dominated by cold-water and cool-water fishes, and least in larger and warmer streams and rivers in southern Wisconsin that are currently dominated by warm-water fishes. Results of this study suggest that even small increases in summer air and water temperatures owing to climate warming will have major effects on the distribution of stream fishes in Wisconsin. C1 [Lyons, J.; Mitro, M.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Stewart, J. S.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Lyons, J (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM john.lyons@wisconsin.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the National Center for Environmental Research [R830596]; U.S. Geological Survey; National GAP Analysis Program; Great Lakes Aquatic Gap Project; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-80-R, F-95-P]; SSMP; SSCN; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX The authors thank T. Brenden, A. Cooper, L. Hinz, P. Kanehl, A. Martin, C. Smith and S. Westenbroek for assistance in collecting, compiling and processing the data used to generate the species models and stream segment characteristics. Helpful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript were provided by J. McKenna, J. Schaeffer and three anonymous reviewers. Support for this study was provided by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 'Science to Achieve Results' Grant (R830596) through the National Center for Environmental Research; the U.S. Geological Survey, National GAP Analysis Program, Great Lakes Aquatic Gap Project; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-80-R, Project F-95-P, studies SSMP and SSCN and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. NR 90 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1867 EP 1898 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02763.x PG 32 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 681NC UT WOS:000284321600010 PM 21078096 ER PT J AU Anderson, CR Sapiano, MRP Prasad, MBK Long, W Tango, PJ Brown, CW Murtugudde, R AF Anderson, Clarissa R. Sapiano, Mathew R. P. Prasad, M. Bala Krishna Long, Wen Tango, Peter J. Brown, Christopher W. Murtugudde, Raghu TI Predicting potentially toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Algal blooms; Domoic acid; Amnesic shellfish poisoning; Diatoms; Prediction; Regression analysis; Chesapeake Bay ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; KARENIA-BREVIS; AUSTRALIS BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; SILICATE LIMITATION; ECOSYSTEM MODEL AB Harmful algal blooms are now recognized as a significant threat to the Chesapeake Bay as they can severely compromise the economic viability of important recreational and commercial fisheries in the largest estuary of the United States This study describes the development of empirical models for the potentially domoic acid producing Pseudo-nitzschia species complex present in the Bay developed from a 22-year time series of cell abundance and concurrent measurements of hydrographic and chemical properties Using a logistic Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach model parameters and performance were compared over a range of Pseudo nitzschia bloom thresholds relevant to toxin production by different species Small threshold blooms (>= 10cells mL(-1)) are explained by time of year location and variability in surface values of phosphate temperature nitrate plus nitrite and freshwater discharge Medium (100 cells mL(-1)) to large-threshold (1000 cells mL(-1)) blooms are further explained by salinity silicic acid dissolved organic carbon and light attenuation (Secchi) depth These predictors are similar to other models for Pseudo nitzschia blooms on the west coast suggesting commonalities across ecosystems Hindcasts of bloom probabilities at a 19% bloom prediction point yield a Heidke Skill Score of similar to 53% a Probability of Detection similar to 75% a False Alarm Ratio of similar to 52% and a Probability of False Detection similar to 9% The implication of possible future changes in Baywide nutrient stoichiometry on Pseudo-nitzschia blooms is discussed (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved C1 [Anderson, Clarissa R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Anderson, Clarissa R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sapiano, Mathew R. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sapiano, Mathew R. P.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Long, Wen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Tango, Peter J.] US Environm Protect Agcy, US Geol Survey, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Brown, Christopher W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Anderson, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU National Research Council; NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) FX This study was funded by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship to C R.A. sponsored by the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) with additional support from NOAA MERHAB Award (PI CW B) and the Chesapeake Bay Forecasting System project (PI It M) The authors gratefully acknowledge the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and USEPA Chesapeake Bay Program for contributing monitoring data and we are especially appreciative of the technical assistance provided by J Johnson B Cole M Naylor W Butler B Wind M Baith and J Beauchamps J lane D McGillicuddy and several anonymous reviewers provided comments which greatly improved the paper We give special thanks to A. Thessen for her innovative work on Pseudo-nitzschia ecophysiology in the Chesapeake Bay and for significant input to this manuscript NR 108 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.04.003 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 679SF UT WOS:000284180400004 ER PT J AU Temkin, I Pojeta, J AF Temkin, Ilya Pojeta, John, Jr. TI CASSIAVELLIA GALTARAE, NEW SPECIES, NEW GENUS: A NEW PERMIAN BIVALVE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR PTERIOIDEAN SYSTEMATICS SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; SHELL; MOLLUSCA; LIGAMENT; PTERIOMORPHIA; ONTOGENY; BEARING; MEMBER; CHINA AB An exceptionally well-preserved silicified bivalve from the Upper Permian of Texas is described and assigned to a new genus and species, Cassiavellia galtarae, placed in the family Bakevelliidae. The species represents one of the earliest and best characterized unequivocal occurrences of the multivincular ligament in the superfamily Pterioidea. The silicified material provides a wealth of information on the morphology of inadequately known Paleozoic pterioideans, including hitherto undescribed aspects of the larval shell, auricular sulcus, muscle scars, and dental ontogeny. The discovery of the condyle-fossa complex on the anteroventral shell margin, a feature previously undescibed in Bivalvia, raises the question of the homology and taxonomic significance of the problematic subumbonal ridge-like structures in Pterioidea. In life, C. galtarae was probably an epifaunal right-pleurothetic bivalve, byssally attached to hard or raised flexible substrata. In addition to C. galtarae, another new species, C. nadkevnae, is placed in Cassiavellia. C1 [Temkin, Ilya] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Temkin, Ilya] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Pojeta, John, Jr.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Pojeta, John, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Temkin, I (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM temkini@si.org; pojetaj@si.edu NR 111 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1152 EP 1176 DI 10.1666/10-022.1 PG 25 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 679WA UT WOS:000284190300012 ER PT J AU Stacey, MT Brennan, ML Burau, JR Monismith, SG AF Stacey, Mark T. Brennan, Matthew L. Burau, Jon R. Monismith, Stephen G. TI The Tidally Averaged Momentum Balance in a Partially and Periodically Stratified Estuary SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN RESIDUAL CURRENT; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; LATERAL CIRCULATION; SHALLOW ESTUARIES; SUBTIDAL SALINITY; TRANSPORT; FLOWS; TURBULENCE; CHANNEL AB Observations of turbulent stresses and mean velocities over an entire spring neap cycle are used to evaluate the dynamics of tidally averaged flows in a partially stratified estuarine channel. In a depth-averaged sense, the net flow in this channel is up estuary due to interaction of tidal forcing with the geometry of the larger basin. The depth-variable tidally averaged flow has the form of an estuarine exchange flow (downstream at the surface, upstream at depth) and varies in response to the neap spring transition. The weakening of the tidally averaged exchange during the spring tides appears to be a result of decreased stratification on the tidal time scale rather than changes in bed stress. The dynamics of the estuarine exchange flow are defined by a balance between the vertical divergence of the tidally averaged turbulent stress and the tidally averaged pressure gradient in the lower water column. In the upper water column, tidal stresses are important contributors, particularly during the neap tides. The usefulness of an effective eddy viscosity in the tidally averaged momentum equation is explored, and it is seen that the effective eddy viscosity on the subtidal time scale would need to be negative to close the momentum balance. This is due to the dominant contribution of tidally varying turbulent momentum fluxes, which have no specific relation to the subtidal circulation. Using a water column model, the validity of an effective eddy viscosity is explored; for periodically stratified water columns, a negative effective viscosity is required. C1 [Stacey, Mark T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brennan, Matthew L.] Philip Williams & Associates, San Francisco, CA USA. [Burau, Jon R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Monismith, Stephen G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Stacey, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 665 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mstacey@socrates.berkeley.edu FU Stanford University; NSF [OCE-0751970] FX Support for the field campaign was provided by ONR. Salary support for the lead author during preparation of the manuscript came from the UPS Professorship at Stanford University and NSF (OCE-0751970). The authors are grateful to Hans Burchard and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, which led to a greatly improved manuscript. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2418 EP 2434 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4389.1 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 690AR UT WOS:000284972900004 ER PT J AU Macquaker, JHS Keller, MA Davies, SJ AF Macquaker, Joe H. S. Keller, Margaret A. Davies, Sarah J. TI ALGAL BLOOMS AND "MARINE SNOW": MECHANISMS THAT ENHANCE PRESERVATION OF ORGANIC CARBON IN ANCIENT FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KIMMERIDGE CLAY FORMATION; WATER-COLUMN; VERTICAL FLUX; ANOXIC EVENT; MUDSTONE LITHOFACIES; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; SOUTHERN ENGLAND; POSIDONIA SHALE; LOWER TOARCIAN; SINKING RATES AB Combined petrographic and geochemical methods are used to investigate the microfabrics present in thin sections prepared from representative organic carbon-rich mudstones collected from three successions (the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, the Jet Rock Member of the Whitby Mudstone Formation, and the pebble shale and Hue Shale). This study was initiated to determine how organic carbon-rich materials were being delivered to the sediment water interface, and what happened to them after deposition, prior to deep burial. Analyses of the fabrics present shows that they exhibit many common attributes. In particular they are all: (1) highly heterogeneous on the scale of a thin section, (2) organized into thin beds (< 10 mm thick) composed mainly of mineral mixtures of fine-grained siliciclastic detritus and carbonate materials, and (3) contain significant concentrations of organic carbon, much of which is organized into laminasets that contain abundant organomineralic aggregates and pellets. In addition, framboidal pyrite (range of sizes from < 20 mu m to < 1 mu m) and abundant agglutinated foraminifers are present in some units. The individual beds are commonly sharp-based and overlain by thin, silt lags. The tops of many of the beds have been homogenized and some regions of the pelleted laminasets contain small horizontal burrows. The organomineralic aggregates present in these mudstones are interpreted to be ancient examples of marine snow. This marine snow likely formed in the water column, particularly during phytoplankton blooms, and was then transported rapidly to the seafloor. The existence of the thin beds with homogenized tops and an in-situ infauna indicates that between blooms there was sufficient oxygen and time for a mixed layer to develop as a result of sediment colonization by diminutive organisms using either aerobic or dysaerobic metabolic pathways. These textures suggest that the constituents of these mudstones were delivered neither as a continuous rain of sediment nor were the bottom waters persistently anoxic. In addition, the presence of thin lags and sharp-based beds suggests that the seafloor was being episodically reworked during deposition. These fabrics indicate that conditions in the water columns and at the seafloors while these rocks were being deposited were very dynamic, and episodic fluxes of high concentrations of organic carbon to the seafloor, during phytoplankton blooms, likely enhanced preservation of organic carbon. C1 [Macquaker, Joe H. S.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. [Keller, Margaret A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Davies, Sarah J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Macquaker, JHS (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. FU Manchester University; Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Leicester; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Exxon Mobil; USGS FX We are very grateful to Manchester University, Memorial University of Newfoundland, University of Leicester, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Exxon Mobil for providing variously: access to instrumentation, access to core, and funds to support this research. We also benefited greatly from technical insights from Duncan Mclroy, Kitty Milliken, Matt Wakefield, Kevin Bohacs, Kevin Taylor, Neil Fishman, and Geoff Ellis, who read earlier drafts of this manuscript. We particularly appreciate inputs from Associate Editor Sutton, Corresponding Editor Southard, and Managing Editor Lester, and the referee's comments of Juergen Schieber and an anonymous person. MK acknowledges the support of the USGS who supported research on the Mikkelsen Bay core. NR 92 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 39 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 80 IS 11-12 BP 934 EP 942 DI 10.2110/jsr.2010.085 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA 691IF UT WOS:000285072800002 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CC Cain, SL Podruzny, S Cherry, S Frattaroli, L AF Schwartz, Charles C. Cain, Steven L. Podruzny, Shannon Cherry, Steve Frattaroli, Leslie TI Contrasting Activity Patterns of Sympatric and Allopatric Black and Grizzly Bears SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity budget; American black bear; brown bear; encounters; Global Positioning System (GPS); intra-guild predation; national park; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; BROWN BEARS; URSUS-ARCTOS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HABITAT USE; CARNIVORES; CONSTRAINTS; POPULATIONS AB The distribution of grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) overlaps in western North America. Few studies have detailed activity patterns where the species are sympatric and no studies contrasted patterns where populations are both sympatric and allopatric. We contrasted activity patterns for sympatric black and grizzly bears and for black bears allopatric to grizzly bears, how human influences altered patterns, and rates of grizzly-black bear predation. Activity patterns differed between black bear populations, with those sympatric to grizzly bears more day-active. Activity patterns of black bears allopatric with grizzly bears were similar to those of female grizzly bears; both were crepuscular and day-active. Male grizzly bears were crepuscular and night-active. Both species were more night-active and less day-active when <= 1 km from roads or developments. In our sympatric study area, 2 of 4 black bear mortalities were due to grizzly bear predation. Our results suggested patterns of activity that allowed for intra-and inter-species avoidance. National park management often results in convergence of locally high human densities in quality bear habitat. Our data provide additional understanding into how bears alter their activity patterns in response to other bears and humans and should help park managers minimize undesirable bear-human encounters when considering needs for temporal and spatial management of humans and human developments in bear habitats. C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.; Podruzny, Shannon] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cain, Steven L.; Frattaroli, Leslie] Natl Pk Serv, Moose, WY 83012 USA. [Cherry, Steve] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov RI Jansen, Heiko/A-5770-2008 FU United States Geological Survey; Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; National Park Service FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, and the National Park Service. We thank J. Berger, C. Packer, S. Herrero, and S. Creel for discussions on underlying theory explaining the patterns we observed. We thank C. Whitman, J. Brown, C. Dickinson, M. Neumann, and J. Smith for trapping efforts. M. Haroldson supervised trapping crews. We also thank D. Bjornlie and S. Dewey for an early review of this manuscript as part of the Fundamental Science Practices requirements for the United States Geological Survey. We thank S. Miller, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor S. McCorquodale for editorial comments that improved our manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 72 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1628 EP 1638 DI 10.2193/2009-571 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000001 ER PT J AU Mcclintock, BT Bailey, LL Pollock, KH Simons, TR AF Mcclintock, Brett T. Bailey, Larissa L. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. TI Experimental Investigation of Observation Error in Anuran Call Surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE auditory detection; aural detection; detection probability; false negative; false positive; imperfect detection; monitoring; site occupancy; species occurrence ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; POINT COUNTS; DETECTABILITY; POPULATIONS; DURATION; MARYLAND; ABSENCE; MODELS; FROGS AB Occupancy models that account for imperfect detection are often used to monitor anuran and songbird species occurrence. However, presence-absence data arising from auditory detections may be more prone to observation error (e.g., false-positive detections) than are sampling approaches utilizing physical captures or sightings of individuals. We conducted realistic, replicated field experiments using a remote broadcasting system to simulate simple anuran call surveys and to investigate potential factors affecting observation error in these studies. Distance, time, ambient noise, and observer abilities were the most important factors explaining false-negative detections. Distance and observer ability were the best overall predictors of false-positive errors, but ambient noise and competing species also affected error rates for some species. False-positive errors made up 5% of all positive detections, with individual observers exhibiting false-positive rates between 0.5% and 14%. Previous research suggests false-positive errors of these magnitudes would induce substantial positive biases in standard estimators of species occurrence, and we recommend practices to mitigate for false positives when developing occupancy monitoring protocols that rely on auditory detections. These recommendations include additional observer training, limiting the number of target species, and establishing distance and ambient noise thresholds during surveys. C1 [Mcclintock, Brett T.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mcclintock, BT (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. EM brett.mcclintock@gmail.com RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU United States Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX This project was funded by the United States Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. We thank our volunteer observers, A. Braswell, E. Corey, J. Hall, J. Humphries, and L. Weir, for their time and support. We thank J. Nichols and L. Weir for helpful discussions. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1882 EP 1893 DI 10.2193/2009-321 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000030 ER PT J AU Larsen, MC Hamilton, PA Haines, JW Mason, RR AF Larsen, Matthew C. Hamilton, Pixie A. Haines, John W. Mason, Robert R., Jr. TI USGS Perspectives on an Integrated Approach to Watershed and Coastal Management SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Larsen, Matthew C.; Hamilton, Pixie A.; Haines, John W.; Mason, Robert R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Larsen, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM mclarsen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500006 ER PT J AU Bassett, R Beard, R Burnett, W Crout, R Griffith, B Jensen, R Signell, R AF Bassett, Robert Beard, Russ Burnett, William Crout, Richard Griffith, Bryon Jensen, Robert Signell, Richard TI Implementing the National Integrated Ocean From the Observing System (IOOS (R))-Federal Agency Perspective SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The national Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) is responsible for coordinating a network of people, resources, and technology to disseminate continuous data, information, models, products, and services made throughout our coastal waters, Great Lakes, and the oceans. There are many components of the IOOS-including government academic, and private entities. This article will focus on some of the federal contributions to IOOS and describe the capabilities of several agency partners. C1 [Bassett, Robert] NOAA NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Burnett, William] NOAA NWS, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Beard, Russ] NOAA NESDIS, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Crout, Richard] NOAA NDBC, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Signell, Richard] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Bassett, R (reprint author), NOAA NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 East West Highway,Bldg SSMC4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Robert.bassett@noaa.gov; Bill.burnett@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 32 EP 41 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500010 ER PT J AU de la Beaujardiere, J Mendelssohn, R Ortiz, C Signell, R AF de la Beaujardiere, Jeff Mendelssohn, Roy Ortiz, Carmel Signell, Richard TI Building the IOOS (R) Data Management Subsystem SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB We discuss progress to date and plans for the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)). Data Management and Communications (DMAC) subsystem. We begin by presenting a conceptual architecture of IOOS DMAC. We describe work done as part of a 3-year pilot project known as the Data Integration Framework and the subsequent assessment of lessons learned. We present work that has been accomplished as part of the initial version of the IOOS Data Catalog. Finally, we discuss near-term plans for augmenting IOOS DMAC capabilities. C1 [de la Beaujardiere, Jeff] NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA NMFS, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ortiz, Carmel] Skjei Telecom, US IOOS Program Off, Falls Church, VA USA. [Signell, Richard] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP de la Beaujardiere, J (reprint author), NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jeff.deLaBeaujardiere@noaa.gov RI de La Beaujardiere, Jeff/D-9579-2012 OI de La Beaujardiere, Jeff/0000-0002-1001-9210 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500014 ER PT J AU Lovette, IJ Perez-Eman, JL Sullivan, JP Banks, RC Fiorentino, I Cordoba-Cordoba, S Echeverry-Galvis, M Barker, FK Burns, KJ Klicka, J Lanyon, SM Bermingham, E AF Lovette, Irby J. Perez-Eman, Jorge L. Sullivan, John P. Banks, Richard C. Fiorentino, Isabella Cordoba-Cordoba, Sergio Echeverry-Galvis, Maria Barker, F. Keith Burns, Kevin J. Klicka, John Lanyon, Scott M. Bermingham, Eldredge TI A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Ayes) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Parulidae; Wood-warbler; Systematics; Phylogeny; Classification ID NORTH-AMERICAN; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; DENDROICA-CORONATA; MTDNA MARKERS; MIXED MODELS; HYBRID ZONE; X DENDROICA; EVOLUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The birds in the family Parulidae-commonly termed the New World warblers or wood-warblers-are a classic model radiation for studies of ecological and behavioral differentiation. Although the monophyly of a 'core' wood-warbler clade is well established, no phylogenetic hypothesis for this group has included a full sampling of wood-warbler species diversity. We used parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods to reconstruct relationships among all genera and nearly all wood-warbler species, based on a matrix of mitochondrial DNA (5840 nucleotides) and nuclear DNA (6 loci, 4602 nucleotides) characters. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses provide a highly congruent picture of wood-warbler relationships, and indicate that the traditional generic classification of these birds recognizes many non-monophyletic groups. We recommend a revised taxonomy in which each of 14 genera (Seiurus, Helmitheros, Mniotilta, Limnothlypis, Protonotaria, Parkesia, Vermivora, Oreothlypis, Geothlypis, Setophaga, Myioborus, Cardellina, Basileuterus, Myiothlypis) corresponds to a well-supported clade; these nomenclatural changes also involve subsuming a number of well-known, traditional wood-warbler genera (Catharopeza, Dendroica, Ergaticus, Euthlypis, Leucopeza, Oporornis, Parula, Phaeothlypis, Wilsonia). We provide a summary phylogenetic hypothesis that will be broadly applicable to investigations of the historical biogeography, processes of diversification, and evolution of trait variation in this well studied avian group. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lovette, Irby J.; Sullivan, John P.; Fiorentino, Isabella; Cordoba-Cordoba, Sergio; Echeverry-Galvis, Maria] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Fuller Evolutionary Biol Program, Ithaca, NY 14950 USA. [Perez-Eman, Jorge L.] Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Zool & Ecol Trop, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela. [Banks, Richard C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Barker, F. Keith; Lanyon, Scott M.] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Burns, Kevin J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Klicka, John] Univ Nevada, Barrick Museum Nat Hist, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lovette, IJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Fuller Evolutionary Biol Program, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14950 USA. EM IJL2@cornell.edu RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; Lovette, Irby/P-3477-2014 OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; FU Microsoft Corporation; [NSF-DEB-0315218]; [NSF-DEB-0515981]; [NSF-DEB-0814277] FX We thank the many field scientists who collected and archived specimens later used for this study, and for the loan of those materials from the associated museums and collections-based institutions, including the Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Sciences, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Field Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History, University of Washington Burke Museum, Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution (USA), University of Las Vegas Barrick Museum of Natural History, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Coleccion Ornitologica Phelps, University of Kansas Natural History Museum, and University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History. For laboratory assistance we thank Amanda Talaba and Laura Stenzler, and for comments on the manuscript we thank Ben Winger. For access to their high-performance computing cluster we thank the Computational Biology Service Unit of Cornell University, which is supported in part by the Microsoft Corporation. This research was supported in part by grants NSF-DEB-0315218, NSF-DEB-0515981, and NSF-DEB-0814277. NR 103 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 71 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 753 EP 770 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 679QV UT WOS:000284176800023 PM 20696258 ER PT J AU Monz, CA Marion, JL Goonan, KA Manning, RE Wimpey, J Carr, C AF Monz, Christopher A. Marion, Jeffrey L. Goonan, Kelly A. Manning, Robert E. Wimpey, Jeremy Carr, Christopher TI Assessment and Monitoring of Recreation Impacts and Resource Conditions on Mountain Summits: Examples From the Northern Forest, USA SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Mountain recreation; visitor impacts; recreation impact monitoring; recreation ecology; mountain summits; USA ID EVEREST NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; IMAGERY; COVER; NEPAL AB Mountain summits present a unique challenge to manage sustainably: they are ecologically important and, in many circumstances, under high demand for recreation and tourism activities. This article presents recent advances in the assessment of resource conditions and visitor disturbance in mountain summit environments, by drawing on examples from a multiyear, interdisciplinary study of summits in the northeastern United States. Primary impact issues as a consequence of visitor use, such as informal trail formation, vegetation disturbance, and soil loss, were addressed via the adaption of protocols from recreation ecology studies to summit environments. In addition, new methodologies were developed that provide measurement sensitivity to change previously unavailable through standard recreation monitoring protocols. Although currently limited in application to the northeastern US summit environments, the methods presented show promise for widespread application wherever summits are in demand for visitor activities. C1 [Monz, Christopher A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Monz, Christopher A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Marion, Jeffrey L.] Virginia Tech, US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Goonan, Kelly A.; Manning, Robert E.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Wimpey, Jeremy] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Carr, Christopher] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Monz, CA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, 5215 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM chris.monz@usu.edu OI Carr, Christopher/0000-0001-8891-5923 FU Northeast States Research Cooperative; Acadia National Park FX The authors thank the Northeast States Research Cooperative and Acadia National Park for providing funding for this multiyear research effort. We also thank Lauren Chicote, Peter D'Luhosch, Charlie Jacoby, Peter Pettengill, and Logan Park for their considerable help in conducting the field measurements. The lead author also thanks the Utah Agriculture Experiment Station for providing additional support for this work. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this article does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 27 PU MOUNTAIN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PI LAWRENCE PA BUSINESS OFFICE, 810 E 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044-8897 USA SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 332 EP 343 DI 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-09-00078.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 685DJ UT WOS:000284607100003 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Ouyang, H Habib, S Shrestha, B Shrestha, M Panday, P Tzortziou, M Policelli, F Artan, G Giriraj, A Bajracharya, SR Racoviteanu, A AF Brown, Molly Elizabeth Ouyang, Hua Habib, Shahid Shrestha, Basanta Shrestha, Mandira Panday, Prajjwal Tzortziou, Maria Policelli, Frederick Artan, Guleid Giriraj, Amarnath Bajracharya, Sagar R. Racoviteanu, Adina TI HIMALA: Climate Impacts on Glaciers, Snow, and Hydrology in the Himalayan Region SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Molly Elizabeth; Habib, Shahid; Tzortziou, Maria; Policelli, Frederick] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ouyang, Hua; Shrestha, Basanta; Shrestha, Mandira; Giriraj, Amarnath; Bajracharya, Sagar R.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Panday, Prajjwal] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Artan, Guleid] US Geol Survey, ASRC Management Serv, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Racoviteanu, Adina] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Racoviteanu, Adina] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM molly.brown@nasa.gov RI Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013; Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010; OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Racoviteanu, Adina/0000-0003-4954-1871; Panday, Prajjwal/0000-0002-1287-2004 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU MOUNTAIN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PI LAWRENCE PA BUSINESS OFFICE, 810 E 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044-8897 USA SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00071.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 685DJ UT WOS:000284607100011 ER PT J AU Ramalho, R Helffrich, G Cosca, M Vance, D Hoffmann, D Schmidt, DN AF Ramalho, R. Helffrich, G Cosca, M Vance, D Hoffmann, D Schmidt, DN TI Episodic swell growth inferred from variable uplift of the Cape Verde hotspot islands SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LITHOSPHERIC FLEXURE; SILL FORMATION; ORIGIN; MANTLE; PROPAGATION; ARCHIPELAGO; SUBSIDENCE; VOLCANISM; ANOMALIES; RISE AB On the Beagle voyage, Charles Darwin first noted the creation and subsidence of ocean islands(1), establishing in geology's infancy that island freeboard changes with time. Hotspot ocean islands have an obvious mechanism for freeboard change through the growth of the bathymetric anomaly, or swell(2), on which the islands rest. Models for swell development indicate that flexural(9), thermal(2,3) or dynamic pressure(4-6,8) contributions, as well as spreading of melt residue from the hotspot(7), can all contribute to island uplift. Here we test various models for swell development using the uplift histories for the islands of the Cape Verde hotspot, derived from isotopic dating of marine terraces and subaerial to submarine lava-flow morphologies. The island uplift histories, in conjunction with inter-island spacing, uplift rate and timing differences, rule out flexural, thermal or dynamic pressure contributions. We also find that uplift cannot be reconciled with models that advocate the spreading of melt residue in swell development unless swell growth is episodic. Instead,we infer from the uplift histories that two processes have acted to raise the islands during the past 6 Myr. During an initial phase, mantle processes acted to build the swell. Subsequently, magmatic intrusions at the island edifice caused 350m of local uplift at the scale of individual islands. Finally, swell-wide uplift contributed a further 100 m of surface rise. C1 [Helffrich, G] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Cosca, M] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ramalho, R.; Helffrich, G; Vance, D; Schmidt, DN] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Hoffmann, D] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. RP Helffrich, G (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RI Ramalho, Ricardo/I-6031-2012; OI Ramalho, Ricardo/0000-0002-2338-5535; Helffrich, George/0000-0002-7363-4552; Schmidt, Daniela/0000-0001-8419-2721; Hoffmann, Dirk/0000-0002-9245-2041 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 774 EP 777 DI 10.1038/GEO982 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 673GZ UT WOS:000283648800021 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Altidor, JR Anglade, D Given, D Janvier, MG Maharrey, JZ Meremonte, M Mildor, BS Prepetit, C Yong, A AF Hough, Susan E. Altidor, Jean Robert Anglade, Dieuseul Given, Doug Janvier, M. Guillard Maharrey, J. Zebulon Meremonte, Mark Mildor, Bernard Saint-Louis Prepetit, Claude Yong, Alan TI Localized damage caused by topographic amplification during the 2010 M 7.0 Haiti earthquake SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTION; SEISMIC MOTION; SITE; CALIFORNIA; GEOLOGY; WAVES AB Local geological conditions, including both near-surface sedimentary layers(1-4) and topographic features(5-9), are known to significantly influence ground motions caused by earthquakes. Microzonation maps use local geological conditions to characterize seismic hazard, but commonly incorporate the effect of only sedimentary layers(10-12). Microzonation does not take into account local topography, because significant topographic amplification is assumed to be rare. Here we show that, although the extent of structural damage in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was primarily due to poor construction, topographic amplification contributed significantly to damage in the district of Petionville, south of central Port-au-Prince. A large number of substantial, relatively well-built structures situated along a foothill ridge in this district sustained serious damage or collapse. Using recordings of aftershocks, we calculate the ground motion response at two seismic stations along the topographic ridge and at two stations in the adjacent valley. Ground motions on the ridge are amplified relative to both sites in the valley and a hard-rock reference site, and thus cannot be explained by sediment-induced amplification. Instead, the amplitude and predominant frequencies of ground motion indicate the amplification of seismic waves by a narrow, steep ridge. We suggest that microzonation maps can potentially be significantly improved by incorporation of topographic effects. C1 [Hough, Susan E.; Given, Doug; Yong, Alan] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Maharrey, J. Zebulon; Meremonte, Mark] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Altidor, Jean Robert; Anglade, Dieuseul; Janvier, M. Guillard; Mildor, Bernard Saint-Louis; Prepetit, Claude] Bur Mines & Energie, Port Au Prince, Haiti. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena1,525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 778 EP 782 DI 10.1038/NGEO988 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 673GZ UT WOS:000283648800007 ER PT J AU Hornbach, MJ Braudy, N Briggs, RW Cormier, MH Davis, MB Diebold, JB Dieudonne, N Douilly, R Frohlich, C Gulick, SPS Johnson, HE Mann, P McHugh, C Ryan-Mishkin, K Prentice, CS Seeber, L Sorlien, CC Steckler, MS Symithe, SJ Taylor, FW Templeton, J AF Hornbach, Matthew J. Braudy, Nicole Briggs, Richard W. Cormier, Marie-Helene Davis, Marcy B. Diebold, John B. Dieudonne, Nicole Douilly, Roby Frohlich, Cliff Gulick, Sean P. S. Johnson, Harold E., III Mann, Paul McHugh, Cecilia Ryan-Mishkin, Katherine Prentice, Carol S. Seeber, Leonardo Sorlien, Christopher C. Steckler, Michael S. Symithe, Steeve Julien Taylor, Frederick W. Templeton, John TI High tsunami frequency as a result of combined strike-slip faulting and coastal landslides SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; JAMAICA; MICROPLATE; MOTION; TURKEY AB Earthquakes on strike-slip faults can produce devastating natural hazards. However, because they consist predominantly of lateral motion, these faults are rarely associated with significant uplift or tsunami generation(1-4). And although submarine slides can generate tsunami, only a few per cent of all tsunami are believed to be triggered in this way(4-6). The 12 January M(w) 7.0 Haiti earthquake exhibited primarily strike-slip motion but nevertheless generated a tsunami. Here we present data from a comprehensive field survey that covered the onshore and offshore area around the epicentre to document that modest uplift together with slope failure caused tsunamigenesis. Submarine landslides caused the most severe tsunami locally. Our analysis suggests that slide-generated tsunami occur an order-of-magnitude more frequently along the Gonave microplate than global estimates(5,7-12) predict. Uplift was generated because of the earthquake's location, where the Caribbean and Gonave microplates collide obliquely. The earthquake also caused liquefaction at several river deltas that prograde rapidly and are prone to failure. We conclude that coastal strike-slip fault systems such as the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault produce relief conducive to rapid sedimentation, erosion and slope failure, so that even modest predominantly strike-slip earthquakes can cause potentially catastrophic slide-generated tsunami-a risk that is underestimated at present. C1 [Hornbach, Matthew J.; Davis, Marcy B.; Frohlich, Cliff; Gulick, Sean P. S.; Mann, Paul; Taylor, Frederick W.] Univ Texas Inst Geophys, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Braudy, Nicole; McHugh, Cecilia; Ryan-Mishkin, Katherine] CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Cormier, Marie-Helene; Johnson, Harold E., III] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Briggs, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. [Cormier, Marie-Helene; Diebold, John B.; McHugh, Cecilia; Seeber, Leonardo; Steckler, Michael S.; Templeton, John] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Prentice, Carol S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sorlien, Christopher C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Douilly, Roby; Symithe, Steeve Julien] Univ Etat Haiti, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Dieudonne, Nicole] Bur Mines & Energie BME, Port Au Prince, Haiti. RP Hornbach, MJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Inst Geophys, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM matth@ig.utexas.edu RI Frohlich, Cliff/A-8573-2008; Taylor, Frederick/A-2195-2009; Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013; Gulick, Sean/C-1039-2008 OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Gulick, Sean/0000-0003-4740-9068 FU NSF [OCE-1028045, EAR1024990]; Jackson School of Geosciences Rapid Response Research Grant FX This study was made possible by an NSF RAPID Response grant nos OCE-1028045, NSF EAR1024990, and a Jackson School of Geosciences Rapid Response Research Grant. We thank the crew of the R/V Endeavor, and S. De Bow for a successful cruise. This work is dedicated to J. B. Diebold. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 783 EP 788 DI 10.1038/NGEO975 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 673GZ UT WOS:000283648800008 ER PT J AU Prentice, CS Mann, P Crone, AJ Gold, RD Hudnut, KW Briggs, RW Koehler, RD Jean, P AF Prentice, C. S. Mann, P. Crone, A. J. Gold, R. D. Hudnut, K. W. Briggs, R. W. Koehler, R. D. Jean, P. TI Seismic hazard of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault in Haiti inferred from palaeoseismology SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLATE BOUNDARY; DISPLACEMENT; HISPANIOLA; EXAMPLE; RUPTURE; MOTION AB The Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone is recognized as one of the primary plate-bounding fault systems in Haiti(1,2). The strike-slip fault runs adjacent to the city of Port-au-Prince and was initially thought to be the source of the 12 January 2010, M(w) 7.0 earthquake. Haiti experienced significant earthquakes in 1751 and 1770 (refs 3-5), but the role of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone in these earthquakes is poorly known. We use satellite imagery, aerial photography, light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and field investigations to document Quaternary activity on the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault. We report late Quaternary, left-lateral offsets of up to 160 m, and a set of small offsets ranging from 1.3 to 3.3m that we associate with one of the eighteenth century earthquakes. The size of the small offsets implies that the historical earthquake was larger than M(w) 7.0, but probably smaller than M(w) 7.6. We found no significant surface rupture associated with the 2010 earthquake. The lack of surface rupture, coupled with other seismologic, geologic and geodetic observations(6,7), suggests that little, if any, accumulated strain was released on the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault in the 2010 earthquake. These results confirm that the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault remains a significant seismic hazard. C1 [Prentice, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mann, P.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Crone, A. J.; Gold, R. D.; Briggs, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hudnut, K. W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Koehler, R. D.] State Alaska, Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Jean, P.] Bur Mines & Energie, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Koehler, R. D.] State Alaska, Geophys Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Prentice, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cprentice@usgs.gov RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Gold, Ryan/I-3287-2012; Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Gold, Ryan/0000-0002-4464-6394; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 FU US Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; US Geological Survey (USGS); National Science Foundation [EAR1024990]; UTIG [2284] FX We thank the Haitian Bureau of Mines and Energy, especially D. Anglade, for invaluable assistance. We are indebted to R. Boyer, R. Arbouet, Jr. and A. Chery for field assistance. We also thank L. Blair, R. Renaldo and N. Knepprath (USGS) for GIS support. The US Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program provided funds for the USGS-USAID Earthquake Disaster Assistance Team (EDAT) to carry out this work. Financial support was also provided by the National Science Foundation (grant EAR1024990 to P.M.). UTIG contribution 2284. We thank S. Hough and M. Tuttle for helpful and constructive criticism of earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 22 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1038/NGEO991 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 673GZ UT WOS:000283648800009 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP Briggs, RW Sladen, A Fielding, EJ Prentice, C Hudnut, K Mann, P Taylor, FW Crone, AJ Gold, R Ito, T Simons, M AF Hayes, G. P. Briggs, R. W. Sladen, A. Fielding, E. J. Prentice, C. Hudnut, K. Mann, P. Taylor, F. W. Crone, A. J. Gold, R. Ito, T. Simons, M. TI Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 2002 DENALI FAULT; MOTION; SLIP; DEFORMATION; ALASKA; ZONE AB Initially, the devastating M-w 7.0, 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake seemed to involve straightforward accommodation of oblique relative motion between the Caribbean and North American plates along the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone. Here, we combine seismological observations, geologic field data and space geodetic measurements to show that, instead, the rupture process involved slip on multiple faults. Primary surface deformation was driven by rupture on blind thrust faults with only minor, deep, lateral slip along or near the main Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone; thus the event only partially relieved centuries of accumulated left-lateral strain on a small part of the plate-boundary system. Together with the predominance of shallow off-fault thrusting, the lack of surface deformation implies that remaining shallow shear strain will be released in future surface-rupturing earthquakes on the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone, as occurred in inferred Holocene and probable historic events. We suggest that the geological signature of this earthquake-broad warping and coastal deformation rather than surface rupture along the main fault zone-will not be easily recognized by standard palaeoseismic studies. We conclude that similarly complex earthquakes in tectonic environments that accommodate both translation and convergence-such as the San Andreas fault through the Transverse Ranges of California-may be missing from the prehistoric earthquake record. C1 [Hayes, G. P.; Briggs, R. W.; Crone, A. J.; Gold, R.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hayes, G. P.] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Sladen, A.; Ito, T.; Simons, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fielding, E. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Prentice, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hudnut, K.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Mann, P.; Taylor, F. W.] Univ Texas Austin, Univ Texas Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Ito, T.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov RI Taylor, Frederick/A-2195-2009; Gold, Ryan/I-3287-2012; Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; Sladen, Anthony/A-2532-2017; OI Gold, Ryan/0000-0002-4464-6394; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Sladen, Anthony/0000-0003-4126-0020; Simons, Mark/0000-0003-1412-6395 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF [1024990]; UTIG [2285] FX We thank V. Tsai, H. Benz, J. McCarthy, R. Bilham and three anonymous reviewers for their comments in improving this manuscript. The study benefited greatly from the assistance of P. Jean of Le Bureau des Mines et de l'Energie d'Haiti, and from the logistical aid of R. Boyer. We thank K. Ludwig and J. Kindinger of USGS and the captain and crew of the RV Endeavor for use and transport of the rigid-hulled inflatable boat. We thank G. Choy for the first-motion focal mechanism. We thank R. Bilham and R. Koehler for early field observations of coastal deformation. Fieldwork studies were sponsored by the US Agency for International Development, USGS and the National Science Foundation. PALSAR level 1.0 data are shared among PIXEL (PALSAR Interferometry Consortium to Study our Evolving Land Surface), and provided from the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency under a cooperative research contract with the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo. Early PALSAR data were provided under the Group on Earth Observation Geohazards Supersite programme and other scenes through the Alaska Satellite Facility. The ownership of PALSAR data belongs to METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency. G.P.H. is contracted to work for the USGS by Synergetics Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado. A.S. and M.S. are partially supported under funds provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through the Tectonics Observatory. This paper is Caltech Tectonic Observatory contribution 138. Part of the research described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Figures have been made using the Generic Mapping Tools of Wessel and Smith23. Fieldwork partially supported by NSF EAR RAPID grant 1024990. UTIG contribution no. 2285. NR 23 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 800 EP 805 DI 10.1038/NGEO977 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 673GZ UT WOS:000283648800011 ER PT J AU Dong, XP Bengtson, S Gostling, NJ Cunningham, JA Harvey, THP Kouchinsky, A Val'kov, AK Repetski, JE Stampanoni, M Marone, F Donoghue, PCJ AF Dong, Xi-Ping Bengtson, Stefan Gostling, Neil J. Cunningham, John A. Harvey, Thomas H. P. Kouchinsky, Artem Val'kov, Anatoly K. Repetski, John E. Stampanoni, Marco Marone, Federica Donoghue, Philip C. J. TI THE ANATOMY, TAPHONOMY, TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATIC AFFINITY OF MARKUELIA: EARLY CAMBRIAN TO EARLY ORDOVICIAN SCALIDOPHORANS SO PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE embryos; taphonomy; preservation; Priapulida; Scalidophora; Introverta; taxonomy ID SOFT-BODIED FOSSILS; INVERTEBRATE EGGS; SOUTH CHINA; ANIMAL EMBRYOS; MINERALIZATION; PRESERVATION; DECAY; RECORD; FOSSILIZATION; SEGMENTATION AB Markuelia is a vermiform, annulated introvertan animal known as embryonic fossils from the Lower Cambrian to Lower Ordovician. Analysis of an expanded and revised dataset for Introverta shows that the precise position of Markuelia within this clade is dependent on the taxa included. As a result, Markuelia is assigned to the scalidophoran total group to reflect uncertainty as to whether it is a stem-scalidophoran or a stem-priapulid. The taxonomy of the genus is revised to provide an improved taxonomic framework for material assigned to Markuelia. Five species are recognized: M. secunda Val'kov, M. hunanensis Dong and Donoghue, M. lauriei Haug et al., M. spinulifera sp. nov. and M. waloszeki sp. nov. Finally, the preservation of Markuelia is evaluated in the light of both the taphonomy of the fossil embryos themselves and the experimental taphonomy of the priapulid Priapulus caudatus, which has been proposed as both a close relative and an anatomical analogue of Markuelia. C1 [Gostling, Neil J.; Cunningham, John A.; Donoghue, Philip C. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Gostling, Neil J.; Marone, Federica] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Biol Sci, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Dong, Xi-Ping] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Bengtson, Stefan; Kouchinsky, Artem] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeozool, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Repetski, John E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Stampanoni, Marco] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Stampanoni, Marco] Univ Zurich, Inst Biomed Engn, Zurich, Switzerland. [Stampanoni, Marco] Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Harvey, Thomas H. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Val'kov, Anatoly K.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Geol Diamonds & Noble Met, Yakutsk 677891, Russia. RP Donoghue, PCJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM phil.donoghue@bristol.ac.uk RI Donoghue, Philip/A-3873-2008; Koroleva, Olga/C-1306-2012; Marone, Federica/J-4420-2013; Dong, Xi-ping/N-5741-2014; Stampanoni, Marco/J-4099-2013; OI Dong, Xi-ping/0000-0001-5917-7159; Stampanoni, Marco/0000-0001-7486-6681; Bengtson, Stefan/0000-0003-0206-5791; Donoghue, Philip/0000-0003-3116-7463 FU NSFC [40772008]; RFDP [20060001059]; Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology [083101]; NERC [NE/C511256/1, NE/F00348X/1] FX We are indebted to the generosity of Prof. Dieter Waloszek for providing access to the specimens of M. lauriei and M. waloszeki. The University of Bonn Palaeontological Museum, and the Palaeontological Association for facilitating the recovery of specimens of Markuelia lauriei. Kristineberg Marine Station provided facilities for the recovery and culture of priapulid embryos and larvae. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Philip Donoghue. Shuhai Xiao, Nicholas J. Butterfield and an anonymous other provided constructive comments on the manuscript. NSFC Project 40772008 (XPD), RFDP Project 20060001059 (XPD), LPS of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Grant 083101 (XPD), NERC Standard grants NE/C511256/1 (PCJD) and NE/F00348X/1 (PCJD). NR 65 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-0239 EI 1475-4983 J9 PALAEONTOLOGY JI Paleontology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 53 BP 1291 EP 1314 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01006.x PN 6 PG 24 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 681MT UT WOS:000284320600008 ER PT J AU Rushforth, SJ Edlund, MB Spaulding, SA Stoermer, EF AF Rushforth, Sarah J. Edlund, Mark B. Spaulding, Sarah A. Stoermer, Eugene F. TI The Reimer Diatom Herbarium: an important resource for teaching and research SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA LA English DT Article AB The Reimer Diatom Herbarium (ILH) at Iowa Lakeside Laboratory (ILL). a field station of Iowa's state universities, contains 3,280 permanent diatom slides of collections made from prairie potholes, alkaline fens, acid bogs, eutrophic lakes, saline lakes. Pleistocene paleolakes, and Miocene fossil deposits near ILL. The herbarium has a focus on collections made within Dickinson County, a region with an important legacy of study by students and visiting researchers from the US, Canada, and international institutions. The herbarium is well documented by taxon and location catalogues. The taxon card catalogue contains over 2,800 records referencing 67 genera, and the location card catalogue references collection sites from 51 counties in 16 North American states. Curated slides include over 300 species identifications made, or verified, by C.W. Reimer. Most curated slides have diatom specimens identified to species, circled with a diamond objective marker, and indicated on the slide label. Six holotypes are included in the herbarium and we present the first light micrograph images of these type specimens. We present documentation of the contents and current condition of the herbarium and report that it is now available to researchers for scientific study. Many of the sites represented in the Reimer Diatom Herbarium are the same locations visited each year by students and visiting researchers at ILL, resulting in an important resource for monitoring environmental change, resolving taxonomic issues, and understanding species distributions in unique habitats. C1 [Rushforth, Sarah J.] Rushforth Phycol, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. [Edlund, Mark B.] St Croix Watershed Res Stn, St Croix, MN 55047 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stoermer, Eugene F.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. RP Rushforth, SJ (reprint author), Rushforth Phycol, 1992 South 800 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACAD NATURAL SCIENCES PHILA PI PHILADELPHIA PA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PKWY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0097-3157 J9 P ACAD NAT SCI PHILA JI Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 160 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1635/053.160.0103 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24LY UT WOS:000208413100003 ER PT J AU Spaulding, SA Pool, JR Castro, SI Hinz, F AF Spaulding, Sarah A. Pool, Justin R. Castro, Set I. Hinz, Friedel TI Species within the genus Encyonema Kutzing, including two new species Encyonema reimeri sp nov and E. nicafei sp nov and E. stoermeri nom. nov., stat. nov. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA LA English DT Article AB We observed six diatom taxa from North American samples and one taxon from China that are considered within the genus Encyonema Kutzing. Two of the taxa are described as new, Encyonema reimeri Spaulding. Pool et Castro sp. nov. and Encyonema nicafei Spaulding sp. nor. A third taxon, Encyonema stoermeri Spaulding, Pool et Castro nom. nov.. slat. nov. is assigned a new name and rank. In the past, these taxa have been ascribed to several names, but primarily the names Cymbella muelleri Hustedt and C. muelleri f. ventricosa (Tempere et Peragallo) Reimer have been used, based on their inclusion in the two volumes of "The Diatoms of the United States". We compare the new species with other members of this group of taxa, including Encyonema latum Krammer, E. sinicum Krammer and E. yellowstonianum Krammer. This group of species shares the features of I) a broad axial area, 2) raphe branches curved with the convex side toward the dorsal valve margin, 3) slightly expanded and dorsally deflected proximal raphe ends, and 4) oval areolae near the axial area, becoming lineolate, or transapically elongate, towards the dorsal margin. We expect that many of the species reported in the U.S. have been identified using names of species from other continents. We also expect that critical microscopy and use of original literature is likely to clarify the geographic distribution of species within Encyonema. This work is important in order to understand, document and protect the species diversity of diatoms and their aquatic habitats. C1 [Spaulding, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pool, Justin R.] Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bronz, NY 10458 USA. [Castro, Set I.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Hinz, Friedel] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Spaulding, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, US Geol Survey, 1560 30 St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sarah.spaudling@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD NATURAL SCIENCES PHILA PI PHILADELPHIA PA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PKWY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0097-3157 J9 P ACAD NAT SCI PHILA JI Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 160 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1635/053.160.0107 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24LY UT WOS:000208413100007 ER PT J AU Slonecker, T Fisher, GB Aiello, DP Haack, B AF Slonecker, Terrence Fisher, Gary B. Aiello, Danielle P. Haack, Barry TI Visible and Infrared Remote Imaging of Hazardous Waste: A Review SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE hazardous waste; remote sensing; overhead imaging; remediation; hyperspectral; human and ecological exposure; spectroscopy; imaging spectroscopy AB One of the critical global environmental problems is human and ecological exposure to hazardous wastes from agricultural, industrial, military and mining activities. These wastes often include heavy metals, hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals. Traditional field and laboratory detection and monitoring of these wastes are generally expensive and time consuming. The synoptic perspective of overhead remote imaging can be very useful for the detection and remediation of hazardous wastes. Aerial photography has a long and effective record in waste site evaluations. Aerial photographic archives allow temporal evaluation and change detection by visual interpretation. Multispectral aircraft and satellite systems have been successfully employed in both spectral and morphological analysis of hazardous wastes on the landscape and emerging hyperspectral sensors have permitted determination of the specific contaminants by processing strategies using the tens or hundreds of acquired wavelengths in the solar reflected and/or thermal infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper reviews the literature of remote sensing and overhead imaging in the context of hazardous waste and discusses future monitoring needs and emerging scientific research areas. C1 [Slonecker, Terrence; Fisher, Gary B.; Aiello, Danielle P.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Haack, Barry] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Slonecker, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Ms 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tslonecker@usgs.gov; gfisher@usgs.gov; daiello@usgs.gov; bhaack@gmu.edu NR 164 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 55 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 11 BP 2474 EP 2508 DI 10.3390/rs2112474 PG 35 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HS UT WOS:000208402100002 ER PT J AU Brunson, JL Pyke, DA Perakis, SS AF Brunson, Jessi L. Pyke, David A. Perakis, Steven S. TI Yield Responses of Ruderal Plants to Sucrose in Invasive-Dominated Sagebrush Steppe of the Northern Great Basin SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; carbon addition; invasive annual grasses; sagebrush steppe; soil nitrogen; Taeniatherum-caput medusae ID TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; ALTERS NITROGEN DYNAMICS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; ARID GRASSLAND; SOIL; CARBON; RESTORATION; CHEATGRASS; AVAILABILITY AB Restoration of sagebrush-steppe plant communities dominated by the invasive ruderals Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead) can be facilitated by adding carbon (C) to the soil, stimulating microbes to immobilize nitrogen (N) and limit inorganic N availability. Our objectives were to determine responses in (1) cheatgrass and medusahead biomass and seed production; (2) soil microbial biomass C and N; and (3) inorganic soil N to a range of C doses and to calculate the lowest dose that yielded a significant response. In November 2005, we applid 12 C doses ranging from 0 to 2,400 kg C/ha as sucrose to plots sown with cheatgrass and medusahead at two sites in the northern Great Basin. Other ruderal plants established in our plots, and this entire ruderal community was negatively affected by C addition. End-of-year biomass of the ruderal community decreased approximately by approximately 6% at each site for an increase in C dose of 100 kg C/ha. For the same increase in C, microbial biomass C increased by 2-4 mg/kg in November 2005 and March 2006, but not in July 2006. There was little, if any, microbial soil N uptake, as microbial biomass N increased by 0.3 mg/kg at only one site at the earliest date, in November 2005. Soil nitrate (NO3-) measured via resin capsules placed in situ for the study duration decreased at both sites with increasing C. Although we found no threshold dose of C, for a significant reduction in ruderal biomass, we calculated lowest significant doses of 240-640 kg C/ha. C1 [Pyke, David A.; Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brunson, Jessi L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Range-land Ecosystem Science Center; U.S. Department of Agriculture Initiative for Future Agricultural and Foods Systems CREES [2001-52103-11322] FX We thank Manuela Huso of the Quantitative Services Group of the College of Forestry at Oregon State University for statistical advice, Andrew Lindgren and Christina Catricala for technical assistance in the field and lab, respectively; Patricia Muir for aid in experiment design and manuscript comments, and Kim Allcock for comments. This study was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Range-land Ecosystem Science Center's Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Initiative for Future Agricultural and Foods Systems CREES Agreement No. 2001-52103-11322. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 SU 2 BP 304 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00644.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679OX UT WOS:000284171800008 ER PT J AU Yurkonis, KA Wilsey, BJ Moloney, KA Drobney, P Larson, DL AF Yurkonis, Kathryn A. Wilsey, Brian J. Moloney, Kirk A. Drobney, Pauline Larson, Diane L. TI Seeding Method Influences Warm-Season Grass Abundance and Distribution but not Local Diversity in Grassland Restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broadcast seeding; drill seeding; grassland restoration; heterogeneity; invasion; reconstruction; slot seeding; spatial pattern; tallgrass prairie ID EXPERIMENTAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SPECIES RICHNESS; PERENNIAL GRASSES; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY; EMERGENCE; ESTABLISHMENT; COLONIZATION AB Ecological theory predicts that the arrangement of seedlings in newly restored communities may influence future species diversity and composition. We test the prediction that smaller distances between neighboring seeds in drill seeded grassland plantings would result in lower species diversity, greater weed abundance, and larger conspecific patch sizes than otherwise similar broadcast seeded plantings. A diverse grassland seed mix was either drill seeded, which places seeds in equally spaced rows, or broadcast seeded, which spreads seeds across the ground surface, into 24 plots in each of three sites in 2005. In summer 2007, we measured species abundance in a 1 m(2) quadrat in each plot and mapped common species within the quadrat by recording the most abundant species in each of 64 cells. Quadrat-scale diversity and weed abundance were similar between drilled and broadcast plots, suggesting that processes that limited establishment and controlled invasion were not affected by such fine-scale seed distribution. However, native warm-season (C-4) grasses were more abundant and occurred in less compact patches in drilled plots. This difference in C-4 grass abundance and distribution may result from increased germination or vegetative propagation of C-4 grasses in drilled plots. Our findings suggest that local plant density may control fine-scale heterogeneity and species composition in restored grasslands, processes that need to be further investigated to determine whether seed distributions can be manipulated to increase diversity in restored grasslands. C1 [Yurkonis, Kathryn A.; Wilsey, Brian J.; Moloney, Kirk A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Drobney, Pauline] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Prairie City, IA 50228 USA. [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Yurkonis, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yurkonis@iastate.edu RI Moloney, Kirk/H-6483-2011; OI Moloney, Kirk/0000-0003-1406-9757; Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006; Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU Iowa Department of Transportation Living Roadway Trust; Iowa Prairie Network; Iowa Native Plant Society FX Many thanks to the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge staff who helped to plan, plant, and manage the Thistle Suppression study plots. T. Moeller and K. Wahl assisted in sampling the plots. S. Allison, W. Polley, F. Isbell, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. This project was partially funded by the Iowa Department of Transportation Living Roadway Trust Fund, the Iowa Prairie Network, and the Iowa Native Plant Society. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 SU 2 BP 344 EP 353 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00617.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679OX UT WOS:000284171800012 ER PT J AU Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ Williams, RA AF Odum, Jack K. Stephenson, William J. Williams, Robert A. TI Predicted and Observed Spectral Response from Collocated Shallow, Active- and Passive-Source Vs Data at Five ANSS Sites, Illinois and Indiana, USA SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; GROUND-MOTION; UNITED-STATES; EARTHQUAKE; WASHINGTON; SEATTLE; VALLEY C1 [Odum, Jack K.; Stephenson, William J.; Williams, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Odum, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM odum@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 BP 955 EP 964 DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.6.955 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 681HN UT WOS:000284302100010 ER PT J AU Ringler, AT Hutt, CR AF Ringler, A. T. Hutt, C. R. TI Self-Noise Models of Seismic Instruments SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SPECTRA; SENSORS C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Hutt, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM aringler@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 BP 972 EP 983 DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.6.972 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 681HN UT WOS:000284302100012 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Hayes, DJ Kicklighter, DW Manizza, M Zhuang, Q Chen, M Follows, MJ Gurney, KR McClelland, JW Melillo, JM Peterson, BJ Prinn, RG AF McGuire, A. D. Hayes, D. J. Kicklighter, D. W. Manizza, M. Zhuang, Q. Chen, M. Follows, M. J. Gurney, K. R. McClelland, J. W. Melillo, J. M. Peterson, B. J. Prinn, R. G. TI An analysis of the carbon balance of the Arctic Basin from 1997 to 2006 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LATITUDE ECOSYSTEMS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; NITROGEN INTERACTIONS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SYSTEM AB This study used several model-based tools to analyse the dynamics of the Arctic Basin between 1997 and 2006 as a linked system of land-ocean-atmosphere C exchange. The analysis estimates that terrestrial areas of the Arctic Basin lost 62.9 Tg C yr-1 and that the Arctic Ocean gained 94.1 Tg C yr-1. Arctic lands and oceans were a net CO2 sink of 108.9 Tg C yr-1, which is within the range of uncertainty in estimates from atmospheric inversions. Although both lands and oceans of the Arctic were estimated to be CO2 sinks, the land sink diminished in strength because of increased fire disturbance compared to previous decades, while the ocean sink increased in strength because of increased biological pump activity associated with reduced sea ice cover. Terrestrial areas of the Arctic were a net source of 41.5 Tg CH4 yr-1 that increased by 0.6 Tg CH4 yr-1 during the decade of analysis, a magnitude that is comparable with an atmospheric inversion of CH4. Because the radiative forcing of the estimated CH4 emissions is much greater than the CO2 sink, the analysis suggests that the Arctic Basin is a substantial net source of green house gas forcing to the climate system. C1 [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hayes, D. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kicklighter, D. W.; Melillo, J. M.; Peterson, B. J.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manizza, M.; Follows, M. J.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Manizza, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zhuang, Q.; Chen, M.; Gurney, K. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McClelland, J. W.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM admcguire@alaska.edu RI Follows, Michael/G-9824-2011; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008 OI McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194 FU NSF [ARC-0531047, 0531082, 0531119, 0554811] FX We thank Eugenie Euskirchen, Fengming Yuan and an anonymous reviewer for comments on previous versions of this paper. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF Arctic System Science Program as part of the Arctic Carbon Cycle Synthesis Project (ARC-0531047, 0531082, 0531119 and 0554811). NR 83 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 38 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 SI SI BP 455 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00497.x PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 667BJ UT WOS:000283167300012 ER PT J AU Wikle, CK Hooten, MB AF Wikle, Christopher K. Hooten, Mevin B. TI A general science-based framework for dynamical spatio-temporal models SO TEST LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Hierarchical; Nonlinear; Quadratic; State-space; SST ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; STATIONARY COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; EL-NINO; CLIMATE MODELS; LINEAR-MODELS; KALMAN FILTER; TIME MODELS; LA-NINA AB Spatio-temporal statistical models are increasingly being used across a wide variety of scientific disciplines to describe and predict spatially-explicit processes that evolve over time. Correspondingly, in recent years there has been a significant amount of research on new statistical methodology for such models. Although descriptive models that approach the problem from the second-order (covariance) perspective are important, and innovative work is being done in this regard, many real-world processes are dynamic, and it can be more efficient in some cases to characterize the associated spatio-temporal dependence by the use of dynamical models. The chief challenge with the specification of such dynamical models has been related to the curse of dimensionality. Even in fairly simple linear, first-order Markovian, Gaussian error settings, statistical models are often over parameterized. Hierarchical models have proven invaluable in their ability to deal to some extent with this issue by allowing dependency among groups of parameters. In addition, this framework has allowed for the specification of science based parameterizations (and associated prior distributions) in which classes of deterministic dynamical models (e.g., partial differential equations (PDEs), integro-difference equations (IDEs), matrix models, and agent-based models) are used to guide specific parameterizations. Most of the focus for the application of such models in statistics has been in the linear case. The problems mentioned above with linear dynamic models are compounded in the case of nonlinear models. In this sense, the need for coherent and sensible model parameterizations is not only helpful, it is essential. Here, we present an overview of a framework for incorporating scientific information to motivate dynamical spatio-temporal models. First, we illustrate the methodology with the linear case. We then develop a general nonlinear spatio-temporal framework that we call general quadratic nonlinearity and demonstrate that it accommodates many different classes of scientific-based parameterizations as special cases. The model is presented in a hierarchical Bayesian framework and is illustrated with examples from ecology and oceanography. C1 [Wikle, Christopher K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wikle, CK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wiklec@missouri.edu; mevin.hooten@colostate.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) [ATM-0434213, GEOSCI-0814934, N00014-07-1-0513, N00014-10-1-0518] FX This work was made possible by NSF grants ATM-0434213, GEOSCI-0814934, and Awards N00014-07-1-0513 and N00014-10-1-0518 from the Physical Oceanography Program of the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for providing many helpful suggestions to improve the paper. NR 120 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1133-0686 J9 TEST-SPAIN JI Test PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 417 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s11749-010-0209-z PG 35 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 679JE UT WOS:000284156900001 ER PT J AU Wikle, CK Hooten, MB AF Wikle, Christopher K. Hooten, Mevin B. TI Rejoinder on: A general science-based framework for dynamical spatio-temporal models SO TEST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wikle, Christopher K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wikle, CK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wiklec@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1133-0686 J9 TEST JI Test PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 466 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s11749-010-0214-2 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 679JE UT WOS:000284156900006 ER PT J AU Singhurst, JR Young, JH Kerouac, G Whitlaw, HA AF Singhurst, Jason R. Young, John H. Kerouac, Greg Whitlaw, Heather A. TI ESTIMATING BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG (CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS) DISTRIBUTION IN TEXAS SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In response to petitions to list the black-tailed prairie dog (BTPD, Cynomys ludovicianus Ord) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, an inventory of the BTPD in Texas was undertaken. The historical and current distributions of the species were estimated and compared, current complexes were identified, vegetative systems colonized by the species were characterized, and the effect of improved aerial imagery on current population estimates was estimated. Historical records of BTPDs were found in 114 Texas counties. Remote sensing and roadside ground-truthing were used to find current colonies in 73 counties. An estimate of 3,180 colonies of BTPDs in Texas occupying 59,300 ha was developed. The mean area occupied by a colony was 21.7 ha, and the mean rate of occupancy of a colony was 77.8%. Two to six complexes of colonies >2,023 ha were found, and 40-80% of the BTPDs in Texas were found living in complexes >404 ha. Current BTPD populations were concentrated on the Great Plains Shortgrass Prairies ecosystem, but colonies were also found on four other ecosystems and three anthropogenic systems. The population of BTPDs had receded from the southern and eastern boundaries of the historical range in Texas. C1 [Singhurst, Jason R.; Young, John H.; Kerouac, Greg] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Wildlife Divers Program, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Singhurst, JR (reprint author), Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Wildlife Divers Program, 4200 Smith Sch Rd, Austin, TX 78744 USA. EM jason.singhurst@tpwd.state.tx.us FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Diversity Program, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department FX The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service funded this project. Dr. C. Boal and A. Pruett from Texas Tech University developed the data for 12 counties in the Texas High Plains. D. Butler and R. Stout developed the ground-truthing methods while they ground-truthed 40 counties. J. Bonner, D. Cook, D. Lucia, K. McGinty, M. Miller, M. Sumner, and D. Wright shared their contacts and expertise. C. Brancel and J. Wicker assisted with ground-truthing. D. Garcia assisted in the Rita Blanca National Grassland. D. Holdermann and T. Bone provided support in the Trans-Pecos. The late L. Miller shared his knowledge of BTPDs colonies in the counties surrounding San Angelo. B. Burleson, V. Sybert, and M. Sullins provided unique information about the BTPDs historical distribution. J. Ray's detailed digital data improved our dataset and guided our procedural definition. Dr. E. Zimmerman and C. Biggs from the University of North Texas added colonies to our dataset. G. Fore gave us a unique look at BTPD colonies in the Trans-Pecos. J. Woodand R. Burns, U. S. Department of Agriculture, provided exceptional access to their relocation in progress. We owe special thanks to the landowners and citizens of Texas for granting access to their lands and for sharing their knowledge of BTPD towns past and present. We owe an extraordinary thanks to Dr. Paul Robertson and Dr. Duane Schlitter (former program leaders) with the Wildlife Diversity Program, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, for their support throughout this project. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI KERRVILLE PA CMB 6252, SCHREINER UNIV, KERRVILLE, TX 78028-5697 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 62 IS 4 BP 243 EP 262 PG 20 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA V25DB UT WOS:000208457600001 ER PT J AU Warren, CP Pascual, M Lafferty, KD Kuris, AM AF Warren, Christopher P. Pascual, Mercedes Lafferty, Kevin D. Kuris, Armand M. TI The inverse niche model for food webs with parasites SO THEORETICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Food webs with parasites; Food web structure; Niche model ID BODY-SIZE RELATIONSHIPS; VOLTERRA CASCADE MODEL; NETWORK STRUCTURE; PREY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; CONSTRAINTS; PREDATOR; LINKS AB Although parasites represent an important component of ecosystems, few field and theoretical studies have addressed the structure of parasites in food webs. We evaluate the structure of parasitic links in an extensive salt marsh food web, with a new model distinguishing parasitic links from non-parasitic links among free-living species. The proposed model is an extension of the niche model for food web structure, motivated by the potential role of size (and related metabolic rates) in structuring food webs. The proposed extension captures several properties observed in the data, including patterns of clustering and nestedness, better than does a random model. By relaxing specific assumptions, we demonstrate that two essential elements of the proposed model are the similarity of a parasite's hosts and the increasing degree of parasite specialization, along a one-dimensional niche axis. Thus, inverting one of the basic rules of the original model, the one determining consumers' generality appears critical. Our results support the role of size as one of the organizing principles underlying niche space and food web topology. They also strengthen the evidence for the non-random structure of parasitic links in food webs and open the door to addressing questions concerning the consequences and origins of this structure. C1 [Warren, Christopher P.; Pascual, Mercedes] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Warren, Christopher P.] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN USA. [Pascual, Mercedes] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Warren, CP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 2019 Kraus Nat Sci Bldg,830 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM warrencp@umich.edu; pascual@umich.edu; lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu; kuris@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU James S. McDonnell Foundation; NSF [DEB-0553768]; University of California; Santa Barbara; State of California; NSF/NIH [DEB-0224565]; Grant N FX M. P. thanks the support of the James S. McDonnell Foundation through a Centennial Fellowship in Global and Complex Systems. C. W. would like to thank the Center for the Study of Complex Systems for computer resources. This work was conducted as a part of the Parasites and Food Webs Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. The NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program, Grant DEB-0224565 and the NSF Theory in Biology, Grant N, also supported aspects of the research. R. Hechinger and J. McLaughlin provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-1738 J9 THEOR ECOL-NETH JI Theor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s12080-009-0069-x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654OS UT WOS:000282178400006 ER PT J AU Van Vrancken, J O'Connell, M AF Van Vrancken, Jeffrey O'Connell, Martin TI Effects of Hurricane Katrina on Freshwater Fish Assemblages in a Small Coastal Tributary of Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PUERTO-RICO; STREAMS; DISTURBANCE; RECOVERY; IMPACTS; HUGO; REPOPULATION; POPULATIONS; ESTUARINE AB Hurricane Katrina struck southeastern Louisiana on 29 August 2005 and thereby created an opportunity to examine the effects of a catastrophic storm on fish assemblages in a coastal stream. Bayou Lacombe is a small (46.1 river kilometers), primarily freshwater stream that drains into the northeastern portion of Lake Pontchartrain, a large oligohaline estuary located north of New Orleans. In summer 2005 (prior to the hurricane), three upstream and three downstream reaches of Bayou Lacombe were surveyed by electrofishing. These same six reaches were resurveyed in the summer of 2006 to assess the effects of the hurricane on fish assemblages. There were significant changes in fish assemblages at the downstream and upstream reaches. At the downstream reaches, centrarchid species such as bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, warmouth L. gulosus, and redspotted sunfish L. miniatus increased in abundance after the hurricane, as did inland silverside Menidia beryllina and striped mullet Mugil cephalus, both estuarine-dependent species. At the upstream reaches, longear sunfish L. megalotis decreased after the hurricane and weed shiners Notropis texanus, goldstriped darters Etheostoma parvipinne, and warmouth were absent from posthurricane samples. Principal components and BEST analyses showed that differences in dissolved oxygen between years were related to fish assemblage changes in the upstream reaches. Salinity and temperature were associated with fish assemblage changes in the downstream reaches. Similar significant changes could occur in other coastal streams prone to increased hurricane activity. C1 [Van Vrancken, Jeffrey] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson Guard, Eglin AFB, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. [O'Connell, Martin] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Van Vrancken, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson Guard, Eglin AFB, 107 Highway 85 N, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. EM jeffrey_vanvrancken@fws.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA16FZ2719] FX The authors would like to extend their gratitude to the editor and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions in improving this manuscript. This research was partially funded by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA16FZ2719) as part of the Pontchartrain Restoration Act. We would like to thank the hard-working men and women of the Nekton Research Laboratory at the University of New Orleans for their dedication to conducting scientific research after such a devastating natural disaster as Hurricane Katrina. In particular, we would like to acknowledge C. S. Schieble for his help with fieldwork and electrofishing training. This manuscript represents publication 8 for the Nekton Research Laboratory, Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1723 EP 1732 DI 10.1577/T09-217.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500009 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF AF Konikow, Leonard F. TI Applying Dispersive Changes to Lagrangian Particles in Groundwater Transport Models SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Transport modeling; Dispersion; Method of characteristics AB Method-of-characteristics groundwater transport models require that changes in concentrations computed within an Eulerian framework to account for dispersion be transferred to moving particles used to simulate advective transport A new algorithm was developed to accomplish this transfer between nodal values and advecting particles more precisely and realistically compared to currently used methods The new method scales the changes and adjustments of particle concentrations relative to limiting bounds of concentration values determined from the population of adjacent nodal values The method precludes unrealistic undershoot or overshoot for concentrations of individual particles In the new method, if dispersion causes cell concentrations to decrease during a time step, those particles in the cell having the highest concentration will decrease the most, and those with the lowest concentration will decrease the least The converse is true if dispersion is causing concentrations to increase Furthermore, if the initial concentration on a particle is outside the range of the adjacent nodal values, it will automatically be adjusted in the direction of the acceptable range of values The new method is inherently mass conservative C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 2 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s11242-010-9571-2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 690AW UT WOS:000284973500005 ER PT J AU Walker, PJ Winton, JR AF Walker, Peter J. Winton, James R. TI Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE disease emergence; shrimp; fish; virus ID WHITE SPOT SYNDROME; HEMATOPOIETIC-NECROSIS-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; FRESH-WATER PRAWN; TAURA-SYNDROME VIRUS; INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS; SALMON-ANEMIA-VIRUS; YELLOW-HEAD VIRUS; RED-SEA BREAM; ROSENBERGII NODAVIRUS MRNV AB The rise of aquaculture has been one of the most profound changes in global food production of the past 100 years. Driven by population growth, rising demand for seafood and a levelling of production from capture fisheries, the practice of farming aquatic animals has expanded rapidly to become a major global industry. Aquaculture is now integral to the economies of many countries. It has provided employment and been a major driver of socio-economic development in poor rural and coastal communities, particularly in Asia, and has relieved pressure on the sustainability of the natural harvest from our rivers, lakes and oceans. However, the rapid growth of aquaculture has also been the source of anthropogenic change on a massive scale. Aquatic animals have been displaced from their natural environment, cultured in high density, exposed to environmental stress, provided artificial or unnatural feeds, and a prolific global trade has developed in both live aquatic animals and their products. At the same time, over-exploitation of fisheries and anthropogenic stress on aquatic ecosystems has placed pressure on wild fish populations. Not surprisingly, the consequence has been the emergence and spread of an increasing array of new diseases. This review examines the rise and characteristics of aquaculture, the major viral pathogens of fish and shrimp and their impacts, and the particular characteristics of disease emergence in an aquatic, rather than terrestrial, context. It also considers the potential for future disease emergence in aquatic animals as aquaculture continues to expand and faces the challenges presented by climate change. C1 [Walker, Peter J.] AAHL, CSIRO Livestock Ind, Geelong, Vic, Australia. [Winton, James R.] USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Walker, PJ (reprint author), AAHL, CSIRO Livestock Ind, 5 Portarlington Rd, Geelong, Vic, Australia. EM Peter.Walker@csiro.au RI Walker, Peter/H-6059-2013 OI Walker, Peter/0000-0003-1851-642X NR 165 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 10 U2 73 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 AR 51 DI 10.1051/vetres/2010022 PG 24 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697WC UT WOS:000285549500007 PM 20409453 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Mumford, A Young, LY Reilly, PA Bonin, JL Rosman, R AF Barringer, Julia L. Mumford, Adam Young, Lily Y. Reilly, Pamela A. Bonin, Jennifer L. Rosman, Robert TI Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Glauconite; Arsenic respiratory reductase ID MICROBIAL REDUCTION; REDUCING BACTERIA; NATURAL-WATERS; CLAY-MINERALS; SEQUENCE DATA; WEST-BENGAL; MOBILIZATION; AQUIFER; RELEASE; IRON AB The Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments that underlie the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey contain the arsenic-rich mineral glauconite. Streambed sediments in two Inner Coastal Plain streams (Crosswicks and Raccoon Creeks) that traverse these glauconitic deposits are enriched in arsenic (15-25 mg/kg), and groundwater discharging to the streams contains elevated levels of arsenic (>80 mu g/L at a site on Crosswicks Creek) with arsenite generally the dominant species. Low dissolved oxygen, low or undetectable levels of nitrate and sulfate, detectable sulfide concentrations, and high concentrations of iron and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the groundwater indicate that reducing environments are present beneath the streambeds and that microbial activity, fueled by the DOC, is involved in releasing arsenic and iron from the geologic materials. In groundwater with the highest arsenic concentrations at Crosswicks Creek, arsenic respiratory reductase gene (arrA) indicated the presence of arsenic-reducing microbes. From extracted DNA, 16s rRNA gene sequences indicate the microbial community may include arsenic-reducing bacteria that have not yet been described. Once in the stream, iron is oxidized and precipitates as hydroxide coatings on the sediments. Arsenite also is oxidized and co-precipitates with or is sorbed to the iron hydroxides. Consequently, dissolved arsenic concentrations are lower in streamwater than in the groundwater, but the arsenic contributed by groundwater becomes part of the arsenic load in the stream when sediments are suspended during high flow. A strong positive relation between concentrations of arsenic and DOC in the groundwater samples indicates that any process natural or anthropogenic that increases the organic carbon concentration in the groundwater could stimulate microbial activity and thus increase the amount of arsenic that is released from the geologic materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Barringer, Julia L.; Reilly, Pamela A.; Bonin, Jennifer L.; Rosman, Robert] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Mumford, Adam; Young, Lily Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jbarring@usgs.gov OI Mumford, Adam/0000-0002-8082-8910 FU NJDEP; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment, Rutgers University FX Funding for the geochemical studies is provided by the NJDEP, and thanks go to NJDEP colleagues Barbara Hirst, Kimberly Cenno, Marzooq Alebus and Miraslowa Gorska for help in planning the initial water-quality investigation. Funding for the microbiological study is provided in part by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and by the Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment, Rutgers University. The authors are grateful to Ken Thoman, Bill O'Shaughnessy and Sarah Bent of the Monmouth County Park System for access to CRO sampling sites and information about the C6 site and local area, and to Richard Westergaard of the Gloucester County Planning Department for information regarding the RAC watershed. Thanks go to USGS colleagues Dennis Eberl, John Garbarino, and LaDonna Choate for analytical help and to Anna Baker, Zoltan Szabo and Thomas Kulp for helpful comments on early drafts of this paper. Thanks also go to Joe Janda (NJDEP), Anna Baker, Eric Best, Michael Deluca, Heather Heckathorn, Jason Lewis, Brian Painter, Melissa Riskin, Jason Shvanda, Dan Skulski, Nicholas Smith, Aric Vanselous, Christine Wieben (USGS), and Shravan Dave and Alexandra Walczak (Rutgers) for field assistance. We thank the anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the clarity of the paper. (Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.) NR 62 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 5532 EP 5544 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.047 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 696JW UT WOS:000285438700003 PM 20580401 ER PT J AU Blakesley, JA Seamans, ME Conner, MM Franklin, AB White, GC Gutierrez, RJ Hines, JE Nichols, JD Munton, TE Shaw, DWH Keane, JJ Steger, GN McDonald, TL AF Blakesley, Jennifer A. Seamans, Mark E. Conner, Mary M. Franklin, Alan B. White, Gary C. Gutierrez, R. J. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Munton, Thomas E. Shaw, Daniel W. H. Keane, John J. Steger, George N. McDonald, Trent L. TI Population Dynamics of Spotted Owls in the Sierra Nevada, California SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE annual rate of population change; California spotted owl; meta-analysis; population dynamics; reproductive output; Sierra Nevada; Strix occidentalis occidentalis; survival rates ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; GROWTH RATE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BREEDING DISPERSAL; TEMPORAL VARIATION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MARKED ANIMALS; RECAPTURE DATA AB The California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) is the only spotted owl subspecies not listed as threatened or endangered under the United States Endangered Species Act despite petitions to list it as threatened. We conducted a meta-analysis of population data for 4 populations in the southern Cascades and Sierra Nevada, California, USA, from 1990 to 2005 to assist a listing evaluation by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Our study areas (from N to S) were on the Lassen National Forest (LAS), Eldorado National Forest (ELD), Sierra National Forest (SIE), and Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SKC). These study areas represented a broad spectrum of habitat and management conditions in these mountain ranges. We estimated apparent survival probability, reproductive output, and rate of population change for spotted owls on individual study areas and for all study areas combined (meta-analysis) using model selection or model-averaging based on maximum-likelihood estimation. We followed a formal protocol to conduct this analysis that was similar to other spotted owl meta-analyses. Consistency of field and analytical methods among our studies reduced confounding methodological effects when evaluating results. We used 991 marked spotted owls in the analysis of apparent survival. Apparent survival probability was higher for adult than for subadult owls. There was little difference in apparent survival between male and female owls. Model-averaged mean estimates of apparent survival probability of adult owls varied from 0.811 +/- 0.021 for females at LAS to 0.890 +/- 0.016 for males at SKC. Apparent survival increased over time for owls of all age classes at LAS and SIE, for adults at ELD, and for second-year subadults and adults at SKC. The meta-analysis of apparent survival, which included only adult owls, confirmed an increasing trend in survival over time. Survival rates were higher for owls on SKC than on the other study areas. We analyzed data from 1,865 observations of reproductive outcomes for female spotted owls. The proportion of subadult females among all territorial females of known age ranged from 0.00 to 0.25 among study areas and years. The proportion of subadults among female spotted owls was negatively related to reproductive output (no. of young fledged/territorial F owl) for ELD and SIE. Eldorado study area and LAS showed an alternate-year trend in reproductive output, with higher output in even-numbered years. Mean annual reproductive output was 0.988 +/- 0.154 for ELD, 0.624 +/- 0.140 for LAS, 0.478 +/- 0.106 for SIE, and 0.555 +/- 0.110 for SKC. Eldorado Study Area exhibited a declining trend and the greatest variation in reproductive output over time, whereas SIE and SKC, which had the lowest reproductive output, had the lowest temporal variation. Meta-analysis confirmed that reproductive output varied among study areas. Reproductive output was highest for adults, followed by second-year subadults, and then by first-year subadults. We used 842 marked subadult and adult owls to estimate population rate of change. Modeling indicated that lambda(t) (lambda(t) is the finite rate of population change estimated using the reparameterized Jolly-Seber estimator [Pradel 1996]) was either stationary (LAS and SIE) or increasing after an initial decrease (ELD and SKC). Mean estimated lt for the 4 study areas was 1.007 (95% CI 5 0.952-1.066) for ELD; 0.973 (95% CI 5 0.946-1.001) for LAS; 0.992 (95% CI 5 0.966-1.018) for SIE; and 1.006 (95% CI 5 0.947-1.068) for SKC. The best meta-analysis model of population trend indicated that l varied across time but was similar in trend among the study areas. Our estimates of realized population change (Delta Franklin et al. 2004), which we estimated as the product 1 x (lambda) over cap (3) x (lambda) over cap (1) x ... x (lambda) over cap (k-1), were based on estimates of lambda(t) from individual study areas and did not require estimating annual population size for each study area. Trends represented the proportion of the population size in the first year that remained in each subsequent year. Similar to (lambda) over cap (t) on which they were based, these (Delta) over cap (t) showed evidence of decline over the study period for LAS and SIE. The best model indicated recruitment of male and female adult and subadults varied from 0.10 to 0.31 new territorial individuals at time t/number of territorial individuals at time t - 1 and similarly among areas. We also conducted a population viability analysis (PVA) based on results of our meta-analysis. This PVA was of limited utility for ELD and SKC study areas because 95% confidence intervals on the probability of decline or increase spanned the interval [0, 1] within 5-10 years. When we restricted inferences to 7 years, estimated probability of a >10% decline for SIE was 0.41 (95% CI 5 0.09-0.78); for LAS the probability was 0.64 (95% CI 5 0.27-0.94). In contrast, estimated probability of a >10% increase in 7 years for SIE was 0.23 (95% CI 5 0.01-0.55) and for LAS was 0.10 (95% CI 5 0.00-0.34). For comparisons, we simulated a PVA for a hypothetical population with mean lambda = 1.0 and the same temporal variation as observed in our owl populations. Our PVA suggested that both the SIE and LAS populations had higher probabilities of declining in a 7-year period than increasing but that it would be difficult to determine if a population was in a slight gradual decline. Our analysis and the repository of information on our 4 study populations provide a data-rich template for managers to monitor impacts of future management actions on the owl. Specifically, our data can be used to evaluate the effect of management strategies on spotted owls that are being implemented by the United States Forest Service to reduce the risk of wildfire in the Sierra Nevada ecosystem. Our information also provides baseline information for evaluating the status of the owl for potential listing as a threatened species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. C1 [Blakesley, Jennifer A.; Franklin, Alan B.; White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Seamans, Mark E.; Gutierrez, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Conner, Mary M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Munton, Thomas E.; Steger, George N.] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. [Shaw, Daniel W. H.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keane, John J.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [McDonald, Trent L.] WEST Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Blakesley, JA (reprint author), Rocky Mt Bird Observ, POB 1232, Brighton, CO 80601 USA. EM mconner@fs.fed.us RI McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 FU USFS; USFWS; USFS Region 5; Pacific Southwest Research Station; California Department of Fish and Game; California Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the many field biologists who worked on our studies over many years. R. Al-Chockachy, K. Murray, T. Hamer, and G. Olson assisted with data analysis at the meta-analysis workshop, J. Clarke and K. Wolfe provided logistical support during the workshop, and L. Erickson provided additional technical support. S. Britting attended the workshop and represented environmental stakeholders. B. Noon was the principal investigator for the Lassen Study during the early and middle parts of that study. C. Phillips provided technical assistance on drafts of this paper. Funding for our analysis was provided by the USFS and USFWS. Funding for the individual field studies was primarily from USFS Region 5, the Pacific Southwest Research Station, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the California Department of Natural Resources. We thank D. Karayiannis and V. Maisier for providing Spanish and French abstracts, respectively. NR 76 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 41 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 174 BP 1 EP 36 PG 36 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678DW UT WOS:000284053800001 ER PT J AU Arnoult, KM Olson, JV Szuberla, CAL McNutt, SR Garces, MA Fee, D Hedlin, MAH AF Arnoult, Kenneth M. Olson, John V. Szuberla, Curt A. L. McNutt, Stephen R. Garces, Milton A. Fee, David Hedlin, Michael A. H. TI Infrasound observations of the 2008 explosive eruptions of Okmok and Kasatochi volcanoes, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SHISHALDIN-VOLCANO; TREMOR AB The recent explosive eruptions of Okmok and Kasatochi volcanoes provide an opportunity to use seismic, local infrasound, distant infrasound array, and remote sensing data in concert to better monitor volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc and to better understand the source processes. The eruption of Okmok Volcano began on 12 July 2008 and included a seismically active phase that lasted continuously for about 10 h. In contrast, the eruption of Kasatochi which began on 7 August 2008 consisted of five explosive events that lasted from 26 to 68 min each and had a cumulative duration of 3.4 h. Given the event times by local seismic stations, the corresponding infrasound signals were found in the data recorded by local infrasound sensors and by distant infrasound arrays. Signals from the Okmok eruption were detected by three International Monitoring System (IMS) arrays as far away as 4400 km; signals from the Kasatochi eruption were detected at greater distances up to 5200 km away by seven infrasound arrays including the ones that detected the event at Okmok Volcano. Back azimuth propagation and a simple acoustic wave propagation model in unison with known event times were used to confirm that the planar, acoustic signals recorded at the arrays had originated from the eruptions. The infrasound array data reflected the differences in eruption styles between Okmok and Kasatochi as the signals from Kasatochi were of shorter duration, of greater amplitude, and detected over greater distances. The infrasound array data were also able to distinguish between two types of tremor episodes that occurred at Kasatochi Volcano based on atmospheric disturbance. C1 [Arnoult, Kenneth M.; Olson, John V.; Szuberla, Curt A. L.; Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McNutt, Stephen R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Garces, Milton A.; Fee, David] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Infrasound Lab, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96740 USA. [Hedlin, Michael A. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lab Atmospher Acoust, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Arnoult, KM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr,POB 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kma@gi.alaska.edu FU Geophysical Institute, UAF FX This work represents one aspect of the research supported by the Geophysical Institute, UAF. Data from arrays I10, I18, and I30 were provided by the IMS program. Data from the NVIAR array were provided by the Southern Methodist University. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Douglas Drob of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for his assistance with utilizing the NRL-G2S Atmospheric Data System. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), and the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) provided the global numerical weather prediction analysis fields that went into the hybrid G2S atmospheric specifications. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00L15 DI 10.1029/2010JD013987 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674MP UT WOS:000283750600005 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Haig, SM AF Miller, Mark P. Haig, Susan M. TI Identifying Shared Genetic Structure Patterns among Pacific Northwest Forest Taxa: Insights from Use of Visualization Tools and Computer Simulations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLADE PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; RANGE EXPANSION; INTRASPECIFIC PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATION-GENETICS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; SPOTTED OWL; FLOW; DIVERSITY; DISTANCE AB Background: Identifying causal relationships in phylogeographic and landscape genetic investigations is notoriously difficult, but can be facilitated by use of multispecies comparisons. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used data visualizations to identify common spatial patterns within single lineages of four taxa inhabiting Pacific Northwest forests (northern spotted owl: Strix occidentalis caurina; red tree vole: Arborimus longicaudus; southern torrent salamander: Rhyacotriton variegatus; and western white pine: Pinus monticola). Visualizations suggested that, despite occupying the same geographical region and habitats, species responded differently to prevailing historical processes. S. o. caurina and P. monticola demonstrated directional patterns of spatial genetic structure where genetic distances and diversity were greater in southern versus northern locales. A. longicaudus and R. variegatus displayed opposite patterns where genetic distances were greater in northern versus southern regions. Statistical analyses of directional patterns subsequently confirmed observations from visualizations. Based upon regional climatological history, we hypothesized that observed latitudinal patterns may have been produced by range expansions. Subsequent computer simulations confirmed that directional patterns can be produced by expansion events. Conclusions/Significance: We discuss phylogeographic hypotheses regarding historical processes that may have produced observed patterns. Inferential methods used here may become increasingly powerful as detailed simulations of organisms and historical scenarios become plausible. We further suggest that inter-specific comparisons of historical patterns take place prior to drawing conclusions regarding effects of current anthropogenic change within landscapes. C1 [Miller, Mark P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Miller, Mark P.] Utah State Univ, Ctr High Performance Comp, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Miller, Mark P.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey Forest; Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 10 AR e13683 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013683 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673FU UT WOS:000283645300004 PM 21060824 ER PT J AU Droege, S Rightmyer, MG Sheffield, CS Brady, SG AF Droege, Sam Rightmyer, Molly G. Sheffield, Cory S. Brady, Sean G. TI New synonymies in the bee genus Nomada from North America (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Nomadinae; Nomadini; DNA barcoding; taxonomy ID SPECIES-GROUP HYMENOPTERA AB We provide diagnostic morphological characters to help distinguish males and females of the following species of Nomada: N. augustiana Mitchell, N. bethunei Cockerell, N. fervida Smith, N. fragariae Mitchell, N. lehighensis Cockerell, N. texana Cresson, and N. tiftonensis Cockerell. Based on morphological and DNA barcoding evidence we newly synonymize the following species: N. heligbrodtii Cresson (under N. texana), N. indusata Mitchell (under N. augustiana), N. kingstonensis Mitchell (under N. lehighensis), N. pseudops Cockerell (under N. bethunei), and N. wisconsinensis Graenicher (under N. fervida). We provide full descriptions of the female of N. fragariae and the male of N. lehighensis, both of which were not previously known, and newly designate the lectotype of N. wisconsinensis. We additionally provide comments on the distribution, flight times, and host associations for the treated species. C1 [Droege, Sam] US Geol Survey, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rightmyer, Molly G.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rightmyer, Molly G.; Brady, Sean G.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sheffield, Cory S.] York Univ, Dept Biol, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Droege, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BARC EAST, Bldg 308,Room 124,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sdroege@usgs.gov; molly_rightmyer@yahoo.com; corys@yorku.ca; bradys@si.edu FU Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute); NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada); Smithsonian Institution FX We thank E.A.B. Almeida and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We also thank the individuals and institutions listed above, who generously shared material for this project. Specimens contributed from York University were barcoded at BIO (Biodiversity Institute of Ontario); this work was supported through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute), NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. This contribution was also supported by the Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship in Molecular Evolution (awarded to MGR). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 29 PY 2010 IS 2661 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 677RG UT WOS:000284008900001 ER PT J AU Wilson, DC Aster, R Grand, S Ni, J Baldridge, WS AF Wilson, David C. Aster, Richard Grand, Stephen Ni, James Baldridge, W. Scott TI High-resolution receiver function imaging reveals Colorado Plateau lithospheric architecture and mantle-supported topography SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIO-GRANDE RIFT; SMALL-SCALE CONVECTION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOW-ANGLE SUBDUCTION; EVOLUTION; UPLIFT; MAGMATISM; HISTORY; BENEATH; CRUSTAL AB After maintaining elevations near sea level for over 500 million years, the Colorado Plateau (CP) has a present average elevation of 2 km. We compute new receiver function images from the first dense seismic transect to cross the plateau that reveal a central CP crustal thickness of 4250 km thinning to 30-35 km at the CP margins. Isostatic calculations show that only approximately 20% of central CP elevations can be explained by thickened crust alone, with the CP edges requiring nearly total mantle compensation. We calculate an uplift budget showing that CP buoyancy arises from a combination of crustal thickening, heating and alteration of the lithospheric root, dynamic support from mantle upwelling, and significant buoyant edge effects produced by small-scale convecting asthenosphere at its margins. Citation: Wilson, D. C., R. Aster, S. Grand, J. Ni, and W. S. Baldridge (2010), High-resolution receiver function imaging reveals Colorado Plateau lithospheric architecture and mantle-supported topography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20313, doi:10.1029/2010GL044799. C1 [Wilson, David C.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Aster, Richard] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Grand, Stephen] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ni, James] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Baldridge, W. Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM dwilson@usgs.gov RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011; Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 9706094, 9707188, 9707190, 0207812, EAR-000430]; Los Alamos National Laboratory Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants EAR 9706094, 9707188, 9707190, and 0207812, and by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. Instruments and critical field and data assistance were provided by the PASSCAL facility of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) through the PASSCAL Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech. RISTRA data are openly available from the IRIS Data Management System under experiment codes XM 99-01 and XK 04-06. IRIS facilities are supported by Cooperative Agreement NSF EAR-000430 and the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20313 DI 10.1029/2010GL044799 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 674LV UT WOS:000283747000004 ER PT J AU Wright, SA Topping, DJ Rubin, DM Melis, TS AF Wright, Scott A. Topping, David J. Rubin, David M. Melis, Theodore S. TI An approach for modeling sediment budgets in supply-limited rivers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLEN CANYON DAM; COLORADO RIVER; GRAIN-SIZE; GRAND-CANYON; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; FLOW REGULATION; SAND TRANSPORT; BED; EVOLUTION; DOWNSTREAM AB Reliable predictions of sediment transport and river morphology in response to variations in natural and human-induced drivers are necessary for river engineering and management. Because engineering and management applications may span a wide range of space and time scales, a broad spectrum of modeling approaches has been developed, ranging from suspended-sediment "rating curves" to complex three-dimensional morphodynamic models. Suspended sediment rating curves are an attractive approach for evaluating changes in multi-year sediment budgets resulting from changes in flow regimes because they are simple to implement, computationally efficient, and the empirical parameters can be estimated from quantities that are commonly measured in the field (i.e., suspended sediment concentration and water discharge). However, the standard rating curve approach assumes a unique suspended sediment concentration for a given water discharge. This assumption is not valid in rivers where sediment supply varies enough to cause changes in particle size or changes in areal coverage of sediment on the bed; both of these changes cause variations in suspended sediment concentration for a given water discharge. More complex numerical models of hydraulics and morphodynamics have been developed to address such physical changes of the bed. This additional complexity comes at a cost in terms of computations as well as the type and amount of data required for model setup, calibration, and testing. Moreover, application of the resulting sediment-transport models may require observations of bed-sediment boundary conditions that require extensive (and expensive) observations or, alternatively, require the use of an additional model (subject to its own errors) merely to predict the bed-sediment boundary conditions for use by the transport model. In this paper we present a hybrid approach that combines aspects of the rating curve method and the more complex morphodynamic models. Our primary objective was to develop an approach complex enough to capture the processes related to sediment supply limitation but simple enough to allow for rapid calculations of multi-year sediment budgets. The approach relies on empirical relations between suspended sediment concentration and discharge but on a particle size specific basis and also tracks and incorporates the particle size distribution of the bed sediment. We have applied this approach to the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam (GCD), a reach that is particularly suited to such an approach because it is substantially sediment supply limited such that transport rates are strongly dependent on both water discharge and sediment supply. The results confirm the ability of the approach to simulate the effects of supply limitation, including periods of accumulation and bed fining as well as erosion and bed coarsening, using a very simple formulation. Although more empirical in nature than standard one-dimensional morphodynamic models, this alternative approach is attractive because its simplicity allows for rapid evaluation of multi-year sediment budgets under a range of flow regimes and sediment supply conditions, and also because it requires substantially less data for model setup and use. C1 [Wright, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Rubin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Topping, David J.; Melis, Theodore S.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM sawright@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W10538 DI 10.1029/2009WR008600 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 674US UT WOS:000283776200001 ER PT J AU Holzer, TL Jayko, AS Hauksson, E Fletcher, JPB Noce, TE Bennett, MJ Dietel, CM Hudnut, KW AF Holzer, Thomas L. Jayko, Angela S. Hauksson, Egill Fletcher, Jon P. B. Noce, Thomas E. Bennett, Michael J. Dietel, Christopher M. Hudnut, Kenneth W. TI Liquefaction caused by the 2009 Olancha, California (USA), M5.2 earthquake SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Liquefaction; Earthquake; Simplified procedure; Paleoliquefaction ID DETERMINISTIC ASSESSMENT; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS AB The October 3, 2009 (01:16:00 UTC), Olancha M5.2 earthquake caused extensive liquefaction as well as permanent horizontal ground deformation within a 1.2 km(2) area earthquake in Owens Valley in eastern California (USA). Such liquefaction is rarely observed during earthquakes of M <= 5.2. We conclude that subsurface conditions, not unusual ground motion, were the primary factors contributing to the liquefaction. The liquefaction occurred in very liquefiable sands at shallow depth (<2 m) in an area where the water table was near the land surface. Our investigation is relevant to both geotechnical engineering and geology. The standard engineering method for assessing liquefaction potential, the Seed-ldriss simplified procedure, successfully predicted the liquefaction despite the small earthquake magnitude. The field observations of liquefaction effects highlight a need for caution by earthquake geologists when inferring prehistoric earthquake magnitudes from paleoliquefaction features because small magnitude events may cause such features. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holzer, Thomas L.; Fletcher, Jon P. B.; Noce, Thomas E.; Bennett, Michael J.; Dietel, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jayko, Angela S.] US Geol Survey, UC White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Hauksson, Egill] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci MC 252 21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey MS977, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tholzer@usgs.gov RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 184 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.07.009 PG 5 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 679UD UT WOS:000284185400018 ER PT J AU Stets, EG Striegl, RG Aiken, GR AF Stets, Edward G. Striegl, Robert G. Aiken, George R. TI Dissolved organic carbon export and internal cycling in small, headwater lakes SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; INORGANIC CARBON; MATTER; BIODEGRADABILITY; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; RESERVOIRS; MINNESOTA; CATCHMENT; BURIAL AB Carbon (C) cycling in freshwater lakes is intense but poorly integrated into our current understanding of overall C transport from the land to the oceans. We quantified dissolved organic carbon export (DOC(X)) and compared it with modeled gross DOC mineralization (DOC(R)) to determine whether hydrologic or within-lake processes dominated DOC cycling in a small headwaters watershed in Minnesota, USA. We also used DOC optical properties to gather information about DOC sources. We then compared our results to a data set of approximately 1500 lakes in the Eastern USA (Eastern Lake Survey, ELS, data set) to place our results in context of lakes more broadly. In the open-basin lakes in our watershed (n = 5), DOC(X) ranged from 60 to 183 g C m(-2) lake area yr(-1), whereas DOC(R) ranged from 15 to 21 g C m(-2) lake area yr(-1), emphasizing that lateral DOC fluxes dominated. DOC(X) calculated in our study watershed clustered near the 75th percentile of open-basin lakes in the ELS data set, suggesting that these results were not unusual. In contrast, DOC(X) in closed-basin lakes (n = 2) was approximately 5 g C m(-2) lake area yr(-1), whereas DOC(R) was 37 to 42 g C m(-2) lake area yr(-1), suggesting that internal C cycling dominated. In the ELS data set, median DOC(X) was 32 and 12 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in open-basin and closed-basin lakes, respectively. Although not as high as what was observed in our study watershed, DOC(X) is an important component of lake C flux more generally, particularly in open-basin lakes. C1 [Stets, Edward G.; Striegl, Robert G.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Stets, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM estets@usgs.gov OI Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB4008 DI 10.1029/2010GB003815 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674MD UT WOS:000283748100001 ER PT J AU Gangopadhyay, S McCabe, GJ AF Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu McCabe, Gregory J. TI Predicting regime shifts in flow of the Colorado River SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; RISK AB The effects of continued global warming on water resources are a concern for water managers and stake holders. In the western United States, where the combined climatic demand and consumptive use of water is equal to or greater than the natural supply of water for some locations, there is growing concern regarding the sustainability of future water supplies. In addition to the adverse effects of warming on water supply, another issue for water managers is accounting for, and managing, the effects of natural climatic variability, particularly persistently dry and wet periods. Analyses of paleo-reconstructions of Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) flow demonstrate that severe sustained droughts, and persistent pluvial periods, are a recurring characteristic of hydroclimate in the Colorado River basin. Shifts between persistently dry and wet regimes (e.g., decadal to multi-decadal variability (D2M)) have important implications for water supply and water management. In this study paleo-reconstructions of UCRB flow are used to compute the risks of shifts between persistently wet and dry regimes given the length of time in a specific regime. Results indicate that low frequency variability of hydro-climatic conditions and the statistics that describe this low frequency variability can be useful to water managers by providing information about the risk of shifting from one hydrologic regime to another. To manage water resources in the future water managers will have to understand the joint hydrologic effects of natural climate variability and global warming. These joint effects may produce future hydrologic conditions that are unprecedented in both the instrumental and paleoclimatic records. Citation: Gangopadhyay, S., and G. J. McCabe (2010), Predicting regime shifts in flow of the Colorado River, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20706, doi:10.1029/2010GL044513. C1 [Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gangopadhyay, S (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 67,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20706 DI 10.1029/2010GL044513 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 674LT UT WOS:000283746700002 ER PT J AU Babcock, RC Shears, NT Alcala, AC Barrett, NS Edgar, GJ Lafferty, KD McClanahan, TR Russ, GR AF Babcock, R. C. Shears, N. T. Alcala, A. C. Barrett, N. S. Edgar, G. J. Lafferty, K. D. McClanahan, T. R. Russ, G. R. TI Decadal trends in marine reserves reveal differential rates of change in direct and indirect effects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fishing effects; interactions; time lags; trophic cascade; marine protected area ID LOBSTERS JASUS-EDWARDSII; SPINY LOBSTERS; NEW-ZEALAND; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TROPHIC CASCADES; PROTECTED AREAS; PREDATORY FISH; SEA-URCHIN; REEF; ECOSYSTEMS AB Decadal-scale observations of marine reserves suggest that indirect effects on taxa that occur through cascading trophic interactions take longer to develop than direct effects on target species. Combining and analyzing a unique set of long-term time series of ecologic data in and out of fisheries closures from disparate regions, we found that the time to initial detection of direct effects on target species (+/-SE) was 5.13 +/- 1.9 years, whereas initial detection of indirect effects on other taxa, which were often trait mediated, took significantly longer (13.1 +/- 2.0 years). Most target species showed initial direct effects, but their trajectories over time were highly variable. Many target species continued to increase, some leveled off, and others decreased. Decreases were due to natural fluctuations, fishing impacts from outside reserves, or indirect effects from target species at higher trophic levels. The average duration of stable periods for direct effects was 6.2 +/- 1.2 years, even in studies of more than 15 years. For indirect effects, stable periods averaged 9.1 +/- 1.6 years, although this was not significantly different from direct effects. Populations of directly targeted species were more stable in reserves than in fished areas, suggesting increased ecologic resilience. This is an important benefit of marine reserves with respect to their function as a tool for conservation and restoration. C1 [Russ, G. R.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Russ, G. R.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Lafferty, K. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McClanahan, T. R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Babcock, R. C.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. [Barrett, N. S.; Edgar, G. J.] Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Alcala, A. C.] Silliman Univ, Angelo King Ctr Res & Environm Management, Dumaguete 6200, Philippines. RP Russ, GR (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM russ.babcock@csiro.au RI Babcock, Russell/A-3794-2012; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Edgar, Graham/C-8341-2013; Barrett, Neville/J-7593-2014 OI McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584; Babcock, Russell/0000-0002-7756-1290; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Edgar, Graham/0000-0003-0833-9001; Barrett, Neville/0000-0002-6167-1356 NR 40 TC 199 Z9 203 U1 14 U2 132 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 43 BP 18256 EP 18261 DI 10.1073/pnas.0908012107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673QG UT WOS:000283677400010 PM 20176941 ER PT J AU Huang, YN Whittaker, AS Luco, N AF Huang, Yin-Nan Whittaker, Andrew S. Luco, Nicolas TI Seismic performance assessment of base-isolated safety-related nuclear structures SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE nuclear power plant; base isolation; risk assessment; fragility curve; ground motion scaling; secondary system ID SECONDARY SYSTEMS; POWER-PLANTS; BEHAVIOR AB Seismic or base isolation is a proven technology for reducing the effects of earthquake shaking on buildings, bridges and infrastructure. The benefit of base isolation has been presented in terms of reduced accelerations and drifts on superstructure components but never quantified in terms of either a percentage reduction in seismic loss (or percentage increase in safety) or the probability of an unacceptable performance. Herein, we quantify the benefits of base isolation in terms of increased safety (or smaller loss) by comparing the safety of a sample conventional and base-isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) located in the Eastern U.S. Scenario- and time-based assessments are performed using a new methodology. Three base isolation systems are considered, namely, (1) Friction Pendulum (TM) bearings, (2) lead rubber bearings and (3) low-damping rubber bearings together with linear viscous dampers. Unacceptable performance is defined by the failure of key secondary systems because these systems represent much of the investment in a new build power plant and ensure the safe operation of the plant. For the scenario-based assessments, the probability of unacceptable performance is computed for an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.3 at a distance 7.5 km from the plant. For the time-based assessments, the annual frequency of unacceptable performance is computed considering all potential earthquakes that may occur. For both assessments, the implementation of base isolation reduces the probability of unacceptable performance by approximately four orders of magnitude for the same NPP superstructure and secondary systems. The increase in NPP construction cost associated with the installation of seismic isolators can be offset by substantially reducing the required seismic strength of secondary components and systems and potentially eliminating the need to seismically qualify many secondary components and systems. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Huang, Yin-Nan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Whittaker, Andrew S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Huang, YN (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, N1-01C-76,50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM ynhuang@ntu.edu.sg RI Huang, Yin-Nan/H-9914-2012 FU MCEER through National Science Foundation [EEC-9701471]; State of New York FX The research presented in this paper was supported in part by MCEER (www.mceer.buffalo.edu) through grants from the Earthquake Engineering Centers Program of the National Science Foundation, Award Number EEC-9701471, and the State of New York. The opinions expressed in the paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the sponsors or the Research Foundation of the State University of New York. No guarantee regarding the results, findings and recommendations is offered by MCEER, the National Science Foundation or the State of New York. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0098-8847 EI 1096-9845 J9 EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD OCT 25 PY 2010 VL 39 IS 13 SI SI BP 1421 EP 1442 DI 10.1002/eqe.1038 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 673YK UT WOS:000283699900002 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Pearce, JM Ely, CR Guy, LMS Irons, DB Derksen, DV Ip, HS AF Ramey, Andrew M. Pearce, John M. Ely, Craig R. Guy, Lisa M. Sheffield Irons, David B. Derksen, Dirk V. Ip, Hon S. TI Transmission and reassortment of avian influenza viruses at the Asian-North American interface SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; Genotype; Island; Migratory bird; Reassortment; Transmission ID A VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPE; WILD BIRDS; ANAS-ACUTA; GENES; GULLS; SHOREBIRDS; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; ECOLOGY AB Twenty avian influenza viruses were isolated from seven wild migratory bird species sampled at St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. We tested predictions based on previous phylogenetic analyses of avian influenza viruses that support spatially dependent trans-hemispheric gene flow and frequent interspecies transmission at a location situated at the Asian-North American interface. Through the application of phylogenetic and genotypic approaches, our data support functional dilution by distance of trans-hemispheric reassortants and interspecific virus transmission. Our study confirms infection of divergent avian taxa with nearly identical avian influenza strains in the wild. Findings also suggest that H16N3 viruses may contain gene segments with unique phylogenetic positions and that further investigation of how host specificity may impact transmission of H13 and H16 viruses is warranted. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.; Pearce, John M.; Ely, Craig R.; Derksen, Dirk V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Guy, Lisa M. Sheffield; Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU U.S. Geological Survey; USGS; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USFWS FX We are grateful to T. DeGange (U.S. Geological Survey; USGS), S. Haseltine (USGS), L. Allen (USGS), R. Kearney (USGS), P. Bright (USGS), D. Rocque (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USFWS), and K. Trust (USFWS) for financial and administrative support. We thank past and current members of the Diagnostic Virology Laboratory at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center, including T. Egstad, K. Griffin, M. Houfe, and R. Long. We acknowledge Y. Gillies (USGS), J. Wiley (USGS), M. St. Peters (USFWS), D. Goldberg (USGS), and R. Zane (USGS) for coordinating the distribution of sampling materials, receipt of samples, and data verification. We thank J. Terenzi (USGS) for assisting with the creation of Fig. 1. We appreciate the cooperation of the people of St. Lawrence Island, who willingly participated in this study despite uncertainty of the risk of HPAI H5N1 introduction. J. C. Franson (USGS) S. Sonsthagen (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 25 PY 2010 VL 406 IS 2 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.031 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 652TX UT WOS:000282034000021 PM 20709346 ER PT J AU Salvato, MH Salvato, HL AF Salvato, Mark H. Salvato, Holly L. TI NOTES ON THE STATUS AND ECOLOGY OF STRYMON ACIS BARTRAMI (LYCAENIDAE) IN EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; phenology; conservation; hurricanes ID ANAEA-TROGLODYTA-FLORIDALIS; FIRE; LEPIDOPTERA; HABITAT; PRAIRIE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; KEYS AB A 10-year survey was conducted within the pine rocklands of Everglades National Park to study the status, phenology and natural history of Strymon acts bartrami (W. Huntington and Comstock). The response of populations of this species to prescribed fires and hurricane activity within the Everglades was also noted. Strymon a. bartrami (n = 77 adults) was encountered throughout the survey, most often in the spring, but was generally uncommon. The species was slow to re-colonize recently burned pine rocklands. However, prescribed fires conducted in a cyclic pattern as well as near appropriate hostplant-bearing refugia may have aided S. a. bartrami in post-burn re-establishment. In addition, the species appeared to recover quickly after hurricane events in the Everglades. C1 [Salvato, Mark H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Salvato, MH (reprint author), 1765 17th Ave SW, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. EM anaea_99@yahoo.com; anaea_99@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD OCT 22 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 154 EP 160 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 674OU UT WOS:000283757700004 ER PT J AU Paige, DA Siegler, MA Zhang, JA Hayne, PO Foote, EJ Bennett, KA Vasavada, AR Greenhagen, BT Schofield, JT McCleese, DJ Foote, MC DeJong, E Bills, BG Hartford, W Murray, BC Allen, CC Snook, K Soderblom, LA Calcutt, S Taylor, FW Bowles, NE Bandfield, JL Elphic, R Ghent, R Glotch, TD Wyatt, MB Lucey, PG AF Paige, David A. Siegler, Matthew A. Zhang, Jo Ann Hayne, Paul O. Foote, Emily J. Bennett, Kristen A. Vasavada, Ashwin R. Greenhagen, Benjamin T. Schofield, John T. McCleese, Daniel J. Foote, Marc C. DeJong, Eric Bills, Bruce G. Hartford, Wayne Murray, Bruce C. Allen, Carlton C. Snook, Kelly Soderblom, Laurence A. Calcutt, Simon Taylor, Fredric W. Bowles, Neil E. Bandfield, Joshua L. Elphic, Richard Ghent, Rebecca Glotch, Timothy D. Wyatt, Michael B. Lucey, Paul G. TI Diviner Lunar Radiometer Observations of Cold Traps in the Moon's South Polar Region SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER ICE; MERCURY; STABILITY; SURFACE; POLES AB Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment surface-temperature maps reveal the existence of widespread surface and near-surface cryogenic regions that extend beyond the boundaries of persistent shadow. The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) struck one of the coldest of these regions, where subsurface temperatures are estimated to be 38 kelvin. Large areas of the lunar polar regions are currently cold enough to cold-trap water ice as well as a range of both more volatile and less volatile species. The diverse mixture of water and high-volatility compounds detected in the LCROSS ejecta plume is strong evidence for the impact delivery and cold-trapping of volatiles derived from primitive outer solar system bodies. C1 [Paige, David A.; Siegler, Matthew A.; Zhang, Jo Ann; Hayne, Paul O.; Foote, Emily J.; Bennett, Kristen A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Greenhagen, Benjamin T.; Schofield, John T.; McCleese, Daniel J.; Foote, Marc C.; DeJong, Eric; Bills, Bruce G.; Hartford, Wayne] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Murray, Bruce C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 90025 USA. [Allen, Carlton C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Snook, Kelly] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Calcutt, Simon; Taylor, Fredric W.; Bowles, Neil E.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Bandfield, Joshua L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Elphic, Richard] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ghent, Rebecca] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Glotch, Timothy D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wyatt, Michael B.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Lucey, Paul G.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Paige, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 595 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dap@moon.ucla.edu RI Greenhagen, Benjamin/C-3760-2016; OI Calcutt, Simon/0000-0002-0102-3170 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank the many people at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Goddard Space Flight Center who contributed to the success of the Diviner instrument and the LRO project. We also thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for funding this investigation. NR 27 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 22 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6003 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1126/science.1187726 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 669EL UT WOS:000283329100032 PM 20966246 ER PT J AU Fleischer, I Bruckner, J Schroder, C Farrand, W Treguier, E Morris, RV Klingelhofer, G Herkenhoff, K Mittlefehldt, D Ashley, J Golombek, M Johnson, JR Jolliff, B Squyres, SW Weitz, C Gellert, R de Souza, PA Cohen, BA AF Fleischer, I. Brueckner, J. Schroeder, C. Farrand, W. Treguier, E. Morris, R. V. Klingelhoefer, G. Herkenhoff, K. Mittlefehldt, D. Ashley, J. Golombek, M. Johnson, J. R. Jolliff, B. Squyres, S. W. Weitz, C. Gellert, R. de Souza, P. A. Cohen, B. A. TI Mineralogy and chemistry of cobbles at Meridiani Planum, Mars, investigated by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article AB Numerous loose rocks with dimensions of a few centimeters to tens of centimeters and with no obvious physical relationship to outcrop rocks have been observed along the traverse of the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. To date, about a dozen of these rocks have been analyzed with Opportunity's contact instruments, providing information about elemental chemistry (Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer), iron mineralogy and oxidation states (Mossbauer Spectrometer) and texture (Microscopic Imager). These "cobbles" appear to be impact related, and three distinct groups can be identified on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy. The first group comprises bright fragments of the sulfate-rich bedrock that are compositionally and texturally indistinguishable from outcrop rocks. All other cobbles are dark and are divided into two groups, referred to as the "Barberton group" and the "Arkansas group," after the first specimen of each that was encountered by Opportunity. Barberton group cobbles are interpreted as meteorites with an overall chemistry and mineralogy consistent with a mesosiderite silicate clast composition. Arkansas group cobbles appear to be related to Meridiani outcrop and contain an additional basaltic component. They have brecciated textures, pointing to an impact-related origin during which local bedrock and basaltic material were mixed. C1 [Fleischer, I.; Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Ashley, J.] Arizona State Univ, Mars Space Flight Facil, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Brueckner, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Farrand, W.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Treguier, E.] European Space Astron Ctr, Villanueva De La Canada, Spain. [Cohen, B. A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Lunar Quest Program, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Morris, R. V.; Mittlefehldt, D.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Herkenhoff, K.; Johnson, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Golombek, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jolliff, B.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Weitz, C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [de Souza, P. A.] CSIRO, Tasmanian ICT Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Schroeder, C.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Schroeder, C.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, Bayreuth, Germany. RP Fleischer, I (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM fleischi@uni-mainz.de RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Treguier, Erwan/0000-0002-7347-2805 FU German Space Agency (DLR) [50 QM 9902, 50 QM 0005]; University of Mainz FX I.F. and G. K. acknowledge support from the German Space Agency (DLR; contracts 50 QM 9902 (Mossbauer MIMOS II) and 50 QM 0005 (APXS)) and the University of Mainz. We acknowledge the unwavering support of JPL engineering and MER operations staff and the MER Athena Science Team. D. G. Agresti is acknowledged for providing the MERFit program. We thank two external referees for thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00F05 DI 10.1029/2010JE003621 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 671XU UT WOS:000283548400002 ER PT J AU Slater, LD Ntarlagiannis, D Day-Lewis, FD Mwakanyamale, K Versteeg, RJ Ward, A Strickland, C Johnson, CD Lane, JW AF Slater, Lee D. Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Mwakanyamale, Kisa Versteeg, Roelof J. Ward, Andy Strickland, Christopher Johnson, Carole D. Lane, John W., Jr. TI Use of electrical imaging and distributed temperature sensing methods to characterize surface water-groundwater exchange regulating uranium transport at the Hanford 300 Area, Washington SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY AB We explored the use of continuous waterborne electrical imaging (CWEI), in conjunction with fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor (FO-DTS) monitoring, to improve the conceptual model for uranium transport within the Columbia River corridor at the Hanford 300 Area, Washington. We first inverted resistivity and induced polarization CWEI data sets for distributions of electrical resistivity and polarizability, from which the spatial complexity of the primary hydrogeologic units was reconstructed. Variations in the depth to the interface between the overlying coarse-grained, high-permeability Hanford Formation and the underlying finer-grained, less permeable Ringold Formation, an important contact that limits vertical migration of contaminants, were resolved along similar to 3 km of the river corridor centered on the 300 Area. Polarizability images were translated into lithologic images using established relationships between polarizability and surface area normalized to pore volume (S-por). The FO-DTS data recorded along 1.5 km of cable with a 1 m spatial resolution and 5 min sampling interval revealed subreaches showing (1) temperature anomalies (relatively warm in winter and cool in summer) and (2) a strong correlation between temperature and river stage (negative in winter and positive in summer), both indicative of reaches of enhanced surface water-groundwater exchange. The FO-DTS data sets confirm the hydrologic significance of the variability identified in the CWEI and reveal a pattern of highly focused exchange, concentrated at springs where the Hanford Formation is thickest. Our findings illustrate how the combination of CWEI and FO-DTS technologies can characterize surface water-groundwater exchange in a complex, coupled river-aquifer system. C1 [Slater, Lee D.; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios; Mwakanyamale, Kisa] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Johnson, Carole D.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Versteeg, Roelof J.] Idaho Natl Lab, IRC, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Ward, Andy; Strickland, Christopher] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Slater, LD (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM lslater@andromeda.rutgers.edu OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-08ER64565]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, under the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program grant DE-AI02-08ER64565. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Eric White (USGS), Chris Curran (USGS), and Jay Nolan (Rutgers-Newark) for valuable assistance in the collection of field data sets. We thank Rory Henderson (USGS) and Brad Fritz (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) for reviews of our draft manuscript. We are also grateful to Brad Fritz, Bob Peterson, and John Zachara (all at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) for their insights into the hydrogeologic framework of the Hanford 300 Area. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W10533 DI 10.1029/2010WR009110 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 671YY UT WOS:000283551400003 ER PT J AU Wittekindt, NE Padhi, A Schuster, SC Qi, J Zhao, FQ Tomsho, LP Kasson, LR Packard, M Cross, P Poss, M AF Wittekindt, Nicola E. Padhi, Abinash Schuster, Stephan C. Qi, Ji Zhao, Fangqing Tomsho, Lynn P. Kasson, Lindsay R. Packard, Michael Cross, Paul Poss, Mary TI Nodeomics: Pathogen Detection in Vertebrate Lymph Nodes Using Meta-Transcriptomics SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROVENTRICULAR DILATATION DISEASE; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; GARDNERELLA-VAGINALIS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; VIRAL REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; GUT MICROBIOME; RNA; IDENTIFICATION AB The ongoing emergence of human infections originating from wildlife highlights the need for better knowledge of the microbial community in wildlife species where traditional diagnostic approaches are limited. Here we evaluate the microbial biota in healthy mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) by analyses of lymph node meta-transcriptomes. cDNA libraries from five individuals and two pools of samples were prepared from retropharyngeal lymph node RNA enriched for polyadenylated RNA and sequenced using Roche-454 Life Sciences technology. Protein-coding and 16S ribosomal RNA ( rRNA) sequences were taxonomically profiled using protein and rRNA specific databases. Representatives of all bacterial phyla were detected in the seven libraries based on protein-coding transcripts indicating that viable microbiota were present in lymph nodes. Residents of skin and rumen, and those ubiquitous in mule deer habitat dominated classifiable bacterial species. Based on detection of both rRNA and protein-coding transcripts, we identified two new proteobacterial species; a Helicobacter closely related to Helicobacter cetorum in the Helicobacter pylori/Helicobacter acinonychis complex and an Acinetobacter related to Acinetobacter schindleri. Among viruses, a novel gamma retrovirus and other members of the Poxviridae and Retroviridae were identified. We additionally evaluated bacterial diversity by amplicon sequencing the hypervariable V6 region of 16S rRNA and demonstrate that overall taxonomic diversity is higher with the meta-transcriptomic approach. These data provide the most complete picture to date of the microbial diversity within a wildlife host. Our research advances the use of meta-transcriptomics to study microbiota in wildlife tissues, which will facilitate detection of novel organisms with pathogenic potential to human and animals. C1 [Wittekindt, Nicola E.; Schuster, Stephan C.; Qi, Ji; Zhao, Fangqing; Tomsho, Lynn P.; Kasson, Lindsay R.; Packard, Michael] Penn State Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom & Bioinformat, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Padhi, Abinash; Schuster, Stephan C.; Poss, Mary] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cross, Paul] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Poss, Mary] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wittekindt, NE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom & Bioinformat, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mposs@bx.psu.edu RI Wittekindt, Nicola/G-3469-2013; QI, JI/E-2797-2016 OI Wittekindt, Nicola/0000-0002-3310-0919; FU United States Geological Service [06HQAG0141, 06131HS001]; Science & Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security,; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This work was supported by United States Geological Service 06HQAG0141, subcontract 06131HS001. MP was supported, in part, by the RAPIDD program of the Science & Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security, and the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. S. C. S. was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Field data collection was partially funded by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana, and matching Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 18 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 10 AR e13432 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013432 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 665ON UT WOS:000283045300015 PM 20976145 ER PT J AU Andrews, DJ AF Andrews, D. J. TI Ground motion hazard from supershear rupture SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supershear rupture; Ground motion hazard ID IMPERIAL-VALLEY EARTHQUAKE; SHEAR CRACKS; VELOCITY; SPEEDS AB An idealized rupture, propagating smoothly near a terminal rupture velocity, radiates energy that is focused into a beam. For rupture velocity less than the S-wave speed, radiated energy is concentrated in a beam of intense fault-normal velocity near the projection of the rupture trace. Although confined to a narrow range of azimuths, this beam diverges and attenuates. For rupture velocity greater than the S-wave speed, radiated energy is concentrated in Mach waves forming a pair of beams propagating obliquely away from the fault. These beams do not attenuate until diffraction becomes effective at large distance. Events with supershear and sub-Rayleigh rupture velocity are compared in 2D plane-strain calculations with equal stress drop, fracture energy, and rupture length: only static friction is changed to determine the rupture velocity. Peak velocity in the sub-Rayleigh case near the termination of rupture is larger than peak velocity in the Mach wave in the supershear case. The occurrence of supershear rupture propagation reduces the most intense peak ground velocity near the fault, but it increases peak velocity within a beam at greater distances. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Andrews, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 18 PY 2010 VL 493 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.02.003 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 687ZW UT WOS:000284818300002 ER PT J AU Chen, SN Geyer, WR Sherwood, CR Ralston, DK AF Chen, Shih-Nan Geyer, W. Rockwell Sherwood, Christopher R. Ralston, David K. TI Sediment transport and deposition on a river-dominated tidal flat: An idealized model study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; INTERTIDAL FLAT; STRATIFICATION; CURRENTS; MUDFLAT; MORPHODYNAMICS; HYDRODYNAMICS; TURBULENCE; CHANNELS; ESTUARY AB A 3-D hydrodynamic model is used to investigate how different size classes of river-derived sediment are transported, exported and trapped on an idealized, river-dominated tidal flat. The model is composed of a river channel flanked by sloping tidal flats, a configuration motivated by the intertidal region of the Skagit River mouth in Washington State, United States. It is forced by mixed tides and a pulse of freshwater and sediment with various settling velocities. In this system, the river not only influences stratification but also contributes a significant cross-shore transport. As a result, the bottom stress is strongly ebb-dominated in the channel because of the seaward advance of strong river flow as the tidal flats drain during ebbs. Sediment deposition patterns and mass budgets are sensitive to settling velocity. The lateral sediment spreading scales with an advective distance (settling time multiplied by lateral flow speed), thereby confining the fast settling sediment classes in the channel. Residual sediment transport is landward on the flats, because of settling lag, but is strongly seaward in the channel. The seaward transport mainly occurs during big ebbs and is controlled by a length scale ratio L-d/X-WL, where L-d is a cross-shore advective distance (settling time multiplied by river outlet velocity), and X-WL is the immersed cross-shore length of the intertidal zone. Sediment trapping requires L-d/X-WL < 1, leading to more trapping for the faster settling classes. Sensitivity studies show that including stratification and reducing tidal range both favor sediment trapping, whereas varying channel geometries and asymmetry of tides has relatively small impacts. Implications of the modeling results on the south Skagit intertidal region are discussed. C1 [Chen, Shih-Nan; Geyer, W. Rockwell; Ralston, David K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chen, SN (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 10, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM schen@whoi.edu OI CHEN, SHIH-NAN/0000-0002-1593-3044 FU WHOI/USGS; ONR [N00014-08-1-0790] FX SNC is supported by a WHOI/USGS post-doctoral scholarship. We thank the members of a tidal flat reading group, including Peter Traykovski, Britt Raubenheimer, Jim Lerczak, Geoffrey Cowles, Vera Pavel, Rich Signell, and Steve Elgar. Discussion with Chuck Nittrouer and Kristen Lee are very helpful. The field program on the Skagit intertidal region is supported by an ONR grant N00014-08-1-0790. Helpful comments from Tom Hsu, Rich Signell, and two anonymous reviewers are appreciated. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 16 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C10040 DI 10.1029/2010JC006248 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 666DO UT WOS:000283092300005 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD Schilling, KE Cambardella, CA Jacobson, P Drobney, P AF Tomer, M. D. Schilling, K. E. Cambardella, C. A. Jacobson, P. Drobney, P. TI Groundwater nutrient concentrations during prairie reconstruction on an Iowa landscape SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem restoration; Groundwater quality; Nitrate-N; Phosphorus; Land use change; Environmental legacy ID NITRATE-NITROGEN; WALNUT CREEK; WATER; STREAM; SOILS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY AB One anticipated benefit of ecosystem restoration is water quality improvement. This study evaluated NO(3)-N and phosphorus in subsurface waters during prairie establishment following decades of row-crop agriculture. A prairie seeding in late 2003 became established in 2006. Wells and suction cup samplers were monitored for NO(3)-N and phosphorus. Nitrate-N varied with time and landscape position. Non-detectable NO(3)-N concentrations became modal along ephemeral drainageways in 2006, when average concentrations in uplands first became <10 mg NO(3)-N L(-1). This decline continued and upland groundwater averaged near 2 mg NO(3)-N L(-1) after 2007. The longer time lag in NO(3)-N response in uplands was attributed to greater quantities of leachable N in upland subsoils. Spatial differences in vadose-zone travel times were less important, considering water table dynamics. Phosphorus showed a contrasting landscape pattern, without any obvious temporal trend. Phosphorus was greatest along and near ephemeral drainageways. Sediment accumulation from upland agricultural erosion provided a source of P along drainageways, where shallow, reductive groundwater increased P solubility. Phosphorus exceeded eutrophication risk thresholds in these lower areas, where saturation-excess runoff could readily transport P to surface waters. Legacy impacts of past agricultural erosion and sedimentation may include soluble phosphorus in shallow groundwater, at sites prone to saturation-excess runoff. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tomer, M. D.; Cambardella, C. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schilling, K. E.] Iowa Geol Survey Bur, Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Iowa City, IA USA. [Jacobson, P.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Biol, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Drobney, P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Prairie City, IA USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark.tomer@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.003 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 673SQ UT WOS:000283683700025 ER PT J AU Hultine, KR Nagler, PL Morino, K Bush, SE Burtch, KG Dennison, PE Glenn, EP Ehleringer, JR AF Hultine, K. R. Nagler, P. L. Morino, K. Bush, S. E. Burtch, K. G. Dennison, P. E. Glenn, E. P. Ehleringer, J. R. TI Sap flux-scaled transpiration by tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tamarisk; Saltcedar leaf beetle; Sap flux; Stand transpiration; Evapotranspiration; Ecohydrology ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION RESPONSE; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; REMOTE-SENSING METHODS; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; EDDY COVARIANCE; WATER SALVAGE; SURFACE-WATER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; FLOW; RESTORATION AB The release of the saltcedar beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) has resulted in the periodic defoliation of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) along more than 1000 river km in the upper Colorado River Basin and is expected to spread along many other river reaches throughout the upper basin, and possibly into the lower Colorado River Basin. Identifying the impacts of these release programs on tamarisk water use and subsequent water cycling in arid riparian systems are largely unknown, due in part to the difficulty of measuring water fluxes in these systems. We used lab-calibrated, modified heat-dissipation sap flux sensors to monitor tamarisk water use (n= 20 trees) before, during and after defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons (May-October) in southeastern Utah. We incorporated a simple model that related mean stem sap flux density (J(s)) with atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (vpd) before the onset of defoliation in 2008. The model was used to calculate differences between predicted J(s) anc J(s) measured throughout the two growing seasons. Episodic defoliation resulted in a 16% reduction in mean annual rates of J(s) in both 2008 and 2009, with decreases occurring only during the periods in which the trees were defoliated (about 6-8 weeks per growing season). In other words, rates of J(s) rebounded to values predicted by the model when the trees produced new leaves after defoliation. Sap flux data were scaled to stand water use by constructing a tamarisk-specific allometric equation to relate conducting sapwood area to stem diameter, and by measuring the size distribution of stems within the stand. Total water use in both years was 0.224 m, representing a reduction of about 0.04 m yr(-1). Results showed that repeated defoliation/refoliation cycles did not result in a progressive decrease in either leaf production or water use over the duration of the study. This investigation improves ground-based estimates of tamarisk water use, and will support future efforts to characterize impacts of the beetle on basin-wide hydrologic processes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hultine, K. R.; Bush, S. E.; Burtch, K. G.; Ehleringer, J. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Nagler, P. L.] Sonoran Desert Res Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Morino, K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dennison, P. E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Glenn, E. P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Hultine, KR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Hultine@biology.utah.edu OI Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 FU Bureau of Reclamation; USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) FX The authors acknowledge support for this research from the Bureau of Reclamation and the USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). The authors thank R. Jasoni and S. Nelson for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. The authors thank B. Dyer, J. Erker, K. Hall, J. Howa, T. Jackson, A. Macharia, K.B. Milne, K.M. Milne, and S. Schooley for field and technical assistance. All uses of trade names in this publication are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 150 IS 11 BP 1467 EP 1475 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.07.009 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665GH UT WOS:000283022900008 ER PT J AU Euliss, NH Smith, LM Liu, SG Feng, M Mushet, DM Auch, RF Loveland, TR AF Euliss, Ned H., Jr. Smith, Loren M. Liu, Shuguang Feng, Min Mushet, David M. Auch, Roger F. Loveland, Thomas R. TI The Need for Simultaneous Evaluation of Ecosystem Services and Land Use Change SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. [Smith, Loren M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Liu, Shuguang; Auch, Roger F.; Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Feng, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Feng, Min] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. EM ceuliss@usgs.gov OI Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044 NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 20 BP 7761 EP 7763 DI 10.1021/es102761c PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661KP UT WOS:000282727500007 PM 20809588 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, KJ Haynes, DA Schnoor, JL AF Hutchinson, Kasey J. Haynes, David A. Schnoor, Jerald L. TI Human-Impacted Water Resources: Domain Stratification and Mapping To Determine Hydrologically Similar Units SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DELINEATION; ECOREGIONS; STATES AB Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multivariate statistical analyses were used to partition the United States into Human Influenced Water Environmental Classes (HIWECs) for the purpose of determining hydrologically similar units within the conterminous United States. Such a framework could be used to investigate various categories of watersheds throughout the country or to establish observatory sites in variant hydrologies. These HIWECs represent areas that are relatively homogeneous with respect to the human influence variables of land cover, population density, and water use; the climate variables of temperature and precipitation; and the physical variables of slope, bedrock permeability, and soil permeability. These variables combine to characterize hydrologic condition and collectively represent the major hydrologic variability that exists across the U.S. GIS was first used to break each of the variables into low to high ranges. Multivariate statistics were then used to identify and cluster areas that share similar characteristics in multivariate data space. HIWECS can serve as a framework for development of water research and management; observatory sites can be selected to capture variant hydrologies that incorporate the human influence element with the criteria that each type of human-influenced hydrologic condition, or class, be represented. C1 [Hutchinson, Kasey J.; Schnoor, Jerald L.] Univ Iowa, Seamans Ctr 4105, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Haynes, David A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Hutchinson, KJ (reprint author), USGS Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM khutchin@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation WATERS Network Project Office,; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Illinois Urbana-Champagne (UIUC) National Center for Supercomputer Applications (NCSA) FX The authors thank the National Science Foundation WATERS Network Project Office, through subcontracts with the University of Illinois Urbana-Champagne (UIUC) National Center for Supercomputer Applications (NCSA), and the University of California Santa Barbara for funding for this project. We also thank Jeremie Moen and Marc Linderman for providing necessary resources and assistance and Danny Reible, David Wolock, Tom Winter, and David Maidment for helpful discussions. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 20 BP 7890 EP 7896 DI 10.1021/es101582c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661KP UT WOS:000282727500028 PM 20873732 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Borchardt, MA Richards, KD Spencer, SK AF Hunt, Randall J. Borchardt, Mark A. Richards, Kevin D. Spencer, Susan K. TI Assessment of Sewer Source Contamination of Drinking Water Wells Using Tracers and Human Enteric Viruses SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; WISCONSIN; SURFACE; ENTEROVIRUSES; VULNERABILITY; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; SYSTEM; PCR AB This study investigated the source, transport, and occurrence of human enteric viruses in municipal well water, focusing on sanitary sewer sources. A total of 33 wells from 14 communities were sampled once for wastewater tracers and viruses. Wastewater tracers were detected in four of these wells, and five wells were virus- positive by qRT-PCR. These results, along with exclusion of wells with surface water sources, were used to select three wells for additional investigation. Viruses and wastewater tracers were found in the groundwater at all sites. Some wastewater tracers, such as ionic detergents, flame retardants, and cholesterol, were considered unambiguous evidence of wastewater. Sampling at any given time may not show concurrent virus and tracer presence; however, given sufficient sampling over time, a relation between wastewater tracers and virus occurrence was identified. Presence of infectious viruses at the wellhead demonstrates that high-capacity pumping induced sufficiently short travel times for the transport of infectious viruses. Therefore, drinking-water wells are vulnerable to contaminants that travel along fast groundwater flowpaths even if they contribute a small amount of virus-laden water to the well. These results suggest that vulnerability assessments require characterization of "low yield-fast transport" in addition to traditional "high yield-slow transport", pathways. C1 [Hunt, Randall J.; Richards, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Borchardt, Mark A.; Spencer, Susan K.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov FU U.S. EPA [R831630] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources administered through the State of Wisconsin Joint Solicitation process, the USGS Cooperative Studies Program, and the Wisconsin WAHTER Study (Water and Health Trial for Enteric Risks) funded by U.S. EPA STAR grant R831630. We thank the 14 study communities for providing access to their wells for sample collection, and especially acknowledge the three study communities that were selected for the intensive instrumentation; this work could not have been conducted without their assistance. Phillip Bertz (Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation) and Matthew Volenec (Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation) performed the virus analyses and are thanked for their timely and skillful laboratory work; Jason Smith and Brent Olson (USGS) are thanked for sample collection and field analyses. Philip Berger (USEPA), Madeline Gotkowitz (Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey), and Steven Corsi (USGS) are thanked for their review of the manuscript. The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this article is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 20 BP 7956 EP 7963 DI 10.1021/es100698m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661KP UT WOS:000282727500038 PM 20822128 ER PT J AU Rentch, JS Schuler, TM Nowacki, GJ Beane, NR Ford, WM AF Rentch, James S. Schuler, Thomas M. Nowacki, Gregory J. Beane, Nathan R. Ford, W. Mark TI Canopy gap dynamics of second-growth red spruce-northern hardwood stands in West Virginia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest restoration; Stand dynamics; Disturbance regime; Canopy turnover rate; Allegheny Mountains ID CHEAT MOUNTAIN SALAMANDER; PICEA-RUBENS FORESTS; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; FIR FORESTS; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; PLETHODON-NETTINGI; BOREAL FOREST; USA; RESTORATION; REGIMES AB Forest restoration requires an understanding of the natural disturbance regime of the target community and estimates of the historic range of variability of ecosystem components (composition, structure, and disturbance processes). Management prescriptions that support specific restoration activities should be consistent with these parameters. In this study, we describe gap-phase dynamics of even-aged, second-growth red spruce-northern hardwood stands in West Virginia that have been significantly degraded following early Twentieth Century harvesting and wildfire. In the current stage of stand development, gaps tended to be small, with mean canopy gap and extended canopy gap sizes of 53.4 m(2) and 199.3 m(2), respectively, and a canopy turnover rate of 1.4% year(-1). The majority of gaps resulted from the death of one or two trees. American beech snags were the most frequent gap maker, partially due to the elevated presence of beech-bark disease in the study area. Gaps ranged in age from 1 to 28 years, had a mean of 13 years, and were unimodal in distribution. We projected red spruce to be the eventual gap filler in approximately 40% of the gaps. However, we estimated that most average-sized gaps will close within 15-20 years before red spruce canopy ascension is projected (30-60 years). Accordingly, many understory red spruce will require more than one overhead release - an observation verified by the tree-ring record and consistent with red spruce life history characteristics. Based on our observations, silvicultural prescriptions that include overhead release treatments such as thinning from above or small gap creation through selection harvesting could be an appropriate activity to foster red spruce restoration in the central Appalachians. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rentch, James S.; Beane, Nathan R.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Schuler, Thomas M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Nowacki, Gregory J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Rentch, JS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jrentch2@wvu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station [05-CA-11242343-087]; Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University FX Partial funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, cooperative agreement 05-CA-11242343-087, and the Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University. Corey Bonnaso assisted in field work. Sam Vincent mounted and measured tree-ring series. This is scientific article No. 3078 of the West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station. NR 82 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 10 BP 1921 EP 1929 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.043 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 673UQ UT WOS:000283689500031 ER PT J AU Zohar, I Shaviv, A Young, M Kendall, C Silva, S Paytan, A AF Zohar, Iris Shaviv, Avi Young, Megan Kendall, Carol Silva, Steve Paytan, Adina TI Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water - A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Phosphate; Soil fractionation; Oxygen isotopes; Reclaimed waste water ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; O-18 LABELED PHOSPHATE; BIOGENIC APATITES; ACIDS; FRACTIONATIONS; MINERALIZATION; PRECIPITATION; REGENERATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS AB Transformations of phosphate (Pi) in different soil fractions were tracked using the stable isotopic composition of oxygen in phosphate (delta O-18(p)) and Pi concentrations. Clay soil from Israel was treated with either reclaimed waste water (secondary, low grade) or with fresh water amended with a chemical fertilizer of a known isotopic signature. Changes of delta O-18(p) and Pi within different soil fractions, during a month of incubation, elucidate biogeochemical processes in the soil, revealing the biological and the chemical transformation impacting the various P pools. Pin the soil solution is affected primarily by enzymatic activity that yields isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. The dissolved P interacts rapidly with the loosely bound P (extracted by bicarbonate). The oxides and mineral P fractions (extracted by NaOH and HCl, respectively), which are considered as relatively stable pools of P. also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to the activity of microbial populations associated with soil surfaces. Specifically, isotopic depletion which could result from organic P mineralization was followed by isotopic enrichment which could result from preferential biological uptake of depleted P from the mineralized pool. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with reclaimed waste water compared to the fertilizer treated soil. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zohar, Iris; Shaviv, Avi] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Environm Water & Agr Engn, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Young, Megan; Kendall, Carol; Silva, Steve] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zohar, I (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Environm Water & Agr Engn, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM irisz2910@gmail.com FU Graduate Student Fellowship Award [GS-9-2007]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [IS 3963-07] FX This research was supported by a Graduate Student Fellowship Award No. GS-9-2007 to IZ and by The United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD fund No. IS 3963-07) to AS and AP. We would like to thank Mark Rollog from the stable isotope laboratory at the USGS Menlo Park CA for assistance with isotope analysis, the Paytan Biogeochemistry lab at UCSC (particularly Tatania Klass and Katie Roberts) and Rob Franks from the IMS at UCSC for assistance with laboratory work. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 159 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.07.002 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 663ZR UT WOS:000282929200011 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Thatcher, W AF Pollitz, Fred F. Thatcher, Wayne TI On the resolution of shallow mantle viscosity structure using postearthquake relaxation data: Application to the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GEODETIC TIME-SERIES; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; RESOLVING POWER; TRANSIENT CREEP; MOJAVE-DESERT; LOWER CRUST; GPS AB Most models of lower crust/mantle viscosity inferred from postearthquake relaxation assume one or two uniform-viscosity layers. A few existing models possess apparently significant radially variable viscosity structure in the shallow mantle (e.g., the upper 200 km), but the resolution of such variations is not clear. We use a geophysical inverse procedure to address the resolving power of inferred shallow mantle viscosity structure using postearthquake relaxation data. We apply this methodology to 9 years of GPS-constrained crustal motions after the 16 October 1999 M = 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake. After application of a differencing method to isolate the postearthquake signal from the "background" crustal velocity field, we find that surface velocities diminish from similar to 20 mm/yr in the first few months to. 2 mm/yr after 2 years. Viscoelastic relaxation of the mantle, with a time-dependent effective viscosity prescribed by a Burgers body, provides a good explanation for the postseismic crustal deformation, capturing both the spatial and temporal pattern. In the context of the Burgers body model (which involves a transient viscosity and steady state viscosity), a resolution analysis based on the singular value decomposition reveals that at most, two constraints on depth-dependent steady state mantle viscosity are provided by the present data set. Uppermost mantle viscosity (depth. 60 km) is moderately resolved, but deeper viscosity structure is poorly resolved. The simplest model that explains the data better than that of uniform steady state mantle viscosity involves a linear gradient in logarithmic viscosity with depth, with a small increase from the Moho to 220 km depth. However, the viscosity increase is not statistically significant. This suggests that the depth-dependent steady state viscosity is not resolvably different from uniformity in the uppermost mantle. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.; Thatcher, Wayne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B10412 DI 10.1029/2010JB007405 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 666EK UT WOS:000283095300003 ER PT J AU Jencso, KG McGlynn, BL Gooseff, MN Bencala, KE Wondzell, SM AF Jencso, Kelsey G. McGlynn, Brian L. Gooseff, Michael N. Bencala, Kenneth E. Wondzell, Steven M. TI Hillslope hydrologic connectivity controls riparian groundwater turnover: Implications of catchment structure for riparian buffering and stream water sources SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TOPOGRAPHIC CONTROLS; HEADWATER CATCHMENT; TEMPERATE FOREST; STORM RUNOFF; ZONES; DYNAMICS; BASIN; CHEMISTRY AB Hydrologic connectivity between catchment upland and near stream areas is essential for the transmission of water, solutes, and nutrients to streams. However, our current understanding of the role of riparian zones in mediating landscape hydrologic connectivity and the catchment scale export of water and solutes is limited. We tested the relationship between the duration of hillslope-riparian-stream (HRS) hydrologic connectivity and the rate and degree of riparian shallow groundwater turnover along four HRS well transects within a set of nested mountain catchments (Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, MT). Transect HRS water table connectivity ranged from 9 to 123 days during the annual snowmelt hydrograph. Hillslope water was always characterized by low specific conductance (similar to 27 mu S cm(-1)). In transects with transient hillslope water tables, riparian groundwater specific conductance was elevated during base flow conditions (similar to 127 mu S cm(-1)) but shifted toward hillslope signatures once a HRS groundwater connection was established. The degree of riparian groundwater turnover was proportional to the duration of HRS connectivity and inversely related to the riparian: hillslope area ratios (buffer ratio; r(2) = 0.95). We applied this relationship to the stream network in seven subcatchments within the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest and compared their turnover distributions to source water contributions measured at each catchment outlet. The amount of riparian groundwater exiting each of the seven catchments was linearly related (r(2) = 0.92) to their median riparian turnover time. Our observations suggest that the size and spatial arrangement of hillslope and riparian zones along a stream network and the timing and duration of groundwater connectivity between them is a first-order control on the magnitude and timing of water and solutes observed at the catchment outlet. C1 [Jencso, Kelsey G.; McGlynn, Brian L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bencala, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Civil Environm Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wondzell, Steven M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Jencso, KG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM kelseyjencso@gmail.com RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Jencso, Kelsey/G-3443-2011; McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU NSF [EAR-0337650, EAR-0337781]; INRA FX This work was made possible by NSF grant EAR-0337650 to McGlynn, EAR-0337781 to Gooseff, and an INRA fellowship awarded to Jencso. The authors appreciate extensive logistic collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, especially, Ward McCaughey, Scientist-in-Charge of the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest. We thank Jan Siebert, Thomas Grabs, and Robert Payn for technical and collaborative support and Galena Ackerman and John Mallard for performing laboratory analyses. We are grateful to Jennifer Jencso, Vince Pacific, Diego Riveros-Iregui, and especially Austin Allen for invaluable assistance in the field. NR 71 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 61 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W10524 DI 10.1029/2009WR008818 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 666FV UT WOS:000283100600002 ER PT J AU Kane, ES Turetsky, MR Harden, JW McGuire, AD Waddington, JM AF Kane, Evan S. Turetsky, Merritt R. Harden, Jennifer W. McGuire, A. David Waddington, James M. TI Seasonal ice and hydrologic controls on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in a boreal-rich fen SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TABLE DRAW-DOWN; WATER-TABLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; INTERIOR ALASKA; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; CANADIAN PEATLANDS AB Boreal wetland carbon cycling is vulnerable to climate change in part because hydrology and the extent of frozen ground have strong influences on plant and microbial functions. We examined the response of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) across an experimental manipulation of water table position (both raised and lowered water table treatments) in a boreal-rich fen in interior Alaska. DOC and TDN responses to water table manipulation exhibited an interaction with seasonal ice dynamics. We observed consistently higher DOC and TDN concentrations in the lowered water table treatment (71.7 +/- 6.5 and 3.0 +/- 0.3 mg(-L)) than in both the control (55.6 +/- 5.1 and 2.3 +/- 0.2 mg(-L)) and raised (49.1 +/- 4.3 and 1.9 +/- 0.1 mg L(-1), respectively) water table treatments. Across all plots, pore water DOC concentrations at 20 cm increased as the depth to water table increased (R(2) = 0.43, p < 0.001). DOC concentrations also increased as the seasonal thaw depth increased, with solutes increasing most rapidly in the drained plot (R(2) = 0.62, p < 0.001). About half of the TDN pool was composed of dissolved organic N (DON). Inorganic N and DON were both highly correlated with changes in DOC, and their respective constraints to mineralization are discussed. These results demonstrate that a declining water table position and dryer conditions affect thaw depth and peat temperatures, and interactions among these ecosystem properties will likely increase DOC and TDN loading and potential for export in these systems. C1 [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Kane, Evan S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Waddington, James M.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Kane, ES (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM eskane@mtu.edu; mrt@uguelph.ca; jharden@usgs.gov; admcguire@alaska.edu; jmw@mcmaster.ca RI Baulch, Helen/I-9529-2012; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 FU NSF [DEB-0423442]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0425328]; Center for Water Sciences (Michigan State University) FX We thank Molly Chivers, Claire Treat, Neville Millar, Amy Churchill, Katie Shea, Nicole McConnell, Cole Smith, Collin Macheel, Jon O'Donnell, Danielle Solondz, and Nick Brehm for field assistance, and Jamie Hollingsworth, Ronnie Daanen, Bill Cable, Brian Charlton, Jason Garron, Lee Pruett, Emily Tissier, and Jason Downing were all invaluable to the setup of our experimental design. We thank Claire Treat and Kim Wickland for lab assistance, Jay Jones for use of a spectrophotometer, and Kevin Wyatt for providing dissolved oxygen data. This research was supported by the Bonanza Creek LTER (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231), National Science Foundation grant DEB-0425328, and a Center for Water Sciences fellowship (Michigan State University) to ESK. Jon O'Donnell, Kevin Wyatt, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 110 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G04012 DI 10.1029/2010JG001366 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 666CE UT WOS:000283087100002 ER PT J AU Clark, RN Curchin, JM Barnes, JW Jaumann, R Soderblom, L Cruikshank, DP Brown, RH Rodriguez, S Lunine, J Stephan, K Hoefen, TM Le Mouelic, S Sotin, C Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Nicholson, PD AF Clark, Roger N. Curchin, John M. Barnes, Jason W. Jaumann, Ralf Soderblom, Larry Cruikshank, Dale P. Brown, Robert H. Rodriguez, Sebastien Lunine, Jonathan Stephan, Katrin Hoefen, Todd M. Le Mouelic, Stephane Sotin, Christophe Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Nicholson, Philip D. TI Detection and mapping of hydrocarbon deposits on Titan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID DESCENT IMAGER/SPECTRAL RADIOMETER; HUYGENS LANDING SITE; CASSINI-VIMS; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; D/H RATIO; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; METHANE AB We report the identification of compounds on Titan's surface by spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy methods through Titan's atmosphere, and set upper limits to other organic compounds. We present evidence for surface deposits of solid benzene (C6H6), solid and/or liquid ethane (C2H6), or methane (CH4), and clouds of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) aerosols using diagnostic spectral features in data from the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS). Cyanoacetylene (2-propynenitrile, IUPAC nomenclature, HC3N) is indicated in spectra of some bright regions, but the spectral resolution of VIMS is insufficient to make a unique identification although it is a closer match to the feature previously attributed to CO2. We identify benzene, an aromatic hydrocarbon, in larger abundances than expected by some models. Acetylene (C2H2), expected to be more abundant on Titan according to some models than benzene, is not detected. Solid acetonitrile (CH3CN) or other nitriles might be candidates for matching other spectral features in some Titan spectra. An as yet unidentified absorption at 5.01-mm indicates that yet another compound exists on Titan's surface. We place upper limits for liquid methane and ethane in some locations on Titan and find local areas consistent with millimeter path lengths. Except for potential lakes in the southern and northern polar regions, most of Titan appears "dry." Finally, we find there is little evidence for exposed water ice on the surface. Water ice, if present, must be covered with organic compounds to the depth probed by 1-5-mm photons: a few millimeters to centimeters. C1 [Clark, Roger N.; Curchin, John M.; Hoefen, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Jaumann, Ralf; Stephan, Katrin] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris 07, CNRS UMR 7158, CEA Saclay DSM IRFU SAp, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44000 Nantes, France. [Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Soderblom, Larry] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rclark@usgs.gov RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 FU NASA; VIMS team; Cassini Data Analysis program; Incentivazione alla mobilita' di studiosi straineri e italiani residenti all'estero FX This study was funded by the NASA Cassini project, VIMS team, and Cassini Data Analysis program (R. Clark, PI). This work was financed within the scope of the program "Incentivazione alla mobilita' di studiosi straineri e italiani residenti all'estero." NR 79 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 13 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E10005 DI 10.1029/2009JE003369 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 666DZ UT WOS:000283093600001 ER PT J AU Winder, M Cloern, JE AF Winder, Monika Cloern, James E. TI The annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phenology; primary producer; chlorophyll a; aquatic systems; periodicity; wavelet analysis ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NARRAGANSETT BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; REGIME SHIFTS; FRESH-WATERS; PHENOLOGY; DYNAMICS; PLANKTON; BLOOMS AB Terrestrial plants are powerful climate sentinels because their annual cycles of growth, reproduction and senescence are finely tuned to the annual climate cycle having a period of one year. Consistency in the seasonal phasing of terrestrial plant activity provides a relatively low-noise background from which phenological shifts can be detected and attributed to climate change. Here, we ask whether phytoplankton biomass also fluctuates over a consistent annual cycle in lake, estuarine-coastal and ocean ecosystems and whether there is a characteristic phenology of phytoplankton as a consistent phase and amplitude of variability. We compiled 125 time series of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a concentration) from temperate and subtropical zones and used wavelet analysis to extract their dominant periods of variability and the recurrence strength at those periods. Fewer than half (48%) of the series had a dominant 12-month period of variability, commonly expressed as the canonical spring-bloom pattern. About 20 per cent had a dominant six-month period of variability, commonly expressed as the spring and autumn or winter and summer blooms of temperate lakes and oceans. These annual patterns varied in recurrence strength across sites, and did not persist over the full series duration at some sites. About a third of the series had no component of variability at either the six-or 12-month period, reflecting a series of irregular pulses of biomass. These findings show that there is high variability of annual phytoplankton cycles across ecosystems, and that climate-driven annual cycles can be obscured by other drivers of population variability, including human disturbance, aperiodic weather events and strong trophic coupling between phytoplankton and their consumers. Regulation of phytoplankton biomass by multiple processes operating at multiple time scales adds complexity to the challenge of detecting climate-driven trends in aquatic ecosystems where the noise to signal ratio is high. C1 [Winder, Monika] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Winder, M (reprint author), Kiel Univ IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM mwinder@ucdavis.edu RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 FU CALFED Science Program [R/SF-36 (CalFed U-04-SC-005)]; US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program for Hydrologic Research FX We sincerely appreciate the generosity of the researchers and programme managers for sharing datasets for this comparative analysis. The institutions and site investigators are listed in the electronic supplementary material. We thank Alan D. Jassby for helpful advice and recommendations, Yonggang Liu for help with wavelet analysis and Daniel E. Schindler and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the CALFED Science Program under Grant no. R/SF-36 (CalFed U-04-SC-005) and the US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National Research Program for Hydrologic Research. NR 84 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 79 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 365 IS 1555 BP 3215 EP 3226 DI 10.1098/rstb.2010.0125 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 647IL UT WOS:000281611800009 PM 20819814 ER PT J AU Wiederholt, R Fernandez-Duque, E Diefenbach, DR Rudran, R AF Wiederholt, Ruscena Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo Diefenbach, Duane R. Rudran, Rasanayagam TI Modeling the impacts of hunting on the population dynamics of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Individual-based model; Reserve area; Hunting sustainability; Neotropical forests; Landscape model ID SEED DISPERSAL; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT; PRIMATE COMMUNITIES; TROPICAL FORESTS; AFRICAN LIONS; FRENCH-GUIANA; RAIN-FOREST; CONSERVATION; VERTEBRATES AB Overexploitation of wildlife populations occurs across the humid tropics and is a significant threat to the long-term survival of large-bodied primates. To investigate the impacts of hunting on primates and ways to mitigate them, we developed a spatially explicit, individual-based model for a landscape that included hunted and un-hunted areas. We used the large-bodied neotropical red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) as our case study species because its life history characteristics make it vulnerable to hunting. We modeled the influence of different rates of harvest and proportions of landscape dedicated to un-hunted reserves on population persistence, population size, social dynamics, and hunting yields of red howler monkeys. In most scenarios, the un-hunted populations maintained a constant density regardless of hunting pressure elsewhere, and allowed the overall population to persist. Therefore, the overall population was quite resilient to extinction; only in scenarios without any un-hunted areas did the population go extinct. However, the total and hunted populations did experience large declines over 100 years under moderate and high hunting pressure. In addition, when reserve area decreased, population losses and losses per unit area increased disproportionately. Furthermore, hunting disrupted the social structure of troops. The number of male turnovers and infanticides increased in hunted populations, while birth rates decreased and exacerbated population losses due to hunting. Finally, our results indicated that when more than 55% of the landscape was harvested at high (30%) rates, hunting yields, as measured by kilograms of biomass, were less than those obtained from moderate harvest rates. Additionally, hunting yields, expressed as the number of individuals hunted/year/km(2), increased in proximity to un-hunted areas, and suggested that dispersal from un-hunted areas may have contributed to hunting sustainability. These results indicate that un-hunted areas serve to enhance hunting yields, population size, and population persistence in hunted landscapes. Therefore, spatial regulation of hunting via a reserve system may be an effective management strategy for sustainable hunting, and we recommend it because it may also be more feasible to implement than harvest quotas or restrictions on season length. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiederholt, Ruscena] Penn State Univ, Ecol Intercoll Grad Degree Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo] Univ Penn, Dept Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo] Ctr Ecol Aplicada Litoral, RA-3400 Corrientes Argentina, Argentina. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rudran, Rasanayagam] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wiederholt, R (reprint author), 423 Carpenter Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rpw143@psu.edu; eduardof@sas.upenn.edu; ddiefenbach@psu.edu; rudran@msn.com FU Pennsylvania State University; National Institutes of Mental Health [MH 28840-01]; Smithsonian Institution; Friends of the National Zoo FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which improved the article. This research was funded by a graduate computing fellowship from the Pennsylvania State University to RW. The field investigations were funded by the National Institutes of Mental Health Grant # MH 28840-01, by several grants from the Smithsonian Institution's International Environmental Sciences Program, and by the Friends of the National Zoo awarded to the late J.F Eisenberg and R. Rudran. Rudran thanks the late Sr. Tomas Blohm and his wife Cecilia for their long years of friendship and unfailing support for the red howler project. He also thanks F. Boccardo, N.A. Muckenhirn, D.S. Mack, J.G. Robinson, R.W. Thorington Jr., D.E. Wilson, C.M. Crockett, C. Saavedra, T. Pope, late S. Crissey, D. Rumiz, X. Valderrama, K. Sestrich, G. Agoramoorthy, and B. Kilber for various types of assistance during the field study. Fernandez-Duque was supported through a postdoctoral fellowship of the Smithsonian Institution while organizing the data set and by the Argentinean CONICET, the Zoological Society of San Diego, and the University of Pennsylvania during the analysis of the data and preparation of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 20 BP 2482 EP 2490 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.06.026 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657HL UT WOS:000282403700007 ER PT J AU Archfield, SA Vogel, RM AF Archfield, S. A. Vogel, R. M. TI Map correlation method: Selection of a reference streamgage to estimate daily streamflow at ungaged catchments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF; GENERATION AB Daily streamflow time series are critical to a very broad range of hydrologic problems. Whereas daily streamflow time series are readily obtained from gaged catchments, streamflow information is commonly needed at catchments for which no measured streamflow information exists. At ungaged catchments, methods to estimate daily streamflow time series typically require the use of a reference streamgage, which transfers properties of the streamflow time series at a reference streamgage to the ungaged catchment. Therefore, the selection of a reference streamgage is one of the central challenges associated with estimation of daily streamflow at ungaged basins. The reference streamgage is typically selected by choosing the nearest streamgage; however, this paper shows that selection of the nearest streamgage does not provide a consistent selection criterion. We introduce a new method, termed the map-correlation method, which selects the reference streamgage whose daily streamflows are most correlated with an ungaged catchment. When applied to the estimation of daily streamflow at 28 streamgages across southern New England, daily streamflows estimated by a reference streamgage selected using the map-correlation method generally provides improved estimates of daily streamflow time series over streamflows estimated by the selection and use of the nearest streamgage. The map correlation method could have potential for many other applications including identifying redundancy and uniqueness in a streamgage network, calibration of rainfall runoff models at ungaged sites, as well as for use in catchment classification. C1 [Archfield, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Rhode Isl Water Sci Ctr, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Vogel, R. M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Archfield, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Rhode Isl Water Sci Ctr, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM sarch@usgs.gov; richard.vogel@tufts.edu RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008 OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection FX The authors would like to acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection for their funding of this work. The authors would also like to acknowledge Eric Thompson and Laurie Baise of Tufts University for their technical advice and support relating to the geostatistical applications of this study. We thank Nick Matalas for inspiring us to consider the use of the cross-correlation of streamflow records. The authors also thank Rachel Esralew and William Asquith of the U. S. Geological Survey for their reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript as well as Demetris Koutsoyiannis, Alberto Montanari, and three anonymous reviewers, whose comments substantially improved the manuscript and related analyses. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 9 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W10513 DI 10.1029/2009WR008481 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 690NW UT WOS:000285012500001 ER PT J AU Merten, E Finlay, J Johnson, L Newman, R Stefan, H Vondracek, B AF Merten, Eric Finlay, Jacques Johnson, Lucinda Newman, Raymond Stefan, Heinz Vondracek, Bruce TI Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FISH HABITAT; DEBRIS; DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT; RIVERS; PERCEPTION; USA; RESTORATION; RETENTION; LOGS AB Natural pieces of wood provide a variety of ecosystem functions in streams including habitat, organic matter retention, increased hyporheic exchange and transient storage, and enhanced hydraulic and geomorphic heterogeneity. Wood mobilization is a critical process in determining the residence time of wood. We documented the characteristics and locations of 865 natural wood pieces (>0.05 m in diameter for a portion >1 m in length) in nine streams along the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. We determined the locations of the pieces again after an overbank stormflow event to determine the factors that influenced mobilization of stationary wood pieces in natural streams. Seven of 11 potential predictor variables were identified with multiple logistic regression as significant to mobilization: burial, effective depth, ratio of piece length to effective stream width (length ratio), bracing, rootwad presence, downstream force ratio, and draft ratio. The final model (P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.39) indicated that wood mobilization under natural conditions is a complex function of both mechanical factors (burial, length ratio, bracing, rootwad presence, draft ratio) and hydraulic factors (effective depth, downstream force ratio). If stable pieces are a goal for stream management then features such as partial burial, low effective depth, high length relative to channel width, bracing against other objects (e. g., stream banks, trees, rocks, or larger wood pieces), and rootwads are desirable. Using the model equation from this study, stewards of natural resources can better manage in-stream wood for the benefit of stream ecosystems. C1 [Merten, Eric; Newman, Raymond] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Finlay, Jacques] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Johnson, Lucinda] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Stefan, Heinz] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Merten, E (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mertenec@uwec.edu RI Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011 OI Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030 FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Minnesota Sea Grant FX Wood and survey data were collected by Jo Fritz, Ryan Carlson, Dustin Wilman, Nicole Rath, Levi Drevlow, Ryan Johnsen, and April Bebault. Rachael Stanze and Nathan Schroeder collected continuous discharge data from six streams. Logistical support was provided by Tracy Close of Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Marty Rye of USDA Forest Service, the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Natural Resources Research Institute. Funding was provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Minnesota Sea Grant. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 9 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W10514 DI 10.1029/2009WR008772 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 690NW UT WOS:000285012500003 ER PT J AU Chaytor, JD ten Brink, US AF Chaytor, Jason D. ten Brink, Uri S. TI Extension in Mona Passage, Northeast Caribbean SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; Seismic reflection; Earthquakes; Oblique extension; Geomorphology ID WESTERN PUERTO-RICO; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; DEFORMATION; ROTATION; MARGIN; ZONE; RIFT; CONSTRAINTS AB As shown by the recent M(w) 7.0 Haiti earthquake, intra-arc deformation, which accompanies the subduction process, can present seismic and tsunami hazards to nearby islands. Spatially-limited diffuse tectonic deformation within the Northeast Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone likely led to the development of the submerged Mona Passage between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. GPS geodetic data and a moderate to high level of seismicity indicate that extension within the region is ongoing. Newly-collected high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and multi-channel seismic reflection profiles and previously-collected samples are used here to determine the tectonic evolution of the Mona Passage intra-arc region. The passage is floored almost completely by Oligocene-Pliocene carbonate platform strata, which have undergone submarine and subaerial erosion. Structurally, the passage is characterized by W- to NNW-trending normal faults that offset the entire thickness of the Oligo-Pliocene carbonate platform rocks. The orientation of these faults is compatible with the NE-oriented extension vector observed in GPS data. Fault geometry best fits an oblique extension model rather than previously proposed single-phase, poly-phase, bending-moment, or rotation extension models. The intersection of these generally NW-trending faults in Mona Passage with the N-S oriented faults of Mona Canyon may reflect differing responses of the brittle upper-crust, along an arc-forearc rheological boundary, to oblique subduction along the Puerto Rico trench. Several faults within the passage, if ruptured completely, are long enough to generate earthquakes with magnitudes on the order of M(w) 6.5-7. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chaytor, Jason D.; ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chaytor, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jchaytor@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677 NR 82 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 8 PY 2010 VL 493 IS 1-2 BP 74 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.07.002 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 673YT UT WOS:000283700800005 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB Baker, LM AF Fletcher, Jon B. Baker, Lawrence M. TI Analysis of nonvolcanic tremor on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, CA using U. S. Geological Survey Parkfield Seismic Array SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; GROUND MOTIONS; SITE-RESPONSE; EARTHQUAKE; UPSAR; AFTERSHOCKS; BENEATH; REGION; JAPAN AB Reports by Nadeau and Dolenc (2005) that tremor had been detected near Cholame Valley spawned an effort to use UPSAR (U. S. Geological Survey Parkfield Seismic Array) to study characteristics of tremor. UPSAR was modified to record three channels of velocity at 40-50 sps continuously in January 2005 and ran for about 1 month, during which time we recorded numerous episodes of tremor. One tremor, on 21 January at 0728, was recorded with particularly high signal levels as well as another episode 3 days later. Both events were very emergent, had a frequency content between 2 and 8 Hz, and had numerous high-amplitude, short-duration arrivals within the tremor signal. Here using the first episode as an example, we discuss an analysis procedure, which yields azimuth and apparent velocity of the tremor at UPSAR. We then provide locations for both tremor episodes. The emphasis here is how the tremor episode evolves. Twelve stations were operating at the time of recording. Slowness of arrivals was determined using cross correlation of pairs of stations; the same method used in analyzing the main shock data from 28 September 2004. A feature of this analysis is that 20 s of the time series were used at a time to calculate correlation; the longer windows resulted in more consistent estimates of slowness, but lower peak correlations. These values of correlation (peaks of about 0.25), however, are similar to that obtained for the S wave of a microearthquake. Observed peaks in slowness were traced back to source locations assumed to lie on the San Andreas fault. Our inferred locations for the two tremor events cluster near the locations of previously observed tremor, south of the Cholame Valley. Tremor source depths are in the 14-24 km range, which is below the seismogenic brittle zone, but above the Moho. Estimates of error do not preclude locations below the Moho, however. The tremor signal is very emergent but contains packets that are several times larger than the background tremor signal and lasts about 5 s. These impulsive wavelets are similar to low-frequency earthquakes signals seen in Japan but appear to be broader band rather than just higher in low-frequency energy. They may be more appropriately called high-energy tremor (HET). HET signals at UPSAR correlate well with the record of this event from station GHIB of the HRSN borehole array at Parkfield and HETs typically have a higher cross-correlation coefficient than the rest of the tremor event. The amplitudes of a large HET are consistent with a magnitude of 0.1 when compared with a M2.3 event that had about the same epicenter. Polarizations of the tremor episode at UPSAR are mostly just north of east. Both linearity and azimuth evolve over time suggesting a change in tremor source location over time and linearity is typically higher at the HETs. C1 [Fletcher, Jon B.; Baker, Lawrence M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jfletcher@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 8 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B10305 DI 10.1029/2010JB007511 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690ND UT WOS:000285010600009 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J AF Gomberg, Joan TI Lessons from (triggered) tremor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; EARTH TIDES; DYNAMIC STRESS; FAILURE MODELS; EARTHQUAKES; FAULT; SLIP; TRANSIENT; ZONES; LAW AB I test a "clock-advance" model that implies triggered tremor is ambient tremor that occurs at a sped-up rate as a result of loading from passing seismic waves. This proposed model predicts that triggering probability is proportional to the product of the ambient tremor rate and a function describing the efficacy of the triggering wave to initiate a tremor event. Using data mostly from Cascadia, I have compared qualitatively a suite of teleseismic waves that did and did not trigger tremor with ambient tremor rates. Many of the observations are consistent with the model if the efficacy of the triggering wave depends on wave amplitude. One triggered tremor observation clearly violates the clock-advance model. The model prediction that larger triggering waves result in larger triggered tremor signals also appears inconsistent with the measurements. I conclude that the tremor source process is a more complex system than that described by the clock-advance model predictions tested. Results of this and previous studies also demonstrate that (1) conditions suitable for tremor generation exist in many tectonic environments, but, within each, only occur at particular spots whose locations change with time; (2) any fluid flow must be restricted to less than a meter; (3) the degree to which delayed failure and secondary triggering occurs is likely insignificant; and 4) both shear and dilatational deformations may trigger tremor. Triggered and ambient tremor rates correlate more strongly with stress than stressing rate, suggesting tremor sources result from time-dependent weakening processes rather than simple Coulomb failure. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 8 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B10302 DI 10.1029/2009JB007011 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690ND UT WOS:000285010600002 ER PT J AU Moschetti, MP Ritzwoller, MH Lin, FC Yang, Y AF Moschetti, M. P. Ritzwoller, M. H. Lin, F. -C. Yang, Y. TI Crustal shear wave velocity structure of the western United States inferred from ambient seismic noise and earthquake data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN UPPER-MANTLE; PHASE-VELOCITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; 2-STATION ANALYSIS; ARRAY TOMOGRAPHY; RANGE PROVINCE; NORTH-AMERICA; SE TIBET; BASIN AB Surface wave dispersion measurements from ambient seismic noise and array-based measurements from teleseismic earthquakes observed with the EarthScope/USArray Transportable Array (TA) are inverted using a Monte Carlo method for a 3-D V-S model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the western United States. The combination of data from these methods produces exceptionally broadband dispersion information from 6 to 100 s period, which constrains shear wave velocity structures in the crust and uppermost mantle to a depth of more than 100 km. The high lateral resolution produced by the TA network and the broadbandedness of the dispersion information motivate the question of the appropriate parameterization for a 3-D model, particularly for the crustal part of the model. We show that a relatively simple model in which V-S increases monotonically with depth in the crust can fit the data well across more than 90% of the study region, except in eight discrete areas where greater crustal complexity apparently exists. The regions of greater crustal complexity are the Olympic Peninsula, the MendocinoTriple Junction, the Yakima Fold Belt, the southern Cascadia back arc, the Great Central Valley of California, the Salton Trough, the Snake River Plain, and the Wasatch Mountains. We also show that a strong Rayleigh-Love discrepancy exists across much of the western United States, which can be resolved by introducing radial anisotropy in both the mantle and notably the crust. We focus our analysis on demonstrating the existence of crustal radial anisotropy and primarily discuss the crustal part of the isotropic model that results from the radially anisotropic model by Voigt averaging. Model uncertainties from the Monte Carlo inversion are used to identify robust isotropic features in the model. The uppermost mantle beneath the western United States is principally composed of four large-scale shear wave velocity features, but lower crustal velocity structure exhibits far greater heterogeneity. We argue that these lower crustal structures are predominantly caused by interactions with the uppermost mantle, including the intrusion and underplating of mafic mantle materials and the thermal depression of wave speeds caused by conductive heating from the mantle. Upper and middle crustal wave speeds are generally correlated, and notable anomalies are inferred to result from terrane accretion at the continental margin and volcanic intrusions. C1 [Moschetti, M. P.; Ritzwoller, M. H.; Lin, F. -C.; Yang, Y.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Imaging Earths Interior, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Moschetti, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Golden, CO 80225 USA. EM mmoschetti@usgs.gov; michael.ritzwoller@colorado.edu; fan-chi.lin@colorado.edu; yingjie.yang@colorado.edu RI Yang, Yingjie/C-6988-2009; Lin, Fan-Chi/E-8170-2012; OI Yang, Yingjie/0000-0002-1105-3824 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0450082, EAR-0711526, EAR-0552316]; American Society for Engineering Education FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and the editors for their insightful comments. Malcolm Sambridge provided the Neighborhood Algorithm code. Research support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (EAR-0450082 and EAR-0711526) and an NDSEG Fellowship from the American Society for Engineering Education to M. P. M. are acknowledged. The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center were used to access the waveform and metadata required in this study. The IRIS DMS is funded by the NSF and specifically the GEO Directorate through the Instrumentation and Facilities Program of the NSF under Cooperative Agreement EAR-0552316. NR 79 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 8 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B10306 DI 10.1029/2010JB007448 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690ND UT WOS:000285010600008 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD AF Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Interacting Parasites SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HETEROLOGOUS IMMUNITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TRENDS C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kevin.lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 8 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6001 BP 187 EP 188 DI 10.1126/science.1196915 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 660LP UT WOS:000282644600029 PM 20929765 ER PT J AU Karunatillake, S McLennan, S Herkenhoff, KE AF Karunatillake, Suniti McLennan, Scott Herkenhoff, Ken E. TI Regional and grain size influences on the geochemistry of soil at Gusev crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; AEOLIAN DUNES; CHEMISTRY; MINERALS; MISSION; BASALTS; SPIRIT; ROCKS; DUST AB Congruous with earlier work, Martian soil along the Spirit Rover's traverse at Gusev crater can be divided into three broad groups by size: fines (<150 mu m), sand, and a mix of various grain sizes. The key chemical observation is greater homogeneity in fines relative to the other two, consistent with regional- and global-scale sampling of chemical compositions by finer particle sizes. The mix class is generally more heterogeneous as are samples from the Columbia Hills within each class. Variation in the trace element Ni is consistent with a CI contribution not exceeding 3%, while that of Ti is compatible with Fe-Ti oxide enrichment not exceeding 3%. Physical mixing models are poorly supported. Among many potential binary and three-component mixing models, only two show some consistency with the soil data: typical fines with the opaline Si end-member identified at Home Plate and typical fines with sulfates (bearing a variable mix of Ca, Fe, and Mg cations). We also infer that binary mixing transcends classes, contrasting strongly with terrestrial sediments, and that mixing trends are consistent with significant nonmixing contributions, perhaps including localized chemical alteration. The decoupling between chemistry and grain size classes also suggests that processes linking composition with grain size, such as heavy mineral sorting, may have been minimal or absent entirely. The primary exception to this is the correlation between Cl and Si, Cl-S, and Al-Si, which is strongest in the fines class. C1 [Karunatillake, Suniti; McLennan, Scott] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Herkenhoff, Ken E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Karunatillake, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, 255 ESS Bldg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM wk43@cornell.edu RI Karunatillake, Suniti/A-5934-2009 OI Karunatillake, Suniti/0000-0001-9891-1432 FU NASA [NNX07AN96G]; Jet Propulsion laboratory FX Robert Sullivan contributed with the effort and insightfulness of a coauthor to improve the clarity and reduce the errors in our work. We also thank the Mars Exploration Rover team, in general, and Paulo DeSouza, in particular, for collegial support. Hap McSween guided us with a thorough and helpful critique while Jeff Johnson and Lisa Gaddis provided additional reviews. NASA Mars Data Analysis Program grant NNX07AN96G and a NASA subcontract from the Jet Propulsion laboratory provided fiscal support. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 6 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00F04 DI 10.1029/2010JE003637 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 716RU UT WOS:000286992000001 ER PT J AU Haney, MM AF Haney, M. M. TI Location and mechanism of very long period tremor during the 2008 eruption of Okmok Volcano from interstation arrival times SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CODA WAVE INTERFEROMETRY; SEISMIC VELOCITY; ASO VOLCANO; ALASKA; CONSTRAINTS; PARAMETERS; JAPAN AB We describe continuous, very long period (VLP) tremor that occurred during the 2008 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska. Due to its low frequency content in band from the 0.2-0.4 Hz, the wave field of the VLP tremor is relatively free of path effects. From continuous recordings of the VLP tremor on 2 three-component broadband and 3 single-component short-period instruments, we devise a method to locate the epicenter of the tremor based on interstation arrival times computed with cross correlation. We find the epicenter since the vertical and radial components of the VLP tremor wave field are dominated by Rayleigh waves and the time shifts are related to lateral propagation. Over the 4 h period studied, this procedure yields a location NNW of Cone D, close to the new cone built over the course of the eruption. Similar analysis using the transverse horizontal components from the 2 three-component broadband instruments yields strong constraints on the source mechanism of the VLP tremor. We observe an anomalous interstation arrival time due to the existence of a nodal plane in the Love wave radiation pattern. The orientation of a compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) source estimated from the transverse components closely aligns with the regional maximum horizontal stress direction. The depth of the CLVD source is constrained by matching the vertical components to the Rayleigh wave radiation pattern at all five stations. We find the VLP tremor source depth to be 2 km BSL, positioned between the magma chamber at Okmok (>3 km BSL) and the surface. C1 [Haney, M. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM matt@cgiss.boisestate.edu FU USGS; USGS/ARRA [G10AC00016] FX We thank Stephanie Prejean and John Power of the USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory for comments and discussions on Okmok Volcano. This work was partially funded under the USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral program and USGS/ARRA award G10AC00016. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 6 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B00B05 DI 10.1029/2010JB007440 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700WG UT WOS:000285774400003 ER PT J AU Meltzner, AJ Sieh, K Chiang, HW Shen, CC Suwargadi, BW Natawidjaja, DH Philibosian, BE Briggs, RW Galetzka, J AF Meltzner, Aron J. Sieh, Kerry Chiang, Hong-Wei Shen, Chuan-Chou Suwargadi, Bambang W. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Philibosian, Belle E. Briggs, Richard W. Galetzka, John TI Coral evidence for earthquake recurrence and an A.D. 1390-1455 cluster at the south end of the 2004 Aceh-Andaman rupture SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN DIPOLE; SUMATRAN SUBDUCTION-ZONE; NIAS-SIMEULUE EARTHQUAKE; HOLOCENE SEA LEVELS; INDONESIAN WILDFIRES; NORTHERN SUMATRA; REEF DEATH; LEVEL; TSUNAMI; DEFORMATION AB Coral records of relative sea level change provide a history of vertical interseismic and coseismic deformation along the coast of northern Simeulue Island, Sumatra, and reveal details about earthquakes in the 10th and 14th-15th centuries A.D. along the southern end of the December 2004 M-w 9.2 Sunda megathrust rupture. Over a 56 year period between A.D. 1390 and 1455, northern Simeulue experienced a cluster of megathrust ruptures, associated with total uplift that was considerably more than in 2004. Uplifted corals at two sites constrain the first event of the cluster to A.D. 1393 +/-3 and 1394 +/- 2 (2 sigma). A smaller but well-substantiated uplift occurred in northern Simeulue in 1430 +/- 3. An inferred third uplift, in A.D. 1450 +/- 3, killed all corals on the reef flats of northern Simeulue. The amount of uplift during this third event, though confirmed only to have exceeded 28 and 41 cm at two sites, probably surpassed the 100 and 44 cm that occurred, respectively, at those sites in 2004, and it was likely more than in 2004 over all of northern Simeulue. The evidence for past earthquake clustering combined with the inference of considerably greater uplift in A.D. 1390-1455 than in 2004 suggests that strain may still be stored along the southernmost part of the 2004 rupture. Interseismic subsidence rates recorded by northern Simeulue coral microatolls have varied by up to a factor of 4 at some sites from one earthquake cycle to another. C1 [Meltzner, Aron J.; Sieh, Kerry; Philibosian, Belle E.; Galetzka, John] CALTECH, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chiang, Hong-Wei; Shen, Chuan-Chou] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, High Precis Mass Spectrometry & Environm Change L, HISPEC, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chiang, Hong-Wei] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Suwargadi, Bambang W.; Natawidjaja, Danny H.] Indonesian Inst Sci, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Komplek LIPI, Bandung 40135, West Java, Indonesia. [Briggs, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Meltzner, AJ (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM meltzner@gps.caltech.edu RI Meltzner, Aron/A-5585-2009; Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013; Shen, Chuan-Chou/H-9642-2013; OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Chiang, Hong-Wei/0000-0002-5274-594X; SHEN, CHUAN-CHOU/0000-0003-2833-2771; Meltzner, Aron/0000-0002-2955-0896; Philibosian, Belle/0000-0003-3138-4716 FU CNES; NSF [EAR-0538333 PAE, 98-2116-M-002-006, 98-2661-M-002-012]; Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Earth Observatory of Singapore FX We thank D. Prayudi and I. Suprihanto for field support; S. Bradley for model results and J. Genrich for processed SuGAr GPS data; M. Simons, B. Horton, J. Patton, C. Wunsch, V. Zlotnicki, A. Reid, E. McKinnon, and N. Hananto for helpful discussions; and J.-P. Avouac, K. Monecke, A. Crone, G. Hayes, B. Atwater, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive reviews that contributed to a substantially improved final manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the use of altimeter products produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES. This work has been supported by NSF grant EAR-0538333 (to K.S.); by Taiwan National Science Council grants 96-2752-M-002-012-PAE, 98-2116-M-002-006 and 98-2661-M-002-012 (to C.-C.S.); by LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Science) and RUTI (International Joint Research Program of the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology); by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; and by the Earth Observatory of Singapore. This is Caltech Tectonics Observatory contribution 128 and Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution 6. Isotopic measurements were performed on a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) Thermo NEPTUNE in the High-precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University. An annotated high-resolution X-ray mosaic of each coral cross section described in this paper is provided in the electronic supplement of A. Meltzner's Ph.D. thesis [Meltzner, 2010], along with a selection of field and aerial photos. NR 68 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 6 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B10402 DI 10.1029/2010JB007499 PG 46 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700WG UT WOS:000285774400004 ER PT J AU Hamme, RC Webley, PW Crawford, WR Whitney, FA DeGrandpre, MD Emerson, SR Eriksen, CC Giesbrecht, KE Gower, JFR Kavanaugh, MT Pena, MA Sabine, CL Batten, SD Coogan, LA Grundle, DS Lockwood, D AF Hamme, Roberta C. Webley, Peter W. Crawford, William R. Whitney, Frank A. DeGrandpre, Michael D. Emerson, Steven R. Eriksen, Charles C. Giesbrecht, Karina E. Gower, Jim F. R. Kavanaugh, Maria T. Pena, M. Angelica Sabine, Christopher L. Batten, Sonia D. Coogan, Laurence A. Grundle, Damian S. Lockwood, Deirdre TI Volcanic ash fuels anomalous plankton bloom in subarctic northeast Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OCEAN; IRON; NE; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT AB Using multiple lines of evidence, we demonstrate that volcanic ash deposition in August 2008 initiated one of the largest phytoplankton blooms observed in the subarctic North Pacific. Unusually widespread transport from a volcanic eruption in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska deposited ash over much of the subarctic NE Pacific, followed by large increases in satellite chlorophyll. Surface ocean pCO(2), pH, and fluorescence reveal that the bloom started a few days after ashfall. Ship-based measurements showed increased dominance by diatoms. This evidence points toward fertilization of this normally iron-limited region by ash, a relatively new mechanism proposed for iron supply to the ocean. The observations do not support other possible mechanisms. Extrapolation of the pCO2 data to the area of the bloom suggests a modest similar to 0.01 Pg carbon export from this event, implying that even large-scale iron fertilization at an optimum time of year is not very efficient at sequestering atmospheric CO(2). Citation: Hamme, R. C., et al. (2010), Volcanic ash fuels anomalous plankton bloom in subarctic northeast Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L19604, doi:10.1029/2010GL044629. C1 [Hamme, Roberta C.; Giesbrecht, Karina E.; Coogan, Laurence A.; Grundle, Damian S.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Crawford, William R.; Whitney, Frank A.; Gower, Jim F. R.; Pena, M. Angelica] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [DeGrandpre, Michael D.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Emerson, Steven R.; Eriksen, Charles C.; Lockwood, Deirdre] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kavanaugh, Maria T.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Batten, Sonia D.] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8, Canada. RP Hamme, RC (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, POB 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. EM rhamme@uvic.ca RI Giesbrecht, Karina/B-1405-2013; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; Kavanaugh, Maria/0000-0001-6126-6177 FU NSERC; DFO; NSF; NOAA; SAHFOS FX We thank M. Robert and Fisheries and Oceans Canada staff for core measurements and support on Line P cruises, as well as the scientists and crew on the August 2008 cruises (Tully 2008-27 and Thompson TN224). Funding support by NSERC, DFO, NSF, NOAA, SAHFOS. NR 26 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L19604 DI 10.1029/2010GL044629 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 661XU UT WOS:000282767500001 ER PT J AU Painter, TH Deems, JS Belnap, J Hamlet, AF Landry, CC Udall, B AF Painter, Thomas H. Deems, Jeffrey S. Belnap, Jayne Hamlet, Alan F. Landry, Christopher C. Udall, Bradley TI Response of Colorado River runoff to dust radiative forcing in snow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aerosols; land use change; reflectivity; snow melt ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; WATER AVAILABILITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2; IMPACTS; TRENDS; MODEL; DEPOSITION AB The waters of the Colorado River serve 27 million people in seven states and two countries but are overallocated by more than 10% of the river's historical mean. Climate models project runoff losses of 7-20% from the basin in this century due to human-induced climate change. Recent work has shown however that by the late 1800s, decades prior to allocation of the river's runoff in the 1920s, a fivefold increase in dust loading from anthropogenically disturbed soils in the southwest United States was already decreasing snow albedo and shortening the duration of snow cover by several weeks. The degree to which this increase in radiative forcing by dust in snow has affected timing and magnitude of runoff from the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) is unknown. Here we use the Variable Infiltration Capacity model with postdisturbance and pre-disturbance impacts of dust on albedo to estimate the impact on runoff from the UCRB across 1916-2003. We find that peak runoff at Lees Ferry, Arizona has occurred on average 3 wk earlier under heavier dust loading and that increases in evapotranspiration from earlier exposure of vegetation and soils decreases annual runoff by more than 1.0 billion cubic meters or similar to 5% of the annual average. The potential to reduce dust loading through surface stabilization in the deserts and restore more persistent snow cover, slow runoff, and increase water resources in the UCRB may represent an important mitigation opportunity to reduce system management tensions and regional impacts of climate change. C1 [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.; Udall, Bradley] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Western Water Assessme, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Landry, Christopher C.] Ctr Snow & Avalanche Studies, Silverton, CO 81433 USA. RP Painter, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Thomas.Painter@jpl.nasa.gov RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU National Science Foundation [ATM0432327]; NASA [NNG04GC52A] FX We thank J. Sparks, T. Belote, S. Munson, and D. S. Schimel for comments on the manuscript. We express special thanks to Jeff Dozier for a tough, thorough, and constructive exchange on the full range of the paper. T. H. P. was funded by National Science Foundation Grant ATM0432327 and NASA Cooperative Agreement NNG04GC52A. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 55 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 58 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 5 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 40 BP 17125 EP 17130 DI 10.1073/pnas.0913139107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 658TJ UT WOS:000282512000016 PM 20855581 ER PT J AU Plentovich, S Swenson, C Reimer, N Richardson, M Garon, N AF Plentovich, Sheldon Swenson, Chris Reimer, Neil Richardson, Mike Garon, Norman TI The effects of hydramethylnon on the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and non-target arthropods on Spit Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Ant eradication; Ecological cost; Formicidae; Maxforce; Non-target effects ID BIGHEADED ANT; BIRD-ISLAND; INVASIONS; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITIES; SEYCHELLES; PINEAPPLE; SUCCESS; BAITS AB Invasive ants can cause major disruptions in native ecosystems. Ant eradication methods without significant non-target effects are needed to stop incipient invasions and to aid in ecosystem restoration. Successful ant eradications are rare and there is very little understanding of the effects of ant eradication methods, such as the use of formicides, on non-target species. Here we attempted to control and possibly eradicate the invasive tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata, from a small islet using the formicide Maxforce(A (R)) (active ingredient: hydramethylnon), and to quantify the non-target effects on an almost exclusively alien ground-dwelling arthropod community. S. geminata abundance was reduced and the species was not detected on bait cards for 12 months post-treatment. The abundance of another non-target invasive ant that was primarily detected in pitfall traps, Tetramoruim bicarinatum, declined in pitfall traps following treatment, but seemed to be excluded from bait cards by S. geminata. Total ant abundance did not return to original levels until more than 12 months post-treatment. Populations of alien cockroaches (Order Blattaria) and crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) were negatively affected by the treatment. We conclude that Maxforce(A (R)) can be used to control small infestations of S. geminata and T. bicarinatum effectively; however we recommend it be used cautiously due to the potential ecological cost to non-target species. Use in areas where infestations are small and isolated will maximize the likelihood of success while minimizing non-target effects. C1 [Plentovich, Sheldon] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swenson, Chris; Richardson, Mike] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Reimer, Neil] USDA, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Plentovich, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Edmondson Hall 152,2538 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM plentovi@hawaii.edu FU United State Fish and Wildlife Service; Offshore Islet Restoration Committee FX This project would not have been possible without help from many people. Midway Island volunteers Naomi Sugimura Swenson, Christina Donehower, Billi Wagner, and Valerie Sloan helped with logistics and fieldwork. Bishop Museum entomologists David Preston, Frank Howarth and Al Samuelson identified arthropods in pitfall traps. Ben Hoffmann, Sanford Porter, and an anonymous reviewer provided thoughtful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We are especially grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Midway Wildlife Refuge. Funding and support were provided by the United State Fish and Wildlife Service and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 14 IS 5 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s10841-010-9274-6 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 648YK UT WOS:000281731300003 ER PT J AU Benson, LV Pauketat, TR Cook, ER AF Benson, Larry V. Pauketat, Timothy R. Cook, Edward R. TI VOLATILE CLIMATE CONDITIONS CAHOKIA: COMMENT ON BENSON, PAUKETAT AND COOK 2009 REPLY SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The following reply to the comments by Nolan and Cook makes the following points. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is not a measure of summer rainfall. Cahokia's "Big Bang" dates to the end of the Edelhardt phase and continued through the Lohmann phase. The "American Bottom" refers only to the Mississippi River floodplain in the vicinity of East St. Louis, and the exact nature of human response to climate change cannot be predicted from PDSI data alone. C1 [Benson, Larry V.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Pauketat, Timothy R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cook, Edward R.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lben-son@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP 984 EP 985 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 679BY UT WOS:000284135600017 ER PT J AU Riddle, JD Pollock, KH Simons, TR AF Riddle, Jason D. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. TI AN UNRECONCILED DOUBLE-OBSERVER METHOD FOR ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITY AND ABUNDANCE SO AUK LA English DT Article DE abundance; detection probability; double-observer; PRESENCE; repeated counts ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; MEASUREMENT ERROR; FIELD-EVALUATION; DISTANCE; REMOVAL AB Multiple-observer point-count methods allow estimation of detection probability and have some advantages over other point-count methods. We introduce the unreconciled double-observer method, an independent double-observer method that does not require observers to match or otherwise reconcile individual observations. The modeling of the counts uses the repeated-counts model (Royle 2004). We compared estimates of detection probability and abundance from the unreconciled double-observer method with estimates from the traditional independent double-observer method (which requires matching of individual animals) using field-simulated bird-point-count data. The unreconciled double-observer method provided point estimates of detection probability and abundance that were essentially identical to the results of the independent double-observer method, even though much less effort was required to collect data with the unreconciled method. Estimates of detection probability from the unreconciled double-observer method were usually less precise and estimates of abundance always less precise than those from the independent double-observer method, because there is less information available in the unreconciled double-observer approach. We also evaluated the unreconciled double-observer method on 12 Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) routes. The unreconciled double-observer method provided estimates of route-level abundance for most routes and for most of the 20 species we considered. We believe that this method has potential for established bird-monitoring programs such as the BBS because no changes in historical data-collection methods are required other than collecting data simultaneously using two or more observers. Received 5 August 2009, accepted 30 March 2010. C1 [Riddle, Jason D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Riddle, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM jason.riddle@uwsp.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program. We thank K. Pacifici for his help with the simulated field data. We also thank A. Berner, K. Obernuefemann, S. Schulte, and N. Tarr for assistance in collecting Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. W. Moore developed our BBS database and, along with K. Mordecai and M. Wilson, assisted with data management. Special thanks to S. Youssef and Reverie for their support of this project. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 841 EP 849 DI 10.1525/auk.2010.09118 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 679XZ UT WOS:000284195400012 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Banks, RC Barker, FK Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Lovette, IJ Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF Winker, K AF Chesser, R. Terry Banks, Richard C. Barker, F. Keith Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Lovette, Irby J. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas F. Winker, Kevin TI FIFTY-FIRST SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS (vol 127, pg 726, 2010) SO AUK LA English DT Correction C1 [Chesser, R. Terry; Banks, Richard C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Barker, F. Keith] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Museum Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Stotz, Douglas F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 966 EP 966 DI 10.1525/auk.2010.127.4.966 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 679XZ UT WOS:000284195400026 ER PT J AU Walters, JR Derrickson, SR Fry, DM Haig, SM Marzluff, JM Wunderle, JM AF Walters, Jeffrey R. Derrickson, Scott R. Fry, D. Michael Haig, Susan M. Marzluff, John M. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. TI STATUS OF THE CALIFORNIA CONDOR (GYMNOGYPS CALIFORNIANUS) AND EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE ITS RECOVERY SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; LEAD; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; AMMUNITION; VULTURES; REINTRODUCTION; REPRODUCTION C1 [Walters, Jeffrey R.] Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Derrickson, Scott R.] Smithsonian Conservat Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Fry, D. Michael] Amer Bird Conservancy, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Haig, Susan M.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Marzluff, John M.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.] Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Forest Serv, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Walters, JR (reprint author), Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jrwalt@vt.edu NR 109 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 14 U2 117 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 969 EP 1001 DI 10.1525/auk.2010.127.4.969 PG 33 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 679XZ UT WOS:000284195400027 ER PT J AU Hamilton, BT Moore, SE Williams, TB Darby, N Vinson, MR AF Hamilton, Bryan T. Moore, Steve E. Williams, Tod B. Darby, Neal Vinson, Mark R. TI Comparative Effects of Rotenone and Antimycin on Macroinvertebrate Diversity in Two Streams in Great Basin National Park, Nevada: Response to Comment SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hamilton, Bryan T.; Williams, Tod B.] Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA. [Moore, Steve E.] Great Smoky Mts Natl Pk, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. [Darby, Neal] Mojave Natl Preserve, Barstow, CA 92311 USA. [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Hamilton, BT (reprint author), Great Basin Natl Pk, 100 Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA. EM bryan_hamilton@nps.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1131 DI 10.1577/M10-026.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 673MB UT WOS:000283666100006 ER PT J AU Cooney, PB Kwak, TJ AF Cooney, Patrick B. Kwak, Thomas J. TI Development of Standard Weight Equations for Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Amphidromous Fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID LENGTH-RELATED BIAS; LARVAL LIFE; PUERTO-RICO; DOMINICA; STREAMS; DAMS AB We collected and compiled length and weight information from four countries and one commonwealth to develop standard weight (W(s)) equations for three amphidromous fish species native to the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico regions: mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola (N = 9,768 individuals, 52 populations), river goby Awaous banana (N = 1,847 individuals, 62 populations), and bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor (N = 2,983 individuals, 53 populations). Linear and quadratic W(s) equations for three quartiles (25%, median, 75%) are presented for these three species. The length-weight relationship from eight lentic bigmouth sleeper populations was significantly different from that of lotic populations, reflecting higher weights of juvenile fish (< 70 mm total length) in lentic environments. Thus, independent W(s) equations were developed for lotic populations of bigmouth sleepers. W(s) equations were not developed from lentic bigmouth sleeper populations alone due to the low number of applicable populations caused by life history constraints; the equation from combined lentic and lotic populations is suggested for application to lentic bigmouth sleeper populations. These morphometric relationships for amphidromous fishes may improve the ability to assess existing and potential sport fisheries and allow ecological assessment based on fish condition. C1 [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1209 DI 10.1577/M10-058.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 673MB UT WOS:000283666100012 ER PT J AU McManamay, RA Orth, DJ Dolloff, CA Cantrell, MA AF McManamay, Ryan A. Orth, D. J. Dolloff, Charles A. Cantrell, Mark A. TI Gravel Addition as a Habitat Restoration Technique for Tailwaters SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID REGULATED CALIFORNIA RIVER; REDD SITE SELECTION; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; SPAWNING HABITAT; BED RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; SEDIMENT BUDGET; BLACK REDHORSE; STREAM; CHUB AB We assessed the efficacy of passive gravel addition at forming catostomid spawning habitat under various flow regimes in the Cheoah River, a high-gradient tailwater river in North Carolina. The purpose was to provide a case study that included recommendations for future applications. A total of 76.3 m(3) (162 tons) of washed gravel (10-50 mm) was passively dumped down the streambank and into the channel in four locations. Gravel sites differed in terms of average reach slope, bank slope, and the initial volume of gravel added, which could have influenced gravel entrainment. Maps of gravel movement under various flows suggested that large-magnitude discharges (>= 113 m(3)/s) caused extensive migration; however, less obvious, smaller discharges (similar to 28 m(3)/s) still caused substantial shifting, which may influence the stability of catostomid spawning substrates. Following gravel addition, the proportion of gravel in the streambed was significantly higher at all gravel sites. However, comparisons of sites to reference stream reaches suggested that sand, gravel, and cobble were still extremely deficient. Additionally, the volume of gravel was inadequate to create gravel depths that provided suitable habitat for catostomid spawning. Although periodic, passive gravel additions may take years to provide suitable spawning habitat for some fish species, we found that river chub Nocomis micropogon utilized the newly added gravel for spawning. C1 [McManamay, Ryan A.; Orth, D. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, Charles A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cantrell, Mark A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP McManamay, RA (reprint author), 113 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rmcmanam@vt.edu OI Orth, Donald/0000-0002-9236-0147 NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1238 EP 1257 DI 10.1577/M10-007.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 673MB UT WOS:000283666100015 ER PT J AU Flannery, BG Beacham, TD Candy, JR Holder, RR Maschmann, GF Kretschmer, EJ Wenburg, JK AF Flannery, Blair G. Beacham, Terry D. Candy, John R. Holder, Russell R. Maschmann, Gerald F. Kretschmer, Eric J. Wenburg, John K. TI Mixed-Stock Analysis of Yukon River Chum Salmon: Application and Validation in a Complex Fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WESTERN ALASKA AB Yukon River chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta are managed under the Pacific Salmon Treaty (PST), which requires conservation and equitable sharing of this fishery resource by the USA and Canada. Fall chum salmon are of special concern because they spawn in both the United States and Canada, and the focus of the PST is on Canadian-origin salmon. Yukon River chum salmon were assayed for genetic variation at 22 microsatellite loci to establish a baseline for mixed-stock analysis (MSA) applications to assist in addressing conservation and allocation issues. The baseline has been applied yearly to estimate the stock composition of Yukon River fall chum salmon from samples collected in the Pilot Station test fishery. Accuracies in MSA simulations for 12 of 14 management regions exceeded 90%, with a range of 80-98%, for the 12 most informative loci. Stock composition estimates were within 10% of the actual proportions in a known-origin mixture analysis. Stock-specific abundance estimates, which were derived from combining the estimates of genetic stock composition of Pilot Station test fishery harvests with sonar abundance estimates, were concordant with upriver escapement data. The combination of genetic MSA using the baseline developed in this study and sonar abundance provides a viable tool for assessing stock strength and assisting managers in regulating fisheries to maintain the productivity and evolutionary potential of Yukon River chum salmon. C1 [Flannery, Blair G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Beacham, Terry D.; Candy, John R.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Mol Genet Lab, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Holder, Russell R.; Maschmann, Gerald F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Subsistence Fisheries Branch, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Kretschmer, Eric J.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Flannery, BG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM blair_flannery@fws.gov FU USFWS Office of Subsistence Management FX We thank Bruce McIntosh and Holly Carroll of the ADFG and the Pilot Station sonar test fishery crew for collecting the samples. We thank Khai Le and Michael Wetklo of the DFOC and Lynsey Luiten, Ora Schlei, and Jeffrey Bromaghin of the USFWS for assisting with laboratory and data analyses. The USFWS Office of Subsistence Management provided substantial support for this project through the Fisheries Resource Monitoring Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS and DFOC. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1324 EP 1338 DI 10.1577/M10-014.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 673MB UT WOS:000283666100021 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Ewing, TE AF Hackley, Paul C. Ewing, Thomas E. TI Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources, onshore Claiborne Group, United States part of the northern Gulf of Mexico Basin SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON GENERATION; LOWER TERTIARY; WILCOX GROUP; SOURCE ROCKS; LOUISIANA; PETROLEUM; GROWTH; TREND AB The middle Eocene Claiborne Group was assessed for undiscovered conventional hydrocarbon resources using established U.S. Geological Survey assessment methodology. This work was conducted as part of a 2007 assessment of Paleogene-Neogene strata of the northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, including the United States onshore and state waters (Dubiel et al., 2007). The assessed area is within the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary composite total petroleum system, which was defined for the assessment. Source rocks for Claiborne oil accumulations are interpreted to be organic-rich, downdip, shaley facies of the Wilcox Group and the Sparta Sand of the Claiborne Group; gas accumulations may have originated from multiple sources, including the Jurassic Smackover Formation and the Haynesville and Bossier shales, the Cretaceous Eagle Ford and Pearsall (?) formations, and the Paleogene Wilcox Group and Sparta Sand. Hydrocarbon generation in the basin started prior to deposition of Claiborne sediments and is currently ongoing. Primary reservoir sandstones in the Claiborne Group include, from oldest to youngest, the Queen City Sand, Cook Mountain Formation, Sparta Sand, Yegua Formation, and the laterally equivalent Cockfield Formation. A geologic model, supported by spatial analysis of petroleum geology data, including discovered reservoir depths, thicknesses, temperatures, porosities, permeabilities, and pressures, was used to divide the Claiborne Group into seven assessment units (AUs) with three distinctive structural and depositional settings. The three structural and depositional settings are (1) stable shelf, (2) expanded fault zone, and (3) slope and basin floor; the seven AUs are (1) lower Claiborne stable-shelf gas and oil, (2) lower Claiborne expanded fault-zone gas, (3) lower Claiborne slope and basin-floor gas, (4) lower Claiborne Cane River, (5) upper Claiborne stable-shelf gas and oil, (6) upper Claiborne expanded fault-zone gas, and (7) upper Claiborne slope and basin-floor gas. Based on Monte Carlo simulation of justified input parameters, the total estimated mean undiscovered conventional hydrocarbon resources in the seven AUs combined are 52 million bbl of oil, 19.145 tcf of natural gas, and 1.205 billion bbl of natural gas liquids. This article describes the conceptual geologic model used to define the seven Claiborne AUs, the characteristics of each AU, and the justification behind the input parameters used to estimate undiscovered resources for each AU. The great bulk of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources are predicted to be non-associated gas and natural gas liquids contained in deep (mostly >12,000-ft [3658 m], present-day drilling depths), overpressured, structurally complex outer shelf or slope and basin-floor Claiborne reservoirs. The continuing development of these downdip objectives is expected to be the primary focus of exploration activity for the onshore middle Eocene Gulf Coast in the coming decades. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ewing, Thomas E.] Yegua Energy Associates LLC, San Antonio, TX 78259 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov; tewing@fronteraexploration.com OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1607 EP 1636 DI 10.1306/04061009139 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 663EZ UT WOS:000282867100005 ER PT J AU Seilheimer, TS Fisher, WL AF Seilheimer, Titus S. Fisher, William L. TI Habitat Use by Fishes in Groundwater-Dependent Streams of Southern Oklahoma SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SPRINGS; FAUNA; MISSISSIPPI; PREFERENCE; ETHEOSTOMA; RIVERS; REGIME; CREEK AB Habitat use by fishes in groundwater-dependent ecosystems with springs and spring-fed creeks is not widely studied or well understood. We evaluated habitat use by three disjunct populations of fish species (Phoxinus erythrogaster, Nocomis asper and Etheostoma microperca) and, a widespread species, E. spectabile in spring-fed streams draining the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer of southern Oklahoma. Habitat preference for each species was classified based on depth, velocity, substrate and cover. Phoxinus erthyrogaster and N. asper were associated with pools with little cover, while E. microperca was found in heavily vegetated areas. Etheostoma spectabile used habitat in riffles with rapid velocity and large substrate types. We classified habitat selection and avoidance with Chesson's alpha and observed significant. differences in habitat use among species in the study sites. Overall differences in habitat use for P. erythrogaster among the three study sites were primarily related to differences in available habitat between springs. Our study provides vital ecological information about disjunct populations of groundwater-dependent fishes in an aquifer that is experiencing development pressure for water abstraction. C1 [Fisher, William L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Seilheimer, TS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. EM titus.seilheimer@gmail.com; william.fisher@cornell.edu RI Seilheimer, Titus/A-1035-2008 OI Seilheimer, Titus/0000-0002-1028-7821 FU Oklahoma Water Resource Board FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Oklahoma Water Resource Board for this project. Field assistance from J. Morel was vital to the completion of the study, in addition to the help of B. Bristow. Access to study sites was provided by the landowners (I. Bruno in Blue River and R. Oliver in Pennington Creek). We would also like to acknowledge the helpful comments from A. Echelle, C. Paukert, F. Gelwick and two anonymous reviewers. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Wildlife Management Institute and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 164 IS 2 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-164.2.201 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663WK UT WOS:000282920700003 ER PT J AU Tao, J Huggins, D Welker, G Dias, JR Ingersoll, CG Murowchick, JB AF Tao, J. Huggins, D. Welker, G. Dias, J. R. Ingersoll, C. G. Murowchick, J. B. TI Sediment Matrix Effects in Analysis of Pyrethroid Insecticides Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GRAND-CALUMET RIVER; NEWARK BAY ESTUARY; UNITED-STATES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; NEW-JERSEY; TOXICITY; PAHS; SOIL AB In the present study, we developed a gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry method for analyzing nine pyrethroid insecticides in sediment after accelerated solvent extraction and solid phase extraction cleanup. The operation was optimized, and negative chemical ionization was selected to improve analytical selectivity. The sediment matrix effects on qualification were evaluated, and matrix-matched standard solutions, along with the internal standard calibration, were used to reduce the matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement. The method detection limits were 0.68 to 1.43 mu g/kg dry weight (dw), and recoveries were 70.3 to 143.3%, 61.1 to 169.7%, and 65.7 to 118.8%, with relative SDs of 4.2% to 32.1%, 4.9 to 23.6%, and 1.5 to 23.3% at the spiked levels of 1.0, 5.0 and 20 mu g/kg dw, respectively. The method was also validated by measuring pyrethroids in field-contaminated sediment samples collected in central California and southern Illinois. C1 [Tao, J.] Water Serv Dept, Kansas City, MO 64130 USA. [Tao, J.; Murowchick, J. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geosci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Tao, J.; Dias, J. R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Huggins, D.] Univ Kansas, Cent Plains Ctr BioAssessment, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Welker, G.] US Environm Protect Agcy Reg 7, Environm Serv Sect, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. [Ingersoll, C. G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Tao, J (reprint author), Water Serv Dept, 4800 E 63rd St, Kansas City, MO 64130 USA. EM jing_tao@kcmo.org OI Murowchick, James/0000-0003-2987-0352 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 7, in Kansas City, Kansas; Geological Society of America; University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Graduate Studies and Women's Council FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 7, in Kansas City, Kansas, by a Geological Society of America Graduate Research Grant, and by the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Graduate Studies and Women's Council. We thank the Organic Chemistry Laboratory and the Nutrients Laboratory of EPA Region 7 for chemical analyses of sediment samples. Marchin Lawrence from the same agency is kindly acknowledged for coordinating laboratory work. Thanks are also due to Scott Ireland, with the EPA Great Lakes National Program Office, Venessa Madden, with EPA Region 7, and four other anonymous reviewers for their helpful review comments on this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 59 IS 3 BP 352 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9497-2 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 644KR UT WOS:000281376500002 PM 20390412 ER PT J AU Tao, J Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Dias, JR Murowchick, JB Welker, G Huggins, D AF Tao, J. Ingersoll, C. G. Kemble, N. E. Dias, J. R. Murowchick, J. B. Welker, G. Huggins, D. TI Sediment Contamination of Residential Streams in the Metropolitan Kansas City Area, USA: Part II. Whole-Sediment Toxicity to the Amphipod Hyalella azteca SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GRAND-CALUMET RIVER; QUALITY GUIDELINES; INDIANA AB This is the second part of a study that evaluates the influence of nonpoint sources on the sediment quality of five adjacent streams within the metropolitan Kansas City area, central United States. Physical, chemical, and toxicity data (Hyalella azteca 28-day whole-sediment toxicity test) for 29 samples collected in 2003 were used for this evaluation, and the potential causes for the toxic effects were explored. The sediments exhibited a low to moderate toxicity, with five samples identified as toxic to H. azteca. Metals did not likely cause the toxicity based on low concentrations of metals in the pore water and elevated concentrations of acid volatile sulfide in the sediments. Although individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) frequently exceeded effect-based sediment quality guidelines [probable effect concentrations (PECs)], only four of the samples had a PEC quotient (PEC-Q) for total PAHs over 1.0 and only one of these four samples was identified as toxic. For the mean PEC-Q for organochlorine compounds (chlordane, dieldrin, sum DDEs), 4 of the 12 samples with a mean PEC-Q above 1.0 were toxic and 4 of the 8 samples with a mean PEC-Q above 3.0 were toxic. Additionally, four of eight samples were toxic, with a mean PEC-Q above 1.0 based on metals, PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. The increase in the incidence of toxicity with the increase in the mean PEC-Q based on organochlorine pesticides or based on metals, PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides suggests that organochlorine pesticides might have contributed to the observed toxicity and that the use of a mean PEC-Q, rather than PEC-Qs for individual compounds, might be more informative in predicting toxic effects. Our study shows that stream sediments subject to predominant nonpoint sources contamination can be toxic and that many factors, including analysis of a full suite of PAHs and pesticides of both past and present urban applications and the origins of these organic compounds, are important to identify the causes of toxicity. C1 [Tao, J.; Dias, J. R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Ingersoll, C. G.; Kemble, N. E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Welker, G.] US Environm Protect Agcy Reg 7, Environm Serv Sect, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. [Huggins, D.] Univ Kansas, Cent Plains Ctr BioAssessment, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Tao, J.; Murowchick, J. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geosci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Tao, J (reprint author), Water Serv Dept, 4800 E 63rd St, Kansas City, MO 64130 USA. EM jing_tao@kcmo.org OI Murowchick, James/0000-0003-2987-0352 FU US Environmental Protection Agency-Region 7 in Kansas City, Kansas; Geological Society of America FX This study has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency-Region 7 in Kansas City, Kansas and by a Geological Society of America Graduate Research Grant. We would like to thank the members of the Toxicology Branch of the Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri for assistance in conducting the toxicity tests and measuring grain size. We thank the Organic Chemistry Laboratory and the Nutrients Laboratory of the EPA Region 7 for chemical analysis of whole-sediment samples. Marchin Lawrence from the same agency is kindly acknowledged for coordinating laboratory work. We are also grateful to Scott Ireland with the EPA Great Lakes National Program Office, Venessa Madden with the EPA Region 7, and four other anonymous reviewers for their constructive review comments on this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 59 IS 3 BP 370 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9498-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 644KR UT WOS:000281376500003 PM 20396875 ER PT J AU Van Hemert, C Handel, CM AF Van Hemert, Caroline Handel, Colleen M. TI BEAK DEFORMITIES IN NORTHWESTERN CROWS: EVIDENCE OF A MULTISPECIES EPIZOOTIC SO AUK LA English DT Article DE abnormality; Alaska; American Crow; avian keratin disorder; beak; British Columbia; Corvus brachyrhynchos; C. caurinus; deformity; emerging disease; keratin; Northwestern Crow; Pacific coast; Washington ID ABNORMALITIES; BIRDS AB Beak abnormalities are rare among adult birds and, typically, are not widespread in a given population, within a region, or across multiple species. A high concentration of beak deformities was recently documented in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and other resident avian species in Alaska. We describe a parallel condition in Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus) that signals the emergence of a multispecies epizootic. On the basis of 186 Northwestern Crows captured at six sites in Alaska during 2007 and 2008, we estimated the prevalence of beak deformities in adults to be 16.9 +/- 5.3%, the highest rate of gross deformities ever recorded in a wild bird population. Prevalence varied among sites and was as high as 36% on the Kenai Peninsula, which suggests possible epizootic clusters. We also documented beak abnormalities in an additional 148 Northwestern Crows in south-central and southeastern Alaska and in 64 crows near Vancouver, British Columbia, and Puget Sound, Washington, a region where both Northwestern Crows and American Crows (C. brachyrhynchos) occur. The increase in frequency and distribution of crows observed with abnormal beaks throughout the Pacific Northwest since the late 1990s indicates a geographic expansion of this problem. Affected crows exhibited elongated and often crossed beaks that were morphologically similar to deformities documented in Black-capped Chickadees and other species in Alaska over approximately the same period. Additional research is needed to determine the etiology and potential adverse effects on bird populations affected by this disorder. Received 21 May 2010, accepted 15 July 2010. C1 [Van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Van Hemert, Caroline] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Van Hemert, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cvanhemert@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; University of Alaska Foundation FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and the University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Memorial Bird Research Grant. We thank J. Terenzi and P. Farrell for their help in the field. L. Pajot provided assistance with capture efforts and genetic analyses. T. C. Comet shared drawings for trap designs. R. Ha shared data from Northwestern Crow captures in British Columbia. We would also like to acknowledge the many residents and birdwatchers who reported sightings and shared photographs of birds with abnormal beaks in their local communities. Thanks to T. O'Hara, D. O'Brien, S. Sharbaugh, and J. Blake for committee support from the University of Alaska Fairbanks. C. Benkman, P. Flint, S. Matsuoka, T. L. Tibbitts, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 746 EP 751 DI 10.1525/auk.2010.10132 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 679XZ UT WOS:000284195400001 ER PT J AU Draheim, HM Miller, MP Baird, P Haig, SM AF Draheim, Hope M. Miller, Mark P. Baird, Patricia Haig, Susan M. TI SUBSPECIFIC STATUS AND POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF LEAST TERNS (STERNULA ANTILLARUM) INFERRED BY MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES AND MICROSATELLITE DNA SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Least Tern; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; population structure; Sternula antillarum; subspecies ID COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SITE FIDELITY; CONSERVATION; DIFFERENTIATION; TESTS; CALIFORNIA; MARKERS; AMPLIFICATION; BOTTLENECKS; NEUTRALITY AB The taxonomic identity of endangered populations of the Least Tern (Sternula antillarum) has long been debated. Their current conservation status provides even more impetus to examine the taxonomic distinctness of these groups. We used rapidly evolving mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences (840 base pairs; n = 188) and microsatellite DNA data (7 loci; n = 417) to examine genetic structure within and among three subspecies that occur within the United States: California Least Tern (S. a. browni), Interior Least Tern (S. a. athalassos), and Eastern Least Tern (S. a. antillarum). Although significant genetic structure was observed among breeding populations from across the species' range, our data indicated little evidence of genetic structure within traditional subspecific groups. Isolation-by-distance analyses, however, identified subtle patterns that may reflect sex-specific differences in dispersal behavior. Our analyses likewise demonstrated little population subdivision among subspecific groups, which raises questions regarding the taxonomic status of traditionally defined subspecies. Our findings can therefore be used to consider a reevaluation of Least Tern subspecies by the American Ornithologists' Union's Committee on Taxonomy and Nomenclature. We further emphasize the need for studies of range-wide breeding-site fidelity and natal philopatry to better understand interpopulation movements of individuals throughout the annual cycle. Received 9 November 2009, accepted 30 March 2010. C1 [Draheim, Hope M.; Miller, Mark P.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Baird, Patricia] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 NR 75 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 807 EP 819 DI 10.1525/auk.2010.09222 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 679XZ UT WOS:000284195400009 ER PT J AU Handel, CM Pajot, LM Matsuoka, SM Van Hemert, C Terenzi, J Talbot, SL Mulcahy, DM Meteyer, CU Trust, KA AF Handel, Colleen M. Pajot, Lisa M. Matsuoka, Steven M. Van Hemert, Caroline Terenzi, John Talbot, Sandra L. Mulcahy, Daniel M. Meteyer, Carol U. Trust, Kimberly A. TI EPIZOOTIC OF BEAK DEFORMITIES AMONG WILD BIRDS IN ALASKA: AN EMERGING DISEASE IN NORTH AMERICA? SO AUK LA English DT Article DE abnormality; Alaska; avian keratin disorder; bill; Black-capped Chickadee; deformity; emerging disease; lesion; passerine; Poecile atricapillus ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES; NUTRITIONAL SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; TERNS HYDROPROGNE-CASPIA; UPPER GREAT-LAKES; DARWINS FINCHES; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; AQUATIC BIRDS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINATION; BILL DEFORMITIES AB The sudden appearance of a large cluster of animals with gross abnormalities may signal a significant change in an ecosystem. We describe an unusual concentration of beak deformities that appear to have arisen rapidly within Alaska and now extend southward along the Pacific Coast. In Alaska we have documented 2,160 Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and 435 individuals of 29 other species of birds, primarily during the past decade, with grossly overgrown and often crossed beaks. The annual prevalence of beak abnormalities among adult Black-capped Chickadees in south-central Alaska varied from 3.6% to 9.7% and averaged 6.5 +/- 0.5% between 1999 and 2008. Only 0.05 +/- 0.05% of nestlings and 0.3 +/- 0.2% of juveniles <6 months old had abnormal beaks, which suggests that this is either a latent developmental or an acquired condition. We documented 80 cases in which a Black-capped Chickadee captured with an apparently normal beak was subsequently recaptured with a beak abnormality and 8 cases in which a beak deformity was no longer detectable upon recapture. Necropsy and histopathology of a sample of affected individuals provided no conclusive evidence of the etiology of this condition. Deformities appear to affect primarily the keratin layer of the beak and may result from abnormally rapid growth of the rhamphotheca. Some affected birds also exhibited lesions in other keratinized tissues of the skin, legs, feet, claws, and feathers, which may represent a systemic disorder or secondary conditions. Additional studies are currently underway to determine diagnostic signs and the underlying cause of this avian keratin disorder. Received 29 April 2010, accepted 3 July 2010. C1 [Handel, Colleen M.; Pajot, Lisa M.; Matsuoka, Steven M.; Van Hemert, Caroline; Terenzi, John; Talbot, Sandra L.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Van Hemert, Caroline] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Trust, Kimberly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Handel, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cmhandel@usgs.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Anchorage Audubon Society FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Anchorage Audubon Society. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Numerous people assisted with this project, particularly R. M. Anthony, A. Brelsford, M. Cady, P. Cotter, N. Dau, C. Eldermire, T. Eskelin, B. Friest, C. Gill, K. Gill, R. Gill, Y. Gillies, L. Joswiak, C. Maack, E. Mather, T. Pajot, T. Parsons, J. Pearce, J. Pelayo, G. K. Sage, N. Senner, S. Sharbaugh, R. Song, M. Speirs, J. Stotts, J. Stout, S. Stroka, T. L. Tibbitts, A. Watts, D. Watts, and M. Watts. M. Pajot helped construct winter traps; W. Dwyer, M. Woods, and students at King Career Center constructed nest boxes. We thank B. Biss, T. Evans, G. Herben, R. Hoffman, and staff and students at Campbell Creek Science Center, Mirror Lake Middle School, Alaska Zoo, Mat-Su College, and Eagle River Nature Center for hosting winter banding efforts. Volunteers at Bird Treatment and Learning Center helped care for affected birds. D. Gibson, B. Johnson, L. Quakenbush, B. Seppi, and T. Swem shared banding and specimen records. R. Winckler and A. M. Johnson provided observations from Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Project FeederWatch. B. Dennerlein and S. Senner from Audubon Alaska, G. Matz from Anchorage Audubon, and R. Sinnott from Alaska Department of Fish and Game provided key liaisons with the public. C. M. Anderson, Falcon Research Group, generously shared observations and ideas about beak deformities in raptors. We thank R. Brannian and L. Sileo, National Wildlife Health Center, for necropsies, histopathology, and insights on disease. K. Smith, National Institutes of Health, shared advice on disease terminology. B. Cruz at Alaska Regional Hospital provided radiographs. We thank D. Derksen, A. Rappoport, and P. Johnson for support throughout this project. C. Benkman, R. Gill, M. Petersen, S. Sharbaugh, and an anonymous reviewer provided insightful suggestions to improve the manuscript. We are particularly grateful to members of the public who generously hosted nest-box studies and whose careful observations were essential to this research. This paper is dedicated to the memory of B. Doak, B. Dodge, and A. Watts. NR 113 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 882 EP 898 DI 10.1525/auk.2010.10111 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 679XZ UT WOS:000284195400016 ER PT J AU Cornell, KL Donovan, TM AF Cornell, Kerri L. Donovan, Therese M. TI SCALE-DEPENDENT MECHANISMS OF HABITAT SELECTION FOR A MIGRATORY PASSERINE: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Black-throated Blue Warbler; conspecific attraction; Dendroica caerulescens; habitat selection cues; landscape fragmentation; multiseason occupancy models ID THROATED BLUE WARBLERS; BREEDING-SITE SELECTION; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PUBLIC INFORMATION; SOCIAL INFORMATION; UNITED-STATES; BIRDS; SONGBIRD; FRAGMENTATION AB Habitat selection theory predicts that individuals choose breeding habitats that maximize fitness returns on the basis of indirect environmental cues at multiple spatial scales. We performed a 3-year field experiment to evaluate five alternative hypotheses regarding whether individuals choose breeding territories in heterogeneous landscapes on the basis of (1) shrub cover within a site, (2) forest land-cover pattern surrounding a site, (3) conspecific song cues during prebreeding settlement periods, (4) a combination of these factors, and (5) interactions among these factors. We tested hypotheses with playbacks of conspecific song across a gradient of landscape pattern and shrub density and evaluated changes in territory occupancy patterns in a forest-nesting passerine, the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens). Our results support the hypothesis that vegetation structure plays a primary role during presettlement periods in determining occupancy patterns in this species. Further, both occupancy rates and territory turnover were affected by an interaction between local shrub density and amount of forest in the surrounding landscape, but not by interactions between habitat cues and social cues. Although previous studies of this species in unfragmented landscapes found that social postbreeding song cues played a key role in determining territory settlement, our prebreeding playbacks were not associated with territory occupancy or turnover. Our results suggest that in heterogeneous landscapes during spring settlement, vegetation structure may be a more reliable signal of reproductive performance than the physical location of other individuals. Received 10 September 2009, accepted 27 April 2010. C1 [Cornell, Kerri L.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Cornell, KL (reprint author), Westminster Coll, Dept Biol, New Wilmington, PA 16172 USA. EM duerrkc@westminster.edu FU National Science Foundation; Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Vermont; Wildlife Management Institute FX This project was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, and U.S. Department of Agriculture McIntire Stennis fund. We especially thank J. Cornell and B. Cornell for their help and guidance with development and construction of the playback units. We thank R. T. Holmes, A. M. Strong, and F. R. Thompson for their comments on the manuscript. Finally, this project would not have been possible without the hard work and persistence of many field assistants. Use of trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the federal government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 899 EP 908 DI 10.1525/auk.2010.09171 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 679XZ UT WOS:000284195400017 ER PT J AU Crall, AW Newman, GJ Jarnevich, CS Stohlgren, TJ Waller, DM Graham, J AF Crall, Alycia W. Newman, Gregory J. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Waller, Donald M. Graham, Jim TI Improving and integrating data on invasive species collected by citizen scientists SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Citizen science; Shared databases; Data management; Data quality; Invasive species; Non-native species ID DANIELSEN ET-AL; TROPICAL BIODIVERSITY; SCIENCE PROJECT; VOLUNTEERS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE; PARTICIPATION; RESEARCHERS; DIVERSITY AB Limited resources make it difficult to effectively document, monitor, and control invasive species across large areas, resulting in large gaps in our knowledge of current and future invasion patterns. We surveyed 128 citizen science program coordinators and interviewed 15 of them to evaluate their potential role in filling these gaps. Many programs collect data on invasive species and are willing to contribute these data to public databases. Although resources for education and monitoring are readily available, groups generally lack tools to manage and analyze data. Potential users of these data also retain concerns over data quality. We discuss how to address these concerns about citizen scientist data and programs while preserving the advantages they afford. A unified yet flexible national citizen science program aimed at tracking invasive species location, abundance, and control efforts could be designed using centralized data sharing and management tools. Such a system could meet the needs of multiple stakeholders while allowing efficiencies of scale, greater standardization of methods, and improved data quality testing and sharing. Finally, we present a prototype for such a system (see www.citsci.org). C1 [Crall, Alycia W.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Newman, Gregory J.; Graham, Jim] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Waller, Donald M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Crall, Alycia W.; Newman, Gregory J.; Graham, Jim] Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Crall, AW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM crall@wisc.edu RI Graham, Jim/F-4195-2011 FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0636213]; USDA-NRI [2008-35320-18680] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number OCI-0636213. DW and ACW also acknowledge support from the USDA-NRI (CREES 51.9)-Weedy and Invasive Species Program (Project 2008-35320-18680). Logistical support was provided by the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University and the USGS Fort Collins Science Center. The authors would like to thank Alan Knox, Rachel Licker, Pete Nowak, Brendon Panke, Mark Renz, Jake Vander Zanden and three anonymous reviewers for providing edits to earlier drafts of this manuscript. We would like to especially thank all the citizen science organizations that participated in our survey and interview process. NR 43 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 109 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 10 BP 3419 EP 3428 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9740-9 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652CA UT WOS:000281977200005 ER PT J AU D'Elia, J McCarthy, S AF D'Elia, Jesse McCarthy, Scott TI Time Horizons and Extinction Risk in Endangered Species Categorization Systems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Endangered Species Act; extinction; foreseeable future; risk assessment ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; DECISION-ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY; ACT; IUCN; NORMATIVITY; VERTEBRATES; CRITERIA AB Assessing extinction risk is a fundamental issue in conservation biology. However, national and international legislation and the implementing regulations that establish categorization procedures often include vague definitions of analytic time horizons (e.g., the "foreseeable future"). Because there is no single framework for interpreting these vague terms, individual decisions are often made on a case-by-case basis. We examine how the lack of an a priori framework for assessing extinction risk over time can lead to capricious decisionmaking, which can in turn hinder biodiversity conservation and scientific credibility. We give recommendations for making more transparent and consistent categorization decisions with respect to time horizons and extinction risk. C1 [D'Elia, Jesse; McCarthy, Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [D'Elia, Jesse] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP D'Elia, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. EM jesse_delia@fws.gov; scott_mccarthy@fws.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2010 VL 60 IS 9 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.9.12 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 657NP UT WOS:000282419700012 ER PT J AU Hill, DP AF Hill, David P. TI Surface-Wave Potential for Triggering Tectonic (Nonvolcanic) Tremor SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EPISODIC TREMOR; PORE PRESSURE; SLIP; STRESSES; BENEATH AB Source processes commonly posed to explain instances of remote dynamic triggering of tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor by surface waves include frictional failure and various modes of fluid activation. The relative potential for Love- and Rayleigh-wave dynamic stresses to trigger tectonic tremor through failure on critically stressed thrust and vertical strike-slip faults under the Coulomb-Griffith failure criteria as a function of incidence angle is anticorrelated over the 15- to 30-km-depth range that hosts tectonic tremor. Love- wave potential is high for strike-parallel incidence on low-angle reverse faults and null for strike-normal incidence; the opposite holds for Rayleigh waves. Love- wave potential is high for both strike-parallel and strike-normal incidence on vertical, strike-slip faults and minimal for similar to 45 degrees incidence angles. The opposite holds for Rayleigh waves. This pattern is consistent with documented instances of tremor triggered by Love waves incident on the Cascadia megathrust and the San Andreas fault (SAF) in central California resulting from shear failure on weak faults (apparent friction, mu* <= 0.2). However, documented instances of tremor triggered by surface waves with strike-parallel incidence along the Nankai megathrust beneath Shikoku, Japan, is associated primarily with Rayleigh waves. This is consistent with the tremor bursts resulting from mixed-mode failure (crack opening and shear failure) facilitated by near-lithostatic ambient pore pressure, low differential stress, with a moderate friction coefficient (mu similar to 0.6) on the Nankai subduction interface. Rayleigh-wave dilatational stress is relatively weak at tectonic tremor source depths and seems unlikely to contribute significantly to the triggering process, except perhaps for an indirect role on the SAF in sustaining tremor into the Rayleigh-wave coda that was initially triggered by Love waves. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hill@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 1859 EP 1878 DI 10.1785/0120090362 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100002 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, JL Ellsworth, WL AF Rubinstein, Justin L. Ellsworth, William L. TI Precise Estimation of Repeating Earthquake Moment: Example from Parkfield, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA; FAULT; MICROEARTHQUAKES; RUPTURE; RATES AB We offer a new method for estimating the relative size of repeating earthquakes using the singular value decomposition (SVD). This method takes advantage of the highly coherent waveforms of repeating earthquakes and arrives at far more precise and accurate descriptions of earthquake size than standard catalog techniques allow. We demonstrate that uncertainty in relative moment estimates is reduced from +/- 75% for standard coda-duration techniques employed by the network to an uncertainty of +/- 6.6% when the SVD method is used. This implies that a single-station estimate of moment using the SVD method has far less uncertainty than the whole-network estimates of moment based on coda duration. The SVD method offers a significant improvement in our ability to describe the size of repeating earthquakes and thus an opportunity to better understand how they accommodate slip as a function of time. C1 [Rubinstein, Justin L.; Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rubinstein, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 1952 EP 1961 DI 10.1785/0120100007 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100008 ER PT J AU Lienkaemper, JJ Williams, PL Guilderson, TP AF Lienkaemper, James J. Williams, Patrick L. Guilderson, Thomas P. TI Evidence for a Twelfth Large Earthquake on the Southern Hayward Fault in the Past 1900 Years SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; C-14 DATA; CALIFORNIA; RECORD; MODEL; SLIP AB We present age and stratigraphic evidence for an additional paleoearthquake at the Tyson Lagoon site. The acquisition of 19 additional radiocarbon dates and the inclusion of this additional event has resolved a large age discrepancy in our earlier earthquake chronology. The age of event E10 was previously poorly constrained, thus increasing the uncertainty in the mean recurrence interval (RI), a critical factor in seismic hazard evaluation. Reinspection of many trench logs revealed substantial evidence suggesting that an additional earthquake occurred between E10 and E9 within unit u45. Strata in older u45 are faulted in the main fault zone and overlain by scarp colluviums in two locations. We conclude that an additional surface-rupturing event (E9.5) occurred between E9 and E10. Since 91 A. D. (+/- 40 yr, 1 sigma), 11 paleoearthquakes preceded the M 6: 8 earthquake in 1868, yielding a mean RI of 161 +/- 65 yr (1 sigma, standard deviation of recurrence intervals). However, the standard error of the mean (SEM) is well determined at +/- 10 yr. Since similar to 1300 A. D., the mean rate has increased slightly, but is indistinguishable from the overall rate within the uncertainties. Recurrence for the 12-event sequence seems fairly regular: the coefficient of variation is 0.40, and it yields a 30-yr earthquake probability of 29%. The apparent regularity in timing implied by this earthquake chronology lends support for the use of time-dependent renewal models rather than assuming a random process to forecast earthquakes, at least for the southern Hayward fault. C1 [Lienkaemper, James J.] US Geol Survey 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Williams, Patrick L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lienkaemper, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey 977, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlienk@usgs.gov FU USGS [9939-0KR02]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (9939-0KR02 and the 1868 Earthquake Commemoration Project) funded the investigation. Thanks to Tom Brocher, who enthusiastically supported the improved dating of event E10. We thank reviewers Suzanne Hecker, Tom Fumal, Kate Scharer, and Glenn Biasi for detailed and thoughtful reviews that greatly improved the paper. A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the US DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 2024 EP 2034 DI 10.1785/0120090129 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100014 ER PT J AU Graves, RW Pitarka, A AF Graves, Robert W. Pitarka, Arben TI Broadband Ground-Motion Simulation Using a Hybrid Approach SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC-RUPTURE MODELS; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; HIGH-FREQUENCY RADIATION; STRIKE-SLIP EARTHQUAKES; STOCHASTIC POINT-SOURCE; FAULT RUPTURE AB This paper describes refinements to the hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation methodology of Graves and Pitarka (2004), which combines a deterministic approach at low frequencies (f < 1 Hz) with a semistochastic approach at high frequencies (f > 1 Hz). In our approach, fault rupture is represented kinematically and incorporates spatial heterogeneity in slip, rupture speed, and rise time. The prescribed slip distribution is constrained to follow an inverse wavenumber-squared fall-off and the average rupture speed is set at 80% of the local shear-wave velocity, which is then adjusted such that the rupture propagates faster in regions of high slip and slower in regions of low slip. We use a Kostrov-like slip-rate function having a rise time proportional to the square root of slip, with the average rise time across the entire fault constrained empirically. Recent observations from large surface rupturing earthquakes indicate a reduction of rupture propagation speed and lengthening of rise time in the near surface, which we model by applying a 70% reduction of the rupture speed and increasing the rise time by a factor of 2 in a zone extending from the surface to a depth of 5 km. We demonstrate the fidelity of the technique by modeling the strong-motion recordings from the Imperial Valley, Loma Prieta, Landers, and Northridge earthquakes. C1 [Graves, Robert W.] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Pitarka, Arben] BAE Syst, Melbourne, FL 32934 USA. RP Graves, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM rwgraves@usgs.gov RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; pitarka, arben/K-5491-2014 FU USGS [05HQGR0070]; SCEC under NSF [EAR-0623704, OCI-0749313] FX Constructive reviews provided by Art McGarr and two anonymous reviewers were very helpful in revising the paper and making it acceptable for publication. Support for this work was provided by USGS under cooperative agreement 05HQGR0070 and by SCEC under NSF grants EAR-0623704 and OCI-0749313. The large-scale 3D finite-difference simulations were run at USC's Center for High Performance Computing and Communications (www.use.edu/hpcc, last accessed July 2010) under an agreement with the SCEC Community Modeling Environment project. This is SCEC contribution 1428. NR 76 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 26 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 2095 EP 2123 DI 10.1785/0120100057 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100018 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Ramirez-Guzman, L Carver, D Liu, PC AF Hartzell, Stephen Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo Carver, David Liu, Pengcheng TI Short Baseline Variations in Site Response and Wave-Propagation Effects and Their Structural Causes: Four Examples in and around the Santa Clara Valley, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; EDGE-INDUCED WAVES; SEDIMENT-FILLED VALLEYS; SEISMIC GROUND MOTION; DENSE ARRAY ANALYSIS; INDUCED LOVE WAVES; ZONE GUIDED-WAVES; FAULT-ZONE; ANDREAS FAULT; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY AB Ground motion records of local and regional events from a portable array are used to investigate the structural causes of variations in ground motion over distances of a few hundred meters to a few kilometers in the sedimentary basin environment of the Santa Clara Valley, California, and its margins. Arrays of portable seismic stations are used to target four study areas with different ground motion patterns: (1) an edge of the alluvial basin extending up onto a marginal ridge (Blossom Hill), (2) a Cenozoic basin with a nearly flat bottom (Cupertino Basin), (3) a long, narrow Cenozoic basin with a steep V profile (Evergreen Basin), and (4) a line perpendicular to the trace of the Hayward fault. Average peak velocities on Blossom Hill from local earthquakes are a factor of 2.5 times higher than nearby valley sites. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is used to conclude that the majority of the amplification is due to lower shear-wave velocities along a local fault zone (Shannon-Berrocal). Site amplification over the Cupertino Basin in the frequency band 0.5-4 Hz is generally low (less than 2.0 relative to a Mesozoic rock site) and spatially uniform. This response is attributed to the shallow, flat-bottomed shape of the basin and the uniform, flat-laying sedimentary fill. In contrast, site amplification in the Evergreen Basin generally exceeds 3.0 and is attributed to the deep, V-shaped geometry of the basin and younger sedimentary fill. 3D waveform modeling shows the elongated shape of the Evergreen Basin causes more efficient trapping of long-period waves for sources along the long axis of the basin. A low-velocity zone is postulated along the Hayward fault with a width between 100 and 200 m, based on elevated site response along the fault trace and 4.5-Hz fault zone guided waves on the horizontal components of stations near the fault. C1 [Hartzell, Stephen; Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo; Carver, David] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Liu, Pengcheng] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU National Science Foundation [TG-EAR090003] FX Russell Sell and Susan Rhea provided technical and logistical field support for the maintenance and moving of the seismic instrumentation used in this study. Arthur Frankel designed the configuration of the Blossom Hill array, with the impetus of looking for basin-edge surface waves, and shared in the design of the Cupertino Basin array. Carl Wentworth and Susan Rhea assisted with several figures. The manuscript was significantly improved by comments from Arthur Frankel, Robert Williams, and two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources provided by Pittsburg Supercomputing Center (PSC) under Grant Number TG-EAR090003. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 94 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 2264 EP 2286 DI 10.1785/0120090278 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100028 ER PT J AU Bonner, J Herrmann, R Benz, H AF Bonner, Jessie Herrmann, Robert Benz, Harley TI Variable-Period Surface-Wave Magnitudes: A Rapid and Robust Estimator of Seismic Moments SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TELESEISMIC DISTANCES; TIME-DOMAIN; M-S; PERFORMANCE; SCALE; BIAS AB We demonstrate that surface-wave magnitudes (M-s), measured at local, regional, and teleseismic distances, can be used as a rapid and robust estimator of seismic moment magnitude (M-w). We used the Russell (2006) variable-period surface-wave magnitude formula, henceforth called M-s(VMAX), to estimate the M-s for 165 North American events with 3.2 < M-w < 6.5 at distances ranging from 48 to 5268 km. Of the 7370 event-station pairs, more than half (4051) of the measurements were at distances less than 1000 km. M-w estimated from broadband waveform modeling (Herrmann et al., 2008) were regressed against M-s(VMAX). M-w can be estimated from M-s(VMAX) using the relationship: M-w = 1.91 + 0.66* M-s x (VMAX) for 2 < M-s < 6. The observed scatter of the M-w [M-s(VMAX)] with respect to M-w[Waveform Modeling] was approximately +/- 0.2 magnitude units (m.u). The residuals between M-w[M-s(VMAX)] and M-w[Waveform Modeling] show a significant focal mechanism effect, especially when strike-slip events are compared with other mechanisms. Validation testing of this method suggests that M-s(VMAX)-predicted M-w's can be estimated within minutes after the origin of an event and are typically within +/- 0.2 m.u: of the final M-w[Waveform Modeling]. While M-w estimated from M-s(VMAX) has a slightly higher variance than waveform modeling results, it can be measured on the first short-period surface-wave observed at a local or near-regional distance seismic station after a preliminary epicentral location has been formed. Therefore, it may be used to make rapid measurements of M-w, which are needed by government agencies for early warning systems. C1 [Bonner, Jessie] Weston Geophys Corp, Lufkin, TX 75904 USA. [Herrmann, Robert] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Benz, Harley] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, USGS CR RM GD, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bonner, J (reprint author), Weston Geophys Corp, 2603 Copeland St, Lufkin, TX 75904 USA. EM bonner@westongeophysical.com; rbh@eas.slu.edu; benz@usgs.gov FU Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [AC52-04NA25547]; National Earthquake Hazards Program [G09AP00078] FX We thank David Russell for his assistance with this collaboration and research. We also thank David Harkrider, Anastasia Stroujkova, Robert Shumway, and Michael Pasyanos for their input at various stages of the project. We greatly appreciate a review by Jim Dewey, who helped clear up several misconceptions we had regarding historical Ms research. We also appreciate additional reviews of the paper by Morgan Moschetti and other USGS researchers. We thank Silvia Castellaro for reviewing the paper and greatly improving the linear regression analyses. We thank Jim Lewkowicz for his continued support and thoughtfulness. Part of this research was funded under the auspices of the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. Delaware-AC52-04NA25547. Additional funding was provided through the National Earthquake Hazards Program, Award No. G09AP00078. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 2301 EP 2309 DI 10.1785/0120090388 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100031 ER PT J AU Pratt, TL Dolan, JF AF Pratt, Thomas L. Dolan, James F. TI Comment on "Near-Surface Location, Geometry, and Velocities of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, Los Angeles, California" by R. D. Catchings, G. Gandhok, M. R. Goldman, D. Okaya, M. J. Rymer, and G. W. Bawden SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEM C1 [Pratt, Thomas L.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dolan, James F.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Pratt, TL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tpratt@ocean.washington.edu; dolan@usc.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 2329 EP 2337 DI 10.1785/0120090142 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100035 ER PT J AU Catchings, RD Rymer, MJ Goldman, MR Gandhok, G Bawden, GW AF Catchings, R. D. Rymer, M. J. Goldman, M. R. Gandhok, G. Bawden, G. W. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Near-Surface Location, Geometry, and Velocities of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, Los Angeles, California' by R. D. Catchings, G. Gandhok, M. R. Goldman, D. Okaya, M. J. Rymer, and G. W. Bawden" by T. L. Pratt and J. F. Dolan SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLUMBIA PLATEAU; EARTHQUAKE; SENSITIVITY; WASHINGTON; MIGRATION; INSIGHTS; APERTURE; SYSTEM; IMAGE; AREA C1 [Catchings, R. D.; Rymer, M. J.; Goldman, M. R.; Gandhok, G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bawden, G. W.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM catching@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 2338 EP 2347 DI 10.1785/0120090335 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100036 ER PT J AU Spudich, P Fletcher, JB AF Spudich, Paul Fletcher, Jon B. TI Observation and Prediction of Dynamic Ground Strains, Tilts, and Torsions Caused by the M-w 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, Earthquake and Aftershocks, Derived from UPSAR Array Observations (vol 98, pg 1898, 2008) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 [Spudich, Paul; Fletcher, Jon B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Spudich, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM spudich@usgs.gov; jfletcher@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5A BP 2348 EP 2352 DI 10.1785/0120100138 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652KK UT WOS:000282005100037 ER PT J AU Chander, G Teillet, PM AF Chander, Gyanesh Teillet, Philippe M. TI Special issue Terrestrial reference standard test sites for postlaunch calibration Introduction SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Washington, DC 20242 USA. [Teillet, Philippe M.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Washington, DC 20242 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov; p.teillet@uleth.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 SI SI BP II EP IV PG 2 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V23QE UT WOS:000208356500001 ER PT J AU Teillet, PM Chander, G AF Teillet, P. M. Chander, G. TI Terrestrial reference standard sites for postlaunch sensor calibration SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB In an era when the number of Earth observation satellites is rapidly growing and measurements from satellite sensors are used to address increasingly urgent global issues, often through synergistic and operational combinations of data from multiple sources, it is imperative that scientists and decision-makers are able to rely on the accuracy of Earth observation data products. The characterization and calibration of these sensors, particularly their relative biases, are vital to the success of the developing integrated Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) for coordinated and sustained observations of the Earth. This can only reliably be achieved in the postlaunch environment through the careful use of observations by multiple sensor systems over common, well-characterized terrestrial targets (i.e., on or near the Earth's surface). Through greater access to and understanding of these vital reference standard sites and their use, the validity and utility of information gained from Earth remote sensing will continue to improve. This paper provides a brief overview of the use of reference standard sites for postlaunch sensor radiometric calibration from historical, current, and future perspectives. Emphasis is placed on optical sensors operating in the visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared spectral regions. C1 [Teillet, P. M.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Chander, G.] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Teillet, PM (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, 4401 Univ Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM p.teillet@uleth.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Alberta Ingenuity New Faculty Award; U.S. Geological Survey [08HQCN0005] FX The work reported in this paper was enabled by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (Teillet), an Alberta Ingenuity New Faculty Award (Teillet), and U.S. Geological Survey contract 08HQCN0005 (Chander). NR 192 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS & SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 EI 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 SI SI BP 437 EP 450 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V23QE UT WOS:000208356500002 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Uprety, S Xiong, J Wu, AS Jing, P Smith, D Chander, G Fox, N Ungar, S AF Cao, Changyong Uprety, Sirish Xiong, Jack Wu, Aisheng Jing, Ping Smith, David Chander, Gyanesh Fox, Nigel Ungar, Stephen TI Establishing the Antarctic Dome C community reference standard site towards consistent measurements from Earth observation satellites SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Establishing satellite measurement consistency by using common desert sites has become increasingly more important not only for climate change detection but also for quantitative retrievals of geophysical variables in satellite applications. Using the Antarctic Dome C site (75 degrees 06'S, 123 degrees 21'E, elevation 3.2 km) for satellite radiometric calibration and validation (Cal/Val) is of great interest owing to its unique location and characteristics. The site surface is covered with uniformly distributed permanent snow, and the atmospheric effect is small and relatively constant. In this study, the long-term stability and spectral characteristics of this site are evaluated using well-calibrated satellite instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). Preliminary results show that despite a few limitations, the site in general is stable in the long term, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model works well, and the site is most suitable for the Cal/Val of reflective solar bands in the 0.4-1.0 mu m range. It was found that for the past decade, the reflectivity change of the site is within 1.35% at 0.64 mu m, and interannual variability is within 2%. The site is able to resolve calibration biases between instruments at a level of similar to 1%. The usefulness of the site is demonstrated by comparing observations from seven satellite instruments involving four space agencies, including OrbView-2-SeaWiFS, Terra-Aqua MODIS, Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) - Hyperion, Meteorological Operational satellite programme (MetOp) - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Envisat Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) - dvanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Dome C is a promising candidate site for climate quality calibration of satellite radiometers towards more consistent satellite measurements, as part of the framework for climate change detection and data quality assurance for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Uprety, Sirish] Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc PSGS, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Xiong, Jack; Ungar, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 21771 USA. [Wu, Aisheng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Jing, Ping] IM Syst Grp Inc IMSG, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Smith, David] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Fox, Nigel] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 FU CEOS-WGCV Dome C project; NOAA NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research; NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) Integrated Program Office (IPO) FX This study is part of the CEOS-WGCV Dome C project during 2008-2009 in support of the CEOS Strategic Implementation Team (SIT) actions and the World Meteorological Organization - Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (WMO-GSICS). The study was partially funded by the NOAA NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) Integrated Program Office (IPO) - Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Cal/Val program, and the respective space agencies involved. The authors would like to thank Istvan Laszlo, Pubu Ciren, and Lawrence Flynn for fruitful discussions on the atmospheric effects at Dome C. We thank Pascal Lecomte, Philippe Goryl, and Marie-Claire Greening of ESA; Bruce Guenther, Heather Kilcoyne, and Ray Godin of the IPO; Greg Stenssas of USGS; Patrice Henry of CNES; Steve Mackin of DMC International Imaging (DMCII); Stephen Hudson of the University of Washington; Petya Campbell and Lawrence Ong of GSFC; and all participating CEOS-WGCV members for their facilitation and contributions to this study. We also thank Fangfang Yu, Frank Padula, Xiangqian Wu, and Bob Iacovazzi, and the anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable comments and suggestions. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US government. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 SI SI BP 498 EP 513 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V23QE UT WOS:000208356500007 ER PT J AU Mitrovich, MJ Matsuda, T Pease, KH Fisher, RN AF Mitrovich, Milan J. Matsuda, Tritia Pease, Krista H. Fisher, Robert N. TI Ants as a Measure of Effectiveness of Habitat Conservation Planning in Southern California SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ants; biodiversity; edge effect; habitat conservation planning; invasion; Linepithema humile; non-native species; southern California ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; INVASIVE ARGENTINE ANT; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; HORNED LIZARDS; COMMUNITIES; PLANS; BIODIVERSITY; MUTUALISM; PATTERNS; FRAGMENTATION AB In the United States multispecies habitat conservation plans were meant to be the solution to conflicts between economic development and protection of biological diversity. Although now widely applied, questions exist concerning the scientific credibility of the conservation planning process and effectiveness of the plans. We used ants to assess performance of one of the first regional conservation plans developed in the United States, the Orange County Central-Coastal Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP), in meeting its broader conservation objectives of biodiversity and ecosystem-level protection. We collected pitfall data on ants for over 3 years on 172 sites established across a network of conservation lands in coastal southern California. Although recovered native ant diversity for the study area was high, site-occupancy models indicated the invasive and ecologically disruptive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) was present at 29% of sites, and sites located within 200 m of urban and agricultural areas were more likely to have been invaded. Within invaded sites, native ants were largely displaced, and their median species richness declined by more than 60% compared with uninvaded sites. At the time of planning, 24% of the 15,133-ha reserve system established by Orange County NCCP fell within 200 m of an urban or agricultural edge. With complete build out of lands surrounding the reserve, the proportion of the reserve system vulnerable to invasion will grow to 44%. Our data indicate that simply protecting designated areas from development is not enough. If habitat conservation plans are to fulfill their conservation promise of ecosystem-level protection, a more-integrated and systematic approach to the process of habitat conservation planning is needed. C1 [Mitrovich, Milan J.; Matsuda, Tritia; Pease, Krista H.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Mitrovich, Milan J.] Nat Reserve Orange Cty, Irvine, CA 92168 USA. RP Mitrovich, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM mmitrovich@usgs.gov FU A. Lucero. Nature Reserve of Orange County; Nature Conservancy; California Department of Fish and Game; USGS; Chino Hills State Park; Mountain Recreation Conservation Authority FX For technical and logistical support in the field and lab, we thank A. Backlin, C. Brown, D. Clark, L. Gallegos, S. Hathaway, C. Rochester, S. Schuster, and T. Smith. For help in acquiring GIS resources, we thank A. Lucero. Nature Reserve of Orange County, The Nature Conservancy, California Department of Fish and Game, USGS, Chino Hills State Park, and Mountain Recreation Conservation Authority funded ant collections. For comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, we thank D. Holway, M. E. Mueller, J. Yee, and two anonymous reviewers. The use of trade, products, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1239 EP 1248 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01486.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654QQ UT WOS:000282183500011 PM 20337686 ER PT J AU Pilliod, DS Muths, E Scherer, RD Bartelt, PE Corn, PS Hossack, BR Lambert, BA Mccaffery, R Gaughan, C AF Pilliod, David S. Muths, Erin Scherer, Rick D. Bartelt, Paul E. Corn, Paul Stephen Hossack, Blake R. Lambert, Brad A. Mccaffery, Rebecca Gaughan, Christopher TI Effects of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus on Individual Survival Probability in Wild Boreal Toads SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian chytrid fungus; apparent survival; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bufo boreas; chytridiomycosis; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; mark-recapture; population decline; batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bufo boreas; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; declinacion poblacional; hongo quitridio anfibio; marca-recaptura; quitridiomicosis; supervivencia aparente ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; PATHOGEN BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; POPULATION DECLINES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MARKED ANIMALS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; FROGS; WIDESPREAD; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURES AB Chytridiomycosis is linked to the worldwide decline of amphibians, yet little is known about the demographic effects of the disease. We collected capture-recapture data on three populations of boreal toads (Bufo boreas [Bufo = Anaxyrus]) in the Rocky Mountains (U.S.A.). Two of the populations were infected with chytridiomycosis and one was not. We examined the effect of the presence of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]; the agent of chytridiomycosis) on survival probability and population growth rate. Toads that were infected with Bd had lower average annual survival probability than uninfected individuals at sites where Bd was detected, which suggests chytridiomycosis may reduce survival by 31-42% in wild boreal toads. Toads that were negative for Bd at infected sites had survival probabilities comparable to toads at the uninfected site. Evidence that environmental covariates (particularly cold temperatures during the breeding season) influenced toad survival was weak. The number of individuals in diseased populations declined by 5-7%/year over the 6 years of the study, whereas the uninfected population had comparatively stable population growth. Our data suggest that the presence of Bd in these toad populations is not causing rapid population declines. Rather, chytridiomycosis appears to be functioning as a low-level, chronic disease whereby some infected individuals survive but the overall population effects are still negative. Our results show that some amphibian populations may be coexisting with Bd and highlight the importance of quantitative assessments of survival in diseased animal populations. C1 [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Muths, Erin; Scherer, Rick D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Scherer, Rick D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bartelt, Paul E.] Waldorf Coll, Dept Biol, Forest City, IA 50436 USA. [Corn, Paul Stephen; Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.; Mccaffery, Rebecca] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lambert, Brad A.; Gaughan, Christopher] AECOM, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dpilliod@usgs.gov OI McCaffery, Rebecca/0000-0002-0396-0387 FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; The Colorado Division of Wildlife FX This study was made possible by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. The Colorado Division of Wildlife funded research at DC. We thank the field technicians who assisted with data collection. A. Yackel-Adams and J. Welty assisted with analysis and mapping. L. Bailey, M. Adams, and anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This work was conducted under scientific collecting permits issued by Colorado Division of Wildlife, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Lost Trail National Wildlife Refuge, and Wyoming Game and Fish. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 52 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1267 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01506.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654QQ UT WOS:000282183500013 PM 20412086 ER PT J AU Kery, M Royle, JA Schmid, H Schaub, M Volet, B Hafliger, G Zbinden, N AF Kery, Marc Royle, J. Andrew Schmid, Hans Schaub, Michael Volet, Bernard Haefliger, Guido Zbinden, Niklaus TI Site-Occupancy Distribution Modeling to Correct Population-Trend Estimates Derived from Opportunistic Observations SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity monitoring; checklist; citizen science; distribution; monitoring; occupancy; site-occupancy model; species-distribution model; population trend; WinBUGS; ciencia ciudadana; distribucion; lista de control; modelo de distribucion de especies; modelo de ocupacion de sitios; monitoreo; monitoreo de biodiversidad; tendencia poblacional; WinBUGS ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; IMPERFECT DETECTION; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; SPACE; TIME AB Species' assessments must frequently be derived from opportunistic observations made by volunteers (i.e., citizen scientists). Interpretation of the resulting data to estimate population trends is plagued with problems, including teasing apart genuine population trends from variations in observation effort. We devised a way to correct for annual variation in effort when estimating trends in occupancy (species distribution) from faunal or floral databases of opportunistic observations. First, for all surveyed sites, detection histories (i.e., strings of detection-nondetection records) are generated. Within-season replicate surveys provide information on the detectability of an occupied site. Detectability directly represents observation effort; hence, estimating detectablity means correcting for observation effort. Second, site-occupancy models are applied directly to the detection-history data set (i.e., without aggregation by site and year) to estimate detectability and species distribution (occupancy, i.e., the true proportion of sites where a species occurs). Site-occupancy models also provide unbiased estimators of components of distributional change (i.e., colonization and extinction rates). We illustrate our method with data from a large citizen-science project in Switzerland in which field ornithologists record opportunistic observations. We analyzed data collected on four species: the widespread Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) and the scarce Rock Thrush (Monticola saxatilis) and Wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria). Our method requires that all observed species are recorded. Detectability was < 1 and varied over the years. Simulations suggested some robustness, but we advocate recording complete species lists (checklists), rather than recording individual records of single species. The representation of observation effort with its effect on detectability provides a solution to the problem of differences in effort encountered when extracting trend information from haphazard observations. We expect our method is widely applicable for global biodiversity monitoring and modeling of species distributions. C1 [Schmid, Hans; Schaub, Michael; Volet, Bernard; Haefliger, Guido; Zbinden, Niklaus] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 35 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 10 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1397 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01479.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654QQ UT WOS:000282183500026 PM 20337672 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Parker, JM AF Oyler-McCance, S. J. Parker, J. M. TI A population genetic analysis of the midget faded rattlesnake in Wyoming SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Midget faded rattlesnake; Crotalus oreganus concolor; Microsatellites; Gene flow; Genetic diversity ID CROTALUS-OREGANUS-CONCOLOR; VIRIDIS-CONCOLOR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; WESTERN RATTLESNAKE; TIMBER RATTLESNAKE; BEHAVIOR; DNA; REGRESSION; VIPERIDAE; TREES AB Little is known about the population biology of midget faded rattlesnakes, a sensitive subspecies of the Western Rattlesnake, despite conservation efforts to protect them. We conducted a molecular genetic study of midget faded rattlesnakes in southwestern Wyoming to investigate population genetic structure in this area, particularly with reference to Flaming Gorge Reservoir and its associated human activities, and to document levels of genetic diversity. We genotyped 229 snakes from 11 sampling sites using 9 microsatellite loci. We found significant levels of genetic structure among sites that were better explained by geographic region and isolation by distance than by position relative to waterways. Sites on either side of the reservoir at its widest point were not significantly different. Six of the sites showed signatures of a population bottle-neck using an alpha value of 0.05. Three of these bottle-necked sites (the three most northern) were the most genetically distinct and occur in areas of greatest impact from human activity. C1 [Oyler-McCance, S. J.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Oyler-McCance, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Parker, J. M.] Coll So Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89146 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1623 EP 1629 DI 10.1007/s10592-009-0043-6 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 651EG UT WOS:000281907000003 ER PT J AU Whiteley, AR Hastings, K Wenburg, JK Frissell, CA Martin, JC Allendorf, FW AF Whiteley, Andrew R. Hastings, Kim Wenburg, John K. Frissell, Chris A. Martin, Jamie C. Allendorf, Fred W. TI Genetic variation and effective population size in isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Population structure; Isolated populations; Salmonid; Effective population size ID CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ISLAND POPULATIONS; SALMO-TRUTTA; MICROSATELLITE MUTATIONS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Following glacial recession in southeast Alaska, waterfalls created by isostatic rebound have isolated numerous replicate populations of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in short coastal streams. These replicate isolated populations offer an unusual opportunity to examine factors associated with the maintenance of genetic diversity. We used eight microsatellites to examine genetic variation within and differentiation among 12 population pairs sampled from above and below these natural migration barriers. Geological evidence indicated that the above-barrier populations have been isolated for 8,000-12,500 years. Genetic differentiation among below-barrier populations (F-ST = 0.10, 95% C. I. 0.08-0.12) was similar to a previous study of more southern populations of this species. Above-barrier populations were highly differentiated from adjacent below-barrier populations (mean pairwise F-ST = 0.28; SD 0.18) and multiple lines of evidence were consistent with asymmetric downstream gene flow that varied among streams. Each above-barrier population had reduced within-population genetic variation when compared to the adjacent below-barrier population. Within-population genetic diversity was significantly correlated with the amount of available habitat in above-barrier sites. Increased genetic differentiation of above-barrier populations with lower genetic diversity suggests that genetic drift has been the primary cause of genetic divergence. Long-term estimates of N-e based on loss of heterozygosity over the time since isolation were large (3,170; range 1,077-7,606) and established an upper limit for N-e if drift were the only evolutionary process responsible for loss of genetic diversity. However, it is likely that a combination of mutation, selection, and gene flow have also contributed to the genetic diversity of above-barrier populations. Contemporary above-barrier N-e estimates were much smaller than long-term N-e estimates, not correlated with within-population genetic diversity, and not consistent with the amount of genetic variation retained, given the approximate 10,000-year period of isolation. The populations isolated by waterfalls in this study that occur in larger stream networks have retained substantial genetic variation, which suggests that the amount of habitat in headwater streams is an important consideration for maintaining the evolutionary potential of isolated populations. C1 [Whiteley, Andrew R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hastings, Kim] Yosemite Natl Pk, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Frissell, Chris A.] Pacific Rivers Council, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Martin, Jamie C.; Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Whiteley, AR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM awhiteley@nrc.umass.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Alaska Region); Tongass National Forest; National Science Foundation [NSF-GRT-9553611, NSF-OISE-0601864] FX E. Tucker assisted with map creation and fieldwork. S. Friedman assisted with field collections. L. Chikhi provided the modified version of BAYESASS. We thank S. McCairns and N. Ryman for helpful discussions. Three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Alaska Region) and the Tongass National Forest. KH also received support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research and Training grant to the University of Montana (NSF-GRT-9553611 to P. Kukuk, C. Brewer and FWA). ARW was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF-OISE-0601864) during the preparation of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 85 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1929 EP 1943 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0083-y PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 651EG UT WOS:000281907000027 ER PT J AU Kalinowski, ST Muhlfeld, CC Guy, CS Cox, B AF Kalinowski, Steven T. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Guy, Christopher S. Cox, Benjamin TI Founding population size of an aquatic invasive species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Exotic species; Lake trout; Invasion; Bottleneck ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; LAKE TROUT; YELLOWSTONE LAKE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BULL TROUT; RAREFACTION AB Non-native species of fish threaten native fishes throughout North America, and in the Rocky Mountains, introduced populations of lake trout threaten native populations of bull trout. Effective management of lake trout and other exotic species require understanding the dynamics of invasion in order to either suppress non-native populations or to prevent their spread. In this study, we used microsatellite genetic data to estimate the number of lake trout that invaded a population of bull trout in Swan Lake, MT. Examination of genetic diversity and allele frequencies within the Swan Lake populations showed that most of the genes in the lake trout population are descended from two founders. This emphasizes the importance of preventing even a few lake trout from colonizing new territory. C1 [Kalinowski, Steven T.; Cox, Benjamin] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Kalinowski, ST (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM skalinowski@montana.edu FU Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks; National Science Foundation [DEB 0717456] FX Major funding for this work was provided by Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks. Partial funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0717456). We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2049 EP 2053 DI 10.1007/s10592-009-0041-8 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 651EG UT WOS:000281907000037 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Macdonald, RW Schuur, EAG Harden, JW Kuhry, P Hayes, DJ Christensen, TR Heimann, M AF McGuire, A. David Macdonald, Robie W. Schuur, Edward A. G. Harden, Jennifer W. Kuhry, Peter Hayes, Daniel J. Christensen, Torben R. Heimann, Martin TI The carbon budget of the northern cryosphere region SO CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Review ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FORESTS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CYCLE; SOIL; VULNERABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; FEEDBACK; DIOXIDE; FLUXES AB The northern cryosphere is undergoing substantial warming of permafrost and loss of sea ice. Release of stored carbon to the atmosphere in response to this change has the potential to affect the global climate system. Studies indicate that the northern cryosphere has been not only a substantial sink for atmospheric CO2 in recent decades, but also an important source of CH4 because of emissions from wetlands and lakes. Analyses suggest that the sensitivity of the carbon cycle of the region over the 21st Century is potentially large, but highly uncertain because numerous pathways of response will be affected by warming. Further research should focus on sensitive elements of the carbon cycle such as the consequences of increased fire disturbance, permafrost degradation, and sea ice loss in the northern cryosphere region. C1 [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Macdonald, Robie W.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kuhry, Peter] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Christensen, Torben R.] Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, Lund, Sweden. [Heimann, Martin] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM admcguire@alaska.edu RI Macdonald, Robie/A-7896-2012; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016 OI Macdonald, Robie/0000-0002-1141-8520; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113 FU National Science Foundation; International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks FX The development of this manuscript was supported, partly, by the National Science Foundation as part of the Circumpolar Synthesis and Integration Cooperative Agreement with the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-3435 EI 1877-3443 J9 CURR OPIN ENV SUST JI Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.05.003 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 675DE UT WOS:000283805300005 ER PT J AU Barnes, RT Raymond, PA AF Barnes, Rebecca T. Raymond, Peter A. TI Land-use controls on sources and processing of nitrate in small watersheds: insights from dual isotopic analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agricultural; Connecticut River Watershed; USA; nitrate-nitrogen; nitrate removal; nitrogen; stable isotopes; urbanization; watershed ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; FRESH-WATER; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE; NITROBACTER-AGILIS; DENITRIFIER METHOD; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NORTHEASTERN US AB Studies have repeatedly shown that agricultural and urban areas export considerably more nitrogen to streams than forested counterparts, yet it is difficult to identify and quantify nitrogen sources to streams due to complications associated with terrestrial and in-stream biogeochemical processes. In this study, we used the isotopic composition of nitrate (delta N-15-NO3 and delta O-18-NO3) in conjunction with a simple numerical model to examine the spatial and temporal variability of nitrate (NO3-) export across a land-use gradient and how agricultural and urban development affects net removal mechanisms. In an effort to isolate the effects of land use, we chose small headwater systems in close proximity to each other, limiting the variation in geology, surficial materials, and climate between sites. The delta N-15 and delta O-18 of stream NO3- varied significantly between urban, agricultural, and forested watersheds, indicating that nitrogen sources are the primary determinant of the delta N-15-NO3-, while the delta O-18-NO3- was found to reflect biogeochemical processes. The greatest NO3- concentrations corresponded with the highest stream delta N-15-NO3- values due to the enriched nature of two dominant anthropogenic sources, septic and manure, within the urban and agricultural watersheds, respectively. On average, net removal of the available NO3- pool within urban and agricultural catchments was estimated at 45%. The variation in the estimated net removal of NO3- from developed watersheds was related to both drainage area and the availability of organic carbon. The determination of differentiated isotopic land-use signatures and dominant seasonal mechanisms illustrates the usefulness of this approach in examining the sources and processing of excess nitrogen within headwater catchments. C1 [Barnes, Rebecca T.; Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Barnes, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM becca.barnes@gmail.com RI Barnes, Rebecca/A-2659-2011; Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009 OI Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860 FU EPA [FP91637501-1]; QLF/The Sound Conservancy FX We thank K. Casciotti for use of her lab for stable isotope analysis and help in developing the numerical model, M. McIlvin for help in processing our isotope samples, J. Saiers for programming assistance, and D. Burns and an anonymous reviewer for providing comments on earlier drafts. Assistance in the field was provided by J. Mullaney, K. Mull, D. Butman, D. Karwan, B. Feingold, M. Bozeman, and C. May. Funding for this work was provided by an EPA STAR Fellowship (FP91637501-1) and a grant from QLF/The Sound Conservancy to R. T. Barnes. NR 96 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1961 EP 1978 DI 10.1890/08-1328.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655UT UT WOS:000282278200016 PM 21049883 ER PT J AU Conway, CJ Nadeau, CP Piest, L AF Conway, Courtney J. Nadeau, Christopher P. Piest, Linden TI Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Colorado River; disturbance; emergent marsh; endangered species; habitat quality; habitat restoration; marsh birds; marsh succession; marshlands; prescribed fire; rails; wetlands ID COAST CHENIER PLAIN; POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; CALIFORNIA BLACK RAIL; SABLE SEASIDE-SPARROW; SALT LAKE MARSH; DETECTION PROBABILITY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT USE; RELATIVE-ABUNDANCE AB Large flood events were part of the historical disturbance regime within the lower basin of most large river systems around the world. Large flood events are now rare in the lower basins of most large river systems due to flood control structures. Endemic organisms that are adapted to this historical disturbance regime have become less abundant due to these dramatic changes in the hydrology and the resultant changes in vegetation structure. The Yuma Clapper Rail is a federally endangered bird that breeds in emergent marshes within the lower Colorado River basin in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. We evaluated whether prescribed fire could be used as a surrogate disturbance event to help restore historical conditions for the benefit of Yuma Clapper Rails and four sympatric marsh-dependent birds. We conducted call-broadcast surveys for marsh birds within burned and unburned (control) plots both pre- and post-burn. Fire increased the numbers of Yuma Clapper Rails and Virginia Rails, and did not affect the numbers of Black Rails, Soras, and Least Bitterns. We found no evidence that detection probability of any of the five species differed between burn and control plots. Our results suggest that prescribed fire can be used to set back succession of emergent marshlands and help mimic the natural disturbance regime in the lower Colorado River basin. Hence, prescribed fire can be used to help increase Yuma Clapper Rail populations without adversely affecting sympatric species. Implementing a coordinated long-term fire management plan within marshes of the lower Colorado River may allow regulatory agencies to remove the Yuma Clapper Rail from the endangered species list. C1 [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Piest, Linden] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@usgs.gov NR 97 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 10 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 7 BP 2024 EP 2035 DI 10.1890/09-1624.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655UT UT WOS:000282278200020 PM 21049887 ER PT J AU Richmond, OMW Hines, JE Beissinger, SR AF Richmond, Orien M. W. Hines, James E. Beissinger, Steven R. TI Two-species occupancy models: a new parameterization applied to co-occurrence of secretive rails SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Black Rail; detection probability; interspecific competition; Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus; Rallus limicola; species co-occurrence; two-species occupancy models; Virginia Rail ID CALIFORNIA BLACK RAILS; INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSION; SITE OCCUPANCY; COMPETITION; PROBABILITY; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; DENSITY; SPACE AB Two-species occupancy models that account for false absences provide a robust method for testing for evidence of competitive exclusion, but previous model parameterizations were inadequate for incorporating covariates. We present a new parameterization that is stable when covariates are included: the conditional two-species occupancy model, which can be used to examine alternative hypotheses for species' distribution patterns. This new model estimates the probability of occupancy for a subordinate species conditional upon the presence of a dominant species. It can also be used to test if the detection of either species differs when one or both species are present, and if detection of the subordinate species depends on the detection of the dominant species when both are present. We apply the model to test if the presence of the larger Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) affects probabilities of detection or occupancy of the smaller California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) in small freshwater marshes that range in size from 0.013 to 13.99 ha. We hypothesized that Black Rail occupancy should be lower in small marshes when Virginia Rails are present than when they are absent, because resources are presumably more limited and interference competition should increase. We found that Black Rail detection probability was unaffected by the detection of Virginia Rails, while, surprisingly, Black and Virginia Rail occupancy were positively associated even in small marshes. The average probability of Black Rail occupancy was higher when Virginia Rails were present (0.74 +/- 0.053, mean +/- SE) than when they were absent (0.36 +/- 0.069), and for both species occupancy increased with marsh size. Our results contrast with recent findings from patchy forest systems, where small birds were presumed to be excluded from small habitat patches by larger competitors. C1 [Richmond, Orien M. W.; Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hines, James E.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Richmond, OMW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM orien.richmond@gmail.com RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 FU UC-Davis Wildlife Health Center; California Department of Fish and Game Resource Assessment Program; Sacramento Audubon; Sierra Foothills Audubon; American Ornithologists' Union; Garden Club of America; American Museum of Natural History; California Agricultural Experiment Station; A. Starker Leopold Chair FX Our work was supported by grants from the UC-Davis Wildlife Health Center and California Department of Fish and Game Resource Assessment Program, Sacramento Audubon, Sierra Foothills Audubon, the American Ornithologists' Union, the Garden Club of America, the American Museum of Natural History, California Agricultural Experiment Station, and the A. Starker Leopold Chair. We thank Jerry Tecklin for project coordination, field assistance, and conceptual development. J. Eppley, R. Kohley, J. Rehm-Lorber, A. Robinson, and D. Schaefer provided field assistance. Reviews by P. Girard, L. Luiselli, J. Peralta, B. Risk, M. Tingley, S. Veran, J. Wang, and an anonymous reviewer improved this manuscript. We are especially grateful to the late Barry Garrison for his support of our work and assistance with transportation. We thank D. Whitmore, K. Christopherson, J. Drew, C. Harrison, and the staff at the Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center, especially C. Feddersen and D. Flavell, for logistical support. Finally, we thank the many private landowners who generously granted us access to conduct rail surveys. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 11 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 7 BP 2036 EP 2046 DI 10.1890/09-0470.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655UT UT WOS:000282278200021 PM 21049888 ER PT J AU Almberg, ES Cross, PC Smith, DW AF Almberg, Emily S. Cross, Paul C. Smith, Douglas W. TI Persistence of canine distemper virus in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem's carnivore community SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE canine distemper virus; Canis latrans; Canis lupus; critical community size; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; multi-host transmission; spatial connectivity; Yellowstone National Park, USA ID INFECTION AB Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an acute, highly immunizing pathogen that should require high densities and large populations of hosts for long-term persistence, yet CDV persists among terrestrial carnivores with small, patchily distributed groups. We used CDV in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem's (GYE) wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) as a case study for exploring how metapopulation structure, host demographics, and multi-host transmission affect the critical community size and spatial scale required for CDV persistence. We illustrate how host spatial connectivity and demographic turnover interact to affect both local epidemic dynamics, such as the length and variation in inter-epidemic periods, and pathogen persistence using stochastic, spatially explicit susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered simulation models. Given the apparent absence of other known persistence mechanisms (e. g., a carrier or environmental state, densely populated host, chronic infection, or a vector), we suggest that CDV requires either large spatial scales or multi-host transmission for persistence. Current GYE wolf populations are probably too small to support endemic CDV. Coyotes are a plausible reservoir host, but CDV would still require 50 000-100 000 individuals for moderate persistence (>50% over 10 years), which would equate to an area of 1-3 times the size of the GYE (60 000-200 000 km(2)). Coyotes, and carnivores in general, are not uniformly distributed; therefore, this is probably a gross underestimate of the spatial scale of CDV persistence. However, the presence of a second competent host species can greatly increase the probability of long-term CDV persistence at much smaller spatial scales. Although no management of CDV is currently recommended for the GYE, wolf managers in the region should expect periodic but unpredictable CDV-related population declines as often as every 2-5 years. Awareness and monitoring of such outbreaks will allow corresponding adjustments in management activities such as regulated public harvest, creating a smooth transition to state wolf management and conservation after >30 years of being protected by the Endangered Species Act. C1 [Almberg, Emily S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Management, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Almberg, Emily S.; Smith, Douglas W.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Wolf Project, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] USGS No Rocky Mt Res Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Almberg, ES (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Management, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM almb0001@umn.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0613730]; U. S. Geological Survey; Yellowstone Wildlife Health Program; University of Minnesota FX The authors thank the Yellowstone National Park Wolf Project and Robert Crabtree and Jennifer Sheldon of the Yellowstone Ecological Research Center for their empirical wolf and coyote data on which our theoretical simulations were based. We also thank L. David Mech, David Andersen, Randall Singer, Ed Bangs, PJ White, Mike Ebinger, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful discussions and comments on early versions of this manuscript. We also thank Bill Layton and the Montana State Livestock Diagnostic Laboratory for access to their canine distemper records. Funding was provided by an anonymous donor to the University of Minnesota Foundation, the Yellowstone Park Foundation, National Park Service, National Science Foundation (DEB-0613730), U. S. Geological Survey, Yellowstone Wildlife Health Program, Annie Graham, Frank and Kay Yeager, Malinda and Yvon Chouinard, and the University of Minnesota's Thesis Research Grant. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 7 BP 2058 EP 2074 DI 10.1890/09-1225.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655UT UT WOS:000282278200023 PM 21049890 ER PT J AU Hunter, CM Caswell, H Runge, MC Regehr, EV Amstrup, SC Stirling, I AF Hunter, Christine M. Caswell, Hal Runge, Michael C. Regehr, Eric V. Amstrup, Steve C. Stirling, Ian TI Climate change threatens polar bear populations: a stochastic demographic analysis SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; demography; IPCC; LTRE analysis; matrix population models; polar bear; sea ice; stochastic growth rate; stochastic models; Ursus maritimus ID SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; ICE; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; MODELS; ALASKA; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) depends on sea ice for feeding, breeding, and movement. Significant reductions in Arctic sea ice are forecast to continue because of climate warming. We evaluated the impacts of climate change on polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea by means of a demographic analysis, combining deterministic, stochastic, environment-dependent matrix population models with forecasts of future sea ice conditions from IPCC general circulation models (GCMs). The matrix population models classified individuals by age and breeding status; mothers and dependent cubs were treated as units. Parameter estimates were obtained from a capture-recapture study conducted from 2001 to 2006. Candidate statistical models allowed vital rates to vary with time and as functions of a sea ice covariate. Model averaging was used to produce the vital rate estimates, and a parametric bootstrap procedure was used to quantify model selection and parameter estimation uncertainty. Deterministic models projected population growth in years with more extensive ice coverage (2001-2003) and population decline in years with less ice coverage (2004-2005). LTRE (life table response experiment) analysis showed that the reduction in lambda in years with low sea ice was due primarily to reduced adult female survival, and secondarily to reduced breeding. A stochastic model with two environmental states, good and poor sea ice conditions, projected a declining stochastic growth rate, log lambda(s), as the frequency of poor ice years increased. The observed frequency of poor ice years since 1979 would imply log lambda(s) approximate to -0.01, which agrees with available (albeit crude) observations of population size. The stochastic model was linked to a set of 10 GCMs compiled by the IPCC; the models were chosen for their ability to reproduce historical observations of sea ice and were forced with "business as usual" (A1B) greenhouse gas emissions. The resulting stochastic population projections showed drastic declines in the polar bear population by the end of the 21st century. These projections were instrumental in the decision to list the polar bear as a threatened species under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. C1 [Hunter, Christine M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Caswell, Hal] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Biol Dept MS 34, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Regehr, Eric V.; Amstrup, Steve C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. RP Hunter, CM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM christine.hunter@alaska.edu RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011; OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Caswell, Hal/0000-0003-4394-6894 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [DEB-0343820, DEB-0816514]; NOAA; Ocean Life Institute at WHOI; Arctic Research Initiative at WHOI; Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks; Canadian Wildlife Service; Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Government of the Northwest Territories; Polar Continental Shelf Project, Ottawa, Canada FX We acknowledge primary funding for model development and analysis from the U.S. Geological Survey and additional funding from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0343820 and DEB-0816514), NOAA, the Ocean Life Institute and the Arctic Research Initiative at WHOI, and the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks. Funding for the capture-recapture effort in 2001-2006 was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey, the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Government of the Northwest Territories, and the Polar Continental Shelf Project, Ottawa, Canada. We thank G. S. York, K. S. Simac, M. Lockhart, C. Kirk, K. Knott, E. Richardson, A. E. Derocher, and D. Andriashek for assistance in the field. D. Douglas and G. Durner assisted with analyses of radiotelemetry and remote sensing sea ice data. We thank J. Nichols, M. Udevitz, E. Cooch, and J.-D. Lebreton for helpful comments and discussions. NR 63 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 47 U2 369 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 91 IS 10 BP 2883 EP 2897 DI 10.1890/09-1641.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 660PE UT WOS:000282654700008 PM 21058549 ER PT J AU Schemmel, E Dunham, J AF Schemmel, Eva Dunham, Jason TI Threatened fishes of the world: Salvelinus confluentus (Salmoninae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Salvelinus confluentus; Salmoninae; North America; Conservation ID BULL TROUT; DOLLY-VARDEN; MALMA; NORTHWEST; MONTANA; ECOLOGY; RANGE C1 [Schemmel, Eva] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schemmel, E (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eschemmel@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 2010 VL 89 IS 2 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9708-8 PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 648UE UT WOS:000281719000006 ER PT J AU Loperfido, JV Beyer, P Just, CL Schnoor, JL AF Loperfido, J. V. Beyer, Pieter Just, Craig L. Schnoor, Jerald L. TI Uses and Biases of Volunteer Water Quality Data SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PHOSPHORUS; NETWORKS; HYPOXIA; STREAMS; NITRATE; EXPORT; LIMITS AB State water quality monitoring has been augmented by volunteer monitoring programs throughout the United States. Although a significant effort has been put forth by volunteers, questions remain as to whether volunteer data are accurate and can be used by regulators. In this study, typical volunteer water quality measurements from laboratory and environmental samples in Iowa were analyzed for error and bias. Volunteer measurements of nitrate+nitrite were significantly lower (about 2-fold) than concentrations determined via standard methods in both laboratory-prepared and environmental samples. Total reactive phosphorus concentrations analyzed by volunteers were similar to measurements determined via standard methods in laboratory-prepared samples and environmental samples, but were statistically lower than the actual concentration in four of the five laboratory-prepared samples. Volunteer water quality measurements were successful in identifying and classifying most of the waters which violate United States Environmental Protection Agency recommended water quality criteria for total nitrogen (66%) and for total phosphorus (52%) with the accuracy improving when accounting for error and biases in the volunteer data. An understanding of the error and bias in volunteer water quality measurements can allow regulators to incorporate volunteer water quality data into total maximum daily load planning or state water quality reporting. C1 [Loperfido, J. V.; Just, Craig L.; Schnoor, Jerald L.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Beyer, Pieter] PG Environm LLC, Golden, CO USA. [Loperfido, J. V.; Just, Craig L.; Schnoor, Jerald L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Loperfido, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM jloperfido@usgs.gov RI Just, Craig/J-4207-2012 FU WATERS Network Project Office; Iowa Water Center, Iowa State University FX This work was supported by the WATERS Network Project Office Phase II (under subcontract with the University of California Santa Barbara) and a research grant from the Iowa Water Center, Iowa State University. P.B. was additionally supported by the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research at the University of Iowa. We thank Drs. Mary Skopec and Patrick O' Shaughnessy for helpful discussions and the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We appreciate the leadership in the environmental field of William (Bill) Glaze and we dedicate this article to him. J.L.S. has been fortunate to work closely with Bill for 20 years on Environmental Science & Technology. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7193 EP 7199 DI 10.1021/es100164c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700007 PM 20540530 ER PT J AU Graham, JL Loftin, KA Meyer, MT Ziegler, AC AF Graham, Jennifer L. Loftin, Keith A. Meyer, Michael T. Ziegler, Andrew C. TI Cyanotoxin Mixtures and Taste-and-Odor Compounds in Cyanobacterial Blooms from the Midwestern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANATOXIN-A; HUMAN HEALTH; TOXINS; LAKES; MICROCYSTINS; RESERVOIRS; WATERS; CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN; IMMUNOASSAY AB The mixtures of toxins and taste-and-odor compounds present during cyanobacterial blooms are not well characterized and of particular concern when evaluating potential human health risks. Cyanobacterial blooms were sampled in twenty-three Midwestern United States lakes and analyzed for community composition, thirteen cyanotoxins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassay, and two taste-and-odor compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis and/or Microcystis were dominant in most (96%) blooms, but community composition was not strongly correlated with toxin and taste-and-odor occurrence. Microcystins occurred in all blooms. Total microcystin concentrations measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassay were linearly related (r(s) = 0.76, p < 0.01) and LC/MS/MS concentrations were lower than or similar to ELISA in most (85%) samples. Geosmin (87%), 2-methylisoborneol (39%), anatoxin-a (30%), saxitoxins (17%), cylindrospermopsins (9%), and nodularin-R (9%) also were present in these blooms. Multiple classes of cyanotoxins occurred in 48% of blooms and 95% had multiple microcystin variants. Toxins and taste-and-odor compounds frequently co-occurred (91% of blooms), indicating odor may serve as a warning that cyanotoxins likely are present. However, toxins occurred more frequently than taste-and-odor compounds, so odor alone does not provide sufficient warning to ensure human-health protection. C1 [Graham, Jennifer L.; Loftin, Keith A.; Meyer, Michael T.; Ziegler, Andrew C.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Graham, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM jlgraham@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU USGS FX We thank Kathy Echols and Barry Rosen, USGS, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable input that improved the quality of this paper. Funding was partially provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only anti does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 7 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7361 EP 7368 DI 10.1021/es1008938 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700032 PM 20831209 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR Graczyk, DJ Geis, SW Booth, NL Richards, KD AF Corsi, Steven R. Graczyk, David J. Geis, Steven W. Booth, Nathaniel L. Richards, Kevin D. TI A Fresh Look at Road Salt: Aquatic Toxicity and Water-Quality Impacts on Local, Regional, and National Scales SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEICING SALT; STREAMS; URBANIZATION; HABITAT AB A new perspective on the severity of aquatic toxicity impact of road salt was gained by a focused research effort directed at winter runoff periods. Dramatic impacts were observed on local, regional, and national scales. Locally, samples from 7 of 13 Milwaukee, Wisconsin area streams exhibited toxicity in Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas bioassays during road-salt runoff. Another Milwaukee stream was sampled from 1996 to 2008 with 72% of 37 samples exhibiting toxicity in chronic bioassays and 43% in acute bioassays. The maximum chloride concentration was 7730 mg/L Regionally, in southeast Wisconsin, continuous specific conductance was monitored as a chloride surrogate in 11 watersheds with urban land use from 6.0 to 100%. Elevated specific conductance was observed between November and April at all sites, with continuing effects between May and October at sites with the highest specific conductance. Specific conductance was measured as high as 30 800 mu S/cm (Cl = 11 200 mg/L). Chloride concentrations exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acute (860 mg/L) and chronic (230 mg/L) water-quality criteria at 55 and 100% of monitored sites, respectively. Nationally, U.S. Geological Survey historical data were examined for 13 northern and 4 southern metropolitan areas. Chloride concentrations exceeded USEPA water-quality criteria at 55% (chronic) and 25% (acute) of the 168 monitoring locations in northern metropolitan areas from November to April. Only 16% (chronic) and 1% (acute) of sites exceeded criteria from May to October. At southern sites, very few samples exceeded chronic water-quality criteria, and no samples exceeded acute criteria. C1 [Corsi, Steven R.; Graczyk, David J.; Booth, Nathaniel L.; Richards, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Geis, Steven W.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov FU Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District; General Mitchell International Airport; U.S. Geological Survey FX Support for this research was provided by Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, General Mitchell International Airport, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the biomonitoring and inorganic chemistry units of the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and many people in the U.S. Geological Survey for their contributions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7376 EP 7382 DI 10.1021/es101333u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700034 PM 20806974 ER PT J AU French, JB Bennett, RS Rossmann, R AF French, John B., Jr. Bennett, Richard S. Rossmann, Ronald TI MERCURY IN THE BLOOD AND EGGS OF AMERICAN KESTRELS FED METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Blood; Eggs; Kestrel ID REPRODUCTION AB American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride (MeHg) at 0, 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, or 5.0 mu g/g (dry wt) starting approximately eight weeks before the onset of egg laying. Dietary treatment was terminated after 12 to 14 weeks, and unhatched eggs were collected for Hg analysis. Blood samples were collected after four weeks of treatment and the termination of the study (i.e., 12-14 weeks of treatment). Clutch size decreased at dietary concentrations above 2.8 mu g/g. The average total mercury concentration in clutches of eggs and in the second egg laid (i.e., egg B) increased linearly with dietary concentration. Mercury concentrations in egg B were approximately 25% lower than in the first egg laid and similar in concentration to the third egg laid. Mercury concentrations in whole blood and plasma also increased linearly with dietary concentration. Total Hg concentrations in June blood samples were lower than those in April, despite 8 to 10 weeks of additional dietary exposure to MeHg in the diet. This is likely because of excretion of Hg into growing flight feathers beginning shortly after the start of egg production. The strongest relationships between Hg concentrations in blood and eggs occurred when we used blood samples collected in April before egg laying and feather molt. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2206-2210. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [French, John B., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bennett, Richard S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP French, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jbfrench@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW-14-93908001-1] FX The authors thank Dawn Graham, Wayne Bauer, Kristin Schlansker, and Kim Weersing for help with husbandry and data collection. Gary Heinz, David Hoffman. Keith Sappington, and John Nichols provided useful discussion and input throughout the study. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement DW-14-93908001-1. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency. The mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2206 EP 2210 DI 10.1002/etc.284 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 658FV UT WOS:000282476800012 PM 20872683 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Dummer, PM AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Dummer, Paul M. TI PATTERNS OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN EGGS OF AN INSECTIVOROUS, AN OMNIVOROUS, AND A PISCIVOROUS BIRD NESTING ON THE HUDSON RIVER, NEW YORK, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Belted kingfishers; Dioxins; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Spotted sandpipers; Tree swallows ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TREE SWALLOWS; HOUSATONIC RIVER; GREEN BAY; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON; CADDISFLY LARVAE; MIGRATORY BIRDS; FOX RIVER AB Belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon), spotted sandpiper (Actin's macularia), and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs were collected in 2004 from the upper Hudson River, New York, USA. This area is one of the most polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)contaminated locations in North America. Multivariate analyses indicated among species differences in the concentration and composition of PCB congeners, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), and dibenzofuran (PCDF, PCDD-F when combined with PCDDs) congeners, and chlorinated pesticides. Total PCB concentrations followed the typical food chain biomagnification paradigm of higher concentrations in piscivorous bird eggs and lower concentrations in eggs of species that feed at lower trophic levels. Concentrations in the insectivorous swallows (geometric mean = 6.8 mu g/g wet wt) were approximately half the concentrations present in the piscivorous kingfisher (11.7 mu g/g) or omnivorous sandpiper (12.6 mu g/g). In contrast, PCB toxic equivalents (TEQs) were higher in swallows (1,790 pg/g wet wt) than in either kingfishers (776 pg/g) or sandpipers (881 pg/g). This difference can be mainly attributed to higher PCB77 concentrations in swallows relative to the other two species. Also contrary to the accepted food-chain paradigm, the sum of PCDD-F concentrations and the sum of their TEQs were higher in swallows than in either sandpipers or kingfishers. Metabolic pathway differences in the respective food chains of the three species probably accounted for the differences observed in PCB TEQ, total PCDD-F, and PCDD-F TEQ concentrations among species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2286-2296. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.; Dummer, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 FU New York Department of Environmental Conservation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank New York Department of Environmental Conservation and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for collecting permits and funding; New York Canal Corporation for allowing its to have swallow boxes on their properties and for the many private individuals who granted us access to check on sandpiper and kingfisher nests; Daniel Albano for teaching us about digging out kingfisher nests; Christopher Balk, Michael Clark, Steve Houdek, Anna Karolyshyn, Christopher Pollentier, Ryan Pottinger, Kathy Schneider, Amanda Stein, Matthew Stuber, Shawn Weick, and Will Yandik for field assistance; Paul Dummer for both field assistance and data summarization; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cortland, New York, and Saratoga National Historical Park for logistical support; and John E. Elliott and Kevin P. Kenow for comments on earlier drafts of the article. Any opinions presented are those of the principal investigators and are not the position of the U.S. Government or the Hudson River Trustees. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 29 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2286 EP 2296 DI 10.1002/276 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 658FV UT WOS:000282476800022 PM 20872693 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Lessard, VC Spaeth, KE Shaver, PL Dayton, RS Pyke, DA Jolley, L Goebel, JJ AF Herrick, Jeffrey E. Lessard, Veronica C. Spaeth, Kenneth E. Shaver, Patrick L. Dayton, Robert S. Pyke, David A. Jolley, Leonard Goebel, J. Jeffery TI National ecosystem assessments supported by scientific and local knowledge SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID RESOURCES INVENTORY; RANGELAND HEALTH; LAND DEGRADATION; TREND ANALYSIS; DESERTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; DYNAMICS; SCIENCE; DESIGN AB An understanding of the extent of land degradation and recovery is necessary to guide land-use policy and management, yet currently available land-quality assessments are widely known to be inadequate. Here, we present the results of the first statistically based application of a new approach to national assessments that integrates scientific and local knowledge. Qualitative observations completed at over 10 000 plots in the United States showed that while soil degradation remains an issue, loss of biotic integrity is more wide-spread. Quantitative soil and vegetation data collected at the same locations support the assessments and serve as a baseline for monitoring the effectiveness of policy and management initiatives, including responses to climate change. These results provide the information necessary to support strategic decisions by land managers and policy makers. C1 [Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Lessard, Veronica C.; Dayton, Robert S.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv NRCS, Resources Inventory & Assessment Div, Ames, IA USA. [Spaeth, Kenneth E.] USDA NRCS, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Shaver, Patrick L.] USDA NRCS, W Natl Technol Support Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jolley, Leonard; Goebel, J. Jeffery] USDA NRCS, Resource Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 44 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 8 IS 8 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1890/100017 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 660PL UT WOS:000282655500012 ER PT J AU Field, JP Belnap, J Breshears, DD Neff, JC Okin, GS Whicker, JJ Painter, TH Ravi, S Reheis, MC Reynolds, RL AF Field, Jason P. Belnap, Jayne Breshears, David D. Neff, Jason C. Okin, Gregory S. Whicker, Jeffrey J. Painter, Thomas H. Ravi, Sujith Reheis, Marith C. Reynolds, Richard L. TI The ecology of dust SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID WIND EROSION; DESERT GRASSLAND; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; SOIL; USA; PARTICLES; NUTRIENTS; CLIMATE; CONSEQUENCES AB Wind erosion and associated dust emissions play a fundamental role in many ecological processes and provide important biogeochemical connectivity at scales ranging from individual plants up to the entire globe. Yet, most ecological studies do not explicitly consider dust-driven processes, perhaps because most relevant research on aeolian (wind-driven) processes has been presented in a geosciences rather than an ecological context. To bridge this disciplinary gap, we provide a general overview of the ecological importance of dust, examine complex interactions between wind erosion and ecosystem dynamics from the scale of plants and surrounding space to regional and global scales, and highlight specific examples of how disturbance affects these interactions and their consequences. It is likely that changes in climate and intensification of land use will lead to increased dust production from many drylands. To address these issues, environmental scientists, land managers, and policy makers need to consider wind erosion and dust emissions more explicitly in resource management decisions. C1 [Field, Jason P.; Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Whicker, Jeffrey J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Programs, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Snow Opt Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Ravi, Sujith] Univ Arizona, UA Biosphere 2, Earthsci B2, Tucson, AZ USA. [Reheis, Marith C.; Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Field, JP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jpfield@email.arizona.edu RI Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008; Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; OI Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373; NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537 FU US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) [2005-38420-15809]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0816162, DEB-0618210, DEB-0823205, EAR-072021]; US Geological Survey FX We thank KA Ferguson, DJ Law, CJ Perry, and SL Phillips for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES 2005-38420-15809), the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB-0816162, DEB-0618210, DEB-0823205, EAR-072021), and the Global Change Program of the US Geological Survey. NR 55 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 10 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 8 IS 8 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1890/090050 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 660PL UT WOS:000282655500015 ER PT J AU Roy, M Martin, JB Cherrier, J Cable, JE Smith, CG AF Roy, Moutusi Martin, Jonathan B. Cherrier, Jennifer Cable, Jaye E. Smith, Christopher G. TI Influence of sea level rise on iron diagenesis in an east Florida subterranean estuary SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; PORE-WATER; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; DISSOLVED IRON; ORGANIC-MATTER; WAQUOIT BAY; OCEAN; TRANSPORT; CARBON; PRECIPITATION AB Subterranean estuary occupies the transition zone between hypoxic fresh groundwater and oxic seawater, and between terrestrial and marine sediment deposits. Consequently, we hypothesize, in a subterranean estuary, biogeochemical reactions of Fe respond to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and sea level rise. Porewater and sediment samples were collected across a 30-m wide freshwater discharge zone of the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, USA) subterranean estuary, and at a site 250 m offshore. Porewater Fe concentrations range from 0.5 p.M at the shoreline and 250 m offshore to about 286 AM at the freshwater saltwater boundary. Sediment sulfur and porewater sulfide maxima occur in near-surface 0C-rich black sediments of marine origin, and dissolved Fe maxima occur in underlying OC-poor orange sediments of terrestrial origin. Freshwater SGD flow rates decrease offshore from around 1 to 0.1 cm/day, while bioirrigation exchange deepens with distance from about 10 cm at the shoreline to about 40 cm at the freshwater saltwater boundary. DOC concentrations increase from around 75 uM at the shoreline to as much as 700 p.M at the freshwater saltwater boundary as a result of labile marine carbon inputs from marine SGD. This labile DOC reduces Fe-oxides, which in conjunction with slow discharge of SGD at the boundary, allows dissolved Fe to accumulate. Upward advection of fresh SGD carries dissolved Fe from the Fe-oxide reduction zone to the sulfate reduction zone, where dissolved Fe precipitates as Fe-sulfides. Saturation models of Fe-sulfides indicate some fractions of these Fe-sulfides get dissolved near the sediment water interface, where bioirrigation exchanges oxic surface water. The estimated dissolved Fe flux is approximately 0.84 uM Fe/day per meter of shoreline to lagoon surface waters. Accelerated sea level rise predictions are thus likely to increase the Fe flux to surface waters and local primary productivity, particularly along coastlines where groundwater discharges through sediments. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Moutusi; Martin, Jonathan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cherrier, Jennifer] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Cable, Jaye E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Smith, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Roy, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem Oceanog, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mroy@coas.oregonstate.edu; jbmartin@ufl.edu NR 60 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 19 BP 5560 EP 5573 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.007 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 645AM UT WOS:000281423300009 ER PT J AU Splinter, DK Dauwalter, DC Marston, RA Fisher, WL AF Splinter, Dale K. Dauwalter, Daniel C. Marston, Richard A. Fisher, William L. TI Ecoregions and stream morphology in eastern Oklahoma SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; Streams; Ecoregions; Oklahoma ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; CLASSIFICATION; PATTERNS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; WATERSHEDS; HABITAT; CHANNEL; LANDSCAPE AB Broad-scale variables (i.e., geology, topography, climate, land use, vegetation, and soils) influence channel morphology. How and to what extent the longitudinal pattern of channel morphology is influenced by broad-scale variables is important to fluvial geomorphologists and stream ecologists. In the last couple of decades, there has been an increase in the amount of interdisciplinary research between fluvial geomorphologists and stream ecologists. In a historical context, fluvial geomorphologists are more apt to use physiographic regions to distinguish broad-scale variables, while stream ecologists are more apt to use the concept of an ecosystem to address the broad-scale variables that influence stream habitat. For this reason, we designed a study using ecoregions, which uses physical and biological variables to understand how landscapes influence channel processes. Ecoregions are delineated by similarities in geology, climate, soils, land use, and potential natural vegetation. In the fluvial system, stream form and function are dictated by processes observed throughout the fluvial hierarchy. Recognizing that stream form and function should differ by ecoregion, a study was designed to evaluate how the characteristics of stream channels differed longitudinally among three ecoregions in eastern Oklahoma, USA: Boston Mountains, Ozark Highlands, and Ouachita Mountains. Channel morphology of 149 stream reaches was surveyed in 1st-through 4th-order streams, and effects of drainage area and ecoregion on channel morphology was evaluated using multiple regressions. Differences existed (alpha <= 0.05) among ecoregions for particle size, bankfull width, and width/depth ratio. No differences existed among ecoregions for gradient or sinuosity. Particle size was smallest in the Ozark Highlands and largest in the Ouachita Mountains. Bankfull width was larger in the Ozark Highlands than in the Boston Mountains and Ouachita Mountains in larger streams. Width/depth ratios of the Boston Mountains and Ozark Highlands were not statistically different. Significant differences existed, however, between the Boston Mountains and Ozark Highlands when compared individually to the Ouachita Mountains. We found that ecoregions afforded a good spatial structure that can help in understanding longitudinal trends in stream reach morphology surveyed at the reach scale. The hierarchy of the fluvial system begins within a broad, relatively homogenous setting that imparts control on processes that affect stream function. Ecoregions provide an adequate regional division to begin a large-scale geomorphic study of processes in stream channels. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Splinter, Dale K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Geol, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Marston, Richard A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Fisher, William L.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fisher, William L.] US Geol Survey, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Splinter, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Geol, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. EM splinted@uww.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [F-55-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Raymond Ary, Valerie Horncastle, Alycia Krystyniak, Bryce Marston, James Morel, Mark Murray, and Kyle Winters for field assistance. Comments and suggestions made by Jack Vitek, Robert Pavlowsky, Takashi Oguchi, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this paper. This study was funded by a grant (F-55-R) from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 101 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.06.004 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 642CT UT WOS:000281181800009 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Graymer, RW Jachens, RC McLaughlin, RJ Wagner, DL Sweetkind, DS AF Langenheim, V. E. Graymer, R. W. Jachens, R. C. McLaughlin, R. J. Wagner, D. L. Sweetkind, D. S. TI Geophysical framework of the northern San Francisco Bay region, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FAULT SYSTEM; ROSA PLAIN; EARTHQUAKES; GRAVITY; MOUNTAINS; ANOMALIES; LOCATION; MIOCENE AB We use geophysical data to examine the structural framework of the northern San Francisco Bay region, an area that hosts the northward continuation of the East Bay fault system. Although this fault system has accommodated similar to 175 km of right-lateral offset since 12 Ma, how this offset is partitioned north of the bay is controversial and important for understanding where and how strain is accommodated along this stretch of the broader San Andreas transform margin. Using gravity and magnetic data, we map these faults, many of which influenced basin formation and volcanism. Continuity of magnetic anomalies in certain areas, such as Napa and Sonoma Valleys, the region north of Napa Valley, and the region south of the Santa Rosa Plain, preclude significant (>10 km) offset. Much of the slip is partitioned around Sonoma and Napa Valleys and onto the Carneros, Rodgers Creek, and Green Valley faults. The absence of correlative magnetic anomalies across the Hayward-Rodgers Creek-Maacama fault system suggests that this system reactivated older basement structures, which appear to influence seismicity patterns in the region. C1 [Langenheim, V. E.; Graymer, R. W.; Jachens, R. C.; McLaughlin, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wagner, D. L.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Sweetkind, D. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796 FU National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program FX We thank the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program for financial support. We are grateful to Ramon Arrowsmith, Harvey Kelsey, Ed Mankinen, and George Saucedo, whose comments helped focus and improve the paper. We also would like to thank the many landowners in Napa, Sonoma, and Solano counties who granted us access. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 594 EP 620 DI 10.1130/GES00510.1 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 661FJ UT WOS:000282709700011 ER PT J AU Diehl, SF Hofstra, AH Koenig, AE Emsbo, P Christiansen, W Johnson, C AF Diehl, S. F. Hofstra, A. H. Koenig, A. E. Emsbo, P. Christiansen, W. Johnson, C. TI Hydrothermal Zebra Dolomite in the Great Basin, Nevada-Attributes and Relation to Paleozoic Stratigraphy, Tectonics, and Ore Deposits SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CARLIN TREND; GOLD-BAR DISTRICT; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; CALCITE; ORIGIN; CARBON; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; MINERALIZATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB In other parts of the world, previous workers have shown that sparry dolomite in carbonate rocks may be produced by the generation and movement of hot basinal brines in response to arid paleoclimates and tectonism, and that some of these brines served as the transport medium for metals fixed in Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) and sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) deposits of Zn, Pb, Ag, Au, or barite. Numerous occurrences of hydrothermal zebra dolomite (HZD), comprised of alternating layers of dark replacement and light void-filling sparry or saddle dolomite, are present in Paleozoic platform and slope carbonate rocks on the eastern side of the Great Basin physiographic province. Locally, it is associated with mineral deposits of barite, Ag-Pb-Zn, and Au. In this paper the spatial distribution of HZD occurrences, their stratigraphic position, morphological characteristics, textures and zoning, and chemical and stable isotopic compositions were determined to improve understanding of their age, origin, and relation to dolostone, ore deposits, and the tectonic evolution of the Great Basin. In northern and central Nevada, HZD is coeval and cogenetic with Late Devonian and Early Mississippian Sedex Au, Zn, and barite deposits and may be related to Late Ordovician Sedex barite deposits. In southern Nevada and southwest California, it is cogenetic with small MVT Ag-Pb-Zn deposits in rocks as young as Early Mississippian. Over Paleozoic time, the Great Basin was at equatorial paleolatitudes with episodes of arid paleoclimates. Several occurrences of HZD are crosscut by Mesozoic or Cenozoic intrusions, and some host younger pluton-related polymetallic replacement and Carlin-type gold deposits. The distribution of HZD in space (carbonate platform, margin, and slope) and stratigraphy (Late Neoproterozoic Ediacaran-Mississippian) roughly parallels that of dolostone and both are prevalent in Devonian strata. Stratabound HZD is best developed in Ediacaran and Cambrian units, whereas discordant HZD is proximal to high-angle structures at the carbonate platform margin, such as strike-slip and growth faults and dilational jogs. Fabric-selective replacement and dissolution features (e.g., collapse breccias, voids with geopetal textures) are common, with remaining void space lined with light-colored dolomite crystals that exhibit zoning under cathodoluminescence. Zoned crystals usually contain tiny (<1-3 mu m) fluid inclusions with vapor bubbles, requiring Th > similar to 70 degrees C. The oxygen isotopic compositions of HZD are consistent with formation temperatures of 50-150 degrees C requiring brine circulation to depths of 2-5 km, or more. The few HZD occurrences with the highest concentrations of metals (especially Fe, Mn, and Zn) and the largest isotopic shifts are closely associated with Sedex or MVT deposits known to have formed from hotter brines (e. g., Th > 150-250 degrees C). These relationships permit that HZD formed at about the same time as dolostone, from brines produced by the evaporation of seawater during arid paleoclimates at equatorial paleolatitudes. Both dolostone and HZD may have formed as basinal brines, which migrated seaward from evaporative pans on the platform, with dolostone forming at low temperatures along shallow migration pathways through permeable limestones, and HZD forming at high temperatures along deeper migration pathways through basal aquifers and dilatant high-angle faults. The small MVT deposits were chemical traps where hot brines encountered rocks or fluids containing reduced sulfur. The abundant Sedex deposits mark sites where hot brine discharged at the seafloor in adjacent basins. Thus the distribution of HZD may map deep migration pathways and upflow zones between eastern shallow marine facies, where evaporative brine could have been generated, and western Sedex deposits, where heated brines discharged along faults into platform margin, slope, and basin facies. The small size and scarcity of Pb-Zn deposits and the abundance of barite deposits in the Great Basin suggests the brines were generally reduced, possibly due to reactions with carbonaceous rocks along deep migration pathways. While this scenario may have occurred at several times, the age and abundance of Sedex deposits suggest that such a hydrology was best developed in the Late Ordovician, Late Devonian, and Early Mississippian, possibly in response to episodes of extension and forebulge faults associated with the Antler orogeny. The improved understanding of HZD may aid future exploration for ore deposits in the Great Basin. C1 [Diehl, S. F.; Hofstra, A. H.; Koenig, A. E.; Emsbo, P.; Christiansen, W.; Johnson, C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Diehl, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. Stable isotope data were collected in the Central Region Stable Isotope Geochemistry laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Colorado. Figure 3 was created in GIS by Paul Denning, U.S. Geological Survey. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 29 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 663 EP 690 DI 10.1130/GES00530.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 661FJ UT WOS:000282709700014 ER PT J AU Yager, DB Hofstra, AH Fifarek, K Webbers, A AF Yager, Douglas B. Hofstra, Albert H. Fifarek, Katheryn Webbers, Ank TI Development of an igneous rock database with geologic functions: Application to Neogene bimodal igneous rocks and mineral resources in the Great Basin SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-CENTRAL NEVADA; GOLD-SILVER DEPOSIT; ASH FLOW TUFFS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; TOPAZ RHYOLITES; MIOCENE; RANGE AB Geologists routinely use sample data (descriptive, qualitative, quantitative) to characterize a hierarchy of larger geologic features that each have their own independent attributes, use physical relationships between geologic features to establish their relative ages, combine this information with dated features to understand evolutionary histories of study areas at various scales, and produce maps to display such information in space and time relative to other features of interest. This paper demonstrates how we integrated such routine geologic functions into an existing igneous rock relational database designed to store, organize, update, query, and retrieve sample data that have well-defined locations. The resulting igneous rock database is utilized to capture information on Neogene bimodal igneous rocks in northern Nevada and the eastern Great Basin Province. The database is a useful tool that facilitates queries to generate geographical information system displays and petrologic plots that elucidate the time-space-composition relationships of volcanic centers to one another and to geophysical anomalies, structural features, and mineral deposits. Database information is parsed into the following data tables: physical hierarchy of scale, absolute and relative age, chemistry, paleomagnetic, rock mode, image, cross section, X-ray diffraction, and igneous-related structure. Information is organized in a telescoping geologic hierarchy schema: igneous province, volcanic field, volcanic system or caldera, extrusive flow or intrusion, sample, and various subsamples. Absolute radiometric age determinations on samples from geologic features and expert interpretations of relative age relationships between different features may be captured and used together to constrain the ages of undated features. Such age information is linked to features of various scales in the hierarchy. Common attributes that are shared between the relational database and geographic information system (GIS) features include feature-identification or sample-identification, and they permit linking of geographic entities and tabular data for query, analysis, and display in GIS or derivative tables. Relational database keys merge analytical, map, and image data across this geologic hierarchy-age-location schema to facilitate queries that address geologic problems. Data acquired at the sample scale of observation is linked to increasingly larger features that have their own independent attributes using GIS. This schema enables users to retrieve information on one or more hierarchical features for input into external software for various GIS, statistical, petrologic, and other display, analysis, or comparison purposes. Fundamental interpretations resulting from such analyses or displays, e. g., rock classification, may be used to populate additional fields in the database. The database is designed for flexibility and can accommodate information resulting from both detailed and reconnaissance studies. The geologic functions that were developed and that we added to an existing igneous rock database (Lehnert et al., 2000) for this study have wide applicability and could readily be integrated into other geoscience databases. C1 [Yager, Douglas B.; Hofstra, Albert H.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fifarek, Katheryn] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Yager, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dyager@usgs.gov; ahofstra@usgs.gov; kfifarek@geo.siu.edu; awebbers@comcast.net NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 691 EP 730 DI 10.1130/GES00516.1 PG 40 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 661FJ UT WOS:000282709700015 ER PT J AU Grote, EE Belnap, J Housman, DC Sparks, JP AF Grote, Edmund E. Belnap, Jayne Housman, David C. Sparks, Jed P. TI Carbon exchange in biological soil crust communities under differential temperatures and soil water contents: implications for global change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; dark respiration; gross photosynthesis; net photosynthesis ID CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; SOUTHERN UTAH; CO2 EXCHANGE; ARID LANDS; DESERT; LICHEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CYANOBACTERIAL; USA; PRECIPITATION AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are an integral part of the soil system in arid regions worldwide, stabilizing soil surfaces, aiding vascular plant establishment, and are significant sources of ecosystem nitrogen and carbon. Hydration and temperature primarily control ecosystem CO(2) flux in these systems. Using constructed mesocosms for incubations under controlled laboratory conditions, we examined the effect of temperature (5-35 degrees C) and water content (WC, 20-100%) on CO(2) exchange in light (cyanobacterially dominated) and dark (cyanobacteria/lichen and moss dominated) biocrusts of the cool Colorado Plateau Desert in Utah and the hot Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico. In light crusts from both Utah and New Mexico, net photosynthesis was highest at temperatures > 30 degrees C. Net photosynthesis in light crusts from Utah was relatively insensitive to changes in soil moisture. In contrast, light crusts from New Mexico tended to exhibit higher rates of net photosynthesis at higher soil moisture. Dark crusts originating from both sites exhibited the greatest net photosynthesis at intermediate soil water content (40-60%). Declines in net photosynthesis were observed in dark crusts with crusts from Utah showing declines at temperatures > 25 degrees C and those originating from New Mexico showing declines at temperatures > 35 degrees C. Maximum net photosynthesis in all crust types from all locations were strongly influenced by offsets in the optimal temperature and water content for gross photosynthesis compared with dark respiration. Gross photosynthesis tended to be maximized at some intermediate value of temperature and water content and dark respiration tended to increase linearly. The results of this study suggest biocrusts are capable of CO(2) exchange under a wide range of conditions. However, significant changes in the magnitude of this exchange should be expected for the temperature and precipitation changes suggested by current climate models. C1 [Sparks, Jed P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Grote, Edmund E.; Belnap, Jayne; Housman, David C.] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT USA. RP Sparks, JP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, E149 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jps66@cornell.edu FU Department of Energy; U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank Sue Phillips, Christy Parry, and Tamara Zelikova for graphics assistance and the many technicians who contributed to this effort. Also, we are grateful to the Department of Energy Program for Ecosystem Research and the U.S. Geological Survey for financial support. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2763 EP 2774 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02201.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648FV UT WOS:000281676700011 ER PT J AU Steuer, JJ Stensvold, KA Gregory, MB AF Steuer, Jeffrey J. Stensvold, Krista A. Gregory, Mark B. TI Determination of biologically significant hydrologic condition metrics in urbanizing watersheds: an empirical analysis over a range of environmental settings SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Urbanization; Hydrologic condition metrics; Algae; Macroinvertebrates; Fish; Regression tree models; Predictive relations ID STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; FISH; URBANIZATION; MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENT; IMPACTS; CLASSIFICATION; DEGRADATION; ASSEMBLAGES AB We investigated the relations among 83 hydrologic condition metrics (HCMs) and changes in algal, invertebrate, and fish communities in five metropolitan areas across the continental United States. We used a statistical approach that employed Spearman correlation and regression tree analysis to identify five HCMs that are strongly associated with observed biological variation along a gradient of urbanization. The HCMs related to average flow magnitude, high-flow magnitude, high-flow event frequency, high-flow duration, and rate of change of stream cross-sectional area were most consistently associated with changes in aquatic communities. Although our investigation used an urban gradient design with short hydrologic periods of record (a parts per thousand currency sign1 year) of hourly cross-sectional area time series, these five HCMs were consistent with previous investigations using long-term daily-flow records. The ecological sampling day often was included in the hydrologic period. Regression tree models explained up to 73, 92, and 79% of variance for specific algal, invertebrate, and fish community metrics, respectively. National models generally were not as statistically significant as models for individual metropolitan areas. High-flow event frequency, a hydrologic metric found to be transferable across stream type and useful for classifying habitat by previous research, was found to be the most ecologically relevant HCM; transformation by precipitation increased national-scale applicability. We also investigated the relation between measures of stream flashiness and land-cover indicators of urbanization and found that land-cover characteristic and pattern variables, such as road density, percent wetland, and proximity of developed land, were strongly related to HCMs at both a metropolitan and national scale and, therefore, may be effective land-use management options in addition to wholesale impervious-area reduction. C1 [Steuer, Jeffrey J.; Stensvold, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53562 USA. [Gregory, Mark B.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Steuer, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Madison, WI 53562 USA. EM jjsteuer@wisc.edu OI Hood, Krista/0000-0001-9735-8321 NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 654 IS 1 BP 27 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0362-0 PG 29 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 640CX UT WOS:000281026500004 ER PT J AU Drake, JL Carpenter, EJ Cousins, M Nelson, KL Guido-Zarate, A Loftin, K AF Drake, Jeana L. Carpenter, Edward J. Cousins, Mary Nelson, Kara L. Guido-Zarate, Alejandro Loftin, Keith TI Effects of light and nutrients on seasonal phytoplankton succession in a temperate eutrophic coastal lagoon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; Phytoplankton succession; Orthophosphate; Light attenuation; DIC; Irradiance ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NITROGEN-FIXATION; BALTIC SEA; FRESH-WATER; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NODULARIA-SPUMIGENA; BLOOMS; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; CALIFORNIA AB Rodeo Lagoon, a low-salinity coastal lagoon in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California, United States, has been identified as an important ecosystem due to the presence of the endangered goby (Eucyclogobius newberri). Despite low anthropogenic impacts, the lagoon exhibits eutrophic conditions and supports annual episodes of very high phytoplankton biomass. Weekly assessments (February-December 2007) of phytoplankton indicated diatoms, Nodularia spumigena, Chaetoceros muelleri var. muelleri, flagellated protozoa, a mixed assemblage, and Microcystis aeruginosa dominated the algal community in successive waves. Phytoplankton succession was significantly correlated (r (2) = 0.37, p < 0.001) with averaged daily irradiance (max = 29.7 kW m(-2) d(-1)), water column light attenuation (max = 14 m(-1)), and orthophosphate and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations (max = 1.5 and 2920 mu M, respectively). Negative effects of phytoplankton growth and decay included excessive ammonia concentrations (exceeded EPA guidelines on 77% of sampling days), hypoxia (< 3 mg l(-1) dissolved oxygen), and introduction of several microcystins, all in the latter half of the year. Our one-year study suggests that this coastal lagoon is a highly seasonal system with strong feedbacks between phytoplankton and geochemical processes. C1 [Drake, Jeana L.; Carpenter, Edward J.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Cousins, Mary; Nelson, Kara L.; Guido-Zarate, Alejandro] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Loftin, Keith] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Drake, JL (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Biscayne Bay Campus,3000 NE 151st St,MSB 350, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM jldrake@eden.rutgers.edu RI Nelson, Kara/G-7886-2015 FU Department of Biology at San Francisco State University; National Science Foundation; University of California; National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Field and laboratory support was provided by L. Drake, D. Fong, J. Herndon, C. Ikeda, A. Marchi, J. Murphy, M. Stacey, and J. Tirindelli. J. Johansen provided identification support. Financial support to J. L. Drake was provided by a student research award from the Department of Biology at San Francisco State University. Financial support to M. Cousins was provided by fellowships from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the University of California Chancellor's Opportunity Fellowship. The National Park Service, the University of California Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program, and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Emerging Contaminant Program kindly provided additional funding for research. We also thank USGS and journal reviewers for their helpful comments. Use of trade names is for identification purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 654 IS 1 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0380-y PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 640CX UT WOS:000281026500014 ER PT J AU Ghent, RR Gupta, V Campbell, BA Ferguson, SA Brown, JCW Fergason, RL Carter, LM AF Ghent, Rebecca R. Gupta, V. Campbell, B. A. Ferguson, S. A. Brown, J. C. W. Fergason, R. L. Carter, L. M. TI Generation and emplacement of fine-grained ejecta in planetary impacts SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Moon; Mars; Venus; Cratering; Radar observations ID CRATER EJECTA; VENUS; MOON; MAGELLAN; DEPOSITS; BASIN AB We report here on a survey of distal fine-grained ejecta deposits on the Moon, Mars, and Venus. On all three planets, fine-grained ejecta form circular haloes that extend beyond the continuous ejects and other types of distal deposits such as run-out lobes or ramparts. Using Earth-based radar images, we find that lunar fine-grained ejecta haloes represent meters-thick deposits with abrupt margins, and are depleted in rocks >= 1 cm in diameter. Martian haloes show low nighttime thermal IR temperatures and thermal inertia, indicating the presence of fine particles estimated to range from similar to 10 mu m to 10 mm. Using the large sample sizes afforded by global datasets for Venus and Mars, and a complete nearside radar map for the Moon, we establish statistically robust scaling relationships between crater radius R and fine-grained ejects run-out r* for all three planets. On the Moon, r* similar to R(-0.18) for craters 5-640 km in diameter. For Venus, radar-dark haloes are larger than those on the Moon, but scale as r* similar to R(-0.49), consistent with ejecta entrainment in Venus' dense atmosphere. On Mars, fine-ejecta haloes are larger than lunar haloes for a given crater size, indicating entrainment of ejects by the atmosphere or vaporized subsurface volatiles, but scale as R(-0.13), similar to the ballistic lunar scaling. Ejecta suspension in vortices generated by passage of the ejecta curtain is predicted to result in ejecta run-out that scales with crater size as R(1/2), and the wind speeds so generated may be insufficient to transport particles at the larger end of the calculated range. The observed scaling and morphology of the low-temperature haloes leads us rather to favor winds generated by early-stage vapor plume expansion as the emplacement mechanism for low-temperature halo materials. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ghent, Rebecca R.; Gupta, V.; Ferguson, S. A.; Brown, J. C. W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Campbell, B. A.; Carter, L. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Fergason, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ghent, RR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, 22 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. EM ghentr@geology.utoronto.ca RI Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NASA; PGG FX We thank Nadine Barlow and Goro Komatsu for constructive reviews, which greatly improved the quality of this paper. Taronish Pithawala and John Koziar assisted with halo identification. This work was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to R.R.G., and by the NASA Planetary Astronomy and PGG Programs. Arecibo Observatory is part of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, operated by Cornell University under a cooperative agreement with the NSF. The Green Bank Telescope is part of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, an NSF facility operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2010 VL 209 IS 2 BP 818 EP 835 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.005 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 654VL UT WOS:000282199000047 ER PT J AU Marzano, FS Marchiotto, S Textor, C Schneider, DJ AF Marzano, Frank Silvio Marchiotto, Sara Textor, Christiane Schneider, David J. TI Model-Based Weather Radar Remote Sensing of Explosive Volcanic Ash Eruption SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Ash particle aggregation; ash retrieval; inversion methods; microwave radars; numerical simulation; volcanic eruption clouds ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; SCHEME; RETRIEVALS; FAILURES; HAZARDS; RAIN AB Microphysical and dynamical features of volcanic ash clouds can be quantitatively monitored by using ground-based microwave weather radars. These systems can provide data for determining the ash volume, total mass, and height of eruption clouds. In order to demonstrate the unique potential of this microwave active remote-sensing technique, the case study of the eruption of Augustine Volcano in Alaska in January 2006 is described and analyzed. Volume scan data, acquired by a NEXRAD WSR-88D S-band ground-based weather radar, are processed to automatically classify and estimate eruptive cloud particle concentration. The numerical results of the coupled model Z-reflectivity from Active Tracer High resolution Atmospheric Model (ATHAM), including particle aggregation processes and simulation of radar reflectivity from the ATHAM microphysical model, are exploited to train the inversion algorithm. The volcanic ash radar retrieval based on the ATHAM algorithm is a physical-statistical approach based on the backscattering microphysical model of volcanic cloud particles (hydrometeors, ash, and aggregates), used within a Bayesian classification and optimal regression algorithm. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the overall error budget. The evolution of the Augustine eruption is discussed in terms of radar measurements and products, pointing out the unique features, the current limitations, and future improvements of radar remote sensing of volcanic plumes. C1 [Marzano, Frank Silvio; Marchiotto, Sara] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Elect Engn, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Marzano, Frank Silvio; Marchiotto, Sara] Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. [Textor, Christiane] DLR Umwelt, Deutsch IPCC Koordinierungsstelle Projekttrager, D-53227 Bonn, Germany. [Schneider, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Marzano, FS (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Elect Engn, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00184 Rome, Italy. EM marzano@die.uniroma1.it; christiane.textor@dlr.de; djschneider@usgs.gov FU Italian Department of Civil Protection, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; U.S. Department of Commerce [BS123456] FX Manuscript received July 10, 2009; revised November 21, 2009 and March 6, 2010. Date of publication June 14, 2010; date of current version September 24, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Italian Department of Civil Protection, Rome, Italy, by the Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, and by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 10 BP 3591 EP 3607 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2047862 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 669KY UT WOS:000283349400001 ER PT J AU Saunier, S Goryl, P Chander, G Santer, R Bouvet, M Collet, B Mambimba, A Aksakal, SK AF Saunier, Sebastien Goryl, Philippe Chander, Gyanesh Santer, Richard Bouvet, Marc Collet, Bernard Mambimba, Aboubakar Aksakal, Sultan Kocaman TI Radiometric, Geometric, and Image Quality Assessment of ALOS AVNIR-2 and PRISM Sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Panchromatic Remote-Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM)/Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer type 2; (AVNIR-2); calibration; characterization; geometric; image quality; radiometric AB The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) was launched on January 24, 2006, by a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) H-IIA launcher. It carries three remote-sensing sensors: 1) the Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2); 2) the Panchromatic Remote-Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM); and 3) the Phased-Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR). Within the framework of ALOS Data European Node, as part of the European Space Agency (ESA), the European Space Research Institute worked alongside JAXA to provide contributions to the ALOS commissioning phase plan. This paper summarizes the strategy that was adopted by ESA to define and implement a data verification plan for missions operated by external agencies; these missions are classified by the ESA as third-party missions. The ESA was supported in the design and execution of this plan by GAEL Consultant. The verification of ALOS optical data from PRISM and AVNIR-2 sensors was initiated 4 months after satellite launch, and a team of principal investigators assembled to provide technical expertise. This paper includes a description of the verification plan and summarizes the methodologies that were used for radiometric, geometric, and image quality assessment. The successful completion of the commissioning phase has led to the sensors being declared fit for operations. The consolidated measurements indicate that the radiometric calibration of the AVNIR-2 sensor is stable and agrees with the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus and the Envisat MEdium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer calibration. The geometrical accuracy of PRISM and AVNIR-2 products improved significantly and remains under control. The PRISM modulation transfer function is monitored for improved characterization. C1 [Saunier, Sebastien; Collet, Bernard; Mambimba, Aboubakar] GAEL Consultant, F-77420 Champs Sur Marne, France. [Goryl, Philippe] European Space Res Inst, European Space Agcy, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Chander, Gyanesh] Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Santer, Richard] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, F-62930 Wimereux, France. [Bouvet, Marc] European Space Technol Ctr, European Space Agcy, NL-2200 Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Aksakal, Sultan Kocaman] ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Saunier, S (reprint author), GAEL Consultant, F-77420 Champs Sur Marne, France. FU JAXA FX The authors would like to thank JAXA for their support and advice in the frame of the ALOS Calibration Validation Science Team. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 10 BP 3855 EP 3866 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2048714 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 669KY UT WOS:000283349400024 ER PT J AU Sparks, WB McGrath, M Hand, K Ford, HC Geissler, P Hough, JH Turner, EL Chyba, CF Carlson, R Turnbull, M AF Sparks, W. B. McGrath, M. Hand, K. Ford, H. C. Geissler, P. Hough, J. H. Turner, E. L. Chyba, C. F. Carlson, R. Turnbull, M. TI Hubble Space Telescope observations of Europa in and out of eclipse SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference of the Astrobiology-Society-of-Britain CY APR 07-09, 2010 CL Egham, ENGLAND SP Astrobiol Soc Britain, STFC DE Europa; Hubble; satellites; spectroscopy ID H2O ICE; ATMOSPHERE; LUMINESCENCE; ULTRAVIOLET; SURFACE AB Europa is a prime target for astrobiology and has been prioritized as the next target for a National Aeronautics and Space Administration flagship mission. It is important, therefore, that we advance our understanding of Europa, its ocean and physical environment as much as possible. Here, we describe observations of Europa obtained during its orbital eclipse by Jupiter using the Hubble Space Telescope. We obtained Advanced Camera for Surveys Solar Blind Channel far ultraviolet low-resolution spectra that show oxygen line emission both in and out of eclipse. We also used the Wide-Field and Planetary Camera-2 and searched for broad-band optical emission from fluorescence of the surface material, arising from the very high level of incident energetic particle radiation on ices and potentially organic substances. The high-energy particle radiation at the surface of Europa is extremely intense and is responsible for the production of a tenuous oxygen atmosphere and associated FUV line emission. Approximately 50% of the oxygen emission lasts at least a few hours into the eclipse. We discuss the detection limits of the optical emission, which allow us to estimate the fraction of incident energy reradiated at optical wavelengths, through electron-excited emission, Cherenkov radiation in the ice and fluorescent processes. C1 [Sparks, W. B.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McGrath, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Hand, K.; Carlson, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ford, H. C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Geissler, P.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hough, J. H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Turner, E. L.; Chyba, C. F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Turner, E. L.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Turnbull, M.] Global Sci Inst, Antigo, WI 54409 USA. RP Sparks, WB (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM sparks@stsci.edu RI Turner, Edwin/A-4295-2011 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 SI SI BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1017/S1473550410000285 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 674VU UT WOS:000283779200011 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Holcombe, TR Barnett, DT Stohlgren, TJ Kartesz, JT AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Holcombe, Tracy R. Barnett, David T. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Kartesz, John T. TI Forecasting Weed Distributions using Climate Data: A GIS Early Warning Tool SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Exotic species; geographic information system; invasive species; iterative sampling; modeling; rapid assessment; weeds ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; HABITAT-SUITABILITY; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; TRADE; BIAS AB The number of invasive exotic plant species establishing in the United States is continuing to rise. When prevention of exotic species from entering into a country fails at the national level and the species establishes, reproduces, spreads, and becomes invasive, the most successful action at a local level is early detection followed by eradication. We have developed a simple geographic information system (GIS) analysis for developing watch lists for early detection of invasive exotic plants that relies upon currently available species distribution data coupled with environmental data to aid in describing coarse-scale potential distributions. This GIS analysis tool develops environmental envelopes for species based upon the known distribution of a species thought to be invasive and represents the first approximation of its potential habitat while the necessary data are collected to perform more in-depth analyses. To validate this method we looked at a time series of species distributions for 66 species in Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountain counties. The time series analysis presented here did select counties that the invasive exotic weeds invaded in subsequent years, showing that this technique could be useful in developing watch lists for the spread of particular exotic species. We applied this same habitat-matching model based upon bioclimatic envelopes to 100 invasive exotics with various levels of known distributions within continental U.S. counties. For species with climatically limited distributions, county watch lists describe county-specific vulnerability to invasion. Species with matching habitats in a county would be added to that county's list. These watch lists can influence management decisions for early warning, control prioritization, and targeted research to determine specific locations within vulnerable counties. This tool provides useful information for rapid assessment of the potential distribution based upon climate envelopes of current distributions for new invasive exotic species. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Invas Species Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Barnett, David T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kartesz, John T.] Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Invas Species Branch, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science; USDA CSREES/NRI [2008-35615-04666] FX We thank Alycia Crall, Paul Evangelista, Misako Nishino, and Sunil Kumar for comments on the methodology and early versions of the manuscript. We also thank several anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. Funding was provided by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Program and the U.S. Geological Survey Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science. T. Stohlgren benefitted from collaborations from the USDA CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666 grant. Logistic support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. To all we are grateful. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1614/IPSM-08-073.1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MG UT WOS:000291707800002 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, I Brandt, LA Chen, HJ Mazzotti, FJ AF Fujisaki, Ikuko Brandt, Laura A. Chen, Hongjun Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Colonization, Spread, and Growth of Lygodium microphyllum on Tree Islands in a Wetland in Florida SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Exotic species; disturbance; invasive species; Old World climbing fern; Everglades ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; EVERGLADES; INVASION AB We monitored colonization, spread, and growth of an exotic Old World climbing fern on tree islands in the interior marsh of Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida to investigate linkages between its colonization and growth and environmental factors. Number of the patches continuously increased over a 2-yr monitoring period, but mean patch area and height did not increase. Lower water depth was associated with larger number of patches whereas higher water depth was associated with higher mean patch height. Patch occurrence probability at each 3 m (9.8 ft) grid within tree islands also increased and indicated that patches spread from outer areas to interiors of tree islands over time. Patch occurrence probability was lower in sawgrass-dominated locations, which typically occur at the margin of tree islands, compared to locations dominated by woody plants. Patch occurrence probability was higher on west sides of tree islands corresponding to the side of the islands most impacted by a recent major hurricane. This study revealed that colonization and growth of Old World climbing fern are characterized by several spatial and temporal factors. A detection protocol using ground surveys that focus on the edges of tree islands could be an efficient way to identify early infestations on tree islands in the Refuge. Such a protocol also might be useful to identify new infestations on tree islands in other areas of the Everglades. C1 [Fujisaki, Ikuko; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Chen, Hongjun] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. RP Fujisaki, I (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM ikuko@ufl.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, A.R.M. Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge; University of Florida; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded through a Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (South Florida and Caribbean) agreement between U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, A.R.M. Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, and University of Florida. Partial support was provided by U.S. Geological Survey through the Greater Everglades Ecosystem Priority Ecosystems Science Program. We thank Rafael Crespo, Ryan Lynch, and Joy Vinci for helping with field data collection and Rebecca Harvey and Sara Williams for providing editorial assistance. We also appreciate the comments provided by an Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers, who helped to clarify and contextualize the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00023.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 778MG UT WOS:000291707800006 ER PT J AU Gaidet, N Cappelle, J Takekawa, JY Prosser, DJ Iverson, SA Douglas, DC Perry, WM Mundkur, T Newman, SH AF Gaidet, Nicolas Cappelle, Julien Takekawa, John Y. Prosser, Diann J. Iverson, Samuel A. Douglas, David C. Perry, William M. Mundkur, Taej Newman, Scott H. TI Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wildfowl: dispersal ranges and rates determined from large-scale satellite telemetry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; disease ecology; dispersal; duck; H5N1; migration; pathogen; waterfowl; zoonosis ID VIRUS INFECTION; A VIRUS; DUCKS; BIRDS; GEESE; SWANS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MIGRATION; WATERFOWL; FLIGHT AB P>1. Migratory birds are major candidates for long-distance dispersal of zoonotic pathogens. In recent years, wildfowl have been suspected of contributing to the rapid geographic spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. Experimental infection studies reveal that some wild ducks, geese and swans shed this virus asymptomatically and hence have the potential to spread it as they move. 2. We evaluate the dispersive potential of HPAI H5N1 viruses by wildfowl through an analysis of the movement range and movement rate of birds monitored by satellite telemetry in relation to the apparent asymptomatic infection duration (AID) measured in experimental studies. We analysed the first large-scale data set of wildfowl movements, including 228 birds from 19 species monitored by satellite telemetry in 2006-2009, over HPAI H5N1 affected regions of Asia, Europe and Africa. 3. Our results indicate that individual migratory wildfowl have the potential to disperse HPAI H5N1 over extensive distances, being able to perform movements of up to 2900 km within timeframes compatible with the duration of asymptomatic infection. 4. However, the likelihood of such virus dispersal over long distances by individual wildfowl is low: we estimate that for an individual migratory bird there are, on average, only 5-15 days per year when infection could result in the dispersal of HPAI H5N1 virus over 500 km. 5. Staging at stopover sites during migration is typically longer than the period of infection and viral shedding, preventing birds from dispersing a virus over several consecutive but interrupted long-distance movements. Intercontinental virus dispersion would therefore probably require relay transmission between a series of successively infected migratory birds. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results provide a detailed quantitative assessment of the dispersive potential of HPAI H5N1 virus by selected migratory birds. Such dispersive potential rests on the assumption that free-living wildfowl will respond analogously to captive, experimentally-infected birds, and that asymptomatic infection will not alter their movement abilities. Our approach of combining experimental exposure data and telemetry information provides an analytical framework for quantifying the risk of spread of avian-borne diseases. C1 [Gaidet, Nicolas; Cappelle, Julien] CIRAD ES, UR Anim Gest Integree Risques, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Takekawa, John Y.; Iverson, Samuel A.; Perry, William M.] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Douglas, David C.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, Ede, Netherlands. [Mundkur, Taej; Newman, Scott H.] Anim Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Grp EMPRES, FAO, Rome, Italy. RP Gaidet, N (reprint author), CIRAD ES, UR Anim Gest Integree Risques, TA 30-E Campus Int Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier, France. EM nicolas.gaidet@cirad.fr RI Gaidet, Niccolas/H-8122-2013; OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU FAO through Governments of the Kingdom of Sweden; FAO through United Kingdom of Great Britain; FAO through Northern Ireland; FAO through France; FAO through Kingdom of Saudi Arabia FX This telemetry programme has been coordinated (SH Newman) and funded by FAO through the generous contributions of the Governments of the Kingdom of Sweden, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of France and of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We thank J. Domenech (FAO), J. Lubroth (FAO) for support of this large scale disease ecology initiative, and the permissions granted by national and local agencies in the participating countries. We are also grateful to the numerous ornithologists, veterinarians, and volunteers who participated in field operations (for a detailed list see Appendix S1, Supporting information). NR 45 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1147 EP 1157 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01845.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 643HS UT WOS:000281286800021 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Xu, M Belnap, J AF Zhao, Y. Xu, M. Belnap, J. TI Potential nitrogen fixation activity of different aged biological soil crusts from rehabilitated grasslands of the hilly Loess Plateau, China SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Cyanobacteria; Drylands; Moss; Nitrogenase activity; Restoration ID SUB-TROPICAL GRASSLAND; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; SURFACE DISTURBANCES; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; DESERT ECOSYSTEM; MATS; CYANOBACTERIAL; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) cover up to 60-70% of the soil surface in grasslands rehabilitated during the "Grain for Green" project implemented in the hilly Loess Plateau region in 1999. As biocrusts fix nitrogen (N), they are an important part of restoring soil fertility. We measured nitrogenase activity (NA) in biocrusts from sites rehabilitated at six different time periods to estimate 1) the effects of moisture content and temperature on NA in biocrusts of different ages and 2) the potential N contribution from biocrusts to soils and plants in this region. Results show that NA in the biocrusts was mostly controlled by the species composition, as the activity of biocrusts dominated by free-living soil cyanobacteria was significantly higher than that of moss-dominated biocrusts. Nitrogenase activity was also influenced by soil moisture content and ambient temperature, with a significant decline in activity when moisture levels were decreased to 20% field water-holding capacity. The optimal temperature for NA was 35-40 degrees C and 30-40 degrees C for cyanobacteria- and moss-dominated biocrusts, respectively. Biocrust fixed N is likely an important source of N in this ecosystem, as we estimated annual potential N inputs per hectare in these grasslands to be up to 13 kg N ha(-1) and 4 kg N ha(-1) for cyanobacteria- and moss-dominated biocrusts, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Zhao, Y.; Xu, M.] NW A&F Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Y.; Xu, M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Y.; Xu, M.] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov FU CAS/SAFEA; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40971174]; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX The ARA was conducted at USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Canyonlands Research Station. The authors are grateful to members of USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Canyonlands Research Station for their general help. We would specifically like to thank Ed Grote and Sue Phillips for their help with this project. We thank the Ansai Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation for sites and climate data. The study was supported by the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams-Process simulation of soil and water of a watershed, National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40971174), and "Western Star" Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 56 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1186 EP 1191 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.04.006 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639LQ UT WOS:000280976700011 ER PT J AU Esque, TC Young, JA Tracy, CR AF Esque, Todd C. Young, James A. Tracy, C. Richard TI Short-term effects of experimental fires on a Mojave Desert seed bank SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Invasive; Disturbance; Species composition; Passive avoidance; Active avoidance ID SONORAN DESERT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DOWNY BROME; SOIL; GERMINATION; NEVADA; VEGETATION; ANNUALS; TEMPERATURES AB A Mojave Desert shrub community was experimentally burned to understand changes in seed bank of desert annual plant species in response to wildfire. Seed mortality ranged from 55 to 80%, and fire caused significant losses of native and alien annual seeds. Schism us arabicus, Schismus barbatus, Bromus madritensis, Bromus tectorum, Erodium cicutarium and Plantago spp. made up >95% of the seed bank. Bromus spp. and Plantago spp. had proportionately greater mortality of seeds than did Schismus spp. and E. cicutarium. Schismus spp. can be lodged into soil cracks thus avoiding lethal temperatures. E. cicutarium has a self-drilling mechanism that places the seeds at greater depth in the soil. Greater seed mortality occurred beneath shrub canopies than interspaces for most species (Plantago, spp., Bromus spp., and E. cicutarium), but microsite had little effect on Schismus spp. Fire reduced the perennial Ambrosia dumosa densities under canopies. Fire reduced the mean number of species found in samples by about one species per plot and no species was extirpated on experimental plots. The relative abundances of common species did not change dramatically as a result of fire or microsite, however; seed densities varied by treatment and affected interpretations of species compositions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Young, James A.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Esque, Todd C.; Tracy, C. Richard] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Esque, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM todd_esque@usgs.gov; jayoung@scs.unr.edu; dtracy@biodiversity.unr.edu FU US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management in Arizona; US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management in Utah; US Geological Survey FX We thank D.F. Haines, S.E. Eckert, R.S. Schwarz, and S.J. Scoles-Sciulla, for field assistance throughout this research project. Their personal commitment and enthusiasm was indispensable, and made a very large and difficult task much more fun and fulfilling than it would have been without them. Comments from L.A. DeFalco, J. Keeley, S.B. Jenkins, J.C. Chambers, and J. Yee improved this manuscript. T.A. Duck of the US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management in Arizona and Utah arranged funding and logistical support.; L. Evers and the fire fighters on engines 147, 154, 163, 711 and 712 provided coordination, technical assistance, and logistical support for the experimental fires. The US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program provided additional financial and logistical support throughout the project. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1302 EP 1308 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.04.011 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639LQ UT WOS:000280976700026 ER PT J AU Kery, M Gardner, B Monnerat, C AF Kery, Marc Gardner, Beth Monnerat, Christian TI Predicting species distributions from checklist data using site-occupancy models SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Aeshna cyanea; checklists; citizen science; detection probability; dragonfly; generalized linear model; hierarchical model; Odonata; species distribution model; Switzerland ID IMPERFECT DETECTION; STATISTICAL-MODELS; POPULATION-CHANGE; MULTIPLE STATES; ABSENCE DATA; DYNAMICS; PROBABILITY; EXTINCTION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Aim (1) To increase awareness of the challenges induced by imperfect detection, which is a fundamental issue in species distribution modelling; (2) to emphasize the value of replicate observations for species distribution modelling; and (3) to show how 'cheap' checklist data in faunal/floral databases may be used for the rigorous modelling of distributions by site-occupancy models. Location Switzerland. Methods We used checklist data collected by volunteers during 1999 and 2000 to analyse the distribution of the blue hawker, Aeshna cyanea (Odonata, Aeshnidae), a common dragonfly in Switzerland. We used data from repeated visits to 1-ha pixels to derive 'detection histories' and apply site-occupancy models to estimate the 'true' species distribution, i.e. corrected for imperfect detection. We modelled blue hawker distribution as a function of elevation and year and its detection probability of elevation, year and season. Results The best model contained cubic polynomial elevation effects for distribution and quadratic effects of elevation and season for detectability. We compared the site-occupancy model with a conventional distribution model based on a generalized linear model, which assumes perfect detectability (p = 1). The conventional distribution map looked very different from the distribution map obtained using site-occupancy models that accounted for the imperfect detection. The conventional model underestimated the species distribution by 60%, and the slope parameters of the occurrence-elevation relationship were also underestimated when assuming p = 1. Elevation was not only an important predictor of blue hawker occurrence, but also of the detection probability, with a bell-shaped relationship. Furthermore, detectability increased over the season. The average detection probability was estimated at only 0.19 per survey. Main conclusions Conventional species distribution models do not model species distributions per se but rather the apparent distribution, i.e. an unknown proportion of species distributions. That unknown proportion is equivalent to detectability. Imperfect detection in conventional species distribution models yields underestimates of the extent of distributions and covariate effects that are biased towards zero. In addition, patterns in detectability will erroneously be ascribed to species distributions. In contrast, site-occupancy models applied to replicated detection/non-detection data offer a powerful framework for making inferences about species distributions corrected for imperfect detection. The use of 'cheap' checklist data greatly enhances the scope of applications of this useful class of models. C1 [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Gardner, Beth] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Monnerat, Christian] CSCF, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogclwarte.ch NR 64 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1851 EP 1862 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02345.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 654QU UT WOS:000282183900003 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Casas, SM Gayle, W La Peyre, JF AF La Peyre, Megan K. Casas, Sandra M. Gayle, Whitney La Peyre, Jerome F. TI The combined influence of sub-optimal temperature and salinity on the in vitro viability of Perkinsus marinus, a protistan parasite of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perkinsus marinus; Viability; Temperature; Salinity; Crassostrea virginica; Dermo disease ID DEFENSE-RELATED ACTIVITIES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; METABOLIC-ACTIVITY; OSMOTIC TOLERANCE; APALACHICOLA BAY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DISEASE; INFECTION; PATHOGEN; APICOMPLEXA AB Perkinsus marinus is a major cause of mortality in eastern oysters along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts. It is also well documented that temperature and salinity are the primary environmental factors affecting P. marinus viability and proliferation. However, little is known about the effects of combined sub-optimal temperatures and salinities on P. marinus viability. This in vitro study examined those effects by acclimating P. marinus at three salinities (7, 15,25 ppt) to 10 degrees C to represent the lowest temperatures generally reached in the Gulf of Mexico, and to 2 degrees C to represent the lowest temperatures reached along the mid-Atlantic coasts and by measuring changes in cell viability and density on days 1, 30, 60 and 90 following acclimation. Cell viability and density were also measured in 7 ppt cultures acclimated to each temperature and then transferred to 3.5 ppt. The largest decreases in cell viability occurred only with combined low temperature and salinity, indicating that there is clearly a synergistic effect. The largest decreases in cell viability occurred only with both low temperature and salinity after 30 days (3.5 ppt, 2 degrees C: 0% viability), 60 days (3.5 ppt, 10 degrees C: 0% viability) and 90 days (7 ppt, 2 degrees C: 0.6 +/- 0.7%; 7 ppt, 10 degrees C: 0.2 +/- 0.2%). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Casas, Sandra M.; La Peyre, Jerome F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Sea Grant College Program FX Thanks to the Louisiana Sea Grant College Program for funding part of this work in support of Whitney Gayle through the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program. We also thank Patrick Banks and David Bushek for reviewing the manuscript. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement from the US government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 105 IS 2 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2010.06.010 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 650DN UT WOS:000281829300009 PM 20600094 ER PT J AU Fuller, AK Harrison, DJ AF Fuller, Angela K. Harrison, Daniel J. TI Movement paths reveal scale-dependent habitat decisions by Canada lynx SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canada lynx; fractal dimension; habitat; Lepus americanus; lynx; Lynx canadensis; movement; patch; snowshoe hare; tortuosity ID CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; SEARCH PATHS; NORTHERN MAINE; SPATIAL SCALE; SELECTION; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; ACCESSIBILITY AB We documented the relative grain at which Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) perceive habitat heterogeneity using fractal dimension of foraging paths. We evaluated whether lynx expended greater foraging effort (i.e., greater fractal dimension of movement paths) in patches with the highest density of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), or in patches with intermediate densities of prey where lower stem densities and greater visibility promote increased mobility and access to prey. Lynx foraged within patches with intermediate to high hare density and intermediate cover for hares, and thus, attempted to maximize access to prey rather than exposure to habitats with highest prey density but optimal escape cover. Fractal dimension of movement paths was greater within preferred than in nonpreferred habitats and corresponded with higher foraging success in preferred habitats. Movement paths were more tortuous at broader than finer scales, suggesting that lynx were exhibiting stronger coarse-grained than fine-grained habitat preferences. Higher fractal dimension of movement paths reduced the number of transitions between patches of higher and lower foraging quality, resulting in individual movement patterns matching the scale of interpatch variation in hare abundance and accessibility within home ranges. Lynx made their strongest foraging decisions when exhibiting higher-order resource selection, so focusing conservation efforts to alter within-patch structure may be less effective than creating patch- and landscape-scale conditions that enhance foraging success. Coarse-grained resource selection by wide-ranging carnivores may reduce the importance of fine-scale conservation efforts and emphasizes the importance of focusing conservation for these coarse-grained species on factors influencing home-range quality and maintenance of viable landscapes. DOT: 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-005.1. C1 [Fuller, Angela K.; Harrison, Daniel J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Fuller, AK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM angela.fuller@cornell.edu FU Maine Cooperative Forestry Research Unit; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station at the University of Maine; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Department of Wildlife Ecology at the University of Maine; Nature Conservancy FX We gratefully acknowledge the Maine Cooperative Forestry Research Unit, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station at the University of Maine, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Nexfor Fraser Papers, the Department of Wildlife Ecology at the University of Maine, and The Nature Conservancy for funding. Irving Woodlands, Clayton Lake Woodlands, and 7 Islands Land Company provided geographic information system coverages and access to their lands. We thank field technicians J. Benson, K. Berger, A. Crook, T. Gorman, V. Green, T. Irvin, J. Tilden, and telemetry pilot J. McPhee (deceased). We also thank J. Vashon and S. Crowley for supervising the lynx capture effort and K. Pelletier and S. Pelletier for providing housing and logistical support. V. O. Nams graciously provided assistance with use and interpretation of the FRACTAL program. This is publication number 3120 of the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 50 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1279 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-005.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 671BJ UT WOS:000283474400022 ER PT J AU Hirsch, RM Moyer, DL Archfield, SA AF Hirsch, Robert M. Moyer, Douglas L. Archfield, Stacey A. TI WEIGHTED REGRESSIONS ON TIME, DISCHARGE, AND SEASON (WRTDS), WITH AN APPLICATION TO CHESAPEAKE BAY RIVER INPUTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE monitoring; computational methods; statistics; time series analysis; nonpoint-source pollution; nutrients; point-source pollution ID WATER-QUALITY DATA; CONSTITUENT LOADS; TRENDS AB A new approach to the analysis of long-term surface water-quality data is proposed and implemented. The goal of this approach is to increase the amount of information that is extracted from the types of rich water-quality datasets that now exist. The method is formulated to allow for maximum flexibility in representations of the long-term trend, seasonal components, and discharge-related components of the behavior of the water-quality variable of interest. It is designed to provide internally consistent estimates of the actual history of concentrations and fluxes as well as histories that eliminate the influence of year-to-year variations in stream-flow. The method employs the use of weighted regressions of concentrations on time, discharge, and season. Finally, the method is designed to be useful as a diagnostic tool regarding the kinds of changes that are taking place in the watershed related to point sources, groundwater sources, and surface-water nonpoint sources. The method is applied to datasets for the nine large tributaries of Chesapeake Bay from 1978 to 2008. The results show a wide range of patterns of change in total phosphorus and in dissolved nitrate plus nitrite. These results should prove useful in further examination of the causes of changes, or lack of changes, and may help inform decisions about future actions to reduce nutrient enrichment in the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed. C1 [Hirsch, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Moyer, Douglas L.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. [Archfield, Stacey A.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Hirsch, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rhirsch@usgs.gov OI Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X; Moyer, Douglas/0000-0001-6330-478X FU USGS FX The authors benefited greatly from insights and suggestions from Tim Cohn (USGS) and from the reviews by Charles Crawford (USGS) and Gary Shenk (USEPA) and three anonymous reviewers. The research was funded by three USGS programs: Hydrologic Research and Development Program, the National Water Quality Assessment Program, and the Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem Program. None of this work would have been possible were it not for the dedication of USGS hydrologists and hydrologic technicians who carefully sampled these rivers over three decades in all kinds of conditions. NR 28 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 857 EP 880 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00482.x PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 654MG UT WOS:000282171800001 PM 22457569 ER PT J AU McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Susong, DD Ball, JW Taylor, HE AF McCleskey, R. Blaine Nordstrom, D. Kirk Susong, David D. Ball, James W. Taylor, Howard E. TI Source and fate of inorganic solutes in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Trace element chemistry SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone; Gibbon River; geothermal; Norris Geyser Basin; arsenic ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAM; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; IN-GROUND WATER; GEOTHERMAL WATERS; DIEL BEHAVIOR; CHLORIDE FLUX; HOT-SPRINGS; NEUTRAL PH; OXIDATION; IRON AB The Gibbon River in Yellowstone National Park receives inflows from several geothermal areas, and consequently the concentrations of many trace elements are elevated compared to rivers in non-geothermal watersheds. Water samples and discharge measurements were obtained from the Gibbon River and its major tributaries near Norris Geyser Basin under the low-flow conditions of September 2006 allowing for the identification of solute sources and their downstream fate. Norris Geyser Basin, and in particular Tantalus Creek, is the largest source of many trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Cs, Hg, Li, Sb, Tl, W, and REEs) to the Gibbon River. The Chocolate Pots area is a major source of Fe and Mn. and the lower Gibbon River near Terrace Spring is the major source of Be and Mo. Some of the elevated trace elements are aquatic health concerns (As, Sb, and Hg) and knowing their fate is important. Most solutes in the Gibbon River. including As and Sb, behave conservatively or are minimally attenuated over 29 km of fluvial transport. Some small attenuation of Al, Fe, Hg, and REEs occurs but primarily there is a transformation from the dissolved state to suspended particles, with most of these elements still being transported to the Madison River. Dissolved Hg and REEs loads decrease where the particulate Fe increases, suggesting sorption onto suspended particulate material. Attenuation from the water column is substantial for Mn, with little formation of Mn as suspended particulates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McCleskey, R. Blaine; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Ball, James W.; Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Susong, David D.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP McCleskey, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rbmccles@usgs.gov OI McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 196 IS 3-4 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.05.004 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 663ZQ UT WOS:000282929100001 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Mariner, RH AF Ingebritsen, S. E. Mariner, R. H. TI Hydrothermal heat discharge in the Cascade Range, northwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydrothermal; Hot springs; Fumaroles; Volcanic arcs; Heat flow; Cascade Range; Magmatism ID CRATER LAKE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; THERMAL STRUCTURE; CENTRAL OREGON; VOLCANIC ARC; CIRCULATION; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; SPRINGS; SYSTEM AB Hydrothermal heat discharge in the Cascade Range includes the heat discharged by thermal springs, by "slightly thermal" springs that are only a few degrees warmer than ambient temperature, and by fumaroles. Thermal-spring heat discharge is calculated on the basis of chloride-flux measurements and geothermometer temperatures and totals similar to 240 MW in the U.S. part of the Cascade Range, excluding the transient post-1980 discharge at Mount St. Helens (similar to 80 MW as of 2004-5). Heat discharge from "slightly thermal" springs is based on the degree of geothermal warming (after correction for gravitational potential energy effects) and totals similar to 660 MW. Fumarolic heat discharge is calculated by a variety of indirect and direct methods and totals similar to 160 MW, excluding the transient mid-1970s discharge at Mount Baker (similar to 80 MW) and transient post-1980 discharge at Mount St. Helens (>230 MW as of 2005). Other than the pronounced transients at Mount St. Helens and Mount Baker, hydrothermal heat discharge in the Cascade Range appears to be fairly steady over a similar to 25-year period of measurement. Of the total of similar to 1050 MW of "steady" hydrothermal heat discharge identified in the U.S. part of the Cascade Range, less than 50 MW occurs north of latitude 45 degrees 15' N (similar to 0.1 MW per km arc length from 45 degrees 15' to 49 degrees N). Much greater rates of hydrothermal heat discharge south of 45 degrees 15'N (similar to 1.7 MW per km arc length from 40 degrees to 45 degrees 15'N) may reflect the influence of Basin and Range-style extensional tectonics (faulting) that impinges on the Cascades as far north as Mount Jefferson but is not evident farther north. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.; Mariner, R. H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 196 IS 3-4 BP 208 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.07.023 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 663ZQ UT WOS:000282929100005 ER PT J AU Jimenez, MD Bangs, EE Sime, C Asher, VJ AF Jimenez, Michael D. Bangs, Edward E. Sime, Carolyn Asher, Valpa J. TI SARCOPTIC MANGE FOUND IN WOLVES IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS IN WESTERN UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; ectoparasites; gray wolf; Sarcoptes scabiei; sarcoptic mange; wildlife disease ID NATIONAL-PARK; COYOTES AB We documented sarcoptic mange caused by mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) in 22 gray wolves (Canis lupus) in the northern Rocky Mountain states of Montana (n=16) and Wyoming (n=6), from 2002 through 2008. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sarcoptic mange in wolves in Montana or Wyoming in recent times. In addition to confirming sarcoptic mange, we recorded field observations of 40 wolves in Montana and 30 wolves in Wyoming displaying clinical signs of mange (i.e., alopecia, hyperkeratosis, and seborrhea). Therefore, we suspect sarcoptic mange may be more prevalent than we were able to confirm. C1 [Jimenez, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Sime, Carolyn] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Asher, Valpa J.] Turner Endangered Species Fund, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Jimenez, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 2645, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM mike_jimenez@fws.gov NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1125 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 676FP UT WOS:000283896600007 PM 20966263 ER PT J AU Jessup, DA Johnson, CK Estes, J Carlson-Bremer, D Jarman, WM Reese, S Dodd, E Tinker, MT Ziccardi, MH AF Jessup, David A. Johnson, Christine K. Estes, James Carlson-Bremer, Daphne Jarman, Walter M. Reese, Stacey Dodd, Erin Tinker, M. Tim Ziccardi, Michael H. TI PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE BLOOD OF FREE-RANGING SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS SSP.) IN ALASKA AND CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Blood; DDT; Enhydra lutris; PCB; persistent organic pollutants; sea otter; TEQ; toxicology ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PHOCA-VITULINA; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS AB As part of tagging and ecologic research efforts in 1997 and 1998, apparently healthy sea otters of four age-sex classes in six locations in Alaska and three in California were sampled for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other chemicals of ecologic or environmental concern (COECs). Published techniques for the detection of POPs (specifically Sigma polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], Sigma DDTs, Sigma hexachlorocyclohexanes [HCHs], Sigma polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], Sigma chlordanes [CHLs], hexachlorobenzene [HCB], dieldrin, and mirex) in the tissue of dead otters were modified for use with serum from live sea otters. Toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were calculated for POPs with proven bioactivity. Strong location effects were seen for most POPs and COECs; sea otters in California generally showed higher mean concentrations than those in Alaska. Differences in contaminant concentrations were detected among age and sex classes, with high levels frequently, observed in subadults. Very high levels of Sigma DDT were detected in male sea otters in Elkhorn Slough, California, where strong freshwater outflow from agricultural areas occurs seasonally. All contaminants except mirex differed among Alaskan locations; only Sigma DDT, HCB, and chlorpyrifos differed within California. High levels of Sigma PCB (particularly larger, more persistent congeners) were detected at two locations in Alaska where associations between elevated PCBs and military activity have been established, while higher PCB levels were found at all three locations in California where no point source of PCBs has been identified. Although POP and COEC concentrations in blood may be less likely to reflect total body burden, concentrations in blood of healthy animals may be more biologically relevant and less influenced by state of nutrition or perimortem factors than other tissues routinely sampled. C1 [Jessup, David A.; Dodd, Erin] Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Calif Dept Fish & Game, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Johnson, Christine K.; Carlson-Bremer, Daphne; Ziccardi, Michael H.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Estes, James; Reese, Stacey; Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Estes, James; Jarman, Walter M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Jessup, DA (reprint author), Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Calif Dept Fish & Game, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM djessup@ospr.dfg.ca.gov RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 FU Avila I Trustee Council; California Department of Fish and Game Office of Spill Prevention and Response; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey Biological Resource Division (USGS-BRD)-Western Ecological Research Center; USGS-BRD-Alaska Science Center; University of California, Davis, Wildlife Health Center FX Primary funding for this work was provided by the Avila I Trustee Council, with additional support from California Department of Fish and Game Office of Spill Prevention and Response, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey Biological Resource Division (USGS-BRD)-Western Ecological Research Center, USGS-BRD-Alaska Science Center, and the University of California, Davis, Wildlife Health Center. We thank Corinne Pisacane, Jocelyn Vedder Green, and Lisa Jacobsen Ward for assistance with the analysis of the blood samples. This work profited from the contributions of the several institutions of the Sea Otter Alliance. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 30 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1214 EP 1233 PG 20 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 676FP UT WOS:000283896600016 PM 20966272 ER PT J AU Scott, CA Mazet, JAK Powell, AN AF Scott, Cheryl A. Mazet, Jonna A. K. Powell, Abby N. TI Health Evaluation of Western Arctic King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Body condition; health evaluation; hematology; King Eider; migratory waterfowl health indices; serum chemistry; Somateria spectabilis ID SERUM CHEMISTRY; WILDLIFE HEALTH; ALASKA; SEA AB The western arctic population of King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) has declined by >50% in recent years. A health assessment was conducted for adult King Eiders breeding on the north slope of Alaska, USA, to evaluate body condition (n=90, 2002-2006) and baseline biochemical and hematologic values (n=20-30, 2005-2006). Body condition for males and females was excellent. Total protein, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and globulin were significantly higher in females than in males, likely because of differences in reproductive physiology. These baseline health data can be used to promote conservation of King Eiders and other closely related species of concern. C1 [Scott, Cheryl A.; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Scott, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cascott@ucdavis.edu RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012; OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU Minerals Management Service; Coastal Marine Institute; University of Alaska, Fairbanks; North Slope Borough; US Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.; University of California, Davis FX The Minerals Management Service; Coastal Marine Institute; University of Alaska, Fairbanks; North Slope Borough; US Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., and the MPVM Program at the University of California, Davis provided financial support. This work was conducted under approval of the University of Alaska Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (05-29). We thank L. Phillips, R. Bentzen, S. Oppel, and C. Latty, M. Carlson, J. Kurek, D. Van Vuren, J. Eadie, and M. Johnson for project assistance or manuscript review. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1290 EP 1294 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 676FP UT WOS:000283896600026 PM 20966282 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DM Esler, D AF Mulcahy, Daniel M. Esler, Daniel TI Survival of Captive and Free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following Surgical Liver Biopsy SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anesthesia; avian; cytochrome P450; Harlequin Duck; Histrionicus histrionicus; liver biopsy; oil spill; surgery ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; PIGEON GUILLEMOTS; CRUDE OILS; EXPOSURE; ALASKA; ECOSYSTEM; ANTENNAS AB We measured intra- and postoperative mortality rates or captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) undergoing surgical liver biopsy sampling for determination of the induction of cytochrome P4501A, a biomarker of oil exposure. Liver biopsies were taken from and radio transmitters were implanted into 157 free-ranging Harlequin Ducks over three winters (55 in 2000, 55 in 2001, and 47 in 2002). No birds died during surgery, but seven (4.5%) died during recovery from anesthesia (three in 2001 and four in 2002). None of the deaths could be attributed directly to the liver biopsy. Four of the 150 (2.7%) birds that were released died in the 2 wk period after surgery. All post-release deaths occurred in 2001; no birds died after release in 2000 or 2002. No mortalities of 36 captive birds occurred during surgery or recovery or in the 2 wk period following surgery. Hemorrhage was a minor problem with one captive bird. Surgical liver biopsies appear to be a sale procedure, but anesthetic complications may occur with overwintering ducks. C1 [Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM daniel_mulcahy@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX We thank the crew of the MAT Discovery for field logistics. James Leach and Mark Mitchell provided additional surgical services. Kim Trust and Bruce Woodin supplied the weights of the liver biopsies. Studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at the Alaska Sea Life Center and Simon Fraser University. This study was supported by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; the authors' conclusions are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Trustee Council. Mention of trade names does not constitute government endorsement of products. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1325 EP 1329 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 676FP UT WOS:000283896600033 PM 20966289 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Slonecker, ET Nash, MS Neale, AC Wade, TG Hamann, S AF Jones, K. Bruce Slonecker, E. Terrence Nash, Maliha S. Neale, Anne C. Wade, Timothy G. Hamann, Sharon TI Riparian habitat changes across the continental United States (1972-2003) and potential implications for sustaining ecosystem services SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Ecology CY AUG 16-21, 2009 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE Multi-scale change analysis; Land cover change; Remote sensing; Ecoregions; Riparian habitat change; Ecosystem services ID STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; MID-ATLANTIC; SAN-PEDRO; LAND-USE; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; BUFFERS; RIVER; USA; CONSERVATION AB Riparian ecosystems are important elements in landscapes that often provide a disproportionately wide range of ecosystem services and conservation benefits. Their protection and restoration have been one of the top environmental management priorities across the US over the last several years. Despite the level of concern, visibility and management effort, little is known about trends in riparian habitats. Moreover, little is known about whether or not cumulative efforts to restore and protect riparian zones and floodplains are affecting the rates of riparian habitat change nationwide. To address these issues, we analyzed riparian land cover change between the early 1970s and the late 1990s/early 2000s using existing spatial data on hydrography and land cover. This included an analysis of land cover changes within 180 m riparian buffer zones, and at catchment scales, for 42,363 catchments across 63 ecoregions of the continental US. The total amount of forest and natural land cover (forests, shrublands, wetlands) in riparian buffers declined by 0.7 and 0.9%, respectively across the entire study period. Gains in grassland/shrubland accounted for the 0.2% lower percentage of total natural land cover loss relative to forests. Conversely, urban and developed land cover (urban, agriculture, and mechanically disturbed lands) increased by more than 1.3% within riparian buffers across the entire study period. Despite these changes, we documented an opposite trend of increasing proportions of natural and forest land cover in riparian buffers versus the catchment scale. We surmise that this trend might reflect a combination of natural recovery and cumulative efforts to protect riparian ecosystems across the US. However, existing models limit our ability to assess the impacts of these changes on specific ecosystem services. We discuss the implications of changes observed in this study on the sustainability of ecosystem services. We also recommend opportunties for future riparian change assessments. C1 [Jones, K. Bruce; Slonecker, E. Terrence; Hamann, Sharon] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Nash, Maliha S.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Neale, Anne C.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM kbjones@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1275 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9510-1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 648WS UT WOS:000281725700010 ER PT J AU Schamber, JL Flint, PL Powell, AN AF Schamber, J. L. Flint, P. L. Powell, A. N. TI Patterns of use and distribution of king eiders and black scoters during the annual cycle in northeastern Bristol Bay, Alaska SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINTERING COMMON EIDERS; BERING-SEA; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; MARINE BIRDS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; BEAUFORT SEA; AT-SEA; DUCKS; COMMUNITY; FOOD AB Northeastern Bristol Bay, Alaska, which includes three large estuaries, is used by multiple sea duck species during the annual cycle. Limited aerial surveys indicate that this area supports tens of thousands of king eiders and black scoters during spring migration and the autumn molt. Existing satellite telemetry data were used to assess the temporal patterns of habitat use and spatial distribution of king eiders and black scoters in northeastern Bristol Bay throughout the annual cycle. King eiders used northeastern Bristol Bay during all months of the annual cycle and black scoters used the area during spring through fall. Both species exhibited a similar seasonal pattern of use that corresponded with the timing of life-cycle stages. Abundance of both species was highest during spring migration and the autumn molting period and lowest during summer. Use by king eiders did not occur during all winter months in every year of the study. King eiders were more broadly distributed than black scoters and were located farther from shore in deeper water. Core use areas had minimal overlap, suggesting a degree of spatial segregation between species and a preference for different habitats in northeastern Bristol Bay. Further study of potential variation in invertebrate community structure that may correlate with the observed interspecific spatial segregation in habitat use is needed to determine preferred forage and describe habitat requirements for each species. Such information is necessary to assess the potential impact that future anthropogenic or environmental changes may have on habitat quality of northeastern Bristol Bay and demography of Pacific sea duck populations that use this area. C1 [Schamber, J. L.; Flint, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Powell, A. N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Schamber, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jschamber@usgs.gov OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU Minerals Management Service; Sea Duck Joint Venture; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the numerous technicians and veterinarians for their help in the Weld, which resulted in the data sets used for this study. R. Britton and T. Fondell provided useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The Minerals Management Service, Sea Duck Joint Venture and U.S. Geological Survey provided funds for the original studies. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 157 IS 10 BP 2169 EP 2176 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1481-x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 649RX UT WOS:000281792000006 ER PT J AU Prouty, NG Field, ME Stock, JD Jupiter, SD McCulloch, M AF Prouty, Nancy G. Field, Michael E. Stock, Jonathan D. Jupiter, Stacy D. McCulloch, Malcolm TI Coral Ba/Ca records of sediment input to the fringing reef of the southshore of Moloka'i, Hawai'i over the last several decades SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; Geochemistry; Terrestrial sedimentation; Landuse change ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; WATER-QUALITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUTHERN MOLOKAI; COASTAL WATERS; BURDEKIN RIVER; GROWTH-RATES; BARIUM; AUSTRALIA; VARIABILITY AB The fringing reef of southern Moloka'i is perceived to be in decline because of land-based pollution. In the absence of historical records of sediment pollution, ratios of coral Ba/Ca were used to test the hypothesis that sedimentation has increased over time. Baseline Ba/Ca ratios co-vary with the abundance of red, terrigenous sediment visible in recent imagery. The highest values at One Ali'i are near one of the muddiest parts of the reef. This co-varies with the lowest growth rate of all the sites, perhaps because the upstream Kawela watershed was historically leveed all the way to the nearshore, providing a fast-path for sediment delivery. Sites adjacent to small, steep watersheds have similar to decadal periodicities whereas sites adjacent to mangrove forests have shorter-period fluctuations that correspond to the periodicity of sediment transport in the nearshore, rather than the watershed. All four sites show a statistically significant upward trend in Ba/Ca. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Prouty, Nancy G.; Field, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Stock, Jonathan D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jupiter, Stacy D.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Jupiter, Stacy D.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, S Pacific Country Program, Suva, Fiji. [McCulloch, Malcolm] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Prouty, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM nprouty@usgs.gov RI McCulloch, Malcolm/C-3651-2009; OI Jupiter, Stacy/0000-0001-9742-1677 FU United States Geological Survey FX This study was funded by a United States Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship to NGP and USGS Coastal and Marine Geology funds to MEF. The authors thank Josh Logan, Tom Reiss and Curt Storlazzi for field support and Joe Reich, the captain of the R/V Alyce C., as well as M. McGann, R. Takesue, and G. Tribble for helpful discussion and providing supporting data. This manuscript was improved by comments by R. Moyer and M. Bothner. NR 96 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1822 EP 1835 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.024 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676GR UT WOS:000283899500024 PM 20580381 ER PT J AU Vonholdt, BM Stahler, DR Bangs, EE Smith, DW Jimenez, MD Mack, CM Niemeyer, CC Pollinger, JP Wayne, RK AF Vonholdt, Bridgett M. Stahler, Daniel R. Bangs, Edward E. Smith, Douglas W. Jimenez, Mike D. Mack, Curt M. Niemeyer, Carter C. Pollinger, John P. Wayne, Robert K. TI A novel assessment of population structure and gene flow in grey wolf populations of the Northern Rocky Mountains of the United States SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; grey wolf; migrant detection; migration; population assignment ID PER-GENERATION RULE; WOLVES CANIS-LUPUS; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; ONE-MIGRANT; CONSERVATION PROGRAMS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COLONIZING WOLVES; DOMESTIC DOG; GRAY WOLF; MANAGEMENT AB The successful re-introduction of grey wolves to the western United States is an impressive accomplishment for conservation science. However, the degree to which subpopulations are genetically structured and connected, along with the preservation of genetic variation, is an important concern for the continued viability of the metapopulation. We analysed DNA samples from 555 Northern Rocky Mountain wolves from the three recovery areas (Greater Yellowstone Area, Montana, and Idaho), including all 66 re-introduced founders, for variation in 26 microsatellite loci over the initial 10-year recovery period (1995-2004). The population maintained high levels of variation (H-O = 0.64-0.72; allelic diversity k = 7.0-10.3) with low levels of inbreeding (F-IS < 0.03) and throughout this period, the population expanded rapidly (n(1995) = 101; n(2004) = 846). Individual-based Bayesian analyses revealed significant population genetic structure and identified three subpopulations coinciding with designated recovery areas. Population assignment and migrant detection were difficult because of the presence of related founders among different recovery areas and required a novel approach to determine genetically effective migration and admixture. However, by combining assignment tests, private alleles, sibship reconstruction, and field observations, we detected genetically effective dispersal among the three recovery areas. Successful conservation of Northern Rocky Mountain wolves will rely on management decisions that promote natural dispersal dynamics and minimize anthropogenic factors that reduce genetic connectivity. C1 [Vonholdt, Bridgett M.; Stahler, Daniel R.; Pollinger, John P.; Wayne, Robert K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Stahler, Daniel R.; Smith, Douglas W.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Jimenez, Mike D.] USFWS, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Mack, Curt M.] Gray Wolf Recovery Project, Nez Perce Tribe, McCall, ID 83638 USA. [Niemeyer, Carter C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Vonholdt, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bvonhold@ucla.edu FU USFWS's Idaho and Montana offices; Tapeats Foundation; California Wolf Center; Frank Kay Yeager; Yellowstone Park Foundation; Holloman- Price Foundation; NSF [DEB-0613730] FX Funding was provided by the USFWS's Idaho and Montana offices, an anonymous donor, Annie Graham of Tapeats Foundation, California Wolf Center, Frank & Kay Yeager, Yellowstone Park Foundation, Holloman- Price Foundation, and by NSF grant DEB-0613730. We thank the following for assistance in providing genetic samples: Dr. Steve Fain (USFWS), Jim Holyan (Nez Perce Tribe), Dr. Diane Boyd (University of Montana), Dr. Stephen Forbes (University of Montana), Dr. Mark Johnson, D. V. M., and Dr. David Coltman (University of Alberta). We thank numerous pilots and capture crews for safe and successful capture of wolves, as well as numerous field technicians for collection of field samples. Microsatellite genotyping was completed at the UCLA Genotyping Core facility with assistance from Mabel Chin. We thank Deb Guernsey (Yellowstone Wolf Project) and Jim Hoylan (Nez Perce Tribe) for organizing and managing the databases of the GYA and Idaho wolves, and Rick McIntyre for valuable Yellowstone observational data. We also thank Dr. Jinliang Wang for assistance. NR 80 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 19 IS 20 BP 4412 EP 4427 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04769.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 660JD UT WOS:000282635700006 PM 20723068 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE AF Sanford, Ward E. TI GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY Coastal flow SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID FLORIDAN AQUIFER; USA; CONVECTION AB How groundwater flow varies when long-term external conditions change is little documented. Geochemical evidence shows that sea-level rise at the end of the last glacial period led to a shift in the flow patterns of coastal groundwater beneath Florida. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 3 IS 10 BP 671 EP 672 DI 10.1038/ngeo958 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 657LJ UT WOS:000282413900007 ER PT J AU Pallister, JS McCausland, WA Jonsson, S Lu, Z Zahran, HM El Hadidy, S Aburukbah, A Stewart, ICF Lundgren, PR White, RA Moufti, MRH AF Pallister, John S. McCausland, Wendy A. Jonsson, Sigurjon Lu, Zhong Zahran, Hani M. El Hadidy, Salah Aburukbah, Abdallah Stewart, Ian C. F. Lundgren, Paul R. White, Randal A. Moufti, Mohammed R. H. TI Broad accommodation of rift-related extension recorded by dyke intrusion in Saudi Arabia SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALKALI BASALT PROVINCE; RED-SEA; WESTERN ARABIA; BENEATH; EARTHQUAKES; VOLCANO; AFAR; CONSTRAINTS; SEISMOLOGY; MAGNITUDE AB The extensive harrat lava province of Arabia formed during the past 30 million years in response to Red Sea rifting and mantle upwelling. The area was regarded as seismically quiet, but between April and June 2009 a swarm of more than 30,000 earthquakes struck one of the lava fields in the province, Harrat Lunayyir, northwest Saudi Arabia. Concerned that larger damaging earthquakes might occur, the Saudi Arabian government evacuated 40,000 people from the region. Here we use geologic, geodetic and seismic data to show that the earthquake swarm resulted from magmatic dyke intrusion. We document a surface fault rupture that is 8 km long with 91 cm of offset. Surface deformation is best modelled by the shallow intrusion of a north-west trending dyke that is about 10 km long. Seismic waves generated during the earthquakes exhibit overlapping very low-and high-frequency components. We interpret the low frequencies to represent intrusion of magma and the high frequencies to represent fracturing of the crystalline basement rocks. Rather than extension being accommodated entirely by the central Red Sea rift axis, we suggest that the broad deformation observed in Harrat Lunayyir indicates that rift margins can remain as active sites of extension throughout rifting. Our analyses allowed us to forecast the likelihood of a future eruption or large earthquake in the region and informed the decisions made by the Saudi Arabian government to return the evacuees. C1 [Pallister, John S.; McCausland, Wendy A.; Lu, Zhong; White, Randal A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Jonsson, Sigurjon] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia. [Zahran, Hani M.; El Hadidy, Salah; Aburukbah, Abdallah; Stewart, Ian C. F.] Natl Ctr Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Saudi Geol Survey, Jeddah 21514, Saudi Arabia. [Lundgren, Paul R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moufti, Mohammed R. H.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Earth Sci, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. RP Pallister, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jpallist@usgs.gov RI Jonsson, Sigurjon/G-4353-2015 OI Jonsson, Sigurjon/0000-0001-5378-7079 FU USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; USGS FX This work is the result of a joint effort of the Saudi Arabian Geological Survey (SGS), and the US Geological Survey (USGS), conducted with the assistance of the US Consulate, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We thank many SGS colleagues (too numerous to list individually here) who participated in field and laboratory work and contributed to the success of the crisis response. We also acknowledge support to the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program provided by USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, and we thank SGS President Z. Nawab for facilitating our work together. Original Envisat radar raw data are copyrighted by the European Space Agency (ESA) and were provided by ESA. We also acknowledge the Nature Geoscience reviewers and editor Whitchurch, whose contributions substantially improved this paper. NR 46 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 3 IS 10 BP 705 EP 712 DI 10.1038/NGEO966 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 657LJ UT WOS:000282413900014 ER PT J AU Nico, LG AF Nico, Leo G. TI Nocturnal and diurnal activity of armored suckermouth catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) associated with wintering Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pterygoplichthys; Diel activity pattern; Non-native fish; Invasive species ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEES; FOOD-HABITS; STREAM; FISHES; ARGENTINA; CORDOBA; DIET AB Several Pterygoplichthys species, members of the Neotropical catfish family Loricariidae, have been widely introduced outside their native ranges. In this paper, I present observations on the diel activity pattern of non-native Pterygoplichthys, tentatively identified as P. disjunctivus, with respect to their attachment and grazing on endangered Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris. The study was conducted in December 2009 at Volusia Blue Spring, an artesianal spring system in the St. Johns River basin, Florida (USA). Supplemented by information gathered during previous visits to the spring site, this study revealed that adult Pterygoplichthys are active throughout the diel period (day, twilight and night). However, juvenile Pterygoplichthys were largely nocturnal and only at night did they consistently join adults in attaching to manatees. The juveniles generally remain hidden during the day, probably responding to presence of diurnal predators, mainly birds. Differences in diel behaviors among different Pterygoplichthys size classes in Florida are consistent with published observations on loricariids inhabiting clearwater streams within their native ranges. C1 SE Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Nico, LG (reprint author), SE Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM LNico@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 8 IS 4 BP 893 EP 898 DI 10.1590/S1679-62252010005000014 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 707WE UT WOS:000286320400020 ER PT J AU Reed, SC Townsend, AR Cleveland, CC Nemergut, DR AF Reed, Sasha C. Townsend, Alan R. Cleveland, Cory C. Nemergut, Diana R. TI Microbial community shifts influence patterns in tropical forest nitrogen fixation SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Diversity; Free-living nitrogen fixation; Hotspot; Microbial community structure; nifH gene; Phosphorus ID FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; RAIN-FOREST; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL CRUSTS; NIFH GENE; DNA; ECOSYSTEM; DENITRIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS AB The role of biodiversity in ecosystem function receives substantial attention, yet despite the diversity and functional relevance of microorganisms, relationships between microbial community structure and ecosystem processes remain largely unknown. We used tropical rain forest fertilization plots to directly compare the relative abundance, composition and diversity of free-living nitrogen (N)-fixer communities to in situ leaf litter N fixation rates. N fixation rates varied greatly within the landscape, and 'hotspots' of high N fixation activity were observed in both control and phosphorus (P)-fertilized plots. Compared with zones of average activity, the N fixation 'hotspots' in unfertilized plots were characterized by marked differences in N-fixer community composition and had substantially higher overall diversity. P additions increased the efficiency of N-fixer communities, resulting in elevated rates of fixation per nifH gene. Furthermore, P fertilization increased N fixation rates and N-fixer abundance, eliminated a highly novel group of N-fixers, and increased N-fixer diversity. Yet the relationships between diversity and function were not simple, and coupling rate measurements to indicators of community structure revealed a biological dynamism not apparent from process measurements alone. Taken together, these data suggest that the rain forest litter layer maintains high N fixation rates and unique N-fixing organisms and that, as observed in plant community ecology, structural shifts in N-fixing communities may partially explain significant differences in system-scale N fixation rates. C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.; Nemergut, Diana R.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Nemergut, Diana R.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM screed@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0136957, DEB-00852916, DEB-0710404]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX This work benefited enormously from the assistance of S. Schmidt, E. Costello, R. Kysela, M. Robeson, S. Sattin, J. Metcalf, N. Fierer, A. Martin and R. Jones. We are grateful to W. Bowman, J. Neff, and T. Seastedt for discussions that shaped this research and to two anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions. We thank A. Michaud and A. Vega for help with sample collection, J. Feis, N. Ascarrunz and W. Wieder for laboratory assistance, and H. and M. Michaud, F. Campos and the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) and the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia (MINAE) in Costa Rica, for logistical support. Support was provided by National Science Foundation grants DEB-0136957 to C. C. and A. T., DEB-00852916 to C. C., D. N. and A. T., DEB-0710404 to A. T. and S. R., and a graduate research fellowship to S. R., as well as grants to A. T. and C. C. from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. These experiments all conformed with the current laws of the country in which they were performed and the authors have no conflicts of interests. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 164 IS 2 BP 521 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1649-6 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 650PB UT WOS:000281860700023 PM 20454976 ER PT J AU Kumara, MP Jayatissa, LP Krauss, KW Phillips, DH Huxham, M AF Kumara, M. P. Jayatissa, L. P. Krauss, K. W. Phillips, D. H. Huxham, M. TI High mangrove density enhances surface accretion, surface elevation change, and tree survival in coastal areas susceptible to sea-level rise SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Mangroves; Sediment accretion; Tree density; Facilitation; Sea-level rise; Sri Lanka ID SEDIMENT ACCRETION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOIL ELEVATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-ZEALAND; SRI-LANKA; FORESTS; FACILITATION; RATES; GROUNDWATER AB Survival, growth, aboveground biomass accumulation, sediment surface elevation dynamics and nitrogen accumulation in sediments were studied in experimental treatments planted with four different densities (6.96, 3.26, 1.93 and 0.95 seedlings m(-2)) of the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata in Puttalam Lagoon, Sri Lanka. Measurements were taken over a period of 1,171 days and were compared with those from unplanted controls. Trees at the lowest density showed significantly reduced survival, whilst measures of individual tree growth did not differ among treatments. Rates of surface sediment accretion (means +/- A SE) were 13.0 (+/- 1.3), 10.5 (+/- 0.9), 8.4 (+/- 0.3), 6.9 (+/- 0.5) and 5.7 (+/- 0.3) mm year(-1) at planting densities of 6.96, 3.26, 1.93, 0.95, and 0 (unplanted control) seedlings m(-2), respectively, showing highly significant differences among treatments. Mean (+/- SE) rates of surface elevation change were much lower than rates of accretion at 2.8 (+/- 0.2), 1.6 (+/- 0.1), 1.1 (+/- 0.2), 0.6 (+/- 0.2) and -0.3 (+/- 0.1) mm year(-1) for 6.96, 3.26, 1.93, 0.95, and 0 seedlings m(-2), respectively. All planted treatments accumulated greater nitrogen concentrations in the sediment compared to the unplanted control. Sediment %N was significantly different among densities which suggests one potential causal mechanism for the facilitatory effects observed: high densities of plants potentially contribute to the accretion of greater amounts of nutrient rich sediment. While this potential process needs further research, this study demonstrated how higher densities of mangroves enhance rates of sediment accretion and surface elevation processes that may be crucial in mangrove ecosystem adaptation to sea-level rise. There was no evidence that increasing plant density evoked a trade-off with growth and survival of the planted trees. Rather, facilitatory effects enhanced survival at high densities, suggesting that managers may be able to take advantage of high plantation densities to help mitigate sea-level rise effects by encouraging positive sediment surface elevation. C1 [Kumara, M. P.; Huxham, M.] Edinburgh Napier Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Jayatissa, L. P.] Univ Ruhuna, Dept Bot, Matara, Sri Lanka. [Krauss, K. W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Phillips, D. H.] Queens Univ Belfast, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Sch Planning Architecture & Civil Engn, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Kumara, MP (reprint author), Edinburgh Napier Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM kumarampp@yahoo.com RI Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010; Huxham, Mark/D-4427-2015 OI Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409; Huxham, Mark/0000-0001-7877-6675 FU Earthwatch Institute; Zurich International FX We gratefully acknowledge Earthwatch Institute and Zurich International for providing funds for this 4-year mangrove restoration study in Sri Lanka. Thanks to Mr. Daglas Thisera (Small Fishers Federation of Lanka) for field coordination. Collaborative research logistics from University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, and Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, are also acknowledged. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We confirm that this research complied with the current laws of Sri Lanka. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 164 IS 2 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1705-2 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 650PB UT WOS:000281860700025 PM 20593198 ER PT J AU Weber, RC Bills, BG Johnson, CL AF Weber, R. C. Bills, B. G. Johnson, C. L. TI A simple physical model for deep moonquake occurrence times SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE Moon; Moonquakes; Lunar interior; Lunar seismology ID TIDAL STRESSES; LUNAR SEISMICITY; MOON; CONSTITUTION; TECTONICS AB The physical process that results in moonquakes is not yet fully understood. The periodic occurrence times of events from individual clusters are clearly related to tidal stress, but also exhibit departures from the temporal regularity this relationship would seem to imply. Even simplified models that capture some of the relevant physics require a large number of variables. However, a single, easily accessible variable - the time interval I(n) between events - can be used to reveal behavior not readily observed using typical periodicity analyses (e.g., Fourier analyses). The delay-coordinate (DC) map, a particularly revealing way to display data from a time series, is a map of successive intervals: I(n + 1) plotted vs. I(n). We use a DC approach to characterize the dynamics of moonquake occurrence. Moonquake-like DC maps can be reproduced by combining sequences of synthetic events that occur with variable probability at tidal periods. Though this model gives a good description of what happens, it has little physical content, thus providing only little insight into why moonquakes occur. We investigate a more mechanistic model. In this study, we present a series of simple models of deep moonquake occurrence, with consideration of both tidal stress and stress drop during events. We first examine the behavior of inter-event times in a delay-coordinate context, and then examine the output, in that context, of a sequence of simple models of tidal forcing and stress relief. We find, as might be expected, that the stress relieved by moonquakes influences their occurrence times. Our models may also provide an explanation for the opposite-polarity events observed at some clusters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weber, R. C.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bills, B. G.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Johnson, C. L.] UBC Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Weber, RC (reprint author), USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rweber@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNH08AH55I, NNX08AL49G]; NSERC FX This work was supported by the Eugene M. Shoemaker Planetary Geology and Geophysics Fellowship awarded to RCW (Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant, NASA NNH08AH55I), and by a Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant, NASA NNX08AL49G, and NSERC grant to CLJ. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 182 IS 3-4 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2010.07.009 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 670GA UT WOS:000283408000003 ER PT J AU Schofield, DI Thomas, RJ Goodenough, KM De Waele, B Pitfield, PEJ Key, RM Bauer, W Walsh, GJ Lidke, DJ Ralison, AV Rabarimanana, M Rafahatelo, JM Randriamananjara, T AF Schofield, D. I. Thomas, R. J. Goodenough, K. M. De Waele, B. Pitfield, P. E. J. Key, R. M. Bauer, W. Walsh, G. J. Lidke, D. J. Ralison, A. V. Rabarimanana, M. Rafahatelo, J. M. Randriamananjara, T. TI Geological evolution of the Antongil Craton, NE Madagascar SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Madagascar; Archaean; Palaeoproterozoic; Antongil; Geochronology ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; EAST-AFRICAN OROGEN; DHARWAR CRATON; SOUTHERN INDIA; ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; NORTHERN MADAGASCAR; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GONDWANA; GRANITES; AGES AB The Antongil Craton, along with the Masora and Antananarivo cratons, make up the fundamental Archaean building blocks of the island of Madagascar. They were juxtaposed during the late-Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic assembly of Gondwana. In this paper we give a synthesis of the geology of the Antongil Craton and present previously published and new geochemical and U-Pb zircon analyses to provide an event history for its evolution. The oldest rocks in the Antongil Craton form a nucleus of tonalitic gneiss, characteristic of Palaeo-Mesoarchaean cratons globally, including phases dated between 3320 +/- 14 Ma to 3231 +/- 6 Ma and 3187 +/- 2 Ma to 3154 +/- 5 Ma. A series of mafic dykes was intruded into the Mesoarchaean tonalites and a sedimentary succession was deposited on the craton prior to pervasive deformation and migmatisation of the region. The age of deposition of the metasediments has been constrained from a volcanic horizon to around 3178 +/- 2 Ma and subject to migmatisation at around 2597 +/- 49 Ma. A subsequent magmatic episode generated voluminous, weakly foliated granitic rocks, that also included additions from both reworked older crustal material and younger source components. An earlier granodiorite-dominated assemblage, dated between 2570 +/- 18 Ma and 2542 +/- 5 Ma, is largely exposed in xenoliths and more continuously in the northern part of the craton, while a later monzogranite-dominated phase, dated between 2531 +/- 13 Ma and 2513 +/- 0.4 Ma is more widely developed. Together these record the stabilisation of the craton, attested to by the intrusion of a younger dyke swarm, the age of which is constrained by a sample of metagabbro dated at 2147 +/- 6 Ma, providing the first evidence for Palaeoproterozoic rocks from the Antongil Craton. The youngest events recorded in the isotopic record of the Antongil Craton are reflected in metamorphism, neocrystallisation and Pb-loss at 792 +/- 130 Ma to 763 +/- 13 Ma and 553 +/- 68 Ma. These events are interpreted as being the only manifestation of the Pan-African orogeny seen in the craton, which led to the assembly of the tectonic blocks that comprise the island. (C) 2010 NERC. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schofield, D. I.; Thomas, R. J.; De Waele, B.; Pitfield, P. E. J.; Bauer, W.] British Geol Survey, Kingsley Dunham Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Goodenough, K. M.; Key, R. M.] British Geol Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. [Walsh, G. J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Lidke, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ralison, A. V.; Rabarimanana, M.; Rafahatelo, J. M.; Randriamananjara, T.] Projet Gouvernance Ressources Minerales, Antananarivo, Madagascar. RP Schofield, DI (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Kingsley Dunham Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. EM dis@bgs.ac.uk RI Goodenough, Kathryn/E-8469-2014; OI Goodenough, Kathryn/0000-0001-5912-4831; Schofield, David/0000-0002-2669-5627 FU Australian Research Council FX The authors would like to thank the BGS, USGS and Malagasy colleagues who contributed to field mapping during the field seasons of 2005-2007. R. Tucker and F. Maldonado (USGS) are thanked for greatly improving an earlier draft of this manuscript and I. Fitzsimons and B. Moine are thanked for providing thoughtful reviews. The Projet de Gouvernance des Ressources Minerales (Madagascar) are acknowledged for providing permission to report data herein. BGS authors publish with the permission of the Executive Director BGS (Natural Environment Research Council). The Perth Consortium SHRIMP facilities at the John de Laeter Center for Mass Spectrometry (Curtin University of Technology) are funded by the Australian Research Council. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 182 IS 3 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2010.07.006 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 674PM UT WOS:000283759600003 ER PT J AU Pigati, JS Rech, JA Nekola, JC AF Pigati, Jeffrey S. Rech, Jason A. Nekola, Jeffrey C. TI Radiocarbon dating of small terrestrial gastropod shells in North America SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radiocarbon; Land snails; Limestone effect; Chronology; Quaternary ID LAND SNAIL SHELLS; BOMB C-14 DATA; AGE ANOMALIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; CARBON; CALIBRATION; SAMPLES; USA; PALEOHYDROLOGY; ALTIPLANO AB Fossil shells of small terrestrial gastropods are commonly preserved in wetland, alluvial, loess, and glacial deposits, as well as in sediments at many archeological sites. These shells are composed largely of aragonite (CaCO(3)) and potentially could be used for radiocarbon dating, but they must meet two criteria before their (14)C ages can be considered to be reliable: (1) when gastropods are alive, the (14)C activity of their shells must be in equilibrium with the (14)C activity of the atmosphere, and (2) after burial, their shells must behave as closed systems with respect to carbon. To evaluate the first criterion, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the (14)C content of the most common small terrestrial gastropods in North America, including 247 AMS measurements of modern shell material (3749 individual shells) from 46 different species. The modern gastropods that we analyzed were all collected from habitats on carbonate terrain and, therefore, the data presented here represent worst-case scenarios. In sum, similar to 78% of the shell aliquots that we analyzed did not contain dead carbon from limestone or other carbonate rocks even though it was readily available at all sites, 12% of the aliquots contained between 5 and 10% dead carbon, and a few (3% of the total) contained more than 10%. These results are significantly lower than the 20-30% dead carbon that has been reported previously for larger taxa living in carbonate terrain. For the second criterion, we report a case study from the American Midwest in which we analyzed fossil shells of small terrestrial gastropods (7 taxa; 18 AMS measurements; 173 individual shells) recovered from late-Pleistocene sediments. The fossil shells yielded (14)C ages that were statistically indistinguishable from (14)C ages of well-preserved plant macrofossils from the same stratum. Although just one site, these results suggest that small terrestrial gastropod shells may behave as closed systems with respect to carbon over geologic timescales. More work on this subject is needed, but if our case study site is representative of other sites, then fossil shells of some small terrestrial gastropods, including at least five common genera, Catinella, Columella, Discus, Gastrocopta, and Succinea, should yield reliable (14)C ages, regardless of the local geologic substrate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pigati, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rech, Jason A.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Nekola, Jeffrey C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Pigati, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jpigati@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR 0614840]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank K. Gotter for converting carbon dioxide samples to graphite at the JAR's lab at Miami University and J. Quade and the University of Arizona Desert Laboratory for access to their vacuum extraction systems. We also thank J. Rosenbaum and D. Van Sistine of the U.S. Geological Survey for their help with Figs. 1 and 2, respectively. This manuscript benefited from constructive reviews from E. Ellis, G. Hodgins, D. Muhs, M. Reheis, J. Southon, and two anonymous reviewers. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology Competition, award #EAR 0614840. Additional support was provided to JSP by the U.S. Geological Survey's Mendenhall postdoctoral research program. NR 50 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 5 IS 5 BP 519 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2010.01.001 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 702PX UT WOS:000285907700003 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Moreno, G Anderson, RS Desprat, S Grigg, LD Grimm, EC Heusser, LE Jacobs, BF Lopez-Martinez, C Whitlock, CL Willard, DA AF Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo Anderson, R. Scott Desprat, Stephanie Grigg, Laurie D. Grimm, Eric C. Heusser, Linda E. Jacobs, Bonnie F. Lopez-Martinez, Constancia Whitlock, Cathy L. Willard, Debra A. TI Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from North America SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID LATE-QUATERNARY VEGETATION; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; ATLANTIC HEINRICH EVENTS; BERING LAND-BRIDGE; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; POLLEN RECORD; SIERRA-NEVADA AB High-resolution pollen records from North America show that terrestrial environments were affected by Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) and Heinrich climate variability during the last glacial. In the western, more mountainous regions, these climate changes are generally observed in the pollen records as altitudinal movements of climate-sensitive plant species, whereas in the southeast, they are recorded as latitudinal shifts in vegetation. Heinrich (HS) and Greenland (GS) stadials are generally correlated with cold and dry climate and Greenland interstadials (GI) with warm-wet phases. The pollen records from North America confirm that vegetation responds rapidly to millennial-scale climate variability, although the difficulties in establishing independent age models for the pollen records make determination of the absolute phasing of the records to surface temperatures in Greenland somewhat uncertain. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo] Univ Granada, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Granada 18002, Spain. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Environm Programs, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Desprat, Stephanie] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Grigg, Laurie D.] Norwich Univ, Geol & Environm Sci Dept, Northfield, VT 05663 USA. [Grimm, Eric C.] Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Jacobs, Bonnie F.] So Methodist Univ, Roy M Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Lopez-Martinez, Constancia] Univ Bordeaux 1, EPHE, UMR 5805, CNRS,EPOC, F-33405 Talence, France. [Whitlock, Cathy L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Willard, Debra A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jimenez-Moreno, G (reprint author), Univ Granada, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Granada 18002, Spain. RI Grimm, Eric/G-3011-2013; Desprat, Stephanie/N-7637-2013; OI Desprat, Stephanie/0000-0003-4400-679X; Jimenez Moreno, Gonzalo/0000-0001-7185-8686 FU NERC FX This paper was conceived at a workshop sponsored by the UK QUEST (Quantifying Uncertainty in the Earth System) programme of NERC in support of the QUEST project DESIRE (Dynamics of the Earth System and the Ice-core REcord) and is a contribution to the ongoing work of the QUEST Working Group on Abrupt Climate Change. The authors are indebted to A. de Vernal, D. Peteet, N. Pisias, two anonymous reviewers and the editors (S. P. Harrison and M.F. Sanchez Goni) for their thoughtful reviews. Laboratory of Paleoecology Contribution No. 122. NR 151 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 21-22 SI SI BP 2865 EP 2881 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.12.013 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 662ZA UT WOS:000282851600004 ER PT J AU Pervez, MS Brown, JF AF Pervez, Md Shahriar Brown, Jesslyn F. TI Mapping Irrigated Lands at 250-m Scale by Merging MODIS Data and National Agricultural Statistics SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE irrigated area maps; irrigated agriculture; USDA irrigation statistics; MODIS NDVI; geospatial modeling AB Accurate geospatial information on the extent of irrigated land improves our understanding of agricultural water use, local land surface processes, conservation or depletion of water resources, and components of the hydrologic budget. We have developed a method in a geospatial modeling framework that assimilates irrigation statistics with remotely sensed parameters describing vegetation growth conditions in areas with agricultural land cover to spatially identify irrigated lands at 250-m cell size across the conterminous United States for 2002. The geospatial model result, known as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Irrigated Agriculture Dataset (MIrAD-US), identified irrigated lands with reasonable accuracy in California and semiarid Great Plains states with overall accuracies of 92% and 75% and kappa statistics of 0.75 and 0.51, respectively. A quantitative accuracy assessment of MIrAD-US for the eastern region has not yet been conducted, and qualitative assessment shows that model improvements are needed for the humid eastern regions where the distinction in annual peak NDVI between irrigated and non-irrigated crops is minimal and county sizes are relatively small. This modeling approach enables consistent mapping of irrigated lands based upon USDA irrigation statistics and should lead to better understanding of spatial trends in irrigated lands across the conterminous United States. An improved version of the model with revised datasets is planned and will employ 2007 USDA irrigation statistics. C1 [Pervez, Md Shahriar] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Pervez, Md Shahriar; Brown, Jesslyn F.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Pervez, MS (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM spervez@usgs.gov; jfbrown@usgs.gov OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 FU USGS [08HQCN0005] FX This work is performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0005. We would like to acknowledge the Kansas Applied Remote Sensing Program for downloading, mosaicking, and projecting the MODIS vegetation index data used in this project. We sincerely thank Santhosh K. Seelan and Bethany A. Kurz of the University of North Dakota for providing us the ground reference irrigation data for the Great Plains. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2388 EP 2412 DI 10.3390/rs2102388 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HR UT WOS:000208402000005 ER PT J AU Eitzmann, JL Paukert, CP AF Eitzmann, Jeffrey L. Paukert, Craig P. TI URBANIZATION IN A GREAT PLAINS RIVER: EFFECTS ON FISHES AND FOOD WEBS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river food webs; stable isotopes; Kansas River; spatial variation; habitat heterogeneity ID CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; LAND-USE; WATERSHED URBANIZATION; URBAN GRADIENT; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15; STREAMS; COMMUNITIES; DELTA-C-13 AB Spatial variation of habitat and food web structure of the fish community was investigated at three reaches in the Kansas River, USA to determine if delta(13)C variability and delta(15)N values differ longitudinally and are related to urbanization and instream habitat. Fish and macroinvertebrates were collected at three river reaches in the Kansas River classified as the less urbanized reach (no urban in riparian zone; 40% grass islands and sand bars, braided channel), intermediate (14% riparian zone as urban; 22% grass islands and sand bars) and urbanized (59% of riparian zone as urban; 6% grass islands and sand bars, highly channelized) reaches in June 2006. The less urbanized reach had higher variability in delta(13)C than the intermediate and urbanized reaches, suggesting fish from these reaches utilized a variety of carbon sources. The delta(15)N also indicated that omnivorous and detritivorous fish species tended to consume prey at higher trophic levels in the less urbanized reach. Channelization and reduction of habitat related to urbanization may be linked to homogenization of instream habitat, which was related to river food webs. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Eitzmann, Jeffrey L.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks State Wildlife [T-15-R-1]; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors thank Luke Kowalewski, Andy Makinster, Miles Thompson and Tony Ferlage for field and laboratory data collection. They also thank Walter Dodds, Nate Franssen and Keith Gido for providing beneficial comments on the manuscript and Kristen Hase and Mark Van Scoyoc for providing funding for this project through the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks State Wildlife Grant T-15-R-1. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government, the US Geological Survey or other sponsoring or participating agencies. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 26 IS 8 BP 948 EP 959 DI 10.1002/rra.1326 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 671VM UT WOS:000283539500002 ER PT J AU Paull, CK Ussler, W Holbrook, WS Hill, TM Haflidason, H Winters, W Lorenson, T Aiello, I Johnson, JE Lundsten, E AF Paull, Charles K. Ussler, William, III Holbrook, W. Steven Hill, Tessa M. Haflidason, Haflidi Winters, William Lorenson, Thomas Aiello, Ivano Johnson, Joel E. Lundsten, Eve TI The tail of the Storegga Slide: insights from the geochemistry and sedimentology of the Norwegian Basin deposits SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geochemistry; Norweigian Basin; Storegga; turbidity current ID RECENT TURBIDITE DEPOSITION; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; DEBRIS FLOWS; ASH LAYER; NORTH-SEA; SULFATE; OXIDATION; CURRENTS AB Deposits within the floor of the Norwegian Basin were sampled to characterize the deposition from the Storegga Slide, the largest known Holocene-aged continental margin slope failure complex. A 29 to 67 cm thick veneer of variable-coloured, finely layered Holocene sediment caps a homogeneous, extremely well-sorted, poorly consolidated, very fine-grained, grey-coloured sediment section that is > 20 m thick on the basin floor. This homogeneous unit is interpreted to represent the uppermost deposits generated by a gravity flow associated with the last major Storegga Slide event. Sediments analogous to the inferred source material of the slide deposits were collected from upslope on the Norwegian Margin. Sediments sampled within the basin are distinguishable from the purported source sediments, suggesting that size sorting has significantly altered this material along its flow path. Moreover, the very fine grain size (3 center dot 1 +/- 0 center dot 3 mu m) suggests that the > 20 m thick homogeneous unit which was sampled settled from suspension after the turbulent flow was over. Although the turbulent phase of the gravity flow that moved material out into the basin may have been brief (days), significantly more time (years) is required for turbid sediments to settle and dewater and for the new sea floor to be colonized with a normal benthonic fauna. Pore water sulphate concentrations within the uppermost 20 m of the event deposit are higher than those normally found in sea water. Apparently the impact of microbial sulphate reduction over the last ca 8 center dot 1 cal ka bp since the re-deposition of these sediments has not been adequate to regenerate a typical sulphate gradient of decreasing concentration with sub-bottom depth. This observation suggests low rates of microbial reactions, which may be attributed to the refractory carbon composition in these re-deposited sediments. C1 [Paull, Charles K.; Ussler, William, III; Lundsten, Eve] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Holbrook, W. Steven] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hill, Tessa M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Haflidason, Haflidi] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Winters, William] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lorenson, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Aiello, Ivano] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Johnson, Joel E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM paull@mbari.org RI Holbrook, W. Steven/G-9800-2011; OI Holbrook, W. Steven/0000-0003-0065-8841; Johnson, Joel/0000-0002-5671-7209 FU NSF [OCE-0221366]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The NSF (OCE-0221366) and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support for this work. The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate kindly provided access to regional seismic reflection data. We thank John Pohlman, Dave Twichell and two anonymous referees for excellent comments. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0037-0746 EI 1365-3091 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1429 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2010.01150.x PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA 650FP UT WOS:000281834900002 ER PT J AU Blasch, KW Ferre, TPA Vrugt, JA AF Blasch, Kyle W. Ferre, Ty P. A. Vrugt, Jasper A. TI Environmental controls on drainage behavior of an ephemeral stream SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Ephemeral stream; Redistribution; Drainage; Rhizosphere; Restoration AB Streambed drainage was measured at the cessation of 26 ephemeral streamflow events in Rillito Creek, Tucson, Arizona from August 2000 to June 2002 using buried time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. An unusual drainage response was identified, which was characterized by sharp drainage from saturation to near field capacity at each depth with an increased delay between depths. We simulated the drainage response using a variably saturated numerical flow model representing a two-layer system with a high permeability layer overlying a lower permeability layer. Both the observed data and the numerical simulation show a strong correlation between the drainage velocity and the temperature of the stream water. A linear combination of temperature and the no-flow period preceding flow explained about 90% of the measured variations in drainage velocity. Evaluation of this correlative relationship with the one-dimensional numerical flow model showed that the observed temperature fluctuations could not reproduce the magnitude of variation in the observed drainage velocity. Instead, the model results indicated that flow duration exerts the most control on drainage velocity, with the drainage velocity decreasing nonlinearly with increasing flow duration. These findings suggest flow duration is a primary control of water availability for plant uptake in near surface sediments of an ephemeral stream, an important finding for estimating the ecological risk of natural or engineered changes to streamflow patterns. Correlative analyses of soil moisture data, although easy and widely used, can result in erroneous conclusions of hydrologic cause-effect relationships, and demonstrating the need for joint physically-based numerical modeling and data synthesis for hypothesis testing to support quantitative risk analysis. C1 [Blasch, Kyle W.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Blasch, Kyle W.; Ferre, Ty P. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div EES 16, Theoret Div T5, Ctr Nonlinear Studies CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blasch, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kblasch@usgs.gov RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 FU USGS Arizona Water Science Center; LANL FX We would like to thank Shlomo Neuman for discussions that established the need for numerical modeling beyond simple correlative data analysis and the USGS Arizona Water Science Center for its financial support. The 3rd author was supported by a J. Robert Oppenheimer Fellowship from the LANL postdoctoral program. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1077 EP 1087 DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0398-8 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 678JP UT WOS:000284070200011 ER PT J AU Andrews, GP Vernati, G Ulrich, R Rocke, TE Edwards, WH Adamovicz, JJ AF Andrews, Gerard P. Vernati, Giulia Ulrich, Ricky Rocke, Tonie E. Edwards, William H. Adamovicz, Jeffrey J. TI Identification of In Vivo-Induced Conserved Sequences from Yersinia pestis During Experimental Plague Infection in the Rabbit SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Plague; Yersinia; Immunology; Diagnostics ID ANTIGEN TECHNOLOGY IVIAT; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; SECRETION SYSTEM; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; BUBONIC PLAGUE; AUTOTRANSPORTER PROTEINS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; FUSION PROTEIN; OUTER PROTEINS AB In an effort to identify the novel virulence determinants of Yersinia pestis, we applied the gene "discovery'' methodology, in vivo-induced (IVI) antigen technology, to detect genes upregulated during infection in a laboratory rabbit model for bubonic plague. After screening over 70,000 Escherichia coli clones of Y. pestis DNA expression libraries, products from 25 loci were identified as being seroreactive to reductively adsorbed, pooled immune serum. Upon sequence analysis of the predicted IVI gene products, more frequently encountered conserved protein functional categories have emerged, to include type-V autotransporters and components of more complex secretion systems including types III and VI. The recombinant products from eight selected clones were subsequently immunoblotted against pooled immune serum from two naturally infected host species: the prairie dog, and a species refractory to lethal disease, the coyote. Immune prairie dog serum recognized 2-3 of the rabbit-reactive antigens, suggesting at least some overlap in the pathogen's in vivo survival mechanisms between these two hosts. Although the coyote serum failed to recognize most of the IVI antigens, LepA was universally reactive with all three host sera. Collectively, the profiles/patterns of IVI conserved sequences (IVICS) may represent immune "signatures'' among different host species, possessing the potential for use as a diagnostic tool for plague. Further, the antigenic nature of IVICS makes them ideal for further evaluation as novel subunit vaccine candidates. The gathering of additional data and analysis of the intact IVI genes and the expressed IVICS products should provide insight into the unique biologic processes of Y. pestis during infection and reveal the genetic patterns of the pathogen's survival strategy in different hosts. C1 [Andrews, Gerard P.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Ulrich, Ricky] USA, Bacteriol Div, Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Edwards, William H.] Wyoming State Game & Fish, Laramie, WY USA. RP Andrews, GP (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Dept Vet Sci, 1174 Snowy Range Rd, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM gandrews@uwyo.edu OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) [W81XWH-05-0047] FX The authors thank Steven Little and Amy Permenter for their excellent technical help, as well as Kim Andrews for her critical review of this manuscript. This study was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (USAMRIID CRDA; no. W81XWH-05-0047). NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 749 EP 756 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0179 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 669NT UT WOS:000283358200006 PM 20055582 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Riskin, ML Szabo, Z Reilly, PA Rosman, R Bonin, JL Fischer, JM Heckathorn, HA AF Barringer, Julia L. Riskin, Melissa L. Szabo, Zoltan Reilly, Pamela A. Rosman, Robert Bonin, Jennifer L. Fischer, Jeffrey M. Heckathorn, Heather A. TI Mercury and Methylmercury Dynamics in a Coastal Plain Watershed, New Jersey, USA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Methylmercury; Wetlands; Streamwater; Groundwater; Land use ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; IN-GROUND WATER; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TRANSPORT; MATTER; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY AB The upper Great Egg Harbor River watershed in New Jersey's Coastal Plain is urbanized but extensive freshwater wetlands are present downstream. In 2006-2007, studies to assess levels of total mercury (THg) found concentrations in unfiltered streamwater to range as high as 187 ng/L in urbanized areas. THg concentrations were < 20 ng/L in streamwater in forested/wetlands areas where both THg and dissolved organic carbon concentrations tended to increase while pH and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nitrate decreased with flushing of soils after rain. Most of the river's flow comes from groundwater seepage; unfiltered groundwater samples contained up to 177 ng/L of THg in urban areas where there is a history of well water with THg that exceeds the drinking water standard (2,000 ng/L). THg concentrations were lower (< 25 ng/L) in unfiltered groundwater from downstream wetland areas. In addition to higher THg concentrations (mostly particulate), concentrations of chloride were higher in streamwater and groundwater from urban areas than in those from downstream wetland areas. Methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in unfiltered streamwater ranged from 0.17 ng/L at a forest/wetlands site to 2.94 ng/L at an urban site. The percentage of THg present as MeHg increased as the percentage of forest + wetlands increased, but also was high in some urban areas. MeHg was detected only in groundwater < 1 m below the water/sediment interface. Atmospheric deposition is presumed to be the main source of Hg to the wetlands and also may be a source to groundwater, where wastewater inputs in urban areas are hypothesized to mobilize Hg deposited to soils. C1 [Barringer, Julia L.; Riskin, Melissa L.; Szabo, Zoltan; Reilly, Pamela A.; Rosman, Robert; Bonin, Jennifer L.; Fischer, Jeffrey M.; Heckathorn, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jbarring@usgs.gov FU USGS; NJDEP FX Funds for these studies were provided by the USGS and NJDEP. The authors gratefully acknowledge Mark Brigham (USGS) and Barbara Hirst and Kimberly Cenno (NJDEP) for administrative assistance. Special thanks go to USGS colleagues Donald Rice, William Ellis, and Denis Sun for GIS and illustrative work and to Mark Brigham and Paul Schuster for helpful comments on early drafts of this paper. The authors are grateful for the insightful comments of two anonymous reviewers that led to a much improved manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 212 IS 1-4 BP 251 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s11270-010-0340-1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 652EH UT WOS:000281983900022 ER PT J AU Mohanram, A Ray, C Harvey, RW Metge, DW Ryan, JN Chorover, J Eberl, DD AF Mohanram, Arvind Ray, Chittaranjan Harvey, Ronald W. Metge, David W. Ryan, Joseph N. Chorover, Jon Eberl, D. D. TI Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; Oocysts; Preferential flow; Reversible attachment; Microspheres; Organic matter; pH; Tropical soils; Volcanic soils; Microbial transport ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL FILTRATION; COLLOID MOBILIZATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SANDY AQUIFER; SOIL COLUMNS; GROUNDWATER; GIARDIA; SURFACE; SEDIMENT; BACTERIA AB In order to gain more information about the fate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in tropical volcanic soils, the transport and attachment behaviors of oocysts and oocyst-sized polystyrene microspheres were studied in the presence of two soils. These soils were chosen because of their differing chemical and physical properties, i.e., an organic-rich (43-46% by mass) volcanic ash-derived soil from the island of Hawaii, and a red, iron (22-29% by mass), aluminum (29-45% by mass), and clay-rich (68-76% by mass) volcanic soil from the island of Oahu. A third agricultural soil, an organic- (13% by mass) and quartz-rich (40% by mass) soil from Illinois, was included for reference. In 10-cm long flow-through columns, oocysts and microspheres advecting through the red volcanic soil were almost completely (98% and 99%) immobilized. The modest breakthrough resulted from preferential flow-path structure inadvertently created by soil-particle aggregation during the re-wetting process. Although a high (99%) removal of oocysts and microsphere within the volcanic ash soil occurred initially, further examination revealed that transport was merely retarded because of highly reversible interactions with grain surfaces. Judging from the slope of the substantive and protracted tail of the breakthrough curve for the 1.8-mu m microspheres, almost all (> 99%) predictably would be recovered within similar to 4000 pore volumes. This suggests that once contaminated, the volcanic ash soil could serve as a reservoir for subsequent contamination of groundwater, at least for pathogens of similar size or smaller. Because of the highly reversible nature of organic colloid immobilization in this soil type, C. parvum could contaminate surface water should overland flow during heavy precipitation events pick up near-surface grains to which they are attached. Surprisingly, oocyst and microsphere attachment to the reference soil from Illinois appeared to be at least as sensitive to changes in pH as was observed for the red, metal-oxide rich soil from Oahu. In contrast, colloidal attachment in the organic-rich, volcanic ash soil was relatively insensitive to changes in pH in spite of the high iron content. Given the fundamental differences in transport behavior of oocyst-sized colloids within the two volcanic soils of similar origin, agricultural practices modified to lessen C. parvum contamination of ground or surface water would necessitate taking the individual soil properties into account. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harvey, Ronald W.; Metge, David W.; Eberl, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mohanram, Arvind] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Harvey, Ronald W.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chorover, Jon] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM arvind@hawaii.edu; cray@hawaii.edu; rwharvey@usgs.gov; dwmetge@usgs.gov; joseph.ryan@colorado.edu; chorover@cals.arizona.edu; ddeberl@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) [2006-35102-17192]; University of Hawaii FX The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Jiri Simunek of the University of California Riverside for providing assistance with HYDRUS, Don Keefer of Illinois State Geological Survey for providing the Drummer soil, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) (Grant #2006-35102-17192, University of Hawaii as lead) for providing funding to carry out this research. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 18 BP 5334 EP 5344 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 749UY UT WOS:000289497600021 PM 20637489 ER PT J AU Clayton, JA Kean, JW AF Clayton, Jordan A. Kean, Jason W. TI Establishing a Multi-scale Stream Gaging Network in the Whitewater River Basin, Kansas, USA SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Stream gaging; Rating curve; Whitewater River; Channel network ID FLOOD-ROUTING METHODS; UNGAUGED BASINS; MODEL; PREDICTIONS; MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENTS; DISCHARGE; DYNAMICS; FUTURE AB Investigating the routing of streamflow through a large drainage basin requires the determination of discharge at numerous locations in the channel network. Establishing a dense network of stream gages using conventional methods is both cost-prohibitive and functionally impractical for many research projects. We employ herein a previously tested, fluid-mechanically based model for generating rating curves to establish a stream gaging network in the Whitewater River basin in south-central Kansas. The model was developed for the type of channels typically found in this watershed, meaning that it is designed to handle deep, narrow geomorphically stable channels with irregular planforms, and can model overbank flow over a vegetated floodplain. We applied the model to ten previously ungaged stream reaches in the basin, ranging from third- to sixth-order channels. At each site, detailed field measurements of the channel and floodplain morphology, bed and bank roughness, and vegetation characteristics were used to quantify the roughness for a range of flow stages, from low flow to overbank flooding. Rating curves that relate stage to discharge were developed for all ten sites. Both fieldwork and modeling were completed in less than 2 years during an anomalously dry period in the region, which underscores an advantage of using theoretically based (as opposed to empirically based) discharge estimation techniques. C1 [Clayton, Jordan A.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Clayton, JA (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 4105, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM jclayton@gsu.edu; jwkean@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 FU US Geological Survey FX We thank J. Dungan Smith of the US Geological Survey and Witold Krajewski and Anton Kruger of the IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering facility of the University of Iowa for supporting this work and for their valuable insights as the project progressed. We were greatly aided by the devoted field assistance of John Knowles, Spencer Logan, Ricardo Mantilla, Rod Soper, Craig Webb, and Kristina Wynne. We also thank the personnel of the Southern Great Plains unit of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program of the U. S. Department of Energy for their help in monitoring the network of pressure transducers in the basin. Ned Andrews and John Moody generously made available several key field instruments. This manuscript was greatly improved by insightful comments from Eleanor Griffin, Ricardo Mantilla, and two anonymous reviewers. Finally and most importantly, this work would not have been possible without the cooperation and trust of various Whitewater River basin landowners. The investigation of flood routing in the Whitewater River basin was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant EAR0450320. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 13 BP 3641 EP 3664 DI 10.1007/s11269-010-9624-x PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 649BT UT WOS:000281742000017 ER PT J AU McGinnis, TW Shook, CD Keeley, JE AF McGinnis, Thomas W. Shook, Christine D. Keeley, Jon E. TI Estimating Aboveground Biomass for Broadleaf Woody Plants and Young Conifers in Sierra Nevada, California, Forests SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE biomass; regression; shrub; conifer; foliage ID EQUATIONS; OREGON; TREES AB Quantification of biomass is fundamental to a wide range of research and natural resource management goals. An accurate estimation of plant biomass is essential to predict potential fire behavior, calculate carbon sequestration for global climate change research, assess critical wildlife habitat, and so forth. Reliable allometric equations from simple field measurements are necessary for efficient evaluation of plant biomass. However, allometric equations are not available for many common woody plant taxa in the Sierra Nevada. In this report, we present more than 200 regression equations for the Sierra Nevada western slope that relate crown diameter, plant height, crown volume, stem diameter, and both crown diameter and height to the dry weight of foliage, branches, and entire aboveground biomass. Destructive sampling methods resulted in regression equations that accurately predict biomass from one or two simple, nondestructive field measurements. The tables presented here will allow researchers and natural resource managers to easily choose the best equations to fit their biomass assessment needs. C1 [McGinnis, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP McGinnis, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM tmcginnis@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663BV UT WOS:000282858900008 ER PT J AU Iercek, MT Stottlemyer, R Renkin, R AF Iercek, Michael T. Stottlemyer, Robert Renkin, Roy TI BOTTOM-UP FACTORS INFLUENCING RIPARIAN WILLOW RECOVERY IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone; National Park; Salix willow; wolf reintroduction trophic cascaade abiotic factors bottom up; factors riparian vegetation ID TROPHIC CASCADE; NORTHERN RANGE; ELK HERD; WOLVES; PREDATION; RESPONSES; SHAPES; RISK AB After the elimination of wolves (Canis lupis L) in the 1920s wood ripari in plant communities on the northern range of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) declined an estimated 50% After the reintroduction of wolves in 1995-1996 riparian willows (Salix spp) on YNP s northern range showed significant growth fin the first time since the 1920s However the p ice of willow recovery h is not been uniform Some communities have exceeded 400 cm while others are still at pre 1995 levels of <80 cm mean height We took intensive repeated mensurements of abiotic factors including soil and water table characteristics to determine whether these factors might be contributing to the varying pace of willow recovery Willows it all of our stud) sites were short (<250 cm max height) piror to 1995 and has e recovered to varying degrees since We contrasted till (>250 cm max height) willow sites where willows had escaped elk (Cervus elaphus L) browsing with short willow sites that could still be browsed Unlike studies that m inpulated willow height with fences and artificial dams we examined sites that had natural growth differernces in height since the reintroduction of wolves Tall willow sites had greater water availability more rapid net soil nitrogen mineralization greater snow depth lower soil respiration rates and cooler summer soil temperatures thin ne irk short willow sites Most of these differences were measured both in herbaceous ate is adjacent to the willow pitches and in the willow patches themselves suggesting that they were not effects of vu-sing willow height rumen but were instead preexisting site differences that may have contributed to increased plant productivity Our results agree with c idler studies in experimental plots which suggest that the varying pace of willow recovery has been influenced by abotic limiting factors that interact with top down reductions in willow browsing by elk C1 [Iercek, Michael T.] Walking Shadow Ecol, Cardiner, MT 59030 USA. [Stottlemyer, Robert] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Renkin, Roy] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Iercek, MT (reprint author), Walking Shadow Ecol, Box 1085, Cardiner, MT 59030 USA. FU Natural Resources Protection Program (NRPP) FX This work was funded by a grant from the Natural Resources Protection Program (NRPP) We thank Linda Zeigenfuss (USGS) and Lorna Mclntyie for help with field work We also thank Christie Hendrix and Christine Smith (National Park Service) for then help with research permits and logistics Funding for this study was origmally obtained by Dr Francis Singer (deceased), who spent many vears as a wildlife ecologist in Yellowstone National Park We thank David J Cooper, Duncan Patten, Linda C Zcigenfuss, Martha Apple, and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on drafts of the manuscript NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 40 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2010 VL 70 IS 3 BP 387 EP 399 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682XG UT WOS:000284435700011 ER PT J AU Miller, MR Garr, JD Coates, PS AF Miller, Michael R. Garr, Jay D. Coates, Peter S. TI Changes in the Status of Harvested Rice Fields in the Sacramento Valley, California: Implications for Wintering Waterfowl SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Field status; Flooded; Foraging habitat; Survey ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; WATERBIRD COMMUNITIES; NORTHERN PINTAILS; WASTE RICE; HABITAT; FOODS; TEXAS AB Harvested rice fields provide critical foraging habitat for wintering waterfowl in North America, but their value depends upon post-harvest treatments. We visited harvested ricefields in the Sacramento Valley, California, during the winters of 2007 and 2008 (recent period) and recorded their observed status as harvested (standing or mechanically modified stubble), burned, plowed, or flooded. We compared these data with those from identical studies conducted during the 1980s (early period). We documented substantial changes in field status between periods. First, the area of flooded rice increased 4-5-fold, from about 15% to >40% of fields, because of a 3-4-fold increase in the percentage of fields flooded coupled with a 37-41% increase in the area of rice produced. Concurrently, the area of plowed fields increased from <22% to >35% of fields, burned fields declined from about 40% to 1%, and fields categorized as harvested declined from 22-54% to <15%. The increased flooding has likely increased access to food resources for wintering waterfowl, but this benefit may not be available to some goose species, and may be at least partially countered by the increase of plowed fields, especially those left dry, and the decrease of fields left as harvested. We encourage waterfowl managers to implement a rice field status survey in the Sacramento Valley and other North American rice growing regions as appropriate to support long-term monitoring programs and wetland habitat conservation planning for wintering waterfowl. C1 [Miller, Michael R.; Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Garr, Jay D.] Wildlife Friendly Farming, Colusa, CA 95932 USA. RP Miller, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_r_miller@usgs.gov FU The California Waterfowl Association; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank F. A. Reid of Ducks Unlimited, Inc., R. D. Shaffer of the Central Valley Joint Venture, and P. G. Buttner of the California Rice Commission for providing funds to support the new research. R. S. Holbrook of the Central Valley Joint Venture assisted with project coordination, and T. Allen-Hurst of Ducks Unlimited prepared the contracts and provided rice grower survey data. The California Waterfowl Association funded and J. H. Day conducted the 1988 survey, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funded the 1985 and 1986 surveys. C. S. Elphick, D. A. Haukos and M. A. Wolder provided many suggestions to improve the manuscript. J. L. Yee assisted with the statistical analyses. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 939 EP 947 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0090-2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691VW UT WOS:000285109900010 ER PT J AU Leicht-Young, SA Pavlovic, NB Frohnapple, KJ Grundel, R AF Leicht-Young, Stacey A. Pavlovic, Noel B. Frohnapple, Krystalynn J. Grundel, Ralph TI Liana habitat and host preferences in northern temperate forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Deciduous temperate forests; Lianas; Parthenocissus quinquefolia; Southern Lake Michigan; Vines ID NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FOREST; CELASTRUS-ORBICULATUS; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TREE REGENERATION; LOWLAND FOREST; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH; DYNAMICS AB Lianas and other climbers are important ecological and structural components of forest communities. Like other plants, their abundance in a given habitat depends on a variety of factors, such as light, soil moisture and nutrients. However, since lianas require external support, host tree characteristics also influence their distribution. Lianas are conspicuous life forms in tropical regions, but in temperate areas, where they are less prominent, little is known about factors that control their distributions in these forests. We surveyed the climbing plant species in 20 mature (100 years and greater) forested habitats in the Midwest USA at a variety of levels from simple presence/absence, to ground layer abundances, to those species that had ascended trees. We also examined attributes of the tree species with climbers attached to them. Using cluster analysis, we distinguished five different tree communities in our survey locations. We determined that 25% of the trees we surveyed had one or more lianas attached to it, with Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) the most common climbing species encountered. Canopy cover and soil attributes both influenced climber species presence/absence and ground layer climber abundance. The proportion of liana species of a given climbing type (roots, stem twiner, tendril climber) was significantly related to the DBH of the host tree, with more root climbers and fewer stem and tendril climbers on large trees. In general, the DBH of climbing lianas had a significant positive relationship to the DBH of the host tree; however this varied by the identity of the liana and the tree species. The greater the DBH of the host tree, the higher the probability that it was colonized by one or more lianas, with tree species such as Pinus banksiana (jack pine) and Quercus alba (white oak) being more susceptible to liana colonization than others. Finally, some liana species such as Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet) showed a preference for certain tree species (i.e., P. banksiana) as hosts. The information obtained about the relationship between the tree and climber community in this study provides insight into some of the factors that influence liana distributions in understudied temperate forest habitats and how lianas contribute to the structure of these mature forests. In addition, these data can provide a point of comparison to other liana communities in both temperate and tropical regions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Pavlovic, Noel B.; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.; Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Leicht-Young, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM slyoung@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 16 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 9 BP 1467 EP 1477 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.045 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 670WO UT WOS:000283458600006 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Dunk, JR Yaeger, JS LaPlante, DW AF Zielinski, William J. Dunk, Jeffrey R. Yaeger, J. Scott LaPlante, David W. TI Developing and testing a landscape-scale habitat suitability model for fisher (Martes pennanti) in forests of interior northern California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fisher; Martes pennanti; California; Klamath; Habitat suitability; Landscape ecology; Habitat modeling ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; USA; PREDICTION; RANGE; METAPOPULATION; CARNIVORES; REGRESSION; SELECTION AB The fisher is warranted for protection under the Endangered Species Act in the western United States and, as such, it is especially important that conservation and management actions are based on sound scientific information. We developed a landscape-scale suitability model for interior northern California to predict the probability of detecting fishers and to identify areas of important fisher habitat. Previous models have been extrapolated to this region, but our model was developed from the results of strategically planned detection surveys within the study area. We used generalized additive modeling to create a model that best distinguished detection (n = 55) from non-detection (n = 90) locations on the basis of environmental covariates. Four models were averaged to create a final model including the following variables: Amount of Dense Forest, Percent Hardwood, Medium & Large Trees, Structurally Complex Forest, Adjusted Elevation, Insolation Index and Predicted Abundance of Mammalian Prey. This model was well calibrated and correctly classified fisher detections 83.6% of the time and absences (non-detections) 70.0%. Independent test data were classified less well; 76.2% and 53.0%, respectively, perhaps a result of differences in the spatial and temporal characteristics of the data used to build versus test the model. The model is the first comprehensive portrayal of the distribution and configuration of habitat suitability in this region and provides managers a tool to monitor habitat change over time and to plan vegetation treatments. It also represents an example for the development of similar models for dispersal-limited mammals with large area needs, as well as other species associated with late-successional forests in northern California. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zielinski, William J.; Dunk, Jeffrey R.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Dunk, Jeffrey R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Yaeger, J. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka Fish & Wildlife Off, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. [LaPlante, David W.] Nat Resource Geospatial, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service Klamath National Forest; Humboldt State University FX We thank the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, particularly L Finley, for funding. The USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region also provided support for field survey work. Financial and in-kind support was provided by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region, USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Klamath National Forest, and Humboldt State University. K. Aubry, C. Carroll, S. Farber, R. Klug, D. Tomascheski, and B. Woodbridge provided useful comments on early drafts and J. Werren and B. Howard provided assistance with GIS and database management, respectively. R. Schlexer was instrumental in assisting with data management and coordinating the Pacific Southwest Research station field work and C. Carroll provided important foundational work. K. Slauson, T. Kirk, and D. Madrone supervised some of the field data collection efforts. We also thank Sierra Pacific Industries, Roseburg Forest Products, Timber Products Company, and Fruit Growers Supply Company for their cooperation. Additional logistical support and equipment were provided by USDA Shasta Trinity National Forest, Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation, Green Diamond Resource Company. Test data were provided by L. Lindstand III, S. Farber, M. Higley, B. Furnass, G. Diridorni, S. Dark, and K. Slauson. K. West, USDA Forest Service, Klamath National Forest, was instrumental in helping conceive and secure funding for a portion of the work. Funding for JRD was provided by the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Yreka, California. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 11 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 9 BP 1579 EP 1591 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.006 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 670WO UT WOS:000283458600017 ER PT J AU Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Bellutta, P Cabrol, NA Catalano, JG Cohen, J Crumpler, LS Marais, DJD Estlin, TA Farrand, WH Gellert, R Grant, JA Greenberger, RN Guinness, EA Herkenhoff, KE Herman, JA Iagnemma, KD Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Li, R Lichtenberg, KA Maxwell, SA Ming, DW Morris, RV Rice, MS Ruff, SW Shaw, A Siebach, KL de Souza, PA Stroupe, AW Squyres, SW Sullivan, RJ Talley, KP Townsend, JA Wang, A Wright, JR Yen, AS AF Arvidson, R. E. Bell, J. F., III Bellutta, P. Cabrol, N. A. Catalano, J. G. Cohen, J. Crumpler, L. S. Marais, D. J. Des Estlin, T. A. Farrand, W. H. Gellert, R. Grant, J. A. Greenberger, R. N. Guinness, E. A. Herkenhoff, K. E. Herman, J. A. Iagnemma, K. D. Johnson, J. R. Klingelhoefer, G. Li, R. Lichtenberg, K. A. Maxwell, S. A. Ming, D. W. Morris, R. V. Rice, M. S. Ruff, S. W. Shaw, A. Siebach, K. L. de Souza, P. A. Stroupe, A. W. Squyres, S. W. Sullivan, R. J. Talley, K. P. Townsend, J. A. Wang, A. Wright, J. R. Yen, A. S. TI Spirit Mars Rover Mission: Overview and selected results from the northern Home Plate Winter Haven to the side of Scamander crater SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; HIGH PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; DEPOSITS; LIFE AB This paper summarizes Spirit Rover operations in the Columbia Hills, Gusev crater, from sol 1410 (start of the third winter campaign) to sol 2169 (when extrication attempts from Troy stopped to winterize the vehicle) and provides an overview of key scientific results. The third winter campaign took advantage of parking on the northern slope of Home Plate to tilt the vehicle to track the sun and thus survive the winter season. With the onset of the spring season, Spirit began circumnavigating Home Plate on the way to volcanic constructs located to the south. Silica-rich nodular rocks were discovered in the valley to the north of Home Plate. The inoperative right front wheel drive actuator made climbing soil-covered slopes problematical and led to high slip conditions and extensive excavation of subsurface soils. This situation led to embedding of Spirit on the side of a shallow, 8 m wide crater in Troy, located in the valley to the west of Home Plate. Examination of the materials exposed during embedding showed that Spirit broke through a thin sulfate-rich soil crust and became embedded in an underlying mix of sulfate and basaltic sands. The nature of the crust is consistent with dissolution and precipitation in the presence of soil water within a few centimeters of the surface. The observation that sulfate-rich deposits in Troy and elsewhere in the Columbia Hills are just beneath the surface implies that these processes have operated on a continuing basis on Mars as landforms have been shaped by erosion and deposition. C1 [Arvidson, R. E.; Catalano, J. G.; Greenberger, R. N.; Guinness, E. A.; Lichtenberg, K. A.; Shaw, A.; Siebach, K. L.; Wang, A.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bell, J. F., III; Rice, M. S.; Squyres, S. W.; Sullivan, R. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bellutta, P.; Estlin, T. A.; Herman, J. A.; Maxwell, S. A.; Stroupe, A. W.; Talley, K. P.; Townsend, J. A.; Wright, J. R.; Yen, A. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cabrol, N. A.; Marais, D. J. Des] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cabrol, N. A.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Cohen, J.] Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.; Johnson, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Iagnemma, K. D.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Li, R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ruff, S. W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [de Souza, P. A.] CSIRO, Informat & Commun Technol Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Arvidson, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM arvidson@rsmail.wustl.edu RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Siebach, Kirsten/0000-0002-6628-6297; Greenberger, Rebecca/0000-0003-1583-0261 FU NASA FX We thank the capable team of engineers and scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and elsewhere who made the Spirit mission possible. We also thank support from NASA for the science team. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00F03 DI 10.1029/2010JE003633 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 658TF UT WOS:000282511600003 ER PT J AU Dawson, PB Benitez, MC Chouet, BA Wilson, D Okubo, PG AF Dawson, Phillip B. Benitez, M. C. Chouet, Bernard A. Wilson, David Okubo, Paul G. TI Monitoring very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIGNALS AB On 19 March, 2008 eruptive activity returned to the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii with the formation of a new vent within the Halemaumau pit crater. The new vent has been gradually increasing in size, and exhibiting sustained degassing and the episodic bursting of gas slugs at the surface of a lava pond similar to 200 m below the floor of Halemaumau. The spectral characteristics, source location obtained by radial semblance, and Hidden Markov Model pattern recognition of the degassing burst signals are consistent with an increase in gas content in the magma transport system beginning in October, 2007. This increase plateaus between March - September 2008, and exhibits a fluctuating pattern until 31 January, 2010, suggesting that the release of gas is slowly diminishing over time. Citation: Dawson, P. B., M. C. Benitez, B. A. Chouet, D. Wilson, and P. G. Okubo (2010), Monitoring very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18306, doi:10.1029/2010GL044418. C1 [Dawson, Phillip B.; Chouet, Bernard A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Benitez, M. C.] Univ Granada, Dept Teoria Senal Telemat & Comunicac, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Wilson, David; Okubo, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Dawson, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dawson@usgs.gov; carmen@ugr.es; chouet@usgs.gov; dwilson@usgs.gov; pokubo@usgs.gov RI Benitez Ortuzar, M Del Carmen/C-2424-2012 OI Benitez Ortuzar, M Del Carmen/0000-0002-5407-8335 FU staff of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory; Spanish Ministry of Education FX We gratefully acknowledge the continued support of the staff of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Without their assistance over the past 16 years this work would not have been possible. M. C. Benitez gratefully acknowledges the support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L18306 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 657RZ UT WOS:000282431300005 ER PT J AU Mantilla, R Troutman, BM Gupta, VK AF Mantilla, Ricardo Troutman, Brent M. Gupta, Vijay K. TI Testing statistical self-similarity in the topology of river networks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID OPTIMAL CHANNEL NETWORKS; TOKUNAGA MODEL; SCALING LAWS; HORTONS LAWS; UNIVERSALITY; MORPHOLOGY; FRAMEWORK; TREES; TERMS AB Recent work has demonstrated that the topological properties of real river networks deviate significantly from predictions of Shreve's random model. At the same time the property of mean self-similarity postulated by Tokunaga's model is well supported by data. Recently, a new class of network model called random self-similar networks (RSN) that combines self-similarity and randomness has been introduced to replicate important topological features observed in real river networks. We investigate if the hypothesis of statistical self-similarity in the RSN model is supported by data on a set of 30 basins located across the continental United States that encompass a wide range of hydroclimatic variability. We demonstrate that the generators of the RSN model obey a geometric distribution, and self-similarity holds in a statistical sense in 26 of these 30 basins. The parameters describing the distribution of interior and exterior generators are tested to be statistically different and the difference is shown to produce the well-known Hack's law. The inter-basin variability of RSN parameters is found to be statistically significant. We also test generator dependence on two climatic indices, mean annual precipitation and radiative index of dryness. Some indication of climatic influence on the generators is detected, but this influence is not statistically significant with the sample size available. Finally, two key applications of the RSN model to hydrology and geomorphology are briefly discussed. C1 [Mantilla, Ricardo] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Troutman, Brent M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Gupta, Vijay K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, ECOT 441,UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mantilla, R (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, 300 S Riverside Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ricardo-mantilla@uiowa.edu RI Mantilla, Ricardo/B-9658-2008 OI Mantilla, Ricardo/0000-0002-2957-6252 FU National Science Foundation; University of Colorado FX This research is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to the University of Iowa and the University of Colorado. This support is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Matt Luck for his collaboration in selecting the basins used in this study. We also acknowledge helpful reviews provided by John Moody and Lauren Hay of USGS and two anonymous referees that improved the quality of our paper. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD SEP 25 PY 2010 VL 115 AR F03038 DI 10.1029/2009JF001609 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 656IO UT WOS:000282323200004 ER PT J AU Johnson, WE Onorato, DP Roelke, ME Land, ED Cunningham, M Belden, RC McBride, R Jansen, D Lotz, M Shindle, D Howard, J Wildt, DE Penfold, LM Hostetler, JA Oli, MK O'Brien, SJ AF Johnson, Warren E. Onorato, David P. Roelke, Melody E. Land, E. Darrell Cunningham, Mark Belden, Robert C. McBride, Roy Jansen, Deborah Lotz, Mark Shindle, David Howard, JoGayle Wildt, David E. Penfold, Linda M. Hostetler, Jeffrey A. Oli, Madan K. O'Brien, Stephen J. TI Genetic Restoration of the Florida Panther SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FELIS-CONCOLOR-CORYI; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; DEPLETION; PUMAS AB The rediscovery of remnant Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) in southern Florida swamplands prompted a program to protect and stabilize the population. In 1995, conservation managers translocated eight female pumas (P. c. stanleyana) from Texas to increase depleted genetic diversity, improve population numbers, and reverse indications of inbreeding depression. We have assessed the demographic, population-genetic, and biomedical consequences of this restoration experiment and show that panther numbers increased threefold, genetic heterozygosity doubled, survival and fitness measures improved, and inbreeding correlates declined significantly. Although these results are encouraging, continued habitat loss, persistent inbreeding, infectious agents, and possible habitat saturation pose new dilemmas. This intensive management program illustrates the challenges of maintaining populations of large predators worldwide. C1 [Johnson, Warren E.; O'Brien, Stephen J.] NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Onorato, David P.; Land, E. Darrell; Cunningham, Mark; Lotz, Mark; Shindle, David] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Naples, FL 34114 USA. [Roelke, Melody E.] NCI, SAIC Frederick, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Belden, Robert C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. [McBride, Roy] Livestock Protect Co, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. [Jansen, Deborah] Big Cypress Natl Preserve, Ochopee, FL 34141 USA. [Howard, JoGayle; Wildt, David E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Penfold, Linda M.] White Oak Conservat Ctr, Yulee, FL 32046 USA. [Hostetler, Jeffrey A.; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Johnson, WE (reprint author), NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM warjohns@mail.nih.gov; Dave.Onorato@MyFWC.com; stephenobrien@nih.gov RI Hostetler, Jeffrey/A-3345-2011; Johnson, Warren/D-4149-2016 OI Hostetler, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3669-1758; Johnson, Warren/0000-0002-5954-186X FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC); Everglades National Park (EVER); BCNP; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [N01-CO-12400]; NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research; Florida Panther Research and Management Trust FX We dedicate this study to the memory of Ulysses Seal and Ernst Mayr, important heroes in the conservation struggle of the Florida panther. Funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) via purchases of Florida panther license plates. Other major funding for the field work was provided by Everglades National Park (EVER), the BCNP, and federal funds from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (especially in the early years) as well as from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under contract number N01-CO-12400. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, and the Florida Panther Research and Management Trust Fund. All panther captures, sampling, and radio collaring were authorized by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Permits TE01553-3 (FWC) and TE146761-1 (BCNP). We thank many individuals for their help in this project, who are named in SOM reference S25. NR 22 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 34 U2 282 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 5999 BP 1641 EP 1645 DI 10.1126/science.1192891 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 653NK UT WOS:000282098100040 PM 20929847 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Nanus, L Huggett, B AF Clow, David W. Nanus, Leora Huggett, Brian TI Use of regression-based models to map sensitivity of aquatic resources to atmospheric deposition in Yosemite National Park, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER CHEMISTRY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MAJOR ION CHEMISTRY; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SIERRA-NEVADA; NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK REGION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; STREAMS AB An abundance of exposed bedrock, sparse soil and vegetation, and fast hydrologic flushing rates make aquatic ecosystems in Yosemite National Park susceptible to nutrient enrichment and episodic acidification due to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). In this study, multiple linear regression (MLR) models were created to estimate fall-season nitrate and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in surface water in Yosemite wilderness. Input data included estimated winter N deposition, fall-season surface-water chemistry measurements at 52 sites, and basin characteristics derived from geographic information system layers of topography, geology, and vegetation. The MLR models accounted for 84% and 70% of the variance in surface-water nitrate and ANC, respectively. Explanatory variables (and the sign of their coefficients) for nitrate included elevation (positive) and the abundance of neoglacial and talus deposits (positive), unvegetated terrain (positive), alluvium (negative), and riparian (negative) areas in the basins. Explanatory variables for ANC included basin area (positive) and the abundance of metamorphic rocks (positive), unvegetated terrain (negative), water (negative), and winter N deposition (negative) in the basins. The MLR equations were applied to 1407 stream reaches delineated in the National Hydrography Data Set for Yosemite, and maps of predicted surface-water nitrate and ANC concentrations were created. Predicted surface-water nitrate concentrations were highest in small, high-elevation cirques, and concentrations declined downstream. Predicted ANC concentrations showed the opposite pattern, except in high-elevation areas underlain by metamorphic rocks along the Sierran Crest, which had relatively high predicted ANC (> 200 mu eq L(-1)). Maps were created to show where basin characteristics predispose aquatic resources to nutrient enrichment and acidification effects from N and S deposition. The maps can be used to help guide development of water-quality programs designed to monitor and protect natural resources in national parks. C1 [Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, MS Fed Ctr 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Huggett, Brian] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Nanus, Leora] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Fed Ctr 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dwclow@usgs.gov OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU National Park Service FX This research was supported by the National Park Service through the Water Quality and Assessment program. Snow-course data were provided by the California Department of Water Resources. Thanks go to Jim Roche for help with sample collection, Jennifer Flynn for help with the GIS analysis and figures, and Jessica Lundquist for processing the MODIS imagery. Constructive suggestions for improving the manuscript were provided by Jim Sickman, Charles Driscoll, Natalie Latysh, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W09529 DI 10.1029/2009WR008316 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 763HI UT WOS:000290545900002 ER PT J AU Forsman, ZH Martinez, JA Maragos, JE Toonen, RJ AF Forsman, Zac H. Martinez, Jonathan A. Maragos, Jim E. Toonen, Robert J. TI Resurrection of Porites hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907; a Hawaiian coral obscured by small size, cryptic habitat, and confused taxonomy SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 [Forsman, Zac H.; Martinez, Jonathan A.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii Honolulu, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96713 USA. [Maragos, Jim E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Forsman, ZH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Honolulu, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96713 USA. EM zac@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 24 PY 2010 IS 2624 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 657VG UT WOS:000282445500003 ER PT J AU Yoshimura, K Kanamitsu, M Dettinger, M AF Yoshimura, Kei Kanamitsu, Masao Dettinger, Michael TI Regional downscaling for stable water isotopes: A case study of an atmospheric river event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION MODEL; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; VAPOR; FRACTIONATION; DEUTERIUM; O-18; SIMULATION; REANALYSIS; EXCHANGE AB In this paper an isotope-incorporated regional model is developed and utilized for simulations of an atmospheric river event that occurred in March 2005. A set of sensitivity experiments and comparisons with observations confirm that the kinetic isotopic exchange between falling droplets and ambient water vapor below the cloud base was mostly responsible for the initial enrichment and subsequent rapid drop of the deuterium abundance in precipitation observed during the event even under humid conditions. According to the budget analysis the increase in isotopic composition during the latter half of the event was primarily due to horizontal advection. The contribution of condensation from different atmospheric heights to the ground precipitation was not reflected in the precipitation isotopes. C1 [Kanamitsu, Masao; Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Yoshimura, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Yoshimura, Kei] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Yoshimura, K (reprint author), AORI, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2278568, Japan. EM kei@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010 OI Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561 FU California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) [MGC-04-04]; NOAA [NA17RJ1231] FX Numerical simulations were performed with computing resources at The Center for Observations and Prediction at Scripps (COMPAS) and at TeraGrid. A part of this work was also funded by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program, which supports the California Climate Change Center (award MGC-04-04), and NOAA (grant NA17RJ1231). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA. Dr. Paul Neiman helped to create the Doppler radar reflection image. We would also like to acknowledge the encouragement provided by Dr. J. Roads at the beginning of this study. The assistance of Ms. D. Boomer in refining the writing is appreciated. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18114 DI 10.1029/2010JD014032 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656IB UT WOS:000282321500006 ER PT J AU Hayes, AG Wolf, AS Aharonson, O Zebker, H Lorenz, R Kirk, RL Paillou, P Lunine, J Wye, L Callahan, P Wall, S Elachi, C AF Hayes, A. G. Wolf, A. S. Aharonson, O. Zebker, H. Lorenz, R. Kirk, R. L. Paillou, P. Lunine, J. Wye, L. Callahan, P. Wall, S. Elachi, C. TI Bathymetry and absorptivity of Titan's Ontario Lacus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID LAKES; ETHANE AB [1] Ontario Lacus is the largest and best characterized lake in Titan's south polar region. In June and July 2009, the Cassini RADAR acquired its first Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of the area. Together with closest approach altimetry acquired in December 2008, these observations provide a unique opportunity to study the lake's nearshore bathymetry and complex refractive properties. Average radar backscatter is observed to decrease exponentially with distance from the local shoreline. This behavior is consistent with attenuation through a deepening layer of liquid and, if local topography is known, can be used to derive absorptive dielectric properties. Accordingly, we estimate nearshore topography from a radar altimetry profile that intersects the shoreline on the East and West sides of the lake. We then analyze SAR backscatter in these regions to determine the imaginary component of the liquid's complex index of refraction (kappa). The derived value, kappa = (6.1(-1.3)(+1.7)) x 10(-4), Corresponds to a loss tangent of tan Delta = (9.2(-2.0)(+2.5)) x 10(-4) and is consistent with a composition dominated by liquid hydrocarbons. This value can be used to test compositional models once the microwave optical properties of candidate materials have been measured. In areas that do not intersect altimetry profiles, relative slopes can be calculated assuming the index of refraction is constant throughout the liquid. Accordingly, we construct a coarse bathymetry map for the nearshore region by measuring bathymetric slopes for eleven additional areas around the lake. These slopes vary by a factor of similar to 5 and correlate well with observed shoreline morphologies. C1 [Hayes, A. G.; Wolf, A. S.; Aharonson, O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Callahan, P.; Wall, S.; Elachi, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Lunine, J.] Univ Rome, Dept Phys, I-00173 Rome, Italy. [Paillou, P.] Univ Bordeaux 2, Aquitaine Sci Ctr, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Zebker, H.; Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paillou, P.] Univ Bordeaux, Aquitaine Sci Ctr, Floirac, France. RP Hayes, AG (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hayes@gps.caltech.edu RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU Cassini Project; NASA; NASA's Graduate Student Researchers Program; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX The authors would like to thank Bryan Stiles for helpful discussions and the Cassini engineering team, without whom the data presented here would not have been possible. This work was supported by the Cassini Project, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA as well as by NASA's Graduate Student Researchers Program and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E09009 DI 10.1029/2009JE003557 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 656JD UT WOS:000282326000002 ER PT J AU Reches, Z Lockner, DA AF Reches, Ze'ev Lockner, David A. TI Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPEED; FRICTION; WEAR; MECHANISM; ZONES; GOUGE AB Earthquake instability has long been attributed to fault weakening during accelerated slip(1), and a central question of earthquake physics is identifying the mechanisms that control this weakening(2). Even with much experimental effort(2-12), the weakening mechanisms have remained enigmatic. Here we present evidence for dynamic weakening of experimental faults that are sheared at velocities approaching earthquake slip rates. The experimental faults, which were made of room-dry, solid granite blocks, quickly wore to form a fine-grain rock powder known as gouge. At modest slip velocities of 10-60 mm s(-1), this newly formed gouge organized itself into a thin deforming layer that reduced the fault's strength by a factor of 2-3. After slip, the gouge rapidly 'aged' and the fault regained its strength in a matter of hours to days. Therefore, only newly formed gouge can weaken the experimental faults. Dynamic gouge formation is expected to be a common and effective mechanism of earthquake instability in the brittle crust as (1) gouge always forms during fault slip(5,10,12-20); (2) fault-gouge behaves similarly to industrial powder lubricants(21); (3) dynamic gouge formation explains various significant earthquake properties; and (4) gouge lubricant can form for a wide range of fault configurations, compositions and temperatures(15). C1 [Reches, Ze'ev] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reches, Z (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, 100 E Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM reches@ou.edu; lockner@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [0732715] FX We thank J. Young, who built our instrument, as well as E. Eshkol, M. Hamilton, D. Moore, A. Madden, J. Chang and S. Busetti. Comments and reviews by J. Andrews, N. Beeler, C. Sammis, T.-f. Wong and J. Fineberg improved the manuscript. This study is supported by the National Science Foundation, Geosciences, Equipment and Facilities (grant number 0732715). NR 31 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 467 IS 7314 BP 452 EP U102 DI 10.1038/nature09348 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 653KO UT WOS:000282090200041 PM 20865001 ER PT J AU Engle, MA Tate, MT Krabbenhoft, DP Schauer, JJ Kolker, A Shanley, JB Bothner, MH AF Engle, Mark A. Tate, Michael T. Krabbenhoft, David P. Schauer, James J. Kolker, Allan Shanley, James B. Bothner, Michael H. TI Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; DRY-DEPOSITION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; LOCATION; VIRGINIA; NEVADA; OZONE; USA AB This study presents >5 cumulative years of tropospheric mercury (Hg) speciation measurements, over the period of 2003-2009, for eight sites in the central and eastern United States and one site in coastal Puerto Rico. The purpose of this research was to identify local and regional processes that impact Hg speciation and deposition (wet + dry) across a large swath of North America. Sites sampled were selected to represent both a wide range of mercury exposure and environmental conditions. Seasonal mean concentrations of elemental Hg (1.27 +/- 0.31 to 2.94 +/- 1.57 ng m(-3); (x) over bar +/- sigma), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM; 1.5 +/- 1.6 to 63.3 +/- 529 pg m(-3)), and fine particulate Hg (1.2 +/- 1.4 to 37.9 +/- 492 pg m(-3)) were greatest at sites impacted by Hg point sources. Diel bin plots of Hg degrees and RGM suggest control by a variety of local/regional processes including impacts from Hg point sources and boundary layer/free tropospheric interactions as well as from larger-scale processes affecting Hg speciation (i.e., input of the global Hg pool, RGM formed from oxidation of Hg degrees by photochemical compounds at coastal sites, and elemental Hg depletion during periods of dew formation). Comparison of wet Hg deposition (measured), RGM and fine particulate Hg dry deposition (calculated using a multiple resistance model), and anthropogenic point source emissions varied significantly between sites. Significant correlation between emission sources and dry deposition was observed but was highly dependant upon inclusion of data from two sites with exceptionally high deposition. Findings from this study highlight the importance of environmental setting on atmospheric Hg cycling and deposition rates. C1 [Engle, Mark A.; Kolker, Allan] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tate, Michael T.; Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Bothner, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Engle, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM engle@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; U.S. Department of Interior Landscapes Program; USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program; U.S. EPA STAR [R829798]; USGS Energy Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, U.S. Department of Interior Landscapes Program, the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program, the USGS Energy Program, and by U.S. EPA STAR grant R829798. The authors are indebted to Virginia Garrison (USGS), Winston Luke (NOAA), and three anonymous journal reviewers for their comments and criticisms of the manuscript. Mark Olson and John DeWild provided significant support with instrumentation, multiple Tekran comparison studies, and data availability. Access and assistance were provided by personnel from the Weeks Bay National Estuarine Reserve, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, U.S. National Park Service, and St. Louis-Midwest Particle Matter Supersite. Use of brand or trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18306 DI 10.1029/2010JD014064 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656IA UT WOS:000282321400010 ER PT J AU Bury, RB Germano, DJ Bury, GW AF Bury, R. Bruce Germano, David J. Bury, Gwendolynn W. TI Population Structure and Growth of the Turtle Actinemys marmorata from the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion: Age, Not Size, Matters SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID BODY-SIZE; CLEMMYS-MARMORATA; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; CALIFORNIA; REPRODUCTION; HABITATS; NEBRASKA; ECOLOGY; RIVER AB Determining the demographic structure of turtles is important to understanding their population status and conservation needs. Concern has been raised for the long-term persistence of the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) based on demographic analyses using size while ignoring age. Here, we compare the size versus age structures, and examine growth curves, for turtle populations from four sites in the Klamath-Siskiyou ecoregion of northern California and southern Oregon. We show that age structure does not correspond to size structure for two populations. Also, the most abundant of these populations had relatively few small turtles, which suggests inability of previous researchers to locate small turtles. Growth rates and adult size differed among populations, with turtles from two sites in the Coast Range significantly smaller and slower growing than turtles from either a reservoir on the eastern lower slopes of the Coast Range or the Klamath Basin east of the Cascade Mountains. Neither air temperature nor elevation explained the differences in size and growth rates. We hypothesize that larger body size and faster growth rates for some populations of A. marmorata may be due to high local productivity. We show that use of size alone gave an erroneous interpretation of population structure. Finding a few small-sized turtles in populations may not represent a lack of recruitment but, instead, a need to determine the proportion of young turtles based on their actual ages. C1 [Bury, R. Bruce; Bury, Gwendolynn W.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Germano, David J.] Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. RP Bury, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM buryb@usgs.gov; dgermano@csub.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 21 PY 2010 IS 3 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1643/CH-08-096 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 655PL UT WOS:000282261800012 ER PT J AU Langston, JN Schofield, PJ Hill, JE Loftus, WF AF Langston, Jacqueline N. Schofield, Pamela J. Hill, Jeffrey E. Loftus, William F. TI Salinity Tolerance of the African Jewelfish Hemichromis letourneuxi, a Non-native Cichlid in South Florida (USA) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SUNBLEAK LEUCASPIUS-DELINEATUS; GUDGEON PSEUDORASBORA-PARVA; CICHLASOMA-UROPHTHALMUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; RIVER NILE; ST-LUCIA; FISHES; WATERS; BAY; DISPERSAL AB The African Jewelfish (Cichlidae: Hemichromis letourneuxi) is a predatory, non-native fish that has recently (since 2000) begun to expand its geographic range across south Florida. The salinity tolerance of H. letourneuxi was unknown, and thus it was unclear whether the species could use estuarine or coastal environments. The response of H. letourneuxi to chronic change in salinity was evaluated here by exposing fish to progressively increasing salinities (0-80 ppt). Fish were held at target salinities for a minimum of 30 days. The species showed excellent survival from 0-50 ppt. At 60 ppt, only 25% of the fish survived, and mean estimated survival time was 12 days. Above 60 ppt, mortality was 100%. Fish grew equally well from 0-50 ppt. In another experiment, fish were transferred directly from freshwater to various salinities from 5-35 ppt (seawater) and held for seven days, after which survivors were returned to freshwater. All fish transferred directly from freshwater to salinities up to 20 ppt survived; only 56% survived when transferred from freshwater to 25 ppt, and none survived transfer above 25 ppt. Experimental results indicated that H. letourneuxi can persist easily in salinities prevalent in coastal environments, even during periods of hypersalinity common in south Florida estuaries. Salinity will not restrict its dispersal by coastal pathways. C1 [Langston, Jacqueline N.; Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hill, Jeffrey E.] Univ Florida, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Trop Aquaculture Lab, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. [Loftus, William F.] US Geol Survey, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov; jeffhill@ufl.edu; arc_wfl@bellsouth.net FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4); U.S. Geological Survey [USGS/FISC 2006-03, EVER-2007-SCI-0014] FX We thank D. Gregoire, S. Ruessler, and R. Lewis for laboratory assistance and A. Adams, T. Jackson, J. Rehage, and J. Lorenz for providing information on H. letourneuxi distribution in south Florida. We are also grateful to R. Robbins for providing information from the Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Collection and cataloguing samples of fish used in this experiment (UF 170308170310 and UF 175730). This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4) and the U.S. Geological Survey, Invasive Species program and completed under IACUC approval USGS/FISC 2006-03 and Everglades National Park permit EVER-2007-SCI-0014. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 21 PY 2010 IS 3 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1643/CP-09-069 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 655PL UT WOS:000282261800017 ER PT J AU Chouet, BA Dawson, PB James, MR Lane, SJ AF Chouet, Bernard A. Dawson, Phillip B. James, Mike R. Lane, Stephen J. TI Seismic source mechanism of degassing bursts at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Results from waveform inversion in the 10-50 s band SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; BASALTIC MAGMA; GAS SLUGS; FIELD; VISCOSITY; SIGNALS; TREMOR AB The current (March 2008 to February 2009) summit eruptive activity at Kilauea Volcano is characterized by explosive degassing bursts accompanied by very long period (VLP) seismic signals. We model the source mechanisms of VLP signals in the 10-50 s band using data recorded for 15 bursts with a 10-station broadband network deployed in the summit caldera. To determine the source centroid location and source mechanism, we minimize the residual error between data and synthetics calculated by the finite difference method for a point source embedded in a homogeneous medium that takes topography into account. The VLP signals associated with the bursts originate in a source region similar to 1 km below the eastern perimeter of Halemaumau pit crater. The observed waveforms are well explained by the combination of a volumetric component and a vertical single force component. For the volumetric component, several source geometries are obtained which equally explain the observed waveforms. These geometries include (1) a pipe dipping 64 degrees to the northeast; (2) two intersecting cracks including an east striking crack (dike) dipping 80 degrees to the north, intersecting a north striking crack (another dike) dipping 65 degrees to the east; (3) a pipe dipping 58 degrees to the northeast, intersecting a crack dipping 48 degrees to the west-southwest; and (4) a pipe dipping 57 degrees to the northeast, intersecting a pipe dipping 58 degrees to the west-southwest. Using the dual-crack model as reference, the largest volume change obtained among the 15 bursts is similar to 24,400 m(3), and the maximum amplitude (peak to peak) of the force is similar to 20 GN. Each burst is marked by a similar sequence of deflation and inflation, trailed by decaying oscillations of the volumetric source. The vertical force is initially upward, synchronous with source deflation, then downward, synchronous with source reinflation, followed by oscillations with polarity opposite to the volumetric oscillations. This combination of force and volume change is attributed to pressure and momentum changes induced during a fluid dynamic source mechanism involving the ascent, expansion, and burst of a large slug of gas within the upper similar to 150 m of the magma conduit. As the slug expands upon approach to the surface and more liquid becomes wall supported by viscous shear forces, the pressure below the slug decreases, inducing conduit deflation and an upward force on the Earth. The final rapid slug expansion and burst stimulate VLP and LP oscillations of the conduit system, which slowly decay due to viscous dissipation and elastic radiation. Consideration of the fluid dynamic arguments leads us to prefer the dual-crack VLP source model as it is the only candidate model capable of producing plausible values of length scales and pressure changes. The magnitudes of the vertical forces observed in the 15 bursts appear consistent with slug masses of 10(4) to 10(6) kg. C1 [Chouet, Bernard A.; Dawson, Phillip B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [James, Mike R.; Lane, Stephen J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Chouet, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chouet@usgs.gov; dawson@usgs.gov; m.james@lancs.ac.uk; s.lane@lancaster.ac.uk RI James, Mike/C-6817-2008; Lane, Stephen/C-6809-2008 OI James, Mike/0000-0002-9177-2588; Lane, Stephen/0000-0001-7330-621X FU Royal Society FX We are grateful to the staff of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for their help and support with the maintenance and operation of the Kilauea broadband seismic network. We also thank Matt Patrick for insightful discussions on the surface expressions of the degassing bursts. We are indebted to Robert Tilling and David Hill for helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript and express our sincere gratitude to Milton Garces, Associate Editor Michael P. Ryan, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful and exhaustive comments. We thank John Mutter for handling the paper. Mike James gratefully acknowledges support from the Royal Society for this work. NR 62 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B09311 DI 10.1029/2009JB006661 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 656JF UT WOS:000282326200001 ER PT J AU Goodge, JW Finn, CA AF Goodge, John W. Finn, Carol A. TI Glimpses of East Antarctica: Aeromagnetic and satellite magnetic view from the central Transantarctic Mountains of East Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EARLY PALEOZOIC SUBDUCTION; SOUTHERN VICTORIA-LAND; ROSS OROGEN; UPPER-MANTLE; RODINIA SUPERCONTINENT; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; NEOPROTEROZOIC BASIN; AEROGEOPHYSICAL DATA; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; TECTONIC FRAMEWORK AB Aeromagnetic and satellite magnetic data provide glimpses of the crustal architecture within the Ross Sea sector of the enigmatic, ice-covered East Antarctic shield critical for understanding both global tectonic and climate history. In the central Transantarctic Mountains (CTAM), exposures of Precambrian basement, coupled with new high-resolution magnetic data, other recent aeromagnetic transects, and satellite magnetic and seismic tomography data, show that the shield in this region comprises an Archean craton modified both by Proterozoic magmatism and early Paleozoic orogenic basement reactivation. CTAM basement structures linked to the Ross Orogeny are imaged 50-100 km farther west than previously mapped, bounded by inboard upper crustal Proterozoic granites of the Nimrod igneous province. Magnetic contrasts between craton and rift margin sediments define the Neoproterozoic rift margin, likely reactivated during Ross orogenesis and Jurassic extension. Interpretation of satellite magnetic and aeromagnetic patterns suggests that the Neoproterozoic rift margin of East Antarctica is offset by transfer zones to form a stepwise series of salients tracing from the CTAM northward through the western margin of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin to the coast at Terre Adelie. Thinned Precambrian crust inferred to lie east of the rift margin cannot be imaged magnetically because of modification by Neoproterozoic and younger tectonic events. C1 [Goodge, John W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Finn, Carol A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Goodge, JW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, 1114 Kirby Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM jgoodge@d.umn.edu; cfinn@usgs.gov OI Goodge, John/0000-0003-2578-3147 FU National Science Foundation [0232042, 0350039]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by awards from the National Science Foundation to Finn (0232042) and Goodge (0350039) and by the U.S. Geological Survey (Finn). The U.S. Antarctic Program and the Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe in Germany provided operational support in the field. In particular, we are grateful for the cooperation of Detlef Damaske in leading the BGR collaboration and for his help with data acquisition, processing, and interpretation. We thank the aircrews of Petroleum Helicopters International, Inc., and Kenn Borek Air, Ltd., for excellent flight operations. We also thank the field team of Eric Anderson, Jared Abraham, Felix Goldmann, Heinz-Dieter Moller, Norbert Roland, Peter Braddock, and Michael Rieser for their dogged support in the field and data processing. Fausto Ferraccioli and an anonymous reviewer provided many constructive comments that helped to clarify presentation and interpretation of the data; we thank them for thorough and thoughtful reviews. NR 124 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B09103 DI 10.1029/2009JB006890 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 656JF UT WOS:000282326200002 ER PT J AU Ruhl, HA Rybicki, NB AF Ruhl, Henry A. Rybicki, Nancy B. TI Long-term reductions in anthropogenic nutrients link to improvements in Chesapeake Bay habitat SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ecology; eutrophication; restoration; submerged aquatic vegetation ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER; WATER-QUALITY; ZOSTERA-MARINA; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; EUTROPHICATION; SEAGRASS; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; RESTORATION AB Great effort continues to focus on ecosystem restoration and reduction of nutrient inputs thought to be responsible, in part, for declines in estuary habitats worldwide. The ability of environmental policy to address restoration is limited, in part, by uncertainty in the relationships between costly restoration and benefits. Here, we present results from an 18-y field investigation (1990-2007) of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) community dynamics and water quality in the Potomac River, a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. River and anthropogenic discharges lower water clarity by introducing nutrients that stimulate phytoplankton and epiphyte growth as well as suspended sediments. Efforts to restore the Chesapeake Bay are often viewed as failing. Overall nutrient reduction and SAV restoration goals have not been met. In the Potomac River, however, reduced in situ nutrients, wastewater-treatment effluent nitrogen, and total suspended solids were significantly correlated to increased SAV abundance and diversity. Species composition and relative abundance also correlated with nutrient and water-quality conditions, indicating declining fitness of exotic species relative to native species during restoration. Our results suggest that environmental policies that reduce anthropogenic nutrient inputs do result in improved habitat quality, with increased diversity and native species abundances. The results also help elucidate why SAV cover has improved only in some areas of the Chesapeake Bay. C1 [Rybicki, Nancy B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ruhl, Henry A.; Rybicki, Nancy B.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Rybicki, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nrybicki@usgs.gov FU US Geological Society National Research Program; Chesapeake Bay Program; US Army Corps of Engineers (Baltimore, MD); Metropolitan Washington Council of Government's Aquatic Plant Management Program; Fisheries Division of the District of Columbia Department of Health FX We thank P. Roche, V. Carter, J. Landwehr, J. Reel, A. Lombana, J. Baldizar, M. Turtora, R. Orth, and D. Wilcox for their assistance in the study. We also thank R. Howlett, K. Engelhardt, and H. Neckles for their helpful comments during the preparation of the manuscript. We are grateful for support from the US Geological Society National Research Program, Chesapeake Bay Program, US Army Corps of Engineers (Baltimore, MD), the Metropolitan Washington Council of Government's Aquatic Plant Management Program, and the Fisheries Division of the District of Columbia Department of Health. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 47 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 38 BP 16566 EP 16570 DI 10.1073/pnas.1003590107 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 652JW UT WOS:000282003700035 PM 20823243 ER PT J AU Reichard, EG Li, Z Hermans, C AF Reichard, Eric G. Li, Zhen Hermans, Caroline TI Emergency use of groundwater as a backup supply: Quantifying hydraulic impacts and economic benefits SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER SUPPLIES; CONJUNCTIVE USE; MANAGEMENT AB Groundwater can play an important role in water-supply emergency planning. A framework is presented for assessing the hydraulic impacts and associated costs of using groundwater as a backup supply when imported-water deliveries are disrupted, and for quantifying the emergency benefits of groundwater management strategies that enable better response to such disruptions. Response functions are derived, which relate additional groundwater pumpage during water-supply emergencies to impacts such as increased pumping costs, subsidence, and seawater intrusion. Monte Carlo analysis is employed to estimate the incremental costs of using groundwater as a backup supply. The emergency benefits of alternative groundwater management strategies are computed for different expected durations of imported water disruption, percentages of imported water replaced by groundwater, and threshold drawdowns for subsidence impacts. The methodology is applied to the coastal Los Angeles Basin. For this case study, emergency benefits of artificial recharge strategies are dominated by reduction of potential subsidence costs. The variance of the results also is primarily due to subsidence effects. Incorporation of probability distributions reflecting a larger expected use of groundwater during the imported-water disruption results in higher estimated emergency benefits of artificial recharge strategies. The framework presented for quantifying incremental costs and economic benefits of using groundwater as a backup supply could be applied to a broad range of water emergency planning decisions. C1 [Reichard, Eric G.; Li, Zhen] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Hermans, Caroline] CUNY, Environm Cross Rd Initiat, Adv Sci Res Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Reichard, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM egreich@usgs.gov; zhenli@usgs.gov; chermans@ccny.cuny.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Water Replenishment District of Southern California FX The authors express their great appreciation to the three journal reviewers and to Stanley Leake, Richard Bernknopf, Theodore Johnson, and Larry Schneider. Support for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Venture Capital Program, the USGS Cooperative Water Program, and the Water Replenishment District of Southern California. Mention of trade names or manufacturers does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W09524 DI 10.1029/2009WR008208 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 656JU UT WOS:000282328400001 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Conrad, PA Harris, M Hatfield, B Langlois, G Jessup, DA Magargal, SL Packham, AE Toy-Choutka, S Melli, AC Murray, MA Gulland, FM Grigg, ME AF Miller, Melissa A. Conrad, Patricia A. Harris, Michael Hatfield, Brian Langlois, Gregg Jessup, David A. Magargal, Spencer L. Packham, Andrea E. Toy-Choutka, Sharon Melli, Ann C. Murray, Michael A. Gulland, Frances M. Grigg, Michael E. TI A protozoal-associated epizootic impacting marine wildlife: Mass-mortality of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) due to Sarcocystis neurona infection SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sea otter; Enhydra lutris; Sarcocystis neurona; 18S rDNA; ITS-1; Epizootic ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; DRINKING-WATER; DOMOIC ACID; MUSSELS; SPP.; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CONTAMINATION AB During April 2004,40 sick and dead southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) were recovered over 18 km of coastline near Morro Bay, California. This event represented the single largest monthly spike in mortality ever recorded during 30 years of southern sea otter stranding data collection. Because of the point-source nature of the event and clinical signs consistent with severe, acute neurological disease, exposure to a chemical or marine toxin was initially considered. However, detailed postmortem examinations revealed lesions consistent with an infectious etiology, and further investigation confirmed the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis neurona as the underlying cause. Tissues from 94% of examined otters were PCR-positive for S. neurona, based on DNA amplification and sequencing at the ITS-1 locus, and 100% of tested animals (n = 14) had elevated IgM and IgG titers to S. neurona. Evidence to support the point-source character of this event include the striking spatial and temporal clustering of cases and detection of high concentrations of anti-S. neurona IgM in serum of stranded animals. Concurrent exposure to the marine biotoxin domoic acid may have enhanced susceptibility of affected otters to S. neurona and exacerbated the neurological signs exhibited by stranded animals. Other factors that may have contributed to the severity of this epizootic include a large rainstorm that preceded the event and an abundance of razor clams near local beaches, attracting numerous otters close to shore within the affected area. This is the first report of a localized epizootic in marine wildlife caused by apicomplexan protozoa. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Melissa A.; Harris, Michael; Jessup, David A.; Toy-Choutka, Sharon] CDFG OSPR, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Conrad, Patricia A.; Packham, Andrea E.; Melli, Ann C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hatfield, Brian] US Geol Survey, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA. [Langlois, Gregg] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Management Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Magargal, Spencer L.; Grigg, Michael E.] NIAID, Mol Parasitol Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Murray, Michael A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Gulland, Frances M.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), CDFG OSPR, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mmiller@ospr.dfg.ca.gov FU NIH; NIAID; CDFG-OSPR; USGS; Monterey Bay Aquarium; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank J. Ames, E. Berberich, D. Brownstein, E. Dodd, E. Dorfmeier, J. Mazet and W. Miller for assistance. The Microbial Diseases Laboratory and the Food and Drug Laboratory, CDPH, for DA analyses. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIAID (MEG), CDFG-OSPR, USGS, Monterey Bay Aquarium and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. This manuscript is dedicated to Dr Peter Kennedy, an outstanding pathologist, mentor and lifelong student who believed in doing good things for sea otters. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 172 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.05.019 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 652FY UT WOS:000281989700002 PM 20615616 ER PT J AU Thelen, WA Malone, SD West, ME AF Thelen, W. A. Malone, S. D. West, M. E. TI Repose time and cumulative moment magnitude: A new tool for forecasting eruptions? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; REDOUBT VOLCANO; CRATER PEAK; ALASKA; SEQUENCE; EDIFICE; BENEATH; SYSTEM AB During earthquake swarms on active volcanoes, one of the primary challenges facing scientists is determining the likelihood of an eruption. Here we present the relation between repose time and the cumulative moment magnitude (CMM) as a tool to aid in differentiating between an eruption and a period of unrest. In several case studies, the CMM is lower at shorter repose times than it is at longer repose times. The relationship between repose time and CMM may be linear in log-log space, particularly at Mount St. Helens. We suggest that the volume and competence of the plug within the conduit drives the strength of the precursory CMM. Citation: Thelen, W. A., S. D. Malone, and M. E. West (2010), Repose time and cumulative moment magnitude: A new tool for forecasting eruptions?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18301, doi:10.1029/2010GL044194. C1 [Thelen, W. A.; Malone, S. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [West, M. E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Thelen, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascade Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,Bldg 10,Ste 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM wthelen@usgs.gov; steve@ess.washington.edu; west@gi.alaska.edu FU PIRE FX The authors would like to acknowledge the PIRE project for their support in establishing collaboration with the KBGS. We would also like to acknowledge the KBGS for the use of their catalog. This paper benefited from careful reviews from John Power, Seth Moran, Stephanie Prejean and three anonymous reviewers. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L18301 DI 10.1029/2010GL044194 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 652MC UT WOS:000282009800002 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JA Aiken, GR Kane, ES Jones, JB AF O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Aiken, George R. Kane, Evan S. Jones, Jeremy B. TI Source water controls on the character and origin of dissolved organic matter in streams of the Yukon River basin, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; BOREAL FOREST; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ALPINE CATCHMENT; INTERIOR ALASKA; CARBON BALANCE; SOIL; CLIMATE; BIODEGRADABILITY AB Climate warming and permafrost degradation at high latitudes will likely impact watershed hydrology, and consequently, alter the concentration and character of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in northern rivers. We examined seasonal variation of DOC chemistry in 16 streams of the Yukon River basin, Alaska. Our primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between source water (shallow versus deep groundwater flow paths) and DOC chemical composition. Using base cation chemistry and principal component analysis, we observed high contributions of deep groundwater to glacial and clearwater streams, whereas blackwater streams received larger contributions from shallow groundwater sources. DOC concentration and specific ultraviolet absorbance peaked during spring snowmelt in all streams, and were consistently higher in blackwater streams than in glacial and clearwater streams. The hydrophobic acid fraction of DOC dominated across all streams and seasons, comprising between 35% and 56% of total DOC. The hydrophilic acid fraction of DOC was more prominent in glacial (23% +/- 3%) and clearwater streams (19% +/- 1%) than in blackwater streams (16% +/- 1%), and was enriched during winter base flow (29% +/- 1%) relative to snowmelt and summer base flow. We observed that an increase in the contribution of deep groundwater to streamflow resulted in decreased DOC concentration, aromaticity, and DOC-to-dissolved organic nitrogen ratio, and an increase in the proportion of hydrophilic acids relative to hydrophobic acids. Our findings suggest that future permafrost degradation and higher contributions of groundwater to streamflow may result in a higher fraction of labile DOM in streams of the Yukon basin. C1 [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Jones, Jeremy B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Water Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jaodonnell@alaska.edu FU United States Geological Survey; NSF [DEB-0423442]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231] FX We thank Lee Pruett for helping out in the field and Kenna Butler for her assistance in the lab. We also thank Stephanie Ewing, Jason Fellman, and Robert Spencer for their helpful comments on this manuscript. This research was supported by the United States Geological Survey, the Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). The use of brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G03025 DI 10.1029/2009JG001153 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 652NH UT WOS:000282013200001 ER PT J AU Delaney, KS Riley, SPD Fisher, RN AF Delaney, Kathleen Semple Riley, Seth P. D. Fisher, Robert N. TI A Rapid, Strong, and Convergent Genetic Response to Urban Habitat Fragmentation in Four Divergent and Widespread Vertebrates SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID JERUSALEM CRICKET ORTHOPTERA; SKINKS EGERNIA-CUNNINGHAMI; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GNYPETOSCINCUS-QUEENSLANDIAE; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; EUMECES-FASCIATUS; UTA STANSBURIANA AB Background: Urbanization is a major cause of habitat fragmentation worldwide. Ecological and conservation theory predicts many potential impacts of habitat fragmentation on natural populations, including genetic impacts. Habitat fragmentation by urbanization causes populations of animals and plants to be isolated in patches of suitable habitat that are surrounded by non-native vegetation or severely altered vegetation, asphalt, concrete, and human structures. This can lead to genetic divergence between patches and in turn to decreased genetic diversity within patches through genetic drift and inbreeding. Methodology/Principal Findings: We examined population genetic patterns using microsatellites in four common vertebrate species, three lizards and one bird, in highly fragmented urban southern California. Despite significant phylogenetic, ecological, and mobility differences between these species, all four showed similar and significant reductions in gene flow over relatively short geographic and temporal scales. For all four species, the greatest genetic divergence was found where development was oldest and most intensive. All four animals also showed significant reduction in gene flow associated with intervening roads and freeways, the degree of patch isolation, and the time since isolation. Conclusions/Significance: Despite wide acceptance of the idea in principle, evidence of significant population genetic changes associated with fragmentation at small spatial and temporal scales has been rare, even in smaller terrestrial vertebrates, and especially for birds. Given the striking pattern of similar and rapid effects across four common and widespread species, including a volant bird, intense urbanization may represent the most severe form of fragmentation, with minimal effective movement through the urban matrix. C1 [Delaney, Kathleen Semple] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Delaney, Kathleen Semple; Riley, Seth P. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA USA. RP Delaney, KS (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. EM Katy_Delaney@nps.gov FU Western office of the National Resources FX The source of funding was a USGS grant from the Western office of the National Resources Preservation Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 85 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 13 U2 103 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 16 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12767 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012767 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 650QH UT WOS:000281864100013 ER PT J AU Kminek, G Rummel, JD Cockell, CS Atlas, R Barlow, N Beaty, D Boynton, W Carr, M Clifford, S Conley, CA Davila, AF Debus, A Doran, P Hecht, M Heldmann, J Helbert, J Hipkin, V Horneck, G Kieft, TL Klingelhoefer, G Meyer, M Newsom, H Ori, GG Parnell, J Prieur, D Raulin, F Schulze-Makuch, D Spry, JA Stabekis, PE Stackebrandt, E Vago, J Viso, M Voytek, M Wells, L Westall, F AF Kminek, G. Rummel, J. D. Cockell, C. S. Atlas, R. Barlow, N. Beaty, D. Boynton, W. Carr, M. Clifford, S. Conley, C. A. Davila, A. F. Debus, A. Doran, P. Hecht, M. Heldmann, J. Helbert, J. Hipkin, V. Horneck, G. Kieft, T. L. Klingelhoefer, G. Meyer, M. Newsom, H. Ori, G. G. Parnell, J. Prieur, D. Raulin, F. Schulze-Makuch, D. Spry, J. A. Stabekis, P. E. Stackebrandt, E. Vago, J. Viso, M. Voytek, M. Wells, L. Westall, F. TI Report of the COSPAR Mars Special Regions Colloquium SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Special regions; Mars; Planetary protection; Forward contamination; Low temperature; Water activity ID UPPER MARTIAN SURFACE; SOUTH-POLE SNOW; SEA-ICE; GROUND ICE; BACTERIAL-ACTIVITY; WATER-VAPOR; SPACECRAFT SURFACES; HIGH OBLIQUITY; NEAR-SURFACE; LIQUID WATER AB In this paper we present the findings of a COSPAR Mars Special Regions Colloquium held in Rome in 2007. We review and discuss the definition of Mars Special Regions, the physical parameters used to define Mars Special Regions, and physical features on Mars that can be interpreted as Mars Special Regions. We conclude that any region experiencing temperatures > -25 degrees C for a few hours a year and a water activity > 0.5 can potentially allow the replication of terrestrial microorganisms. Physical features on Mars that can be interpreted as meeting these conditions constitute a Mars Special Region. Based on current knowledge of the martian environment and the conservative nature of planetary protection, the following features constitute Mars Special regions: Gullies and bright streaks associated with them, pasted-on terrain, deep subsurface, dark streaks only on a case-by-case basis, others to be determined. The parameter definition and the associated list of physical features should be re-evaluated on a regular basis. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cockell, C. S.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Kminek, G.; Vago, J.] ESA, Estec, NL-2200 Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Rummel, J. D.] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Atlas, R.] Univ Louisville, Louiseville, KY 40292 USA. [Barlow, N.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Beaty, D.; Hecht, M.; Spry, J. A.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boynton, W.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Carr, M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Clifford, S.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Conley, C. A.; Meyer, M.; Stabekis, P. E.; Voytek, M.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Davila, A. F.; Heldmann, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Debus, A.; Viso, M.] Agence Franaise Espace, CNES, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Doran, P.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Helbert, J.] DLR, Inst Planetenforsch, Berlin, Germany. [Hipkin, V.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Horneck, G.] DLR, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Kieft, T. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany. [Newsom, H.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ori, G. G.] Univ Annunzio, IRSPS, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. [Parnell, J.] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. [Prieur, D.] Univ Brest, Brest, France. [Raulin, F.] CNRS, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Raulin, F.] Univ Paris, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Stackebrandt, E.] Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganism Zellkultur GmbH, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Wells, L.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19014 USA. [Westall, F.] CNRS, F-45100 Orleans, France. RP Cockell, CS (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM c.s.cockell@open.ac.uk RI Davila, Alfonso/A-2198-2013; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; OI Davila, Alfonso/0000-0002-0977-9909; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Helbert, Jorn/0000-0001-5346-9505; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476 NR 114 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 46 IS 6 BP 811 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2010.04.039 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643KZ UT WOS:000281296600017 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Qi, HP AF Coplen, Tyler B. Qi, Haiping TI Caution on the Use of Liquid Nitrogen Traps in Stable Hydrogen Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WATER SAMPLES; OXYGEN AB An anomalous stable hydrogen isotopic fractionation of 4 parts per thousand in gaseous hydrogen has been correlated with the process of adding liquid nitrogen (LN(2)) to top off the dewar of a stainless-steel water trap on a gaseous hydrogen water platinum equilibration system. Although the cause of this isotopic fractionation is unknown, its effect can be mitigated by (1) increasing the capacity of any dewars so that they do not need to be filled during a daily analytic run, (2) interspersing isotopic reference waters among unknowns, and (3) applying a linear drift correction and linear normalization to isotopic results with a program such as Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) for Light Stable Isotopes. With adoption of the above guidelines, measurement uncertainty can be substantially improved. For example, the long-term (months to years) delta(2)H reproducibility (1 sigma standard deviation) of nine local isotopic reference waters analyzed daily improved substantially from about 1 parts per thousand to 0.58 parts per thousand. This isotopically fractionating mechanism might affect other isotope-ratio mass spectrometers in which LN(2) is used as a moisture trap for gaseous hydrogen. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.; Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This manuscript has benefited from careful reviews by P. Higgins (University of Rochester, Rochester, NY) and G. Koehler (Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada). The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 18 BP 7849 EP 7851 DI 10.1021/ac101570f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 648RF UT WOS:000281710900045 PM 20718408 ER PT J AU Difilippo, EL Eganhouse, RP AF Difilippo, Erica L. Eganhouse, Robert P. TI Assessment of PDMS-Water Partition Coefficients: Implications for Passive Environmental Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; FREE-ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; SPME FIBER COATINGS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; NATURAL-WATERS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES AB Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has shown potential as an in situ passive-sampling technique in aquatic environments. The reliability of this method depends upon accurate determination of the partition coefficient between the fiber coating and water (K-f). For some hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), K-f values spanning 4 orders of magnitude have been reported for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and water. However, 24% of the published data examined in this review did not pass the criterion for negligible depletion, resulting in questionable K-f values. The range in reported K-f is reduced to just over 2 orders of magnitude for some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) when these questionable values are removed. Other factors that could account for the range in reported K-f, such as fiber-coating thickness and fiber manufacturer, were evaluated and found to be insignificant. In addition to accurate measurement of K-f, an understanding of the impact of environmental variables, such as temperature and ionic strength, on partitioning is essential for application of laboratory-measured K-f values to field samples. To date, few studies have measured K-f for HOCs at conditions other than at 20 degrees or 25 degrees C in distilled water. The available data indicate measurable variations in K-f at different temperatures and different ionic strengths. Therefore, if the appropriate environmental variables are not taken into account, significant error will be introduced into calculated aqueous concentrations using this passive sampling technique. A multiparameter linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) was developed to estimate log K-f in distilled water at 25 degrees C based on published physicochemical parameters. This method provided a good correlation (R-2 = 0.94) between measured and predicted log K-f values for several compound classes. Thus, an LSER approach may offer a reliable means of predicting log K-f for HOCs whose experimental log K-f values are presently unavailable. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of environmental variables on K-f. Obtaining the data needed for an LSER approach to estimate K-f for all environmentally relevant HOCs would be beneficial to the application of SPME as a passive-sampling technique. C1 [Difilippo, Erica L.; Eganhouse, Robert P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Eganhouse, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eganhous@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW14-95575301-0]; U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) FX This research was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Interagency Agreement DW14-95575301-0) and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Research Program. We wish to thank James Pontolillo of the USGS for his help compiling log Kow data and Mark Sandstrom of the USGS and M. T. O. Jonker of the Universiteit Utrecht and three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on the original manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.Government. NR 81 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 6 U2 109 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 18 BP 6917 EP 6925 DI 10.1021/es101103x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 647PD UT WOS:000281629800005 PM 20726511 ER PT J AU Ramalho, RS Helffrich, G Cosca, M Vance, D Hoffmann, D Schmidt, DN AF Ramalho, Ricardo S. Helffrich, G. Cosca, M. Vance, D. Hoffmann, D. Schmidt, D. N. TI Vertical movements of ocean island volcanoes: Insights from a stationary plate environment SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ocean island volcanoes; uplift; island freeboard; Cape Verde ID CAPE-VERDE-ISLANDS; PALMA CANARY-ISLANDS; LITHOSPHERIC FLEXURE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; ARCHIPELAGO; SUBSIDENCE; HISTORY; UPLIFT; RISE AB Uplift reconstructions based on the Cape Verde's geological record provide a unique opportunity to study the long-term isostatic movements associated with hotspot activity on a stationary plate environment. The archipelago is considered stationary with respect to its melting source so the hotspot-driven isostatic effects affecting the ocean islands are expected to be enhanced. In this study, Ar-Ar and U-Th geochronology techniques were used to date a set of palaeo-markers of sea-level from Santiago's and Sao Nicolau's edifices, two of the main Cape Verde Islands. A comparison between relative sea-level and eustatic sea-level (from a modern eustatic curve) was established to extract the vertical displacement undergone by the markers, and to reconstruct the uplift/subsidence history of each island. The resulting uplift reconstructions confirm that both Santiago and Sao Nicolau experienced a general uplift trend over the last 6 Ma, seemingly synchronous with the vigorous volcanic activity that built their exposed edifices. These islands, however, exhibit different uplift histories despite their common uplift trend. Several uplift mechanisms were tested and a local rather than regional mechanism is proposed as the main cause of uplift, generally unrelated with far-field effects of surface loading. This mechanism is probably associated with magmatic additions at crustal level. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramalho, Ricardo S.; Helffrich, G.; Vance, D.; Schmidt, D. N.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Cosca, M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hoffmann, D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. RP Ramalho, RS (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM ric.ramalho@bristol.ac.uk RI Ramalho, Ricardo/I-6031-2012; OI Ramalho, Ricardo/0000-0002-2338-5535; Helffrich, George/0000-0002-7363-4552; Schmidt, Daniela/0000-0001-8419-2721; Hoffmann, Dirk/0000-0002-9245-2041 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e para a Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BD/24835/2005]; D.N. Schmidt's University FX We acknowledge the Fundacao para a Ciencia e para a Tecnologia (FCT) for the funding of the PhD scholarship SFRH/BD/24835/2005, co-financed by POPH/FSE. We acknowledge the Royal Society for the funding of D.N. Schmidt's University Research Fellowship. We thank Craig Johnson and Rick Saltus for their suggestions. We would like to thank David Piper, Ingo Grevemeyer and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews. Our thanks to our colleagues for their support: Mike Kendall, Antonio Serralheiro, Celestino Silva, Jose Madeira, Antonio Silveira and Bruno Faria. Our thanks to Ed Harms and the Jardim family for their kind support in Cape Verde. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 275 IS 1-4 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.04.009 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 642MC UT WOS:000281217300006 ER PT J AU Kaneko, M Shingai, H Pohlman, JW Naraoka, H AF Kaneko, Masanori Shingai, Hiroshi Pohlman, John W. Naraoka, Hiroshi TI Chemical and isotopic signature of bulk organic matter and hydrocarbon biomarkers within mid-slope accretionary sediments of the northern Cascadia margin gas hydrate system SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cascadia margin; gas hydrate; elemental and isotopic compositions; hydrocarbon biomarker; organic source ID ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; NITROGEN STABLE-ISOTOPE; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; EARLY DIAGENESIS; N-ALKANES; SULFATE REDUCTION; COLD SEEPS; CARBON; RATIOS AB The chemical and isotopic compositions of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) from two mid-slope sites of the northern Cascadia margin were investigated during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ( IODP) Expedition 311 to elucidate the organic matter origins and identify potential microbial contributions to SOM. Gas hydrate is present at both locations (IODP Sites U1327 and U1328), with distinct patterns of near-seafloor structural accumulations at the cold seep Site U1328 and deeper stratigraphic accumulations at the slope-basin Site U1327. Source characterization and evidence that some components of the organic matter have been diagenetically altered are determined from the concentrations and isotopic compositions of hydrocarbon biomarkers, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS). The carbon isotopic compositions of TOC (delta C-13(Gamma oc) = -26 to -22 parts per thousand) and long-chain n-alkanes (C-27, C-29 and C-31, delta C-13 = -34 to -29 parts per thousand) suggest the organic matter at both sites is a mixture of 1) terrestrial plants that employ the C3 photosynthetic pathway and 2) marine algae. In contrast, the delta N-15(TN) values of the bulk sediment ( +4 to +8%.) are consistent with a predominantly marine source, but these values most likely have been modified during microbial organic matter degradation. The delta C-13 values of archaeal biomarker pentamethylicosane (PMI) (-46.4 parts per thousand) and bacterial-sourced hopenes, diploptene and hop-21-ene (-40.9 to -34.7%) indicate a partial contribution from methane carbon or a chemoautotrophic pathway. Our multi-isotope and biomarker-based conclusions are consistent with previous studies, based only on the elemental composition of bulk sediments, that suggested a mixed marine-terrestrial organic matter origin for these mid-slope sites of the northern Cascadia margin. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaneko, Masanori; Shingai, Hiroshi; Naraoka, Hiroshi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kaneko, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mkaneko@unr.edu NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 275 IS 1-4 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.05.010 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 642MC UT WOS:000281217300012 ER PT J AU Mars, JC Rowan, LC AF Mars, John C. Rowan, Lawrence C. TI Spectral assessment of new ASTER SWIR surface reflectance data products for spectroscopic mapping of rocks and minerals SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ASTER; SWIR; Remote sensing; Cuprite; Mountain Pass; Calibration ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; RADIOMETER ASTER; ALTERED ROCKS AB ASTER reflectance spectra from Cuprite, Nevada, and Mountain Pass, California, were compared to spectra of field samples and to ASTER-resampled AVIRIS reflectance data to determine spectral accuracy and spectroscopic mapping potential of two new ASTER SWIR reflectance datasets: RefL1b and AST_07XT. RefL1b is a new reflectance dataset produced for this study using ASTER Level 1B data, crosstalk correction, radiance correction factors, and concurrently acquired level 2 MODIS water vapor data The AST_07XT data product, available from EDC and ERSDAC. incorporates crosstalk correction and non-concurrently acquired MODIS water vapor data for atmospheric correction. Spectral accuracy was determined using difference values which were compiled from ASTER band 5/6 and 9/8 ratios of AST_07XT or RefL1b data subtracted from similar ratios calculated for field sample and AVIRIS reflectance data. In addition, Spectral Analyst, a statistical program that utilizes a Spectral Feature Fitting algorithm, was used to quantitatively assess spectral accuracy of AST_07XT and RefL1b data. Spectral Analyst matched more minerals correctly and had higher scores for the RefL1b data than for AST_07XT data. The radiance correction factors used in the RefL1b data corrected a low band 5 reflectance anomaly observed in the AST_07XT and AST_07 data but also produced anomalously high band 5 reflectance in RefL1b spectra with strong band 5 absorption for minerals, such as alunite Thus, the band 5 anomaly seen in the RefL1b data cannot be corrected using additional gain adjustments. In addition, the use of concurrent MODIS water vapor data in the atmospheric correction of the RefL1b data produced datasets that had lower band 9 reflectance anomalies than the AST_07XT data Although assessment of spectral data suggests that RefL1b data are more consistent and spectrally more correct than AST_07XT data, the Spectral Analyst results indicate that spectral discrimination between some minerals, such as alunite and kaolinite, are still not possible unless additional spectral calibration using site specific spectral data are performed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mars, John C.; Rowan, Lawrence C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mars, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jmars@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 9 BP 2011 EP 2025 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.04.008 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 620JI UT WOS:000279495200011 ER PT J AU Uchida, N Kirby, SH Okada, T Hino, R Hasegawa, A AF Uchida, Naoki Kirby, Stephen H. Okada, Tomomi Hino, Ryota Hasegawa, Akira TI Supraslab earthquake clusters above the subduction plate boundary offshore Sanriku, northeastern Japan: Seismogenesis in a graveyard of detached seamounts? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FORE-ARC MANTLE; DEEP SEISMIC ZONE; NE JAPAN; REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; CONVERGENT MARGIN; CONVERTED WAVES; INTERPLATE; DEPTH; BENEATH; VOLCANISM AB Thousands of offshore repeating earthquakes with low-angle thrust focal mechanisms occur along the subduction plate boundary of NE Japan. Double-difference relocation methods using P- and S-wave arrivals reveal clusters of events above these repeating events. To assure good depth control we restrict our study to events that are close to seismic stations. These "supraslab" earthquake clusters are regional features at depths of 25 to 50 km, and most of these clusters are below the depth of the forearc Moho, which we determined from converted waves. Seismicity over this depth range does not occur under the inland area of NE Japan except just below the vicinity of the arc volcanoes. Re-entrants in the inner trench slope indicate that repeated collisions of seamounts have occurred in the past. Our preliminary interpretation of supraslab clusters is that they represent seismicity in seamounts detached from the Pacific plate during slab descent, driven by the resistance of seamounts to subduction. Detachment during slab descent probably occurs on the sedimented and hydrothermally altered seafloor on which seamounts were originally constructed since these are known as zones of weakness during active island growth. High fluid pressure produced during dehydration of clay minerals and other low-temperature hydrous minerals could enable detachment at depths. Seamount crust is thus accreted to forearcs, possibly leading to a long-term component of near-coastal uplift. Supraslab earthquake clusters may be our most direct evidence of the fates of seamounts and suggest that tectonic underplating is actively occurring in this subduction system. C1 [Uchida, Naoki; Okada, Tomomi; Hino, Ryota; Hasegawa, Akira] Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Grad Sch Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Kirby, Stephen H.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Uchida, N (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Grad Sch Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM uchida@aob.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp RI Uchida, Naoki/D-6103-2012 OI Uchida, Naoki/0000-0002-4220-9625 NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B09308 DI 10.1029/2009JB006797 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 652NX UT WOS:000282015200001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Prejean, S Savage, MK Townend, J AF Johnson, Jessica H. Prejean, Stephanie Savage, Martha K. Townend, John TI Anisotropy, repeating earthquakes, and seismicity associated with the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SHEAR VELOCITY ANISOTROPY; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NEW-ZEALAND; CRUSTAL ANISOTROPY; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; MANTLE DEFORMATION; GROUND DEFORMATION; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; CALAVERAS FAULT; WAVE ANISOTROPY AB We use shear wave splitting (SWS) analysis and double-difference relocation to examine temporal variations in seismic properties prior to and accompanying magmatic activity associated with the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska. Using bispectrum cross-correlation, a multiplet of 25 earthquakes is identified spanning five years leading up to the eruption, each event having first motions compatible with a normal fault striking NE-SW. Cross-correlation differential times are used to relocate earthquakes occurring between January 2003 and February 2009. The bulk of the seismicity prior to the onset of the eruption on 12 July 2008 occurred southwest of the caldera beneath a geothermal field. Earthquakes associated with the onset of the eruption occurred beneath the northern portion of the caldera and started as deep as 13 km. Subsequent earthquakes occurred predominantly at 3 km depth, coinciding with the depth at which the magma body has been modeled using geodetic data. Automated SWS analysis of the Okmok catalog reveals radial polarization outside the caldera and a northwest-southeast polarization within. We interpret these polarizations in terms of a magma reservoir near the center of the caldera, which we model with a Mogi point source. SWS analysis using the same input processing parameters for each event in the multiplet reveals no temporal changes in anisotropy over the duration of the multiplet, suggesting either a short-term or small increase in stress just before the eruption that was not detected by GPS, or eruption triggering by a mechanism other than a change of stress in the system. C1 [Johnson, Jessica H.; Savage, Martha K.; Townend, John] Victoria Univ Wellington, Inst Geophys, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Prejean, Stephanie] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Inst Geophys, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM jessica.johnson@vuw.ac.nz RI Townend, John/B-5923-2012; Savage, Martha/F-1857-2011; Johnson, Jessica/N-1113-2015 OI Townend, John/0000-0002-7017-620X; Savage, Martha/0000-0002-2080-0676; Johnson, Jessica/0000-0003-3628-6402 FU Earthquake Commission; New Zealand Marsden Fund; Foundation for Research, Science and Technology; Victoria University of Wellington FX We would like to thank the Earthquake Commission, the New Zealand Marsden Fund, the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, a Victoria University of Wellington PhD Scholarship and a Victoria University of Wellington Study Abroad Scholarship for funding this project; Steven Bannister, Sonja Greve, Andreas Wessel and Daniel Clarke for providing software and advice on the use of the programs; Euan Smith, Richard Arnold, Tom Fournier and Tina Neal for stimulating discussions on the processing, results and interpretation throughout this project; Cheryl Searcy for the velocity model used in the majority of this project; Celso Reyes for information about the occurrence of tremor; Diana Roman, Jessica Larsen, Euan Smith and Tom Fournier for preliminary reviews; The two anonymous reviewers for critical and useful comments that helped to improve this manuscript; everyone at the Alaska Volcano Observatory, and particularly Scott Stihler for the seismic data and phase picks. NR 83 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 11 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B00B04 DI 10.1029/2009JB006991 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649GX UT WOS:000281757300001 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Kudela, RM Mekebri, A Crane, D Oates, SC Tinker, MT Staedler, M Miller, WA Toy-Choutka, S Dominik, C Hardin, D Langlois, G Murray, M Ward, K Jessup, DA AF Miller, Melissa A. Kudela, Raphael M. Mekebri, Abdu Crane, Dave Oates, Stori C. Tinker, M. Timothy Staedler, Michelle Miller, Woutrina A. Toy-Choutka, Sharon Dominik, Clare Hardin, Dane Langlois, Gregg Murray, Michael Ward, Kim Jessup, David A. TI Evidence for a Novel Marine Harmful Algal Bloom: Cyanotoxin (Microcystin) Transfer from Land to Sea Otters SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM MICROCYSTIS; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; AERUGINOSA; LAKE; WATER; LR; ESTUARY; FOOD; TOXICITY AB "Super-blooms'' of cyanobacteria that produce potent and environmentally persistent biotoxins (microcystins) are an emerging global health issue in freshwater habitats. Monitoring of the marine environment for secondary impacts has been minimal, although microcystin-contaminated freshwater is known to be entering marine ecosystems. Here we confirm deaths of marine mammals from microcystin intoxication and provide evidence implicating land-sea flow with trophic transfer through marine invertebrates as the most likely route of exposure. This hypothesis was evaluated through environmental detection of potential freshwater and marine microcystin sources, sea otter necropsy with biochemical analysis of tissues and evaluation of bioaccumulation of freshwater microcystins by marine invertebrates. Ocean discharge of freshwater microcystins was confirmed for three nutrient-impaired rivers flowing into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and microcystin concentrations up to 2,900 ppm (2.9 million ppb) were detected in a freshwater lake and downstream tributaries to within 1 km of the ocean. Deaths of 21 southern sea otters, a federally listed threatened species, were linked to microcystin intoxication. Finally, farmed and free-living marine clams, mussels and oysters of species that are often consumed by sea otters and humans exhibited significant biomagnification (to 107 times ambient water levels) and slow depuration of freshwater cyanotoxins, suggesting a potentially serious environmental and public health threat that extends from the lowest trophic levels of nutrient-impaired freshwater habitat to apex marine predators. Microcystin-poisoned sea otters were commonly recovered near river mouths and harbors and contaminated marine bivalves were implicated as the most likely source of this potent hepatotoxin for wild otters. This is the first report of deaths of marine mammals due to cyanotoxins and confirms the existence of a novel class of marine "harmful algal bloom'' in the Pacific coastal environment; that of hepatotoxic shellfish poisoning (HSP), suggesting that animals and humans are at risk from microcystin poisoning when consuming shellfish harvested at the land-sea interface. C1 [Miller, Melissa A.; Oates, Stori C.; Toy-Choutka, Sharon; Jessup, David A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Miller, Melissa A.; Kudela, Raphael M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mekebri, Abdu; Crane, Dave] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Water Pollut Control Lab, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. [Tinker, M. Timothy] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Staedler, Michelle; Murray, Michael] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA USA. [Miller, Woutrina A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dominik, Clare; Hardin, Dane] Appl Marine Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Langlois, Gregg] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Ward, Kim] State Water Resources Control Board, Div Water Qual, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM mmiller@ospr.dfg.ca.gov RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 FU California Division of Water Quality, State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB); California Department of Fish and Game, Division of Spill Prevention and Respons; CDFG Water Pollution Control Laboratory FX Financial assistance was provided by the California Division of Water Quality, State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB), the California Department of Fish and Game, Division of Spill Prevention and Response and the CDFG Water Pollution Control Laboratory. Co-Author Kim Ward of the SWRCB assisted with basic concepts of study design and data analysis in relation to ongoing statewide research on microcystins, but the various funding agencies had no directive or editorial role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 83 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12576 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012576 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 648IX UT WOS:000281687300002 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Yeung, CKL Yao, CT Tian, XH Li, SH AF Chesser, R. Terry Yeung, Carol K. L. Yao, Cheng-Te Tian, Xiu-Hua Li, Shou-Hsien TI Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE spoonbills; Platalea; Threskiornithidae; mitochondrial DNA ID LIKELIHOOD; ACCURATE; MODELS; BIRDS AB Spoonbills (genus Platalea) are a small group of wading birds, generally considered to constitute the subfamily Plataleinae (Aves: Threskiornithidae). We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among the six species of spoonbills using variation in sequences of the mitochondrial genes ND2 and cytochrome b (total 1796 bp). Topologies of phylogenetic trees reconstructed using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian analyses were virtually identical and supported monophyly of the spoonbills. Most relationships within Platalea received strong support: P. minor and P. regia were closely related sister species, P. leucorodia was sister to the minor-regia clade, and P. alba was sister to the minor-regia-leucorodia clade. Relationships of P. flavipes and P. ajaja were less well resolved: these species either formed a clade that was sister to the four-species clade, or were successive sisters to this clade. This phylogeny is consistent with ideas of relatedness derived from spoonbill morphology. Our limited sampling of the Threskiornithinae (ibises), the putative sister group to the spoonbills, indicated that this group is paraphyletic, in agreement with previous molecular data; this suggests that separation of the Threskiornithidae into subfamilies Plataleinae and Threskiornithinae may not be warranted. C1 [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Yeung, Carol K. L.; Li, Shou-Hsien] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Yao, Cheng-Te] Endem Species Res Inst, Chi Chi 552, Nantou, Taiwan. [Yao, Cheng-Te] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Life Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Tian, Xiu-Hua] NE Forestry Univ, Coll Wildlife, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. FU National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. FX We thank the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and the Australian National Wildlife Collection, Canberra, for providing samples, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants to S.-H.L. from the National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 6 PY 2010 IS 2603 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 646GD UT WOS:000281525600002 ER PT J AU Rogers, CS AF Rogers, C. S. TI Words matter: recommendations for clarifying coral disease nomenclature and terminology SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Coral; Disease; Syndrome; Nomenclature ID SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; SP-NOV.; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; PATHOGEN; PLAGUE AB Coral diseases have caused significant losses on Caribbean reefs and are becoming a greater concern in the Pacific. Progress in coral disease research requires collaboration and communication among experts from many different disciplines. The lack of consistency in the use of terms and names in the recent scientific literature reflects the absence of an authority for naming coral diseases, a lack of consensus on the meaning of even some of the most basic terms as they apply to corals, and imprecision in the use of descriptive words. The lack of consensus partly reflects the complexity of this newly emerging field of research. Establishment of a nomenclature committee under the Coral Disease and Health Consortium (CDHC) could lead to more standardized definitions and could promote use of appropriate medical terminology for describing and communicating disease conditions in corals. This committee could also help to define disease terminology unique to corals where existing medical terminology is not applicable. These efforts will help scientists communicate with one another and with the general public more effectively. Scientists can immediately begin to reduce some of the confusion simply by explicitly defining the words they are using. In addition, digital photographs can be posted on the CDHC website and included in publications to document the macroscopic (gross) signs of the conditions observed on coral colonies along with precisely written characterizations and descriptions. C1 US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Rogers, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. EM caroline_rogers@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.3354/dao02261 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 672ZH UT WOS:000283626600010 PM 21387996 ER PT J AU DeLong, SB Hilley, GE Rymer, MJ Prentice, C AF DeLong, Stephen B. Hilley, George E. Rymer, Michael J. Prentice, Carol TI Fault zone structure from topography: Signatures of en echelon fault slip at Mustang Ridge on the San Andreas Fault, Monterey County, California SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID CREEPING SEGMENT; EARTHQUAKE; DIFFUSION; SYSTEM; LANDFORMS; EVOLUTION; SCARPS; RATES AB We used high-resolution topography to quantify the spatial distribution of scarps, linear valleys, topographic sinks, and oversteepened stream channels formed along an extensional step over on the San Andreas Fault (SAF) at Mustang Ridge, California. This location provides detail of both creeping fault landform development and complex fault zone kinematics. Here, the SAF creeps 10-14 mm/yr slower than at locations similar to 20 km along the fault in either direction. This spatial change in creep rate is coincident with a series of en echelon oblique-normal faults that strike obliquely to the SAF and may accommodate the missing deformation. This study presents a suite of analyses that are helpful for proper mapping of faults in locations where high-resolution topographic data are available. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that two large subsidiary faults near the center of the step over zone appear to carry significant distributed deformation based on their large apparent vertical offsets, the presence of associated sag ponds and fluvial knickpoints, and the observation that they are rotating a segment of the main SAF. Several subsidiary faults in the southeastern portion of Mustang Ridge are likely less active; they have few associated sag ponds and have older scarp morphologic ages and subdued channel knickpoints. Several faults in the northwestern part of Mustang Ridge, though relatively small, are likely also actively accommodating active fault slip based on their young morphologic ages and the presence of associated sag ponds. Citation: DeLong, S. B., G. E. Hilley, M. J. Rymer, and C. Prentice (2010), Fault zone structure from topography: Signatures of en echelon fault slip at Mustang Ridge on the San Andreas Fault, Monterey County, California, Tectonics, 29, TC5003, doi:10.1029/2010TC002673. C1 [DeLong, Stephen B.; Rymer, Michael J.; Prentice, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hilley, George E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP DeLong, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sdelong@email.arizona.edu OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 FU USGS FX This work was funded by a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship to S. B. D. Thanks to J. T. Perron for his publicly available DFT codes. Thanks to J. Lienkeamper for helpful discussions. This work was possible thanks to several decades of access granted to USGS and other workers to private lands at Peach Tree Ranch. Thanks to J. Stock for a helpful review of an early version, and J. R. Arrowsmith, M. Taylor, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful reviews. We acknowledge NCALM and the GeoEarthScope program for collecting these lidar data and C. Crosby and the rest of the opentopography.org team for making the data easily accessible. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 29 AR TC5003 DI 10.1029/2010TC002673 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 647QS UT WOS:000281634300002 ER PT J AU Ciancio, J Beauchamp, DA Pascual, M AF Ciancio, Javier Beauchamp, David A. Pascual, Miguel TI Marine effect of introduced salmonids: Prey consumption by exotic steelhead and anadromous brown trout in the Patagonian Continental Shelf SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RAINBOW-TROUT; ARCTIC CHARR; SEA-TROUT; ARGENTINA; LAKE; PENGUINS; PREFERENCES; POPULATION AB On the basis of stable isotope analysis, we estimated the marine diet of the most abundant anadromous salmonid species in Patagonian Atlantic basins. The results were coupled with bioenergetic and population models to estimate the consumption of food by salmonids and was compared with that by seabirds, the most abundant top predators in the area. Amphipods were the main salmonid prey, followed by sprat, silversides, squid, and euphausiids. The total consumption, even assuming large anadromous salmonid populations, represented < 5% of the total consumption by seabirds. We also identified the particular seabird colonies and artisanal fisheries with which salmonid trophic interactions at a more local scale could be significant. C1 [Ciancio, Javier; Pascual, Miguel] Ctr Nacl Patagon CONICET, Puerto Madryn Chubut, Argentina. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ciancio, J (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM javier.ciancio@noaa.gov FU Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral [29-B056]; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica [0211818]; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Fundacion Antorchas [53900-13]; Fulbright Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Institute FX This work was supported by grants from the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (research project 29-B056) and Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (0211818) to M.P., and from the Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Fundacion Antorchas (53900-13) to O.I. The Fulbright Foundation supported D.A.B.'s involvement in this paper. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Wildlife Institute. We thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable criticism and comments on the manuscript. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 2181 EP 2192 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.2181 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 673MI UT WOS:000283667100034 ER PT J AU Anderson, ST Friedman, D Oprea, R AF Anderson, Steven T. Friedman, Daniel Oprea, Ryan TI Preemption Games: Theory and Experiment SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article ID REAL OPTIONS; INVESTMENT; UNCERTAINTY; COMPETITION; INNOVATION; MARKET; MODEL C1 [Anderson, Steven T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Minerals Informat Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Friedman, Daniel; Oprea, Ryan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Econ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Anderson, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Minerals Informat Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM sanderson@usgs.gov; dan@uscs.edu; roprea@usc.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1778 EP 1803 DI 10.1257/aer.100.4.1778 PG 26 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 651FM UT WOS:000281911400018 ER PT J AU Moncayo, AC Cohen, SB Fritzen, CM Huang, EL Yabsley, MJ Freye, JD Dunlap, BG Huang, JJ Mead, DG Jones, TF Dunn, JR AF Moncayo, Abelardo C. Cohen, Sara B. Fritzen, Charissa M. Huang, Eileen Yabsley, Michael J. Freye, James D. Dunlap, Brett G. Huang, Junjun Mead, Daniel G. Jones, Timothy F. Dunn, John R. TI Absence of Rickettsia rickettsii and Occurrence of Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks from Tennessee SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; PARKERI INFECTION; PREVALENCE; HUMANS; SURVEILLANCE; BARTONELLA; CALIFORNIA; EHRLICHIA; PATHOGENS AB Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is the most common tick-borne illness in Tennessee Little is known about the occurrence of R. rickettsu the causative agent. in ticks in Tennessee To better understand the prevalence and distribution of rickettsial agents in ticks, we tested 1,265 Amblyomma. Dermacentor. and Ixodes adult and nymphal ticks. Additionally, we tested 231 Amblyomma americanum larvae Ticks were collected from 49 counties from humans, wild animals, domestic canines. and flannel drags. Spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 32% of adult and nymphal ticks A total minimum infection rate of 85 63 was found in larval pools tested. Three rickettsia! species. Rickettsia montana. Rickettsia amblyompm, and Rickettsia cooleyi were identified by molecular analysis Rickettsra rick-emu was not detected This study suggests that some RMSF cases reported in Tennessee may be caused by cross-reactivity with other SFGR antigenically related to R rickettsu. C1 [Moncayo, Abelardo C.; Cohen, Sara B.; Fritzen, Charissa M.; Huang, Eileen; Huang, Junjun; Jones, Timothy F.; Dunn, John R.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Nashville, TN 37216 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.; Mead, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources,SE Cooperat, Athens, GA USA. [Freye, James D.; Dunlap, Brett G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Madison, TN USA. RP Moncayo, AC (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Vector Borne Dis Sect, 630 Hart Lane, Nashville, TN 37216 USA. RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research was supported by an appointment to the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Fellowship Program administered by the Association of Public I kalif) Laboratories (APHL) and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) NR 35 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3 BP 653 EP 657 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0197 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 645SZ UT WOS:000281487800035 PM 20810834 ER PT J AU Larsen, LG Harvey, JW AF Larsen, Laurel G. Harvey, Judson W. TI How Vegetation and Sediment Transport Feedbacks Drive Landscape Change in the Everglades and Wetlands Worldwide SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Everglades; wetlands; alternate stable states; modeling; patterned landscapes; sediment transport ID CATASTROPHIC SHIFTS; SPATIAL COMPLEXITY; PATTERN-FORMATION; SLOUGH LANDSCAPE; NATIONAL-PARK; ECOSYSTEMS; MODELS; RIDGE; EUTROPHICATION; RESTORATION AB Mechanisms reported to promote landscape self-organization cannot explain vegetation patterning oriented parallel to flow. Recent catastrophic shifts in Everglades landscape pattern and ecological function highlight the need to understand the feedbacks governing these ecosystems. We modeled feedback between vegetation, hydrology, and sediment transport on the basis of a decade of experimentation. Results from more than 100 simulations showed that flows just sufficient to redistribute sediment from sparsely vegetated sloughs to dense ridges were needed for an equilibrium patterned landscape oriented parallel to flow. Surprisingly, although vegetation heterogeneity typically conveys resilience, in wetlands governed by flow/sediment feedbacks it indicates metastability, whereby the landscape is prone to catastrophic shifts. Substantial increases or decreases in flow relative to the equilibrium condition caused an expansion of emergent vegetation and loss of open-water areas that was unlikely to revert upon restoration of the equilibrium hydrology. Understanding these feedbacks is critical in forecasting wetland responses to changing conditions and designing management strategies that optimize ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration or habitat provision. Our model and new sensitivity analysis techniques address these issues and make it newly apparent that simply returning flow to predrainage conditions in the Everglades may not be sufficient to restore historic landscape patterns and processes. C1 [Larsen, Laurel G.; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Larsen, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lglarsen@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0636079]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); National Park Service [F5284-08-0024] FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation award EAR-0636079, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Priority Ecosystems Studies Program, the USGS National Research Program, and the National Park Service, through interagency agreement F5284-08-0024. Reviews by L. Blum, G. Hornberger, C. Hupp, M. Voytek, and three anonymous reviewers improved the article. NR 58 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 31 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 176 IS 3 BP E66 EP E79 DI 10.1086/655215 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 634YA UT WOS:000280621000012 PM 20635883 ER PT J AU Brown, CJ Misut, PE AF Brown, Craig J. Misut, Paul E. TI Aquifer geochemistry at potential aquifer storage and recovery sites in coastal plain aquifers in the New York city area, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FERRIC IRON; WATER-QUALITY; GROUND-WATER; LONG-ISLAND; RECHARGE; PYRITE; ASR; SOLUBILITY; OXIDATION; SEDIMENTS AB The effects of injecting oxic water from the New York city (NYC) drinking-water supply and distribution system into a nearby anoxic coastal plain aquifer for later recovery during periods of water shortage (aquifer storage and recovery, or ASR) were simulated by a 3-dimensional, reactive-solute transport model. The Cretaceous aquifer system in the NYC area of New York and New Jersey, USA contains pyrite, goethite, locally occurring siderite, lignite, and locally varying amounts of dissolved Fe and salinity. Sediment from cores drilled on Staten Island and western Long Island had high extractable concentrations of Fe, Mn, and acid volatile sulfides (AVS) plus chromium-reducible sulfides (CRS) and low concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and U. Similarly, water samples from the Lloyd aquifer (Cretaceous) in western Long Island generally contained high concentrations of Fe and Mn and low concentrations of other trace elements such as As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and U, all of which were below US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and NY maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). In such aquifer settings, ASR operations can be complicated by the oxidative dissolution of pyrite, low pH. and high concentrations of dissolved Fe in extracted water. The simulated injection of buffered, oxic city water into a hypothetical ASR well increased the hydraulic head at the well, displaced the ambient groundwater, and formed a spheroid of injected water with lower concentrations of Fe, Mn and major ions in water surrounding the ASR well, than in ambient water. Both the dissolved O(2) concentrations and the pH of water near the well generally increased in magnitude during the simulated 5-a injection phase. The resultant oxidation of Fe(2+) and attendant precipitation of goethite during injection provided a substrate for sorption of dissolved Fe during the 8-a extraction phase. The baseline scenario with a low (0.001 M) concentration of pyrite in aquifer sediments, indicated that nearly 190% more water with acceptably low concentrations of dissolved Fe could be extracted than was injected. Scenarios with larger amounts of pyrite in aquifer sediments generally resulted in less goethite precipitation, increased acidity, and increased concentrations of dissolved Fe in extracted water. In these pyritic scenarios, the lower amounts of goethite precipitated and the lower pH during the extraction phase resulted in decreased sorption of Fe(2+) and a decreased amount of extractable water with acceptably low concentrations of dissolved Fe (5.4 x 10(-6) M). A linear decrease in recovery efficiency with respect to dissolved Fe concentrations is caused by pyrite dissolution and the associated depletion of dissolved O(2) (DO) and increase in acidity. Simulations with more than 0.0037 M of pyrite, which is the maximum amount dissolved in the baseline scenario, had just over a 50% recovery efficiency. The precipitation of ferric hydroxide minerals (goethite) at the well screen, and a possible associated decrease in specific capacity of the ASR well, was not apparent during the extraction phase of ASR simulations, but the model does not incorporate the microbial effects and biofouling associated with ferric hydroxide precipitation. The host groundwater chemistry in calcite-poor Cretaceous aquifers of the NYC area consists of low alkalinity and moderate to low pH. The dissolution of goethite in scenarios with unbuffered injectate indicates that corrosion of the well could occur if the injectate is not buffered. Simulations with buffered injectate resulted in greater precipitation of goethite, and lower concentrations of dissolved Fe, in the extracted water. Dissolved Fe concentrations in extracted water were highest in simulations of aquifers (1) in which pyrite and siderite in the aquifer were in equilibrium, and (2) in coastal areas affected by saltwater intrusion, where high dissolved-cation concentrations provide a greater exchange of Fe(2+) (FeX(2)). Results indicate that ASR in pyrite-bearing, Cretaceous aquifers of the NYC area can be a cost effective way to both store drinking water supplies and significantly reduce ambient concentrations of dissolved Fe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brown, Craig J.] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Misut, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA. RP Brown, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM cjbrown@usgs.gov RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012 FU The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) FX The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) provided funding for this project and assistance with drilling and coring. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1431 EP 1452 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.07.001 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 645XJ UT WOS:000281499200013 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL AF DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Foreword to the Siberian lakes special issue SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Miami, Biol Resources Div, USGS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Biol Resources Div, USGS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM don_deangelis@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 479 EP 479 DI 10.1007/s10452-010-9337-5 PG 1 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 694YU UT WOS:000285338600001 ER PT J AU Mooij, WM Trolle, D Jeppesen, E Arhonditsis, G Belolipetsky, PV Chitamwebwa, DBR Degermendzhy, AG DeAngelis, DL Domis, LND Downing, AS Elliott, JA Fragoso, CR Gaedke, U Genova, SN Gulati, RD Hakanson, L Hamilton, DP Hipsey, MR 't Hoen, J Hulsmann, S Los, FH Makler-Pick, V Petzoldt, T Prokopkin, IG Rinke, K Schep, SA Tominaga, K Van Dam, AA Van Nes, EH Wells, SA Janse, JH AF Mooij, Wolf M. Trolle, Dennis Jeppesen, Erik Arhonditsis, George Belolipetsky, Pavel V. Chitamwebwa, Deonatus B. R. Degermendzhy, Andrey G. DeAngelis, Donald L. Domis, Lisette N. De Senerpont Downing, Andrea S. Elliott, J. Alex Fragoso, Carlos Ruberto, Jr. Gaedke, Ursula Genova, Svetlana N. Gulati, Ramesh D. Hakanson, Lars Hamilton, David P. Hipsey, Matthew R. 't Hoen, Jochem Huelsmann, Stephan Los, F. Hans Makler-Pick, Vardit Petzoldt, Thomas Prokopkin, Igor G. Rinke, Karsten Schep, Sebastiaan A. Tominaga, Koji Van Dam, Anne A. Van Nes, Egbert H. Wells, Scott A. Janse, Jan H. TI Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquatic; Food web dynamics; Plankton; Nutrients; Spatial; Lake; Freshwater; Marine; Community; Population; Hydrology; Eutrophication; Global change; Climate warming; Fisheries; Biodiversity; Management; Mitigation; Adaptive processes; Non-linear dynamics; Analysis; Bifurcation; Understanding; Prediction; Model limitations; Model integration ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; OF-THE-ART; DAPHNIA POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TROPHIC STATE INDICATORS; PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM; CAUSES REGIME SHIFTS; LIBRARY SALMO-OO; SHALLOW LAKES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES AB A large number and wide variety of lake ecosystem models have been developed and published during the past four decades. We identify two challenges for making further progress in this field. One such challenge is to avoid developing more models largely following the concept of others ('reinventing the wheel'). The other challenge is to avoid focusing on only one type of model, while ignoring new and diverse approaches that have become available ('having tunnel vision'). In this paper, we aim at improving the awareness of existing models and knowledge of concurrent approaches in lake ecosystem modelling, without covering all possible model tools and avenues. First, we present a broad variety of modelling approaches. To illustrate these approaches, we give brief descriptions of rather arbitrarily selected sets of specific models. We deal with static models (steady state and regression models), complex dynamic models (CAEDYM, CE-QUAL-W2, Delft 3D-ECO, LakeMab, LakeWeb, MyLake, PCLake, PROTECH, SALMO), structurally dynamic models and minimal dynamic models. We also discuss a group of approaches that could all be classified as individual based: super-individual models (Piscator, Charisma), physiologically structured models, stage-structured models and traitbased models. We briefly mention genetic algorithms, neural networks, Kalman filters and fuzzy logic. Thereafter, we zoom in, as an in-depth example, on the multi-decadal development and application of the lake ecosystem model PCLake and related models (PCLake Metamodel, Lake Shira Model, IPH-TRIM3D-PCLake). In the discussion, we argue that while the historical development of each approach and model is understandable given its 'leading principle', there are many opportunities for combining approaches. We take the point of view that a single 'right' approach does not exist and should not be strived for. Instead, multiple modelling approaches, applied concurrently to a given problem, can help develop an integrative view on the functioning of lake ecosystems. We end with a set of specific recommendations that may be of help in the further development of lake ecosystem models. C1 [Mooij, Wolf M.; Domis, Lisette N. De Senerpont; Downing, Andrea S.; Gulati, Ramesh D.; 't Hoen, Jochem] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. [Trolle, Dennis; Jeppesen, Erik] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Freshwater Ecol, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. [Jeppesen, Erik] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, GCRC, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Arhonditsis, George] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Belolipetsky, Pavel V.; Genova, Svetlana N.] Siberian Fed Univ, Inst Computat Modelling SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Chitamwebwa, Deonatus B. R.] Tanzania Fisheries Res Inst TAFIRI, Mwanza Ctr, Mwanza, Tanzania. [Degermendzhy, Andrey G.; Prokopkin, Igor G.] Inst Biophys SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, USGS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Fragoso, Carlos Ruberto, Jr.] Univ Fed Alagoas, Ctr Technol, BR-57072970 Maceio, AL, Brazil. [Downing, Andrea S.; 't Hoen, Jochem; Van Nes, Egbert H.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Aquat Ecol & Water Qual, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Elliott, J. Alex] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lake Ecosyst Grp, Algal Modelling Unit, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England. [Gaedke, Ursula] Univ Potsdam, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Modelling, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Hakanson, Lars] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hamilton, David P.] Univ Waikato, Ctr Biodivers & Ecol Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Huelsmann, Stephan; Petzoldt, Thomas] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrobiol, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Hipsey, Matthew R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Huelsmann, Stephan] Tech Univ Dresden, Neunzehnhain Ecol Stn, D-09514 Lengefeld, Germany. [Los, F. Hans] Deltares, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Makler-Pick, Vardit] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Rinke, Karsten] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Lake Res, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany. [Schep, Sebastiaan A.] Witteveen & Bos, NL-7400 AV Deventer, Netherlands. [Tominaga, Koji] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Van Dam, Anne A.] UNESCO IHE Inst Water Educ, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Wells, Scott A.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Janse, Jan H.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy PBL, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Mooij, WM (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, Rijksstr Weg 6, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. EM w.mooij@nioo.knaw.nl RI Trolle, Dennis/B-5465-2008; Fragoso Jr., Carlos Ruberto/A-7290-2011; Jeppesen, Erik/A-4463-2012; van Dam, Anne A./M-4251-2013; De Senerpont Domis, Lisette/C-2902-2008; Tominaga, Koji/C-9795-2009; van Nes, Egbert/F-2681-2011; Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008; Petzoldt, Thomas/C-6198-2009; Elliott, James/I-6862-2012; Arhonditsis, George/C-6980-2009; Genova, Svetlana/B-3287-2013; Gulati, Ramesh/F-4943-2013; Downing, Andrea/H-4465-2012; Hulsmann, Stephan/K-9146-2015; Gulati, Ramesh D./A-3155-2011; Rinke, Karsten/E-6163-2016; OI Fragoso Jr., Carlos Ruberto/0000-0002-5853-6030; Jeppesen, Erik/0000-0002-0542-369X; van Dam, Anne A./0000-0002-5073-7241; De Senerpont Domis, Lisette/0000-0001-7509-9541; Tominaga, Koji/0000-0002-5006-784X; van Nes, Egbert/0000-0002-6345-104X; Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200; Petzoldt, Thomas/0000-0002-4951-6468; Downing, Andrea/0000-0002-5206-9355; Hulsmann, Stephan/0000-0002-9569-7626; Rinke, Karsten/0000-0003-0864-6722; Arhonditsis, George/0000-0001-5359-8737 FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [047.017.012, 817.01.007]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); EU; CRES FX WM, RG, IP, SG, PV and AD were supported by grant 047.017.012 of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). LDSD was supported by NWO grant 817.01.007. DT and EJ were supported by EU-REFRESH, EU-WISER, CLEAR (a Villum Kann Rasmussen Centre of Excellence Project on lake restoration) and CRES. We thank Prof. Andre De Roos for his insightful comments and Dr. Tom Andersen for his contribution to the text. JJ wishes to thank Drs. T. Aldenberg, Dr. L. Van Liere, Mr. M.J. 't Hart, Ir. M.H.J.L Jeuken, Ing. S. van Tol, Ir. J.S. Sloot and many others including the many people who provided lake data, for their contributions to PCLake. This is publication 4838 of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW). NR 260 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 10 U2 167 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 EI 1573-5125 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 633 EP 667 DI 10.1007/s10452-010-9339-3 PG 35 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 694YU UT WOS:000285338600012 ER PT J AU Handel, CM Gill, RE AF Handel, Colleen M. Gill, Robert E., Jr. TI Wayward Youth: Trans-Beringian Movement and Differential Southward Migration by Juvenile Sharp-tailed Sandpipers SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE sharp-tailed sandpiper; Calidris acuminata; Alaska; Beringia; Oceania; differential migration; autumn; body mass; fueling; staging; tilling; shorebirds ID PLOVERS PLUVIALIS-SQUATAROLA; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; BIRD MIGRATION; FEATHER QUALITY; SEX-RATIO; ALASKA; SHOREBIRDS; MOLT; STRATEGIES; BEHAVIOR AB The sharp-tailed sandpiper (Calidris acuminata) is a long-distance migrant that travels each year from breeding grounds in the Russian Arctic to nonbreeding areas in Australasia. Most adults migrate rapidly from breeding grounds along a largely inland route through Asia. Here we report on the highly unusual migratory strategy of this species in which some juveniles, but virtually no adults, take a pronounced detour to western Alaska before proceeding on southward migration. We analyzed data from our own studies in this region and published and unpublished observations and specimen records of sharptailed sandpipers from the entire Pacific Basin. Each autumn, sharp-tailed sandpipers began arriving on coastal graminoid meadows and intertidal habitats throughout western Alaska during the last half of August and the last sandpipers departed from southwestern Alaska during October and November. Body mass of birds banded or collected across multiple years and sites in western Alaska (n = 330) increased by an average of 0.57 + 0.06 g per day between mid-August and late October. Records suggest a small, regular movement of juveniles (and a very few adults) along the Asiatic coast, but we estimate from surveys that a few tens of thousands of juveniles stage in western Alaska each autumn. The distribution of sight and specimen records from the Pacific Basin during autumn suggests strongly age-segregated migration routes, with the principal migration of juveniles crossing central and western Oceania in a possible nonstop trans-Pacific flight from Alaska. This is only the second well-documented case of differential migration among birds that involves different routes for adults and juveniles, and it raises intriguing questions about how and why this system has evolved. C1 [Handel, Colleen M.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Handel, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM colleen_handel@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 NR 103 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2010 VL 63 IS 3 BP 273 EP 288 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651KB UT WOS:000281925500003 ER PT J AU Birdwell, JE Valsaraj, KT AF Birdwell, Justin E. Valsaraj, Kalliat T. TI Characterization of dissolved organic matter in fogwater by excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fogwater; Dissolved organic matter; Excitation-emission matrix (EEM); fluorescence; Fluorescence indices; Humic substances ID CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ATMOSPHERIC WATER FILMS; GULF-COAST CORRIDOR; FOG DROPLETS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; UV-PHOTOOXIDATION; RADIATION FOGS; CHEMISTRY; NAPHTHALENE AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in fogwater samples collected in southeastern Louisiana and central-eastern China has been characterized using excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. The goal of the study was to illustrate the utility of fluorescence for obtaining information on the large fraction of organic carbon in fogwaters (typically >40% by weight) that defies characterization in terms of specific chemical compounds without the difficulty inherent in obtaining sufficient fogwater volume to isolate DOM for assessment using other spectroscopic and chemical analyses. Based on the findings of previous studies using other characterization methods, it was anticipated that the unidentified organic carbon fraction would have characteristic peaks associated with humic substances and fluorescent amino acids. Both humic- and protein-like fluorophores were observed in the fogwater spectra and fluorescence-derived indices for the fogwater had similar values to those of soil and sediment porewater. Greater biological character was observed in samples with higher organic carbon concentrations. Fogwaters are shown to contain a mixture of terrestrially- and microbially-derived fluorescent organic material, which is expected to be derived from an array of different sources, such as suspended soil and dust particles, biogenic emissions and organic substances generated by atmospheric processes. The fluorescence results indicate that much of the unidentified organic carbon present in fogwater can be represented by humic-like and biologically-derived substances similar to those present in other aquatic systems, though it should be noted that fluorescent signatures representative of DOM produced by atmospheric processing of organic aerosols may be contributing to or masked by humic-like fluorophores. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Birdwell, Justin E.; Valsaraj, Kalliat T.] Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Birdwell, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jbirdw1@gmail.com RI Valsaraj, Kalliat/B-6451-2008; OI Valsaraj, Kalliat/0000-0003-0251-1739; Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 FU Cain Department of Chemical Engineering; National Science Foundation [ATM 0907261] FX The authors thank Eurico D'Sa for use of the fluorescence and absorbance instruments, Jeffery Collett, Jr. for providing the Mt. Tai fogwater samples and active strand collector, Robert Gambrell for TOC and TN analyses of the Prairieville samples and Annette Summers Engel for the cation and anion analyses. This work was supported by the Cain Department of Chemical Engineering and, in part, by the National Science Foundation (Grant No: ATM 0907261). NR 45 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 27 BP 3246 EP 3253 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.055 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 638YZ UT WOS:000280938400003 ER PT J AU Buckingham, SE Neff, J Titiz-Maybach, B Reynolds, RL AF Buckingham, Susan E. Neff, Jason Titiz-Maybach, Beyhan Reynolds, Richard L. TI Chemical and textural controls on phosphorus mobility in drylands of southeastern Utah SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Available phosphorus; Canyonlands National Park; Hedley fractions; Occluded phosphorus; Soil biogeochemistry; P stabilization ID AFFECTING PHOSPHATE SORPTION; CALCAREOUS SOILS; MEDITERRANEAN SHRUBLAND; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; PLANT NUTRIENTS; SEMIARID SOILS; ADSORPTION; DESERT; OXIDES; PH AB We investigated several forms of phosphorus (P) in dryland soils to examine the chemical and textural controls on P stabilization on a diverse set of substrates. We examined three P fractions including labile, moderately labile, and occluded as determined by a modified Hedley fractionation technique. The P fractions were compared to texture measurements and total elemental concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Labile P related to the absence of materials involved in P sorption. Moderately labile P was most strongly associated with high total Al & Fe content that we interpret to represent oxides and 1:1 clay minerals. The occluded P fraction was strongly associated with low total Al & Fe environments and interpreted to represent 2:1 clay minerals where ligand exchange tightly sequesters P. The results indicate that the controls on P fraction distribution are initially closely tied to the chemical and physical properties of the bedrock units that contribute to soil formation. Further, these results suggest that the progression of stabilized P forms in dryland areas differs from the progression observed in mesic environments. Soil development in dryland settings, such as the formation of pedogenic carbonates, may lead to differing controls on P availability and the proportional size of the moderately labile fraction. C1 [Buckingham, Susan E.; Neff, Jason] Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Buckingham, Susan E.; Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Titiz-Maybach, Beyhan] Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. RP Buckingham, SE (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Campus Box 399,2200 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM susan.buckingham@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank Gary Skipp (USGS) for completion of x-ray diffraction analysis and Eric Fisher (USGS) for particle size analysis. We also thank Dan Fernandez for assistance in the lab and comments on this manuscript. The authors thank Dr. Anne DePrince (University of Denver) and Dr. Cathy Stewart (University of Colorado) for comments on previous versions of this manuscript. We also thank Dr. Anthony Hayter (University of Denver) for advice on the statistical design. This project was funded by the Global Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9408-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 646UO UT WOS:000281568700008 ER PT J AU Cross, WF Rosi-Marshall, EJ Behn, KE Kennedy, TA Hall, RO Fuller, AE Baxter, CV AF Cross, Wyatt F. Rosi-Marshall, Emma J. Behn, Kathrine E. Kennedy, Theodore A. Hall, Robert O., Jr. Fuller, A. Elizabeth Baxter, Colden V. TI Invasion and production of New Zealand mud snails in the Colorado River, Glen Canyon SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Colorado River; Dam; Exotic species; Nonnative species; Potamopyrgus antipodarum; Secondary production ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; GRAND-CANYON; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; ZEBRA MUSSELS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; THERMAL REGIMES; RAINBOW-TROUT; DESERT RIVER; HUDSON RIVER; DAM AB Species invasions are often associated with large-scale human alteration of ecosystems. One classic example is the increasing dominance of non-native taxa below and above dams on large rivers. These dams substantially alter the physical template of river ecosystems, and exotic taxa often proliferate with potentially large impacts on coexisting taxa and ecosystem processes. Here we document the invasion of New Zealand mud snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) in the Colorado River directly below Lake Powell in Glen Canyon, Arizona, USA. We also quantified the magnitude and variability in growth and secondary production of P. antipodarum during 2006-2007 to gain a functional measure of their role in the ecosystem. Snails were first detected in Glen Canyon in 1995, and have since become a dominant component of the invertebrate fauna. Throughout the invasion of P. antipodarum, biomass of other dominant taxa was variable and did not appear to be positively or negatively influenced by the presence of P. antipodarum. Specific growth rates of P. antipodarum were moderate (0.001-0.030 day(-1)) and strongly related to body size. Mean annual habitat-weighted biomass and production were relatively high (biomass: 4.4 g/m(2); secondary production: 13.3 g m(-2) year(-1)) and similar among habitats. Mean monthly biomass and daily secondary production were much more variable, with highest values occurring in autumn. We show that invasion of a productive aquatic consumer to a highly disturbed river ecosystem had little detectable influence on the biomass of other invertebrate taxa. However, additional research will be necessary to fully understand and predict effects of P. antipodarum on coexisting taxa. C1 [Cross, Wyatt F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Wyatt F.; Behn, Kathrine E.; Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. [Kennedy, Theodore A.; Fuller, A. Elizabeth] USGS, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Cross, WF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM wyatt.cross@montana.edu FU United States Geological Survey [05WRAG0055] FX The United States Geological Survey supported this research through cooperative agreement 05WRAG0055 to ROH and ERM. We thank Julie Alexander, Matthew Andersen, Kiza Gates, James Junker, Billie Kerans, and David Walters for useful and constructive comments on earlier drafts. We also thank Daniel Simberloff and the anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 9 BP 3033 EP 3043 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9694-y PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638KE UT WOS:000280892600018 ER PT J AU Verma, M Cook, T AF Verma, Mahendra Cook, Troy TI Reserve Growth in Oil Pools of Alberta: Model and Forecast SO BULLETIN OF CANADIAN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Reserve growth is recognized as a major component of additions to reserves in most oil provinces around the world, particularly in mature provinces. It takes place as a result of the discovery of new pools/reservoirs and extensions of known pools within existing fields, improved knowledge of reservoirs over time leading to a change in estimates of original oil-in-place, and improvement in recovery factor through the application of new technology, such as enhanced oil recovery methods, horizontal/multilateral drilling, and 4D seismic. A reserve growth study was conducted on oil pools in Alberta, Canada, with the following objectives: 1) evaluate historical oil reserve data in order to assess the potential for future reserve growth; 2) develop reserve growth models/functions to help forecast hydrocarbon volumes; 3) study reserve growth sensitivity to various parameters (for example, pool size, porosity, and oil gravity); and 4) compare reserve growth in oil pools and fields in Alberta with those from other large petroleum provinces around the world. The reported known recoverable oil exclusive of Athabasca oil sands in Alberta increased from 4.5 billion barrels of oil (BBO) in 1960 to 17 BBO in 2005. Some of the pools that were included in the existing database were excluded from the present study for lack of adequate data. Therefore, the known recoverable oil increased from 4.2 to 13.9 BBO over the period from 1960 through 2005, with new discoveries contributing 3.7 BBO and reserve growth adding 6 BBO. This reserve growth took place mostly in pools with more than 125,000 barrels of known recoverable oil. Pools with light oil accounted for most of the total known oil volume, therefore reflecting the overall pool growth. Smaller pools, in contrast, shrank in their total recoverable volumes over the years. Pools with heavy oil (gravity less than 20 degrees API) make up only a small share (3.8 percent) of the total recoverable oil; they showed a 23-fold growth compared to about 3.5-fold growth in pools with medium oil and 2.2-fold growth in pools with light oil over a fifty-year period. The analysis indicates that pools with high porosity reservoirs (greater than 30 percent porosity) grew more than pools with lower porosity reservoirs which could possibly be attributed to permeability differences between the two types. Reserve growth models for Alberta, Canada, show the growth at field level is almost twice as much as at pool level, possibly because the analysis has evaluated fields with two or more pools with different discovery years. Based on the models, the growth in oil volumes in Alberta pools over the next five-year period (2006-2010) is expected to be about 454 million barrels of oil. Over a twenty-five year period, the cumulative reserve growth in Alberta oil pools has been only 2-fold compared to a 4- to- 5-fold increase in other petroleum producing areas such as Saskatchewan, Volga-Ural, U.S. onshore fields, and U.S. Gulf of Mexico. However, the growth at the field level compares well with that of U.S. onshore fields. In other petroleum provinces, the reserves are reported at field levels rather than at pool levels, the latter basically being the equivalent of individual reservoirs. C1 [Verma, Mahendra; Cook, Troy] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80220 USA. RP Verma, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80220 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS PI CALGARY PA SUITE 600, 640 - 8TH AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2P 1G7, CANADA SN 0007-4802 J9 B CAN PETROL GEOL JI Bull. Can. Pet. Geol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.2113/gscpgbull.58.3.283 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 698CX UT WOS:000285570200005 ER PT J AU Foott, JS Bigelow, J AF Foott, J. Scott Bigelow, John TI PATHOGEN SURVEY, GILL Na-K-ATPase ACTIVITY, AND LEUKOCYTE PROFILE OF ADULT DELTA SMELT SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article DE California; delta smelt; Hypomesus transpacificus; parasites; pathology; potassium; sodium; PCR; Sacramento River Delta ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; CALIFORNIA; SALMON; INDICATOR; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; ESTUARY AB Delta smelt abundance has declined drastically and the species was listed as threatened in 1993. The role of disease in this decline is largely unknown. One hundred and five adult smelt, collected from the lower Sacramento River between January and May 2010, were surveyed for infectious agents, blood leukocyte profile, and gill Na-K-ATPase activity. Few tissue changes or significant parasitic infections were observed in histological specimens and there was a low incidence of bacterial isolations. Asymptomatic Mycobacterium sp. infection was detected in 54% of the samples by PCR; however, this bacterial group was not isolated in culture. Gill Na-K-ATPase activity was lower in the January sample than subsequent month collections. The number of blood granulocytes increased between March and May. Disease did not appear to be an overt influence on the surveyed population in the spring of 2010. C1 [Foott, J. Scott; Bigelow, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. RP Foott, JS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, 24411 Coleman Hatchery Rd, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. EM Scott_Foott@fws.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2010 VL 96 IS 4 BP 223 EP 231 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 757BZ UT WOS:000290060300001 ER PT J AU Dekar, MP Magoulick, DD Beringer, J AF Dekar, Matthew P. Magoulick, Daniel D. Beringer, Jeff TI Bioenergetics assessment of fish and crayfish consumption by river otter (Lontra canadensis): integrating prey availability, diet, and field metabolic rate SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LUTRA-LUTRA; ENERGY-METABOLISM; HABITAT SELECTION; FOOD-HABITS; BODY-WATER; PREDATION; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; EXPENDITURE; ENERGETICS AB River otters (Lontra canadensis) are important predators in aquatic ecosystems, but few studies quantify their prey consumption. We trapped crayfish monthly as an index of availability and collected otter scat for diet analysis in the Ozark Mountains of northwestern Arkansas, USA. We measured otter daily energy expenditure (DEE) with the doubly labeled water method to develop a bioenergetics model for estimating monthly prey consumption. Meek's crayfish (Orconectes meeki) catch-per-unit-effort was positively related to stream temperature, indicating that crayfish were more available during warmer months. The percentage frequency of occurrence for crayfish in scat samples peaked at 85.0% in summer and was lowest (42.3%) in winter. In contrast, the percentage occurrence of fish was 13.3% in summer and 57.7% in winter. Estimates of DEE averaged 4738 kJ.day(-1) for an otter with a body mass of 7842 g. Total biomass consumption ranged from 35 079 to 52 653 g.month(-1) (wet mass), corresponding to a high proportion of fish and crayfish in the diet, respectively. Otter consumption represents a large fraction of prey production, indicating potentially strong effects of otters on trophic dynamics in stream ecosystems. C1 [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Beringer, Jeff] Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Dekar, MP (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, 1 Bear Pl 97178, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM matthew_dekar@baylor.edu FU Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Arkansas; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; US Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; Missouri Department of Conservation FX We thank C. Arias, J. Decoske, L. Forbes, and P. Jackson for assistance in the field. We thank E. Pollock for his assistance with sample preparation and mass spectrometry and S. Beaupre for his guidance with the doubly labeled water method and his generous contribution of labeled water. We are grateful for the technical advice and veterinary skills of J. Parker. We thank J. Clark, N. Roberts, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Expert guidance with trapping and equipment was provided by M. Fischer and W. Shank le. We thank P. Kowalewycz and the US Forest Service for river access and camping facilities. Partial funding for this study was provided by the Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit in conjunction with the University of Arkansas, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, the US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. We also thank the Missouri Department of Conservation for their financial and logistical assistance. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1439 EP 1448 DI 10.1139/F10-074 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 662UQ UT WOS:000282839800007 ER PT J AU Sak, PB Navarre-Sitchler, AK Miller, CE Daniel, CC Gaillardet, J Buss, HL Lebedeva, MI Brantley, SL AF Sak, Peter B. Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. Miller, Christine E. Daniel, Christopher C. Gaillardet, Jerome Buss, Heather L. Lebedeva, Marina I. Brantley, Susan L. TI Controls on rind thickness on basaltic andesite clasts weathering in Guadeloupe SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical weathering; Weathering rinds; Basalt weathering; Guadeloupe ID RIVER GEOCHEMISTRY; SILICATE MINERALS; DENUDATION RATES; LESSER ANTILLES; DIFFUSION-MODEL; EDGE-ROUNDNESS; EROSION RATE; LONG-TERM; DISSOLUTION; CLIMATE AB A clast of low porosity basaltic andesite collected from the B horizon of a soil developed on a late Quaternary volcaniclastic debris flow in the Bras David watershed on Basse-Terre Island, Guadeloupe, exhibits weathering like that observed in many weathered clasts of similar composition in other tropical locations. Specifically, elemental profiles measured across the core-rind interface document that primary minerals and glass weather to Fe oxyhydroxides, gibbsite and minor kaolinite in the rind. The earliest reaction identified in the core is oxidation of Fe in pyroxene but the earliest reaction that creates significant porosity is plagioclase dissolution. Elemental loss varies in the order Ca approximate to Na > K approximate to Mg>Si >Al> Fe approximate to p >> Ti. consistent with the relative reactivity of phases in the clast from plagioclase approximate to pyroxene approximate to glass>apatite> ilmenite. The rind surrounds a core of unaltered material that is more spherical than the original clast. The distance from the core-rind boundary to a visually prominent rind layer, L, was measured as a proxy for the rind thickness at 36 locations on a slab cut vertically through the nominal center of the clast. This distance averaged 24.4 +/- 3.1 mm. Maximum and minimum values for L, 35.8 and 20.6 mm, were observed where curvature of the core-rind boundary is greatest (0.12 mm(-1)) and smallest (0.018 mm(-1)) respectively. Extrapolating from other rinds in other locations, the rate of rind formation is estimated to vary by a factor of about 2 (from similar to 4 to 7 x 10(-14) m s(-1)) from low to high curvature. The observation of a higher rate of rind formation for a higher curvature interface is consistent with a diffusion-limited model for weathering rind formation. The diffusion-limited model predicts that, like rind thickness, values of the thickness of the reaction front (h) for a given reaction, defined as the zone over which a parent mineral such as plagioclase completely weathers to rind material, should also increase with curvature. Values of h were quantified as a function of interface curvature using bulk chemical analysis (500= 3-m wide) occurred at >= 20% of monitored dams (n = 7-86) and a similar or higher proportion was moderately damaged. We detected neither a relationship between dam size and damage level nor a flood discharge threshold for initiating major damage. Dam constituent materials appeared to control the probability of major damage at low (attenuated) flood magnitude. We conclude that environmental flows prescribed to sustain desert riparian forest will also reduce beaver-created lentic habitat in a non-linear manner determined by both beaver dam and flood attributes. Consideration of both desirable and undesirable consequences of ecological engineering by beaver is important when optimizing environmental flows to meet ecological and socioeconomic goals. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Andersen, Douglas C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, 86-68220,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 FU US Geological Survey; US Fish & Wildlife Service (Region 2); US Army Corps of Engineers (Los Angeles District) FX We thank Kathleen Blair, Stan Culling, Dick Gilbert, and Andrew Hautzinger for their support of our research on the Bill Williams River, Chris Holdren, Ty Wolters, and Rick Wydoski for key logistical help, and Courtney Walz, Tom Bates, Cynthia Pritekel, Troy Smith, Brad Cannon, and Tom Liptrott for help in the field. Volunteers Ed Bailey and Nina Faust conducted the 2000 dam census on the BWR NWR. We also thank S. Mark Nelson, Stewart Breck, and Cherie Westbrook for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding was provided by US Geological Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Service (Region 2), and US Army Corps of Engineers (Los Angeles District). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 62 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 56 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 325 EP 338 DI 10.1002/eco.113 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 648KC UT WOS:000281691500008 ER PT J AU Grundel, R Jean, RP Frohnapple, KJ Glowacki, GA Scott, PE Pavlovic, NB AF Grundel, Ralph Jean, Robert P. Frohnapple, Krystalynn J. Glowacki, Gary A. Scott, Peter E. Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Floral and nesting resources, habitat structure, and fire influence bee distribution across an open-forest gradient SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bee abundance; bee diversity; fire; habitat specialists; Indiana Dunes; land use; nestedness; nesting resources; oak savanna; oligolectic; plant richness; species density ID CROP POLLINATION SERVICES; MEDITERRANEAN LANDSCAPE; SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES; OAK SAVANNAS; NATIVE BEES; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; CONSERVATION; HYMENOPTERA; ECOSYSTEM AB Given bees' central effect on vegetation communities, it is important to understand how and why bee distributions vary across ecological gradients. We examined how plant community composition, plant diversity, nesting suitability, canopy cover, land use, and fire history affected bee distribution across an open-forest gradient in northwest Indiana, USA, a gradient similar to the historic Midwest United States landscape mosaic. When considered with the other predictors, plant community composition was not a significant predictor of bee community composition. Bee abundance was negatively related to canopy cover and positively to recent fire frequency, bee richness was positively related to plant richness and abundance of potential nesting resources, and bee community composition was significantly related to plant richness, soil characteristics potentially related to nesting suitability, and canopy cover. Thus, bee abundance was predicted by a different set of environmental characteristics than was bee species richness, and bee community composition was predicted, in large part, by a combination of the significant predictors of bee abundance and richness. Differences in bee community composition along the woody vegetation gradient were correlated with relative abundance of oligolectic, or diet specialist, bees. Because oligoleges were rarer than diet generalists and were associated with open habitats, their populations may be especially affected by degradation of open habitats. More habitat-specialist bees were documented for open and forest/scrub habitats than for savanna/woodland habitats, consistent with bees responding to habitats of intermediate woody vegetation density, such as savannas, as ecotones rather than as distinct habitat types. Similarity of bee community composition, similarity of bee abundance, and similarity of bee richness between sites were not significantly related to proximity of sites to each other. Nestedness analysis indicated that species composition in species-poor sites was not merely a subset of species composition at richer sites. The lack of significant proximity or nestedness effects suggests that factors at a small spatial scale strongly influence bees' use of sites. The findings indicate that patterns of plant diversity, nesting resource availability, recent fire, and habitat shading, present at the scale of a few hundred meters, are key determinants of bee community patterns in the mosaic open-savanna-forest landscape. C1 [Grundel, Ralph; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.; Glowacki, Gary A.; Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Jean, Robert P.; Scott, Peter E.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov FU USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative; National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Network FX We thank Jason Gibbs for assistance in bee identification, Sam Droege for assistance in bee identification and for providing sample bowls, and Jean Adams for statistical advice. Support for this project was provided by the USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative and by the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Network. Research was conducted with permission and assistance of the National Park Service and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Nature Preserves. This article is Contribution 1564 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 85 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 106 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1678 EP 1692 DI 10.1890/08-1792.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 643EN UT WOS:000281278500015 PM 20945767 ER PT J AU Beck, MW Hatch, LK Vondracek, B Valley, RD AF Beck, Marcus W. Hatch, Lorin K. Vondracek, Bruce Valley, Ray D. TI Development of a macrophyte-based index of biotic integrity for Minnesota lakes SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Aquatic macrophytes; Biological assessment; IBI; Lake monitoring; Metrics; Point intercept ID WATER-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; FISH-BASED INDEX; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; AQUATIC PLANTS; LITTORAL-ZONE; USA; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Traditional approaches for managing aquatic resources have often failed to account for effects of anthropogenic disturbances on biota that are not directly reflected by chemical and physical proxies of environmental condition. The index of biotic integrity (IBI) is a potentially effective assessment method to integrate ecological, functional, and structural aspects of aquatic systems. A macrophyte-based IBI was developed for Minnesota lakes to assess the ability of aquatic plant communities to indicate environmental condition. The index was developed using quantitative point intercept vegetation surveys for 97 lakes that represent a range of limnological and watershed characteristics. We followed an approach similar to that used in Wisconsin to develop the aquatic macrophyte community index (AMCI). Regional adaptation of the AMCI required the identification of species representative of macrophyte communities in Minnesota. Metrics and scaling methods were also substantially modified to produce a more empirically robust index. Regression analyses indicated that IBI scores reflected statewide differences in lake trophic state (R(2) = 0.57, F = 130.3, df = 1, 95, p < 0.005), agricultural (R(2) = 0.51, F = 83.0, df = 1, 79, p < 0.005), urban (R(2) = 0.22, F = 23.0, df = 1, 79, p < 0.005), and forested land uses (R(2) = 0.51, F = 84.7, df = 1.79. p < 0.005), and county population density (R(2) = 0.14, F = 16.6, df = 1.95, p < 0.005). Variance partitioning analyses using multiple regression models indicated a unique response of the IBI to human-induced stress separate from a response to natural lake characteristics. The IBI was minimally affected by differences in sample point density as indicated by Monte Carlo analyses of reduced sampling effort. Our analysis indicates that a macrophyte IBI calibrated for Minnesota lakes could be useful for identifying differences in environmental condition attributed to human-induced stress gradients. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, Marcus W.; Hatch, Lorin K.] Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Valley, Ray D.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55106 USA. RP Beck, MW (reprint author), 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM beckx266@umn.edu; Lorin.Hatch@hdrinc.com; bvondrac@umn.edu; Ray.Valley@dnr.state.mn.us NR 76 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 968 EP 979 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.02.006 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603ZB UT WOS:000278245700006 ER PT J AU Kauffman, MJ Brodie, JF Jules, ES AF Kauffman, Matthew J. Brodie, Jedediah F. Jules, Erik S. TI Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviorally mediated trophic cascade; Canis lupus; Cervus elaphus; density-mediated indirect interactions; elk; herbivory; landscape of fear; Populus tremuloides; predation risk; predator hunting mode; trait-mediated indirect interactions; Yellowstone National Park ID NATIONAL-PARK; PREDATION RISK; WOLF REINTRODUCTION; NORTHERN RANGE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; FOOD WEBS; ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSE; HABITAT SELECTION; ELK HERD; USA AB Behaviorally mediated trophic cascades (BMTCs) occur when the fear of predation among herbivores enhances plant productivity. Based primarily on systems involving small-bodied predators, BMTCs have been proposed as both strong and ubiquitous in natural ecosystems. Recently, however, synthetic work has suggested that the existence of BMTCs may be mediated by predator hunting mode, whereby passive (sit-and-wait) predators have much stronger effects than active (coursing) predators. One BMTC that has been proposed for a wide-ranging active predator system involves the reintroduction of wolves (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone National Park, USA, which is thought to be leading to a recovery of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) by causing elk (Cervus elaphus) to avoid foraging in risky areas. Although this BMTC has been generally accepted and highly popularized, it has never been adequately tested. We assessed whether wolves influence aspen by obtaining detailed demographic data on aspen stands using tree rings and by monitoring browsing levels in experimental elk exclosures arrayed across a gradient of predation risk for three years. Our study demonstrates that the historical failure of aspen to regenerate varied widely among stands (last recruitment year ranged from 1892 to 1956), and our data do not indicate an abrupt cessation of recruitment. This pattern of recruitment failure appears more consistent with a gradual increase in elk numbers rather than a rapid behavioral shift in elk foraging following wolf extirpation. In addition, our estimates of relative survivorship of young browsable aspen indicate that aspen are not currently recovering in Yellowstone, even in the presence of a large wolf population. Finally, in an experimental test of the BMTC hypothesis we found that the impacts of elk browsing on aspen demography are not diminished in sites where elk are at higher risk of predation by wolves. These findings suggest the need to further evaluate how trophic cascades are mediated by predator-prey life history and ecological context. C1 [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Brodie, Jedediah F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brodie, Jedediah F.] N Amer Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Jules, Erik S.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Kauffman, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mkauffm1@uwyo.edu FU University of Wyoming; National Parks; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Environmental Protection Agency; David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; Humboldt State University (HSU); HSU Foundation FX We thank J. Mao for use of her elk model and A. Rutledge for GIS support. C. Benkman, D. Doak, G. Chong, P. Cross, J. Estes, G. Plumb, R. Renkin, O. Schmitz, D. Smith, M. Turner, P. White, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Logistical support was provided by Yellowstone National Park, in particular, C. Hendrix, R. Renkin, C. Smith, D. Smith, and P. White. We thank A. Carroll for help with the dendrochronology portion of the work. Project funding was provided by the University of Wyoming, the National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship Program, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (to M. J. Kauffman), an Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results Fellowship and the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship (to J. F. Brodie), and Humboldt State University (HSU) and the HSU Foundation (to E. S. Jules). NR 82 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 27 U2 261 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2010 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2742 EP 2755 DI 10.1890/09-1949.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648MO UT WOS:000281698400029 PM 20957967 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Witzel, LD Cook, A AF Stapanian, M. A. Witzel, L. D. Cook, A. TI Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE burbot Lota lota; recruitment; Akaike's Information Criterion; yellow perch Perca flavescens; water temperature ID SEA LAMPREY; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATION; DISCHARGE; MICHIGAN; IMPACTS; TRENDS; FISH; SIZE; FOOD AB World-wide, many burbot Lota lota (L.) populations have been extirpated or are otherwise in need of conservation measures. By contrast, burbot made a dramatic recovery in Lake Erie during 1993-2001 but declined during 2002-2007, due in part to a sharp decrease in recruitment. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to evaluate 129 linear regression models that included all combinations of one to seven ecological indices as predictors of burbot recruitment. Two models were substantially supported by the data: (i) the number of days in which water temperatures were within optimal ranges for burbot spawning and development combined with biomass of yearling and older (YAO) yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill); and (ii) biomass of YAO yellow perch. Warmer winter water temperatures and increases in yellow perch biomass were associated with decreases in burbot recruitment. Continued warm winter water temperatures could result in declines in burbot recruitment, particularly in the southern part of the species' range. C1 [Stapanian, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Witzel, L. D.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Port Dover, ON, Canada. [Cook, A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wheatley, ON, Canada. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00414.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639SQ UT WOS:000280995200002 ER PT J AU Gosch, NJC Pierce, LL Pope, KL AF Gosch, N. J. C. Pierce, L. L. Pope, K. L. TI The effect of predation on stunted and nonstunted white perch SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE predation; stunting; white perch; Morone americana ID YELLOW PERCH; MORONE-AMERICANA; ARCTIC CHARR; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; NEBRASKA; LAKES; FISH; COMPETITION; ECOLOGY AB Predation is widely regarded as a means to prevent or minimise the establishment of a stunted (high density of slow growing individuals) population. We investigated the effect of predation on two different white perch Morone americana populations (stunted and nonstunted) by examining the stomach contents of piscivorous fishes. White perch and gizzard shad dominated piscivore diets in Branched Oak Lake, whereas white perch dominated piscivore diets in Pawnee Lake. White perch consumed in the stunted population (Branched Oak Lake) were larger and older than white perch consumed in the nonstunted population (Pawnee Lake). Many of the consumed white perch in the stunted population were sexually mature and had the opportunity to spawn at least once. In contrast, all of the consumed white perch in the nonstunted population were sexually immature. Predation may have reinforced the stunting of white perch in Branched Oak Lake through removal of the largest, oldest individuals. C1 Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Gosch, NJC (reprint author), Sedalia Off, Missouri Dept Conservat, 2000 S Limit Ave, Sedalia, MO 65301 USA. EM nate.gosch@mdc.mo.gov RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Jeff Stittle, John Walrath, Dustin Martin, Christopher Lewis, and Tony Barada for field and laboratory assistance and the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission for providing white perch catch data. C. Schoenebeck, M. Pegg, and R. Holland provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or the U. S. Government. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00423.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639SQ UT WOS:000280995200009 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Horak, KE Warner, SE Johnston, JJ AF Rattner, Barnett A. Horak, Katherine E. Warner, Sarah E. Johnston, John J. TI Acute toxicity of diphacinone in Northern bobwhite: Effects on survival and blood clotting SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Anticoagulant; Birds; Clotting time; Diphacinone; Fibrinogen; Non-target effects; Prothrombin time; Russell's Viper venom time; Secondary poisoning; Thrombin clotting time ID ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES; PROTHROMBIN TIMES; NEW-YORK; THROMBOPLASTIN; COAGULATION; BRODIFACOUM; CHICKENS; WILDLIFE; WARFARIN; POULTRY AB The anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone was slightly toxic (acute oral LD(50) 2014 mg/kg) to Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in a 14-day acute toxicity trial. Precise and sensitive assays of blood clotting (prothrombin time, Russell's Viper venom time, and thrombin clotting time) were adapted for use in quail, and this combination of assays is recommended to measure the effects of anticoagulant rodenticides. A single oral sublethal dose of diphacinone (434 mg/kg body weight) prolonged clotting time at 48 h post-dose compared to controls. At 783 mg/kg (approximate LD(02)), clotting time was prolonged at both 24 and 48 h post-dose. Prolongation of in vitro clotting time reflects impaired coagulation complex activity, and was detected before overt signs of toxicity were apparent at the greatest dosages (2868 and 3666 mg/kg) in the acute toxicity trial. These clotting time assays and toxicity data will assist in the development of a pharmacodynamic model to predict toxicity, and also facilitate rodenticide hazard and risk assessments in avian species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Warner, Sarah E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Interior, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Horak, Katherine E.; Johnston, John J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Interior, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov FU USDA; USGS; California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee [07-0832] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Marjory B. Brooks (Comparative Coagulation Section, Cornell University) and Dr. John A. Doerr (University of Maryland) for guidance with the development of the clotting time assays, Drs. Thomas M. Primus and Christi Yoder (NWRC, USDA), and Dr. Moira A. McKernan and Rebecca S. Lazarus (PWRC, USGS) for technical assistance with portions of these studies, and Dr. David J. Hoffman (PWRC, USGS) for reviewing a draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the USDA, USGS and a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee (agreement 07-0832). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1164 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.05.021 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 650BL UT WOS:000281822200008 PM 20580432 ER PT J AU Migaszewski, ZM Galuszka, A Dolegowska, S Crock, JG Lamothe, PJ AF Migaszewski, Zdzislaw M. Galuszka, Agnieszka Dolegowska, Sabina Crock, James G. Lamothe, Paul J. TI Mercury in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) BSG and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. from Poland and Alaska: Understanding the origin of pollution sources SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Mosses; Atmospheric deposition; Heavy metal pollution; South-central Poland; Alaska ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SPATIAL TRENDS; DEPOSITION; SOILS; CONTAMINATION; CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; ECOSYSTEMS AB This report shows baseline concentrations of mercury in the moss species Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi from the Kielce area and the remaining Holy Cross Mountains (HCM) region (south-central Poland), and Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve (Alaska) and Denali National Park and Preserve (Alaska). Like mosses from many European countries, Polish mosses were distinctly elevated in Hg, bearing a signature of cross-border atmospheric transport combined with local point sources. In contrast, Alaskan mosses showed lower Hg levels, reflecting mostly the underlying geology. Compared to HCM, Alaskan and Kielce mosses exhibited more uneven spatial distribution patterns of Hg. This variation is linked to topography and location of local point sources (Kielce) and underlying geology (Alaska). Both H. splendens and P. schreberi showed similar bioaccumulative capabilities of Hg in all four study areas. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Migaszewski, Zdzislaw M.; Galuszka, Agnieszka; Dolegowska, Sabina] Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Geochem & Environm Div, Inst Chem, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. [Crock, James G.; Lamothe, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Migaszewski, ZM (reprint author), Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Geochem & Environm Div, Inst Chem, 15G Swietokrzyska St, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. EM zmig@ujk.kielce.pl RI Galuszka, Agnieszka/D-5434-2011; Migaszewski, Zdzislaw/D-5687-2011 FU Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce; US Geological Survey FX We wish to thank Dorota Karmasz of the Central Chemical Laboratory of the Polish Geological Institute in Warsaw for her analytical assistance. We are also grateful to Dr. David L. Fey and Phil L. Hageman of the US Geological Survey for their insightful comments that considerably improved the quality of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce and the US Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Program. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1351 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.06.015 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 650BL UT WOS:000281822200034 PM 20638128 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Hoeting, JA AF McClintock, Brett T. Hoeting, Jennifer A. TI Bayesian analysis of abundance for binomial sighting data with unknown number of marked individuals SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Individual heterogeneity; Mark-resight; Marking and sighting; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Population size ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; POPULATIONS; ANIMALS AB The mark-resight method for estimating the size of a closed population can in many circumstances be a less expensive and less invasive alternative to traditional mark-recapture. Despite its potential advantages, one major drawback of traditional mark-resight methodology is that the number of marked individuals in the population available for resighting needs to be known exactly. In real field studies, this can be quite difficult to accomplish. Here we develop a Bayesian model for estimating abundance when sighting data are acquired from distinct sampling occasions without replacement, but the exact number of marked individuals is unknown. By first augmenting the data with some fixed number of individuals comprising a marked "super population," the problem may then be reformulated in terms of estimating the proportion of this marked super population that was actually available for resighting. This then allows the data for the marked population available for resighting to be modeled as random realizations from a binomial logit-normal distribution. We demonstrate the use of our model to estimate the New Zealand robin (Petroica australis) population size in a region of Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. We then evaluate the performance of the proposed model relative to other estimators via a series of simulation experiments. We generally found our model to have advantages over other models when sample sizes are smaller with individually heterogeneous resighting probabilities. Due to limited budgets and the inherent variability between individuals, this is a common occurrence in mark-resight population studies. WinBUGS and R code to carry out these analyses is available from http://www.stat.colostate.edu/similar to jah/software. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; Hoeting, Jennifer A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM bmcclintock@usgs.gov FU Colorado State University (NSF-IGERT) [DGE-0221595] FX We thank M. A. Pryde and the New Zealand Department of Conservation for use of their data. Funding for BTM was provided by the Colorado State University Program for Interdisciplinary Mathematics, Ecology, and Statistics (PRIMES, NSF-IGERT Grant No. DGE-0221595). NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 BP 317 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s10651-009-0109-0 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 644LM UT WOS:000281378900004 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, CM Tyler, TJ VanderKooi, SP AF Ellsworth, Craig M. Tyler, Torrey J. VanderKooi, Scott P. TI Using spatial, seasonal, and diel drift patterns of larval Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) to help identify a site for a water withdrawal structure on the Williamson River, Oregon SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Larval drift; Lakesucker; Endangered species; Migration; Entrainment; Dam removal ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; MIGRATION; FISHES AB A small irrigation diversion dam near Chiloquin, Oregon, was removed and replaced with a pump station to improve fish passage for Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) entering the Sprague River on their spawning migrations. During the developmental phase of the pump station, a need was identified to better understand the larval drift characteristics of these endangered catostomids in order to reduce entrainment into the irrigation system. The spatial, seasonal, and diel distribution of drifting larvae was measured during the 2004 spawning season at two proposed sites on the Williamson River where the pump station could be located. Larval drift for both species coincided with the irrigation season making them subject to entrainment into the irrigation system. Drift occurred almost exclusively at night with larvae entering the drift at sunset and exiting the drift at sunrise. Nighttime larval densities were concentrated near the surface and at midchannel at both sites. Densities were generally greater on the side of mid-channel with greater flow. During early morning sampling we detected a general shift in larval drift from surface to subsurface drift. We also observed an increase in larval densities towards the shore opposite from the proposed pump station at the upper site whereas larval densities remained high at midchannel at the lower site. During daytime sampling, the few larvae that were collected were distributed throughout the water column at both pump sites. This study found that larvae drifting during all time periods were generally distributed further across the cross section, deeper in the water column, and closer to where the proposed water withdrawal structure would be built at the downstream site when compared to the upstream site. Recommendations were provided to locate the withdrawal facility at the upstream site and operate it in a manner such that larval entrainment would likely be minimized. C1 [Ellsworth, Craig M.; Tyler, Torrey J.; VanderKooi, Scott P.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. RP Ellsworth, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, 2795 Anderson Ave,Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. EM cellsworth@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey Klamath Falls Field Station and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Basin Area Office for their assistance in collecting and processing field data and for reviewing and editing this manuscript. We also thank Oregon State University staff for processing laboratory data. We thank Rip Shively and David Hewitt of the U.S. Geological Survey for their help with study design and data analysis. This project was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Fish samples were obtained under the collection permit No. TE007907-5 issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and under the collection permit No. OR2004-1793 issued by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD SEP PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9688-8 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 636YL UT WOS:000280781200006 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA Loague, K Borja, RI AF Ebel, Brian A. Loague, Keith Borja, Ronaldo I. TI The impacts of hysteresis on variably saturated hydrologic response and slope failure SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hysteresis; InHM; Landslide; Unsaturated; Modeling; Hillslope ID OREGON COAST RANGE; UNCHANNELED CATCHMENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED SOILS; RUNOFF GENERATION; R-5 CATCHMENT; RESIDUAL SOIL; DEBRIS-FLOW; COOS-BAY AB This investigation employs 3D, variably saturated subsurface flow simulation to examine hysteretic effects upon the hydrologic response used to drive unsaturated slope stability assessments at the Coos Bay 1 (CB1) experimental catchment in the Oregon Coast Range, USA. Slope stability is evaluated using the relatively simple infinite slope model for unsaturated soils driven by simulated pore-water pressures for an intense storm that triggered a slope failure at CB1 on 18 November 1996. Simulations employing both hysteretic and non-hysteretic soil-water retention curves indicate that using either the drying soil-water retention curve or an intermediate soil-water retention curve that attempts to average the wetting and drying retention curves underestimates the near-surface hydrologic response and subsequently the potential for slope failure. If hysteresis cannot be considered in the hydrologic simulation, the wetting soil-water retention curve, which is seldom measured, should be used for more physically based slope stability assessment. Without considering hysteresis or using the wetting soil-water retention curve, the potential for landsliding in unsaturated materials may be underestimated and a slope failure could occur when simulations predict stability. C1 [Ebel, Brian A.; Loague, Keith] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Borja, Ronaldo I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bebel@usgs.gov RI Ebel, Brian/A-2483-2011; OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-6969-8967; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0409133] FX The study reported here was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0409133. This effort would not have been possible without the site characterization and hydrologic observations completed by Bill Dietrich, Dave Montgomery, Ray Torres, Suzanne Anderson, Kevin Schmidt, and John Heffner. NR 86 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1225 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0445-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 648CQ UT WOS:000281668400012 ER PT J AU Justus, B AF Justus, Billy TI Water quality of least-impaired lakes in eastern and southern Arkansas SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Least-impaired; Reference; Lake; Reservoir; Oxbow; Nutrients AB A three-phased study identified one least-impaired (reference) lake for each of four Arkansas lake classifications: three classifications in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) ecoregion and a fourth classification in the South Central Plains (SCP) ecoregion. Water quality at three of the least-impaired lakes generally was comparable and also was comparable to water quality from Kansas and Missouri reference lakes and Texas least-impaired lakes. Water quality of one least-impaired lake in the MAP ecoregion was not as good as water quality in other least-impaired lakes in Arkansas or in the three other states: a probable consequence of all lakes in that classification having a designated use as a source of irrigation water. Chemical and physical conditions for all four lake classifications were at times naturally harsh as limnological characteristics changed temporally. As a consequence of allochthonous organic material, oxbow lakes isolated within watersheds comprised of swamps were susceptible to low dissolved oxygen concentrations to the extent that conditions would be limiting to some aquatic biota. Also, pH in lakes in the SCP ecoregion was < 6.0, a level exceeding current Arkansas water-quality standards but typical of black water systems. Water quality of the deepest lakes exceeded that of shallow lakes. N/P ratios and trophic state indices may be less effective for assessing water quality for shallow lakes (< 2 m) than for deep lakes because there is an increased exposure of sediment (and associated phosphorus) to disturbance and light in the former. C1 USGS Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. RP Justus, B (reprint author), USGS Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, 401 Hardin Rd, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM bjustus@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 363 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-1120-5 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635FH UT WOS:000280640500034 PM 19705289 ER PT J AU Frankforter, JD Weyers, HS Bales, JD Moran, PW Calhoun, DL AF Frankforter, Jill D. Weyers, Holly S. Bales, Jerad D. Moran, Patrick W. Calhoun, Daniel L. TI The relative influence of nutrients and habitat on stream metabolism in agricultural streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Primary production; Respiration; Nutrient enrichment; United States; Streams; Agricultural ID ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIVER CONTINUUM; BENTHIC ALGAE; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; CHLOROPHYLL; DISTURBANCE; PHOSPHORUS; PERIPHYTON AB Stream metabolism was measured in 33 streams across a gradient of nutrient concentrations in four agricultural areas of the USA to determine the relative influence of nutrient concentrations and habitat on primary production (GPP) and respiration (CR-24). In conjunction with the stream metabolism estimates, water quality and algal biomass samples were collected, as was an assessment of habitat in the sampling reach. When data for all study areas were combined, there were no statistically significant relations between gross primary production or community respiration and any of the independent variables. However, significant regression models were developed for three study areas for GPP (r (2) = 0.79-0.91) and CR-24 (r (2) = 0.76-0.77). Various forms of nutrients (total phosphorus and area-weighted total nitrogen loading) were significant for predicting GPP in two study areas, with habitat variables important in seven significant models. Important physical variables included light availability, precipitation, basin area, and in-stream habitat cover. Both benthic and seston chlorophyll were not found to be important explanatory variables in any of the models; however, benthic ash-free dry weight was important in two models for GPP. C1 [Frankforter, Jill D.] US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Weyers, Holly S.] US Geol Survey, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Bales, Jerad D.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Moran, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Calhoun, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Frankforter, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5231 S 19th St, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM jdfrankf@usgs.gov; hsweyers@usgs.gov; jdbales@usgs.gov; pwmoran@usgs.gov; dcalhoun@usgs.gov OI Calhoun, Daniel/0000-0003-2371-6936 NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 461 EP 479 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-1127-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635FH UT WOS:000280640500041 PM 19685271 ER PT J AU Watanabe, N Bergamaschi, BA Loftin, KA Meyer, MT Harter, T AF Watanabe, Naoko Bergamaschi, Brian A. Loftin, Keith A. Meyer, Michael T. Harter, Thomas TI Use and Environmental Occurrence of Antibiotics in Freestall Dairy Farms with Manured Forage Fields SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; WASTE-WATER; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; FEEDING OPERATIONS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; LIQUID MANURE; SOIL SYSTEMS; TETRACYCLINE; DEGRADATION; SORPTION AB Environmental releases of antibiotics from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are of increasing regulatory concern. This study investigates the use and occurrence of antibiotics in dairy CAFOs and their potential transport into first-encountered groundwater. On two dairies we conducted four seasonal sampling campaigns, each across 13 animal production and waste management systems and associated environmental pathways: application to animals, excretion to surfaces, manure collection systems, soils, and shallow groundwater. Concentrations of antibiotics were determined using on line solid phase extraction (OLSPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) for water samples, and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) LC/MS/MS with ESI for solid samples. A variety of antibiotics were applied at both farms leading to antibiotics excretion of several hundred grams per farm per day. Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and their epimers/isomers, and lincomycin were most frequently detected. Yet, despite decades of use, antibiotic occurrence appeared constrained to within farm boundaries. The most frequent antibiotic detections were associated with lagoons, hospital pens, and calf hutches. When detected below ground, tetracyclines were mainly found in soils, whereas sulfonamides were found in shallow groundwater reflecting key differences in their physicochemical properties. In manure lagoons, 10 compounds were detected including tetracyclines and trimethoprim. Of these 10, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and lincomycin were found in shallow groundwater directly downgradient from the lagoons. Antibiotics were sporadically detected in field surface samples on fields with manure applications, but not in underlying sandy soils. Sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethazine were detected in shallow groundwater near field flood irrigation gates, but at highly attenuated levels. C1 [Watanabe, Naoko; Harter, Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian A.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Calif Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Loftin, Keith A.; Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Harter, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM thharter@ucdavis.edu RI Watanabe, Naoko/D-6365-2012; Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012; OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU Merced County Department of Environmental Health and administered by the California State Water Resources Control Board [03-244-555-01]; USGS Cooperative Water Program; California Department of Food and Agriculture [07-0893] FX Funding for this research was provided by CALFED Bay-Delta Authority Drinking Water Program in a grant to the Merced County Department of Environmental Health and administered by the California State Water Resources Control Board (03-244-555-01); by the USGS Cooperative Water Program; and by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (07-0893). The authors are deeply grateful to Dana Erickson for initiating the proposal and Jeff Palsgaard at MCDEH for his assistance. NR 54 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 13 U2 114 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 17 BP 6591 EP 6600 DI 10.1021/es100834s PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642OP UT WOS:000281225800011 PM 20698525 ER PT J AU Ge, ZF Nevers, MB Schwab, DJ Whitman, RL AF Ge, Zhongfu Nevers, Meredith B. Schwab, David J. Whitman, Richard L. TI Coastal Loading and Transport of Escherichia coli at an Embayed Beach in Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL BACTERIA; WATER; COLI; MODEL; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; SWASH; SAND AB A Chicago beach in southwest Lake Michigan was revisited to determine the influence of nearshore hydrodynamic effects on the variability of Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration in both knee-deep and offshore waters. Explanatory variables that could be used for identifying potential bacteria loading mechanisms, such as bed shear stress due to a combined wave-current boundary layer and wave runup on the beach surface, were derived from an existing wave and current database. The derived hydrodynamic variables, along with the actual observed E. coli concentrations in the submerged and foreshore sands, were expected to reveal bacteria loading through nearshore sediment resuspension and swash on the beach surface, respectively. Based on the observation that onshore waves tend to result in a more active hydrodynamic system at this embayed beach, multiple linear regression analysis of onshore-wave cases further indicated the significance of sediment resuspension and the interaction of swash with gull-droppings in explaining the variability of E. coli concentration in the knee-deep water. For cases with longshore currents, numerical simulations using the Princeton Ocean Model revealed current circulation patterns inside the embayment, which can effectively entrain bacteria from the swash zone into the central area of the embayed beach water and eventually release them out of the embayment The embayed circulation patterns are consistent with the statistical results that identified that 1) the submerged sediment was an additional net source of E. coli to the offshore water and 21 variability of E. coli concentration in the knee-deep water contributed adversely to that in the offshore water for longshore-current cases. The embayed beach setting and the statistical and numerical methods used in the present study have wide applicability for analyzing recreational water quality at similar marine and freshwater sites. C1 [Ge, Zhongfu; Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Schwab, David J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Ge, ZF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM zge@usgs.gov RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU USGS; NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative FX The authors would like to thank Gregory Lang of the NOAA and Steve Corsi of the USGS for their help with data. Helpful discussions with Rachael Jones and Pramod Thupaki are also appreciated. This article was funded by USGS Great Lakes Ocean Research Priorities Plan (ORPP) and NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative. This article is Contribution 1601 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and Contribution No. 1569 of the NOAA GLERL. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 17 BP 6731 EP 6737 DI 10.1021/es100797r PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642OP UT WOS:000281225800032 PM 20687542 ER PT J AU Bykova, L Archer-Hartmann, SA Holland, LA Iwanowicz, LR Blazer, VS AF Bykova, Liliya Archer-Hartmann, Stephanie A. Holland, Lisa A. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Blazer, Vicki S. TI STEROID DETERMINATION IN FISH PLASMA USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Steroidal compounds; pH-Mediated stacking; Capillary electrophoresis; Perca flavescens; Micelle electrokinetic chromatography ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; YELLOW PERCH; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED OVULATION; HORMONES; CHEMICALS; STACKING; WILDLIFE AB A capillary separation method that incorporates pH-mediated stacking is employed for the simultaneous determination of circulating steroid hormones in plasma from Perca flavescens (yellow perch) collected from natural aquatic environments. The method can be applied to separate eight steroid standards: progesterone, 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, estrone, 11-ketotestosterone, ethynyl estradiol, and 17 beta-estradiol. Based on screening of plasma, the performance of the analytical method was determined for 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17 beta-estradiol. The within-day reproducibility in migration time for these four steroids in aqueous samples was <= 2%. Steroid quantification was accomplished using a calibration curve obtained with external standards. Plasma samples from fish collected from the Choptank and Severn Rivers, Maryland, USA, stored for up to one year were extracted with ethyl acetate and then further processed with anion exchange and hydrophobic solid phase extraction cartridges. The recovery of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol from yellow perch plasma was 84 and 85%, respectively. Endogenous levels of testosterone ranged from 0.9 to 44 ng/ml, and when detected 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one ranged from 5 to 34 ng/ml. The reported values for testosterone correlated well with the immunoassay technique. Endogenous concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol were <= 1.7 ng/ml. 11-Ketotestosterone was not quantified because of a suspected interferant. Higher levels of 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one were found in male and female fish in which 17 beta-estradiol was not detected. Monitoring multiple steroids can provide insight into hormonal fluctuations in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1950-1956. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Bykova, Liliya; Archer-Hartmann, Stephanie A.; Holland, Lisa A.] W Virginia Univ, C Eugene Bennett Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Holland, LA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, C Eugene Bennett Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM lisa.holland@mail.wvu.edu RI Holland, Lisa/C-2208-2011; OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178; Holland, Lisa/0000-0002-7534-6810 FU West Virginia University Senate; West Virginia Graduate Student Fellowships in Science Technology Engineering and Math (STEM); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Maryland Department of Natural Resources; Mirant Corporation; U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystem and Fisheries FX This material is based on work generously supported by the West Virginia University Senate Research Grant Program. This work was supported in part by a grant from the West Virginia Graduate Student Fellowships in Science Technology Engineering and Math (STEM) program to S.A. Archer-Hartmann. Plasma samples were collected as part of a study funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, the Mirant Corporation, and the U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystem and Fisheries programs. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purpose only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1950 EP 1956 DI 10.1002/etc.252 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700009 PM 20821652 ER PT J AU Shoults-Wilson, WA Unrine, JM Rickard, J Black, MC AF Shoults-Wilson, W. Aaron Unrine, Jason M. Rickard, James Black, Marsha C. TI COMPARISON OF METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN CORBICULA FLUMINEA AND ELLIPTIO HOPETONENSIS IN THE ALTAMAHA RIVER SYSTEM, GEORGIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Corbicula fluminea; Elliptio hopetonensis; Trace metals; Biomonitor; Cross-species comparison ID FRESH-WATER BIVALVE; ASIATIC CLAM; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; METALLOTHIONEIN RESPONSE; CONTAMINATION GRADIENT; FIELD TRANSPLANTATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; BIOACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS AB The present study evaluated the use of the invasive clam Corbicula fluminea as a surrogate for metal accumulation in native mussels. The tissue concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed in Corbicula and a native Unionid mussel species (Elliptio hopetonensis) collected from 13 sites in the Altamaha River system (GA, USA). Corbicula accumulated greater concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Ni when compared to E. hopetonensis at the same sites. The reverse was true for the metals Mn and Zn, with E. hopetonensis accumulating greater concentrations than Corbicula. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb were found to be significantly (alpha = 0.05) positively correlated between the two species. Greater water alkalinity and hardness tended to negatively correlate with metal accumulation, while organism size tended to correlate positively with tissue concentrations. Tissue Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations demonstrated a correlation between bivalve tissues and concentrations of those metals in fine sediments. These correlations were significant (alpha = 0.05) for Cd and Cu concentrations in Corbicula and Pb concentrations in E. hopetonensis. The present findings support the hypothesis that bioaccumulation of some metals by Corbicula can be used to approximate levels accumulated by co-occurring native mussel species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2026-2033. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Shoults-Wilson, W. Aaron; Black, Marsha C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shoults-Wilson, W. Aaron; Unrine, Jason M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Rickard, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Georgia Ecol Serv Field Off, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Shoults-Wilson, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM aaron.sw@uky.edu RI Black, Marsha /B-6449-2013; OI Unrine, Jason/0000-0003-3012-5261 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia Graduate School; University of Georgia FX The authors would like to acknowledge J. Meador, B. Fauver, M. Buzbee, K. Hastie, and J. Turner for their help in field sampling during the course of the present study. We also like to thank D. Addis and G. Peltier for help in processing samples. The present study was conducted with financial support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as well as both the University of Georgia Graduate School and the University of Georgia Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 31 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2026 EP 2033 DI 10.1002/etc.235 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700017 PM 20821660 ER PT J AU Wang, N Ingersoll, CG Ivey, CD Hardesty, DK May, TW Augspurger, T Roberts, AD van Genderen, E Barnhart, MC AF Wang, Ning Ingersoll, Christopher G. Ivey, Christopher D. Hardesty, Douglas K. May, Thomas W. Augspurger, Tom Roberts, Andy D. van Genderen, Eric Barnhart, M. Chris TI SENSITIVITY OF EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE) TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LEAD, CADMIUM, AND ZINC IN WATER SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Freshwater mussels; Early life stages; Metal toxicity; Water quality criteria ID QUALITY GUIDANCE; AMMONIA; COPPER; CONTAMINANTS; EXPOSURE; METALS AB Toxicity of lead, cadmium, or zinc to early life stages of freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea; Neosho mucket, L. rafinesqueana) was evaluated in 48-h exposures with mussel larvae (glochidia), in 96-h exposures with newly transformed (5-d-old) and two- or six-month-old juvenile mussels, or in 28-d exposures with two- or four-month-old mussels in reconstituted soft water. The 24-h median effect concentrations (EC50s) for fatmucket glochidia (>299 mu g Pb/L, >227 mu g Cd/L, 2,685 mu g Zn/L) and 96-h EC50s for two- or six-month-old fatmucket (>426 mu g Pb/L, 199 p,g Cd/L, 1,700 mu g Zn/L) were much higher than 96-h EC50s for newly transformed faunucket (142 and 298 mu g Pb/L, 16 mu g Cd/L, 151 and 175 mu g Zn/L) and Neosho mucket (188 mu g Pb/L, 20 mu g CdL, 145 mu g Zn/L). Chronic values for fatmucket were 10 mu g Pb/L, 6.0 mu g Cd/L, and 63 and 68 mu g Zn/L. When mussel data from the present study and the literature were included in updated databases for deriving U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality criteria, mussel genus mean acute values were in the lower percentiles of the sensitivity distribution of all freshwater species for Pb (the 26th percentile), Cd (the 15th to 29th percentile), or Zn (the 12th to 21st percentile). The mussel (Lampsilis) genus mean chronic value was the lowest value ever reported for Pb (the 9th percentile) but was near the middle of the sensitivity distribution for Cd (the 61st percentile) or Zn (the 44th percentile). These results indicate that mussels wire relatively sensitive to the acute toxicity of these three metals and to the chronic toxicity of Pb, but were moderately sensitive to the chronic toxicity of Cd or Zn compared to other freshwater species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2053-2063. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Wang, Ning; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Ivey, Christopher D.; Hardesty, Douglas K.; May, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Roberts, Andy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [van Genderen, Eric] Int Zinc Assoc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Barnhart, M. Chris] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2053 EP 2063 DI 10.1002/etc.250 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700020 PM 20821663 ER PT J AU Miao, JJ Barnhart, C Brunson, EL Hardesty, DK Ingersoll, CG Wang, N AF Miao, Jingjing Barnhart, Christopher Brunson, Eric L. Hardesty, Douglas K. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Wang, Ning TI AN EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE ON THE RESPONSE OF JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (FATMUCKET, LAMPSILIS SILIQUOIDEA) IN ACUTE WATER EXPOSURES TO AMMONIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Juvenile mussels; Ammonia; Toxicity; Substrate; Sediment ID ACUTE TOXICITY; UNIONIDAE; SEDIMENT; COPPER; PH AB Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity to three-month-old juvenile mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was evaluated in four treatments (water-only, water-only with feeding, water and soil, and water and sand) using an exposure unit designed to maintain consistent pH and ammonia concentrations in overlying water and in pore water surrounding the substrates. Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for total ammonia nitrogen in the four treatments ranged from 5.6 to 7.7 mg/L and median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 7.0 to 11 mg/L at a mean pH of 8.4. Similar EC50s or LC50s with overlapping 95% confidence intervals among treatments indicated no influence of substrate on the response of mussels in acute exposures to ammonia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2112-2116. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Miao, Jingjing; Brunson, Eric L.; Hardesty, Douglas K.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Miao, Jingjing] Ocean Univ China, Fishery Coll, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Barnhart, Christopher] SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2112 EP 2116 DI 10.1002/etc.259 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 642HX UT WOS:000281200700027 PM 20821670 ER PT J AU Orth, RJ Williams, MR Marion, SR Wilcox, DJ Carruthers, TJB Moore, KA Kemp, WM Dennison, WC Rybicki, N Bergstrom, P Batiuk, RA AF Orth, Robert J. Williams, Michael R. Marion, Scott R. Wilcox, David J. Carruthers, Tim J. B. Moore, Kenneth A. Kemp, W. Michael Dennison, William C. Rybicki, Nancy Bergstrom, Peter Batiuk, Richard A. TI Long-Term Trends in Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay, USA, Related to Water Quality SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Submersed aquatic vegetation; Salinity community-types; Chesapeake Bay; Abundance; Nutrients; Nitrogen; Water quality ID TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER; ZOSTERA-MARINA L.; SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS; LIGHT REQUIREMENTS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; COCKBURN SOUND AB Chesapeake Bay supports a diverse assemblage of marine and freshwater species of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) whose broad distributions are generally constrained by salinity. An annual aerial SAV monitoring program and a bi-monthly to monthly water quality monitoring program have been conducted throughout Chesapeake Bay since 1984. We performed an analysis of SAV abundance and up to 22 environmental variables potentially influencing SAV growth and abundance (1984-2006). Historically, SAV abundance has changed dramatically in Chesapeake Bay, and since 1984, when SAV abundance was at historic low levels, SAV has exhibited complex changes including long-term (decadal) increases and decreases, as well as some large, single-year changes. Chesapeake Bay SAV was grouped into three broad-scale community-types based on salinity regime, each with their own distinct group of species, and detailed analyses were conducted on these three community-types as well as on seven distinct case-study areas spanning the three salinity regimes. Different trends in SAV abundance were evident in the different salinity regimes. SAV abundance has (a) continually increased in the low-salinity region; (b) increased initially in the medium-salinity region, followed by fluctuating abundances; and (c) increased initially in the high-salinity region, followed by a subsequent decline. In all areas, consistent negative correlations between measures of SAV abundance and nitrogen loads or concentrations suggest that meadows are responsive to changes in inputs of nitrogen. For smaller case-study areas, different trends in SAV abundance were also noted including correlations to water clarity in high-salinity case-study areas, but nitrogen was highly correlated in all areas. Current maximum SAV coverage for almost all areas remain below restoration targets, indicating that SAV abundance and associated ecosystem services are currently limited by continued poor water quality, and specifically high nutrient concentrations, within Chesapeake Bay. The nutrient reductions noted in some tributaries, which were highly correlated to increases in SAV abundance, suggest management activities have already contributed to SAV increases in some areas, but the strong negative correlation throughout the Chesapeake Bay between nitrogen and SAV abundance also suggests that further nutrient reductions will be necessary for SAV to attain or exceed restoration targets throughout the bay. C1 [Orth, Robert J.; Marion, Scott R.; Wilcox, David J.; Moore, Kenneth A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Williams, Michael R.; Carruthers, Tim J. B.; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Integrat Applicat Network, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Carruthers, Tim J. B.; Kemp, W. Michael; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Rybicki, Nancy] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bergstrom, Peter] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Batiuk, Richard A.] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Orth, RJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Rt 1208,Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jjorth@vims.edu RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013 FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972; Allied-Signal Foundation; NOAA; Army Corps of Engineers ERDC FX Funding for much of the monitoring were from the following sources: US Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program Office; the Coastal Programs of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and Maryland Department of Natural Resources funded by Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Fish and Wildlife Service; School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; private grants from the Allied-Signal Foundation, Norfolk-Southern, and the Keith Campbell Foundation. WMK acknowledges funding from NOAA Maryland Sea Grant and the Army Corps of Engineers ERDC. We thank Kris Beckert for assistance with figures. We appreciate the thoughtful comments of the anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Contribution no. 3091 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; 4412 from University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 101 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1144 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9311-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 658SR UT WOS:000282510200008 ER PT J AU Petrin, Z Schilling, EG Loftin, CS Johansson, F AF Petrin, Zlatko Schilling, Emily G. Loftin, Cynthia S. Johansson, Frank TI Predators shape distribution and promote diversification of morphological defenses in Leucorrhinia, Odonata SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adaptive phenotypic plasticity; Aquatic insects; Fish predation; Odonates; Polyphenism; Permutation test ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; GENETIC EVOLUTION; DRAGONFLY LARVAE; REACTION NORMS; SPINE LENGTH; FISH; DIVERGENCE; MANIPULATION AB Predators strongly influence species assemblages and shape morphological defenses of prey. Interestingly, adaptations that constitute effective defenses against one type of predator may render the prey susceptible to other types of predators. Hence, prey may evolve different strategies to escape predation, which may facilitate adaptive radiation of prey organisms. Larvae of different species in the dragonfly genus Leucorrhinia have various morphological defenses. We studied the distribution of these larvae in relation to the presence of predatory fish. In addition, we examined the variation in morphological defenses within species with respect to the occurrence of fish. We found that well-defended species, those with more and longer spines, were more closely associated with habitats inhabited by predatory fish and that species with weakly developed morphological defenses were more abundant in habitats without fish. The species predominantly connected to lakes with or without fish, respectively, were not restricted to a single clade in the phylogeny of the genus. Our data is suggestive of phenotypic plasticity in morphological defense in three of the studied species since these species showed longer spines in lakes with fish. We suggest that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may have broadened the range of habitats accessible to Leucorrhinia. It may have facilitated colonization of new habitats with different types of predators, and ultimately, speciation through adaptive radiation. C1 [Petrin, Zlatko] NINA, Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Petrin, Zlatko; Johansson, Frank] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Schilling, Emily G.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Petrin, Z (reprint author), NINA, Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. EM zlatko.petrin@nina.no FU Swedish Research Council; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; National Science Foundation; USGS-Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine FX We thank Michael Andersson, Ida Flenner, Karin Olne, Szymon Sniegula,and Laura Toivanen for help in the field and laboratory. We are grateful to Goran Englund for discussing statistical aspects, Folmer Bokma for helping plot the phylogenetic tree, and Frank Drummond, Kevin Simon, Robby Stoks, Sara Helms Cahan, and the anonymous referees for insightful comments on the manuscript. Maxim Teichert kindly helped improving the language. This study was funded by the Swedish Research Council (to FJ), the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, the National Science Foundation, the USGS-Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and University of Maine. Mention of trademarks or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1003 EP 1016 DI 10.1007/s10682-010-9361-x PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 640SJ UT WOS:000281072300005 ER PT J AU Satterthwaite, WH Kitaysky, AS Hatch, SA Piatt, JF Mangel, M AF Satterthwaite, William H. Kitaysky, Alexander S. Hatch, Scott A. Piatt, John F. Mangel, Marc TI Unifying quantitative life-history theory and field endocrinology to assess prudent parenthood in a long-lived seabird SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE black-legged kittiwake; CORT-fitness hypothesis; corticosterone; endocrinology; life history; prudent parent ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; STRESS-RESPONSE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; SURVIVAL; AGE; BIRD; CORTICOSTERONE; EXPERIENCE; SENESCENCE AB Question: Can field measurements of stress hormones help us to assess the prudent parent hypothesis in a long-lived seabird? Organism: Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla. Location: Duck and Gull Islands, Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA. Methods: We examined the statistical relationship between the stress hormone corticosterone and mortality in black-legged kittiwakes. We built a demographic model of the kittiwake life cycle to determine whether the mortality rates associated with persisting in a breeding attempt despite high corticosterone caused the birds to sacrifice more lifetime reproductive output than they gain from one year's breeding. Results: The probability of apparent mortality increased with corticosterone, suggesting some birds incurred increased mortality risk for the sake of breeding. For Duck Island (low reproductive success), it appears birds sacrificed more lifetime reproductive success than a prudent parent would. On Gull Island, it appears most but possibly not all birds were behaving in ways consistent with theory, although definitive statements require larger samples of highly stressed birds. C1 [Satterthwaite, William H.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Satterthwaite, William H.] MRAG Amer, Capitola, CA USA. [Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Hatch, Scott A.; Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM satterth@darwin.ucsc.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [320, B74, B67, B77]; USGS Alaska Science Center FX This work was supported by funding from the North Pacific Research Board (Project #320 for fieldwork, BEST-BSIERP projects B74, B67, and B77 for 'modelling and manuscript preparation) and the USGS Alaska Science Center. We thank S. Carlson, H. Satterthwaite, A. Shelton, the Mangel-Wilmers-Kilpatrick lab group, and the BSIERP patch dynamics team for helpful comments. Mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This study was conducted under the University of Washington and the University of Alaska IACUC protocols and all necessary government and state permits. This paper is BEST-BSIERP Publication #2 and NPR B Publication #282. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 779 EP 792 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 741BR UT WOS:000288838600007 ER PT J AU Salem, A Williams, S Samson, E Fairhead, D Ravat, D Blakely, RJ AF Salem, Ahmed Williams, Simon Samson, Esuene Fairhead, Derek Ravat, Dhananjay Blakely, Richard J. TI Sedimentary basins reconnaissance using the magnetic Tilt-Depth method SO EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Australia; basement; USA ID GRID EULER DECONVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS AB We compute the depth to the top of magnetic basement using the Tilt-Depth method from the best available magnetic anomaly grids covering the continental USA and Australia. For the USA, the Tilt-Depth estimates were compared with sediment thicknesses based on drilling data and show a correlation of 0.86 between the datasets. If random data were used then the correlation value goes to virtually zero. There is little to no lateral offset of the depth of basinal features although there is a tendency for the Tilt-Depth results to be slightly shallower than the drill depths. We also applied the Tilt-Depth method to a local-scale, relatively high-resolution aeromagnetic survey over the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State. The Tilt-Depth method successfully identified a variety of important tectonic elements known from geological mapping. Of particular interest, the Tilt-Depth method illuminated deep (3 km) contacts within the non-magnetic sedimentary core of the Olympic Mountains, where magnetic anomalies are subdued and low in amplitude. For Australia, the Tilt-Depth estimates also give a good correlation with known areas of shallow basement and sedimentary basins. Our estimates of basement depth are not restricted to regional analysis but work equally well at the micro scale (basin scale) with depth estimates agreeing well with drill hole and seismic data. We focus on the eastern Officer Basin as an example of basin scale studies and find a good level of agreement between previously-derived basin models. However, our study potentially reveals depocentres not previously mapped due to the sparse distribution of well data. This example thus shows the potential additional advantage of the method in geological interpretation. The success of this study suggests that the Tilt-Depth method is useful in estimating the depth to crystalline basement when appropriate quality aeromagnetic anomaly data are used (i.e. line spacing on the order of or less than the expected depth to basement). The method is especially valuable as a reconnaissance tool in regions where drillhole or seismic information are either scarce, lacking, or ambiguous. C1 [Salem, Ahmed; Williams, Simon; Fairhead, Derek] GETECH, Leeds LS8 2LJ, W Yorkshire, England. [Salem, Ahmed; Williams, Simon; Samson, Esuene; Fairhead, Derek] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Ravat, Dhananjay] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Salem, A (reprint author), GETECH, Kitson House,Elmete Hall,Elmete Lane, Leeds LS8 2LJ, W Yorkshire, England. EM Ahmed.Salem@getech.com OI Ravat, Dhananjay/0000-0003-1962-4422 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 0812-3985 EI 1834-7533 J9 EXPLOR GEOPHYS JI Explor. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1071/EG10007 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649TI UT WOS:000281796400002 ER PT J AU Wetterer, JK Lombard, CD AF Wetterer, James K. Lombard, Claudia D. TI FIRE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) ALONG AN IMPORTANT SEA TURTLE NESTING BEACH ON ST. CROIX, USVI SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA C1 [Wetterer, James K.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Wilkes Honors Coll, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Lombard, Claudia D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Christiansted, VI 00820 USA. RP Wetterer, JK (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Wilkes Honors Coll, 5353 Parkside Dr, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 93 IS 3 BP 449 EP 450 DI 10.1653/024.093.0321 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647IS UT WOS:000281612500020 ER PT J AU Yates, BC Espinoza, EO Baker, BW AF Yates, Bonnie C. Espinoza, Edgard O. Baker, Barry W. TI Forensic species identification of elephant (Elephantidae) and giraffe (Giraffidae) tail hair using light microscopy SO FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Loxodonta africana; Elephas maximus; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hair identification; Forensic mammalogy; Wildlife trade; Light microscopy ID MAMMOTH; MAXIMUS AB Here we present methods for distinguishing tail hairs of African elephants (Loxodonta africana), Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), and giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) from forensic contexts. Such hairs are commonly used to manufacture jewelry artifacts that are often sold illegally in the international wildlife trade. Tail hairs from these three species are easily confused macroscopically, and morphological methods for distinguishing African and Asian tail hairs have not been published. We used cross section analysis and light microscopy to analyze the tail hair morphology of 18 individual African elephants, 18 Asian elephants, and 40 giraffes. We found that cross-sectional shape, pigment placement, and pigment density are useful morphological features for distinguishing the three species. These observations provide wildlife forensic scientists with an important analytical tool for enforcing legislation and international treaties regulating the trade in elephant parts. C1 [Yates, Bonnie C.; Espinoza, Edgard O.; Baker, Barry W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, 1490 E Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM barry_baker@fws.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1547-769X J9 FORENSIC SCI MED PAT JI Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s12024-010-9169-6 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 642SY UT WOS:000281239100004 PM 20549391 ER PT J AU Bernot, MJ Sobota, DJ Hall, RO Mulholland, PJ Dodds, WK Webster, JR Tank, JL Ashkenas, LR Cooper, LW Dahm, CN Gregory, SV Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Johnson, SL Mcdowell, WH Meyer, JL Peterson, B Poole, GC Valett, HM Arango, C Beaulieu, JJ Burgin, AJ Crenshaw, C Helton, AM Johnson, L Merriam, J Niederlehner, BR O'Brien, JM Potter, JD Sheibley, RW Thomas, SM Wilson, K AF Bernot, Melody J. Sobota, Daniel J. Hall, Robert O., Jr. Mulholland, Patrick J. Dodds, Walter K. Webster, Jackson R. Tank, Jennifer L. Ashkenas, Linda R. Cooper, Lee W. Dahm, Clifford N. Gregory, Stanley V. Grimm, Nancy B. Hamilton, Stephen K. Johnson, Sherri L. Mcdowell, William H. Meyer, Judith L. Peterson, Bruce Poole, Geoffrey C. Valett, H. Maurice Arango, Clay Beaulieu, Jake J. Burgin, Amy J. Crenshaw, Chelsea Helton, Ashley M. Johnson, Laura Merriam, Jeff Niederlehner, B. R. O'Brien, Jonathan M. Potter, Jody D. Sheibley, Richard W. Thomas, Suzanne M. Wilson, Kym TI Inter-regional comparison of land-use effects on stream metabolism SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem respiration; land use; metabolism; primary production; stream ID MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; BIOFILM METABOLISM; NITRATE REMOVAL; TROPHIC STATE; RESPIRATION; PATTERNS; RIVER; FLOW; DENITRIFICATION AB P>1. Rates of whole-system metabolism (production and respiration) are fundamental indicators of ecosystem structure and function. Although first-order, proximal controls are well understood, assessments of the interactions between proximal controls and distal controls, such as land use and geographic region, are lacking. Thus, the influence of land use on stream metabolism across geographic regions is unknown. Further, there is limited understanding of how land use may alter variability in ecosystem metabolism across regions. 2. Stream metabolism was measured in nine streams in each of eight regions (n = 72) across the United States and Puerto Rico. In each region, three streams were selected from a range of three land uses: agriculturally influenced, urban-influenced, and reference streams. Stream metabolism was estimated from diel changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in each stream reach with correction for reaeration and groundwater input. 3. Gross primary production (GPP) was highest in regions with little riparian vegetation (sagebrush steppe in Wyoming, desert shrub in Arizona/New Mexico) and lowest in forested regions (North Carolina, Oregon). In contrast, ecosystem respiration (ER) varied both within and among regions. Reference streams had significantly lower rates of GPP than urban or agriculturally influenced streams. 4. GPP was positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation and autotrophic biomass. Multiple regression models compared using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) indicated GPP increased with water column ammonium and the fraction of the catchment in urban and reference land-use categories. Multiple regression models also identified velocity, temperature, nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, GPP, coarse benthic organic matter, fine benthic organic matter and the fraction of all land-use categories in the catchment as regulators of ER. 5. Structural equation modelling indicated significant distal as well as proximal control pathways including a direct effect of land-use on GPP as well as SRP, DIN, and PAR effects on GPP; GPP effects on autotrophic biomass, organic matter, and ER; and organic matter effects on ER. 6. Overall, consideration of the data separated by land-use categories showed reduced inter-regional variability in rates of metabolism, indicating that the influence of agricultural and urban land use can obscure regional differences in stream metabolism. C1 [Bernot, Melody J.] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Sobota, Daniel J.; Ashkenas, Linda R.; Gregory, Stanley V.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sobota, Daniel J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dodds, Walter K.; Wilson, Kym] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Webster, Jackson R.; Valett, H. Maurice; Niederlehner, B. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tank, Jennifer L.; Arango, Clay; Beaulieu, Jake J.; Johnson, Laura] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Dahm, Clifford N.; Crenshaw, Chelsea; Sheibley, Richard W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Grimm, Nancy B.; Sheibley, Richard W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hamilton, Stephen K.; Burgin, Amy J.; O'Brien, Jonathan M.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mcdowell, William H.; Merriam, Jeff; Potter, Jody D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.; Helton, Ashley M.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, Bruce; Thomas, Suzanne M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sheibley, Richard W.] USGS Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Bernot, MJ (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM mjbernot@bsu.edu RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; O'Brien, Jonathan/G-6786-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Burgin, Amy/G-7444-2014; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014; Burgin, Amy/C-1528-2010 OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536; Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017; Burgin, Amy/0000-0001-8489-4002 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0111410]; University of Tennessee; NSF LTER FX This work was supported by a U.S. National Science Foundation grant (DEB-0111410) to PJM, University of Tennessee and additional NSF LTER support at many of the sites. We thank all LINX II site crews for research assistance, private and public landowners and community participants for access to sites and site information, D Gudder and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript, and BJ Roberts and RJ Bernot for helpful discussions. NR 64 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 9 U2 183 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1874 EP 1890 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02422.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639TL UT WOS:000280997300006 ER PT J AU Fletcher, KEK Sharp, WD Kendrick, KJ Behr, WM Hudnut, KW Hanks, TC AF Fletcher, Kathryn E. K. Sharp, Warren D. Kendrick, Katherine J. Behr, Whitney M. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Hanks, Thomas C. TI Th-230/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DESERT SOILS; PEDOGENIC CARBONATE; EXPOSURE AGES; MOJAVE-DESERT; CALIFORNIA; SEQUENCES; CALCRETE; CALCIUM; BE-10; AL-26 AB U-series dating of pedogenic carbonateclast coatings provides a reliable, precise minimum age of 45.1 +/- 0.6 ka (2 sigma) for the T2 geomorphic surface of the Biskra Palms alluvial fan, Coachella Valley, California. Concordant ages for multiple subsamples from individual carbonate coatings provide evidence that the U-238-U-234-Th-230 system has remained closed since carbonate formation. The U-series minimum age is used to assess previously published Be-10 exposure ages of cobbles and boulders. All but one cobble age and some boulder Be-10 ages are younger than the U-series minimum age, indicating that surface cobbles and some boulders were partially shielded after deposition of the fan and have been subsequently exhumed by erosion of fine-grained matrix to expose them on the present fan surface. A comparison of U-series and Be-10 ages indicates that the interval between final alluvial deposition on the T2 fan surface and accumulation of dateable carbonate is not well resolved at Biskra Palms; however, the "time lag" inherent to dating via U-series on pedogenic carbonate can be no larger than similar to 10 k.y., the uncertainty of the Be-10-derived age of the T2 fan surface. Dating of the T2 fan surface via U-series on pedogenic carbonate (minimum age, 45.1 +/- 0.6 ka) and Be-10 on boulder-top samples using forward modeling (preferred age, 50 +/- 5 ka) provides broadly consistent constraints on the age of the fan surface and helps to elucidate its postdepositional development. C1 [Fletcher, Kathryn E. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sharp, Warren D.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Kendrick, Katherine J.; Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Behr, Whitney M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Hanks, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, KEK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fletcher@eps.berkeley.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Behr, Whitney/G-1127-2011; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0106924, 0636053]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [02HQAG0008] FX This manuscript was greatly improved by reviews by J. Paces, B. Harrison, and two anonymous reviewers. This research was partially supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution number 1290. The material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number 0636053. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 9-10 BP 1347 EP 1359 DI 10.1130/B30018.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 621EV UT WOS:000279558900001 ER PT J AU Behr, WM Rood, DH Fletcher, KE Guzman, N Finkel, R Hanks, TC Hudnut, KW Kendrick, KJ Platt, JP Sharp, WD Weldon, RJ Yule, JD AF Behr, W. M. Rood, D. H. Fletcher, K. E. Guzman, N. Finkel, R. Hanks, T. C. Hudnut, K. W. Kendrick, K. J. Platt, J. P. Sharp, W. D. Weldon, R. J. Yule, J. D. TI Uncertainties in slip-rate estimates for the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault at Biskra Palms Oasis, southern California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; COACHELLA VALLEY; EARTHQUAKE; ACCUMULATION; CONSTRAINTS; VELOCITY; MODELS; SOILS AB This study focuses on uncertainties in estimates of the geologic slip rate along the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault where it offsets an alluvial fan (T2) at Biskra Palms Oasis in southern California. We provide new estimates of the amount of fault offset of the T2 fan based on trench excavations and new cosmogenic Be-10 age determinations from the tops of 12 boulders on the fan surface. We present three alternative fan offset models: a minimum, a maximum, and a preferred offset of 660 m, 980 m, and 770 m, respectively. We assign an age of between 45 and 54 ka to the T2 fan from the 10Be data, which is significantly older than previously reported but is consistent with both the degree of soil development associated with this surface, and with ages from U-series geochronology on pedogenic carbonate from T2, described in a companion paper by Fletcher et al. (this volume). These new constraints suggest a range of slip rates between similar to 12 and 22 mm/yr with a preferred estimate of similar to 14-17 mm/yr for the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault. Previous studies suggested that the geologic and geodetic slip-rate estimates at Biskra Palms differed. We find, however, that considerable uncertainty affects both the geologic and geodetic slip-rate estimates, such that if a real discrepancy between these rates exists for the southern San Andreas fault at Biskra Palms, it cannot be demonstrated with available data. C1 [Behr, W. M.; Platt, J. P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Rood, D. H.; Finkel, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fletcher, K. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guzman, N.; Yule, J. D.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Earth Sci, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Hanks, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hudnut, K. W.; Kendrick, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Sharp, W. D.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Weldon, R. J.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Behr, WM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM behr@usc.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Behr, Whitney/G-1127-2011; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0106924]; USGS [02HQAG0008] FX We thank Becky Dorsey, Mike Oskin, and Kurt Frankel for several very helpful discussions. We also thank numerous other Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) community researchers who participated in discussions and review during field trips to Biskra Palms, especially on January 31, 2008. Jonathan Matti, Doug Morton, and Patricia McCrory provided preliminary internal U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reviews that greatly improved this paper prior to submission. Kurt Frankel, Eric Kirby, and an anonymous reviewer also provided formal reviews that led to significant improvements to this paper. We would also like to thank the employees at Granite Construction Company, Indio, California, particularly Sterling Wainscott for providing us with nearly unlimited access to the gravel quarry in which the Biskra Palms fan is located. This research was supported by the SCEC, which is funded by National Science Foundation cooperative agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS cooperative agreement 02HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1292. NR 55 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 9-10 BP 1360 EP 1377 DI 10.1130/B30020.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 621EV UT WOS:000279558900002 ER PT J AU Fisher, CM Loewy, SL Miller, CF Berquist, P Van Schmus, WR Hatcher, RD Wooden, JL Fullagar, PD AF Fisher, Christopher M. Loewy, Staci L. Miller, Calvin F. Berquist, Peter Van Schmus, W. Randall Hatcher, Robert D., Jr. Wooden, Joseph L. Fullagar, Paul D. TI Whole-rock Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic constraints on the growth of southeastern Laurentia during Grenvillian orogenesis SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BASEMENT; U-PB; NORTH-AMERICA; WEST TEXAS; CRUSTAL ARCHITECTURE; ADIRONDACK HIGHLANDS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; BLUE RIDGE; AGE ROCKS; NEW-YORK AB The conventional view that the basement of the southern and central Appalachians represents juvenile Mesoproterozoic crust, the final stage of growth of Laurentia prior to Grenville collision, has recently been challenged. New whole-rock Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic data are presented from Mesoproterozoic basement in the southern and central Appalachians and the Granite-Rhyolite province, as well as one new U-Pb zircon age from the Granite-Rhyolite province. These data, combined with existing data from Mesoproterozoic terranes throughout southeastern Laurentia, further substantiate recent suggestions that the southern and central Appalachian basement is exotic with respect to Laurentia. Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of most rocks from the southern and central Appalachian basement are consistent with progressive growth through reworking of the adjacent Granite-Rhyolite province. However, Pb isotopic data, including new analyses from important regions not sampled in previous studies, do not correspond with Pb isotopic compositions of any adjacent crust. The most distinct ages and isotopic compositions in the southern and central Appalachian basement come from the Roan Mountain area, eastern Tennesseewestern North Carolina. The data set indicates U-Pb zircon ages up to 1.8 Ga for igneous rocks, inherited and detrital zircon ages >2.0 Ga, Sm-Nd depleted mantle model (T(DM)) ages >2.0 Ga, and the most elevated (207)Pb/(204)Pb observed in southeastern Laurentia. The combined U-Pb geochronologic and Sm-Nd and Pb isotopic data preclude derivation of southern and central Appalachian basement from any nearby crustal material and demonstrate that Grenville age crust in southeastern Laurentia is exotic and probably was transferred during collision and assembly of Rodinia. These new data better define the boundary between the exotic southern and central Appalachian basement and adjacent Laurentian Granite-Rhyolite province. C1 [Fisher, Christopher M.; Miller, Calvin F.; Berquist, Peter] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Loewy, Staci L.] Calif State Coll Bakersfield, Dept Geol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. [Van Schmus, W. Randall] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Sci Alliance Ctr Excellence, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Micro Anal Ctr,Stanford US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fullagar, Paul D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Fisher, CM (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. EM c.fisher@mun.ca NR 63 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 9-10 BP 1646 EP 1659 DI 10.1130/B30116.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 621EV UT WOS:000279558900019 ER PT J AU Cramer, BD Loydell, DK Samtleben, C Munnecke, A Kaljo, D Mannik, P Martma, T Jeppsson, L Kleffner, MA Barrick, JE Johnson, CA Emsbo, P Joachimski, MM Bickert, T Saltzman, MR AF Cramer, Bradley D. Loydell, David K. Samtleben, Christian Munnecke, Axel Kaljo, Dimitri Maennik, Peep Martma, Tonu Jeppsson, Lennart Kleffner, Mark A. Barrick, James E. Johnson, Craig A. Emsbo, Poul Joachimski, Michael M. Bickert, Torsten Saltzman, Matthew R. TI Testing the limits of Paleozoic chronostratigraphic correlation via high-resolution (< 500 k.y.) integrated conodont, graptolite, and carbon isotope (delta C-13(carb)) biochemostratigraphy across the Llandovery-Wenlock (Silurian) boundary: Is a unified Phanerozoic time scale achievable? SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; BANWY RIVER SECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; EXTINCTION EVENTS; CHITINOZOAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; PAIRED DELTA-C-13(CARB); LATE ORDOVICIAN; ARCTIC CANADA; BIOTIC EVENTS; UPPER PART AB The resolution and fidelity of global chronostratigraphic correlation are direct functions of the time period under consideration. By virtue of deep-ocean cores and astrochronology, the Cenozoic and Mesozoic time scales carry error bars of a few thousand years (k.y.) to a few hundred k. y. In contrast, most of the Paleozoic time scale carries error bars of plus or minus a few million years (m. y.), and chronostratigraphic control better than +/- 1 m. y. is considered "high resolution." The general lack of Paleozoic abyssal sediments and paucity of orbitally tuned Paleozoic data series combined with the relative incompleteness of the Paleozoic stratigraphic record have proven historically to be such an obstacle to intercontinental chronostratigraphic correlation that resolving the Paleozoic time scale to the level achieved during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic was viewed as impractical, impossible, or both. Here, we utilize integrated graptolite, conodont, and carbonate carbon isotope (delta C-13 carb) data from three paleocontinents (Baltica, Avalonia, and Laurentia) to demonstrate chronostratigraphic control for upper Llandovery through middle Wenlock (TelychianSheinwoodian, similar to 436-426 Ma) strata with a resolution of a few hundred k.y. The interval surrounding the base of the Wenlock Series can now be correlated globally with precision approaching 100 k.y., but some intervals (e. g., uppermost Telychian and upper Shein-woodian) are either yet to be studied in sufficient detail or do not show sufficient biologic speciation and/or extinction or carbon isotopic features to delineate such small time slices. Although producing such resolution during the Paleozoic presents an array of challenges unique to the era, we have begun to demonstrate that erecting a Paleozoic time scale comparable to that of younger eras is achievable. C1 [Cramer, Bradley D.; Kleffner, Mark A.; Saltzman, Matthew R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Earth Hist, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Loydell, David K.] Univ Portsmouth, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, Hants, England. [Samtleben, Christian] Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Munnecke, Axel] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Fachgrp Palaoumwelt, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Kaljo, Dimitri; Maennik, Peep; Martma, Tonu] Tallinn Univ Technol, Inst Geol, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia. [Jeppsson, Lennart] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Barrick, James E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Johnson, Craig A.; Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Joachimski, Michael M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Fachgrp Krustendynam, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Bickert, Torsten] Univ Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissensch, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Cramer, BD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Dept Geol, 1930 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. EM cramerbd@gmail.com RI Saltzman, Matthew/B-6769-2011; Joachimski, Michael/B-9477-2011; Munnecke, Axel/G-3698-2010 OI Saltzman, Matthew/0000-0001-8052-1399; NR 90 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 9-10 BP 1700 EP 1716 DI 10.1130/B26602.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 621EV UT WOS:000279558900023 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Tanaka, KL Yamamoto, A Berman, DC Zimbelman, JR Kargel, JS Sasaki, S Yan, JG Miyamoto, H AF Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. Tanaka, Kenneth L. Yamamoto, Aya Berman, Daniel C. Zimbelman, James R. Kargel, Jeffrey S. Sasaki, Sho Yan Jinguo Miyamoto, Hideaki TI The sedimentology and dynamics of crater-affiliated wind streaks in western Arabia Terra, Mars and Patagonia, Argentina SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; Windstreaks; Aeolian; Resurfacing; Sediment transport ID MARTIAN SURFACE; AEOLIAN PROCESSES; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; EXPLORATION; MINERALOGY; MARINER-9; CHEMISTRY; CONTRAST; DEPOSITS; FEATURES AB Wind streaks comprise recent aeolian deposits that have been extensively documented on Venus, Earth and Mars. Martian wind streaks are among the most abundant surface features on the planet and commonly extend from the downwind margins of impact craters. Previous studies of wind streaks emerging from crater interior deposits suggested that the mode of emplacement was primarily related to the deposition of silt-sized particles as these settled from plumes. We have performed geologic investigations of two wind streaks clusters: one situated in western Arabia Terra, a region in the northern hemisphere of Mars, and another in an analogous terrestrial site located in southern Patagonia. Argentina, where occurrences of wind streaks emanate from playas within maar craters. In both these regions we have identified bedforms in sedimentary deposits on crater floors, along wind-facing interior crater margins, and along wind streaks. These observations indicate that these deposits contain sand-sized particles and that sediment migration has occurred via saltation from crater interior deposits to wind streaks. In Arabia Terra and in Patagonia wind streaks initiate from crater floors that contain lithic and evaporitic sedimentary deposits, suggesting that the composition of wind streak source materials has played an important role in development. Spatial and topographic analyses suggest that regional clustering of wind streaks in the studied regions directly correlates to the areal density of craters with interior deposits, the degree of proximity of these deposits, and the craters' rim-to-floor depths. In addition, some (but not all) wind streaks within the studied clusters have propagated at comparable yearly (Earth years) rates. Extensive saltation is inferred to have been involved in its propagation based on the studied terrestrial wind streak that shows ripples and dunes on its surface and the Martian counterpart changes orientation toward the downslope direction where it extends into an impact crater. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Berman, Daniel C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Yamamoto, Aya] RESTEC, Minato Ku, Tokyo 106, Japan. [Zimbelman, James R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Kargel, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sasaki, Sho] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa, Iwate 0230861, Japan. [Yan Jinguo] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Miyamoto, Hideaki] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM alexis@psi.edu RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012 NR 88 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 121 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 30 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.020 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 636AH UT WOS:000280699300004 ER PT J AU Fenton, LK Hayward, RK AF Fenton, Lori K. Hayward, Rosalyn K. TI Southern high latitude dune fields on Mars: Morphology, aeolian inactivity, and climate change SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeolian; Climate change; Mars; Dunes; Planetary geomorphology ID POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS; GLOBAL SURVEYOR DATA; SURFACE GROUND ICE; DEBRIS FLOWS; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; THERMAL INERTIA; MARTIAN GULLIES; HIGH OBLIQUITY; LIQUID WATER; SAND DUNES AB In a study area spanning the martian surface poleward of 50 degrees S., 1190 dune fields have been identified, mapped, and categorized based on dune field morphology. Dune fields in the study area span similar to 116 400 km(2), leading to a global dune field coverage estimate of similar to 904 000 km(2), far less than that found on Earth. Based on distinct morphological features, the dune fields were grouped into six different classes that vary in interpreted aeolian activity level from potentially active to relatively inactive and eroding. The six dune field classes occur in specific latitude zones, with a sequence of reduced activity and degradation progressing poleward. In particular, the first signs of stabilization appear at similar to 60 degrees S., which broadly corresponds to the edge of high concentrations of water-equivalent hydrogen content (observed by the Neutron Spectrometer) that have been interpreted as ground ice. This near-surface ground ice likely acts to reduce sand availability in the present climate state on Mars, stabilizing high latitude dunes and allowing erosional processes to change their morphology. As a result, climatic changes in the content of near-surface ground ice are likely to influence the level of dune activity. Spatial variation of dune field classes with longitude is significant, suggesting that local conditions play a major role in determining dune field activity level. Dune fields on the south polar layered terrain, for example, appear either potentially active or inactive, indicating that at least two generations of dune building have occurred on this surface. Many dune fields show signs of degradation mixed with crisp-brinked dunes, also suggesting that more than one generation of dune building has occurred since they originally formed. Dune fields superposed on early and late Amazonian surfaces provide potential upper age limits of similar to 100 My on the south polar layered deposits and similar to 3 Ga elsewhere at high latitudes. No craters are present on any identifiable dune fields, which can provide a lower age limit through crater counting: assuming all relatively stabilized dune fields represent a single noncontiguous surface of uniform age, their estimated crater retention age is Of methods for measuring temporal changes in seismic-wave speeds in the Earth, seismic tomography is among those that offer the highest spatial resolution. 3-D tomographic methods are commonly applied in this context by inverting seismic wave arrival time data sets from different epochs independently and assuming that differences in the derived structures represent real temporal variations. This assumption is dangerous because the results of independent inversions would differ even if the structure in the Earth did not change, due to observational errors and differences in the seismic ray distributions. The latter effect may be especially severe when data sets include earthquake swarms or aftershock sequences, and may produce the appearance of correlation between structural changes and seismicity when the wave speeds are actually temporally invariant. A better approach, which makes it possible to assess what changes are truly required by the data, is to invert multiple data sets simultaneously, minimizing the difference between models for different epochs as well as the rms arrival-time residuals. This problem leads, in the case of two epochs, to a system of normal equations whose order is twice as great as for a single epoch. The direct solution of this system would require twice as much memory and four times as much computational effort as would independent inversions. We present an algorithm, tomo4d, that takes advantage of the structure and sparseness of the system to obtain the solution with essentially no more effort than independent inversions require. C1 [Julian, B. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Foulger, G. R.] Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Julian, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bruce.r.julian@gmail.com NR 34 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 182 IS 3 BP 1327 EP 1338 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04668.x PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 639TP UT WOS:000280997700017 ER PT J AU Tsai, VC AF Tsai, Victor C. TI The relationship between noise correlation and the Green's function in the presence of degeneracy and the absence of equipartition SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Surface waves and free oscillations; Seismic tomography; Theoretical seismology; Statistical seismology; Wave propagation ID CROSS-CORRELATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB P>Recent derivations have shown that when noise in a physical system has its energy equipartitioned into the modes of the system, there is a convenient relationship between the cross correlation of time-series recorded at two points and the Green's function of the system. Here, we show that even when energy is not fully equipartitioned and modes are allowed to be degenerate, a similar (though less general) property holds for equations with wave equation structure. This property can be used to understand why certain seismic noise correlation measurements are successful despite known degeneracy and lack of equipartition on the Earth. C1 US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tsai, VC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM vtsai@post.harvard.edu RI Tsai, Victor/J-8405-2012 OI Tsai, Victor/0000-0003-1809-6672 FU United States Geological Survey FX The author thanks Y. Fan, L. Ramirez, S. Hartzell, T. Tada, D. E. McNamara and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This research was supported by the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program of the United States Geological Survey. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 182 IS 3 BP 1509 EP 1514 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04693.x PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 639TP UT WOS:000280997700028 ER PT J AU Waldrop, MP Wickland, KP White, R Berhe, AA Harden, JW Romanovsky, VE AF Waldrop, M. P. Wickland, K. P. White, R., III Berhe, A. A. Harden, J. W. Romanovsky, V. E. TI Molecular investigations into a globally important carbon pool: permafrost-protected carbon in Alaskan soils SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; enzymes; methanogenesis; microbial communities; permafrost; respiration ID NATURAL ORGANIC MATERIALS; ARCTIC TUNDRA SOILS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; STATE C-13 NMR; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DECOMPOSITION; METHANE; SENSITIVITY; SIBERIA AB The fate of carbon (C) contained within permafrost in boreal forest environments is an important consideration for the current and future carbon cycle as soils warm in northern latitudes. Currently, little is known about the microbiology or chemistry of permafrost soils that may affect its decomposition once soils thaw. We tested the hypothesis that low microbial abundances and activities in permafrost soils limit decomposition rates compared with active layer soils. We examined active layer and permafrost soils near Fairbanks, AK, the Yukon River, and the Arctic Circle. Soils were incubated in the lab under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Gas fluxes at -5 and 5 degrees C were measured to calculate temperature response quotients (Q(10)). The Q(10) was lower in permafrost soils (average 2.7) compared with active layer soils (average 7.5). Soil nutrients, leachable dissolved organic C (DOC) quality and quantity, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the soils revealed that the organic matter within permafrost soils is as labile, or even more so, than surface soils. Microbial abundances (fungi, bacteria, and subgroups: methanogens and Basidiomycetes) and exoenzyme activities involved in decomposition were lower in permafrost soils compared with active layer soils, which, together with the chemical data, supports the reduced Q(10) values. CH(4) fluxes were correlated with methanogen abundance and the highest CH(4) production came from active layer soils. These results suggest that permafrost soils have high inherent decomposability, but low microbial abundances and activities reduce the temperature sensitivity of C fluxes. Despite these inherent limitations, however, respiration per unit soil C was higher in permafrost soils compared with active layer soils, suggesting that decomposition and heterotrophic respiration may contribute to a positive feedback to warming of this eco region. C1 [Waldrop, M. P.; White, R., III; Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wickland, K. P.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO USA. [Berhe, A. A.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA. [Romanovsky, V. E.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Waldrop, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mwaldrop@usgs.gov RI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/D-4179-2011; OI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/0000-0002-6986-7943; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); National Research Initiative, USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-35107-17893] FX This study was supported by the Venture Capital and Earth Systems Dynamics program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). We would like to acknowledge Paul Schuster and Jon O'Donnell for help with field work in Alaska. Josh Koch assisted with soil incubations, and Kenna Butler assisted with water chemistry analyses. Cate Rychel at the USGS assisted with enzyme assays. Rob Striegl and George Aiken consulted on study design. A portion of the research described in this paper was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. A.A. Berhe acknowledges support from the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2007-35107-17893 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 46 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 19 U2 136 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2543 EP 2554 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02141.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635CR UT WOS:000280633700012 ER PT J AU Campbell, RW AF Campbell, Robert Wellman TI WISHLIST WILDERNESS ENDGAME IN THE BLACK HILLS NATIONAL FOREST SO GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Beaver Park; Black Elk Wilderness; Norbeck Wildlife Preserve; RARE II; South Dakota; US Forest Service C1 [Campbell, Robert Wellman] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Reston, VA USA. RP Campbell, RW (reprint author), Black Hills State Univ, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENT GREAT PLAINS STUD PI LINCOLN PA UNIV NEBRASKA-LINCOLN 1214 OLDFATHER HALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0313 USA SN 0275-7664 J9 GREAT PLAINS QUART JI Gt. Plains Q. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 287 EP 305 PG 19 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 686WG UT WOS:000284727100003 ER PT J AU Hill, MC Poeter, E Zheng, CM AF Hill, Mary C. Poeter, Eileen Zheng, Chunmiao TI Foreword: Groundwater Modeling and Public Policy SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Poeter, Eileen] Int Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Poeter, Eileen] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zheng, Chunmiao] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM mchill@usgs.gov; epoeter@mines.edu RI Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014 OI Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 625 EP 626 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00734.x PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 641NK UT WOS:000281134400001 PM 20727016 ER PT J AU Reeves, HW Zellner, ML AF Reeves, Howard W. Zellner, Moira L. TI Linking MODFLOW with an Agent-Based Land-Use Model to Support Decision Making SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; POLICIES; SYSTEMS; COMPLEX AB The U.S. Geological Survey numerical groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, was integrated with an agent-based land-use model to yield a simulator for environmental planning studies. Ultimately, this integrated simulator will be used as a means to organize information, illustrate potential system responses, and facilitate communication within a participatory modeling framework. Initial results show the potential system response to different zoning policy scenarios in terms of the spatial patterns of development, which is referred to as urban form, and consequent impacts on groundwater levels. These results illustrate how the integrated simulator is capable of representing the complexity of the system. From a groundwater modeling perspective, the most important aspect of the integration is that the simulator generates stresses on the groundwater system within the simulation in contrast to the traditional approach that requires the user to specify the stresses through time. C1 [Reeves, Howard W.] USGS Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Zellner, Moira L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Urban Planning & Policy, Coll Urban Planning & Publ Affairs, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Reeves, HW (reprint author), USGS Michigan Water Sci Ctr, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM hwreeves@usgs.gov; mzellner@uic.edu OI Reeves, Howard/0000-0001-8057-2081 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 649 EP 660 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00677.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 641NK UT WOS:000281134400004 PM 20132323 ER PT J AU Hanson, RT Schmid, W Faunt, CC Lockwood, B AF Hanson, R. T. Schmid, W. Faunt, C. C. Lockwood, B. TI Simulation and Analysis of Conjunctive Use with MODFLOW's Farm Process SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; FLOW AB The extension of MODFLOW onto the landscape with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) facilitates fully coupled simulation of the use and movement of water from precipitation, streamflow and runoff, groundwater flow, and consumption by natural and agricultural vegetation throughout the hydrologic system at all times. This allows for more complete analysis of conjunctive use water-resource systems than previously possible with MODFLOW by combining relevant aspects of the landscape with the groundwater and surface water components. This analysis is accomplished using distributed cell-by-cell supply-constrained and demand-driven components across the landscape within "water-balance subregions" comprised of one or more model cells that can represent a single farm, a group of farms, or other hydrologic or geopolitical entities. Simulation of micro-agriculture in the Pajaro Valley and macro-agriculture in the Central Valley are used to demonstrate the utility of MF-FMP. For Pajaro Valley, the simulation of an aquifer storage and recovery system and related coastal water distribution system to supplant coastal pumpage was analyzed subject to climate variations and additional supplemental sources such as local runoff. For the Central Valley, analysis of conjunctive use from different hydrologic settings of northern and southern subregions shows how and when precipitation, surface water, and groundwater are important to conjunctive use. The examples show that through MF-FMP's ability to simulate natural and anthropogenic components of the hydrologic cycle, the distribution and dynamics of supply and demand can be analyzed, understood, and managed. This analysis of conjunctive use would be difficult without embedding them in the simulation and are difficult to estimate a priori. C1 [Hanson, R. T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Schmid, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Faunt, C. C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Projects Off, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Lockwood, B.] Pajaro Valley Water Management Agcy, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. RP Hanson, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Water Resources Discipline, 4165 Spruance Rd,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM rthanson@usgs.gov RI Schmid, Wolfgang/H-9627-2013 OI Schmid, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6191-2781 FU NOAA; Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors would like to acknowledge the USGS reviewers Steve Peterson, Peter Martin, and Mary Hill as well as the useful comments and reviews by the journal reviewers Howard Reeves of the USGS and Jens Christian Refsgaard of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. The authors would also like to thank Larry Schneider for the illustrations. This research was supported by the NOAA funded California Applications Program of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and in part by the Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 674 EP 689 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00730.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 641NK UT WOS:000281134400006 PM 20572873 ER PT J AU Leake, SA Reeves, HW Dickinson, JE AF Leake, Stanley A. Reeves, Howard W. Dickinson, Jesse E. TI A New Capture Fraction Method to Map How Pumpage Affects Surface Water Flow SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; MANAGEMENT AB All groundwater pumped is balanced by removal of water somewhere, initially from storage in the aquifer and later from capture in the form of increase in recharge and decrease in discharge. Capture that results in a loss of water in streams, rivers, and wetlands now is a concern in many parts of the United States. Hydrologists commonly use analytical and numerical approaches to study temporal variations in sources of water to wells for select points of interest. Much can be learned about coupled surface/groundwater systems, however, by looking at the spatial distribution of theoretical capture for select times of interest. Development of maps of capture requires (1) a reasonably well-constructed transient or steady state model of an aquifer with head-dependent flow boundaries representing surface water features or evapotranspiration and (2) an automated procedure to run the model repeatedly and extract results, each time with a well in a different location. This paper presents new methods for simulating and mapping capture using three-dimensional groundwater flow models and presents examples from Arizona, Oregon, and Michigan. C1 [Leake, Stanley A.; Dickinson, Jesse E.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Reeves, Howard W.] US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Leake, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM saleake@usgs.gov RI Dickinson, Jesse/I-7177-2016; OI Dickinson, Jesse/0000-0002-0048-0839; Reeves, Howard/0000-0001-8057-2081 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Comments from reviewers Mary Chepiga, Carol Luukkonen, and Mary Hill of the U.S. Geological Survey and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The authors thank Don Pool, Marshall Gannett, and Carol Luukkonen of the U.S. Geological Survey for making their models available to us for development and testing of the capture fraction method. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 690 EP 700 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00701.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 641NK UT WOS:000281134400007 PM 20727017 ER PT J AU Dausman, AM Doherty, J Langevin, CD Sukop, MC AF Dausman, Alyssa M. Doherty, John Langevin, Christian D. Sukop, Michael C. TI Quantifying Data Worth Toward Reducing Predictive Uncertainty SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER MODEL CALIBRATION; PILOT POINTS AB The present study demonstrates a methodology for optimization of environmental data acquisition. Based on the premise that the worth of data increases in proportion to its ability to reduce the uncertainty of key model predictions, the methodology can be used to compare the worth of different data types, gathered at different locations within study areas of arbitrary complexity. The method is applied to a hypothetical nonlinear, variable density numerical model of salt and heat transport. The relative utilities of temperature and concentration measurements at different locations within the model domain are assessed in terms of their ability to reduce the uncertainty associated with predictions of movement of the salt water interface in response to a decrease in fresh water recharge. In order to test the sensitivity of the method to nonlinear model behavior, analyses were repeated for multiple realizations of system properties. Rankings of observation worth were similar for all realizations, indicating robust performance of the methodology when employed in conjunction with a highly nonlinear model. The analysis showed that while concentration and temperature measurements can both aid in the prediction of interface movement, concentration measurements, especially when taken in proximity to the interface at locations where the interface is expected to move, are of greater worth than temperature measurements. Nevertheless, it was also demonstrated that pairs of temperature measurements, taken in strategic locations with respect to the interface, can also lead to more precise predictions of interface movement. C1 [Dausman, Alyssa M.; Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [Sukop, Michael C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Dausman, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM adausman@usgs.gov; johndoherty@ozemail.com.au; langevin@usgs.gov; sukopm@fiu.edu OI Sukop, Michael/0000-0002-2142-6292 NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 729 EP 740 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00679.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 641NK UT WOS:000281134400010 PM 20132327 ER PT J AU Langevin, CD Dausman, AM Sukop, MC AF Langevin, Christian D. Dausman, Alyssa M. Sukop, Michael C. TI Solute and Heat Transport Model of the Henry and Hilleke Laboratory Experiment SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; AQUIFER; FLOW AB SEAWAT is a coupled version of MODFLOW and MT3DMS designed to simulate variable-density ground water flow and solute transport. The most recent version of SEAWAT, called SEAWAT Version 4, includes new capabilities to represent simultaneous multispecies solute and heat transport. To test the new features in SEAWAT, the laboratory experiment of Henry and Hilleke (1972) was simulated. Henry and Hilleke used warm fresh water to recharge a large sand-filled glass tank. A cold salt water boundary was represented on one side. Adjustable heating pads were used to heat the bottom and left sides of the tank. In the laboratory experiment, Henry and Hilleke observed both salt water and fresh water flow systems separated by a narrow transition zone. After minor tuning of several input parameters with a parameter estimation program, results from the SEAWAT simulation show good agreement with the experiment. SEAWAT results suggest that heat loss to the room was more than expected by Henry and Hilleke, and that multiple thermal convection cells are the likely cause of the widened transition zone near the hot end of the tank. Other computer programs with similar capabilities may benefit from benchmark testing with the Henry and Hilleke laboratory experiment. C1 [Langevin, Christian D.; Dausman, Alyssa M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [Sukop, Michael C.] Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Langevin, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM langevin@usgs.gov OI Sukop, Michael/0000-0002-2142-6292 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR 0440253] FX This article was significantly improved by the thoughtful reviews of Linzy Brakefield-Goswami, Grant Ferguson, Joseph Hughes, Henning Prommer, Ward Sanford, and Craig Simmons. Dorina Murgulet is also thanked for tracking down the master's thesis of Jeffrey Hilleke. This work was partially funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Ground Water Resources Program. Sukop was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. EAR 0440253. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 757 EP 770 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00596.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 641NK UT WOS:000281134400012 PM 19563419 ER PT J AU Kauffman, LJ Chapelle, FH AF Kauffman, Leon J. Chapelle, Francis H. TI Relative Vulnerability of Public Supply Wells to VOC Contamination in Hydrologically Distinct Regional Aquifers SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID BIODEGRADATION; BENZENE; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES AB A process-based methodology was used to compare the vulnerability of public supply wells tapping seven study areas in four hydrologically distinct regional aquifers to volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination. This method considers (1) contributing areas and travel times of groundwater flowpaths converging at individual supply wells, (2) the oxic and/or anoxic conditions encountered along each flowpath, and (3) the combined effects of hydrodynamic dispersion and contaminant- and oxic/anoxic-specific biodegradation. Contributing areas and travel times were assessed using particle tracks generated from calibrated regional groundwater flow models. These results were then used to estimate VOC concentrations relative to an unspecified initial concentration (C/C(0)) at individual public supply wells. The results show that the vulnerability of public supply wells to VOC contamination varies widely between different regional aquifers. Low-recharge rates, long travel times, and the predominantly oxic conditions characteristic of Basin and Range aquifers in the western United States leads to lower vulnerability to VOCs, particularly to petroleum hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene. On the other hand, high recharge rates and short residence times characteristic of the glacial aquifers of the eastern United States leads to greater vulnerability to VOCs. These differences lead to distinct patterns of C/C(0) values estimated for public supply wells characteristic of each aquifer, information that can be used by resource managers to develop monitoring plans based on relative vulnerability, to locate new public supply wells, or to make land-use management decisions. C1 [Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM Chapelle@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01308.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 678XS UT WOS:000284117400004 ER PT J AU Houser, JN Bierman, DW Burdis, RM Soeken-Gittinger, LA AF Houser, Jeffrey N. Bierman, David W. Burdis, Robert M. Soeken-Gittinger, Lori A. TI Longitudinal trends and discontinuities in nutrients, chlorophyll, and suspended solids in the Upper Mississippi River: implications for transport, processing, and export by large rivers SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Silica; Stoichiometry; Mississippi River ID GATE-I RESERVOIR; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ORGANIC-MATTER; DISSOLVED SILICATE; STREAM ECOSYSTEM; WATER-QUALITY; AMAZON RIVER; DANUBE RIVER; LAKE PEPIN; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS AB Across the distances spanned by large rivers, there are important differences in catchment characteristics, tributary inputs, and river morphology that may cause longitudinal changes in nutrient, chlorophyll, and suspended solids concentrations. We investigated longitudinal and seasonal patterns in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) using long-term data (1994-2005) from five study reaches that spanned 1300 km of the UMR. Lake Pepin, a natural lake in the most upstream study reach, had a clear effect on suspended material in the river. Suspended solids and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were substantially lower downstream of the lake and percent organic material (OM%) in suspension was higher. Below L. Pepin, mean total and organic suspended solids (TSS, OSS) and TP increased downriver and exhibited approximately log-linear relationships with catchment area, whereas OM% declined substantially downriver. Despite the downriver increase in TSS and OSS, concentrations similar to those above L. Pepin do not occur until similar to 370 km downriver indicating the extent of the influence of L. Pepin on the UMR. Chlorophyll concentrations were lower in the most downstream study reach, likely reflecting the shorter residence time and poor light climate, but there was not a consistent longitudinal decline in chlorophyll across the study reaches. Dissolved silica (DSi), DSi:TN, and DSi:TP declined downriver suggesting that DSi uptake and sedimentation by river phytoplankton may be reducing DSi transport in the river, and indicating that the eutrophication of the river may contribute to a reduction of DSi export to the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Houser, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Bierman, David W.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, LTRMP Mississippi River Monitoring Stn, Bellevue, IA 52031 USA. [Burdis, Robert M.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, LTRMP Lake City Field Stn, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. [Soeken-Gittinger, Lori A.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, LTRMP Pool Field Stn 26, Brighton, IL 62012 USA. RP Houser, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhouser@usgs.gov; dbierman@usgs.gov; robert.burdis@dnr.state.mn.us; lgitting@inhs.uiuc.edu OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132 FU LTRMP; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the LTRMP water quality sampling crews from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Natural History Survey, and Missouri Department of Conservation, who collected the data reported here. This manuscript benefitted from discussions with staff from these field stations. Barry Johnson, Eric Strauss, Paul Bukaveckas, and anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The LTRMP funded this study. The LTRMP is funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and administered by the U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. Shirley Yuan and the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center water quality laboratory conducted all chemical analyses. Brian Gray provided statistical consultation. The land cover analysis was performed by J.C. Nelson and Cassi Bauch and funded in part by the Great Rivers Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2010 VL 651 IS 1 BP 127 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0282-z PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 612SS UT WOS:000278923600010 ER PT J AU Rotzoll, K Oki, DS El-Kadi, AI AF Rotzoll, Kolja Oki, Delwyn S. El-Kadi, Aly I. TI Changes of freshwater-lens thickness in basaltic island aquifers overlain by thick coastal sediments SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Salt-water/freshwater relations; Coastal aquifers; Groundwater monitoring; Basaltic island hydrology; Pacific Islands AB Freshwater-lens thickness and long-term changes in freshwater volume in coastal aquifers are commonly assessed through repeated measurement of salinity profiles from monitor wells that penetrate into underlying salt water. In Hawaii, the thickest measured freshwater lens is currently 262 m in dike-free, volcanic-rock aquifers that are overlain by thick coastal sediments. The midpoint depth (depth where salinity is 50% salt water) between freshwater and salt water can serve as an indicator for freshwater thickness. Most measured midpoints have risen over the past 40 years, indicating a shrinking lens. The mean rate of rise of the midpoint from 1999-2009 varied locally, with faster rates in highly developed areas (1.0 m/year) and slower rates in less developed areas (0.5 m/year). The thinning of the freshwater lenses is the result of long-term groundwater withdrawal and reduced recharge. Freshwater/salt-water interface locations predicted from measured water levels and the Ghyben-Herzberg principle may be deeper than measured midpoints during some periods and shallower during other periods, although depths may differ up to 100 m in some cases. Moreover, changes in the midpoint are slower than changes in water level. Thus, water levels may not be a reliable indicator of the amount of freshwater in a coastal aquifer. C1 [Rotzoll, Kolja; El-Kadi, Aly I.] Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Oki, Delwyn S.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Rotzoll, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kolja@hawaii.edu FU US Geological Survey Pacific Islands Water Science Center FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Pacific Islands Water Science Center. The authors thank the Honolulu Board of Water Supply and the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Commission on Water Resource Management for providing access to salinity profiles and water levels. Comments from Scot Izuka, Kevin Chiu, and two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. This study is published as a part of the continuing University of Hawai'i at M (a) over bar noa Water Resources Research Center "Contributed Papers" series. As such, it will be assigned a sequential "WRRC-CP" number upon publication. This number, along with the abstract of the paper, will then be posted at the WRRC website NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1436 DI 10.1007/s10040-010-0602-4 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 646LL UT WOS:000281542000008 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Leake, SA AF Tillman, Fred D. Leake, Stanley A. TI Trends in groundwater levels in wells in the active management areas of Arizona, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater management; Geographic information systems; Arid regions; Groundwater monitoring; USA AB In 1980, the Arizona legislature passed the Groundwater Management Act (GMA), creating the active management areas (AMAs) to protect shared groundwater resources and to control severe overdrafts occurring in many parts of the state. With the 30-year anniversary of the GMA approaching, this article addresses the question: Have there been notable changes in the trends in observed groundwater levels in the AMAs from before enactment of the GMA until present? New tools developed for the US Geological Survey's National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program are used to analyze and present trends in observed groundwater level data. Trends in groundwater levels in the AMAs were investigated for 10-year time periods from 1970 through 1999 and an 9-year period from 2000-2008. Results indicate that the number of wells with rising trends in water levels increased and the number of wells with falling trends in water levels decreased during the early decades after passage of the GMA in the most-populated Phoenix and heavily agricultural Pinal AMAs. However, these trends in water levels are reversed during the 1995-2004 time period. The value of trend analyses would be improved by consistent groundwater-level monitoring in both developed and undeveloped areas of the region. C1 [Tillman, Fred D.; Leake, Stanley A.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X FU USGS FX Funding for the development of tools used to identify and present trends in groundwater levels in wells was provided by the USGS Water Availability and Use Pilot Program. Cheryl Partin of the USGS and Teri Davis of the Arizona Department of Water Resources provided water-level data used in these analyses. Marilyn Flynn created the online interactive map to display hyperlinked trend results for all time periods. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1515 EP 1524 DI 10.1007/s10040-010-0603-3 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 646LL UT WOS:000281542000014 ER PT J AU Ong, JB Lane, JW Zlotnik, VA Halihan, T White, EA AF Ong, John B. Lane, John W., Jr. Zlotnik, Vitaly A. Halihan, Todd White, Eric A. TI Combined use of frequency-domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate near-lake groundwater flow in the semi-arid Nebraska Sand Hills, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Frequency-domain electromagnetic; Electrical resistivity; Geophysical methods; Field techniques; Salt-water/fresh-water relations; USA ID ENVIRONMENTS; INDUCTION; GEOMETRY; DEPTH AB A frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) survey can be used to select locations for the more quantitative and labor-intensive electrical resistivity surveys. The FDEM survey rapidly characterized the groundwater-flow directions and configured the saline plumes caused by evaporation from several groundwater-dominated lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA. The FDEM instrument was mounted on a fiberglass cart and towed by an all-terrain vehicle, covering about 25 km/day. Around the saline lakes, areas with high electrical conductivity are consistent with the regional and local groundwater flow directions. The efficacy of this geophysical approach is attributed to: the high contrast in electrical conductivity between various groundwater zones; the shallow location of the saline zones; minimal cultural interference; and relative homogeneity of the aquifer materials. C1 [Ong, John B.; Zlotnik, Vitaly A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Lane, John W., Jr.; White, Eric A.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs Mansfield, CT 06269 USA. [Halihan, Todd] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Ong, JB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, 214 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jbong@huskers.unl.edu FU NSF [ER-0609982]; US Geological Survey; Nebraska Geological Society FX This project was funded by NSF (ER-0609982), the US Geological Survey Groundwater Resources and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs, and Yatkola-Edwards research grant from the Nebraska Geological Society. Modification of the GEM-2 was performed under the auspices of a CRADA between Geophex, Ltd. and the USGS. The authors thank N. Powers and M. French (the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge) for assisting with the study logistics and H. Yonkin (Rex Ranch) for access to Alkali Lake. K. Thompson (Oklahoma State Univ.), A. Ramadan (Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt), and Y. Leventeli (Akdeniz University, Turkey) assisted in conducting the ER surveys. We are grateful to C. B. Dawson, J.B. Callegary, and C. D. Johnson (all from the USGS), K. S. Rodolfo (Univ. of Illinois-Chicago), R. Supper (Univ. Calabria, Italy), P. Bauer-Gottwein (Tech. Univ., Denmark), and P. Brunner (Flinders Univ., Australia) for reviewing this report. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1539 EP 1545 DI 10.1007/s10040-010-0617-x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 646LL UT WOS:000281542000016 ER PT J AU Biancucci, L Martin, TE AF Biancucci, Luis Martin, Thomas E. TI Can selection on nest size from nest predation explain the latitudinal gradient in clutch size? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE altricial birds; body size; life histories; nest predation rate ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PASSERINE BIRDS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FOREST BIRDS; QUAIL EGGS; BODY SIZE; SUCCESS; AVES AB 1. Latitudinal variation in clutch sizes of birds is a well described, but poorly understood pattern. Many hypotheses have been proposed, but few have been experimentally tested, and none have been universally accepted by researchers. 2. The nest size hypothesis posits that higher nest predation in the tropics favours selection for smaller nests and thereby constrains clutch size by shrinking available space for eggs and/or nestlings in the nest. We tested this hypothesis with an experiment in a tropical forest and a comparative study between temperate and tropical field sites. 3. Specifically, we tested if: (i) predation increased with nest size; (ii) tropical birds had smaller nests controlled for body size; and (iii) clutch size was explained by nest size controlled for body size. 4. Experimental swapping of nests of different sizes showed that nest predation increased with nest size in the tropical site. Moreover, nest predation rates were higher in species with larger nests in both sites. However, nest size, corrected for body mass and phylogeny, did not differ between sites and was not related to clutch size between sites. 5. Hence, nest predation can exert selection on nest size as predicted by the hypothesis. Nest size increased with adult body mass, such that adult size might indirectly influence reproductive success through effects on nest size and nest predation risk. Ultimately, however, selection from nest predation on nest size does not explain the smaller clutch sizes typical of the tropics. C1 [Biancucci, Luis; Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Biancucci, L (reprint author), Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM luis.biancucci@gmail.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU NSF [DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764] FX We are grateful to D. Barton for his help in the statistical analysis and his comments, M. J. Alvarez and J. C. Oteyza, for their valuable help in the field and many people who helped in collecting the data reported here. This study was made possible in part by support under NSF grants DEB-0543178 and DEB-0841764 to T. E. Martin. Permit numbers are DM/0000237 from FONACIT; PA-INP-005-2004 from INPARQUES; and 01-03-03-1147 from Ministerio del Ambiente. We thank C. Bosque for substantial aid in facilitating this work. Specific equipment identities are simply provided to aid specific methods and do not represent an endorsement of these companies by USGS. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1086 EP 1092 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01720.x PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 635QK UT WOS:000280671000017 PM 20609032 ER PT J AU Borcherding, J Beeck, P DeAngelis, DL Scharf, WR AF Borcherding, Jost Beeck, Peter DeAngelis, Donald L. Scharf, Werner R. TI Match or mismatch: the influence of phenology on size-dependent life history and divergence in population structure SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hatching date; match-mismatch hypothesis; Perca fluviatilis; physiologically structured population model; predator-prey interactions; size variation; young-of-the-year ID PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; THE-YEAR PERCH; WHOLE-LAKE EXPERIMENTS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; PREDATION RISK; PREY; GROWTH; FISH; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS AB P>1. In gape-limited predators, body size asymmetries determine the outcome of predator-prey interactions. Due to ontogenetic changes in body size, the intensity of intra- and interspecific interactions may change rapidly between the match situation of a predator-prey system and the mismatch situation in which competition, including competition with the prey, dominates. 2. Based on a physiologically structured population model using the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), analysis was performed on how prey density (bream, Abramis brama), initial size differences in the young-of-the-year (YOY) age cohort of the predator, and phenology (time-gap in hatching of predator and prey) influence the size structure of the predator cohort. 3. In relation to the seasonality of reproduction, the match situation of the predator-prey system occurred when perch hatched earlier than bream and when no gape-size limitations existed, leading to decreased size divergence in the predator age cohort. Decreased size divergence was also found when bream hatched much earlier than perch, preventing perch predation on bream occurring, which, in turn, increased the competitive interaction of the perch with bream for the common prey, zooplankton; i.e. the mismatch situation in which also the mean size of the age cohort of the predator decreased. 4. In between the total match and the mismatch, however, only the largest individuals of the perch age cohort were able to prey on the bream, while smaller conspecifics got trapped in competition with each other and with bream for zooplankton, leading to enlarged differences in growth that increased size divergence. 5. The modelling results were combined with 7 years of field data in a lake, where large differences in the length-frequency distribution of YOY perch were observed after their first summer. These field data corroborate that phenology and prey density per predator are important mechanisms in determining size differences within the YOY age cohort of the predator. 6. The results demonstrate that the switch between competitive interactions and a predator-prey relationship depended on phenology. This resulted in pronounced size differences in the YOY age cohort, which had far-reaching consequences for the entire predator population. C1 [Borcherding, Jost; Beeck, Peter; Scharf, Werner R.] Univ Cologne, Inst Zool, Ecol Res Stn Grietherbusch, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Borcherding, J (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Zool, Ecol Res Stn Grietherbusch, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. EM jost.borcherding@uni-koeln.de RI Borcherding, Jost/A-1142-2011 OI Borcherding, Jost/0000-0003-3411-5861 FU German Research Foundation [DFG BO1507/5-1]; U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of Joscha Groddeck, Lisa Heermann, Martina Heynen, Stephanie Kiel, Ulrike Konig, Andreas Scharbert, Ralph Urbatzka and many volunteer helpers during the field sampling. We thank Lennart Persson, Andre De Roos and two anonymous referees for their suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript substantially. The study was financially supported by the German Research Foundation to JB (DFG BO1507/5-1). DLD was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1112 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01704.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 635QK UT WOS:000280671000019 PM 20487091 ER PT J AU Davidson, RS Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Davidson, R. Scott Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. TI Drivers of growth variation in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): an elasticity analysis approach SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body growth; density dependence; discharge; environmental variation; global climate change; temperature ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; BROWN TROUT; POPULATION RESPONSES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SEASONAL GROWTH; PARR; STREAM; SURVIVAL AB 1. Estimating the relative importance of factors affecting key vital rates is an essential challenge for population ecology. In spite of a large literature on individual growth rates of north temperate-zone fishes, relative effect sizes for the wide range of abiotic and biotic factors affecting fish growth are not well characterized, strongly limiting our ability to predict the effects of environmental change on fish populations. 2. We applied generalized linear mixed models to data from a long-term (nine cohorts over 10 years) individual-based (7685 records from 4203 individuals) study of stream-dwelling juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to estimate the relative importance and interactive effects of stream discharge, water temperature and population density on season-specific growth rates. The model explained a large proportion (r2 = 0 center dot 95) of observed variation in growth. 3. Elasticity analysis was used to estimate the relative importance of model variables on growth in length for Atlantic salmon between age 0+ autumn and the end of age 1+ winter. Effects of population density were substantially weaker than effects of discharge and temperature across all seasons. Opposing among-season temperature effects reduced the overall importance of temperature on growth in contrast to discharge, where effects were generally positive among seasons. Consistent among-season effects and a greater range of observed variation combined to increase the effect of discharge on growth compared to temperature. 4. These results suggest that robust predictions of body growth in north temperate stream fishes will need to include season-specific estimates of variation in both abiotic (temperature and discharge) and biotic (density) factors, but that variation in discharge will dominate growth responses. C1 [Davidson, R. Scott] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Davidson, R. Scott; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Davidson, RS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rsdavids@ucsc.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Forest Service Northern Research Station; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX The US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Forest Service Northern Research Station provided financial support. Cailin Xu and Ted Castor-Santos, Andres Lopez-Sepulcre and an anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on manuscript drafts. We thank Matthew O'Donnell, Todd Dubreuil, Gabe Gries and numerous field assistants for help collecting data. Data on the number of shelters present were collected by Anders Finstad. R.S.D. was supported by the Maine Atlantic Salmon Conservation Fund - National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1121 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01708.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 635QK UT WOS:000280671000020 PM 20487089 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Iwanowicz, LR Starliper, CE Iwanowicz, DD Barbash, P Hedrick, JD Reeser, SJ Mullican, JE Zaugg, SD Burkhardt, MR Kelble, J AF Blazer, V. S. Iwanowicz, L. R. Starliper, C. E. Iwanowicz, D. D. Barbash, P. Hedrick, J. D. Reeser, S. J. Mullican, J. E. Zaugg, S. D. Burkhardt, M. R. Kelble, J. TI Mortality of Centrarchid Fishes in the Potomac Drainage: Survey Results and Overview of Potential Contributing Factors SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LARGEMOUTH BASS VIRUS; ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SMALLMOUTH BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT; STRIPED BASS AB Skin lesions and spring mortality events of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and selected other species were first noted in the South Branch of the Potomac River in 2002. Since that year morbidity and mortality have also been observed in the Shenandoah and Monocacy rivers. Despite much research, no single pathogen, parasite, or chemical cause for the lesions and mortality has been identified. Numerous parasites, most commonly trematode metacercariae and myxozoans; the bacterial pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Flavobacterium columnare; and largemouth bass virus have all been observed. None have been consistently isolated or observed at all sites, however, nor has any consistent microscopic pathology of the lesions been observed. A variety of histological changes associated with exposure to environmental contaminants or stressors, including intersex (testicular oocytes), high numbers of macrophage aggregates, oxidative damage, gill lesions, and epidermal papillomas, were observed. The findings indicate that selected sensitive species may be stressed by multiple factors and constantly close to the threshold between a sustainable (healthy) and nonsustainable (unhealthy) condition. Fish health is often used as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health, and these findings raise concerns about environmental degradation within the Potomac River drainage. Unfortunately, while much information has been gained from the studies conducted to date, due to the multiple state jurisdictions involved, competing interests, and other issues, there has been no coordinated approach to identifying and mitigating the stressors. This synthesis emphasizes the need for multiyear, interdisciplinary, integrative research to identify the underlying stressors and possible management actions to enhance ecosystem health. C1 [Blazer, V. S.; Iwanowicz, L. R.; Starliper, C. E.; Iwanowicz, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Barbash, P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Hedrick, J. D.] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Romney, WV 26757 USA. [Reeser, S. J.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 24482 USA. [Mullican, J. E.] Fisheries Serv, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Thurmont, MD 21788 USA. [Zaugg, S. D.; Burkhardt, M. R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Res Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kelble, J.] Shenandoah Riverkeeper, Boyce, VA 22620 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; Maryland's Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Friends of the Shenandoah FX We are indebted to the numerous field biologists and others from agencies in the states of West Virginia, Maryland, and Virginia who assisted in field collections. We thank Darlene Bowling, Kathy Spring, and Pam Whittington (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]) and Richard Gunsalles and William Quartz (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for technical assistance and Heather Ellery (USGS) and Lisa Cullinane (Virginia Department of Environmental Quality) for assistance with field necropsies and laboratory assistance. Rocco Cipriano (USGS) identified the bacteria cultured from skin mucous in 2007, and John Young (USGS) produced the map used in Figure 1. The research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem, Toxic Substances, Hydrology, and Fisheries programs, Virginia's Department of Environmental Quality and Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, West Virginia's Department of Environmental Protection and Division of Natural Resources, and Maryland's Department of Natural Resources, as well as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, the Friends of the Shenandoah provided funding for the tissue arsenic analyses. We also appreciate the manuscript review and comments of John Holmes, Friends of the North Fork; Paul Bowser, Cornell University; John Fournie, Environmental Protection Agency; and Christopher Ottinger, USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 157 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 190 EP 218 DI 10.1577/H10-002.1 PG 29 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 674ZD UT WOS:000283791100007 PM 21192549 ER PT J AU Callaghan, S Deelman, E Gunter, D Juve, G Maechling, P Brooks, C Vahi, K Milner, K Graves, R Field, E Okaya, D Jordan, T AF Callaghan, Scott Deelman, Ewa Gunter, Dan Juve, Gideon Maechling, Philip Brooks, Christopher Vahi, Karan Milner, Kevin Graves, Robert Field, Edward Okaya, David Jordan, Thomas TI Scaling up workflow-based applications SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Workflow Management and Applications in Grid Environments (WaGe2008) CY MAY 25, 2008 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Scientific workflows; Distributed applications; Workflow scalability AB Scientific applications, often expressed as workflows are making use of large-scale national cyberinfrastructure to explore the behavior of systems, search for phenomena in large-scale data, and to conduct many other scientific endeavors As the complexity of the systems being studied grows and as the data set sizes Increase, the scale of the computational workflows increases as well. In some cases, workflows now have hundreds of thousands of individual tasks Managing such scale is difficult from the point of view of workflow description, execution, and analysis In this paper, we describe the challenges faced by workflow management and performance analysis systems when dealing with an earthquake science application. CyberShake, executing on the TeraGrid. The scientific goal of the SCEC CyberShake project is to calculate probabilistic seismic hazard curves for sites in Southern California. For each site of interest, the CyberShake platform includes two large-scale MPI calculations and approximately 840,000 embarrassingly parallel post-processing jobs. In this paper, we show how we approach the scalability challenges in our workflow management and log mining systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Deelman, Ewa; Vahi, Karan] USC Informat Sci Inst, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. [Callaghan, Scott; Juve, Gideon; Maechling, Philip; Milner, Kevin; Okaya, David; Jordan, Thomas] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Graves, Robert] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Field, Edward] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Gunter, Dan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brooks, Christopher] Univ San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. RP Deelman, E (reprint author), USC Informat Sci Inst, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-0000 J9 J COMPUT SYST SCI JI J. Comput. Syst. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 76 IS 6 SI SI BP 428 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.jcss.2009.11.005 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 610AS UT WOS:000278701700005 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ Smith, BD AF Allred, Barry J. Smith, Bruce D. TI Introduction to the JEEG Agricultural Geophysics Special Issue SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Allred, Barry J.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Smith, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr,Room 234, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Barry.Allred@ars.usda.gov; bsmith@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 SI SI BP V EP VI PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 654HP UT WOS:000282159400001 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Jaynes, DB Ma, L Nolan, BT Meek, DW Karlen, DL AF Malone, R. W. Jaynes, D. B. Ma, L. Nolan, B. T. Meek, D. W. Karlen, D. L. TI Soil-Test N Recommendations Augmented with PEST-Optimized RZWQM Simulations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; NITRATE LOSS; CROP PRODUCTION; CORN RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; WEATHER DATA; MANAGEMENT; LOSSES AB Improved understanding of year-to-year late-spring soil nitrate test (LSNT) variability could help make it more attractive to producers. We test the ability of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to simulate watershed-scale variability due to the LSNT, and we use the optimized model to simulate long-term field N dynamics under related conditions. Autoregressive techniques and the automatic parameter calibration program PEST were used to show that RZWQM simulates significantly lower nitrate concentration in discharge from LSNT treatments compared with areas receiving fall N fertilizer applications within the rile-drained Walnut Creek, Iowa, watershed (>5 mg N L-1 difference for the third year of the treatment, 1999). This result is similar to field-measured data from a paired watershed experiment. A statistical model we developed using RZWQM simulations from 1970 to 2005 shows that early-season precipitation and early-season temperature account for 90% of the interannual variation in LSNT-based fertilizer N rates. Long-term simulations with similar average N application rates for corn (Zea mays L.) (151 kg N ha(-1)) show annual average N loss in rile flow of 20.4, 22.2, and 27.3 kg N ha(-1) for LSNT, single spring, and single fall N applications. These results suggest that (i) RZWQM is a promising tool to accurately estimate the water quality, effects of LSNT;, (ii) the majority of N loss difference between LSNT and fall applications is because more N remains in the root zone for crop uptake; and (iii) year-to-year LSNT-based N rate differences are mainly due to variation in early-season precipitation and temperature. C1 [Malone, R. W.; Jaynes, D. B.; Meek, D. W.; Karlen, D. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Ma, L.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Nolan, B. T.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. EM rob.malone@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1711 EP 1723 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0425 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 646WQ UT WOS:000281575600018 PM 21043276 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Slade, RM Haney, RL AF Harmel, R. D. Slade, R. M., Jr. Haney, R. L. TI Impact of Sampling Techniques on Measured Stormwater Quality Data for Small Streams SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SMALL WATERSHEDS; STRATEGIES; SEDIMENT; UNCERTAINTY; PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; LOADS; GRAB AB Science-based sampling methodologies are needed to enhance water quality characterization for setting appropriate water quality standards, developing Total Maximum Daily Loads, and managing nonpoint source pollution. Storm event sampling, which is vital for adequate assessment of water quality in small (wadeable) streams, is typically conducted by manual grab or integrated sampling or with an automated sampler. Although it is typically assumed that samples from a single point adequately represent mean cross-sectional concentrations, especially for dissolved constituents, this assumption of well-mixed conditions has received limited evaluation. Similarly, the impact of temporal (within-storm) concentration variability is rarely considered. Therefore, this study evaluated differences in stormwater quality measured in small streams with several common sampling techniques, which in essence evaluated within-channel and within-storm concentration variability. Constituent concentrations from manual grab samples and from integrated samples were compared for 31 events, then concentrations were also compared for seven events with automated sample collection. Comparison of sampling techniques indicated varying degrees of concentration variability within channel cross sections for both dissolved and particulate constituents, which is contrary to common assumptions of substantial variability in particulate concentrations and of minimal variability in dissolved concentrations. Results also indicated the potential for substantial within-storm (temporal) concentration variability for both dissolved and particulate constituents. Thus, failing to account for potential cross-sectional and temporal concentration variability in stormwater monitoring projects can introduce additional uncertainty in measured water quality data. C1 [Harmel, R. D.; Haney, R. L.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Slade, R. M., Jr.] Austin Community Coll, USGS, Austin, TX 78753 USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM daren.harmel@ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1734 EP 1742 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0498 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 646WQ UT WOS:000281575600020 PM 21043278 ER PT J AU Meeker, GP Lioy, PJ Lippmann, M Lowers, HA AF Meeker, Gregory P. Lioy, Paul J. Lippmann, Morton Lowers, Heather A. TI Response to the comment by Henry Kahn and Dennis Santella on a summary of the development of a signature for detection of residual dust from the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CENTER WTC C1 [Meeker, Gregory P.; Lowers, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Community Med, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Lippmann, Morton] NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP Meeker, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS973, Denver, CO USA. EM plioy@eohsi.rutgers.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022] NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 491 EP 492 DI 10.1038/jes.2010.45 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 647NL UT WOS:000281625100003 PM 20820163 ER PT J AU Bratton, JF AF Bratton, John F. TI The Three Scales of Submarine Groundwater Flow and Discharge across Passive Continental Margins SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OFFSHORE NEW-JERSEY; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; COASTAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA PLATFORM; FLUID-FLOW; OCEAN; ZONE AB Increased study of submarine groundwater systems in recent years has provided a wealth of new data and techniques, but some ambiguity has been introduced by insufficient distinguishing of the relevant spatial scales of the phenomena studied. Submarine groundwater flow and discharge on passive continental margins can be most productively studied and discussed by distinct consideration of the following three spatial scales: (1) the nearshore scale, spanning approximately 0-10 m offshore and including the unconfined surficial aquifer; (2) the embayment scale, spanning approximately 10 m to as much as 10 km offshore and including the first confined submarine aquifer and its terminus; and (3) the shelf scale, spanning the width and thickness of the aquifers of the entire continental shelf, from the base of the first confined aquifer downward to the basement, and including influences of geothermal convection and glacio-eustatic change in sea level. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bratton, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jbratton@usgs.gov OI Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Ward Sanford, Holly Michael, Alicia Wilson, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful feedback and comments on drafts of this manuscript, which significantly improved it. The U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program provided primary support for preparation of the manuscript and for participation in several field studies and scientific meetings that led to the recognition of the need for such a discussion. Some symbols used in the figures were courtesy of the Integration and Application Network (http://ian.umces.edu/symbols/), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 81 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 118 IS 5 BP 565 EP 575 DI 10.1086/655114 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA 641PY UT WOS:000281142900007 ER PT J AU Verba, CA Geissler, PE Titus, TN Waller, D AF Verba, Circe A. Geissler, Paul E. Titus, Timothy N. Waller, Devin TI Observations from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE): Martian dust devils in Gusev and Russell craters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS; CAMERA AB Two areas targeted for repeated imaging by detailed High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) observations allow us to examine morphological differences and monitor seasonal variations of Martian dust devil tracks at two quite different locations. Russell crater (53.3 degrees S, 12.9 degrees E) is regularly imaged to study seasonal processes including deposition and sublimation of CO2 frost. Gusev crater (14.6 degrees S, 175.4 degrees E) has been frequently imaged in support of the Mars Exploration Rover mission. Gusev crater provides the first opportunity to compare "ground truth" orbital observations of dust devil tracks to surface observations of active dust plumes. Orbital observations show that dust devil tracks are rare, forming at a rate <1/110 that of the occurrence of active dust plumes estimated from Spirit's surface observations. Furthermore, the tracks observed from orbit are wider than typical plume diameters observed by Spirit. We conclude that the tracks in Gusev are primarily formed by rare, large dust devils. Smaller dust devils fail to leave tracks that are visible from orbit, perhaps because of limited surface excavation depths. Russell crater displays more frequent, smaller sinuous tracks than Gusev. This may be due to the thin dust cover in Russell, allowing smaller dust devils to penetrate through the bright dust layer and leave conspicuous tracks. The start of the dust devil season and peak activity are delayed in Russell in comparison to Gusev, likely because of its more southerly location. Dust devils in both sites travel in directions consistent with general circulation model (GCM)-predicted winds, confirming a laboratory-derived approach to determining dust devil travel directions based on track morphology. C1 [Verba, Circe A.; Geissler, Paul E.; Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Verba, Circe A.] US DOE, NETL, Albany, OR 97322 USA. [Waller, Devin] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Verba, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM circe.verba@gmail.com NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E09002 DI 10.1029/2009JE003498 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 647QD UT WOS:000281632800002 ER PT J AU Manny, BA Kennedy, GW Boase, JC Allen, JD Roseman, EF AF Manny, Bruce A. Kennedy, Gregory W. Boase, James C. Allen, Jeffrey D. Roseman, Edward F. TI Spawning by walleye (Sander vitreus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in the Detroit River: Implications for spawning habitat enhancement SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Walleye; White sucker; Spawning ground; Detroit River ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; GREAT-LAKES; EGG DEPOSITION; LARVAL WALLEYE; ONTARIO; FISHERIES; SURVIVAL; REMOVAL AB Few active fish spawning grounds have been found in channels connecting the Great Lakes. Here, we describe one near Belle Isle in the Detroit River, part of the channel connecting lakes Huron and Erie. There, in 2005, we collected 1,573 fish eggs, cultured them, and identified the hatched larvae as walleye (Sander vitreus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). Walleye spawning peaked during the week of April 12-19; white sucker spawning peaked on May 10. Average areal rate of egg deposition by walleye and white sucker at this spawning ground in 2005 was 346 and 25 eggs/m(2), respectively. Our environmental measurements showed that bottom substrates on this spawning ground were largely sand, not optimal for fish reproduction. We hypothesize that reproduction of these fish at this spawning ground could be enhanced by adding rock and gravel substrates for protection of deposited fish eggs and suggest that reproduction by walleye in the Detroit River may add resilience to production of walleye in western Lake Erie. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Manny, Bruce A.; Kennedy, Gregory W.; Allen, Jeffrey D.; Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Boase, James C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Fisheries Stn, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. RP Manny, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM bmanny@usgs.gov; gkennedy@usgs.gov; james_Boase@fws.gov; jallen@usgs.gov; eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU NOAA [02CR-1.19]; Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2002.232]; USGS [03-R3-02, 06-R3-04] FX We thank D. Wilcox, M. Bur, and R. Drouin for manuscript review; D. Bennion, M.G. Black, J. Craig, R. Quintal, S. Riley, and E. Stockwell for field assistance and/or data analysis; and the US Coast Guard, Belle Isle Station for technical support. Financial support was provided, in part, by grant no. 02CR-1.19 from the (NOAA) Coastal Restoration Grant Program and grant no. 2002.232 from the Great Lakes Fishery Trust to the Michigan Sea Grant College Program at the University of Michigan for the Belle Isle/Detroit River Sturgeon Habitat Restoration, Monitoring, and Education Project, and by the USGS Science Support Program for Projects 03-R3-02 and 06-R3-04. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This article is contribution no. 1590 of the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.05.008 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XN UT WOS:000281654200012 ER PT J AU Walsh, MG Lantry, BF Boscarino, B Bowen, K Gerlofsma, J Schaner, T Back, R Questel, J Smythe, AG Cap, R Goehle, M Young, B Chalupnicki, M Johnson, JH McKenna, JE AF Walsh, Maureen G. Lantry, Brian F. Boscarino, Brent Bowen, Kelly Gerlofsma, Jocelyn Schaner, Ted Back, Richard Questel, Jennifer Smythe, A. Garry Cap, Roberta Goehle, Michael Young, Bryan Chalupnicki, Marc Johnson, James H. McKenna, James E., Jr. TI Early observations on an emerging Great Lakes invader Hemimysis anomala in Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hemimysis anomala; Great Lakes; Lake Ontario; Invasive; Mysid ID PONTO-CASPIAN INVADER; BIOLOGICAL INVADERS; FRESH-WATER; CRUSTACEA; MYSIDACEA; RECORDS; IMPACT; RHINE; SARS AB Hemimysis anomala, a Ponto-Caspian littoral mysid, is an emerging Great Lakes invader that was discovered in Lakes Michigan and Ontario in 2006. Similar to the native mysid Mysis diluviana. Hemimysis exhibits a diel vertical migration pattern but generally inhabits shallower and warmer waters than M. diluviana. Because basic information on the distribution, habitat use, and biology of Hemimysis in the Great Lakes is scarce, the potential for food web disruption by Hemimysis cannot easily be predicted. Preliminary observations indicate widespread invasion of Hemimysis in Lake Ontario. In this study, we confirm the presence of Hemimysis at sites spanning the northern and southern shores of Lake Ontario and the presence of the individuals during winter months. In one horizontal tow in November 2007, over 26,000 individuals were collected with a length range of 4.4 to 9.0 mm and an average caloric density of 611 cal/g wet weight. The most effective methods for sampling Hemimysis were horizontal tows with either a zooplankton net in the water column or a benthic sled near the lake bottom. Although more quantitative data on the life history and distribution of this species is necessary, our preliminary observations support the prediction that the potential for Hemimysis to impact the nearshore food web in Lake Ontario appears high. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Walsh, Maureen G.; Lantry, Brian F.] USGS Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Boscarino, Brent] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Bowen, Kelly; Gerlofsma, Jocelyn] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Schaner, Ted] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. [Back, Richard; Questel, Jennifer] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Biol Sci, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Smythe, A. Garry; Cap, Roberta] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct, Tonawanda, NY 14150 USA. [Goehle, Michael; Young, Bryan] USFWS Lower Lakes Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. [Chalupnicki, Marc; Johnson, James H.; McKenna, James E., Jr.] USGS Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Walsh, MG (reprint author), USGS Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM mwalsh@usgs.gov; bflantry@usgs.gov; btb32@cornell.edu; bowenk@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; gerlofsmaj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; ted.schaner@ontario.ca; back@oswego.edu; jenn.questel@sfos.uaf.edu; garry.smythe@shawgrp.com; Michael_Goehle@fws.gov; Bryan.T.Young@usace.army.mil; mchalupnicki@usgs.gov; jhjohnson@usgs.gov; jemckenna@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.04.012 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XN UT WOS:000281654200013 ER PT J AU Riseng, CM Wiley, MJ Seelbach, PW Stevenson, RJ AF Riseng, Catherine M. Wiley, Michael J. Seelbach, Paul W. Stevenson, R. Jan TI An ecological assessment of Great Lakes tributaries in the Michigan Peninsulas SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Tributaries; Ecological assessment; Normalization; Michigan; Regional assessment ID RUNNING-WATER SITES; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN LAKES; LAND-USE; RIVER; SCALE; CLASSIFICATION; QUALITY AB Michigan stream fish and macroinvertebrate community data from multiple sources were combined to conduct a statewide assessment of riverine ecological condition. Using regionally normalized metrics to correct for methodological inconsistencies and natural variation and statistically based scoring criteria, about 50% of all sampled sites were in expected or better ecological condition, 30% were ecologically impaired, and 20% were marginal. Structural Equation Modeling with this regional assessment dataset indicated that land use effects were more important than effects of point-source discharges. Biological metrics appeared to be more sensitive to urban than agricultural land use, and riparian than basin-wide agricultural land use. Invertebrate communities were marginally more sensitive than fish communities to the suite of anthropogenic stressors examined. Using the observed assessment status from sampled sites, Classification and Regression Tree models were used to estimate ecological condition in the state's remaining unsampled river segments. Combining observed and estimated site scores, 25% of the state's river kms were estimated to be impaired, with the Erie and St. Clair basins having the highest degree of impairment (52% and 44% of total channel lengths, respectively) and lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron basins had the lowest degree of impairment at 4%, 21% and 31%, respectively. We argue that correlations between the state of the Great Lakes and the ecological conditions of their tributary systems reflect both direct impact transmission from watershed to receiving waters, and also non-causal correlation due to shared anthropogenic stressors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Riseng, Catherine M.; Wiley, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Seelbach, Paul W.] US Geol Serv, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Stevenson, R. Jan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Riseng, CM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM criseng@umich.edu; mjwiley@umich.edu; pseelbach@usgs.gov; rjstev@msu.edu RI Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012 FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [2001.71]; U.S. EPA STAR [613361A, R830596010] FX We thank the many people who were involved in the collection, assembly, and analysis of these data, including all who worked on the Muskegon River Assessment and the Northern Lakes and Forests REMAP Study. We also thank the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment; Huron River Watershed Council staff and volunteers; the Stream, Algae, Invertebrates and Nutrients (SAIN) project team; and, all those who have contributed to the Michigan Rivers Inventory Project datasets. Our special thanks go to: Arthur Cooper, Travis Brendon, Vanessa Lougheed, Steven Rier, Kevin Wehrly, and Troy Zorn. We also thank various reviewers for constructive comments that much improved this manuscript. The work reported here was supported in part by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (2001.71), U.S. EPA STAR award (613361A), and U.S. EPA STAR (R830596010). NR 80 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 505 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.04.008 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XN UT WOS:000281654200014 ER PT J AU Dorr, BS Moerke, A Bur, M Bassett, C Aderman, T Traynor, D Singleton, RD Butchko, PH Taylor, JD AF Dorr, Brian S. Moerke, Ashley Bur, Michael Bassett, Chuck Aderman, Tony Traynor, Dan Singleton, Russell D. Butchko, Peter H. Taylor, Jimmy D., II TI Evaluation of harassment of migrating double-crested cormorants to limit depredation on selected sport fisheries in Michigan (vol 36, pg 215, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Dorr, Brian S.; Singleton, Russell D.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moerke, Ashley; Traynor, Dan] Lake Super State Univ, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Bur, Michael] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Bassett, Chuck] US Forest Serv, Escanaba, MI 49829 USA. [Aderman, Tony] Wildlife Serv, Gaylord, MI 49735 USA. [Butchko, Peter H.] Wildlife Serv, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [Taylor, Jimmy D., II] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Dorr, BS (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM brian.s.dorr@aphis.usda.gov OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 582 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.06.010 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XN UT WOS:000281654200022 ER PT J AU Rochester, CJ Brehme, CS Clark, DR Stokes, DC Hathaway, SA Fisher, RN AF Rochester, Carlton J. Brehme, Cheryl S. Clark, Denise R. Stokes, Drew C. Hathaway, Stacie A. Fisher, Robert N. TI Reptile and Amphibian Responses to Large-Scale Wildfires in Southern California SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PREY SELECTION; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; PRAIRIE; SCRUB; HERPETOFAUNA; LIZARDS AB In 2003, southern California experienced several large fires that burned thousands of hectares of wildlife habitats and conserved lands. To investigate the effects of these fires on the reptile and amphibian communities, we compared the results from prefire herpetofauna and vegetation sampling to two years of postfire sampling across 38 burned and 17 unburned plots. The sampling plots were spread over four vegetation types and four open space areas within San Diego County. Our capture results indicated that burned chaparral and coastal sage scrub plots lost herpetofaunal species diversity after the fires and displayed a significant shift in overall community structure. Shrub and tree cover at the burned plots, averaged across the second and third postfire years, had decreased by 53% in chaparral and 75% in coastal sage scrub. Additionally, postfire herpetofauna community structure at burned plots was more similar to that found in unburned grasslands. In grassland and woodland/riparian vegetation plots, where shrub and tree cover was not significantly affected by fires, we found no differences in the herpetofaunal species diversity or community composition. At the individual species level, Sceloporus occidentalis was the most abundant reptile in these areas both before and after the fires. We saw increases in the net capture rates for several lizard species, including Aspidoscelis tigris, Phrynosoma coronatum, and Uta stansburiana in burned chaparral plots and Aspidoscelis hyperythra and U. stansburiana in burned coastal sage scrub plots. The toad, Bufo boreas, was detected at significantly fewer burned plots in chaparral after the fires. Additionally, we documented decreases in the number of plots occupied by lizards (Elgaria multicarinata), salamanders (Batrachoseps major), and snakes (Coluber constrictor, Lampropeltis getula, Pituophis catenifer, and Masticophis lateralis) in coastal sage scrub and chaparral after the fires. We discuss the individual species results as they relate to such life-history traits as the susceptibility to initial mortality, the response to the altered postfire habitat, and shifts in the availability of potential prey. We foresee that a continued unnatural fire regime will result in a simplification of the southern California reptile and amphibian communities. C1 [Rochester, Carlton J.; Brehme, Cheryl S.; Clark, Denise R.; Stokes, Drew C.; Hathaway, Stacie A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Rochester, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM crochester@usgs.gov FU San Diego MSCP Initiative; San Diego Association of Governments-TransNet Environmental Mitigation; California Department of Fish and Game-Resource; Nature Conservancy; County of San Diego; U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center FX For the many hours of fieldwork, we thank D. Barhoum, C. Brown, E. Ervin, R. Haas, S. Hayden, A. Hebbert, A. Herring, R. Lovich, J. Macias, T. Matsuda, M. Mendelsohn, M. Mitrovich, and D. Wood. Thanks to J. Yee who provided statistical advice. This manuscript benefited greatly from reviews by P. Medica, A. Vandergast, M. Mitrovich, J. Yee, and the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped strengthen this paper. For site access, we thank the managers of the four study sites (T. Dillingham of California Department of Fish and Game; J. Stowers, B. Thompson, and J. Rundell of San Diego County Parks and Recreation Department; I. Kay of the University of California, San Diego-Elliott Chaparral Reserve; J. Schlachter and J. Byergo of Bureau of Land Management). All work was performed under U.S. Fish and Wildlife permit TE-045994-7 and individually held California Department of Fish and Game scientific collecting permits. Funding for this project was provided in part by the San Diego MSCP Initiative, the San Diego Association of Governments-TransNet Environmental Mitigation Program, the California Department of Fish and Game-Resource Assessment Program, The Nature Conservancy, the County of San Diego, and the U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center. See Fisher et al., 2002, for additional acknowledgments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 69 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 60 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 333 EP 351 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 652UL UT WOS:000282035700001 ER PT J AU Strickland, J Colbert, P Janzen, FJ AF Strickland, Jeramie Colbert, Paul Janzen, Fredric J. TI Experimental Analysis of Effects of Markers and Habitat Structure on Predation of Turtle Nests SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PAINTED TURTLE; SITE SELECTION; TEMPERATURE; INCREASES; SURVIVAL; DEPREDATION; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB Understanding how potential predator cues and habitat features affect predation of turtle nests is important because nest predators can influence the demographic structure of turtle populations. We constructed artificial turtle nests in an area used by nesting Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta) to investigate the relative importance of visual and olfactory signals (both natural and anthropogenic) and edge effects on nest predation. Overall, 34% of the simulated nests displayed evidence of predation. Neither rocks or flags used to mark nests (visual and olfactory cues left by researchers) nor slough water (an olfactory signal inadvertently shed by nesting turtles) significantly influenced predation rates. Instead, predators (most likely raccoons) located artificial nests based solely on surface soil disturbance and proximity to habitat edges. These results suggest that predators use key natural cues (as opposed to anthropogenic markers) and habitat edges to locate Painted Turtle nests, as noted in prior observational studies at this site. These findings provide useful experimental insights into the impact of anthropogenic markers, surface soil disturbance, and habitat edges on nesting turtles and their predators. C1 [Strickland, Jeramie; Colbert, Paul; Janzen, Fredric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Strickland, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi Natl Wild life & Fish Refuge, 7071 Riverview Rd, Thomson, IL 61285 USA. EM jeramie_strickland@fws.gov FU JTS; National Science Foundation [DEB-0089680, DEB-0604932]; PLC FX We thank the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources for allowing us to conduct this research. The 2005 Turtle Camp crew generously provided field assistance, and current members of the Janzen Lab and two anonymous reviewers offered helpful advice on the manuscript. J. Refsnider and D. Warner helped revise the figure. The Graduate Minority Assistantship Program and the Agricultural Experiment Station at Iowa State University supported JTS. National Science Foundation LTREB grants DEB-0089680 and DEB-0604932 to FJJ funded PLC and this research. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 467 EP 470 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 652UL UT WOS:000282035700015 ER PT J AU Wehmeyer, LL Weirich, FH AF Wehmeyer, Loren L. Weirich, Frank H. TI Effect of Historic Land Cover Change on Runoff Curve Number Estimation in Iowa SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Land usage; Surface drainage; Land surveys; History AB Within three decades of European-descended settlers arriving in Iowa, much of the land cover across the state was transformed from prairie and forest to farmland, patches of forest, and urbanized areas. Between 1832 and 1859, the General Land Office surveyed the state of Iowa to aid in the disbursement of land. In 1875, an illustrated atlas of the State of Iowa was published. Using these two data resources for classifying land cover, the hydrologic impact of the land cover change resulting from the first three decades of settlement is presented in terms of the effect on the area-weighted average curve number, a term commonly used to predict runoff from rainstorms. In the four watersheds studied, the area-weighted average curve number increased by a mean of 16.4 from 61.4 to 77.8 with the greatest magnitude of change occurring in the two western Iowa watersheds as opposed to the two more heavily forested eastern Iowa watersheds. C1 [Wehmeyer, Loren L.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC USA. [Weirich, Frank H.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Wehmeyer, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC USA. EM llwehmey@usgs.gov; frank-weirich@uiowa.edu NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 15 IS 9 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000234 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 639DN UT WOS:000280951100003 ER PT J AU Work, TM Aeby, GS AF Work, Thierry M. Aeby, Greta S. TI Wound repair in Montipora capitata SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Montipora capitata; Healing; Pathology; Scleractinia; Trauma; Coral ID REGENERATION; CORALS AB We documented the microscopic morphology of tissue healing in Montipora capitata. Fragments from two healthy coral colonies were traumatized by scraping tissue and skeleton and monitored in flow-through seawater tables every 2-4 days for 40 days for gross and cellular changes. Grossly, corals appeared healed and repigmented by Day 40. Histologically, traumatized issues were undistinguishable from intact untraumatized tissues by Day 12. We suspect that the calicoblastic epidermis of basal body wall is pluripotential and can develop into surface epidermis when needed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Work, Thierry M.; Aeby, Greta S.] USGS NWHC HFS, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Aeby, Greta S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), USGS NWHC HFS, POB 50167,300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 1 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2010.05.009 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 643YD UT WOS:000281335900016 PM 20471389 ER PT J AU Cisneros-Dozal, LM Heikoop, JM Fessenden, J Anderson, RS Meyers, PA Allen, CD Hess, M Larson, T Perkins, G Rearick, M AF Cisneros-Dozal, Luz M. Heikoop, Jeffrey M. Fessenden, Julianna Anderson, R. Scott Meyers, Philip A. Allen, Craig D. Hess, Marcey Larson, Toti Perkins, George Rearick, Michael TI A 15 000-year record of climate change in northern New Mexico, USA, inferred from isotopic and elemental contents of bog sediments SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lead; isotopic analyses; Late Pleistocene; Younger Dryas; Southwest, USA ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; YOUNGER DRYAS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BOTRYOCOCCUS-BRAUNII; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; GREAT-BASIN AB Elemental (C, N, Pb) and isotopic (delta C-13, delta N-15) measurements of cored sediment from a small bog in northern New Mexico reveal changes in climate during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Abrupt increases in Pb concentration and delta C-13 values ca. 14 420 cal. YBP indicate significant runoff to the shallow lake that existed at that time. Weathering and transport of local volcanic rocks resulted in the delivery of Pb-bearing minerals to the basin, while a C-13-enriched terrestrial vegetation source increased the delta C-13 values of the sedimentary material. Wet conditions developed over a 300 a period and lasted for a few hundred years. The Younger Dryas period (ca. 12 700-11 500 cal. YBP) caused a reduction in terrestrial productivity reflected in decreasing C/N values, delta N-15 values consistently greater than 0 parts per thousand and low organic content. By contrast, aquatic productivity increased during the second half of this period, evidenced by increasing delta C-13 values at the time of highest abundance of algae. Dry conditions ca. 8000-6 000 cal. YBP were characterised by low organic carbon content and high Pb concentrations, the latter suggesting enhanced erosion and aeolian transport of volcanic rock. The range in delta C-13, delta N-15 and C/N values in the sedimentary record fall within the range of modern plants, except during the periods of runoff and drought. The sedimentary record provides evidence of natural climate variability in northern New Mexico, including short- (multi-centennial) and long-(millennial) term episodes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cisneros-Dozal, Luz M.; Heikoop, Jeffrey M.; Fessenden, Julianna; Hess, Marcey; Larson, Toti; Perkins, George; Rearick, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Meyers, Philip A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Cisneros-Dozal, LM (reprint author), NERC, Radiocarbon Lab, Scottish Enterprise Technol Pk,Rankine Ave, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. EM M.Cisneros@nercrcl.gla.ac.uk RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; OI Meyers, Philip/0000-0002-9709-7528; Larson, Toti/0000-0002-2291-5979; Heikoop, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7648-3385 FU Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) FX We would like to thank Dr Mark Brenner and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments that helped to improve this paper. We thank Will Barnes for identification of plant species and personnel of the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California Davis for C and N analyses of plant material and sediment samples. We thank Crystal Ray for help with Pb extractions. This work was supported by the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). We also acknowledge original support from the US Geological Survey (Western Mountain Initiative). Laboratory of Paleoecology Contribution 121. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0267-8179 EI 1099-1417 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1007 DI 10.1002/jqs.1387 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 650OL UT WOS:000281858800018 ER PT J AU Booms, TL Schempf, PF McCaffery, BJ Lindberg, MS Fuller, MR AF Booms, Travis L. Schempf, Philip F. McCaffery, Brian J. Lindberg, Mark S. Fuller, Mark R. TI DETECTION PROBABILITY OF CLIFF-NESTING RAPTORS DURING HELICOPTER AND FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT SURVEYS IN WESTERN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; Gyrfalcon; Falco rusticolus; Rough-legged Hawk; Buteo lagopus; aerial survey; detection probability ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; BIRD SURVEYS; POPULATION; INDEXES; COUNTS; EAGLES; RATES; OWLS AB We conducted repeated aerial surveys for breeding cliff-nesting raptors on the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (YDNWR) in western Alaska to estimate detection probabilities of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus), Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus), and also Common Ravens (Corms corax). Using the program PRESENCE, we modeled detection histories of each species based on single species occupancy modeling. We used different observers during four helicopter replicate surveys in the Kilbuck Mountains and five fixed-wing replicate surveys in the Ingakslugwat Hills near Bethel, AK. During helicopter surveys, Gyrfalcons had the highest detection probability estimate ((p) over cap; (p) over cap = 0.79; SE 0.05), followed by Golden Eagles ((p) over cap = 0.68; SE 0.05), Common Ravens ((p) over cap = 0.45; SE 0.17), and Rough-legged Hawks ((p) over cap = 0.10; SE 0.11). Detection probabilities from fixed-wing aircraft in the Ingakslugwat Hills were similar to those from the helicopter in the Kilbuck Mountains for Gyrfalcons and Golden Eagles, but were higher for Common Ravens ((p) over cap = 0.85; SE 0.06) and Rough-legged Hawks ((p) over cap = 0.42; SE 0.07). Fixed-wing aircraft provided detection probability estimates and SEs in the Ingakslugwat Hills similar to or better than those from helicopter surveys in the Kilbucks and should be considered for future cliff:nesting raptor surveys where safe, low-altitude flight is possible. Overall, detection probability varied by observer experience and in some cases, by study area/aircraft type. C1 [Booms, Travis L.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Booms, Travis L.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Fuller, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Booms, TL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Divers Program, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM travis.booms@alaska.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Migratory Birds Raptor Management Office; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); University of Alaska; Alaska Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Diversity FX This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Migratory Birds Raptor Management Office. TLB was supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship, a University of Alaska Fairbanks Thesis Completion Fellowship, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Diversity Program while conducting portions of this work. The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. We thank F. Broerman and J. Spice for conducting replicate surveys and for valuable input. YDNWR provided essential logistical support. We thank S. Hermens of Hermens Helicopters and H. Twitchell of YDNWR for piloting survey replicates and providing constructive feedback and insights. D.E. Andersen, D.R. Diefenbach, D.H. Johnson, and L. Neel provided useful reviews of draft manuscripts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although PFS and BJM are employees of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Service. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.3356/JRR-09-70.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 647PJ UT WOS:000281630500002 ER PT J AU Briggs, CW Woodbridge, B Collopy, MW AF Briggs, Christopher W. Woodbridge, Brian Collopy, Michael W. TI INHERITANCE PATTERNS OF PLUMAGE MORPH IN SWAINSON'S HAWKS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; inheritance; melanism; morph; plumage ID GENETIC-BASIS; MATE CHOICE; POLYMORPHISM; BIRDS; EVOLUTION C1 [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Woodbridge, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. [Collopy, Michael W.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Briggs, CW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM chriswbriggs@yahoo.com FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the countless number of field technicians and volunteers for contributing their time and energy to this project, as well as supplying pictures to aid in this analysis. P.R. Lemons and the UNR EECB paper discussion group provided feedback on early drafts of this manuscript. The U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Partners in Flight provided financial and logistical support for this project. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 232 EP 235 DI 10.3356/JRR-09-83.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 647PJ UT WOS:000281630500009 ER PT J AU McCarthy, KP DeStefano, S Laskowski, T AF McCarthy, Kyle P. DeStefano, Stephen Laskowski, Tom TI BALD EAGLE PREDATION ON COMMON LOON EGG SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Common Loon; Gavia immer; egg predation; Maine ID GAVIA-IMMER C1 [McCarthy, Kyle P.; DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Laskowski, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Errol, NH 03579 USA. RP McCarthy, KP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM kyle.mccarthy@ufl.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 249 EP 251 DI 10.3356/JRR-09-72.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 647PJ UT WOS:000281630500014 ER PT J AU Daraio, JA Weber, LJ Newton, TJ AF Daraio, Joseph A. Weber, Larry J. Newton, Teresa J. TI Hydrodynamic modeling of juvenile mussel dispersal in a large river: the potential effects of bed shear stress and other parameters SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ecohydraulics; mussel dispersal; shear stress; CFD; hydroecology; thresholds ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; HAWKESBURY-NEPEAN RIVER; UNIONID MUSSELS; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; LOWLAND RIVER; BIVALVIA; ECOLOGY; FLOW; RECRUITMENT AB Because unionid mussels have a parasitic larval stage, they are able to disperse upstream and downstream as larvae while attached to their host fish and with flow as juveniles after excystment from the host. Understanding unionid population ecology requires knowledge of the processes that affect juvenile dispersal prior to establishment. We examined presettlement (transport and dispersion with flow) and early postsettlement (bed shear stress) hydraulic processes as negative censoring mechanisms. Our approach was to model dispersal using particle tracking through a 3-dimensional flow field output from hydrodynamic models of a reach of the Upper Mississippi River. We tested the potential effects of bed shear stress (tau(b)) at 5 flow rates on juvenile mussel dispersal and quantified the magnitude of these effects as a function of flow rate. We explored the reach-scale relationships of Froude number (Fr), water depth (H), local bed slope (S), and unit stream power (QS) with the likelihood of juvenile settling (lambda). We ran multiple dispersal simulations at each flow rate to estimate lambda, the parameter of a Poisson distribution, from the number of juveniles settling in each grid cell, and calculated dispersal distances. Virtual juveniles that settled in areas of the river where tau(b) > critical shear stress (tau(c)) were resuspended in the flow and transported further downstream, so we ran simulations at 3 different conditions for tau(c) (tau(c) = infinity [no resuspension], 0.1, and 0.05 N/m(2)). Differences in virtual juvenile dispersal distance were significantly dependent upon re and flow rate, and effects of tau(b) on settling distribution were dependent upon tc. Most simulations resulted in positive correlations between lambda and tau(b), results suggesting that during early postsettlement, tau(b) might be the primary determinant of juvenile settling distribution. Negative correlations between lambda and tau(b) occurred in some simulations, a result suggesting that physical or biological presettlement processes might determine juvenile settling distributions. Field data are needed to test these hypotheses. Results support the idea that flow patterns and tau(b) can act as negative censoring mechanisms controlling settling distributions. Furthermore, a river reach probably has a quantifiable threshold range of flow rates. Above the upper threshold, tau(b) probably is the primary determinant of juvenile settling distribution. Relationships of lambda with Fr, S. and QS were relatively weak. Important physical processes that affect dispersal probably are not captured by approximations based on large-scale hydraulic parameters, such as Fr and H. C1 [Daraio, Joseph A.; Weber, Larry J.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab 100, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Daraio, JA (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Management Utilizat & Protect Water Resources, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM joseph.a.daraio@gmail.com; larry-weber@uiowa.edu; tnewton@usgs.gov OI Daraio, Joe/0000-0001-5591-4465; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU IIHR Hydroscience Engineering FX This research was funded by IIHR Hydroscience & Engineering. We would like to thank John Nestler, Nate Young, George Constantinescu, Keri Hornbuckle, Andy McCoy, and Steve Zigler for their contributions to this research. Barry Payne, Caryn Vaughn, and 3 anonymous referees made helpful comments on previous drafts. Product names are provided for informational purposes only and do not represent an endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 31 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 838 EP 851 DI 10.1899/09-118.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 635XY UT WOS:000280692400005 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Considerations for Developing Wolf Harvesting Regulations in the Contiguous United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; conservation; endangered species; harvest; hunting; management; wolf ID MINNESOTA; WOLVES AB As gray wolves (Canis lupus) are removed from the federal Endangered Species List, management reverts to the states. Eventually most states will probably allow public wolf harvesting. Open seasons between about 1 November and 1 March accord more with basic wolf biology than during other times. Managers who consider wolf biology and public sensitivities, adapt public-taking regulations accordingly, and adjust harvest regulations as they learn will be best able to maximize the recreational value of wolf harvesting, minimize public animosity toward it, and meet their harvest objectives. C1 No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu FU Biological Resources Discipline of the United States Geological Survey FX My study was supported by the Biological Resources Discipline of the United States Geological Survey. L. G. Adams, E. Bangs, C. Niemeyer, R. R. Ream, and J. Hart reviewed earlier drafts and offered helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1421 EP 1424 DI 10.2193/2009-540 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 644GF UT WOS:000281361200002 ER PT J AU Clark, JD Eastridge, R Hooker, MJ AF Clark, Joseph D. Eastridge, Rick Hooker, Michael J. TI Effects of Exploitation on Black Bear Populations at White River National Wildlife Refuge SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; black bear; DNA; population growth; robust design; Ursus americanus; White River ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; GENETIC-VARIATION; URSUS-AMERICANUS; MARK-RECAPTURE; ROBUST DESIGN; ARKANSAS; LOUISIANA; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION AB We live-trapped American black bears (Ursus americanus) and sampled DNA from hair at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas, USA, to estimate annual population size (N), growth (lambda), and density. We estimated N and lambda with open population models, based on live-trapping data collected from 1998 through 2006, and robust design models for genotyped hair samples collected from 2004 through 2007. Population growth was weakly negative (i.e., 95% CI included 1.0) for males (0.901, 95% CI = 0.645-1.156) and strongly negative (i.e., 95% CI excluded 1.0) for females (0.846, 95% CI = 0.711-0.981), based on live-trapping data, with N from 1999 to 2006 ranging from 94.1 (95% CI = 70.3-137.1) to 45.2 (95% CI = 27.1-109.3), respectively, for males and from 151.4 (95% CI = 127.6-185.8) to 47.1 (95% CI = 24.4-140.4), respectively, for females. Likewise, mean annual l based on hair-sampling data was weakly negative for males (0.742, 95% CI = 0.043-1.441) and strongly negative for females (0.782, 95% CI = 0.661-0.903), with abundance estimates from 2004 to 2007 ranging from 29.1 (95% CI = 21.2-65.8) to 11.9 (95% CI = 11.0-26.9), respectively, for males and from 54.4 (95% CI = 44.3-77.1) to 27.4 (95% CI = 24.9-36.6), respectively, for females. We attribute the decline in the number of females in this isolated population to a decrease in survival caused by a past translocation program and by hunting adjacent to the refuge. We suggest that managers restructure the quota-based harvest limits until these growth rates recover. C1 [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, So Appalachian Field Branch, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eastridge, Rick] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. [Hooker, Michael J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, So Appalachian Field Branch, US Geol Survey, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; University of Tennessee Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries; United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; the University of Tennessee Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries; the United States Geological Survey; and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for providing funding, housing, personnel, vehicles, and other resources. Special thanks go to E. Ferrell and D. Lunsford for coordinating much of the field activities and to all the dedicated personnel from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, White River NWR, and countless technicians and volunteers for their assistance on our project. We are grateful to D. Paetkau and others at his laboratory for their conscientious efforts to genotype our challenging data set. Finally, we express our appreciation to M. Pelton, K. Kendall, and J. Nichols and the editors and anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1448 EP 1456 DI 10.2193/2009-529 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 644GF UT WOS:000281361200005 ER PT J AU Doherty, KE Naugle, DE Walker, BL AF Doherty, Kevin E. Naugle, David E. Walker, Brett L. TI Greater Sage-Grouse Nesting Habitat: The Importance of Managing at Multiple Scales SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; habitat selection; landscape; nesting; resource selection function; sagebrush; sage-grouse; scale ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; WINTER HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; METAANALYSIS; PREDATION; SUCCESS; EDGE; DECOMPOSITION; POPULATIONS AB Considering habitat selection at multiple scales is essential to fully understand habitat requirements and management needs for wildlife species of concern. We used a hierarchical information-theoretic approach and variance decomposition techniques to analyze habitat selection using local-scale habitat variables measured in the field and landscape-scale variables derived with a Geographic Information System (GIS) for nesting greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Powder River Basin (PRB), Montana and Wyoming, USA, 2003-2007. We investigated relationships between habitat features that can and cannot be mapped in a GIS to provide insights into interpretation of landscape-scale-only GIS models. We produced models of habitat selection at both local and landscape scales and across scales, yet multiscale models had overwhelming statistical and biological support. Variance decomposition showed that local-scale measures explained the most pure variation (50%) in sage-grouse nesting-habitat selection. Landscape-scale features explained 20% of pure variation and shared 30% with local-scale features. Both local-and landscape-scale habitat features are important in sage-grouse nesting-habitat selection because each scale explained both pure and shared variation. Our landscape-scale model was accurate in predicting priority landscapes where sage-grouse nests would occur and is, therefore, useful in providing landscape context for management decisions. It accurately predicted locations of independent sage-grouse nests (validation R(2) = 0.99) and showed good discriminatory ability with >90% of nests located within only 40% of the study area. Our landscape-scale model also accurately predicted independent lek locations. We estimated twice the amount of predicted nesting habitat within 3 km of leks compared to random locations in the PRB. Likewise we estimated 1.8 times more predicted nesting habitat within 10 km of leks compared to random locations. These results support predictions of the hotspot theory of lek placement. Local-scale habitat variables that cannot currently be mapped in a GIS strongly influence sage-grouse nest-site selection, but only within priority nesting habitats defined at the landscape scale. Our results indicate that habitat treatments for nesting sage-grouse applied in areas with an unsuitable landscape context are unlikely to achieve desired conservation results. C1 [Doherty, Kevin E.] Natl Audubon Soc, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Naugle, David E.; Walker, Brett L.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Doherty, KE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM kevin_doherty@fws.gov FU Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Montana and Wyoming; BLM in Washington, D.C.; United States Department of Energy; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Science Foundation; Montana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Petroleum Association of Wyoming; Western Gas Resources Incorporated; Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation; Bighorn Environmental Consulting; Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc; Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation; The Hewlett Foundation; University of Montana FX Comments by B. Collier, C. Hagen, and 3 anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. We thank numerous landowners in the PRB that granted access to private lands. J. Hess, K. Keith, D. Nonne, and F. Sutti provided leadership and assistance in the field. Funding was provided by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Montana and Wyoming. Additional project support came from the BLM in Washington, D.C., United States Department of Energy, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Science Foundation (EPS-CORE program), Montana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Western Gas Resources Incorporated, Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation, Bighorn Environmental Consulting, Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc., Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation, The Hewlett Foundation, and the University of Montana. NR 58 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1544 EP 1553 DI 10.2193/2009-043 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 644GF UT WOS:000281361200016 ER PT J AU Balkcom, GD Garrettson, PR Padding, PI AF Balkcom, Gregory D. Garrettson, Pamela R. Padding, Paul I. TI Predicting Wood Duck Harvest Rates in Eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aix sponsa; bag limit; harvest rate; multiple regression; regulations; season length; wood duck ID BAND REPORTING RATES; REWARD BAND; MALLARDS; WATERFOWL; VARIANCE AB We developed a method for predicting wood duck (Aix sponsa) harvest rates in eastern North America using waterfowl banding and recovery data, annual indices of hunter numbers, and harvest survey data from the United States and Canada. We predicted that under the current season length (60 days), if hunter numbers remain unchanged, increasing the wood duck bag limit from 2 to 3 would increase harvest of adult male wood ducks in the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways by 12.3%, causing an increase in harvest rate of 7.1% from 0.087 to 0.093. The Flyway Councils and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service can consider this information to predict the impacts of regulatory changes. C1 [Balkcom, Gregory D.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Game Management Sect, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Garrettson, Pamela R.; Padding, Paul I.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Balkcom, GD (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Game Management Sect, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. EM greg.balkcom@dnr.state.ga.us FU Atlantic and Mississippi Flyway Councils and Technical Sections; Wildlife Restoration Program FX We thank D. Holm, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, for his input and support during data analysis; M. Gendron, Canadian Wildlife Service, for providing bag check data from eastern Canada; and K. Richkus, USFWS, for providing bag check data from the United States. We thank the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyway Councils and Technical Sections and we also recognize the Wildlife Restoration Program for partial funding of this project. Findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS or the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1575 EP 1579 DI 10.2193/2009-289 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 644GF UT WOS:000281361200020 ER PT J AU Fernandez, JRR Pinkerton, ME Heisey, DM Drees, R Schneider, J Stickney, L Hofmeister, EK Guzman, DSM AF Fernandez, Julia Rodriguez-Ramos Pinkerton, Marie E. Heisey, Dennis M. Drees, Randi Schneider, Jay Stickney, Lacey Hofmeister, Erik K. Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon TI ELODONTOMA IN CAPTIVE SOUTHERN RED-BACKED VOLES (MYODES GAPPERI) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Elodontoma; genetic factors; Myodes gapperi; persistent trauma; southern red-backed voles ID COWPOX VIRUS-INFECTION; MICROTUS-AGRESTIS; BANK VOLES; DISEASE; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Five southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) of the first generation of a wild-caught breeding colony were presented with lesions at the maxillary incisors consistent with elodontoma. The affected animals had a history of chronic weight loss, were >16 months of age. and were siblings. Radiographs of the head showed multiglobular to irregularly outlined mineral opacity masses at the apices of the maxillary incisors. On necropsy, maxillary incisor teeth were not grossly visible, and a gingival ulceration was observed at the expected site of eruption. Microscopically, the apical region of the maxillary incisors was thickened or replaced by irregular dental tissue masses consistent with elodontoma. This is the first report to describe elodontoma in red-hacked voles. C1 [Fernandez, Julia Rodriguez-Ramos; Pinkerton, Marie E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heisey, Dennis M.; Schneider, Jay; Stickney, Lacey; Hofmeister, Erik K.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Drees, Randi; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fernandez, JRR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jrodriguez-ramos@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Service FX Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This project was funded by the United States Geological Service. The authors would also like to thank C. Johnson and J. C. Franson for their comments. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1638/2009-0244.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 651EC UT WOS:000281906500029 ER PT J AU Baum, R Godt, J AF Baum, Rex L. Godt, Jonathan W. TI Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE Shallow landslides; Debris flow; Early warning; Threshold; Precipitation ID DURATION CONTROL; WASHINGTON; SEATTLE; INTENSITY; COLORADO AB The state of knowledge and resources available to issue alerts of precipitation-induced landslides vary across the USA. Federal and state agencies currently issue warnings of the potential for shallow, rapidly moving landslides and debris flows in a few areas along the Pacific coast and for areas affected by Atlantic hurricanes. However, these agencies generally lack resources needed to provide continuous support or to expand services to other areas. Precipitation thresholds that form the basis of landslide warning systems now exist for a few areas of the USA, but the threshold rainfall amounts and durations vary over three orders of magnitude nationwide and over an order of magnitude across small geographic areas such as a county. Antecedent moisture conditions also have a significant effect, particularly in areas that have distinct wet and dry seasons. Early warnings of shallow landslides that include specific information about affected areas, probability of landslide occurrence, and expected timing are technically feasible as illustrated by a case study from the Seattle, WA area. The four-level warning scheme (Null, Outlook, Watch, Warning) defined for Seattle is based on observed or predicted exceedance of a cumulative precipitation threshold and a rainfall intensity-duration threshold combined with real-time monitoring of soil moisture. Based on analysis of historical data, threshold performance varies according to precipitation characteristics, and threshold exceedance corresponds to a given probability of landslide occurrence. Experience in Seattle during December 2004 and January 2005 illustrates some of the challenges of providing landslide early warning on the USA West Coast. C1 [Baum, Rex L.; Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Baum, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM baum@usgs.gov OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 NR 70 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 15 U2 64 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD SEP PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10346-009-0177-0 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 637VA UT WOS:000280845600005 ER PT J AU Williams, GJ Knapp, IS Maragos, JE Davy, SK AF Williams, Gareth J. Knapp, Ingrid S. Maragos, James E. Davy, Simon K. TI Modeling patterns of coral bleaching at a remote Central Pacific atoll SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Modeling coral bleaching; 2009 ENSO; Temperature; Turbidity; Sand cover; Palmyra Atoll ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE-VARIATION; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; THERMAL TOLERANCE; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION AB A mild bleaching event (9.2% prevalence) at Palmyra Atoll occurred in response to the 2009 ENSO, when mean water temperature reached 29.8-30.1 degrees C. Prevalence among both abundant and sparse taxa varied with no clear pattern in susceptibility relating to coral morphology. Seven taxon-specific models showed that turbidity exacerbated while prior exposure to higher background temperatures alleviated bleaching, with these predictors explaining an average 16.3% and 11.5% variation in prevalence patterns, respectively. Positive associations occurred between bleaching prevalence and both immediate temperature during the bleaching event (average 8.4% variation explained) and increased sand cover (average 3.7%). Despite these associations, mean unexplained variation in prevalence equalled 59%. Lower bleaching prevalence in areas experiencing higher background temperatures suggests acclimation to temperature stress among several coral genera, while WWII modifications may still be impacting the reefs via shoreline sediment re-distribution and increased turbidity, exacerbating coral bleaching susceptibility during periods of high temperature stress. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Gareth J.; Knapp, Ingrid S.; Davy, Simon K.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Williams, Gareth J.; Knapp, Ingrid S.; Davy, Simon K.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Ctr Marine Environm & Econ Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Williams, GJ (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, POB 600, Wellington, New Zealand. EM info@garethjwilliams.net; simon.davy@vuw.ac.nz RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 FU National Geographic Society; Victoria University of Wellington FX We thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy for granting access to the refuge and logistical support. Thanks to Jonathan Gardner for additional water temperature data, Amanda Myers for assistance with sedimentation data collection, and Kydd Pollock, Brad Kintz, and John Svenson for field logistics. Thanks also to Eric Conklin and everyone within the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). Lastly, thanks to John Cohen for assistance with preparation of the map figure. The research was, in part, funded by a grant from The National Geographic Society awarded to SKD. GJW is supported by a Victoria University of Wellington Vice-Chancellor's Strategic Research Scholarship and a New Zealand International Doctoral Research Scholarship. This work was conducted under the special use permit 12533-09015 granted by the United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 105 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1467 EP 1476 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 653FY UT WOS:000282075500020 PM 20541228 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA Brightbill, RA Langland, MJ AF Cravotta, Charles A., III Brightbill, Robin A. Langland, Michael J. TI Abandoned Mine Drainage in the Swatara Creek Basin, Southern Anthracite Coalfield, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Stream Water Quality Trends Coinciding with the Return of Fish SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Acidification; Acid mine drainage; Aquatic restoration; Fish; Metals; Storm flow; Sulfate ID TOXIC METALS; LONG-TERM; RECOVERY; ALUMINUM; ACIDIFICATION; LOADS; RIVER; IRON; REMEDIATION; SIMULATION AB Acidic mine drainage (AMD) from legacy anthracite mines has contaminated Swatara Creek in eastern Pennsylvania. Intermittently collected base-flow data for 1959-1986 indicate that fish were absent immediately downstream from the mined area where pH ranged from 3.5 to 7.2 and concentrations of sulfate, dissolved iron, and dissolved aluminum were as high as 250, 2.0, and 4.7 mg/L, respectively. However, in the 1990s, fish returned to upper Swatara Creek, coinciding with the implementation of AMD treatment (limestone drains, limestone diversion wells, limestone sand, constructed wetlands) in the water shed. During 1996-2006, as many as 25 species of fish were identified in the reach downstream from the mined area, with base-flow pH from 5.8 to 7.6 and concentrations of sulfate, dissolved iron, and dissolved aluminum as high as 120, 1.2, and 0.43 mg/L, respectively. Several of the fish taxa are intolerant of pollution and low pH, such as river chub (Nocomis micropogon) and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Cold-water species such as brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and warm-water species such as rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) varied in predominance depending on stream flow and stream temperature. Storm flow data for 1996-2007 indicated pH, alkalinity, and sulfate concentrations decreased as the stream flow and associated storm-runoff component increased, whereas iron and other metal concentrations were poorly correlated with stream flow because of hysteresis effects (greater metal concentrations during rising stage than falling stage). Prior to 1999, pH < 5.0 was recorded during several storm events; however, since the implementation of AMD treatments, pH has been maintained near neutral. Flow-adjusted trends for 1997-2006 indicated significant increases in calcium; decreases in hydrogen ion, dissolved aluminum, dissolved and total manganese, and total iron; and no change in sulfate or dissolved iron in Swatara Creek immediately downstream from the mined area. The increased pH and calcium from limestone in treatment systems can be important for mitigating toxic effects of dissolved metals. Thus, treatment of AMD during the 1990s improved pH buffering, reduced metals transport, and helped to decrease metals toxicity to fish. C1 [Cravotta, Charles A., III; Brightbill, Robin A.; Langland, Michael J.] USGS PA Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), USGS PA Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov FU PaDEP; Schuylkill Conservation District; US EPA; US DOE; USGS FX This research was supported by the PaDEP and the Schuylkill Conservation District with funding through the US EPA Non-point Point Source National Monitoring Program, the US DOE, and the USGS Cooperative Water-Resources Program. The first author is grateful to Roger J. Hornberger and Daniel J. Koury of PaDEP for their sustained support. Jeffrey J. Chaplin, Emily Eggler, Heather Eggleston, Katherine Tuers Brayton, Suzanne J. Ward, Jeffrey B. Weitzel, Kovaldas "KB'' Balciauskas, Michael D. Bilger, and John Rote, presently or formerly at USGS, are acknowledged for critical assistance with field work and data processing. Although many individuals assisted during annual fish surveys, Robert Schott of PaDEP warrants special thanks for providing vital expertise and equipment for fish capture and identification during several years of the study. The authors also wish to acknowledge constructive reviews of the manuscript by Kevin J. Breen and Robert Runkel of USGS, John Arway of the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Christopher H. Gammons of Montana Tech, and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 176 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s10230-010-0112-6 PG 24 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 661PG UT WOS:000282739600003 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA AF Cravotta, Charles A., III TI Abandoned Mine Drainage in the Swatara Creek Basin, Southern Anthracite Coalfield, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Performance of Treatment Systems SO MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Coal mines; Diversion well; Limestone sand; Limestone channel; Limestone drain; Wetland ID LIMESTONE DRAINS; DISSOLVED METALS AB A variety of passive and semi-passive treatment systems were constructed by state and local agencies to neutralize acidic mine drainage (AMD) and reduce the transport of dissolved metals in the upper Swatara Creek Basin in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield in eastern Pennsylvania. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected treatment systems installed during 1995-2001, the US Geological Survey collected water-quality data at upstream and downstream locations relative to each system eight or more times annually for a minimum of 3 years at each site during 1996-2007. Performance was normalized among treatment types by dividing the acid load removed by the size of the treatment system. For the limestone sand, open limestone channel, oxic limestone drain, anoxic limestone drain (ALD), and limestone diversion well treatment systems, the size was indicated by the total mass of limestone; for the aerobic wetland systems, the size was indicated by the total surface area of ponds and wetlands. Additionally, the approximate cost per tonne of acid treated over an assumed service life of 20 years was computed. On the basis of these performance metrics, the limestone sand, ALD, oxic limestone drain, and limestone diversion wells had similar ranges of acid-removal efficiency and cost efficiency. However, the open limestone channel had lower removal efficiency and higher cost per ton of acid treated. The wetlands effectively attenuated metals transport but were relatively expensive considering metrics that evaluated acid removal and cost efficiency. Although the water-quality data indicated that all treatments reduced the acidity load from AMD, the ALD was most effective at producing near-neutral pH and attenuating acidity and dissolved metals. The diversion wells were effective at removing acidity and increasing pH of downstream water and exhibited unique potential to treat moderate to high flows associated with storm flow conditions. C1 USGS Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), USGS Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov FU PaDEP; Schuylkill Conservation District; USEPA; USDOE; USGS FX This research was supported by the PaDEP and the Schuylkill Conservation District with funding from the USEPA Nonpoint Point Source National Monitoring Program, the USDOE, and the USGS Cooperative Water-Resources Program. The author is grateful to Roger J. Hornberger and Daniel J. Koury of PaDEP for their sustained support. Jeffrey J. Chaplin, Emily Eggler, Katherine Tuers Brayton, Suzanne J. Ward, Jeffrey B. Weitzel, and Kovaldas "KB'' Balciauskas presently or formerly at USGS, are acknowledged for critical assistance with field work and data processing. Helpful reviews of early drafts of the manuscript were provided by Michael J. Langland, Ralph J. Haefner, J. Kent Crawford, and Kevin J. Breen of USGS, and Christopher H. Gammons of Montana Tech, and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1025-9112 J9 MINE WATER ENVIRON JI Mine Water Environ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 200 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s10230-010-0113-5 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 661PG UT WOS:000282739600004 ER PT J AU Meeuwig, MH Guy, CS Kalinowski, ST Fredenberg, WA AF Meeuwig, Michael H. Guy, Christopher S. Kalinowski, Steven T. Fredenberg, Wade A. TI Landscape influences on genetic differentiation among bull trout populations in a stream-lake network SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barriers; bull trout; isolation by distance; landscape genetics ID COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; BROOK CHARR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; DOLLY-VARDEN; LIFE-HISTORY; DIVERSITY; FONTINALIS; BARRIERS; DISTANCE AB This study examined the influence of landscape heterogeneity on genetic differentiation between migratory bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations in Glacier National Park, Montana. An information-theoretic approach was used to compare different conceptual models of dispersal associated with barriers, different models of isolation by distance, and the combined effects of barriers, waterway distance, patch size, and intra- and inter-drainage distribution of populations on genetic differentiation between bull trout populations. The effect of distance between populations on genetic differentiation was best explained by partitioning the effects of mainstem and tributary stream sections. Models that categorized barriers as having a one-way effect (i.e. allowed downstream dispersal) or a two-way effect were best supported. Additionally, patch size and the distribution of populations among drainages influenced genetic differentiation. Genetic differentiation between bull trout populations in Glacier National Park is linked to landscape features that restrict dispersal. However, this analysis illustrates that modelling variability within landscape features, such as dispersal corridors, will benefit landscape genetic analyses. Additionally, the framework used for evaluating the effects of barriers must consider not just barrier presence, but also potential asymmetries in barrier effects with respect to the organism under investigation. C1 [Meeuwig, Michael H.; Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kalinowski, Steven T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fredenberg, Wade A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Fish & Wildlife Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Meeuwig, MH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM meeuwig@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US National Park Service; National Science Foundation [DEB 0717456] FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US National Park Service, and the National Science Foundation (DEB 0717456). H. Hodges, C. Penne, D. Pewitt, L. Rose, and S. Townsend provided assistance during field sampling for this project. B. Michels, J. Potter, J. Tilmant and Glacier National Park personnel provided administrative and logistical support. W. Ardren, P. DeHaan, and N. Vu provided laboratory assistance. P. Brown, J. Dunham, A. Hansen, T. McMahon, and three anonymous reviewers provided critical comments on early drafts of this manuscript. Use of trade or firm names in this document is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of a product or service by the US Government. NR 51 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 19 IS 17 SI SI BP 3620 EP 3633 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04655.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 643HC UT WOS:000281285200010 PM 20723065 ER PT J AU Murphy, MA Dezzani, R Pilliod, DS Storfer, A AF Murphy, M. A. Dezzani, R. Pilliod, D. S. Storfer, A. TI Landscape genetics of high mountain frog metapopulations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; functional connectivity; gene flow; gravity model; landscape genetics; metapopulation ID PARTIAL MANTEL TESTS; RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; LONG-TOED SALAMANDER; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; RANA-LUTEIVENTRIS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; UNITED-STATES; GRAVITY MODEL; CONSERVATION; CONNECTIVITY AB Explaining functional connectivity among occupied habitats is crucial for understanding metapopulation dynamics and species ecology. Landscape genetics has primarily focused on elucidating how ecological features between observations influence gene flow. Functional connectivity, however, may be the result of both these between-site (landscape resistance) landscape characteristics and at-site (patch quality) landscape processes that can be captured using network based models. We test hypotheses of functional connectivity that include both between-site and at-site landscape processes in metapopulations of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) by employing a novel justification of gravity models for landscape genetics (eight microsatellite loci, 37 sites, n = 441). Primarily used in transportation and economic geography, gravity models are a unique approach as flow (e.g. gene flow) is explained as a function of three basic components: distance between sites, production/attraction (e.g. at-site landscape process) and resistance (e.g. between-site landscape process). The study system contains a network of nutrient poor high mountain lakes where we hypothesized a short growing season and complex topography between sites limit R. luteiventris gene flow. In addition, we hypothesized production of offspring is limited by breeding site characteristics such as the introduction of predatory fish and inherent site productivity. We found that R. luteiventris connectivity was negatively correlated with distance between sites, presence of predatory fish (at-site) and topographic complexity (between-site). Conversely, site productivity (as measured by heat load index, at-site) and growing season (as measured by frost-free period between-sites) were positively correlated with gene flow. The negative effect of predation and positive effect of site productivity, in concert with bottleneck tests, support the presence of source-sink dynamics. In conclusion, gravity models provide a powerful new modelling approach for examining a wide range of both basic and applied questions in landscape genetics. C1 [Murphy, M. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dezzani, R.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pilliod, D. S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Storfer, A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Murphy, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM melanie.murphy@colostate.edu RI Murphy, Melanie/D-2605-2009 FU USGS-Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI); EPA-STAR [FP-916695]; NSF-DDIG [DEB-0608458]; James King fellowship; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX This work is part of a larger interdisciplinary project on R. luteiventris connectivity in the Bighorn Crags funded by USGS-Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Additional support for MAM was provided by EPA-STAR fellowship (FP-916695), NSF-DDIG (grant DEB-0608458 to AS and MAM) and the James King fellowship. The research described in this paper has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 94 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 94 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 19 IS 17 SI SI BP 3634 EP 3649 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04723.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 643HC UT WOS:000281285200011 PM 20723055 ER PT J AU Sork, VL Davis, FW Westfall, R Flint, A Ikegami, M Wang, HF Grivet, D AF Sork, Victoria L. Davis, Frank W. Westfall, Robert Flint, Alan Ikegami, Makihiko Wang, Hongfang Grivet, Delphine TI Gene movement and genetic association with regional climate gradients in California valley oak (Quercus lobata Nee) in the face of climate change SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite; climate change; climate envelope; environmental gradients; landscape genetics ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; WIND-POLLINATED TREE; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; CONTRASTING PATTERNS; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; NATURAL-SELECTION; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS AB Rapid climate change jeopardizes tree populations by shifting current climate zones. To avoid extinction, tree populations must tolerate, adapt, or migrate. Here we investigate geographic patterns of genetic variation in valley oak, Quercus lobata Nee, to assess how underlying genetic structure of populations might influence this species' ability to survive climate change. First, to understand how genetic lineages shape spatial genetic patterns, we examine historical patterns of colonization. Second, we examine the correlation between multivariate nuclear genetic variation and climatic variation. Third, to illustrate how geographic genetic variation could interact with regional patterns of 21st Century climate change, we produce region-specific bioclimatic distributions of valley oak using Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) models based on downscaled historical (1971-2000) and future (2070-2100) climate grids. Future climatologies are based on a moderate-high (A2) carbon emission scenario and two different global climate models. Chloroplast markers indicate historical range-wide connectivity via colonization, especially in the north. Multivariate nuclear genotypes show a strong association with climate variation that provides opportunity for local adaptation to the conditions within their climatic envelope. Comparison of regional current and projected patterns of climate suitability indicates that valley oaks grow in distinctly different climate conditions in different parts of their range. Our models predict widely different regional outcomes from local displacement of a few kilometres to hundreds of kilometres. We conclude that the relative importance of migration, adaptation, and tolerance are likely to vary widely for populations among regions, and that late 21st Century conditions could lead to regional extinctions. C1 [Sork, Victoria L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sork, Victoria L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Davis, Frank W.; Ikegami, Makihiko] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Westfall, Robert] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Flint, Alan] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Wang, Hongfang] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hongfang] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Grivet, Delphine] CIFOR INIA, Ctr Forest Res, Dept Ecol & Genet, Madrid 28040, Spain. RP Sork, VL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Box 951606, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM vlsork@ucla.edu RI li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012; Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009; Grivet, Delphine/G-9708-2012; IKEGAMI, Makihiko/E-6612-2012; OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718; Grivet, Delphine/0000-0001-8168-4456; Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 FU UCLA Division of Life Sciences; NSF [DEB-0089445, DEB-0516529]; National Geographic Society; California Energy Commission [CEC 500-08-020]; China National Scientific and Technical Foundation [2006FY210100] FX We thank the anonymous reviewers who provide valuable suggestions on how to improve the manuscript. We are grateful to: Rodney Dyer and Doug Scofield for discussions of data analysis; Keith Gaddis, Karen Lundy, Stephanie Steele, and Pam Thompson for comments on manuscript; Charles Winder, Edith Martinez, and Karen Lundy for laboratory work; and Uma Dandekar and other staff at the UCLA Sequencing and Genotyping Core Facility. We thank all those people who were drafted into collecting oak leaves, including Brian Alfaro, Maria Valbuena-Carabana, Kurt Merg, Andrea Pluess, Andrea Sork, Danielle Sork, Silke Werth, and Charles Winder. Over the years of data collection and analysis, VLS received funding from UCLA Division of Life Sciences, UCLA Senate Faculty Research Programme, NSF DEB-0089445, NSF DEB-0516529, and the National Geographic Society. FWD and MI were supported by California Energy Commission research project CEC 500-08-020. HW was supported by the China National Scientific and Technical Foundation Project (Grant No. 2006FY210100). NR 86 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 10 U2 107 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 19 IS 17 SI SI BP 3806 EP 3823 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04726.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 643HC UT WOS:000281285200022 PM 20723054 ER PT J AU Richards-Dinger, K Stein, RS Toda, S AF Richards-Dinger, Keith Stein, Ross S. Toda, Shinji TI Decay of aftershock density with distance does not indicate triggering by dynamic stress SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; EARTHQUAKE CATALOGS; SEISMICITY; MAGNITUDE; CALIFORNIA; COMPLETENESS; CONSTRAINTS; LANDERS AB Resolving whether static(1-3) or dynamic(4-8) stress triggers most aftershocks and subsequent mainshocks is essential to understand earthquake interaction and to forecast seismic hazard(9). Felzer and Brodsky(10) examined the distance distribution of earthquakes occurring in the first five minutes after 2 <= M < 3 and 3 <= M < 4 mainshocks and found that their magnitude M >= 2 aftershocks showed a uniform power-law decay with slope -1.35 out to 50 km from the mainshocks. From this they argued that the distance decay could be explained only by dynamic triggering. Here we propose an alternative explanation for the decay, and subject their hypothesis to a series of tests, none of which it passes. At distances more than 300 m from the 2 <= M < 3 mainshocks, the seismicity decay 5 min before the mainshocks is indistinguishable from the decay five minutes afterwards, indicating that the mainshocks have no effect at distances outside their static triggering range. Omori temporal decay, the fundamental signature of aftershocks, is absent at distances exceeding 10 km from the mainshocks. Finally, the distance decay is found among aftershocks that occur before the arrival of the seismic wave front from the mainshock, which violates causality. We argue that Felzer and Brodsky(10) implicitly assume that the first of two independent aftershocks along a fault rupture triggers the second, and that the first of two shocks in a creep-or intrusion-driven swarm triggers the second, when this need not be the case. C1 [Richards-Dinger, Keith] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Toda, Shinji] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Richards-Dinger, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM keithrd@ucr.edu NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP PY 2010 VL 467 IS 7315 BP 583 EP U105 DI 10.1038/nature09402 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 655TT UT WOS:000282273100037 PM 20882015 ER PT J AU Eichelberger, J AF Eichelberger, John TI VOLCANOLOGY Messy magma mixtures SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SIERRA-NEVADA; GROWTH; CALIFORNIA; ERUPTION C1 US Geol Survey, USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Eichelberger, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jeichelberger@usgs.gov RI Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 9 BP 593 EP 594 DI 10.1038/ngeo951 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 645NL UT WOS:000281467600006 ER PT J AU Peng, ZG Gomberg, J AF Peng, Zhigang Gomberg, Joan TI An integrated perspective of the continuum between earthquakes and slow-slip phenomena SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; SILENT SLIP; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; EPISODIC TREMOR; SEISMOGENIC ZONE; SOUTHERN MEXICO AB The discovery of slow-slip phenomena has revolutionized our understanding of how faults accommodate relative plate motions. Faults were previously thought to relieve stress either through continuous aseismic sliding, or as earthquakes resulting from instantaneous failure of locked faults. In contrast, slow-slip events proceed so slowly that slip is limited and only low-frequency (or no) seismic waves radiate. We find that slow-slip phenomena are not unique to the depths (tens of kilometres) of subduction zone plate interfaces. They occur on faults in many settings, at numerous scales and owing to various loading processes, including landslides and glaciers. Taken together, the observations indicate that slowly slipping fault surfaces relax most of the accrued stresses through aseismic slip. Aseismic motion can trigger more rapid slip elsewhere on the fault that is sufficiently fast to generate seismic waves. The resulting radiation has characteristics ranging from those indicative of slow but seismic slip, to those typical of earthquakes. The mode of seismic slip depends on the inherent characteristics of the fault, such as the frictional properties. Slow-slip events have previously been classified as a distinct mode of fault slip compared with that seen in earthquakes. We conclude that instead, slip modes span a continuum and are of common occurrence. C1 [Peng, Zhigang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Peng, ZG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zpeng@gatech.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0809834, EAR-0956051]; US Geological Survey FX We thank E. Brodsky, R. McCaffrey, S. Bilek and many others for sharing their measurements of moments and durations of regular earthquakes and slow-slip events. The manuscript benefits from comments by D. Shelly, J. McGuire, K. Obara, T. Melbourne and P. Segall. This work is supported by National Science Foundation (EAR-0809834 and EAR-0956051) and the US Geological Survey. NR 100 TC 210 Z9 218 U1 11 U2 81 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 9 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.1038/NGEO940 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 645NL UT WOS:000281467600011 ER PT J AU Sauter, ST Connolly, PJ AF Sauter, Sally T. Connolly, Patrick J. TI Growth, Condition Factor, and Bioenergetics Modeling Link Warmer Stream Temperatures Below a Small Dam to Reduced Performance of Juvenile Steelhead SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ENERGETICS; BEHAVIOR; CHINOOK; REGIME; SIZE; COHO; FISH AB We investigated the growth and feeding performance of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss using field measures and bioenergetics modeling. Juvenile steelhead populations were sampled from mid-June through August 2004 at study sites upstream and downstream of Hemlock Dam. The growth and diet of juvenile steelhead were determined for a warm (summer) and subsequent (late summer) transitional period at each study site. Empirical data on the growth and diet of juvenile steelhead and mean daily temperatures were used in a bioenergetics model to estimate the proportion of maximum consumption achieved by juvenile steelhead by site and period. Modeled estimates of feeding performance were better for juvenile steelhead at the upstream compared to the downstream site during both periods. The median condition factor of juvenile steelhead did not change over the summer at the upstream site, but showed a significant decline over time at the downstream site. A negative trend in median condition factor at the downstream site supported bioenergetics modeling results that suggested the warmer stream temperatures had a negative impact on juvenile steelhead. Bioenergetics modeling predicted a lower feeding performance for juvenile steelhead rearing downstream compared to upstream of Hemlock Dam although food availability appeared to be limited at both study sites during the warm period. Warmer water temperatures, greater did l variation, and change in did l pattern likely led to the reduced feeding performance and reduced growth, which could have affected the overall survival of juvenile steelhead downstream of Hemlock Dam. C1 [Sauter, Sally T.; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Sauter, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501-A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ssauter@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 84 IS 4 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.3955/046.084.0406 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 701ET UT WOS:000285797800006 ER PT J AU Oppel, S Powell, AN O'Brien, DM AF Oppel, Steffen Powell, Abby N. O'Brien, Diane M. TI King eiders use an income strategy for egg production: a case study for incorporating individual dietary variation into nutrient allocation research SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Capital breeding; Eggshell membranes; Migratory birds; Mixing models; Stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; AQUATIC FOOD-WEB; MIXING MODELS; SNOW GEESE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; CAPITAL BREEDERS; COMMON EIDERS; BODY STORES; CARBON; MIGRATION AB The use of stored nutrients for reproduction represents an important component of life-history variation. Recent studies from several species have used stable isotopes to estimate the reliance on stored body reserves in reproduction. Such approaches rely on population-level dietary endpoints to characterize stored reserves ("capital") and current diet ("income"). Individual variation in diet choice has so far not been incorporated in such approaches, but is crucial for assessing variation in nutrient allocation strategies. We investigated nutrient allocation to egg production in a large-bodied sea duck in northern Alaska, the king eider (Somateria spectabilis). We first used Bayesian isotopic mixing models to quantify at the population level the amount of endogenous carbon and nitrogen invested into egg proteins based on carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. We then defined the isotopic signature of the current diet of every nesting female based on isotope ratios of eggshell membranes, because diets varied isotopically among individual king eiders on breeding grounds. We used these individual-based dietary isotope signals to characterize nutrient allocation for each female in the study population. At the population level, the Bayesian and the individual-based approaches yielded identical results, and showed that king eiders used an income strategy for the synthesis of egg proteins. The majority of the carbon and nitrogen in albumen (C: 86 +/- A 18%, N: 99 +/- A 1%) and the nitrogen in lipid-free yolk (90 +/- A 15%) were derived from food consumed on breeding grounds. Carbon in lipid-free yolk derived evenly from endogenous sources and current diet (exogenous C: 54 +/- A 24%), but source contribution was highly variable among individual females. These results suggest that even large-bodied birds traditionally viewed as capital breeders use exogenous nutrients for reproduction. We recommend that investigations of nutrient allocation should incorporate individual variation into mixing models to reveal intraspecific variation in reproductive strategies. C1 [Oppel, Steffen] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Oppel, Steffen; Powell, Abby N.; O'Brien, Diane M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.; O'Brien, Diane M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. EM steffen.oppel@gmail.com RI O'Brien, Diane/B-2919-2010; OI O'Brien, Diane/0000-0001-5807-9661; Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789 FU US Geological Survey Outer Continental Shelf Program; Minerals Management Service; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX We thank the US Geological Survey Outer Continental Shelf Program and the Minerals Management Service for funding, and the North Slope Borough, ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., R. Suydam, C. Rea, A. S. Kitaysky, and N. Gundlach for logistical support during fieldwork. S.O. was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). We are grateful to R. Federer and the Alaska Sea Life Center for sharing unpublished data on discrimination factors. S. Sekine, A. Hoffmann, R. Bentzen, C. Latty, A. Patterson, J. Liebezeit, and J. Rogalla assisted in bird captures, nest searches, and egg and membrane collection, and S. Sekine performed laboratory preparations of egg components. K. Hobson, J. Bond, and S. Lawson offered advice on laboratory techniques. T. Howe and N. Haubenstock conducted isotope analyses. R. Inger, A. Jackson, and A. Parnell assisted with Bayesian analysis. We appreciate the comments of J. Schmutz, D. Esler, E. Murphy, and two anonymous reviewers on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The work described in this article was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Alaska Fairbanks under protocol #05-29. Mention of trade names or commercial products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 85 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2010 VL 164 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1619-z PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639GV UT WOS:000280962200001 PM 20364389 ER PT J AU Esque, TC Kaye, JP Eckert, SE DeFalco, LA Tracy, CR AF Esque, Todd C. Kaye, Jason P. Eckert, Sara E. DeFalco, Lesley A. Tracy, C. Richard TI Short-term soil inorganic N pulse after experimental fire alters invasive and native annual plant production in a Mojave Desert shrubland SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Annual grass/fire cycle; Inorganic N; Plant interactions; Resource pulse; Schismus ID SONORAN DESERT; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; PONDEROSA PINE; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; DROUGHT; CARBON; WATER; MINERALIZATION; AVAILABILITY AB Post-fire changes in desert vegetation patterns are known, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Theory suggests that pulse dynamics of resource availability confer advantages to invasive annual species, and that pulse timing can influence survival and competition among species. Precipitation patterns in the American Southwest are predicted to shift toward a drier climate, potentially altering post-fire resource availability and consequent vegetation dynamics. We quantified post-fire inorganic N dynamics and determined how annual plants respond to soil inorganic nitrogen variability following experimental fires in a Mojave Desert shrub community. Soil inorganic N, soil net N mineralization, and production of annual plants were measured beneath shrubs and in interspaces during 6 months following fire. Soil inorganic N pools in burned plots were up to 1 g m(-2) greater than unburned plots for several weeks and increased under shrubs (0.5-1.0 g m(-2)) more than interspaces (0.1-0.2 g m(-2)). Soil NO(3) (-)-N (nitrate-N) increased more and persisted longer than soil NH(4) (+)-N (ammonium-N). Laboratory incubations simulating low soil moisture conditions, and consistent with field moisture during the study, suggest that soil net ammonification and net nitrification were low and mostly unaffected by shrub canopy or burning. After late season rains, and where soil inorganic N pools were elevated after fire, productivity of the predominant invasive Schismus spp. increased and native annuals declined. Results suggest that increased N availability following wildfire can favor invasive annuals over natives. Whether the short-term success of invasive species following fire will direct long-term species composition changes remains to be seen, yet predicted changes in precipitation variability will likely interact with N cycling to affect invasive annual plant dominance following wildfire. C1 [Esque, Todd C.; DeFalco, Lesley A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Esque, Todd C.; Tracy, C. Richard] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kaye, Jason P.; Eckert, Sara E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Esque, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM Todd_Esque@usgs.gov FU US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management in Arizona and Utah; US Geological Survey FX We thank D. Haines, R. Schwarz, and S.J. Scoles for their hard work establishing study plots, and exchange of ideas during this research project. Comments from J. Yee, J.E. Keeley, K. Phelps, K. Nolte and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. D. Binkley inspired this experiment and provided laboratory space for biogeochemistry analyses. The US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management in Arizona and Utah provided partial funding and logistical support. L. Evers and the fire fighters on engines 147, 154, 163, 711, and 712 provided coordination, technical assistance, and logistical support for the experimental fires. T. Duck supported this research for the duration of the project. Staff at the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument provided research permits and encouragement. The US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program provided primary financial and logistical support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The experiments described here comply with all rules and regulations pertaining to the land and resources in the country where they were performed. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2010 VL 164 IS 1 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1617-1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639GV UT WOS:000280962200024 PM 20419316 ER PT J AU Orem, WH Voytek, MA Jones, EJ Lerch, HE Bates, AL Corum, MD Warwick, PD Clark, AC AF Orem, William H. Voytek, Mary A. Jones, Elizabeth J. Lerch, Harry E. Bates, Anne L. Corum, Margo D. Warwick, Peter D. Clark, Arthur C. TI Organic intermediates in the anaerobic biodegradation of coal to methane under laboratory conditions SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY ID NATURAL-GAS; BASIN; USA AB Organic intermediates in coal fluids produced by anaerobic biodegradation of geopolymers in coal play a key role in the production of methane in natural gas reservoirs Laboratory biodegradation experiments on sub-bituminous coal from Texas, USA, were conducted using bioreactors to examine the organic intermediates relevant to methane production Production of methane in the bioreactors was linked to acetate accumulation in bioreactor fluid Long chain fatty acids, alkanes (C(19)-C(36)) and various low molecular weight aromatics, including phenols, also accumulated in the bioreactor fluid and appear to be the primary intermediates in the biodegradation pathway from coal-derived geopolymers to acetate and methane. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Orem, William H.; Lerch, Harry E.; Bates, Anne L.; Corum, Margo D.; Warwick, Peter D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Clark, Arthur C.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Orem, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 41 IS 9 BP 997 EP 1000 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.03.005 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 660UL UT WOS:000282671500027 ER PT J AU Regular, PM Robertson, GJ Montevecchi, WA Shuhood, F Power, T Ballam, D Piatt, JF AF Regular, Paul M. Robertson, Gregory J. Montevecchi, William A. Shuhood, Fyzee Power, Tony Ballam, Douglas Piatt, John F. TI Relative importance of human activities and climate driving common murre population trends in the Northwest Atlantic SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE By-catch mortality; Hunting mortality; Low Arctic; Ocean climate change; Population ecology; Uria aalge ID MARINE OIL POLLUTION; GUILLEMOTS URIA-AALGE; BEACHED BIRD SURVEYS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; BREEDING SITES; SEABIRD; NEWFOUNDLAND; SURVIVAL; IMPACTS AB Seabird populations are affected by environmental and anthropogenic influences on a global scale. Many population-level responses to climate change have been shown, yet few studies have addressed the additive and/or relative impact of environmental and anthropogenic influences on seabird populations. Using a mixed model approach, we analyzed the trends in plot counts of common murres (Uria aalge) from a Low Arctic colony at Cape St. Mary's, Newfoundland, across 26 years (1980-2006). We tested for associations between population change and various environmental and anthropogenic covariates: water temperature, winter North Atlantic Oscillation, hunting mortality, oil pollution, by-catch in fishing gear, and visitor disturbance. The number of murres occupying central plots decreased from 1980 to 1989 and increased from 1990 to 2006. Annual changes in the population were negatively associated with the estimated number of murres killed in the Newfoundland murre hunt and the high numbers killed in the early 1980s likely caused the observed population decline. The large number of gillnets set in Newfoundland waters during the 1980s, and associated incidence of drowning through by-catch, probably also contributed to the observed decline. Though a centennially significant cold-water perturbation in 1991 forced a regime shift in pelagic food webs, the effect of ocean climate variability on the population was not obvious. We conclude that management efforts should focus on assessing and mitigating the effects of human-induced influences and consider the potential additive effects of climate change. C1 [Regular, Paul M.; Montevecchi, William A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Cognit & Behav Ecol Program, Dept Psychol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Robertson, Gregory J.] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. [Shuhood, Fyzee; Power, Tony] Govt Newfoundland & Labrador, Pk & Nat Areas Div, Dept Environm & Conservat, Deer Lake, NF A8A 2A3, Canada. [Ballam, Douglas] Nat Conservancy Canada, St John, NF A1A 1W8, Canada. [Piatt, John F.] USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Regular, PM (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Cognit & Behav Ecol Program, Dept Psychol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. EM paul.regular@mun.ca FU Nature Conservancy of Canada; Parks and Natural Areas; Canadian Wildlife Service; Exxon Mobil and Memorial University of Newfoundland; NSERC; International Polar Year Program FX Since 1986, the Newfoundland and Labrador Parks and Natural Areas Division continued the research through naturalists working at CSM. We are grateful to the numerous people who assisted in data collection. We thank John Chardine (Canadian Wildlife Service) for his help in the analysis of the oceanographic data. Ann M. Russell and Sandra Savory (Statistical Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada) for providing the gillnet data, Sabina Wilhelm (Canadian Wildlife Service) for preparing the beached bird survey data, and David Schneider for statistical advice. Hanno Sandvik provided insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The Nature Conservancy of Canada coordinated funding for this project that led to the analyses of these data. None of this work would have been possible without the financial support of Parks and Natural Areas, the Canadian Wildlife Service, Exxon Mobil and Memorial University of Newfoundland, NSERC and the International Polar Year Program (W.A.M). This paper is dedicated to the memory of Vince Kehoe, keeper of the light at Cape St. Mary's and to Dr. Leslie Harris, the former President of Memorial University of Newfoundland, two outport men who were deeply concerned about marine birds and their ocean environment. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1215 EP 1226 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0811-2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637FQ UT WOS:000280802000006 ER PT J AU Pfrender, ME Hawkins, CP Bagley, M Courtney, GW Creutzburg, BR Epler, JH Fend, S Ferrington, LC Hartzell, PL Jackson, S Larsen, DP Levesque, CA Morse, JC Petersen, MJ Ruiter, D Schindel, D Whiting, M AF Pfrender, Michael E. Hawkins, Charles P. Bagley, Mark Courtney, Gregory W. Creutzburg, Brian R. Epler, John H. Fend, Steve Ferrington, Leonard C., Jr. Hartzell, Paula L. Jackson, Suzanne Larsen, David P. Levesque, C. Andre Morse, John C. Petersen, Matthew J. Ruiter, Dave Schindel, David Whiting, Michael TI ASSESSING MACROINVERTEBRATE BIODIVERSITY IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN DNA-BASED APPROACHES SO QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE barcoding; invertebrates; bioassessment; biodiversity; freshwater; next-generation sequencing ID TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; CHIRONOMIDS DIPTERA; GENUS-LEVEL; MICROARRAY; BARCODES; DIVERSITY; HYBRIDIZATION AB Assessing the biodiversity of macroinvertebrate fauna in freshwater ecosystems is an essential component of both basic ecological inquiry and applied ecological assessments. Aspects of taxonomic diversity and composition in freshwater communities are widely used to quantify water quality and measure the efficacy of remediation and restoration efforts. The accuracy and precision of biodiversity assessments based on standard morphological identifications are often limited by taxonomic resolution and sample size. Morphologically based identifications are laborious and costly, significantly constraining the sample sizes that can be processed. We suggest that the development of an assay platform based on DNA signatures wilt increase the precision and ease of quantifying biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems. Advances in this area will be particularly relevant for benthic and planktonic invertebrates, which are often monitored by regulatory agencies. Adopting a genetic assessment platform will alleviate some of the current limitations to biodiversity assessment strategies. We discuss the benefits and challenges associated with DNA-based assessments and the methods that are currently available. As recent advances in microarray and next-generation sequencing technologies will facilitate a transition to DNA-based assessment approaches, future research efforts should focus on methods for data collection, assay platform development, establishing linkages between DNA signatures and well-resolved taxonomies, and bioinformatics. C1 [Pfrender, Michael E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.; Creutzburg, Brian R.] Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bagley, Mark; Jackson, Suzanne] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Courtney, Gregory W.; Petersen, Matthew J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fend, Steve] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ferrington, Leonard C., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hartzell, Paula L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hartzell, Paula L.] Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Honolulu, HI USA. [Larsen, David P.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Levesque, C. Andre] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Morse, John C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Schindel, David] Smithsonian Inst, Consortium Barcode Life, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Whiting, Michael] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Pfrender, ME (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM MICHAEL.PFRENDER.1@ND.EDU; CHUCK.HAWKINS@USU.EDU; BAGLEY.MARK@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV; GWCOURT@IASTATE.EDU; BRIAN.CREUTZBURG@AGGIEMAIL.USU.EDU; JOHNEPLER3@COMCAST.NET; SVFEND@USGS.GOV; FERRI016@UMN.EDU; PAULAHARTZELL@HOTMAIL.COM; JACKSON.SUZANNE@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV; LARSEN.PHIL@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV; ANDRE.LEVESQUE@AGR.GC.CA; JMORSE@CLEMSON.EDU; MJP266@CORNELL.EDU; DRUITER@MSN.COM; SCHINDELD@SI.EDU; MICHAEL_WHITING@BYU.EDU RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 FU USU Center for Integrated BioSystems; USU Ecology Center; USU Office of Research FX The ideas and synthesis in this article were fostered by a workshop organized by MEP and CPH at Utah State University. The workshop was supported by funds from the USU Center for Integrated BioSystems, the USU Ecology Center, and the USU Office of Research. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 95 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 51 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0033-5770 EI 1539-7718 J9 Q REV BIOL JI Q. Rev. Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 85 IS 3 BP 319 EP 340 PG 22 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 643EE UT WOS:000281277600003 PM 20919633 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, J Avila, A Skipp, G Freeman, J Patterson, D AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James Avila, Anna Skipp, Gary Freeman, Joshua Patterson, DeAnna TI The role of African dust in the formation of Quaternary soils on Mallorca, Spain and implications for the genesis of Red Mediterranean soils SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; TERRA-ROSSA; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; BALEARIC-ISLANDS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; LOESS PLATEAU; SAHARAN DUST; EOLIAN DUST; 140 KA; PLEISTOCENE AB African dust additions explain the origin of terra rossa soils that are common on the carbonate-platform island of Mallorca, Spain. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses indicate that Quaternary carbonate eolianites on Mallorca have a very high purity, usually composed of more than 90% carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, and aragonite). In contrast, terra rossa soils developed on these eolianites have lower carbonate contents and contain higher concentrations of quartz and other silicates. Analyses of immobile trace elements indicate that the non-carbonate fractions of the eolianites have distinctive Zr/Hf, La/Yb, Cr/Sc and Th/Ta values that differ from the superjacent terra rossa soils. These observations indicate that even if sufficient dissolution of the eolianite had taken place to create the soils by residual accumulation, immobile element ratios in the soils require an external source. However, Zr/Hf, La/Yb. Cr/Sc and Th/Ta values in the soils fall within the range of values for these element ratios in African dust collected on Barbados and mainland Spain. We conclude that the silicate fractions of terra rossa soils on Mallorca are derived mainly, though not wholly, from far-traveled African dust, and this process may explain the origin of other terra rossa soils found in southern Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Budahn, James; Skipp, Gary; Freeman, Joshua] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Avila, Anna] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Ctr Recerca Ecol & Aplicac Forestals, Bellaterra, Spain. [Patterson, DeAnna] ATA Serv Inc, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov OI Avila, Anna/0000-0002-4137-0839 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion-MICINN of the Spanish Government [CGL2005-07543-Cli, CSD2008-00040, CGL2009-13188-C03-01] FX Work by U.S. Geological Survey authors was supported by the Global Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, and is a contribution to the "Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal and Eolian Landscapes" project (http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/info/eolian/). A. Avila acknowledges financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion-MICINN of the Spanish Government, through the CGL2005-07543-Cli, Consolider-Ingenio Montes CSD2008-00040, and CGL2009-13188-C03-01 projects. Our thanks go to landowner Sr. Miguel Cirera of Llucmajor, who graciously granted permission to work at the section at S'Estalella. We also thank Jim Rose (Royal Holloway, University of London) and Karl Butzer (University of Texas) for providing helpful background information on Mallorca. We appreciate the efforts of Jossh Beann (USGS, retired), who helped prepare many of the samples. Special appreciation goes to Gian Gabriele On, Vincenzo Pascucci, Nabil Gasmi and Roberto Barbieri, who showed us potential dust source areas in the northern Sahara of Tunisia. Our thanks to Jim Rose, Randy Schumann (USGS), Art Bettis (University of Iowa), and an anonymous reviewer who provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 98 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 19-20 BP 2518 EP 2543 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.013 PG 26 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 644FZ UT WOS:000281360500009 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Jennings, AE Coleman, GC Eberl, DD AF Andrews, John T. Jennings, Anne E. Coleman, George C. Eberl, Dennis D. TI Holocene variations in mineral and grain-size composition along the East Greenland glaciated margin (ca 67 degrees-70 degrees N): Local versus long-distance sediment transport SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; NORTH-ATLANTIC CLIMATE; 68 DEGREES N; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SCORESBY-SUND; FRAM STRAIT; QUANTITATIVE MINERALOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SOUTHEAST GREENLAND; LAST DEGLACIATION AB Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction (qXRD) analysis of the <2 mm sediment fraction from surface (sea floor) samples, and marine sediment cores that span the last 10-12 cal ka BP, are used to describe spatial and temporal variations in non-clay mineral compositions for an area between Kangerlussuaq Trough and Scoresby Sund (similar to 67 degrees-70 degrees N). East Greenland. Bedrock consists primarily of an early Tertiary alkaline complex with high weight% of pyroxene and plagioclase. Farther inland and to the north, the bedrock is dominantly felsic with a high fraction of quartz and potassium feldspars. Principal Component (PC) analysis of the non-clay sediment compositions indicates the importance of quartz and pyroxene as compositional end members, with an abrupt shift from quartz and k-feldspar dominated sediments north of Scoresby Sund to sediments rich in pyroxene and plagioclase feldspars offshore from the early Tertiary basaltic outcrop. Coarse (<2 mm or <1 mm) ice-rafted sediments are largely absent from the trough sediments between similar to 8 and 5 cal ka BP, but then increase in the last 4 cal ka BP. Compositional unmixing of the sediments in Grivel Basin and Kangerlussuaq Trough indicate the dominance of local over long distance sediment sources, with pulses of sediment from tidewater glaciers in Kangerlussuaq and Nansen fjords reaching the inner shelf during the Neoglaciation. The change in IRD is more dramatic in the sediment grain-size proxies than in the quartz wt%. Forty to seventy percent of the variance in the quartz records from either side of Denmark Strait is explained by low frequency trends, but the data from the Grivel Basin, East Greenland, are distinctly different, with an approximate 2500 yr periodicity. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Andrews, John T.; Jennings, Anne E.; Coleman, George C.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, John T.; Jennings, Anne E.; Coleman, George C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Andrews, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andrewsj@colorado.edu FU NSF [ATM-0502515, OCE-9809001, OPP-9707161] FX The work of Andrews. Jennings, and Coleman was supported by NSF- ATM-0502515. Cores were obtained from prior NSF grants to Jennings and Andrews (OCE-9809001 and OPP-9707161). Drs J. Evans, R. Stein, N. Norgaard-Pedersen, Astrid Lysa and D. Darby are sincerely thanked for their contribution of surface sediments. Drs Astrid Lysa, W. LeMasurier, Matthias Moros, and Jeff Evans are thanked for their comments on a draft of this paper. Dr Ray Bradley alerted us to the similarity between the Greenland isotope records and the quartz wt% data. We appreciate the efforts of the referees whose comments on the initial submission and a resubmission, were very important in the revised version. Data will be deposited in the NOAA Paleoclimate archives www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/. NR 124 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 19-20 BP 2619 EP 2632 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.001 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 644FZ UT WOS:000281360500015 ER PT J AU Duniway, MC Herrick, JE Pyke, DA Toledo, DP AF Duniway, Michael C. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Pyke, David A. Toledo, David P. TI Assessing Transportation Infrastructure Impacts on Rangelands: Test of a Standard Rangeland Assessment Protocol SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; indicators; off-highway vehicles; oil and gas; rangeland health; roads ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY; NATIONAL-MONUMENT; DESERT; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; HEALTH; ROADS; DEGRADATION; PLANT AB Linear disturbances associated with on-and off-road vehicle use on rangelands has increased dramatically throughout the world in recent decades. This increase is due to a variety of factors including increased availability of all-terrain vehicles, infrastructure development (oil, gas, renewable energy, and ex-urban), and recreational activities. In addition to the direct impacts of road development, the presence and use of roads may alter resilience of adjoining areas through indirect effects such as altered site hydrologic and eolian processes, invasive seed dispersal, and sediment transport. There are few standardized methods for assessing impacts of transportation-related land-use activities on soils and vegetation in arid and semi-arid rangelands. Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health (IIRH) is an internationally accepted qualitative assessment that is applied widely to rangelands. We tested the sensitivity of IIRH to impacts of roads, trails, and pipelines on adjacent lands by surveying plots at three distances from these linear disturbances. We performed tests at 16 randomly selected sites in each of three ecosystems (Northern High Plains, Colorado Plateau, and Chihuahuan Desert) for a total of 208 evaluation plots. We also evaluated the repeatability of IIRH when applied to road-related disturbance gradients. Finally, we tested extent of correlations between IIRH plot attribute departure classes and trends in a suite of quantitative indicators. Results indicated that the IIRH technique is sensitive to direct and indirect impacts of transportation activities with greater departure from reference condition near disturbances than far from disturbances. Trends in degradation of ecological processes detected with qualitative assessments were highly correlated with quantitative data. Qualitative and quantitative assessments employed in this study can be used to assess impacts of transportation features at the plot scale. Through integration with remote sensing technologies, these methods could also potentially be used to assess cumulative impacts of transportation networks at the landscape scale. C1 [Duniway, Michael C.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Toledo, David P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Duniway, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM mduniway@nmsu.edu RI Toledo, David/A-9259-2010; OI Toledo, David/0000-0001-5162-4428; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU Bureau of Land Management FX This work was funded by the Bureau of Land Management. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 32 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 63 IS 5 BP 524 EP 536 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00176.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652SX UT WOS:000282031300004 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. TI Global Croplands and their Importance for Water and Food Security in the Twenty-first Century: Towards an Ever Green Revolution that Combines a Second Green Revolution with a Blue Revolution SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material DE global croplands; green revolution; blue revolution; ever green revolution; water use; floods; water management; remote sensing C1 US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 2 IS 9 BP 2305 EP 2312 DI 10.3390/rs2092305 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HQ UT WOS:000208401900014 ER PT J AU Stagg, CL Mendelssohn, IA AF Stagg, Camille L. Mendelssohn, Irving A. TI Restoring Ecological Function to a Submerged Salt Marsh SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE net annual primary production; sea level rise; sediment-slurry addition; severe drought; sudden marsh die-back ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SULFIDE CONCENTRATION; WETLAND RESTORATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; LOUISIANA; ECOSYSTEM; SEDIMENT; RESPONSES; GEORGIA; GROWTH AB Impacts of global climate change, such as sea level rise and severe drought, have altered the hydrology of coastal salt marshes resulting in submergence and subsequent degradation of ecosystem function. A potential method of rehabilitating these systems is the addition of sediment-slurries to increase marsh surface elevation, thus ameliorating effects of excessive inundation. Although this technique is growing in popularity, the restoration of ecological function after sediment addition has received little attention. To determine if sediment subsidized salt marshes are functionally equivalent to natural marshes, we examined above- and belowground primary production in replicated restored marshes receiving four levels of sediment addition (29-42 cm North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]) and in degraded and natural ambient marshes (4-22 cm NAVD 88). Moderate intensities of sediment-slurry addition, resulting in elevations at the mid to high intertidal zone (29-36 cm NAVD 88), restored ecological function to degraded salt marshes. Sediment additions significantly decreased flood duration and frequency and increased bulk density, resulting in greater soil drainage and redox potential and significantly lower phytotoxic sulfide concentrations. However, ecological function in the restored salt marsh showed a sediment addition threshold that was characterized by a decline in primary productivity in areas of excessive sediment addition and high elevation (> 36 cm NAVD 88). Hence, the addition of intermediate levels of sediment to submerging salt marshes increased marsh surface elevation, ameliorated impacts of prolonged inundation, and increased primary productivity. However, too much sediment resulted in diminished ecological function that was equivalent to the submerged or degraded system. C1 [Stagg, Camille L.; Mendelssohn, Irving A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Stagg, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, IAP World Serv Inc, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM staggc@usgs.gov FU Louisiana Sea Grant Program; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This research was sponsored by the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors would like to thank Dr. Brian Marx for statistical assistance and Dr. Kenneth Krauss and two anonymous reviewers for manuscript review. The authors would also like to acknowledge the help of several research associates and students of the Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences at Louisiana State University, especially Joseph Baustian, Jane Buck, Sean Graham, and Carey Perry for their field assistance. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 SU 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00718.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648TN UT WOS:000281717200002 ER PT J AU White, K Gerken, J Paukert, C Makinster, A AF White, Katherine Gerken, Joseph Paukert, Craig Makinster, Andrew TI FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN NATURAL AND ENGINEERED HABITATS IN THE KANSAS RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE rip-rap; habitat; river; diversity; urbanization ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; CHANNEL-BORDER; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; STREAM; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS AB We investigated fish assemblage structure in engineered (rip-rap) and natural habitats (log jams and mud banks) in the Kansas River USA to determine if natural structures had higher abundance and diversity of fishes at a local spatial scale. A total of 439 randomly selected sites were boat electrofished from May to August 2005 and 2006. Mean species diversity and richness were significantly higher in rip-rap than log jams and mud banks. Mean relative abundance (CPUE; number of fish collected per hour electrofishing) of six of the 15 most common fishes (>1% of total catch) were most abundant in rip-rap, two were most abundant in log jams, and none in mud banks. Rip-rap had the highest relative abundance of fluvial specialist and macrohabitat generalists, whereas mean CPUE of fluvial dependents was highest in log jams. Although a discriminant function analysis indicated that nine size classes (eight species) discriminated among three habitat types, the high misclassification rate (38%) suggested a high degree of fish assemblage overlap among the habitats. Although previous work has suggested that engineered structures (rip-rap) and urbanization are linked to reduced biotic diversity or reduced growth of fish species, our results suggest that at a local scale rip-rap may not have the same negative impacts on fish assemblages. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Paukert, Craig] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish andWildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Makinster, Andrew] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. RP Paukert, C (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish andWildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu FU National Science Foundation; Research Experience for Undergraduates program; Kansas Department for Wildlife and Parks; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University; US Geological Survey and the Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Jeff Eitzmann and Miles Thompson for help with the field and laboratory data collection. We thank the National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates program and the Kansas Department for Wildlife and Parks for funding. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the US Geological Survey and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 26 IS 7 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1002/rra.1287 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 653HF UT WOS:000282079300001 ER PT J AU Argentina, JE Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ AF Argentina, Jane E. Freeman, Mary C. Freeman, Byron J. TI Predictors of Occurrence of the Aquatic Macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum in a Southern Appalachian River SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The aquatic macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum (Hornleaf Riverweed) commonly provides habitat for invertebrates and fishes in flowing-water portions of Piedmont and Appalachian streams in the eastern US. We quantified variation in percent cover by P. ceratophyllum in a 39-km reach of the Conasauga River, TN and GA, to test the hypothesis that cover decreased with increasing non-forest land use. We estimated percent P. ceratophyllum cover in quadrats (0.09 m(2)) placed at random coordinates within 20 randomly selected shoals. We then used hierarchical logistic regression, in an information-theoretic framework, to evaluate relative support for models incorporating alternative combinations of microhabitat and shoal-level variables to predict the occurrence of high (>= 50%) P. ceratophyllum cover. As expected, bed sediment size and measures of light availability (location in the center of the channel, canopy cover) were included in best-supported models and had similar estimated-effect sizes across models. Podostemum ceratophyllum cover declined with increasing watershed size (included in 8 of 13 models in the confidence set of models); however, this decrease in cover was not well predicted by variation in land use. Focused monitoring of temporal and spatial trends in status of P. ceratophyllum are important due to its biotic importance in fast-flowing waters and its potential sensitivity to landscape-level changes, such as declines in forested land cover and homogenization of benthic habitats. C1 [Argentina, Jane E.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Argentina, JE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jea@vt.edu FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency FX We would like to thank members of the Freeman lab, especially Judith Barkstedt, Paula Marcinek, James Norman, and Rebecca Bourquin, for help in the field and in the lab. Comments by Jim Peterson, Tom Kwak, Stuart Welsh, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by grants to B.J. Freeman from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 465 EP 476 DI 10.1656/058.009.0305 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24FZ UT WOS:000208397600005 ER PT J AU Brandt, LA Campbell, MR Mazzotti, FJ AF Brandt, Laura A. Campbell, Mark R. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Spatial Distribution of Alligator Holes in the Central Everglades SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Alligator holes are a key feature of Everglades marshes that provide refugia and foraging sites for a wide range of species. We investigated the spatial pattern of alligator holes in Water Conservation Area 3, a part of the central Everglades, and examined associations among alligator holes, canals, and hydrology. There were fewer alligator holes within 1000 m of canals than expected, supporting the hypothesis that Alligator mississippiensis (American Alligator) are using canals as aquatic refugia rather than creating or maintaining alligator holes in the marsh. In addition, density of holes was associated with hydrology; specifically, areas that were drier had more than twice as many alligator holes than areas that were wetter. Analyses from this study provide a baseline for evaluating changes in location and density of alligator holes in response to canal removal and hydrologic changes that will occur as part of Everglades restoration. C1 [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL 33332 USA. [Campbell, Mark R.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33332 USA. RP Brandt, LA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33332 USA. EM laura_brandt@fws.gov FU Everglades Agricultural Area Environmental Protection District; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX This project was funded by a challenge grant from the Everglades Agricultural Area Environmental Protection District and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to the University of Florida. We thank the late Dr. Peter Rosendahl for initiating this project and for his constant support and encouragement. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service or the US Department of the Interior. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 487 EP 496 DI 10.1656/058.009.0307 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24FZ UT WOS:000208397600007 ER PT J AU Meehan, K Jodice, PGR AF Meehan, Kristin Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Landscape Scale Correlates of Fox Squirrel Presence on Golf Courses in Coastal South Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The coastal plain of the southeastern United States has experienced rapid and intense urbanization that has substantially changed the area's landscape. Much of this landscape change has been associated with the development of golf courses and associated communities, and cumulatively, these landscape units occupy thousands of hectares in the region. The opportunity for these golf courses to support native wildlife requires examination as these habitats are becoming more common and often represent some of the largest tracts of remaining open space within an area. Although declining throughout the southeastern US, Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) populations are still found on golf courses in this region. We investigated the relationship between Fox Squirrel presence and landscape characteristics on 98 golf courses in coastal South Carolina. Visual and telephone surveys indicated Fox Squirrels were present on 68 of the courses surveyed. The best predictor of Fox Squirrel presence on a course was the presence of a Fox Squirrel population on the nearest neighboring course. The probability of Fox Squirrels being present on a course if they were also present on the nearest neighboring course was 87.3%. Course age was the best predictor of Fox Squirrel presence on golf courses without a Fox Squirrel population on their nearest neighboring course. Our results suggest that regional Fox Squirrel populations may be stabilized by multi-patch population dynamics. C1 [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Meehan, Kristin] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Wildlife Links Program through the United States Golf Association; US Geological Survey; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; Clemson University FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Wildlife Links Program through the United States Golf Association. The US Geological Survey, South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit supplied logistical support. The staff of the Waddell Mariculture Center, Bears Bluff National Fish Hatchery, and the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences provided field housing. Thanks go to all the golf courses that participated in the research, and especially those that allowed repeated access to their course for surveys. This manuscript benefited from suggestions by J. Allen, S. Loeb, B. Song, R. Applegate, and anonymous peer-reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported jointly by the US Geological Survey, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and Clemson University. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 573 EP 586 DI 10.1656/058.009.0314 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24FZ UT WOS:000208397600014 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Nowak, RM AF Mech, L. David Nowak, Ronald M. TI Systematic Status of Wild Canis in North-Central Texas SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Skulls of wild Canis collected 2003-2004 in north-central Texas are morphometrically similar to a series taken there and in nearby areas in 1964-1971, which was considered to represent a population of Coyotes (C. latrans) modified through introgression from Red Wolves (C. rufus). A few of the new specimens closely resemble small examples of Red Wolves. Such affinity is supported by authoritative examination of living and videotaped animals. The persistence of influence of Red Wolves, long after presumed extirpation through hybridization and human persecution, may be relevant to wolf conservation. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 587 EP 594 DI 10.1656/058.009.0315 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24FZ UT WOS:000208397600015 ER PT J AU Herring, G Gawlik, DE AF Herring, Garth Gawlik, Dale E. TI Avian Radio-transmitter Harness Wear and Failure SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Although investigators have compared radio-transmitter attachment devices and their likelihood of failure before the end of a study, few have directly evaluated the harness materials and fastening methods that are to be shed by a bird after the research period is over. We compared the likelihood of effective detachment after transmitter life of four harness materials (7-mm- and 9-mm-wide polyester ribbon tape and polyester-coated rubber elastic) and three fastening methods (polyester thread, cotton thread, and Gorilla Super Glue (TM)) using dummy transmitters exposed to the elements for >1.5 years. Both polyester ribbon and polyester-coated rubber elastic materials resulted in similar physical wear and remained intact for longer than a typical field seasonal, but fastening harnesses using Gorilla Super Glue T resulted in the earliest and most consistent harness failure. Polyester ribbon material and glue fastening resulted in the earliest failure; mean failure time for 7-mm- and 9-mm-wide polyester ribbon tape with glue fastening was 408 days +/- 30 SE, and 249 days +/- 29 SE, respectively. Failure times for both 7-mm- and 9-mm-wide polyester-coated rubber elastic and Gorilla Super Glue T fastening treatments were in excess of one year (438 days +/- 14 SE and 438 days +/- 13 SE, respectively). All harnesses with sewn thread fastening treatments lasted a minimum mean of 456 days, and in the case of both 7-mm-wide polyester ribbon and polyester-coated rubber elastic, neither treatment ever failed over the period of study. Results suggest that using Gorilla Super Glue (TM) as a fastener maximized the likelihood of eventual harness failure, whereas transmitters fastened via sewing showed minimal signs of wear and were unlikely to be shed by a bird during a period of time less than two years. Additional experimental studies are warranted to examine alternative harness material types, fastening methods, and harness styles to maximize the potential of successful radio transmitter shedding. C1 [Herring, Garth; Gawlik, Dale E.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gherring@ucdavis.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. T. Dean provided support in implementing this study. E. Doerr, H. Herring, S. Lantz, D. Tsao, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. M. Royer helped construct the dummy transmitter mold, and T. Beck and N. Hill assisted with data collection. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.1656/058.009.0316 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24FZ UT WOS:000208397600016 ER PT J AU Sweet, DE Hubert, WA AF Sweet, Diana E. Hubert, Wayne A. TI SEASONAL MOVEMENTS OF NATIVE AND INTRODUCED CATOSTOMIDS IN THE BIG SANDY RIVER, WYOMING SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FLANNELMOUTH SUCKER; COLORADO RIVER; WHITE SUCKER; BLUEHEAD SUCKER; LONGNOSE SUCKER; BROWN TROUT; LAKE; HABITAT; FISHES; SYSTEM AB During 2006-2007, we studied movements of native bluehead suckers (Catostomus discobolus.) and flannelmouth suckers (C. latipinnis), and non-native white suckers (C. commersonii) and longnose suckers (C. catostomus) in the Big Sandy River, Wyoming. Radiotransmitters were surgically implanted into 20-22 fish of each species in September and October 2006. Movements of all four species in autumn and winter were short with most fish remaining <= 2 km from locations where they were captured initially. Bluehead suckers and flannelmouth suckers began movements downstream in mid-to-late April and returned upstream to locations <= 2 km from their original locations by early summer. White stickers did not make substantial movements during spring, whereas longnose suckers made movements upstream during mid-June and returned downstream by early July. During their estimated spawning periods, longnose suckers used upstream portions, bluehead suckers and white suckers used middle portions, and flannelmouth suckers used downstream portions of the study area. C1 [Sweet, Diana E.; Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RP Sweet, DE (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, POB 67, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM Diana.Sweet@wgf.state.wy.us FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department; United States Bureau of Land Management FX We thank C. Amadio, A. Kern, T. McCullar, and D. Sweet for help in the field, landowners along the Big Sandy River for allowing access, and A. Larson anti L. Ohler for administrative assistance. Funding was provided by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department and United States Bureau of Land Management. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1894/CMT-01.1 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 653QI UT WOS:000282111400008 ER PT J AU Villordo-Galvan, JA Rosas-Rosas, OC Clemente-Sanchez, F Martinez-Montoya, JF Tarango-Arambula, LA Mendoza-Martinez, G Sanchez-Hermosillo, MD Bender, LC AF Agustin Villordo-Galvan, J. Rosas-Rosas, Octavio C. Clemente-Sanchez, Fernando Felipe Martinez-Montoya, J. Tarango-Arambula, Luis A. Mendoza-Martinez, German Sanchez-Hermosillo, Manuel D. Bender, Louis C. TI THE JAGUAR (PANTHERA ONCA) IN SAN LUIS POTOSI, MEXICO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB Geographic range of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in Mexico has decreased due to illegal hunting, loss of prey, and loss of habitat. No survey of jaguars has been conducted in San Luis Potosi since 1953, despite potentially suitable habitat in the Sierra Madre Oriental. During May 2006 March 2008, we conducted 22 field surveys, including interviews of local officials, residents, landowners, and hunters from 42 communities, and searched for tracks near each location where jaguars were reported in the Huasteca Region of the Sierra Madre Oriental of San Luis Potosi. We obtained 34 records of,jaguars, 28 considered as recent records comprising >= 12 individuals and 6 historic records. Jaguars were recorded in oak forest (31.1% of records), tropical deciduous forest (28.1%), cloud forest (12.5%), tropical forest (12.5%), piedmont scrub (9.4%), pine-oak forest (3.1%), and along a border between a sugar cane plantation and tropical forest (3.1%). Locations were 150-2,400 in in elevation. We documented presence of diverse prey and four other species of felids. We generated a distribution map for jaguars and estimated loss of forests for 1970-2000. Geographical distribution of jaguars in San Luis Potosi extends north (22 degrees 30'N) to the municipality of El Naranjo, south (21 degrees 24'N) to the municipality of Xilitla, east (98 degrees 54'W) to the municipality of Ciudad Valles, and west (99 degrees 34'W) to the municipality of Rayon. The distribution comprises the subprovince of the Gran Sierra Plegada, Carso Huasteco, and Sierra del Abra Tanchipa of the Sierra Madre Oriental. Given the number of records and quality of remaining habitat, the Sierra Madre Oriental in San Luis Potosi should be considered as a high priority for long-term conservation of jaguars in Mexico. C1 [Mendoza-Martinez, German] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Prod Agr & Anim, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. [Sanchez-Hermosillo, Manuel D.] Secretaria Desarrollo Agropecuario & Recursos Hid, San Luis Potosi 78380, Mexico. [Bender, Louis C.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Bender, Louis C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Bender, Louis C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Rosas-Rosas, OC (reprint author), Campus San Luis Potosi,Iturbbide 73, Salinas de Hidalgo 78600, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. EM octaviocrr@colpos.mx FU Wildlife Conservation Society; Secretaria de Desarrollo Agropecuario y Recursos Hidraulicos, government of San Luis Potosi; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [211778] FX We thank the Jaguar Conservation Program of the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Secretaria de Desarrollo Agropecuario y Recursos Hidraulicos from the government of San Luis Potosi for funding this research. We also thank Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia for granting a graduate scholarship (211778) to J. A. Villordo Galvan. We appreciate all the support we received during field surveys and the cooperation of all individuals involved in development of this investigation. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1894/CLG-30.1 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 653QI UT WOS:000282111400010 ER PT J AU Gomez, MC Serrano, MA Pope, CE Jenkins, JA Biancardi, MN Lopez, M Dumas, C Galiguis, J Dresser, BL AF Gomez, M. C. Serrano, M. A. Pope, C. Earle Jenkins, J. A. Biancardi, M. N. Lopez, M. Dumas, C. Galiguis, J. Dresser, B. L. TI Derivation of cat embryonic stem-like cells from in vitro-produced blastocysts on homologous and heterologous feeder cells SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cat ESC; Feeder cells; Mitomycin-C; Inner cell mass isolation ID RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; INTERSTRAND CROSS-LINKS; MITOMYCIN-C; UNDIFFERENTIATED GROWTH; NUCLEAR TRANSFER; PIG BLASTOCYST; MOUSE EMBRYOS; DONOR CELLS; GERM-CELLS; LINES AB The domestic cat is a focal mammalian species that is used as a model for developing assisted reproductive technologies for preserving endangered cats and for studying human diseases. The generation of stable characterized cat embryonic stem cells (ESC) lines to use as donor nuclei may help to improve the efficiency of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer for preserving endangered cats and allow the creation of knockout cell lines to generate knockout cats for studying function of specific genes related to human diseases. It will also enable the possibility of producing gametes in vitro from ESC of endangered cats. In the present study, we report the generation of cat embryonic stem-like (cESL) cells from blastocysts derived entirely in vitro. We generated 32 cESL cell lines from 331 in vitro derived blastocysts from which inner cell masses were isolated by immunosurgery or by a mechanical method. Inhibition of cat dermal fibroblast (CDF) proliferation after exposure to mitomycin-C was both dose and time dependent, where doses of 30 to 40 mu g/mL for 5 h were most efficient. These dosages were higher than that required to inhibit cell proliferation of mouse fetal fibroblasts (MFF; 10 mu g/mL for 2.5 h). Mitomycin-C did not significantly increase necrosis of cells from either species, and had an anti-proliferative effect at concentrations below cytotoxicity. A clear species-specific relationship between feeder layers and derivation of cESL cell lines was observed, where higher numbers of cESL cell lines were generated on homologous cat feeder layers (n = 26) than from those derived on heterologous mouse feeder layers (n = 6). Three cESL cell lines generated from immunosurgery and cultured on CDF maintained self-renewal and were morphologically undifferentiated for nine and twelve passages (69-102 days). These lines showed a tightly packed dome shaped morphology, exhibited alkaline phosphatase activity and immuno-expression of the pluripotent marker OCT-4 and surface marker SSEA-1. Primary colonies at PO to P3 and cat blastocysts expressed transcription factors OCT-4, NANOG and SOX-2 and the proto-oncogene C-MYC. However, expression was at levels significantly lower than in vitro produced blastocysts. During culture, cESL colonies spontaneously differentiated into fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and embryoid bodies. Development of techniques to prevent differentiation of cESL cells will be essential for maintaining defined cell lines. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gomez, M. C.; Serrano, M. A.; Pope, C. Earle; Biancardi, M. N.; Lopez, M.; Dumas, C.; Galiguis, J.; Dresser, B. L.] Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA USA. [Serrano, M. A.; Dresser, B. L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Jenkins, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Gomez, MC (reprint author), Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA USA. EM mgomez@auduboninstitute.org NR 72 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 498 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.05.023 PG 18 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 642ZQ UT WOS:000281261600003 PM 20708127 ER PT J AU Hudy, M Coombs, JA Nislow, KH Letcher, BH AF Hudy, Mark Coombs, Jason A. Nislow, Keith H. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Dispersal and Within-Stream Spatial Population Structure of Brook Trout Revealed by Pedigree Reconstruction Analysis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; RELATEDNESS; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; TRUTTA; PARADIGM; FAMILIES; FISH AB Spatial patterns of spawning and early dispersal have important implications for the population dynamics of stream-dwelling salmonids, but the limitations of marking technology have made it difficult to measure these processes in wild populations. We used microsatellite DNA markers and sibship and parentage analyses to follow the dispersal, spatial distribution, and distribution of reproductive success in a small, isolated western Virginia population of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at 4, 16, and 28 months after fry emergence. For the 2004 year-class (high-recruitment cohort), we identified 180 full-sibling families representing individual spawning events. Offspring were unevenly distributed across families, with 16% of the families accounting for 50% of the offspring and 53% of the families being represented by fewer than three individuals. However, a large proportion of adults had some successful reproduction. Spatial and family size distributions at 4 months after emergence were similar between the 2004 and 2006 (low-recruitment) year-classes in spite of a threefold difference in abundance. The spatial locations of full sibs were closely associated, indicating limited dispersal in the first 4 months postemergence. The spatial locations of assigned parents were correlated with the locations of their offspring. For the 2004 cohort, sibling dispersal substantially increased after the 4-month sample, but neither fish length, family size (number of individuals), nor fish density was related to dispersal distance at any postemergence time interval. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of sibship and parentage analyses to reveal important aspects of brook trout population structure and movement. Our results suggest that limited dispersal by age-0 brook trout and their parents results in a high level of within-stream spatial population structure even in the absence of barriers to movement, and this must be accounted for in genetic surveys and management studies. C1 [Hudy, Mark] James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Hudy, M (reprint author), James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Mail Stop Code 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. EM hudymx@csm.jmu.edu RI Hudy, Mark/D-4106-2013 FU James Madison University, George Washington and Jefferson National Forest; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center; Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory FX The following organizations provided financial assistance or volunteer support: James Madison University, George Washington and Jefferson National Forest; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; and U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center; and Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory. The authors are appreciative of the help of the following individuals: Seth Coffman, Jeremy Shiflet, Morgan McHugh, Brad Fink, Sara Sweeten, Keith Whalen, Teresa Thieling, Chas Kyger, Brad Trumbo, Eric Hallerman, and Gonzalo Mendez. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1276 EP 1287 DI 10.1577/T10-027.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000002 ER PT J AU Seitz, AC Norcross, BL Payne, JC Kagley, AN Meloy, B Gregg, JL Hershberger, PK AF Seitz, Andrew C. Norcross, Brenda L. Payne, John C. Kagley, Anna N. Meloy, Buck Gregg, Jacob L. Hershberger, Paul K. TI Feasibility of Surgically Implanting Acoustic Tags into Pacific Herring SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; GROWTH; SALMON; TROUT AB Internally implanted acoustic tags represent a potentially valuable approach to assessing the seasonal migration and distribution patterns of Pacific herring Clupea palasii. We examined the feasibility of implanting two sizes of dummy acoustic tags (9 mm in diameter x 21 mm long, 1.6 g; and 7 mm in diameter x 18 mm long, 0.7 g) in Pacific herring that had been held in captivity for nearly a year and that ranged from 165 to 215 mm in fork length (FL) and from 41.6 to 142.6 g. Relatively low mortality (4%) and tag shedding (4%), as well as growth similar to that observed in control fish after 135 d, indicate that, with proper handling, Pacific herring are amenable to surgical implantation of acoustic tags. C1 [Seitz, Andrew C.; Norcross, Brenda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kagley, Anna N.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Payne, John C.] Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. [Gregg, Jacob L.; Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Seitz, AC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM aseitz@sfos.uaf.edu FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This research was conducted under the University of Alaska-Fairbanks Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Assurance of Animal Care 08-69. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Project 070819, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Additional technical support was provided by Rachael Collins, USGS Marrowstone Marine Field Station, and Wyatt Fournier, NOAA Fisheries, Ted Stevens Marine Science Institute. Pacific herring were provided by Marty Sanbeck. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the USGS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1291 DI 10.1577/T09-195.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000003 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Kidwell, RH AF Miranda, L. E. Kidwell, R. H. TI Unintended Effects of Electrofishing on Nongame Fishes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INJURY; TROUT; POPULATION; MORTALITY; MODEL AB Most studies of injury associated with electrofishing have focused on game fishes, but few have given attention to cohabiting small nongame species. Under controlled laboratory conditions, we subjected small nongame cyprinids, ictalurids, and percids to a wide range of voltages and waveforms to examine potential harmful effects. Fish were treated with power levels distributed uniformly between the thresholds required to immobilize game fish and also were subjected multiple times to those thresholds to simulate the range of conditions that might exist in a heterogeneous electrical field formed during electrofishing in field situations. Across waveforms and species, the incidence of hemorrhages averaged 2% (range = 0-20%), the incidence of spinal injuries averaged 6% (range 0-30%), and mortality averaged 16% (range = 0-90%). Continuous DC was generally less harmful than pulsed-DC waveforms; hemorrhages and spinal injuries tended to increase with high pulse frequencies, and mortalities tended to increase with low pulse frequencies. Ambiguities in the results were apparent, suggesting that some species may experience extensive harm, whereas others may not. Given the potential to harm numerically small populations and populations of imperiled species, we suggest (1) expanded efforts to overcome the power limitations that prevent effective use of continuous-DC electrofishing in many field situations and (2) pilot studies at geographic locations where numerically small populations of nongame species may be a concern. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kidwell, R. H.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through Fisheries Management Section of the American Fisheries Society FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding through a grant to the Fisheries Management Section of the American Fisheries Society. J. Boxrucker was instrumental to securing and administering the grant. The College of Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Facilities at Mississippi State University provided access to laboratory space and equipment. M. Thomas reexamined radiographs to confirm interpretation of spinal injuries. J. Dean, L. Kolz, J. Reynolds, and D. Shoup provided constructive reviews that improved the manuscript. This research was conducted under approval by Mississippi State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol 98-011). The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1321 DI 10.1577/T09-225.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000006 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Adams, JV AF Riley, Stephen C. Adams, Jean V. TI Long-Term Trends in Habitat Use of Offshore Demersal Fishes in Western Lake Huron Suggest Large-Scale Ecosystem Change SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; GOBY APOLLONIA-MELANOSTOMA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ROUND GOBY; ZEBRA MUSSEL; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTIONS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA AB We estimated mean depths of capture for offshore demersal fish species, grouped into three habitat-based guilds (shallow benthic, pelagic, and deep benthic), using fall bottom trawl data (27-73 m) in the western main basin of Lake Huron from 1976 to 2007. The mean depth of capture of the shallow and deep benthic guilds initially exhibited a trend toward capture in shallower water, switched to a trend toward capture in deeper water in 1991, and changed back to a trend toward capture in shallower water in 2001-2002. Species in the pelagic guild showed a similar pattern, but the initial change point occurred in 1981 for this guild. Individual species in these guilds showed variable patterns of depth distribution, but a feature common to all guilds and all pelagic and deep benthic species was a change to a trend toward capturing fish in shallower water that occurred nearly simultaneously (1999-2002). These common trends suggest that large-scale factors are affecting the habitat use of offshore demersal fish species in Lake Huron. The depth distributions of the three guilds have converged in recent years, indicating that the locations of suitable habitat for offshore demersal fishes may be changing. Our results indicate that the benthic ecology of the western main basin of Lake Huron is undergoing profound changes across a large spatial scale that are affecting the habitat use of offshore demersal fishes. We suggest that these changes are related to recent invasions of exotic species. C1 [Riley, Stephen C.; Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013 NR 77 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1322 EP 1334 DI 10.1577/T09-090.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000007 ER PT J AU Kappenman, KM Webb, MAH Cureton, ES Ilgen, J AF Kappenman, Kevin M. Webb, Molly A. H. Cureton, Elijah S. Ilgen, Jason TI Determination of Upper Temperature Tolerance in June Sucker Larvae: Is the Transition to Utah Lake Temperatures a Recruitment Bottleneck? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DETERMINING THERMAL TOLERANCE; ONTOGENIC BEHAVIOR; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; PALLID STURGEON; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; STREAM FISHES; BODY COLOR; RIVER; MIGRATION AB The June sucker Chasmistes liorus is an endangered adfluvial fish species that is endemic to the Utah Lake basin. This species remains endangered due to a lack of recruitment. Anthropogenic changes to June sucker lotic and lentic habitat has likely led to recruitment failure. Changes to Utah Lake include increased water temperature, increased turbidity, and eutrophic and saline conditions. The remaining spawning habitat for June suckers in the Provo River has experienced flow, temperature, and channelization modifications. We tested the hypothesis that recruitment failure is caused by a thermal shock that occurs when larvae are transported in the drift out of the Provo River (12-19 degrees C) and into Utah Lake (17-25 degrees C). We used two laboratory methods-direct transfer and acclimated chronic exposure (ACE)-to determine (1) the upper lethal temperature (ULT) and (2) the acute and chronic mortality associated with larval exposure to an acute thermal shock. The ULT of larvae acclimated to 16 degrees C was 33 degrees C. Survival varied from 81% to 95% for larvae that were directly transferred from 16 degrees C (acclimation temperature) to 19-29 degrees C and held for 7 d; survival was not significantly different from that of the 16 degrees C control. A modified ACE method was used to mimic the river-to-lake transition. Acclimation temperatures of 12, 16, and 19 degrees C were increased by 5-8 degrees C over 4-6 h. After approximately 30 d, survival ranged from 42% (transition from 16 degrees C to 21 degrees C) to 87% (transition from 19 degrees C to 27 degrees C). Mean weight of fish that received the 19-27 degrees C transition treatment was significantly greater than that of all other treatment groups except the 19-25 degrees C transition group. Warmer incubation and rearing temperatures led to increased growth and survival. We conclude that thermal shock does not explain June sucker larval recruitment failure in Utah Lake, and we suggest that other factors are responsible for the recruitment failure. C1 [Kappenman, Kevin M.; Webb, Molly A. H.; Cureton, Elijah S.; Ilgen, Jason] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kappenman, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kevin_kappenman@fws.gov FU Utah Reclamation, Mitigation, and Conservation Commission; Central Utah Water Conservancy District FX We appreciate the information and support for this project provided by Maureen Wilson (Utah Reclamation, Mitigation, and Conservation Commission) and Michael Mills (Central Utah Water Conservancy District). We thank Doug Routledge (UDWR Fisheries Experiment Station) for supplying June sucker embryos. We recognize Keri Lackey, Matt Toner, Cal Frazer, Yvette Converse, and all of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) BFTC staff members who made this project possible. We thank Frederic T. Barrows (U.S. Department of Agriculture) for manufacturing June sucker feed. This manuscript benefited from the thoughtful reviews provided by Robert Muth, Doug Markle, an anonymous reviewer, and the editors. This project was funded by a grant from the Utah Reclamation, Mitigation, and Conservation Commission and by contributions from the USFWS. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1386 EP 1398 DI 10.1577/T09-169.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000011 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Butryn, RS McDonald, RP AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Butryn, Ryan S. McDonald, Richard P. TI Summer Stream Water Temperature Models for Great Lakes Streams: New York SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; ONTARIO TRIBUTARIES; AIR TEMPERATURES; MICHIGAN STREAMS; THERMAL REGIME; NEW-BRUNSWICK; LAND-USE; FISH; RIVER AB Temperature is one of the most important environmental influences on aquatic organisms. It is a primary driver of physiological rates and many abiotic processes. However, despite extensive research and measurements, synoptic estimates of water temperature are not available for most regions, limiting our ability to make systemwide and large-scale assessments of aquatic resources or estimates of aquatic species abundance and biodiversity. We used subwatershed averaging of point temperature measurements and associated multiscale landscape habitat conditions from over 3,300 lotic sites throughout New York State to develop and train artificial neural network models. Separate models predicting water temperature (in cold, cool, and warm temperature classes) within small catchment-stream order groups were developed for four modeling units, which together encompassed the entire state. Water temperature predictions were then made for each stream segment in the state. All models explained more than 90% of data variation. Elevation, riparian forest cover, landscape slope, and growing degree-days were among the most important model predictors of water temperature classes. Geological influences varied among regions. Predicted temperature distributions within stream networks displayed patterns of generally increasing temperature downstream but were patchy due to the averaging of water temperatures within stream size-classes of small drainages. Models predicted coldwater streams to be most numerous and warmwater streams to be generally associated with the largest rivers and relatively flat agricultural areas and urban areas. Model predictions provide a complete, georeferenced map of summer daytime mean stream temperature potential throughout New York State that can be used for planning and assessment at spatial scales from the stream segment class to the entire state. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Butryn, Ryan S.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [McDonald, Richard P.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13605 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov FU USGS FX We thank S. Hurst and C. Festa of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for providing access to the fish and temperature database. We would also like to acknowledge all those who helped provide the georeferenced habitat databases that are critical to this and other research. We are indebted to M. Slattery, J. Rugirello, M. Henry, and others for assistance with analysis and geographical information systems management. We are grateful to K. Wehrly, P. Sullivan, and other reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Funding for this research was provided by the USGS National Gap Analysis Program. This paper is contribution number 1589 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1399 EP 1414 DI 10.1577/T09-153.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000012 ER PT J AU Fernandes, SJ Zydlewski, GB Zydlewski, JD Wippelhauser, GS Kinnison, MT AF Fernandes, Stephen J. Zydlewski, Gayle Barbin Zydlewski, Joseph D. Wippelhauser, Gail S. Kinnison, Michael T. TI Seasonal Distribution and Movements of Shortnose Sturgeon and Atlantic Sturgeon in the Penobscot River Estuary, Maine SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; DELAWARE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; CAROLINA; CANADA AB Relatively little is known about the distribution and seasonal movement patterns of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum and Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus occupying rivers in the northern part of their range. During 2006 and 2007, 40 shortnose sturgeon (66-113.4 cm fork length [FL]) and 8 Atlantic sturgeon (76.2-166.2 cm FL) were captured in the Penobscot River, Maine, implanted with acoustic transmitters, and monitored using an array of acoustic receivers in the Penobscot River estuary and Penobscot Bay. Shortnose sturgeon were present year round in the estuary and overwintered from fall (mid-October) to spring (mid-April) in the upper estuary. In early spring, all individuals moved downstream to the middle estuary. Over the course of the summer, many individuals moved upstream to approximately 2 km of the downstream-most dam (46 river kilometers [rkm] from the Penobscot River mouth [rkm 0]) by August. Most aggregated into an overwintering site (rkm 36.5) in mid-to late fall. As many as 50% of the tagged shortnose sturgeon moved into and out of the Penobscot River system during 2007, and 83% were subsequently detected by an acoustic array in the Kennebec River, located 150 km from the Penobscot River estuary. Atlantic sturgeon moved into the estuary from the ocean in the summer and concentrated into a 1.5-km reach. All Atlantic sturgeon moved to the ocean by fall, and two of these were detected in the Kennebec River. Although these behaviors are common for Atlantic sturgeon, regular coastal migrations of shortnose sturgeon have not been documented previously in this region. These results have important implications for future dam removals as well as for rangewide and river-specific shortnose sturgeon management. C1 [Zydlewski, Gayle Barbin] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Wippelhauser, Gail S.] Maine Dept Marine Resources, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Zydlewski, GB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gayle.zydlewski@maine.edu FU NMFS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Fisheries) FX This research was funded by a grant from NMFS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Fisheries). All methods were conducted under NOAA ESA Section 10 Permit Number 1595 for take of protected species for scientific purposes. Additional support was provided by the USGS Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the University of Maine, the Maine Department of Marine Resources, and The Nature Conservancy. This project would not have been possible without the assistance of the NOAA Fisheries Maine Field Office and the many graduate and undergraduate students, faculty, staff, and volunteers who contributed time and effort. We thank Boyd Kynard and Micah Kieffer at the USGS S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory. The manuscript benefited from the reviews of James Hawkes and James McCleave. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper is Contribution Number 3134 of the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1436 EP 1449 DI 10.1577/T09-122.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000015 ER PT J AU Pavey, SA Nielsen, JL Mackas, RH Hamon, TR Breden, F AF Pavey, Scott A. Nielsen, Jennifer L. Mackas, Renae H. Hamon, Troy R. Breden, Felix TI Contrasting Ecology Shapes Juvenile Lake-Type and Riverine Sockeye Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA POPULATIONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LIFE-HISTORY; COHO SALMON; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RECURRENT EVOLUTION; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; CHINOOK SALMON AB Here we compare the body shape of juvenile (age-0) sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka that rear in lakes (lake type) with that of those that rear in rivers (riverine) and relate rearing habitat to morphology and ecology. The two habitats present different swimming challenges with respect to water flow, foraging strategy, habitat complexity, and predation level. We present morphological data from three riverine and three lake-type populations in southwest Alaska. Using multivariate analyses conducted via geometric morphometrics, we determine population- and habitat-specific body shape. As predicted, riverine sockeye salmon have a more robust body shape, whereas lake-type sockeye salmon have a more streamlined body shape. In particular, we found differences in caudal peduncle depth (riverine deeper), eye size (riverine larger), and overall body depth (riverine deeper). One lake-type population did not follow the predicted pattern, exhibiting an overall exaggerated riverine body shape. Differences between the habitats in terms of predation, complexity, and foraging ecology are probably drivers of these differences. Allometry differed between life history types, suggesting that there are habitat-specific developmental differences. C1 [Pavey, Scott A.; Mackas, Renae H.; Breden, Felix] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Pavey, Scott A.; Hamon, Troy R.] Natl Pk Serv, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. [Nielsen, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Pavey, SA (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM spavey@sfu.ca FU National Park Service; U. S. Geological Survey; Alaska Experimental Program; National Science Foundation; University of Alaska-Anchorage; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX We thank R. Beamish, J. Reynolds, B. Langerhans, F. Utter, C. Wood, and four anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. We thank the Evolution Discussion Group (FAB*-Lab [Felix, Arne, Bernie, and Mike Laboratory]) at Simon Fraser University and the Vancouver Evolution Group for critical discussions of this work. We thank E. Wang, M. McBurney, J. E. Krebs, B. Girard, K. Bunney, T. Tingey, J. L. Miller, J. Marcus, R. Rumelhart, and the Staff of Katmai National Park for field assistance. We thank B. Langerhans and H. Alexander for help with analysis. We thank W. D. Noon and R. Wood for help with graphics. This work was funded by the National Park Service, the U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, National Science Foundation, University of Alaska-Anchorage, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council operating grant to F. Breden, Simon Fraser University. Use of any trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U. S. government. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1584 EP 1594 DI 10.1577/T09-182.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 659VC UT WOS:000282594000025 ER PT J AU Pierluissi, S King, SL Kaller, MD AF Pierluissi, Sergio King, Sammy L. Kaller, Michael D. TI Waterbird Nest Density and Nest Survival in Rice Fields of Southwestern Louisiana SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Common Moorhen; Fulvous Whistling Duck; nest searching; Purple Gallinule ID MAYFIELD METHOD; SUCCESS; MODELS AB Rice fields in southwestern Louisiana provide breeding habitat for several waterbird species; however, little is known about nest density, nest survival and the importance of landscape context of rice fields in determining breeding activity. In 2004, 42 rice fields were searched for nests, and 40 were searched in 2005. Land uses surrounding rice fields, including irrigation canals, trees, crawfish ponds, rice, fallow and soybean fields, were examined to determine influence on nest density and survival. Nest densities were 13.5-16.0 nests/km(2) for Purple Gallinules (Porphyrio "martinica), 3.0-13.7 nests/km(2) for Fulvous Whistling Ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor), 2.6-2.8 nests/km(2) for Common Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus), 0.3-0.92 nests/km(2) for Least Bitterns (Ixobrychus exilisi) and 0-0.6 nests/km(2) for Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula). Nest survival was 52-79% for Purple Gallinules and 39-43% for Fulvous Whistling Ducks. Apparent nest success of Common Moorhens was 73-75%, 83% for Least Bitterns and 33% for Mottled Ducks. Purple Gallinule and Common Moorhen nest densities were highest in fields with a larger proportion of irrigation canals surrounding rice fields. Purple Gallinule nest densities were greater in fields devoid of trees and landscapes dominated by rice fields and pasture, rather than landscapes containing soybean fields and residential areas. Fulvous Whistling Duck nest densities were higher in agriculturally-dominated landscapes with few trees. Received 17 June 2009, accepted 29 May 2010. C1 [King, Sammy L.] LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pierluissi, Sergio; Kaller, Michael D.] LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pierluissi, Sergio] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alabama Field Off, Daphne, AL 36526 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sking16@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; AgCenter at Louisiana State University FX We thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for funding and the AgCenter at Louisiana State University for providing other financial and logistical support. Field assistance was provided by B. Amos, J. Englebert, D. Haynes, C. LeDoux and M. Perkins. Several rice farmers were generous in allowing access to their fields. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1675/063.033.0308 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TN UT WOS:000284498200007 ER PT J AU Davis, BE Afton, AD AF Davis, Bruce E. Afton, Alan D. TI Movement Distances and Habitat Switching by Female Mallards Wintering in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; Arkansas; habitat switching; Louisiana; Mallard; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; movements; radiotelemetry; refuging; winter ID WATERFOWL; DEPLETION; DUCKS; RICE; FOOD AB Mallard (Anus platyrhynchos) populations in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (hereafter, LMAV) comprise the largest concentration of wintering Mallards in North America. Radiotelemetry techniques were employed to assess movements by female Mallards during winters of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006; 467 paired (diurnal and nocturnal) observations on 80 radiomarked females were attained to assess effects of date, female age, hunting regime and habitat type on distances moved and potential habitat switching. Distance moved increased with date for females diurnally located in RICE but decreased for females in FOREST. Median movement distance was 1.5 km, suggesting suitable habitats for all activities were in close proximity. Habitat switching varied among diurnal habitat types used by females. Females diurnally located in FOREST and REFOR switched habitats in <= 22% of paired observations, whereas females diurnally located in RICE switched habitats in 55% of paired observations. The decreased movement distances and less frequent habitat switching by females using forested habitats should reduce their energy expenditure and exposure to predation risk. The results document the importance of forested wet-lands to Mallards wintering in the LMAV and provide support for programs that protect and restore such habitats. Received 18 November 2009, accepted 16 January 2010. C1 [Davis, Bruce E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Davis, BE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 336 RNR Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bdavi29@tigers.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; USFWS; USGS-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; School of Renewable Natural Resources; Agricultural Center; Graduate School; USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Louisiana State University FX Financial and logistical support was provided by Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., USFWS, USGS-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, and the School of Renewable Natural Resources, Agricultural Center, Graduate School and USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Louisiana State University. We thank C. Booth, M. Chouinard, R. Cox, Jr., S. Durham, D. Ellerman, G. Gooding, A. Hammond, J. Hanks, R. Helm, J. Johnson, L. Lewis, K. McCarter, T. Moorman, K. Ouchley and B. Strader for support. C. Coates, J. Ferguson, P. Finley, M. Lyons, C. Odom, T. Michot and A. Nygren piloted planes during aerial telemetry surveys. R Link, M. Pieron and anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. We especially thank field technicians, J. Bolenbaugh, J. Denton, J. Rainbolt, A. Richardson, A. Sommerville, T. Watts and E. Winters for work under difficult conditions. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1675/063.033.0311 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TN UT WOS:000284498200010 ER PT J AU Harrington, BA Koch, S Niles, LK Kalasz, K AF Harrington, Brian A. Koch, Stephanie Niles, Larry K. Kalasz, Kevin TI Red Knots with Different Winter Destinations: Differential Use of an Autumn Stopover Area SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Calidris canutus rufa; differential migration; endangered; habitat use; Massachusetts; migration stopover; molt; plumage; Red Knot; shorebird ID CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; DELAWARE BAY; SHOREBIRDS AB Southward migrating Red Knots (Calidris carnal's) were surveyed on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Unique markers, including ones applied to birds in wintering areas in North and South America, were found. Northern and southern-marked knots had different migration chronologies, plumage characteristics and flight feather molt. Knots from the two groups were found to have different foods and foraging habitats. Numbers of knots more than one year old were found to increase from mid-July to mid-August, decline during late August and then increase in September-October. As numbers declined in August, the proportion of knots from South America decreased and, by I September, all remaining marked birds had been tagged in North America. Average minimum stopover durations were found to vary according to original banding locations, e.g. 8.5 (+/- 2.6) days for South America, 14.2 (+/- 3.2) clays for Delaware Bay, 16.1 (+/- 3.5) days for the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast and 49.5 (+/- 24.6) days for Florida. The proportion of knots with alternate plumage was higher in July-August than in September and by mid-October almost all had basic plumage. Also, low numbers (tens) of basic-plumaged knots-probably one-year-old subadults were found during July-August; most had active flight feather molt. First-arriving juvenile knots were seen beginning in the third week of August and their numbers peaked in mid-September. Differential uses of foraging and roosting habitats were found to be related to migration destinations. Vital habitats that should be managed for protection of threatened Red Knots at this key southward migration stopover area were identified. Received 17 September 2009, accepted 31 March 2010. C1 [Harrington, Brian A.] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. [Koch, Stephanie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Niles, Larry K.] Conserve Wildlife Fdn New Jersey, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Kalasz, Kevin] Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. RP Harrington, BA (reprint author), Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, POB 1770, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. EM bharrington@manomet.org FU Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife; Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife FX We thank the Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, and the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife for support. We also thank the cadres of volunteers and professionals who worked to catch and mark knots. We are grateful for the survey work in 2005-2006 that was largely done by J. Walker. We also are grateful for comments on the manuscript by R. I. G. Morrison, S. C. Brown, M. H. Sheldon and an anonymous referee. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1675/063.033.0312 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TN UT WOS:000284498200011 ER PT J AU Darrah, AJ Krementz, DG AF Darrah, Abigail J. Krementz, David G. TI Occupancy and Habitat Use of the Least Bittern and Pied-billed Grebe in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi River Valleys SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE habitat use; Ixobrychus exilis; Least Bittern; Mississippi River; Missouri; occupancy; Pied-billed Grebe; Podilymbus podiceps; wetlands ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; WESTERN NEW-YORK; MARSH BIRDS; KING RAILS; ABUNDANCE; VEGETATION; TENNESSEE; BROADCAST; SELECTION AB The Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) and the Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) are secretive marsh bird species that breed in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi River Valleys. Marsh bird surveys were conducted on public and private wetlands in this region during the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007. Detection probability ((rho) over cap) and site occupancy probability ((psi) over cap) were estimated for each species separately for each year. Candidate models including sampling and habitat covariates were compared using AIC(c), to determine what variables had the greatest influence on (rho) over cap and (psi) over cap. Average 0 for Least Bitterns was 0.29 in 2006 and 0.18 in 2007, and varied throughout the 2007 survey season. Average (rho) over cap for Pied-billed Grebes was 0.44 in 2006 and 0.22 in 2007, and an observer effect was found in 2007. Overall (psi) over cap for Least Bitterns was 0.17 in 2006 and 0.14 in 2007. Least Bittern occupancy was positively related to tall emergent vegetation cover in both years and to water-vegetation interspersion in 2007, and was negatively related to woody vegetation cover in 2007. Overall (psi) over cap for Pied-billed Grebes was 0.21 in 2006 and 0.31 in 2007. Pied-billed Grebe occupancy was negatively related to woody vegetation cover in both years, and was positively related to areas of open water in 2006. Land managers targeting these species should provide wetlands free from woody vegetation with extensive areas of open water for Pied-billed Grebes, and tall emergent vegetation interspersed with small pools of water for Least Bitterns. Received 8 May 2009, accepted 23 March 2010. C1 [Darrah, Abigail J.] 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Krementz, David G.] 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Darrah, AJ (reprint author), 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM adarrah@uark.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS-Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank C. E Chambers, D. Ellis, C. Gregory, K. A. Pursley, A. L. Lagemann, J. Mabery, K. Dalrymple, B. Loges and M. Flaspholer for logistical and field support. We thank N. Booth, D. Tecic, G. Blackmore, T. Hobson, M. Sprenger, K. Manara and S. Duckworth for logistical support. Funding was provided by the Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the USGS-Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 29 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1675/063.033.0314 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TN UT WOS:000284498200013 ER PT J AU Perkins, M King, SL Linscombe, J AF Perkins, Marie King, Sammy L. Linscombe, Jeb TI Effectiveness of Capture Techniques for Rails in Emergent Marsh and Agricultural Wetlands SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE airboat; capture techniques; Clapper Rail; King Rail; Sora; Virginia Rail; Yellow Rail ID PLAYBACK; HABITAT AB A reliable and effective technique for capturing rails would improve researchers' ability to study these secretive marsh birds. The time effectiveness and capture success of four methods for capturing rails in emergent marsh and agricultural wetlands in southern Louisiana and Texas were evaluated during winter and breeding seasons. Methods were hand and net capture from an airboat at night, an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) at night, an ATV during daylight rice harvest and passive capture using drop-door traps with drift fencing. Five hundred and twenty rails were captured (and 21 recaptures): 192 King Rails (Rallus elegans), 74 Clapper Rails (R. longirostris), 110 Virginia Rails (R. limicola), 125 Sora (Porzana carolina) and 40 Yellow Rails (Coturnicops noveboracensis). Methods used at night were effective at capturing rails: capture from airboats yielded 2.13 rails per hour each airboat was operated and capture from ATVs yielded 1.80 rails per hour each ATV was operated. During daylight, captures from ATVs during rice harvest (0.25 rails per hour each ATV was operated) and passive drop-door traps with drift fencing (0.0054 rails per trap hour) were both inefficient. Received 5 May 2009, accepted 23 March 2010. C1 [Perkins, Marie; King, Sammy L.] LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Linscombe, Jeb] Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, LA 70643 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sking@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FX The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries provided funding for this research through Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge. We thank G. Melancon, P. Trosclair, D. Richard, D. Lejeune, T. Hess, M. Whitbeck, S. Lejeune, P. Walther, M. Nance, T. Blair, C. Lejeune, S. Regan, M. Hoff, B. Leonard, R. Elsey, S. Pierluissi, A. Pierce, J. O'Connell, M. Maley and J. Trent for field assistance. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 25 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1675/063.033.0315 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 683TN UT WOS:000284498200014 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Pastor, J AF De Jager, Nathan R. Pastor, John TI Effects of simulated moose Alces alces browsing on the morphology of rowan Sorbus aucuparia SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alces alces; bite mass; forage biomass; herbivory; moose; plant morphology; rowan; Sorbus aucuparia ID FREE-RANGING MOOSE; ISLE-ROYALE; BOREAL FOREST; GENERALIST HERBIVORE; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; ACCOMPANIED CHANGES; POPULATION-DENSITY; DIET OPTIMIZATION; NATIONAL-PARK; WOODY-PLANTS AB In much of northern Sweden moose Alces alces browse rowan Sorbus aucuparia heavily and commonly revisit previously browsed plants. Repeated browsing of rowan by moose has created some concern for its long-term survival in heavily browsed areas. We therefore measured how four years of simulated moose browsing at four population densities (0, 10, 30 and 50 moose! 1,000 ha) changed plant height, crown width, available bite mass, the number of bites per plant and per plant forage biomass of rowan saplings. Increased biomass removal led to a significant decline in plant height (P < 0.001), but a significant increase in the number of bites per plant (P=0.012). Increases in the number of bites per plant more than compensated for weak decreases in bite mass, leading to a weak increase in per plant forage biomass (P=0.072). With the decline in plant height and increase in the number of stems per plant, a greater number of bites remain within the height reach of moose relative to unbrowsed controls. Moose therefore stand to benefit from revisiting previously browsed plants, which may result in feeding loops between moose and previously browsed rowan saplings. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol,Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Pastor, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov; jpastor@umn.edu RI De Jager, Nathan/B-8470-2013; Pastor, John/F-6241-2011 FU National Science Foundation FX our research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation's Long-term Research in Environmental Biology Program, and their support is greatly appreciated. We thank everyone who helped to maintain the exclosures and apply the moose population density treatments over the years. We also thank Kjell Danell and Inga-Lill Persson for their logistical support, and for their hospitality while we visited Sweden. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.2981/09-105 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 673ZG UT WOS:000283702100009 ER PT J AU Ruggera, RA Martin, TE AF Ruggera, Roman A. Martin, Thomas E. TI BREEDING BIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE SLATE-THROATED WHITESTART IN VENEZUELA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; NEST PREDATION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; REDSTARTS MYIOBORUS; INCUBATION PERIODS; EVOLUTION; SUCCESS; BIRDS; RATES; TEMPERATURE AB We provide details on the breeding biology of the Slate-throated Whitestart (Myioborus miniatus) from 126 nests found during seven breeding seasons, 2002-2008, at Yacambu National Park, Venezuela. Nesting activity peaked in late April and May. Only the female built the nest and incubated the eggs. Males rarely visited the nest during these stages. Mean clutch size (2.1 +/- 0.04 eggs, n = 93) was the smallest recorded for the Slate-throated Whitestart. Incubation and nestling period lengths were 15.3 +/- 0.31 (n = 21) and 10.8 +/- 0.24 (n = 7) days, respectively. Attentiveness (% of time on the nest) during incubation (59 +/- 1.6%, n = 52) was similar to other tropical warblers and much lower than northern relatives. This caused a relatively low egg temperature (34.40 +/- 0.33 degrees C, n = 6 nests, 20 days) compared with north temperate birds. Both parents fed nestlings and increased their provisioning rates with nestling age. Growth rate based on nestling mass (k = 0.521 +/- 0.015) was faster than for other tropical passerines but slower than northern relatives. Predation was the main cause of nesting failure and rate of predation increased with age of the nest. An estimated 15% of nests were successful based on an overall Mayfield daily predation rate of 0.053 +/- 0.007. This study confirms a strong latitudinal variation in life history traits of warblers. C1 [Ruggera, Roman A.; Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Ruggera, RA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Tucuman, CONICET, IER, Fac Cs Nat, CC 34, RA-4107 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. EM raruggera@yahoo.com.ar RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU NSF [DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764] FX We thank Carlos Bosque for substantial logistical support in aiding this work. We also thank many assistants for valuable help in the field. We are grateful to Amy Stokes for help with data summary and T. E. Martin's and Pedro Blendinger's laboratories for helpful comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to J. L. Perez-Eman, J. G. Blake, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and improvements to the manuscript. This study was made possible in part by support under NSF grants DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178, and DEB-0841764 to T. E. Martin. Permit numbers are DM/0000237 from FONACIT, PA-INP-005-2004 from INPARQUES, and 01-03-03-1147 from Ministerio del Ambiente. Any use of trade names is to aid method descriptions only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1676/09-151.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 653RT UT WOS:000282115100004 ER PT J AU Jones, SL Dieni, JS Gouse, PJ AF Jones, Stephanie L. Dieni, J. Scott Gouse, Paula J. TI REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF A GRASSLAND SONGBIRD COMMUNITY IN NORTHCENTRAL MONTANA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE SELECTION PATTERNS; NEST PREDATION; BAIRDS SPARROW; PRAIRIE; BIRDS; INCUBATION; VEGETATION; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; SUCCESS AB Successful conservation of grassland bird populations requires basic information on their breeding biology; in particular, information from undisturbed native prairie over an extended period of time. We present data collected at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge in northcentral Montana on the reproductive biology of six grassland bird species that breed in mixed-grass prairie: Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii), Savannah (Passerculus sandwichensis), Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum), and Baird's (A. bairdii) sparrows, Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus), and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). Basic measures of reproductive biology are presented, including estimates of nest density, phenology, fecundity, parasitism rates, and nest success, and how these and other characteristics varied across years. Nests (n = 1,494) of the six focal species accounted for 98% of all passerine nests found during 1997 2007; Chestnut-collared Longspurs (51%) were the dominant breeding species. Total nest density across years ranged from 20 to 41 nests per 40 ha (CV = 26%) on unburned sites. Mean clutch initiation date and clutch size varied little across years; however, clutch size tended to decrease over the course of a season, regardless of bird species. Daily nest survival rates did not differ markedly among bird species, but did vary substantially among years, suggesting that year-dependent factors were affecting nest success among all species similarly. C1 [Jones, Stephanie L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Dieni, J. Scott] Redstart Consulting, Evergreen, CO 80439 USA. [Gouse, Paula J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Malta, MT 59538 USA. RP Jones, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 25486 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM stephanie_jones@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nongame Migratory Bird Program, Region 6. Field support and resources were provided by J. E. Comely, C. R. Luna, D. M. Prellwitz, and the staff at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge. We thank the many dedicated field assistants who worked on this project over the years: Brice Adams, A. C. Araya, B. S. Atchley, R. R. Conover, Michael Friedrich, Jeanne Hammond, D. I. Hedegaard, Jessica Hinz, B. G. Larson, Rebecca Lind, L. B. Lingohr, S. N. Luttich, Kevin Payne, Heather Sauls, Caroline Stahala. Vicki Trabold, P. N. Wiederrick. and J. K. Wood. We are also grateful to M. T. Green, G. R. Guepel, and J. R. Ruth for insights that contributed to the design and conduct of this study. D. J. Ingold, D. H. Johnson, and an anonymous reviewer provided edits and comments that substantially improved this paper. We thank Mike Artmann for the map in Fig. 1. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1676/08-171.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 653RT UT WOS:000282115100005 ER PT J AU Davis, CA Leslie, DM Walter, WD Graber, AE AF Davis, Craig A. Leslie, David M., Jr. Walter, W. David Graber, Allen E. TI MOUNTAIN BIKING TRAIL USE AFFECTS REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF NESTING GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLERS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL TRAILS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HABITAT STRUCTURE; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; RURAL LANDSCAPES; ELAPHE-OBSOLETA; FOREST; SIZE; PREDATION; SURVIVAL AB We evaluated foraging and nesting behavior, territory size, and nest success of Golden-checked Warblers (Dendroica chrysoparia), a federally endangered songbird, relative to mountain biking trail use. We conducted our study at two mountain biking sites and two control sites at Fort Hood Military Base and in Austin, Texas, in spring 2002 and 2003. Territories of male Golden-checked Warblers in biking sites (2.2 ha) were >1.5 times as large as those in non-biking sites (1.4 ha). Mayfield nest success in biking sites (n = 33) was 35% compared to 70% in non-biking sites (n = 22). Nest abandonment was three times greater in biking areas (15%) than non-biking areas (5%). Seven nests were depredated in biking sites, but only two nests were depredated in non-biking sites. Texas rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) were the most frequent nest predator at biking sites, accounting for 71% of the predations. We conducted behavioral observations of male Golden-checked Warblers in biking (n = 139) and non-biking (n = 204) sites. Males spent similar amounts of time in diurnal behaviors in biking and non-biking sites. We used video-camera systems to record female nesting behaviors at 17 nests in biking sites and 15 nests in non-biking sites. Nesting behaviors of females did not differ between biking and non-biking sites. The cumulative effect of disturbance from mountain biking trail use on Golden-checked Warbler foraging and nesting behavior appears to be minimal, but fragmentation and alteration of habitat by mountain biking trails may reduce quality of nesting habitat for Golden-checked Warblers. C1 [Davis, Craig A.; Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Walter, W. David] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Graber, Allen E.] SWCA Environm Consultants, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Davis, CA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM craig.a.davis@okstate.edu FU U.S. Army Fort Hood Military Base; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory; Nature Conservancy of Fort Hood Field Office FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Fort Hood Military Base and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Jones Technologies, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating) administered the grant and provided logistical support. We also thank The Nature Conservancy of Fort Hood Field Office for their support. We appreciate the support of J. D. Cornelius, D. M. Herbert, T. J. Hayden, and C. E. Pekins during data collection at Fort Hood field sites, and D. M. Koehler and C. M. Abbruzzese for support during data collection at Austin field sites. We thank J. L. Sterling, M. M. Stake, K. T. Cutrera, V. D. Bump, and H. M. Oswald along with numerous volunteers for data collection; A. Reisch for recording parental behavior from video tapes; B. D. Hebert and T. J. Richardson for recording male behavior from microcassettes and entering behavior data; A. J. Fritchie for sorting and identifying arthropods; and A. D. Thomas for data entry. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1676/09-184.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 653RT UT WOS:000282115100006 ER PT J AU Lewis, TL Flint, PL Schmutz, JA Derksen, DV AF Lewis, Tyler L. Flint, Paul L. Schmutz, Joel A. Derksen, Dirk V. TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SHIFTS IN HABITAT USE BY BLACK BRANT IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING FLIGHTLESS MOLT SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEESE ANSER-ANSER; GREYLAG GEESE; TESHEKPUK LAKE; BRENT GEESE; WING MOLT; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; PLANT PHENOLOGY; BARNACLE GEESE; FOOD QUALITY; BODY-MASS AB Each year thousands of Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) undergo flightless wing molt in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), Alaska, in two distinct habitats: inland, freshwater lakes and coastal, brackish wetlands. Brant lose body mass during wing molt and likely must add reserves upon regaining flight to help fuel their 2,500 km migration to autumn staging areas. We characterized movements and habitat use by Brant during post-molt (the period immediately following the recovery of flight) by (1) marking individual Brant with GPS (global positioning system) transmitters, and (2) conducting a series of replicate aerial surveys. Individuals molting in inland habitats promptly abandoned their molt wetland during the post-molt and moved into coastal habitats. Consequently, inland habitats were nearly deserted by early August when Brant had regained flight, a decrease of >5,000 individuals from the flightless period of early July. Conversely, coastal molting Brant largely remained in coastal habitats during the post-molt and many coastal wetlands were occupied by large flocks (>1,000 birds). Our results indicate that inland, freshwater wetlands were less suitable post-molt habitats for Brant, while coastal wetlands were preferred as they transitioned from flightless molt. The immediacy with which Brant vacated inland habitats upon regaining flight suggests that food may be limiting during molt and they are not selecting inland molt sites strictly for food resources, but rather a balance of factors including predator avoidance and acquisition of protein for feather growth. Our data clearly demonstrate that patterns of habitat use by Brant in the TLSA change over the course of the molt season, an important consideration for management of future resource development activities in this area. C1 [Lewis, Tyler L.; Flint, Paul L.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Derksen, Dirk V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Lewis, TL (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, 311 Irving Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tlewis@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center FX The Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, provided funding and assisted with logistics. D. A. Nigro provided logistic support and helicopter management during captures. D. C. Douglas developed our algorithm for estimating molt initiation. Blake Bartzen assisted with captures. R. B. Lanctot provided housing in Barrow. J. S. Hamilton of Arctic Air Alaska provided aerial support. This paper benefited from the reviews of D. A. Nigro and T. F. Fondell. Use of trade, product, or company names is solely for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement or criticism by the U.S. government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 484 EP 493 DI 10.1676/09-114.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 653RT UT WOS:000282115100008 ER PT J AU Vilella, FJ Gregory, MS Baldassarre, GA AF Vilella, Francisco J. Gregory, Mark S. Baldassarre, Guy A. TI ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATERBIRDS IN THE LLANOS OF VENEZUELA (vol 122, pg 102, 2010) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Correction AB The Llanos is a significant waterbird site in the Western Hemisphere, but abundance and distribution of waterbirds across this vast region are poorly known, which hampers conservation initiatives. We used point counts along road routes in the Llanos region of Venezuela to examine abundance and distribution of waterbirds during 2000-2002 within five ecoregions across the !Janos. We detected 69 species of waterbirds and recorded 283,566 individuals, of which 10 species accounted for 80% of our observations. Wading birds (Ciconiiformes) represented the largest guild both in numbers of species (26) and individuals (55%), followed by waterfowl (26%), and shorebirds (11%). Five species comprised 62% of all individuals: Cattle Egret (Baba lcus ibis), White-faced Whistling Duck (Dendmcygna viduata), Black-bellied Whistling Duck (D. auttunnalis), Great Egret (Ardea alba), and Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana). Wading birds were particularly ubiquitous with at least 21 of 26 species recorded in each of the ecoregions. Species richness (66), proportion of waterbirds detected (54%), and mean number of birds per route (1,459) were highest in the Banco-BajioEstero savanna ecoregion. Our study provides the most comprehensive data set available on waterbirds in the Llanos of Venezuela and highlights regions of special conservation concern. C1 [Vilella, Francisco J.] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gregory, Mark S.; Baldassarre, Guy A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Vilella, FJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 577 EP 577 DI 10.1676/1559-4491-122.3.577 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 653RT UT WOS:000282115100018 ER PT J AU Lewis, TE Garrettson, PR AF Lewis, Thomas E. Garrettson, Pamela R. TI Parasitism of a Blue-winged Teal Nest by a Northern Shoveler in South Dakota SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Nest parasitism in dabbling ducks is uncommon. Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata) are considered infrequent parasites and Blue-winged Teal (A. discors) are rarely hosts to nest parasitism. We documented parasitism of a Blue-winged Teal nest by a Northern Shoveler. We reviewed 3,003 records from nests located in 1994 to 1997 in North Dakota and documented only one duck nest parasitized by a Northern Shoveler. Only nine of 1,494 Blue-winged Teal nests were parasitized. We found no evidence of Northern Shovelers parasitizing Blue-winged Teal nests in our nest records and only one account in the literature. Received 12 January 2010. Accepted 24 March 2010. C1 [Lewis, Thomas E.; Garrettson, Pamela R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Lewis, TE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM thom_lewis@fws.gov FU Louisiana State University; Delta Waterfowl Foundation FX Louisiana State University and Delta Waterfowl Foundation supported nest record collection and associated research. The manuscript benefited from the comments of W. P. Johnson, P. I. Padding, two anonymous referees, and the editor. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 612 EP 614 DI 10.1676/10-010.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 653RT UT WOS:000282115100027 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, C Conway, CJ AF Kirkpatrick, Chris Conway, Courtney J. TI Nest Predators of Ground-nesting Birds in Montane Forest of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE AB We used time-lapse video cameras and track plates to identify nest predators of Red-faced Warblers (Cardellina rubrifrons) and Yellow-eyed Juncos (Junco phaeonotus) in high-elevation (> 2,300 m) forests of the Santa Catalina Mountains in southeastern Arizona. Mammals, especially gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and cliff chipmunk (Tamias dorsalis), were the principal nest predators of Red-faced Warblers and Yellow-eyed Juncos within our study system, accounting for 89% of all nest depredations. Our study is one of the first to use video cameras at real nests to document the prevalence of nest predators in montane forest ecosystems. Additional research is needed to learn if mammals are the dominant nest predators in other montane environments. Received 23 October 2009. Accepted 24 March 2010. C1 [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank S. J. Sferra (U.S Bureau of Reclamation) for the loan of video cameras and M. H. Ali, M. M. Eastwood, D. D. LaRoche, N. M. Nardello, A. M. Purdy, E. T. Rose, T. A. Selvidge, D. D. Tracy, and Anna Westling-Douglass for assistance locating nests and operating video cameras. R. L. Peterson and the University of Arizona Steward Observatory provided field housing and J. D. Taiz (U.S. Forest Service) provided logistical support. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 122 IS 3 BP 614 EP 617 DI 10.1676/09-166.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 653RT UT WOS:000282115100028 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Tirpak, JM Jones-Farrand, DT Thompson, FR Uihlein, WB Fitzgerald, JA AF Twedt, Daniel J. Tirpak, John M. Jones-Farrand, D. Todd Thompson, Frank R., III Uihlein, William B., III Fitzgerald, Jane A. TI Change in avian abundance predicted from regional forest inventory data SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Birds; Breeding Bird Survey; Forest Inventory and Analysis; Habitat; Prediction; Southeastern United States; Temporal change ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; BIRD-HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; CERULEAN WARBLERS; MODELS; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION; SCALES; SOUTH AB An inability to predict population response to future habitat projections is a shortcoming in bird conservation planning. We sought to predict avian response to projections of future forest conditions that were developed from nationwide forest surveys within the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. To accomplish this, we evaluated the historical relationship between silvicolous bird populations and FIA-derived forest conditions within 25 ecoregions that comprise the southeastern United States. We aggregated forest area by forest ownership, forest type, and tree size-class categories in county-based ecoregions for 5 time periods spanning 1963-2008. We assessed the relationship of forest data with contemporaneous indices of abundance for 24 silvicolous bird species that were obtained from Breeding Bird Surveys. Relationships between bird abundance and forest inventory data for 18 species were deemed sufficient as predictive models. We used these empirically derived relationships between regional forest conditions and bird populations to predict relative changes in abundance of these species within ecoregions that are anticipated to coincide with projected changes in forest variables through 2040. Predicted abundances of these 18 species are expected to remain relatively stable in over a quarter (27%) of the ecoregions. However, change in forest area and redistribution of forest types will likely result in changed abundance of some species within many ecosystems. For example, abundances of 11 species, including pine warbler (Dendroica pin us), brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla), and chuck-wills-widow (Caprimulgus carolinensis), are projected to increase within more ecoregions than ecoregions where they will decrease. For 6 other species, such as blue-winged warbler (Vermivora pinus), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), and indigo bunting (Passerine cyanea), we projected abundances will decrease within more ecoregions than ecoregions where they will increase. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Tirpak, John M.; Jones-Farrand, D. Todd] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Uihlein, William B., III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Fitzgerald, Jane A.] Amer Bird Conservancy, Cent Hardwoods Joint Venture, Brentwood, MO 63144 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 31 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 7 BP 1241 EP 1250 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.027 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 652VX UT WOS:000282040000017 ER PT J AU Banks, ME Byrne, S Galla, K McEwen, AS Bray, VJ Dundas, CM Fishbaugh, KE Herkenhoff, KE Murray, BC AF Banks, Maria E. Byrne, Shane Galla, Kapil McEwen, Alfred S. Bray, Veronica J. Dundas, Colin M. Fishbaugh, Kathryn E. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Murray, Bruce C. TI Crater population and resurfacing of the Martian north polar layered deposits SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS; ATMOSPHERE; CAP; EVOLUTION; HISTORY AB Present-day accumulation in the north polar layered deposits (NPLD) is thought to occur via deposition on the north polar residual cap. Understanding current mass balance in relation to current climate would provide insight into the climatic record of the NPLD. To constrain processes and rates of NPLD resurfacing, a search for craters was conducted using images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera. One hundred thirty craters have been identified on the NPLD, 95 of which are located within a region defined to represent recent accumulation. High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images of craters in this region reveal a morphological sequence of crater degradation that provides a qualitative understanding of processes involved in crater removal. A classification system for these craters was developed based on the amount of apparent degradation and infilling and where possible depth/diameter ratios were determined. The temporal and spatial distribution of crater degradation is interpreted to be close to uniform. Through comparison of the size-frequency distribution of these craters with the expected production function, the craters are interpreted to be an equilibrium population with a crater of diameter D meters having a lifetime of similar to 30.75D(1.14) years. Accumulation rates within these craters are estimated at 7.2D(-0.14) mm/yr, which corresponds to values of similar to 3-4 mm/yr and are much higher than rates thought to apply to the surrounding flat terrain. The current crater population is estimated to have accumulated in the last similar to 20 kyr or less. C1 [Banks, Maria E.; Byrne, Shane; Galla, Kapil; McEwen, Alfred S.; Bray, Veronica J.; Dundas, Colin M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Murray, Bruce C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Banks, ME (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 315 POB 37012,4th & Independence SW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM shane@lpl.arizona.edu RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU [NNG06GA48G] FX This work was enabled by Mars Data Analysis grant NNG06GA48G. We gratefully acknowledge the invaluable assistance of the entire HiRISE team, P. S. Russell, K. Tanaka, and B. Ivanov for helpful suggestions, and S. S. Mattson who produced the HiRISE DTMs used in this study. Thoughtful reviews from Asmin Pathare and Nadine Barlow greatly improved the manuscript. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E08006 DI 10.1029/2009JE003523 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 644XV UT WOS:000281416400001 ER PT J AU Machlis, GE McNutt, MK AF Machlis, Gary E. McNutt, Marcia K. TI Scenario-Building for the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION C1 [Machlis, Gary E.] US Dept Interior, Strateg Sci Working Grp, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Machlis, Gary E.] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Machlis, GE (reprint author), US Dept Interior, Strateg Sci Working Grp, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM gary_machlis@nps.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 27 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 5995 BP 1018 EP 1019 DI 10.1126/science.1195382 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 642WZ UT WOS:000281253500020 PM 20798302 ER PT J AU McCausland, WA Creager, KC La Rocca, M Malone, SD AF McCausland, Wendy A. Creager, Kenneth C. La Rocca, Mario Malone, Stephen D. TI Short-term and long-term tremor migration patterns of the Cascadia 2004 tremor and slow slip episode using small aperture seismic arrays SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FORE-ARC MANTLE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; NORTHERN CASCADIA; DEEP TREMOR; SILENT SLIP; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; KII PENINSULA; EARTHQUAKES; SLAB AB Tectonic tremor has been recorded at many subduction zones, including the Nankai, Cascadia, Mexican, and Alaskan subduction zones. This study, the first to use small aperture seismic arrays to track tremor, deployed three small aperture seismic arrays along the Cascadia subduction zone during a tremor and slow slip episode in July 2004. The tremor was active during virtually all (up to 99%) minutes of the analyzed tremor episode using 5 min sample windows. Individual wave phases were tracked across the arrays and used to derive slowness vectors. These were compared with slowness vectors computed from a standard layered Earth model to derive tremor locations. Locations were stable within a volume roughly 250 km(2) in epicenter and 20 km in depth for hours to days before moving to a new volume. The migration between volumes was not smooth, and the movement of the sources within the volume followed no specific pattern. Overall migration speeds along the strike of the subduction zone were between 5 and 15 km/d; smaller scale migration speeds between volumes reached speeds up to 2 km/min. Uncertainties in the best locations were 5 km in epicenter and 10 km in depth. For this data set and processing methodology, tremor does not locate predominately on the primary subduction interface. Our favored model for the generation of tectonic tremor signals is that the tremor is triggered by stress and fluid pressure changes caused by slow slip and is composed, at least in part, of low-frequency earthquakes broadly distributed in location. C1 [McCausland, Wendy A.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Creager, Kenneth C.; Malone, Stephen D.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [La Rocca, Mario] Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80124 Naples, Italy. RP McCausland, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,Bldg 10,Ste 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM wmccausland@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-0337144]; AMRA, Regione Campania, Italy FX The Deep Tremor Project 2004 was funded by NSF EAR-0337144. Seismic sensors used at Lopez and Sequim array were financed and loaned by AMRA, Regione Campania, Italy. Seismic stations used at Sooke were provided by the PASSCAL instrument pool of IRIS. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of personnel from the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network and from the Pacific Geoscience Centre who provided valuable discussions and assisted in the installation and servicing of the Sooke array. We also thank E. Roeloffs, Nick Beeler, the reviewers, and editors for their comments that improved the quality of this paper. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 25 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B00A24 DI 10.1029/2008JB006063 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 644XY UT WOS:000281416700001 ER PT J AU Aulenbach, BT Hirsch, RM AF Aulenbach, Brent T. Hirsch, Robert M. TI Streamwater dissolved nitrate trends in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin using windowed regressions on time, discharge, and season SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 48-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702734 ER PT J AU Curtis, GP Ye, M Kohler, M Fox, P Davis, J AF Curtis, Gary P. Ye, Ming Kohler, Matthias Fox, Patricia Davis, James TI Evaluating prediction uncertainty in reactive transport models of uranium in groundwater SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME USA. RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 33-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702706 ER PT J AU Daumit, KE Whidbey, CM Goodwin, CN Gray, JL Latch, DE AF Daumit, Kelly E. Whidbey, Chris M. Goodwin, Courtney N. Gray, James L. Latch, Douglas E. TI Elucidating the relative importance of various photochemically produced reactive intermediates in the photodegradation of endocrine-disrupting pollutants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Seattle Univ, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 290-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164704823 ER PT J AU Larsen, MC Hamilton, PA Myers, DN AF Larsen, Matthew C. Hamilton, Pixie A. Myers, Donna N. TI Water quality status and trends in the United States SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Larsen, Matthew C.; Hamilton, Pixie A.; Myers, Donna N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 17-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702563 ER PT J AU Stoliker, DL Kent, DB Yin, J Haggerty, R Hay, MB Davis, JA Zachara, JM AF Stoliker, Deborah L. Kent, Douglas B. Yin, Jun Haggerty, Roy Hay, Michael B. Davis, James A. Zachara, John M. TI Geochemical controls and grain-scale modeling of U(VI) mass-transfer in the Hanford 300-Area Aquifer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 6-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703140 ER PT J AU Volker, SF Horak, KE Rattner, BA Goldade, DA AF Volker, Steven F. Horak, Katherine E. Rattner, Barnett A. Goldade, David A. TI Determination of diphacinone in kestrel and rat brain tissue SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Analyt Chem Project, Ft Collins, CO USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 47-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700211 ER PT J AU Warren, E AF Warren, Ean TI Chemistry and the Environment film series and discussion: "Tara, Journey to the Heart of the Climate Machine" SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Warren, Ean] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 1-CEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701071 ER PT J AU Wright, MT Belitz, K AF Wright, Michael T. Belitz, Kenneth TI Factors controlling the regional distribution of Vanadium in California groundwater SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wright, Michael T.; Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 44-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702731 ER PT J AU Kalnejais, LH Martin, WR Bothner, MH AF Kalnejais, Linda H. Martin, William R. Bothner, Michael H. TI The release of dissolved nutrients and metals from coastal sediments due to resuspension SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sediment resuspension; Trace metals; Silver; Boston Harbor; Erosion chamber ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; BOSTON HARBOR; IN-SITU; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; TRACE-METALS; SEA-WATER; SULFIDE; IRON; CU AB Coastal sediments in many regions are impacted by high levels of contaminants. Due to a combination of shallow water depths, waves, and currents, these sediments are subject to regular episodes of sediment resuspension. However, the influence of such disturbances on sediment chemistry and the release of solutes is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to quantify the release of dissolved metals (iron, manganese, silver, copper, and lead) and nutrients due to resuspension in Boston Harbor. Massachusetts, USA. Using a laboratory-based erosion chamber, a range of typical shear stresses was applied to fine-grained Harbor sediments and the solute concentration at each shear stress was measured. At low shear stress, below the erosion threshold, limited solutes were released. Beyond the erosion threshold, a release of all solutes, except lead, was observed and the concentrations increased with shear stress. The release was greater than could be accounted for by conservative mixing of porewaters into the overlying water, suggesting that sediment resuspension enhances the release of nutrients and metals to the dissolved phase. To address the long-term fate of resuspended particles, samples from the erosion chamber were maintained in suspension for 90 h. Over this time, 5-7% of the particulate copper and silver was released to the dissolved phase, while manganese was removed from solution. Thus resuspension releases solutes both during erosion events and over a longer timescale due to reactions of suspended particles in the water column. The magnitude of the annual solute release during erosion events was estimated by coupling the erosion chamber results with a record of bottom shear stresses simulated by a hydrodynamic model. The release of dissolved copper, lead, and phosphate due to resuspension is between 2% and 10% of the total (dissolved plus particulate phase) known inputs to Boston Harbor. Sediment resuspension is responsible for transferring a significant quantity of solid phase metals to the more bioavailable and mobile dissolved phase. The relative importance of sediment resuspension as a source of dissolved metals to Boston Harbor is expected to increase as continuing pollutant control decreases the inputs from other sources. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kalnejais, Linda H.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kalnejais, Linda H.; Martin, William R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bothner, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kalnejais, LH (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, 8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM linda.kalnejais@unh.edu FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA16RG2273, R/G-28]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0220892]; U.S.Geological Survey through the USGS/WHOI; WHOI Academic Programs Office; University of Western Australia FX We express our gratitude to the USGS Woods Hole sampling team (S. Baldwin, D. Blackwood, M. Casso and R. Rendigs) for expert core collection, J. Goudreau for nutrient analyses, M. Reuer for assistance with the Co-APDC method, M.Sulanowska for erosion chamber drawings, D. Oppo for the use of the GFAAS and D. Schneider of the WHOI Plasma Facility for assistance with the ICP-MS. Dr R. Reithmuller of GKSS generously provided us with the design of the EROMES erosion chamber. The authors would like to thank B. Voelker, P. Traykovski, R. Francois, A. Schroth, K. Keay, J. Tucker and two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments and reviews of this manuscript. This work was funded by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Sea Grant Program, under a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Grant No. NA16RG2273, project no. R/G-28; the WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute; the National Science Foundation grant OCE-0220892 and the U.S.Geological Survey through the USGS/WHOI Cooperative Agreement. LHK was funded by the WHOI Academic Programs Office and a Hackett Scholarship from the University of Western Australia. NR 50 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2010.05.002 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 711AW UT WOS:000286559100022 ER PT J AU Lay, T Ammon, CJ Kanamori, H Rivera, L Koper, KD Hutko, AR AF Lay, Thorne Ammon, Charles J. Kanamori, Hiroo Rivera, Luis Koper, Keith D. Hutko, Alexander R. TI The 2009 Samoa-Tonga great earthquake triggered doublet SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED SUBDUCTION ZONES; STRESS TRANSFER; SEISMICITY; INVERSION; CYCLE; TIMES AB Great earthquakes (having seismic magnitudes of at least 8) usually involve abrupt sliding of rock masses at a boundary between tectonic plates. Such interplate ruptures produce dynamic and static stress changes that can activate nearby intraplate aftershocks, as is commonly observed in the trench-slope region seaward of a great subduction zone thrust event(1-4). The earthquake sequence addressed here involves a rare instance in which a great trench-slope intraplate earthquake triggered extensive interplate faulting, reversing the typical pattern and broadly expanding the seismic and tsunami hazard. On 29 September 2009, within two minutes of the initiation of a normal faulting event with moment magnitude 8.1 in the outer trench-slope at the northern end of the Tonga subduction zone, two major interplate underthrusting subevents (both with moment magnitude 7.8), with total moment equal to a second great earthquake of moment magnitude 8.0, ruptured the nearby subduction zone megathrust. The collective faulting produced tsunami waves with localized regions of about 12 metres run-up that claimed 192 lives in Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga. Overlap of the seismic signals obscured the fact that distinct faults separated by more than 50km had ruptured with different geometries, with the triggered thrust faulting only being revealed by detailed seismic wave analyses. Extensive interplate and intraplate aftershock activity was activated over a large region of the northern Tonga subduction zone. C1 [Lay, Thorne] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ammon, Charles J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kanamori, Hiroo] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rivera, Luis] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7516, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [Koper, Keith D.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Hutko, Alexander R.] US Geol Survey, NEIC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lay, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM tlay@ucsc.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 FU NSF [EAR0635570]; USGS [05HQGR0174] FX This work made use of GMT and SAC software and Federation of Digital Seismic Networks (FDSN) seismic data. The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management System (DMS) and the F-Net and Hi-Net data centres were used to access the data. C. Ji kindly shared details of his model. Z. Duputel wrote the W-Phase software version used in this study. We thank H. Savage and E. Brodsky for discussions of frictional conditional stability. This work was supported by NSF grant EAR0635570 and USGS Award Number 05HQGR0174. NR 33 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 466 IS 7309 BP 964 EP U85 DI 10.1038/nature09214 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 640ED UT WOS:000281030300032 PM 20725038 ER PT J AU Kean, JW Smith, JD AF Kean, Jason W. Smith, J. Dungan TI Calculation of stage-discharge relations for gravel bedded channels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY SHEAR-STRESS; FLOW; ROUGHNESS; STREAMS; RIVER AB A method for calculating stage-discharge relations (rating curves) in gravel bedded streams is presented and applied to five reaches at U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging stations. The approach, which builds on the work of Kean and Smith (2005), uses a fluid-mechanically based model to convert measurements of stage into flow and boundary shear stress fields as appropriate for determining water discharge. The model does not use site-specific empirical roughness coefficients, such as the Manning coefficient, but rather determines channel roughness from field measurements of the channel geometry and the dominant physical and biological roughness elements in the modeled reach. The approach is fully compatible with current USGS-style river gaging procedures and can be used in conjunction with or instead of the standard empirical gaging methods. When used in parallel, the theoretical rating curves produced by the model are in good agreement with direct measurements of discharge made by the USGS. The results of our analyses indicate that the theoretical rating curve approach has the potential to substantially reduce the number of measurement visits, and therefore costs, required to develop rating curves for gaging stations. Owing to this lower cost, it is well suited for regional hydrologic studies in which rainfall distributions are measured in space and time and are compared with measured discharges on the links of the river network. In addition, our method is ideally suited for sites, such as remote locations, where it is difficult or impossible to define a complete rating curve using conventional methods alone. C1 [Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Smith, J. Dungan] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jwkean@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR F03020 DI 10.1029/2009JF001398 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 641QM UT WOS:000281144800001 ER PT J AU van Manen, SM Dehn, J Blake, S AF van Manen, S. M. Dehn, J. Blake, S. TI Satellite thermal observations of the Bezymianny lava dome 1993-2008: Precursory activity, large explosions, and dome growth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; DECEMBER 1997; REAL-TIME; KAMCHATKA; ERUPTION; MONTSERRAT; RUSSIA; EMPLACEMENT; FLOWS; SPACE AB Fifteen years worth of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data is presented and used to quantitatively assess processes occurring at Bezymianny. This andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's most dangerous volcanoes with 16 eruptions in the last decade that have dispersed ash into North Pacific air routes. All known episodes of increased activity for which data were available were detected in band 3 (3.53-3.93 mm) AVHRR thermal data. Twenty-three peaks can be seen in the data; nineteen peaks correspond to known explosions, while the remaining three peaks correspond to known phases of dome growth that were not believed to have been accompanied by explosive activity. Start and end dates of extrusive phases defined by the thermal data are presented. Repose times between phases of extrusion vary from four months to just over two and half years with an average of just less than a year. Using rank-order statistics a 'maximum' time interval between consecutive explosions of 1288 +/- 170 days is determined; this could serve as a cut-off time for declaring the current dome-growth activity over. The calculated cumulative erupted volume (0.28 km(3)) and time-averaged extrusion rate (0.6 m(3) s(-1)) from 1993 to 2008 corresponds to values found at Bezymianny from 1956 to 1976, showing that the satellite-based methodology provides a good way of quantitatively assessing dome growth. Three different types of precursors to explosive behavior have been identified at Bezymianny: (1) values that cluster around the mode of the data set prior to explosion, potentially due to endogenous dome growth, (2) upward trends that commence 15-20 days prior to explosion and reach sensor saturation levels are due to significant extrusion, and (3) a gradual upward trend that starts 5 days prior to explosion, probably due to ramping up of extrusion. This work shows that retrospectively analyzing and modeling of a volcano's thermal signal provides increased insight into its characteristic behavior. The methods used in this paper can be used at other dome-building volcanoes around the world. The insights presented here can be used to improve monitoring capabilities to aid in providing early warnings to large explosions at Bezymianny. C1 [van Manen, S. M.; Blake, S.] Open Univ, Volcano Dynam Grp, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Dehn, J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP van Manen, SM (reprint author), Open Univ, Volcano Dynam Grp, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM s.m.van-manen@open.ac.uk RI van Manen, Saskia/D-7300-2012 FU Open University; Geological Society of London FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Alaska Volcano Observatory: a cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program, the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys for providing access to the thermal data. In addition the authors would like to acknowledge the photographers that provided the visual time series. S.M.vM. thanks PIRE 2007 team for support and logistics and the Open University for financial support to participate in the PIRE project. A grant from the Geological Society of London funded S. M.vM.'s visit to the AVO while the paper was being completed. We also thank the reviewer for their detailed comments and D. A. Rothery for feedback on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B08205 DI 10.1029/2009JB006966 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 641QW UT WOS:000281145800001 ER PT J AU Xian, G Homer, C AF Xian, George Homer, Collin TI Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database Impervious Surface Products to 2006 using Landsat Imagery Change Detection Methods SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Change vector analysis; Landsat imagery; Impervious surface; Land cover; Urban ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; RADIOMETRIC NORMALIZATION; URBAN-DEVELOPMENT; RUNOFF; URBANIZATION; TEMPERATURE; COMPLETION; FRAMEWORK; ECOSYSTEM; REGIONS AB A prototype method was developed to update the US. Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 to a nominal date of 2006. NLCD 2001 is widely used as a baseline for national land cover and impervious cover conditions. To enable the updating of this database in an optimal manner, methods are designed to be accomplished by individual Landsat scene. Using conservative change thresholds based on land cover classes, areas of change and no-change were segregated from change vectors calculated from normalized Landsat scenes from 2001 and 2006. By sampling from NLCD 2001 impervious surface in unchanged areas, impervious surface predictions were estimated for changed areas within an urban extent defined by a companion land cover classification. Methods were developed and tested for national application across six study sites containing a variety of urban impervious surface. Results show the vast majority of impervious surface change associated with urban development was captured, with overall RMSE from 6.86 to 13.12% for these areas. Changes of urban development density were also evaluated by characterizing the categories of change by percentile for impervious surface. This prototype method provides a relatively low cost, flexible approach to generate updated impervious surface using NLCD 2001 as the baseline. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xian, George] US Geol Survey, ARTS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ARTS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov; homer@usgs.gov FU USGS [08HQCN0007] FX The authors thank Jon Dewitz, Joyce Fry, Nazmul Hossain, Chris Barnes, and Debra Meyer for their valuable suggestions and discussions during the method development and testing. We also thank Richard Vandersnick for the selection of Landsat images for the study areas. We thank Dr. Le Ji and Mr. Roger Auch for their reviews and suggestions to improve the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers are also thanked for their important comments and constructive suggestions. Work by G. Xian was performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0007. NR 39 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 16 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1676 EP 1686 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.02.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 612ZD UT WOS:000278943900005 ER PT J AU Tillitt, DE Papoulias, DM Whyte, JJ Richter, CA AF Tillitt, Donald E. Papoulias, Diana M. Whyte, Jeffrey J. Richter, Catherine A. TI Atrazine reduces reproduction in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Atrazine; Reproduction; Gonad abnormalities; Fish ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; SALAR L. PARR; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION; ATLANTIC CROAKER; PROGESTIN; RECEPTORS; GONADS; INTERFERENCE; VITELLOGENIN; DISRUPTION AB Atrazine, the widely used herbicide, has shown to affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in certain vertebrate species, but few studies have examined reproductive effects of this chemical on fish. Our study was designed to evaluate a population endpoint (egg production) in conjunction with histological (e.g., gonad development) and biochemical (e.g., hormone production) phenotypes associated with atrazine exposure in fathead minnows. Adult virgin breeding groups of 1 male and 2 females were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50 mu g/L of atrazine in a flow-through diluter for 14 or 30 days. Total egg production was lower (19-39%) in all atrazine-exposed groups as compared to the controls. The decreases in cumulative egg production of atrazine treated fish were significant by 17-20 days of exposure. Reductions in egg production in atrazine treatment groups were most attributable to reduced numbers of spawning events with increased atrazine exposure concentrations. Gonad abnormalities were observed in both male and female fish of atrazine-exposed fish. Our results also indicate that atrazine reduces egg production through alteration of final maturation of oocytes. The reproductive effects observed in this study warrant further investigation and evaluation of the potential risks posed by atrazine, particularly feral populations of fish from streams in agricultural areas with high use of this herbicide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Dept Interior, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Tillitt, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Dept Interior, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dtillitt@usgs.gov OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU USGS FX Support for this work was provided by the USGS Environmental Contaminants Biology Program. The authors thank James Candrl, Mandy Annis, Diane Nicks, James L Zajicek and Rachel Claunch for their contributions to the conduct of this study; Robin Lipkin, Justin Buckler, and Vanessa Velez for assistance with data analysis, graphing, and publication; Dr. Mark Ellerseick, University of Missouri for statistical analysis; Dr. Wade Welshons, University of Missouri for estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity screening of the fish food used prior to the study; Dr. Jeffrey Wolf, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling VA, for pathological analysis of gonad anomalies; and Dr. Gary Ankley, USEPA and Dr. Swee Teh, University of California-Davis for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.04.011 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 633NV UT WOS:000280510700005 PM 20471700 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Reid, JA AF Storlazzi, Curt D. Reid, Jane A. TI The influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles on wave-driven sea-floor sediment mobility along the central California continental margin SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Waves; Bed shear stress; Sea floor; Sediment; El Nino; La Nina ID MONTEREY-BAY; INNER SHELF; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; COASTAL REGIONS; TIDAL CURRENTS; MODEL; BOTTOM; TRANSPORT; HABITATS; BIOMASS AB Ocean surface waves are the dominant temporally and spatially variable process influencing sea floor sediment resuspension along most continental shelves. Wave-induced sediment mobility on the continental shelf and upper continental slope off central California for different phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events was modeled using monthly statistics derived from more than 14 years of concurrent hourly oceanographic and meteorologic data as boundary input for the Delft SWAN wave model, gridded sea floor grain-size data from the usSEABED database, and regional bathymetry. Differences as small as 0.5 m in wave height, 1 s in wave period, and 100 in wave direction, in conjunction with the spatially heterogeneous unconsolidated sea-floor sedimentary cover, result in significant changes in the predicted mobility of continental shelf surficial sediment in the study area. El Nino events result in more frequent mobilization on the inner shelf in the summer and winter than during La Nina events and on the outer shelf and upper slope in the winter months, while La Nina events result in more frequent mobilization on the mid-shelf during spring and summer months than during El Nino events. The timing and patterns of seabed mobility are addressed in context of geologic and biologic processes. By understanding the spatial and temporal variability in the disturbance of the sea floor, scientists can better interpret sedimentary patterns and ecosystem structure, while providing managers and planners an understanding of natural impacts when considering the permitting of offshore activities that disturb the sea floor such as trawling, dredging, and the emplacement of sea-floor engineering structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Reid, Jane A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; jareid@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 30 IS 14 BP 1582 EP 1599 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2010.06.004 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 639BI UT WOS:000280945400008 ER PT J AU Anslow, FS Clark, PU Kurz, MD Hostetler, SW AF Anslow, Faron S. Clark, Peter U. Kurz, Mark D. Hostetler, Steven W. TI Geochronology and paleoclimatic implications of the last deglaciation of the Mauna Kea Ice Cap, Hawaii SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE palioclimate; glacial; geochronology ID HE-3 PRODUCTION-RATES; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; HOLOCENE LAVA FLOWS; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; COSMOGENIC HE-3; NORTH-PACIFIC; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL CLIMATE AB We present new (3)He surface exposure ages on moraines and bedrock near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, which refine the age of the Mauna Kea Ice Cap during the Local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM) and identify a subsequent fluctuation of the ice margin. The 3He ages, when combined with those reported previously, indicate that the local ice-cap margin began to retreat from its LLGM extent at 20.5 +/- 2.5 ka, in agreement with the age of deglaciation determined from LLGM moraines elsewhere in the tropics. The ice-cap margin receded to a position at least 3 km upslope for similar to 4.5-5.0 kyr before readvancing nearly to its LLGM extent. The timing of this readvance at similar to 15.4 ka corresponds to a large reduction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) following Heinrich Event 1. Subsequent ice-margin retreat began at 14.6 +/- 1.9 ka, corresponding to a rapid resumption of the AMOC and onset of the Bolling warm interval, with the ice cap melting rapidly to complete deglaciation. Additional 3He ages obtained from a flood deposit date the catastrophic outburst of a moraine-dammed lake roughly coeval with the Younger Dryas cold interval, suggesting a more active hydrological cycle on Mauna Kea at this time. A coupled mass balance and ice dynamics model is used to constrain the climate required to generate ice caps of LLGM and readvance sizes. The depression of the LLGM equilibrium line altitude requires atmospheric cooling of 4.5 +/- 1 degrees C, whereas the mass balance modeling indicates an accompanying increase in precipitation of as much as three times that of present We hypothesize (1) that the LLGM temperature depression was associated with global cooling, (2) that the temperature depression that contributed to the readvance occurred in response to an atmospheric teleconnection to the North Atlantic, and (3) that the precipitation enhancement associated with both events occurred in response to a southward shift in the position of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Such a shift in the ITCZ would have allowed midlatitude cyclones to reach Mauna Kea more frequently which would have increased precipitation at high elevations and caused additional cooling. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clark, Peter U.; Hostetler, Steven W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Anslow, Faron S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kurz, Mark D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Clark, PU (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM clarkp@onid.orst.edu OI Kurz, Mark/0000-0003-1745-2356 FU University of Hawaii; NSF FX We thank Jorie Clark for the help with sampling and Josh Curtice for his expertise in the laboratory. We also gratefully acknowledge the advice of Frank Trusdell and Dave Sherrod in the field, and the support provided by the entire University of Hawaii staff at the Mauna Kea support facility. Christian Schoof and Alex Jarosch formulated the ice dynamics code. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism, which improved this paper. Supported by the NSF Paleoclimate Program. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 297 IS 1-2 BP 234 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.025 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 653PW UT WOS:000282110100024 ER PT J AU Place, B Anderson, B Mekebri, A Furlong, ET Gray, JL Tjeerdema, R Field, J AF Place, Ben Anderson, Brian Mekebri, Abdou Furlong, Edward T. Gray, James L. Tjeerdema, Ron Field, Jennifer TI A Role for Analytical Chemistry in Advancing our Understanding of the Occurrence, Fate, and Effects of Corexit Oil Dispersants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACTANTS C1 [Place, Ben; Field, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Brian; Tjeerdema, Ron] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Gray, James L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mekebri, Abdou] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. RP Field, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Gray, James/I-8136-2012 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 BP 6016 EP 6018 DI 10.1021/es102319w PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 636JD UT WOS:000280727400005 PM 20704194 ER PT J AU McKinney, CW Loftin, KA Meyer, MT Davis, JG Pruden, A AF McKinney, Chad W. Loftin, Keith A. Meyer, Michael T. Davis, Jessica G. Pruden, Amy TI tet and sul Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Livestock Lagoons of Various Operation Type, Configuration, and Antibiotic Occurrence SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; WATER; RIVER; COSELECTION; SELECTION; ASSAYS; SOIL; ARG AB Although livestock operations are known to harbor elevated levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria, few studies have examined the potential of livestock waste lagoons to reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and examine the behavior of tetracycline [tet(0) and tet(W)] and sulfonamide [sul(I) and sul(II)] ARGs in a broad cross-section of livestock lagoons within the same semiarid western watershed ARGs were monitored for one year in the water and the settled solids of eight lagoon systems by quantitative polymerase chain reaction In addition, antibiotic residues and various bulk water quality constituents were analyzed It was found that the lagoons of the chicken layer operation had the lowest concentrations of both tot and sul ARGs and low total antibiotic concentrations, whereas sul ARGs were highest in the swine lagoons, which generally corresponded to the highest total antibiotic concentrations A marginal benefit of organic and small dairy operations also was observed compared to conventional and large dairies, respectively. In all lagoons, sul ARGs were observed to be generally more recalcitrant than tot ARGs Also, positive correlations of various bulk water quality constituents were identified with tot ARGs but not sul ARGs Significant positive correlations were identified between several metals and tet ARGs, but Pearson's correlation coefficients were mostly lower than those determined between antibiotic residues and ARGs. This study represents a quantitative characterization C1 [McKinney, Chad W.; Pruden, Amy] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Via Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Loftin, Keith A.; Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Davis, Jessica G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pruden, Amy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pruden, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Via Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013; OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU USDA Agricultural Experiment Station at Colorado State University (CSU, Fort Collins); National Science Foundation [05473112] FX Support for this study was provided by the USDA Agricultural Experiment Station at Colorado State University (CSU, Fort Collins) and the National Science Foundation CAREER CBET award # 05473112 The findings of this study do not necessarily reflect the views of either agency. The authors would also like to thank Kathy Doesken, Heather Stotteboom, and Brandon Lehman at CSU for their assistance in sampling and members of the USGS for their valuable comments during internal review Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 34 TC 89 Z9 107 U1 19 U2 129 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 BP 6102 EP 6109 DI 10.1021/es9038165 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 636JD UT WOS:000280727400019 PM 20704205 ER PT J AU Pollett, KL MacCracken, JG MacMahon, JA AF Pollett, Kathleen L. MacCracken, James G. MacMahon, James A. TI Stream buffers ameliorate the effects of timber harvest on amphibians in the Cascade Range of Southern Washington, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ascaphus truei; Bootstrap re-sampling; Cascade torrent salamanders; Coastal and Cope's giant salamander; Dicamptodon tenebrosus; Dicamptodon copei; Effect size; Confidence intervals; Rhyacotriton cascadae; Riparian buffers; Tailed frogs ID PACIFIC GIANT SALAMANDERS; RHYACOTRITON VARIEGATUS; TORRENT SALAMANDERS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; TAILED FROG; CALIFORNIA; RIPARIAN; HABITAT; AGE AB We addressed the efficacy of stream-side buffers in ameliorating the effects of clearcut timber harvest on Cascade torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton cascadae), coastal/Cope's giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus/D. copei), coastal tailed frogs (Ascaphus Cruet), and water temperature regimes in the Cascade Range in southern Washington. Forty-one streams in 4 categories were sampled; streams in clearcuts with and without buffers, streams in 35+ year old second-growth forest, and streams in unharvested forest (150+ years old). Tailed frog and Cascade torrent salamander densities were 2-7-fold lower (P < 0.05), respectively, in streams in managed forests than in streams in unharvested forest. In addition, both these species were less abundant (P < 0.05) in unbuffered streams than streams with buffers or in second-growth forest. In contrast, giant salamander densities were 5-50% greater (P > 0.05) in managed streams than unharvested, being greatest in unbuffered and second-growth streams. We used the differences in density estimates of unbuffered streams and unharvested streams to define an ecologically important effect size for each species and then compared the mean effect size and 95% confidence intervals of contrasts between managed stream categories to assess buffer effectiveness. Buffers had a positive ecologically important effect on the density of torrent salamanders and tailed frogs, but had an ecologically negative effect on giant salamanders. Water temperatures were similar among stream categories. However. Cascade torrent salamanders were nearly absent from streams where temperatures were 14 C for >= 35 consecutive hours. Issues that need further study include effective buffer width and longitudinal extent, and confirmation of the water temperature threshold we identified. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pollett, Kathleen L.; MacMahon, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [MacCracken, James G.] Longview Timberlands LLC, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP MacCracken, JG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 341, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Kathleen_Pollett@fws.gov; james_maccracken@fws.gov FU Longview Timberlands, LLC FX This study was funded by Longview Timberlands, LLC. We thank Adriane Marler, Michelle Baker, Jeff Kershner, Richard Cutler, Tom Edwards, Dave Roberts, Susan Durham for field work and other input. A.J. Kroll and 2 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments and suggestions. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 6 BP 1083 EP 1087 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.035 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 647MY UT WOS:000281623800016 ER PT J AU Slowey, AJ AF Slowey, Aaron J. TI Rate of formation and dissolution of mercury sulfide nanoparticles: The dual role of natural organic matter SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; PHYSICOCHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; METHYLATION RATES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB Mercury is a global contaminant of concern due to its transformation by microorganisms to form methylmercury, a toxic species that accumulates in biological tissues. The effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from natural waters on reactions between mercury(II) (Hg) and sulfide (S(-II)) to form HgS((s)) nanoparticles across a range of Hg and S(-II) concentrations was investigated. Hg was equilibrated with DOM, after which S(-II) was added. Dissolved Hg (Hg(aq)) was periodically quantified using ultracentrifugation and chemical analysis following the addition of S(-II). Particle size and identity were determined using dynamic light scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. S(-II) reacts with Hg to form 20 to 200 nm aggregates consisting of 1-2 nm HgS((s)) subunits that are more structurally disordered than metacinnabar in the presence of 2 x 10(-9) to 8 x 10(-6) M Hg and 10 (mg C) L(-1) DOM. Some of the HgS((s)) nanoparticle aggregates are subsequently dissolved by DOM and (re)precipitated by S(-II) over periods of hours to clays. At least three fractions of Hg-DOM species were observed with respect to reactivity toward S(-II): 0.3 mu mol reactive Hg per mmol C (60 percent), 0.1 mu mol per mmol C (20 percent) that are kinetically hindered, and another 0.1 mu mol Ha per mmol C (20 percent) that are inert to reaction with S(-II). Following an initial S(-II)-driven precipitation of HgS((s)), HgS((s)) was dissolved by DOM or organic sulfur compounds. HgS((s)) formation during this second phase was counterintuitively favored by lower S(-II) concentrations, suggesting surface association of DOM moieties that are less capable of dissolving HgS((s)). DOM partially inhibits HgS((s)) formation and mediates reactions between Hg and S(-II) such that HgS((s)) is susceptible to dissolution. These findings indicate that Hg accessibility to microorganisms could be controlled by kinetic (intermediate) species in the presence of S(-II) and DOM, undermining the premise that equilibrium Ha species distributions should correlate to the extent or rate of Hg methylation in soils and sediments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Slowey, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 466, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aslowey@usgs.gov FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship with the Western Mineral and Environmental Science Center at the US Geological Survey FX Experiments performed in this study were funded by a Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship with the Western Mineral and Environmental Science Center at the US Geological Survey. I thank Drs. George R. Aiken (USGS), James S. Kuwabara (USGS), Benjamin Gilbert (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), and three anonymous reviewers for their forthright, careful reviews of this manuscript. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Use of trade names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 73 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 8 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 16 BP 4693 EP 4708 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.012 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 627LO UT WOS:000280041200007 ER PT J AU Harte, PT Trowbridge, PR AF Harte, Philip T. Trowbridge, Philip R. TI Mapping of road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge and estimation of chloride load to a small stream in southern New Hampshire, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic; chloride; load; groundwater; salt contamination; electrical conductivity ID WATER-QUALITY; TRENDS; RETENTION; SODIUM; IMPACT; RIVER; TIME AB Concentrations of chloride in excess of State of New Hampshire water-quality standards (230 mg/l) have been measured in watersheds adjacent to an interstate highway (I-93) in southern New Hampshire. A proposed widening plan for I-93 has raised concerns over further increases in chloride. As part of this effort, road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge was mapped with terrain electrical conductivity (EC) electromagnetic (EM) methods in the fall of 2006 to identify potential sources of chloride during base-flow conditions to a small stream, Policy Brook. Three different EM meters were used to measure different depths below the streambed (ranging from 0 to 3 m). Results from the three meters showed similar patterns and identified several reaches where high EC groundwater may have been discharging. Based on the delineation of high (up to 350 mmhos/m) apparent terrain EC, seven-streambed piezometers were installed to sample shallow groundwater. Locations with high specific conductance in shallow groundwater (up to 2630 mmhos/m) generally matched locations with high streambed (shallow subsurface) terrain EC. A regression equation was used to convert the terrain EC of the streambed to an equivalent chloride concentration in shallow groundwater unique for this site. Utilizing the regression equation and estimates of one-dimensional Darcian flow through the streambed, a maximum potential groundwater chloride load was estimated at 188 Mg of chloride per year. Changes in chloride concentration in stream water during streamflow recessions showed a linear response that indicates the dominant process affecting chloride is advective flow of chloride-enriched groundwater discharge. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Harte, Philip T.] US Geol Survey, NH VT Water Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH USA. [Trowbridge, Philip R.] NH Dept Environm Serv, Concord, NH USA. RP Harte, PT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NH VT Water Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH USA. EM ptharte@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 17 BP 2349 EP 2368 DI 10.1002/hyp.7645 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 628SO UT WOS:000280142200001 ER PT J AU Senko, J Koch, V Megill, WM Carthy, RR Templeton, RP Nichols, WJ AF Senko, Jesse Koch, Volker Megill, William M. Carthy, Raymond R. Templeton, Robert P. Nichols, Wallace J. TI Fine scale daily movements and habitat use of East Pacific green turtles at a shallow coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baja California Sur, Mexico; Daily movements; Fine scale; Green turtle; Habitat use; Vagility ID CHELONIA-MYDAS L; SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE-TRACKING; FORAGING AREA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; FISHERIES BYCATCH; BAHIA MAGDALENA; MARINE TURTLES; SEAGRASS BED AB Green turtles spend most of their lives in coastal foraging areas where they face multiple anthropogenic impacts. Therefore, understanding their spatial use in this environment is a priority for conservation efforts. We studied the fine scale daily movements and habitat use of East Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Laguna San Ignacio, a shallow coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico where sea turtles are subject to high levels of gillnet bycatch and directed hunting. Six turtles ranging from 44.6 to 83.5 cm in straight carapace length were tracked for short deployments (1 to 6 d) with GPS-VHF telemetry. Turtles were active throughout diurnal, nocturnal, and crepuscular periods. Although they moved greater total distances during daytime, their speed of travel and net displacement remained consistent throughout 24-h periods. A positive selection for areas of seagrass and moderate water depth (5 to 10 m) was determined using Ivlev's electivity index, with neutral selection for shallow water (<5 m) and avoidance of deep water (>10 m). Turtles exhibited two distinct behavioral movement patterns: circular movements with high fidelity to the capture-release location and meandering movements with low fidelity to the capture-release location. Our results indicate that green turtles were active throughout the diel cycle while traveling large distances and traversing multiple habitats over short temporal scales. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Senko, Jesse; Carthy, Raymond R.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources Div, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Koch, Volker] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz 23080, BCS, Bolivia. [Megill, William M.; Templeton, Robert P.] Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Ocean Technol Lab, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Nichols, Wallace J.] Ocean Revolut & Calif Acad Sci, Davenport, CA 95017 USA. RP Senko, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources Div, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jesse.senko@gmail.com RI Koch, Volker/J-1587-2012 FU Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation at the University of Florida; Earthwatch Institute FX The Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation at the University of Florida supported JS with a graduate teaching assistantship and generous scholarships. Fieldwork for this study was funded by a grant from the Earthwatch Institute to WMM, VK, and WJN. We are grateful for the tireless work of Ranulfo Mayoral and the Grupo Tortuguero Network ProPeninsula, the staff at Kuyima Ecotourism Camp, Fred Senko, Amee Lewis, and Agnese Mancini provided logistical, management, and field support. We are especially thankful for the dedicated, passionate, and hard working volunteers from the Earthwatch expedition "Tracking Baja's Black Sea Turtles" who helped collect and record data. David Armitage and Nicholas Campiz offered helpful statistical and GIS advice, respectively. Robert Fletcher, Brian Silliman, Graeme Hays, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions and comments that greatly improved this manuscript All research activities, including the capture, handling, attachment of transmitter devices, and tracking of turtles were authorized by the Secretaria para el Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales (SEMAR-NAT) (permit no. SGPA/DGVS/06840/07) and the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Animal Research Committee (permit no. 017-09WEC) at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for informative purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. [SS] NR 84 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 391 IS 1-2 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.06.017 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 641ZT UT WOS:000281173000012 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Svarc, JL AF Savage, J. C. Svarc, J. L. TI Postseismic relaxation following the 1989 M(S)7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake, central California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CREEP RESPONSE; HAYWARD FAULT; AFTERSLIP; AFTERSHOCKS; MECHANICS; RHEOLOGY; SLIP AB The postseismic relaxation (postseismic displacement less displacement that would have occurred at the preseismic rate) measured by GPS and leveling following the 1989 M(S)7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake is reexamined. The temporal dependence of the relaxation over the first 1200 days postseismic is well described by 1 - e(-t/tau), where tau = 414 +/- 92 days. (Quoted uncertainties are standard deviations.) That temporal dependence appears to be a linear function of the cumulative number of M > 2.5 aftershocks that have occurred. The relaxation is attributed to afterslip (1.56 +/- 0.20 m dextral strike slip and 0.60 +/- 0.04 m reverse slip) on the downdip extension (depth, 16-21 km) of the coseismic rupture plus a collapse (0.11 +/- 0.02 m fault-normal displacement) of the rupture zone (depth, 5-16 km). Because the postseismic uplift was determined by leveling over a route with relief in excess of 1000 m, an allowance (18 +/- 2 ppm of height above the base elevation) for excess (beyond corrections already applied) height-dependent error in the measured uplift was estimated simultaneously with the afterslip and collapse parameters. This new solution for afterslip and collapse on the plane of the rupture provides an alternative explanation to the suggestion by Burgmann et al. (1997) that the postseismic deformation was due to afterslip on the coseismic rupture and on a nearby, shallow, 30 degrees dipping thrust. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Svarc, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 13 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B08404 DI 10.1029/2009JB006919 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 639FO UT WOS:000280957800002 ER PT J AU Green, CT Bohlke, JK Bekins, BA Phillips, SP AF Green, Christopher T. Boehlke, John Karl Bekins, Barbara A. Phillips, Steven P. TI Mixing effects on apparent reaction rates and isotope fractionation during denitrification in a heterogeneous aquifer SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-PLAINS; AGRICULTURAL SETTINGS; NITRATE REDUCTION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; AGE DISTRIBUTIONS; SANDY AQUIFER; NITROGEN; ZONE AB Gradients in contaminant concentrations and isotopic compositions commonly are used to derive reaction parameters for natural attenuation in aquifers. Differences between field-scale (apparent) estimated reaction rates and isotopic fractionations and local-scale (intrinsic) effects are poorly understood for complex natural systems. For a heterogeneous alluvial fan aquifer, numerical models and field observations were used to study the effects of physical heterogeneity on reaction parameter estimates. Field measurements included major ions, age tracers, stable isotopes, and dissolved gases. Parameters were estimated for the O(2) reduction rate, denitrification rate, O(2) threshold for denitrification, and stable N isotope fractionation during denitrification. For multiple geostatistical realizations of the aquifer, inverse modeling was used to establish reactive transport simulations that were consistent with field observations and served as a basis for numerical experiments to compare sample-based estimates of "apparent" parameters with "true" (intrinsic) values. For this aquifer, non-Gaussian dispersion reduced the magnitudes of apparent reaction rates and isotope fractionations to a greater extent than Gaussian mixing alone. Apparent and true rate constants and fractionation parameters can differ by an order of magnitude or more, especially for samples subject to slow transport, long travel times, or rapid reactions. The effect of mixing on apparent N isotope fractionation potentially explains differences between previous laboratory and field estimates. Similarly, predicted effects on apparent O(2) threshold values for denitrification are consistent with previous reports of higher values in aquifers than in the laboratory. These results show that hydrogeological complexity substantially influences the interpretation and prediction of reactive transport. C1 [Green, Christopher T.; Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boehlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Phillips, Steven P.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Green, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctgreen@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 51 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 13 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W08525 DI 10.1029/2009WR008903 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 639GI UT WOS:000280960600003 ER PT J AU Ranalli, AJ Macalady, DL AF Ranalli, Anthony J. Macalady, Donald L. TI The importance of the riparian zone and in-stream processes in nitrate attenuation in undisturbed and agricultural watersheds - A review of the scientific literature SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Nitrate; Riparian zone; Nitrate attenuation; Denitrification ID HUMID HEADWATER CATCHMENTS; 4TH-ORDER MOUNTAIN STREAM; GENERATING SURFACE RUNOFF; STORM RUNOFF; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; TEMPERATE FOREST; 3RD-ORDER STREAM; SUBSURFACE FLOW; NATIONAL-PARK AB We reviewed published studies from primarily glaciated regions in the United States. Canada, and Europe of the (1) transport of nitrate from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems, (2) attenuation of nitrate in the riparian zone of undisturbed and agricultural watersheds, (3) processes contributing to nitrate attenuation in riparian zones, (4) variation in the attenuation of nitrate in the riparian zone, and (5) importance of in-stream and hyporheic processes for nitrate attenuation in the stream channel. Our objectives were to synthesize the results of these studies and suggest methodologies to (1) monitor regional trends in nitrate concentration in undisturbed 1st order watersheds and (2) reduce nitrate loads in streams draining agricultural watersheds. Our review reveals that undisturbed headwater watersheds have been shown to be very retentive of nitrogen, but the importance of biogeochemical and hydrological riparian zone processes in retaining nitrogen in these watersheds has not been demonstrated as it has for agricultural watersheds. An understanding of the role of the riparian zone in nitrate attenuation in undisturbed watersheds is crucial because these watersheds are increasingly subject to stressors, such as changes in land use and climate, wildfire, and increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition. In general, understanding processes controlling the concentration and flux of nitrate is critical to identifying and mapping the vulnerability of watersheds to water quality changes due to a variety of stressors. In undisturbed and agricultural watersheds we propose that understanding the importance of riparian zone processes in 2nd order and larger watersheds is critical. Research is needed that addresses the relative importance of how the following sources of nitrate along any given stream reach might change as watersheds increase in size and with flow: (1) inputs upstream from the reach, (2) tributary inflow, (3) water derived from the riparian zone, (4) groundwater from outside the riparian zone (intermediate or regional sources), and (5) in-stream (hyporheic) processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ranalli, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Macalady, Donald L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ranalli, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tranalli@usgs.gov NR 95 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 15 U2 127 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 11 PY 2010 VL 389 IS 3-4 BP 406 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.045 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 639LP UT WOS:000280976600018 ER PT J AU Thompson, EM Baise, LG Kayen, RE Tanaka, Y Tanaka, H AF Thompson, Eric M. Baise, Laurie G. Kayen, Robert E. Tanaka, Yasuo Tanaka, Hajime TI A geostatistical approach to mapping site response spectral amplifications SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seismic velocities; Site response; Geostatistics; Earthquake; Hazard; Map; Kobe; Microzonation ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; GROUND MOTION; SURFACE; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; WAVES; JAPAN; KOBE AB If quantitative estimates of the seismic properties do not exist at a location of interest then the site response spectral amplifications must be estimated from data collected at other locations. Currently, the most common approach employs correlations of site class with maps of surficial geology. Analogously, correlations of site class with topographic slope can be employed where the surficial geology is unknown. Our goal is to identify and validate a method to estimate site response with greater spatial resolution and accuracy for regions where additional effort is warranted. This method consists of three components: region-specific data collection, a spatial model for interpolating seismic properties, and a theoretical method for computing spectral amplifications from the interpolated seismic properties. We consider three spatial interpolation schemes: correlations with surficial geology, termed the geologic trend (GT), ordinary kriging (OK), and kriging with a trend (KT). We estimate the spectral amplifications from seismic properties using the square root of impedance method, thereby linking the frequency-dependent spectral amplifications to the depth-dependent seismic properties. Thus, the range of periods for which this method is applicable is limited by the depth of exploration. A dense survey of near-surface S-wave slowness (S(s)) throughout Kobe, Japan shows that the geostatistical methods give more accurate estimates of S(s) than the topographic slope and CT methods, and the OK and KT methods perform equally well. We prefer the KT model because it can be seamlessly integrated with geologic maps that cover larger regions. Empirical spectral amplifications show that the region-specific data achieve more accurate estimates of observed median short-period amplifications than the topographic slope method. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thompson, Eric M.; Baise, Laurie G.; Tanaka, Hajime] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Kayen, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tanaka, Yasuo] Kobe Univ, Res Ctr Urban Safety & Secur, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. RP Thompson, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, 113 Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM eric.thompson@tufts.edu RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; Baise, Laurie/D-1648-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; FU National Science Foundation [CMS-0547190]; International Research and Education in Engineering (IREE) [CMS-0409311] FX The first two authors are funded by National Science Foundation Grant CMS-0547190 and the international travel and collaboration that made this work possible was funded by an International Research and Education in Engineering (IREE) supplement to CMS-0409311. We thank Tomotaka Iwata for kindly sharing the Higashinada Ward aftershock data with us. We thank Thomas Oommen and Eugene Morgan for patiently helping with GIS software. Reviews by Barbara Luke, Robb Moss, Eugene Morgan, and an anonymous reviewer substantially improved this manuscript. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 330 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.05.010 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 638HM UT WOS:000280884200021 ER PT J AU Walter, F O'Neel, S McNamara, D Pfeffer, WT Bassis, JN Fricker, HA AF Walter, Fabian O'Neel, Shad McNamara, Daniel Pfeffer, W. T. Bassis, Jeremy N. Fricker, Helen Amanda TI Iceberg calving during transition from grounded to floating ice: Columbia Glacier, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIDEWATER GLACIERS; MASS-LOSS; ICEQUAKES; SHELF AB The terminus of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, unexpectedly became ungrounded in 2007 during its prolonged retreat. Visual observations showed that calving changed from a steady release of low-volume bergs, to episodic flow-perpendicular rifting, propagation, and release of very large icebergs - a style reminiscent of calving from ice shelves. Here, we compare passive seismic and photographic observations through this transition to examine changes in calving. Mechanical changes accompany the visible changes in calving style post flotation: generation of seismic energy during calving is substantially reduced. We propose this is partly due to changes in source processes. Citation: Walter, F., S. O'Neel, D. McNamara, W. T. Pfeffer, J. N. Bassis, and H. A. Fricker (2010), Iceberg calving during transition from grounded to floating ice: Columbia Glacier, Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L15501, doi:10.1029/2010GL043201. C1 [Walter, Fabian; Fricker, Helen Amanda] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99775 USA. [McNamara, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Pfeffer, W. T.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bassis, Jeremy N.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Walter, F (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Bassis, Jeremy/J-1706-2012; Walter, Fabian/B-7490-2014 OI Bassis, Jeremy/0000-0003-2946-7176; Walter, Fabian/0000-0001-6952-2761 FU NSF [ANT-0739769, IPY-0732726] FX This work was supported by NSF ANT-0739769 and IPY-0732726. Jason Amundson and an anonymous reviewer provided insightful comments. The Extreme Ice Survey supported time-lapse photography campaigns from 2006 to 2010. Thanks to M. Kennedy for rendering the video in short order. Richard Boaz provided valuable assistance with the installation and set up of the PQLX software. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L15501 DI 10.1029/2010GL043201 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 636FZ UT WOS:000280718200002 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, DH Bakun, WH Parsons, T Simpson, RW Boatwright, J Uhrhammer, RA AF Oppenheimer, David H. Bakun, William H. Parsons, Tom Simpson, Robert W. Boatwright, John Uhrhammer, Robert A. TI The 2007 M5.4 Alum Rock, California, earthquake: Implications for future earthquakes on the central and southern Calaveras Fault SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; HOLOCENE SLIP RATE; BAY-REGION; REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; MODERATE EARTHQUAKES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; STRESS; MAGNITUDE; RECURRENCE AB The similarity of seismograms recorded by two seismic stations demonstrate that the 31 October 2007 moment magnitude M5.4 Alum Rock earthquake is a repeat of a 1955 M(L)5.5 earthquake. Both occurred on Oppenheimer et al.'s (1990) Zone V "stuck patch" on the central Calaveras fault, providing new support for their model of Calaveras fault earthquake activity. We suggest that Zone V fails only in a family of recurring M similar to 5.4-5.5 earthquakes. The 1955 and 2007 earthquakes are the penultimate and ultimate Zone V events. Earthquakes in 1891 and 1864 are possible earlier Zone V events. The next Zone V event is not expected in the next few decades, assuming a time-dependent recurrence model: the mean forecast date is 2064 (2035-2104, 95% confidence range). We further suggest that Zones I, II, III, and IV fail in recurring M similar to 5.1-5.3, M similar to 5.6-5.8, M similar to 6.1-6.3, and M similar to 4.9-5.0 earthquakes, respectively. If our earthquake recurrence model is correct, the next Zone I event is overdue and could occur anytime, and M5-6 earthquakes should not occur on Zones II, III, and IV before 2014, 2012, and 2026, respectively. We cannot rule out the possibility that Zone VI, which lies at the southern end of the Mission Seismic Trend, where the southern Hayward and central Calaveras faults appear to connect at depth, fails aseismically or in large events on the southern Hayward fault, such as last occurred in 1868, or in large events on the adjoining northern Calaveras fault segment. C1 [Oppenheimer, David H.; Bakun, William H.; Parsons, Tom; Simpson, Robert W.; Boatwright, John] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Uhrhammer, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oppenheimer, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM oppen@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338; Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640 NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B08305 DI 10.1029/2009JB006683 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 636GX UT WOS:000280720900001 ER PT J AU Bizzarri, A Dunham, EM Spudich, P AF Bizzarri, A. Dunham, Eric M. Spudich, P. TI Coherence of Mach fronts during heterogeneous supershear earthquake rupture propagation: Simulations and comparison with observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID IMPERIAL-VALLEY EARTHQUAKE; HIGH-FREQUENCY RADIATION; GROUND-MOTION; CONSTITUTIVE LAWS; SOURCE MECHANISM; SHEAR RUPTURE; SOURCE MODEL; FAULT; VELOCITY; SLIP AB We study how heterogeneous rupture propagation affects the coherence of shear and Rayleigh Mach wavefronts radiated by supershear earthquakes. We address this question using numerical simulations of ruptures on a planar, vertical strike-slip fault embedded in a three-dimensional, homogeneous, linear elastic half-space. Ruptures propagate spontaneously in accordance with a linear slip-weakening friction law through both homogeneous and heterogeneous initial shear stress fields. In the 3-D homogeneous case, rupture fronts are curved owing to interactions with the free surface and the finite fault width; however, this curvature does not greatly diminish the coherence of Mach fronts relative to cases in which the rupture front is constrained to be straight, as studied by Dunham and Bhat (2008a). Introducing heterogeneity in the initial shear stress distribution causes ruptures to propagate at speeds that locally fluctuate above and below the shear wave speed. Calculations of the Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) of ground velocity time histories corroborate the kinematic results of Bizzarri and Spudich (2008a): (1) The ground motion of a supershear rupture is richer in high frequency with respect to a subshear one. (2) When a Mach pulse is present, its high frequency content overwhelms that arising from stress heterogeneity. Present numerical experiments indicate that a Mach pulse causes approximately an omega(-1.7) high frequency falloff in the FAS of ground displacement. Moreover, within the context of the employed representation of heterogeneities and over the range of parameter space that is accessible with current computational resources, our simulations suggest that while heterogeneities reduce peak ground velocity and diminish the coherence of the Mach fronts, ground motion at stations experiencing Mach pulses should be richer in high frequencies compared to stations without Mach pulses. In contrast to the foregoing theoretical results, we find no average elevation of 5%-damped absolute response spectral accelerations (SA) in the period band 0.05-0.4 s observed at stations that presumably experienced Mach pulses during the 1979 Imperial Valley, 1999 Kocaeli, and 2002 Denali Fault earthquakes compared to SA observed at non-Mach pulse stations in the same earthquakes. A 20% amplification of short period SA is seen only at a few of the Imperial Valley stations closest to the fault. This lack of elevated SA suggests that either Mach pulses in real earthquakes are even more incoherent that in our simulations or that Mach pulses are vulnerable to attenuation through nonlinear soil response. In any case, this result might imply that current engineering models of high frequency earthquake ground motions do not need to be modified by more than 20% close to the fault to account for Mach pulses, provided that the existing data are adequately representative of ground motions from supershear earthquakes. C1 [Bizzarri, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Bologna, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. [Dunham, Eric M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dunham, Eric M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Spudich, P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bizzarri, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Bologna, Via Donato Creti 12, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. EM bizzarri@bo.ingv.it RI Bizzarri, Andrea/B-5039-2010 NR 59 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B08301 DI 10.1029/2009JB006819 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 636GW UT WOS:000280720800004 ER PT J AU Close, DA Yun, SS McCormick, SD Wildbill, AJ Li, WM AF Close, David A. Yun, Sang-Seon McCormick, Stephen D. Wildbill, Andrew J. Li, Weiming TI 11-Deoxycortisol is a corticosteroid hormone in the lamprey SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolution; nuclear-receptor; stress response ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS-L; ADULT SEA LAMPREY; SALMO-TRUTTA-L; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; CORTISOL IMPLANTATION; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; LAMPETRA-FLUVIATILIS; VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION; STEROID-RECEPTORS AB Corticosteroid hormones are critical for controlling metabolism, hydromineral balance, and the stress response in vertebrates. Although corticosteroid hormones have been well characterized in most vertebrate groups, the identity of the earliest vertebrate corticosteroid hormone has remained elusive. Here we provide evidence that 11-deoxycortisol is the corticosteroid hormone in the lamprey, a member of the agnathans that evolved more than 500 million years ago. We used RIA, HPLC, and mass spectrometry analysis to determine that 11-deoxycortisol is the active corticosteroid present in lamprey plasma. We also characterized an 11-deoxycortisol receptor extracted from sea lamprey gill cytosol. The receptor was highly specific for 11-deoxycortisol and exhibited corticosteroid binding characteristics, including DNA binding. Furthermore, we observed that 11-deoxycortisol was regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and responded to acute stress. 11-Deoxycortisol implants reduced sex steroid concentrations and upregulated gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, an enzyme critical for ion balance. We show here that 11-deoxycortisol functioned as both a glucocorticoid and a mineralocorticoid in the lamprey. Our findings indicate that a complex and highly specific corticosteroid signaling pathway evolved at least 500 million years ago with the arrival of the earliest vertebrate. C1 [Close, David A.; Yun, Sang-Seon; Wildbill, Andrew J.; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Close, David A.] Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Dept Nat Resources, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Close, DA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM d.close@fisheries.ubc.ca; liweim@msu.edu RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013; Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518; Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation; Bonneville Power Administration; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Office of Diversity and Pluralism in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Michigan State University; National Institute of Mental Health [T32MH70343] FX We thank A. P. Scott, Nicholas Johnson, and Ken Poff for technical advice; Lijun Chen of the Michigan State University's Mass Spectrometry Facility for technical expertise; and the reviewers and editor for constructive comments. We also thank the staff of the US Geological Survey Hammond Bay biological station and the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for providing research facilities. This research was supported by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Bonneville Power Administration, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Office of Diversity and Pluralism in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Michigan State University, and a National Institute of Mental Health traineeship (T32MH70343). NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 28 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 3 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 31 BP 13942 EP 13947 DI 10.1073/pnas.0914026107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 634SP UT WOS:000280605900070 PM 20643930 ER PT J AU Long, ES Diefenbach, DR Wallingford, BD Rosenberry, CS AF Long, Eric S. Diefenbach, Duane R. Wallingford, Bret D. Rosenberry, Christopher S. TI Influence of Roads, Rivers, and Mountains on Natal Dispersal of White-Tailed Deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barriers; disease spread; dispersal direction; dispersal pathway; emigration; movement; Odocoileus virginianus; path analysis; Pennsylvania; white-tailed deer ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; GENE FLOW; ANIMAL DISPERSAL; HABITAT; POPULATION; PATTERNS; CORRIDORS; MOVEMENTS; DIRECTION AB Natural and anthropogenic landscape features, such as rivers, mountain ranges, and roads can alter animal dispersal paths and movement patterns. Consequently landscape, through its effects on dispersal, may influence many ecological processes, including disease transmission, invasion dynamics, and gene flow. To investigate influences of landscape features on dispersal patterns of a large mammal, we captured and radiomarked 363 juvenile male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), including 212 confirmed dispersers, in 2 topographically dissimilar study areas in Pennsylvania, USA. Dispersal azimuths were uniformly distributed in the western study area (WSA), where there was irregular, hilly topography. Mean dispersal azimuths paralleled ridge direction in the eastern study area, where long parallel ridges were aligned northeast-southwest. Major roads in both areas and a large river in the WSA were semipermeable barriers to dispersal of juvenile males; dispersal paths were less likely to intersect these linear features. Dispersal movements were direct and brief, typically lasting <12 hours. For all dispersers, we found no evidence for preference or avoidance of establishing adult, postdispersal ranges in proximity to roads; however, deer that encountered roads near the terminus of their dispersal path were more likely to stop on the near side. Further, for deer that established postdispersal home ranges near major roads, these features influenced range placement such that locations were typically clustered on one side of the road. The influence of roads, rivers, and mountains on dispersal paths and postdispersal locations of white-tailed deer suggest that landscape-specific features should be considered in conservation and management of this and possibly other species of large mammals. C1 [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wallingford, Bret D.; Rosenberry, Christopher S.] Penn Game Commiss, Bur Wildlife Management, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Long, ES (reprint author), Seattle Pacific Univ, Dept Biol, 3307 3rd Ave W,Suite 205, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. EM longe@spu.edu FU PGC; United States Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania Audubon Society; Susquehanna, Southeast; Northcentral Pennsylvania Branches of the Quality Deer Management Association; Pennsylvania Deer Association FX We thank >80 private landowners, the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC), and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources for generously providing access to their land. We also thank many technicians who assisted with deer capture and radiotracking. We thank R. Ferrer for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the PGC; United States Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania Audubon Society; the Susquehanna, Southeast, and Northcentral Pennsylvania Branches of the Quality Deer Management Association; and the Pennsylvania Deer Association. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 42 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1242 EP 1249 DI 10.2193/2009-096 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 630ZT UT WOS:000280316700009 ER PT J AU Shive, JP Pilliod, DS Peterson, CR AF Shive, Jeremy P. Pilliod, David S. Peterson, Charles R. TI Hyperspectral Analysis of Columbia Spotted Frog Habitat SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibian habitat; Bighorn Crags; Columbia spotted frog; hyperspectral; Rana luteiventris; remote sensing ID RANA-LUTEIVENTRIS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; INVENTORY; WETLANDS; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB Wildlife managers increasingly are using remotely sensed imagery to improve habitat delineations and sampling strategies. Advances in remote sensing technology, such as hyperspectral imagery, provide more information than previously was available with multispectral sensors. We evaluated accuracy of high-resolution hyperspectral image classifications to identify wetlands and wetland habitat features important for Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) and compared the results to multispectral image classification and United States Geological Survey topographic maps. The study area spanned 3 lake basins in the Salmon River Mountains, Idaho, USA. Hyperspectral data were collected with an airborne sensor on 30 June 2002 and on 8 July 2006. A 12-year comprehensive ground survey of the study area for Columbia spotted frog reproduction served as validation for image classifications. Hyperspectral image classification accuracy of wetlands was high, with a producer's accuracy of 96% (44 wetlands) correctly classified with the 2002 data and 89% (41 wetlands) correctly classified with the 2006 data. We applied habitat-based rules to delineate breeding habitat from other wetlands, and successfully predicted 74% (14 wetlands) of known breeding wetlands for the Columbia spotted frog. Emergent sedge microhabitat classification showed promise for directly predicting Columbia spotted frog egg mass locations within a wetland by correctly identifying 72% (23 of 32) of known locations. Our study indicates hyperspectral imagery can be an effective tool for mapping spotted frog breeding habitat in the selected mountain basins. We conclude that this technique has potential for improving site selection for inventory and monitoring programs conducted across similar wetland habitat and can be a useful tool for delineating wildlife habitats. C1 [Shive, Jeremy P.; Peterson, Charles R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Shive, JP (reprint author), SM Stoller Corp, 120 Technol Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. EM jshive@stoller.com OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center FX Our study was made possible by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center. The Idaho State University Graduate Student Research and Scholarship Committee also provided partial funding for training in hyperspectral data analysis. The USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative program provided funding for the 2006 HyMap imagery and analysis. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1387 EP 1394 DI 10.2193/2008-534 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 630ZT UT WOS:000280316700027 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD AF Nichols, J. D. TI The wildlife picture index, monitoring and conservation SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 BP 344 EP 346 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00382.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631RR UT WOS:000280365900003 ER PT J AU Young, KA Dunham, JB Stephenson, JF Terreau, A Thailly, AF Gajardo, G de Leaniz, CG AF Young, K. A. Dunham, J. B. Stephenson, J. F. Terreau, A. Thailly, A. F. Gajardo, G. de Leaniz, C. Garcia TI A trial of two trouts: comparing the impacts of rainbow and brown trout on a native galaxiid SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE non-native species; invasion; fishes; freshwater; Chile; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmo trutta; Aplochiton zebra ID NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; FRESH-WATER FISHES; SALMO-TRUTTA; INTRODUCED SALMONIDS; INVASION BIOLOGY; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; WORLD DISTRIBUTION; EXOTIC SALMONIDS; ALIEN FISHES; BIODIVERSITY AB Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta are the world's two most widespread exotic fishes, dominate the fish communities of most cold-temperate waters in the southern hemisphere and are implicated in the decline and extirpation of native fish species. Here, we provide the first direct comparison of the impacts of rainbow and brown trout on populations of a native fish by quantifying three components of exotic species impact: range, abundance and effect. We surveyed 54 small streams on the island of Chiloe in Chilean Patagonia and found that the rainbow trout has colonized significantly more streams and has a wider geographic range than brown trout. The two species had similar post-yearling abundances in allopatry and sympatry, and their abundances depended similarly on reach-level variation in the physical habitat. The species appeared to have dramatically different effects on native drift-feeding Aplochiton spp., which were virtually absent from streams invaded by brown trout but shared a broad sympatric range with rainbow trout. Within this range, the species' post-yearling abundances varied independently before and after controlling for variation in the physical habitat. In the north of the island, Aplochiton spp. inhabited streams uninvaded by exotic trouts. Our results provide a context for investigating the mechanisms responsible for apparent differences in rainbow and brown trout invasion biology and can help inform conservation strategies for native fishes in Chiloe and elsewhere. C1 [Young, K. A.; Terreau, A.; Thailly, A. F.] Univ Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile. [Dunham, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangel & Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR USA. [Stephenson, J. F.] Univ Bristol, Dept Biol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Gajardo, G.] Univ Los Lagos, Lab Genet & Acuicultura, Osorno, Chile. [de Leaniz, C. Garcia] Swansea Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sch Environm & Soc, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. RP Young, KA (reprint author), Environm Agcy, Lutra House, Preston PR5 8BX, Lancs, England. EM kyle.young@environment-agency.gov.uk RI Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/B-4396-2011; Varela, Daniel/D-9484-2013; OI Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/0000-0003-1650-2729; Stephenson, Jessica/0000-0001-8939-5149 FU Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA, UK) [162-15-020]; Universidad de Los Lagos FX We thank the people of Chiloe, who without exception provided us with warm greetings and access to their land to collect these data. We thank in particular Abraham Guevara, who allowed us to set up a permanent field camp on his property. We thank I. Arismendi and B. Penaluna for valuable discussions. This work was funded by the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA, UK) Darwin Initiative grant # 162-15-020 to C. G. L. and G. G., with financial and logistical support provided by the Universidad de Los Lagos. The views of K.A.Y. are not those of the Environment Agency. NR 69 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00354.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631RR UT WOS:000280365900011 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Petersen, CE Glotzbach, KJ Metzger, LF Christensen, AH Smith, GA O'Leary, D Fram, MS Joseph, T Shannon, H AF Izbicki, John A. Petersen, Christen E. Glotzbach, Kenneth J. Metzger, Loren F. Christensen, Allen H. Smith, Gregory A. O'Leary, David Fram, Miranda S. Joseph, Trevor Shannon, Heather TI Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) of chlorinated municipal drinking water in a confined aquifer SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ORGANIC SOLUTES; SAND AQUIFER; LAS-VEGAS; MODELS; SORPTION; QUALITY; SYSTEM AB About 1.02 x 10(6) m(3) of chlorinated municipal drinking water was injected into a confined aquifer, 94137 m below Roseville, California, between December 2005 and April 2006. The water was stored in the aquifer for 438 days, and 2.64 x 10(6) m(3) of water were extracted between July 2007 and February 2008. On the basis of Cl(-) data, 35% of the injected water was recovered and 65% of the injected water and associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) remained in the aquifer at the end of extraction. About 46.3 kg of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) entered the aquifer with the injected water and 37.6 kg of TTHM were extracted. As much as 44 kg of TTHMs remained in the aquifer at the end of extraction because of incomplete recovery of injected water and formation of THMs within the aquifer by reactions with free-chlorine in the injected water. Well-bore velocity log data collected from the Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) well show as much as 60% of the injected water entered the aquifer through a 9 m thick, high-permeability layer within the confined aquifer near the top of the screened interval. Model simulations of ground-water flow near the ASR well indicate that (1) aquifer heterogeneity allowed injected water to move rapidly through the aquifer to nearby monitoring wells, (2) aquifer heterogeneity caused injected water to move further than expected assuming uniform aquifer properties, and (3) physical clogging of high-permeability layers is the probable cause for the observed change in the distribution of borehole flow. Aquifer heterogeneity also enhanced mixing of native anoxic ground water with oxic injected water, promoting removal of THMs primarily through sorption. A 3 to 4-fold reduction in TTHM concentrations was observed in the furthest monitoring well 427 m downgradient from the ASR well, and similar magnitude reductions were observed in depth-dependent water samples collected from the upper part of the screened interval in the ASR well near the end of the extraction phase. Haloacetic acids (HAAs) were completely sorbed or degraded within 10 months of injection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Izbicki, John A.; Christensen, Allen H.; Smith, Gregory A.; O'Leary, David] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Petersen, Christen E.; Shannon, Heather] Montgomery Watson Harza Inc, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. [Glotzbach, Kenneth J.] Environm Util Dept, Roseville, CA 95747 USA. [Metzger, Loren F.; Fram, Miranda S.; Joseph, Trevor] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Joseph, Trevor] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov OI Fram, Miranda/0000-0002-6337-059X FU City of Roseville; US Geological Survey FX Injection, storage, and extraction of water, including sample collection from the ASR well and the monitoring wells, were done by the City of Roseville and MWH, Inc., with assistance from the California Department of Water Resources. Well-bore flow log and depth-dependent data collection were cooperatively funded by the City of Roseville and the US Geological Survey with logistical support by MWH, Inc. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1133 EP 1152 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.017 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 634YK UT WOS:000280622000004 ER PT J AU Monette, MY Yada, T Matey, V McCormick, SD AF Monette, Michelle Y. Yada, Takashi Matey, Victoria McCormick, Stephen D. TI Physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of impaired seawater tolerance following exposure of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts to acid and aluminum SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Acid rain; Aluminum; Smolting; Seawater tolerance; Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity; Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance; regulator; Mitochondria-rich cells; Caspase-3 ID CFTR ANION CHANNEL; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS EMBRYOS; MITOCHONDRIA-RICH CELLS; SHORT-TERM ACID; CHLORIDE CELLS; MOZAMBIQUE TILAPIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; FRESH-WATER AB We examined the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of impaired ion regulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts following acute acid and aluminum (Al) exposure. Smolts were exposed to: control (pH 6.5, 3.4 mu gl(-1) Al), acid and low Al (LAl: pH 5.4, 11 mu gl(-1) Al), acid and moderate Al (MAl: pH 5.3, 42 mu gl(-1) Al), and acid and high Al (HAl: pH 5.4, 56 mu gl(-1) Al) for two and six days. At each time-point, smolts were sampled directly from freshwater treatment tanks and after a 24 h seawater challenge. Exposure to acid/MAl and acid/HAl led to accumulation of gill Al, substantial alterations in gill morphology, reduced gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, and impaired ion regulation in both freshwater and seawater. Exposure to acid/MAl for six days also led to a decrease in gill mRNA expression of the apical Cl- channel (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator I), increased apoptosis upon seawater exposure, an increase in the surface expression of mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) within the filament epithelium of the gill, but reduced abundance of gill NKA-positive MRCs. By contrast, smolts exposed to acid and the lowest Al concentration exhibited minor gill Al accumulation, slight morphological modifications in the gill, and impaired seawater tolerance in the absence of a detectable effect on freshwater ion regulation. These impacts were accompanied by decreased cell proliferation, a slight increase in the surface expression of MRCs within the filament epithelium, but no impact on gill apoptosis or total MRC abundance was observed. However, MRCs in the gills of smolts exposed to acid/LAl exhibited morphological alterations including decreased size, staining intensity, and shape factor. We demonstrate that the seawater tolerance of Atlantic salmon smolts is extremely sensitive to acute exposure to acid and low levels of Al, and that the mechanisms underlying this depend on the time-course and severity of Al exposure. We propose that when smolts are exposed to acid and moderate to high Al concentrations, impaired seawater tolerance results from extensive gill Al accumulation, damage to the epithelium, reduced MRC and transport protein abundance, and a synergistic stimulation of apoptosis in the gill upon seawater exposure. When smolts are exposed to acid and low levels of Al, loss of seawater tolerance appears to be independent of these mechanisms and may result instead from a shift in the phenotype of MRCs present in the gill epithelium. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Monette, Michelle Y.; McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Monette, Michelle Y.; McCormick, Stephen D.] Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Yada, Takashi] Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Dept, Nikko, Japan. [Matey, Victoria] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Monette, MY (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, 333 Cedar St,POB 208026, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM michelle.monette@yale.edu FU Japanese Fisheries Research Agency FX We thank the Kensington State Fish Hatchery (Kensington, CT, USA) for providing us with the juvenile Atlantic salmon used in this study. We are grateful to Dianne Baker, Amanda Keyes, Darren Lerner, Kathy Nieves-Puigdoller, Mike O'Dea, and Amy Regish from the Conte Lab and Dr. Steven Barlow from SDSU for their assistance with this study. We would also like to thank Junya Hiroi and John Kelly for reviewing an early version of this manuscript. Partial funding for this study was provided by a grant to T. Yada from the Japanese Fisheries Research Agency. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 1 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.03.016 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 617JU UT WOS:000279277800003 PM 20483493 ER PT J AU Kiser, T Hansen, J Kennedy, B AF Kiser, Tim Hansen, James Kennedy, Brian TI Impacts and Pathways of Mine Contaminants to Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in an Idaho Watershed SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; DISODIUM ARSENATE HEPTAHYDRATE; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; CLARK-FORK RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; CHRONIC TOXICITY; BROWN TROUT; FISH AB Metals contamination from mining activities is a persistent problem affecting aquatic ecosystems throughout mining districts in the western USA. The Gold Creek drainage in northern Idaho has a history of mining within its headwaters and contains elevated sediment concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. To determine system-wide impacts of increased metals, we measured concentrations of metals in water, sediment, and benthic macroinvertebrate tissues and related them to whole-body fish tissues and histopathological alterations in native salmonids. Water concentrations were higher than those in reference areas, but were below water quality criteria for protection of aquatic biota for most of the study area. Sediment and benthic macroinvertebrate tissue concentrations for all metals were significantly higher at all sites compared with the reference site. Fish tissues were significantly higher for all metals below mine sites compared with the reference site, but only Cd and Pb were higher in fish tissues in the furthest downstream reach in the Gold Creek Delta. Metals concentrations in benthic macroinvertebrate tissues and fish tissues were strongly correlated, suggesting a transfer of metals through a dietary pathway. The concentrations within sediments and biota were similar to those reported in other studies in which adverse effects to salmonids occurred. We observed histopathological changes in livers of bull trout, including inflammation, necrosis, and pleomorphism. Our study is consistent with other work in which sediment-driven exposure can transfer up the food chain and may cause adverse impacts to higher organisms. C1 [Kiser, Tim] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Washington Field Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. [Hansen, James] US DOE, Richland Operat Off, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kennedy, Brian] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kiser, T (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Washington Field Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. EM Tim_Kiser@fws.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Unit at the University of Idaho FX This research was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Contaminants Program and the Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Unit at the University of Idaho. We would like to thank Roy Brazzle, Toni Davidson, Scott Deeds, Kate Healy, and Jon Lipke for their help with data collection. We thank Beth MacConnell at the Bozeman Fish Health Center for histopathological analysis and guidance on interpretation. Lastly, we thank Greg Moller and Brian Spears for their reviews and suggestions. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 59 IS 2 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9457-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 629UR UT WOS:000280225900014 PM 20101401 ER PT J AU DeGange, AR Byrd, GV Walker, LR Waythomas, CF AF DeGange, Anthony R. Byrd, G. Vernon Walker, Lawrence R. Waythomas, C. F. TI Introduction-The Impacts of the 2008 Eruption of Kasatochi Volcano on Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID VEGETATION; SUCCESSION; HABITATS; BIRDS C1 [DeGange, Anthony R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Byrd, G. Vernon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Walker, Lawrence R.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Waythomas, C. F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP DeGange, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tdegange@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.245 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651IL UT WOS:000281921300001 ER PT J AU Scott, WE Nye, CJ Waythomas, CF Neal, CA AF Scott, William E. Nye, Christopher J. Waythomas, Christopher F. Neal, Christina A. TI August 2008 Eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska-Resetting an Island Landscape SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Kasatochi Island, the subaerial portion of a small volcano in the western Aleutian volcanic arc, erupted on 7-8 August 2008. Pyroclastic flows and surges swept the island repeatedly and buried most of it and the near-shore zone in decimeters to tens of meters of deposits. Several key seabird rookeries in taluses were rendered useless. The eruption lasted for about 24 hours and included two initial explosive pulses and pauses over a 6-hr period that produced ash-poor eruption clouds, a 10-hr period of continuous ash-rich emissions initiated by an explosive pulse and punctuated by two others, and a final 8-hr period of waning ash emissions. The deposits of the eruption include a basal muddy tephra that probably reflects initial eruptions through the shallow crater lake, a sequence of pumiceous and lithic-rich pyroclastic deposits produced by flow, surge, and fall processes during a period of energetic explosive eruption, and a fine-grained upper mantle of pyroclastic-fall and -surge deposits that probably reflects the waning eruptive stage as lake and ground water again gained access to the erupting magma. An eruption with similar impact on the island's environment had not occurred for at least several centuries. Since the 2008 eruption, the volcano has remained quiet other than emission of volcanic gases. Erosion and deposition are rapidly altering slopes and beaches. C1 [Scott, William E.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Nye, Christopher J.] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Waythomas, Christopher F.; Neal, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Scott, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM wescott@usgs.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [923]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX Fieldwork on Kasatochi Island in 2009 was supported by grants from the North Pacific Research Board (Project #923) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and by in-kind support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and USGS. Captain Billy Pepper and the crew of the RN Tiglax provided safe passage and fine accommodations. We thank other scientists involved in the Kasatochi work for engendering a fruitful and rewarding interdisciplinary effort. Brandon Browne, Brian Jicha, and Stephanie Prejean provided insightful and constructive reviews of our manuscript for which we are grateful. This is contribution 252 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.250 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651IL UT WOS:000281921300002 ER PT J AU Waythomas, CF Scott, WE Nye, CJ AF Waythomas, Christopher F. Scott, William E. Nye, Christopher J. TI The Geomorphology of an Aleutian Volcano following a Major Eruption: the 7-8 August 2008 Eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska, and Its Aftermath SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; MODELING WATER EROSION; SEDIMENT YIELD; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; GULLY PROCESSES; WASHINGTON; TEPHRA; FLOW; INFILTRATION; VARIABILITY AB Analysis of satellite images of Kasatochi volcano and field studies in 2008 and 2009 have shown that within about one year of the 7-8 August 2008 eruption, significant geomorphic changes associated with surface and coastal erosion have occurred. Gully erosion has removed 300,000 to 600,000 m(3) of mostly fine-grained volcanic sediment from the flanks of the volcano and much of this has reached the ocean. Sediment yield estimates from two representative drainage basins on the south and west flanks of the volcano, with drainage areas of 0.7 and 0.5 km(2), are about 10(4) m(3) km(-2) yr(-1) and are comparable to sediment yields documented at other volcanoes affected by recent eruptive activity. Estimates of the retreat of coastal cliffs also made from analysis of satellite images indicate average annual erosion rates of 80 to 140 m yr(-1). If such rates persist it could take 3-5 years for wave erosion to reach the pre-eruption coastline, which was extended seaward about 400 m by the accumulation of erupted volcanic material. As of 13 September 2009, the date of the most recent satellite image of the island, the total volume of material eroded by wave action was about 10(6) m(3). We did not investigate the distribution of volcanic sediment in the near shore ocean around Kasatochi Island, but it appears that erosion and sediment dispersal in the nearshore environment will be greatest during large storms when the combination of high waves and rainfall runoff are most likely to coincide. C1 [Waythomas, Christopher F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Scott, William E.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Nye, Christopher J.] Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Nye, Christopher J.] Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Waythomas, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM chris@usgs.gov; wescott@usgs.gov; cnye@gi.alaska.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [923]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board, Project #923, and the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program. The authors thank the crew and staff of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service R/V Tiglax for logistical support of our work on Kasatochi Island. Review comments by two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor are appreciated and helped improve the clarity of the manuscript This is contribution 253 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 260 EP 275 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.260 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651IL UT WOS:000281921300003 ER PT J AU Wang, B Michaelson, G Ping, CL Plumlee, G Hageman, P AF Wang, Bronwen Michaelson, Gary Ping, Chien-Lu Plumlee, Geoffrey Hageman, Philip TI Characterization of Pyroclastic Deposits and Pre-eruptive Soils following the 2008 Eruption of Kasatochi Island Volcano, Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; TEPHRA; EROSION AB The 7-8 August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Island volcano blanketed the island in newly generated pyroclastic deposits and deposited ash into the ocean and onto nearby islands. Concentrations of water soluble Fe, Cu, and Zn determined from a 1:20 deionized water leachate of the ash were sufficient to provide short-term fertilization of the surface ocean. The 2008 pyroclastic deposits were thicker in concavities at bases of steeper slopes and thinner on steep slopes and ridge crests. By summer 2009, secondary erosion had exposed the pre-eruption soils along gulley walls and in gully bottoms on the southern and eastern slopes, respectively. Topographic and microtopographic position altered the depositional patterns of the pyroclastic flows and resulted in pre-eruption soils being buried by as little as 1 m of ash. The different erosion patterns gave rise to three surfaces on which future ecosystems will likely develop: largely pre-eruptive soils; fresh pyroclastic deposits influenced by shallowly buried, pre-eruptive soil; and thick (>1 m) pyroclastic deposits. As expected, the chemical composition differed between the pyroclastic deposits and the pre-eruptive soils. Pre-eruptive soils hold stocks of C and N important for establishing biota that are lacking in the fresh pyroclastic deposits. The pyroclastic deposits are a source for P and K but have negligible nutrient holding capacity, making these elements vulnerable to leaching loss. Consequently, the pre-eruption soils may also represent an important long-term P and K source. C1 [Wang, Bronwen] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Michaelson, Gary; Ping, Chien-Lu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Plumlee, Geoffrey; Hageman, Philip] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wang, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bwang@usgs.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [923]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (Project #923), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We are grateful to Jeff Williams and Lisa Spitler of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for exceptional logistic support and to the Captain and crew of the M/V Tiglax for safe passage to and from Kasatochi Island. This is contribution 254 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.276 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651IL UT WOS:000281921300004 ER PT J AU Talbot, SS Talbot, SL Walker, LR AF Talbot, Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra Looman Walker, Lawrence R. TI Post-eruption Legacy Effects and Their Implications for Long-Term Recovery of the Vegetation on Kasatochi Island, Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; CLASSIFICATION; SUCCESSION; ERUPTION; COLONIZATION; VOLCANO AB We studied the vegetation of Kasatochi Island, central Aleutian Islands, to provide a general field assessment regarding the survival of plants, lichens, and fungi following a destructive volcanic eruption that occurred in 2008. Plant community data were analyzed using multivariate methods to explore the relationship between pre- and post-eruption plant cover; 5 major vegetation types were identified: Honckenya peploides beach, Festuca rubra cliff shelf, Lupinus nootkatensis Festuca rubra meadow, Leymus mollis bluff ridge (and beach), and Aleuria aurantia lower slope barrens. Our study provided a very unusual glimpse into the early stages of plant primary succession on a remote island where most or the vegetation was destroyed. Plants that apparently survived the eruption dominated early plant communities. Not surprisingly, the most diverse post-eruption community most closely resembled a widespread pre-eruption type. Microhabitats where early plant communities were found were distinct and apparently crucial in determining plant survival. Comparison with volcanic events in related boreal regions indicated some post-eruption pattern similarities. C1 [Talbot, Stephen S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Talbot, Sandra Looman] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Walker, Lawrence R.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Talbot, SS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM stephen_talbot@fws.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 FU Department of Botany at the University of Hawaii at Manoa; North Pacific Research Board [923]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the following taxonomic specialists for their confirmations or determinations of the following: ascomycetes-G. A. Laursen, University of Alaska (2009); bryophytes-W. B. Schofield, University of British Columbia (2001, 2003), and O. Lee, University of British Columbia (2009); graminoids-J. M. Saarela, Canadian Museum of Nature (2009); Epilobium-P. C. Hoch, Missouri Botanical Garden; miscellaneous vascular plants-A. R. Batten, University of Alaska (2001, 2003); Orchidaceae-C. J. Sheviak, New York State Museum (2001, 2003); Poaceae-R. J. Soreng, Smithsonian Institution (2001); Stellaria-J. K. Morton, University of Waterloo (2001, 2003); and lichens-J. W. Thomson, University of Wisconsin (2001, 2003). Our thanks to J. Brewer and R. Sicilian, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for map production; and for the thoughtful reviews of P. Krestov (Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Vladivostok) and A. Solomeshch (University of California at Davis). Walker thanks the Department of Botany at the University of Hawaii at Manoa for support through the Wilder Chair program. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The North Pacific Research Board (Project #923), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Geological Survey provided support for this study. This is contribution 255 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.285 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651IL UT WOS:000281921300005 ER PT J AU Williams, JC Drummond, BA Buxton, RT AF Williams, Jeffrey C. Drummond, Brie A. Buxton, Rachel T. TI Initial Effects of the August 2008 Volcanic Eruption on Breeding Birds and Marine Mammals at Kasatochi Island, Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; RECRUITMENT; WASHINGTON; PATTERNS; AUKLETS; COLONY AB Kasatochi Island, home to a rich community of largely marine-dependent fauna, erupted with little warning on 7-8 August 2008 and buried the island under up to 30 m of tephra. We visited the island during the summer of 2009 to examine the effects of the eruption on local wildlife. The abundance of sea lions and many seabird species in 2009 was comparable to pre-eruption estimates, suggesting that adult mortality was low for these species. In contrast, shorebirds and passerines formerly breeding on the island were not observed in 2009 and probably perished in the eruption. The largest direct effect of the eruption to individual animals was probably mortality of chicks, with an estimated total 20,000-40,000 young birds lost. Indirect effects on wildlife consisted of loss of foraging habitat for species that relied on former terrestrial, intertidal, or nearshore-subtidal habitat and the near-total destruction of all former nesting habitats for most species. Although several species attempted to breed in 2009, all except Steller's sea lions failed due to lack of suitable breeding sites. The recovery of wildlife at Kasatochi will depend on erosion of the tephra layer blanketing the island to re-expose former breeding habitat. C1 [Williams, Jeffrey C.; Drummond, Brie A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Buxton, Rachel T.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Seabird Ecol Grp, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. RP Williams, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 95 Sterling Highway,Suite 1, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM jeff_williams@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; North Pacific Research Board [923] FX We especially thank the numerous technicians who collected data from 1996 to 2008 and added to our knowledge of Kasatochi before the eruption. Lowell Fritz and Tom Gelatt of the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, allowed use of aerial photographic survey counts for Steller's sea lions. This paper benefitted from the comments provided by Robert Day, Leslie Slater, Don Dragoo, Lisa Spitler, and an anonymous reviewer. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funded all work prior to the eruption; work in 2009 was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and North Pacific Research Board project grant 923. This is contribution 257 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 306 EP 314 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.306 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651IL UT WOS:000281921300007 ER PT J AU Jewett, SC Bodkin, JL Chenelot, H Esslinger, GG Hoberg, MK AF Jewett, Stephen C. Bodkin, James L. Chenelot, Heloise Esslinger, George G. Hoberg, Max K. TI The Nearshore Benthic Community of Kasatochi Island, One Year after the 2008 Volcanic Eruption SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEA OTTERS; ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; KELP FORESTS; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; DISTURBANCE; CALIFORNIA; AMPHIPODS; PATTERNS; RECOVERY; ZONATION AB A description is presented of the nearshore benthic community of Kasatochi Island 10-12 months after a catastrophic volcanic eruption in 2008. The eruption extended the coastline of the island approximately 400 m offshore, mainly along the south, southeast, and southwest shores, to roughly the 20 m isobath. Existing canopy kelp of Eualaria (Alaria) fistulosa, as well as limited understory algal species and associated fauna (e.g., urchin barrens) on the hard substratum were apparently buried following the eruption. Samples and observations revealed the substrate around the island in 2009 was comprised almost entirely of medium and coarse sands with a depauperate benthic community, dominated by opportunistic pontogeneiid amphipods. Comparisons of habitat and biological communities with other nearby Aleutian Islands, as well as with the Icelandic volcanic island of Surtsey, confirm dramatic reductions in flora and fauna consistent with an early stage of recovery from a large-scale disturbance event. C1 [Jewett, Stephen C.; Bodkin, James L.; Esslinger, George G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Chenelot, Heloise; Hoberg, Max K.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Jewett, SC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jewett@ims.uaf.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [923]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Science Center FX We thank the North Pacific Research Board (Project #923) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Science Center for funding this study. We also thank the crew of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) M/V Tiglax and USGS Research Diver Sandra Baldwin for her support in field operations. We thank Tony DeGange, Alaska Science Center, and Vernon Byrd, USFWS, for organizing the Kasatochi eruption science program; Jeff Williams, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, for providing the water temperature data; Robert L. Lauth, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), for providing a video on the pre-eruption benthic community; Gary S. Drew, USGS, for providing help with the figures; and Mandy Lindeberg, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, for providing help with the algal identifications. Finally, we thank Dr. James A. Estes, Dr. Howard M. Feder, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution 258 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.315 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651IL UT WOS:000281921300008 ER PT J AU Drew, GS Dragoo, DE Renner, M Piatt, JE AF Drew, Gary S. Dragoo, Donald E. Renner, Martin Piatt, John E. TI At-sea Observations of Marine Birds and Their Habitats before and after the 2008 Eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; SURFACE OCEAN; AUKLETS; EASTERN; ASH; ARCHIPELAGO; SEABIRDS; PATTERNS; LEAST; WATER AB Kasatochi volcano, an island volcano in the Aleutian chain, erupted on 7-8 August 2008. The resulting ash and pyroclastic flows blanketed the island, covering terrestrial habitats. We surveyed the marine environment surrounding Kasatochi Island in June and July of 2009 to document changes in abundance or distribution of nutrients, fish, and marine birds near the island when compared to patterns observed on earlier surveys conducted in 1996 and 2003. Analysis of Sea WiFS satellite imagery indicated that a large chlorophyll-a anomaly may have been the result of ash fertilization during the eruption. We found no evidence of continuing marine fertilization from terrestrial runoff 10 months after the eruption. At-sea surveys in June 2009 established that the most common species of seabirds at Kasatochi prior to the eruption, namely crested auklets (Aethia cristatella) and least auklets (Aethia pusilla) had returned to Kasatochi in relatively high numbers. Densities from more extensive surveys in July 2009 were compared with pre-eruption densities around Kasatochi and neighboring Ulak and Koniuji islands, but we found no evidence of an eruption effect. Crested and least auklet populations were not significantly reduced by the initial explosion and they returned to attempt breeding in 2009, even though nesting habitat had been rendered unusable. Maps of pre- and post-eruption seabird distribution anomalies indicated considerable variation, but we found no evidence that observed distributions were affected by the 2008 eruption. C1 [Drew, Gary S.; Renner, Martin; Piatt, John E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dragoo, Donald E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime NWR, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Drew, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM gdrew@usgs.gov OI Drew, Gary/0000-0002-6789-0891 FU North Pacific Research Board; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work would not have been possible without the past and continuing support of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. Their support of the SMMOCI surveys in 1996 and 2003 provided the baseline data for comparison. Over the three surveys, numerous biologists have contributed to marine bird surveys and we thank them all. We especially thank the crew of the M/V Tiglax for their commitment to this work. We thank the North Pacific Research Board, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey for providing funding for the post-eruption research in 2009. This is contribution 259 of the North Pacific Research Board. Helpful comments on the manuscript were provided by Dr. Kathy Kuletz, Dr. Stephen Garth, Anthony DeGange, and Vernon Byrd. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.325 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 651IL UT WOS:000281921300009 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Larson, JL AF Larson, Diane L. Larson, Jennifer L. TI Control of one invasive plant species allows exotic grasses to become dominant in northern Great Plains grasslands SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Agropyron repens; Bromus inermis; Euphorbia esula; Mixed-grass prairie; Poa pratensis; Tallgrass prairie ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; LEAFY SPURGE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BROMUS-INERMIS; SMOOTH BROME; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MOISTURE REGIMES; BIOCONTROL AGENT; FLEA BEETLES; MANAGEMENT AB Decline of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in the northern Great Plains of the US is generally viewed as a success story for biological control, but quality of the vegetation that survived the infestation is key to recovery of ecosystem function. In addition, effects of other invasive species, notably cool-season exotic grasses, must be taken into account. Objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate direction and significance of changes in biomass of native and exotic grasses, forbs, and leafy spurge and in plant species composition following control of leafy spurge by flea beetles and (2) to evaluate the relative effects of leafy spurge and exotic grasses on biomass of native grasses, biomass of forbs, and richness of native species. We monitored species composition (1998-2003 and 2008) and biomass (2000, 2002, 2003 and 2008) of these groups on spurge-infested and noninfested permanent plots at three sites with unbroken prairie sod in North Dakota, USA. We found little evidence, in terms of species richness or biomass of native grasses or forbs, that leafy spurge was being replaced by desirable native species, although desirable as well as weedy and exotic species were characteristic of 2008 vegetation at all three sites. Structural equation models revealed that leafy spurge had temporally intermittent negative effects on forb biomass and species richness, but no effects on native grasses. In contrast, exotic grass had consistently strong, negative effects on native grass biomass, as well as stronger negative effects than leafy spurge on native species richness. Although substantial native plant diversity remains at these sites, exotic grasses pose an important threat to these crucial building blocks of native prairie ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Larson, Jennifer L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. EM dlarson@usgs.gov OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU US Geological Survey Quick Response Program and Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this study was provided by US Geological Survey Quick Response Program and Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, especially P. Scherr and K. Askerooth, provided important logistical support and cooperation. R. Finocchiaro, J.B. Grace, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank the seasonal technicians whose hard work in the field made this study possible. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 143 IS 8 BP 1901 EP 1910 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.045 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620LG UT WOS:000279500800011 ER PT J AU Rieder, JP Newbold, TAS Ostoja, SM AF Rieder, J. P. Newbold, T. A. S. Ostoja, S. M. TI Structural changes in vegetation coincident with annual grass invasion negatively impacts sprint velocity of small vertebrates SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Utah sagebrush ecosystems; Vegetation structure; Sprint performance; Heteromyid rodents; Lizards; Species richness and abundance ID CHEATGRASS BROMUS-TECTORUM; BIRD SPECIES-DIVERSITY; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; EXOTIC GRASSES; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; RODENT COMMUNITIES; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; MICROHABITAT USE; ARID GRASSLAND AB Sagebrush ecosystems in the intermountain west of the United States are being threatened by conversion to the non-native grass, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). The dramatic shift in the physical structure of vegetation coincident with cheatgrass invasion likely has negative impacts on animal communities, yet these structural impacts have not been well-studied. In a previous study, dense cheatgrass stems reduced sprint velocity for the flattened, wide-bodied desert horned lizard (Phrynosoma platyrhinos). Here, we asked if a decrease in sprint velocity due to cheatgrass impediment can be generalized to the suite of small vertebrates inhabiting the sagebrush ecosystems of western Utah. We evaluated sprint performance of the common rodent (n = 3) and lizard (n = 4) species on two raceway types, cheatgrass and no-cheatgrass, and hypothesized that body size, body shape, and form of movement are important factors influencing sprint velocity through dense cheatgrass stems. All species showed significant reductions in speed on cheatgrass versus no-cheatgrass raceways, with percent reduction greatest for larger, wider, or hopping organisms compared to smaller, more slender, or running organisms. Of concern, surveys for rodents and lizards at our study areas support a common pattern: lower abundances of small vertebrates, as well as a loss of rodent species richness, in areas infested with cheatgrass compared to intact, native sagebrush communities. By extension, we expect a negative impact on animal communities in other semi-arid regions experiencing dramatic shifts in vegetation structure upon invasion by non-native grasses that are capable of forming dense stands in the interspaces of native desert plants [e.g., Sonoran desert invaded by buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare)]. C1 [Rieder, J. P.; Newbold, T. A. S.; Ostoja, S. M.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rieder, J. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Newbold, T. A. S.] Natl Pk Serv Inventory & Monitoring Program, Mojave Desert Network, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA. [Ostoja, S. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Rieder, JP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, 1472 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jrieder@colostate.edu NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2429 EP 2439 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9653-7 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RJ UT WOS:000279682800007 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Loftus, WF Kobza, RM Cook, MI Slone, DH AF Schofield, Pamela J. Loftus, William F. Kobza, Robert M. Cook, Mark I. Slone, Daniel H. TI Tolerance of nonindigenous cichlid fishes (Cichlasoma urophthalmus, Hemichromis letourneuxi) to low temperature: laboratory and field experiments in south Florida SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Cichlidae; Ecophysiology; Everglades; Low-temperature tolerance; Non-native species; Salinity ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; COLD TOLERANCE; LETHAL TEMPERATURES; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; EVERGLADES WETLANDS; BLACKCHIN TILAPIA; THERMAL TOLERANCE; UNITED-STATES; NILE TILAPIA; SALINITY AB The cold tolerance of two non-native cichlids (Hemichromis letourneuxi and Cichlasoma urophthalmus) that are established in south Florida was tested in the field and laboratory. In the laboratory, fishes were acclimated to two temperatures (24 and 28A degrees C), and three salinities (0, 10, and 35 ppt). Two endpoints were identified: loss of equilibrium (11.5-13.7A degrees C for C. urophthalmus; 10.8-12.5A degrees C for H. letourneuxi), and death (9.5-11.1A degrees C for C. urophthalmus; 9.1-13.3A degrees C for H. letourneuxi). In the field, fishes were caged in several aquatic habitats during two winter cold snaps. Temperatures were lowest (4.0A degrees C) in the shallow marsh, where no fish survived, and warmest in canals and solution-holes. Canals and ditches as shallow as 50 cm provided thermal refuges for these tropical fishes. Because of the effect on survival of different habitat types, simple predictions of ultimate geographic expansion by non-native fishes using latitude and thermal isoclines are insufficient for freshwater fishes. C1 [Schofield, Pamela J.; Slone, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Loftus, William F.] US Geol Survey, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Kobza, Robert M.; Cook, Mark I.] Everglades Div, S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 FU South Florida Water Management District; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the South Florida Water Management District, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4) and the U.S. Geological Survey (Invasive Species Program). Jackie Langston and Denise Gregoire provided expert assistance in the field and laboratory. Eric Cline and Ryan Desliu provided assistance in the field at Loxahatchee. Shane Ruessler and Bob Lewis provided technical assistance in the laboratory. Jenn Rehage and Ashley Porter kindly provided assistance with fish husbandry in south Florida. Jeff Kline, Joel Trexler, Mike Robblee, Fred Sklar, Susan Newman and two anonymous reviewers kindly provided comments that enhanced the manuscript. This study was completed under International Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval USGS/FISC 2007-02 and Everglades National Park permit EVER-2007-SCI-0014. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2441 EP 2457 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9654-6 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RJ UT WOS:000279682800008 ER PT J AU Fourqurean, JW Smith, TJ Possley, J Collins, TM Lee, D Namoff, S AF Fourqurean, James W. Smith, Thomas J., III Possley, Jennifer Collins, Timothy M. Lee, David Namoff, Sandra TI Are mangroves in the tropical Atlantic ripe for invasion? Exotic mangrove trees in the forests of South Florida SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Botanic gardens; Bruguiera; Lumnitzera; Forest structure; Population genetics ID BRUGUIERA-GYMNORRHIZA L.; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; INTRODUCED MANGROVES; KANDELIA-CANDEL; GAP FORMATION; HAWAII; REGENERATION; PREDATION; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT AB Two species of mangrove trees of Indo-Pacific origin have naturalized in tropical Atlantic mangrove forests in South Florida after they were planted and nurtured in botanic gardens. Two Bruguiera gymnorrhiza trees that were planted in the intertidal zone in 1940 have given rise to a population of at least 86 trees growing interspersed with native mangrove species Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa along 100 m of shoreline; the population is expanding at a rate of 5.6% year(-1). Molecular genetic analyses confirm very low genetic diversity, as expected from a population founded by two individuals. The maximum number of alleles at any locus was three, and we measured reduced heterozygosity compared to native-range populations. Lumnitzera racemosa was introduced multiple times during the 1960s and 1970s, it has spread rapidly into a forest composed of native R. mangle, A. germinans, Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erectus and now occupies 60,500 m(2) of mangrove forest with stem densities of 24,735 ha(-1). We estimate the population growth rate of Lumnitzera racemosa to be between 17 and 23% year(-1). Populations of both species of naturalized mangroves are dominated by young individuals. Given the long life and water-dispersed nature of propagules of the two exotic species, it is likely that they have spread beyond our survey area. We argue that the species-depauperate nature of tropical Atlantic mangrove forests and close taxonomic relatives in the more species-rich Indo-Pacific region result in the susceptibility of tropical Atlantic mangrove forests to invasion by Indo-Pacific mangrove species. C1 [Fourqurean, James W.; Collins, Timothy M.; Lee, David; Namoff, Sandra] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Fourqurean, James W.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Fourqurean, James W.; Possley, Jennifer; Namoff, Sandra] Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Collins, Timothy M.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Fourqurean, James W.] Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Program, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. RP Fourqurean, JW (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM jim.fourqurean@fiu.edu RI Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008 OI Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500 FU FTBG; US Geological Survey FX David T. Jones and the staff at the Kampong of the National Tropical Botanic Garden provided unfettered access to their grounds and helped to document the history of the introduction of B. gymnorrhiza there. Our work would not have been possible without their full cooperation and assistance. We thank Mary Collins for help in obtaining information on non-native mangrove species at FTBG, and a cooperative agreement between FTBG and Miami-Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management, Environmentally Endangered Lands Program. This study was partially supported by research funds of FTBG allocated to the Plant Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics lab jointly operated by FTBG and FIU. The help of K. Balentine, D. Broeksteeg, J. Eells, M. Eygenraam, H. de Groot, F. Scheibler and G. Tiling during field sampling is gratefully acknowledged. This manuscript was improved by the input of four anonymous reviewers. T. J. Smith received financial support from the Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Ecosystem Program of the US Geological Survey. This is contribution # 461 of the Southeast Environmental Research Center and contribution # 176 of the Tropical Biology Program at Florida International University. Mention of product and/or trade names does not imply endorsement on the part of the US Government. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2509 EP 2522 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9660-8 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RJ UT WOS:000279682800013 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, I Hart, KM Mazzotti, FJ Rice, KG Snow, S Rochford, M AF Fujisaki, Ikuko Hart, Kristen M. Mazzotti, Frank J. Rice, Kenneth G. Snow, Skip Rochford, Michael TI Risk assessment of potential invasiveness of exotic reptiles imported to south Florida SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Climate match; Establishment; Exotic species; Prediction ID PYTHON-SEBAE; SUCCESS AB The recent explosion of exotic reptiles in south Florida requires effective management strategies. The objective of this study is to bring knowledge of ecological correlates and quantitative modeling methods into management by providing the foundation for a screening procedure that will identify potentially invasive species and assess adverse impacts associated with these species. We considered 17 variables and, based on model selection procedures, we identified the following significant predictors of establishment success: taxonomic order, maximum temperature match between a species' native range and Florida, animal sale price, and manageability (defined as a species' maintenance cost, aggressiveness, proneness to escape, and venomousness). Applying the models to predict establishment success of 33 reptiles that were most frequently imported through Miami and St. Petersburg ports from 2000 to 2005 and two additional reptiles of concern in Florida, we identified eight lizards and four snakes as potentially successful invaders. We further assessed adverse impacts associated with potential invaders, should they become established, by identifying species that are (1) dangerous to humans, (2) dangerous to the ecosystem (upper trophic-level predators), and (3) rapidly spreading. Controlling exotic reptiles can be expensive and labor intensive once they are established. Information on which species are potential invaders based on screening procedures and what impacts these species might cause will be a valuable contribution to the development of proactive management strategies. C1 [Fujisaki, Ikuko; Mazzotti, Frank J.; Rochford, Michael] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr Davie Field Off, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Rice, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Snow, Skip] Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Fujisaki, I (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM ikuko@ufl.edu FU South Florida Water Management District; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program. We acknowledge Kenneth Dodd, Kenneth Krysko, Kevin Enge, Mac Kobza, and Michael Cherkiss for their professional advice, Robert Reed and Gordon Rodda for insightful reviews, Amanda Rice, Hardin Waddle, Laura Brandt, Nicola Hughes, Pam Fuller, and Wellington Guzman for their assistance with data collection, and Rebecca Harvey and Jen Frost for editorial help. We also appreciate the comments provided by Editor-in-Chief Dan Simberloff and an anonymous reviewer, which helped to clarify and contextualize the manuscript. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2585 EP 2596 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9667-1 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RJ UT WOS:000279682800019 ER PT J AU Fornwalt, PJ Kaufmann, MR Stohlgren, TJ AF Fornwalt, Paula J. Kaufmann, Merrill R. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Impacts of mixed severity wildfire on exotic plants in a Colorado ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir forest SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Exotic plants; Fire severity; Pinus ponderosa; Riparian areas; Time since fire ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; SIERRA-NEVADA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; CANADIAN WEEDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; INVASIONS; SUCCESSION; DIVERSITY AB The 2002 Hayman Fire burned with mixed severity across 55,800 ha of montane Colorado forest, including pre-existing plots that were originally measured for understory plant composition and cover in 1997. We examined the influence of the Hayman Fire on exotic plants by remeasuring these plots annually from 2003 to 2007. We found that (1) exotic richness and cover generally increased as fire severity and time since fire increased; (2) the exotic species present in a plot before the fire were also largely present in the plot postfire, regardless of fire severity; (3) most of the new postfire species in a plot were present elsewhere in the study area before the fire, although some new species were truly new invaders that were not found in prefire surveys; (4) lightly burned riparian forests were not more susceptible to exotic invasion than surrounding uplands that burned with similar severity; and (5) native and exotic richness and cover were positively correlated or uncorrelated for all fire severities and years. Our findings indicate that exotics were stimulated by the Hayman Fire, especially in severely burned areas. However, exotic richness and cover remain low as of 2007, and correlations between native and exotic richness and cover suggest that exotics have not yet interfered with native understory development. Therefore, we conclude that exotic plants are not a major ecological threat at present, but recommend that monitoring be continued to evaluate if they will pose a threat in future years. C1 [Fornwalt, Paula J.; Kaufmann, Merrill R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fornwalt, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pfornwalt@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program [03-2-3-08, 04-2-1-118]; NASA [NRA-03-OES-03]; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX This research project was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project Numbers 03-2-3-08 and 04-2-1-118), NASA (Project Number NRA-03-OES-03), and the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. We gratefully acknowledge Stephanie Asherin, Allison Grow, Rebecca Hemmerling, Micky McNaughton, Jill Oropeza, Lisa Schell, and Betsy Smith for their assistance with plant surveys, and Rebecca Hemmerling, Rick Shory and Jennifer Ventker for help with data management and specimen archiving. We also thank Laurie Huckaby, William Romme, and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on earlier drafts of the article, and Rudy King and Jim zumBrunnen for statistical advice. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 19 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2683 EP 2695 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9674-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RJ UT WOS:000279682800026 ER PT J AU Van Riper, LC Larson, DL Larson, JL AF Van Riper, Laura C. Larson, Diane L. Larson, Jennifer L. TI Nitrogen-limitation and invasive sweetclover impacts vary between two Great Plains plant communities SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Badlands sparse vegetation; Exotic legumes; Facilitator; Invasive plants; Melilotus officinalis; Nitrogen cycle; Western wheatgrass mixed-grass prairie ID MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; MELILOTUS-OFFICINALIS; BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION; GROWTH AB Yellow sweetclover is an exotic herbaceous legume common in the Great Plains of the US. Although woody legumes have been shown to affect ecosystem processes through nitrogen (N) fixation (i.e., they can be considered "transformers" sensu Richardson et al. (2000)), the same has not been shown for short-lived herbaceous species. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the effects of yellow sweetclover on N mineralization and nitrification and (2) assess the effects of N fertilization on two plant communities, badlands sparse vegetation and western wheatgrass prairie. We used in situ (in wheatgrass prairie) and laboratory incubations (for both plant communities) to assess N dynamics at sites with high and low sweetclover cover in the two plant communities. We found that both N mineralization and nitrification were higher in the high sweetclover plots in the sparse plant community, but not in the wheatgrass prairie. To assess fertilization effects and determine if nutrients or water were limiting at our sites, we conducted a field experiment with five resource addition treatments, (1) N, (2) N + water, (3) water, (4) phosphorus, and (5) no addition. Water was limiting in the wheatgrass prairie but contrary to expectation, N was not. In contrast, N was limiting in the sparse community, where a fertilization effect was seen in exotic forbs, especially the toxic invader Halogeton glomeratus. Our results emphasize the contingent nature of plant invasion in which effects are largely dependent on attributes of the recipient vegetation. C1 [Van Riper, Laura C.; Larson, Jennifer L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Van Riper, LC (reprint author), 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55117 USA. EM scho0536@umn.edu OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU National Science Foundation; US Geological Survey; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Badlands National Park; BNP FX Funding was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a grant from the US Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Program, USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, and Badlands National Park. S. Dingman and B. Kenner provided support at BNP. W. Newton assisted with the statistical analysis. Thanks to the field crews that assisted with data collection. J. King, S. Galatowitsch, D. Johnson, and W. Newton offered helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2735 EP 2749 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9678-y PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RJ UT WOS:000279682800030 ER PT J AU Blum, MJ Walters, DM Burkhead, NM Freeman, BJ Porter, BA AF Blum, Michael J. Walters, David M. Burkhead, Noel M. Freeman, Byron J. Porter, Brady A. TI Reproductive isolation and the expansion of an invasive hybrid swarm SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Hybridization; Assortative mating; Heterosis; Freshwater fish; Cyprinella ID MINNOW CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SEXUAL SELECTION; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW; PECOS PUPFISH; NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS; SYMPATRIC STICKLEBACKS; GENETIC INTROGRESSION; CARPOBROTUS AIZOACEAE; CYPRINELLA-GALACTURA AB Biological invasions involving hybridization proceed according to prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms. Yet few comparisons of reproductive isolation have been carried out to understand how different mechanisms prevent or promote invasions involving hybridization. Here we present a study of prezygotic and postzygotic isolation between non-native red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and native blacktail shiner (C. venusta stigmatura) from the Coosa River basin (USA) to better understand the formation and expansion of invasive hybrid swarms. We conducted spawning trials to measure mating preferences and raised broods from crosses to assay hybrid viability through early juvenile development. Females of both species were more responsive to conspecific mates, although blacktail shiner females responded more often to heterospecific mates than did red shiner females. Fecundity of red shiner females was also higher than blacktail shiner females. Heterospecific crosses resulted in lower fertilization and egg hatching rates, but we found no other evidence of inviability. Rather, we found comparatively low larval mortality of F(1) hybrids, which is suggestive of heterosis. These findings support prior inferences of assortative mating from genetic descriptions of hybridization, and that the invasion in the Coosa River is likely proceeding due to interspecific competition and intrinsic hybrid viability. C1 [Blum, Michael J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Blum, Michael J.; Walters, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Burkhead, Noel M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Porter, Brady A.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Blum, MJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mjblum@tulane.edu RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2825 EP 2836 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9688-9 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622RJ UT WOS:000279682800037 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Harmsen, S Frankel, A AF Hartzell, Stephen Harmsen, Stephen Frankel, Arthur TI Effects of 3D Random Correlated Velocity Perturbations on Predicted Ground Motions SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC-WAVE SIMULATIONS; BAND TIME HISTORIES; FAULT ZONE; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; ELEMENT-METHOD; CLARA VALLEY; PART II; CALIFORNIA AB Three-dimensional, finite-difference simulations of a realistic finite-fault rupture on the southern Hayward fault are used to evaluate the effects of random, correlated velocity perturbations on predicted ground motions. Velocity perturbations are added to a three-dimensional (3D) regional seismic velocity model of the San Francisco Bay Area using a 3D von Karman random medium. Velocity correlation lengths of 5 and 10 km and standard deviations in the velocity of 5% and 10% are considered. The results show that significant deviations in predicted ground velocities are seen in the calculated frequency range (<= 1 Hz) for standard deviations in velocity of 5% to 10%. These results have implications for the practical limits on the accuracy of scenario ground-motion calculations and on retrieval of source parameters using higher-frequency, strong-motion data. C1 [Hartzell, Stephen; Harmsen, Stephen; Frankel, Arthur] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1415 EP 1426 DI 10.1785/0120090060 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 632AQ UT WOS:000280392700002 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Campbell, KW Atkinson, GM AF Boore, David M. Campbell, Kenneth W. Atkinson, Gail M. TI Determination of Stress Parameters for Eight Well-Recorded Earthquakes in Eastern North America SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOTION ATTENUATION RELATIONS; STOCHASTIC POINT-SOURCE; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; SOUTHEASTERN CANADA; SPECTRAL AMPLITUDES; UNITED-STATES; SIMULATIONS; COMPONENT AB We determined the stress parameter, Delta sigma, for the eight earthquakes studied by Atkinson and Boore (2006), using an updated dataset and a revised point-source stochastic model that captures the effect of a finite fault. We consider four geometrical-spreading functions, ranging from 1/R at all distances to two- or three-part functions. The Delta sigma values are sensitive to the rate of geometrical spreading at close distances, with 1/R(1.3) spreading implying much higher Delta sigma than models with 1/R spreading. The important difference in ground motions of most engineering concern, however, arises not from whether the geometrical spreading is 1/R(1.3) or 1/R at close distances, but from whether a region of flat or increasing geometrical spreading at intermediate distances is present, as long as Delta sigma is constrained by data that are largely at distances of 100 km-800 km. The simple 1/R model fits the sparse data for the eight events as well as do more complex models determined from larger datasets (where the larger datasets were used in our previous ground-motion prediction equations); this suggests that uncertainty in attenuation rates is an important component of epistemic uncertainty in ground-motion modeling. For the attenuation model used by Atkinson and Boore (2006), the average value of Delta sigma from the point-source model ranges from 180 bars to 250 bars, depending on whether or not the stress parameter from the 1988 Saguenay earthquake is included in the average. We also find that Delta sigma for a given earthquake is sensitive to its moment magnitude M, with a change of 0.1 magnitude units producing a factor of 1.3 change in the derived Delta sigma. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; kcampbell@eqecat.com; gmatkinson@aol.com NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1632 EP 1645 DI 10.1785/0120090328 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 632AQ UT WOS:000280392700015 ER PT J AU Clement, CR Pratt, TL Holmes, ML Sherrod, BL AF Clement, Curtis R. Pratt, Thomas L. Holmes, Mark L. Sherrod, Brian L. TI High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Imaging of Growth Folding and Shallow Faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET GLACIATION; SEATTLE FAULT; LATE PLEISTOCENE; SOUND; ZONE; THRUST; RATES; ACCUMULATION; EARTHQUAKES; CONSTRAINTS AB Marine seismic reflection data from southern Puget Sound, Washington, were collected to investigate the nature of shallow structures associated with the Tacoma fault zone and the Olympia structure. Growth folding and probable Holocene surface deformation were imaged within the Tacoma fault zone beneath Case and Carr Inlets. Shallow faults near potential field anomalies associated with the Olympia structure were imaged beneath Budd and Eld Inlets. Beneath Case Inlet, the Tacoma fault zone includes an similar to 350-m wide section of south-dipping strata forming the upper part of a fold (kink band) coincident with the southern edge of an uplifted shoreline terrace. An similar to 2 m change in the depth of the water bottom, onlapping postglacial sediments, and increasing stratal dips with increasing depth are consistent with late Pleistocene to Holocene postglacial growth folding above a blind fault. Geologic data across a topographic lineament on nearby land indicate recent uplift of late Holocene age. Profiles acquired in Carr Inlet 10 km to the east of Case Inlet showed late Pleistocene or Holocene faulting at one location with similar to 3 to 4 m of vertical displacement, south side up. North of this fault the data show several other disruptions and reflector terminations that could mark faults within the broad Tacoma fault zone. Seismic reflection profiles across part of the Olympia structure beneath southern Puget Sound show two apparent faults about 160 m apart having 1 to 2 m of displacement of subhorizontal bedding. Directly beneath one of these faults, a dipping reflector that may mark the base of a glacial channel shows the opposite sense of throw, suggesting strike-slip motion. Deeper seismic reflection profiles show disrupted strata beneath these faults but little apparent vertical offset, consistent with strike-slip faulting. These faults and folds indicate that the Tacoma fault and Olympia structure include active structures with probable postglacial motion. C1 [Clement, Curtis R.; Pratt, Thomas L.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sherrod, Brian L.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Clement, CR (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU School of Oceanography, University of Washington FX John Crouch was instrumental in acquiring and helping to analyze the Tacoma fault portions of the data. Funding for this project was provided by the School of Oceanography, University of Washington, as part of senior research projects by John Crouch and Curtis Clement. Dave Thoreson operated the R/V WeeLander under challenging weather and sea conditions, and Floyd McCroskey kept equipment maintained and ready for use. Dick Sylwester of Northwest Geophysical Services provided some of the seismic system components. LiDAR data were provided courtesy of the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium. Magnetic data were provided by R. Blakely of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Derek Booth, Ralph Haugerud, Robert Karlin, Harvey Kelsey, Mark Hemphill-Haley, and an anonymous reviewer for their suggestions for improving the article. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1710 EP 1723 DI 10.1785/0120080306 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 632AQ UT WOS:000280392700020 ER PT J AU Boore, DM AF Boore, David M. TI Orientation-Independent, Nongeometric-Mean Measures of Seismic Intensity from Two Horizontal Components of Motion SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION AB New measures of spectral intensity based on the horizontal components of ground shaking are introduced. These new measures are independent of the in situ orientation of the recordings and encompass the full range of spectral amplitudes over all possible rotation angles. Unlike previously introduced measures that are also orientation independent, no geometric means are used in the computation of the new measures. The new measures based on fiftieth percentile values of the response spectra show small but systematic increases (to a factor of about 1.07 at a 10 sec period) compared to the comparable geometric-mean measure. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1830 EP 1835 DI 10.1785/0120090400 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 632AQ UT WOS:000280392700033 ER EF