FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU LeVeque, RJ George, DL Berger, MJ AF LeVeque, Randall J. George, David L. Berger, Marsha J. BE Iserles, A TI Tsunami modelling with adaptively refined finite volume methods SO ACTA NUMERICA 2011, VOL 20 SE Acta Numerica LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; WAVE-PROPAGATION METHOD; INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; WELL-BALANCED SCHEME; GODUNOV-TYPE METHODS; NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; MESH REFINEMENT; SOURCE TERMS; REPRODUCIBLE RESEARCH AB Numerical modelling of transoceanic tsunami propagation, together with the detailed modelling of inundation of small-scale coastal regions, poses a number of algorithmic challenges. The depth-averaged shallow water equations can be used to reduce this to a time-dependent problem in two space dimensions, but even so it is crucial to use adaptive mesh refinement in order to efficiently handle the vast differences in spatial scales. This must be done in a 'well-balanced' manner that accurately captures very small perturbations to the steady state of the ocean at rest. Inundation can be modelled by allowing cells to dynamically change from dry to wet, but this must also be done carefully near refinement boundaries. We discuss these issues in the context of Riemann-solver-based finite volume methods for tsunami modelling. Several examples are presented using the GeoClaw software, and sample codes are available to accompany the paper. The techniques discussed also apply to a variety of other geophysical flows. C1 [LeVeque, Randall J.] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [George, David L.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Berger, Marsha J.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP LeVeque, RJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rjl@uw.edu; dgeorge@usgs.gov; berger@cims.nyu.edu OI LeVeque, Randall/0000-0003-1384-4504 NR 95 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0962-4929 BN 978-1-107-01086-4 J9 ACTA NUMER PY 2011 VL 20 BP 211 EP 289 DI 10.1017/S0962492911000043 PG 79 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BWM57 UT WOS:000294235900003 ER PT B AU Thenkabail, PS Hanjra, MA Dheeravath, V Gumma, M AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Hanjra, Munir A. Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu Gumma, Muralikrishna BE Weng, Q TI Global Croplands and Their Water Use from Remote Sensing and Nonremote Sensing Perspectives SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAND-COVER; IRRIGATED AREAS; TIME-SERIES; MULTITEMPORAL MODIS; MANAGEMENT; CHINA; INDIA; MAPS; AGRICULTURE; RESOURCES C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hanjra, Munir A.] Charles Stuart Univ, Int Ctr Water Food Secur, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. [Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu] United Nations Joint Logist Ctr, World Food Program, Juba, South Sudan, Sudan. [Gumma, Muralikrishna] Int Rice Res Ctr, Manila, Philippines. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2011 BP 383 EP 419 D2 10.1201/b10599 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC2WS UT WOS:000351396200017 ER PT B AU Xian, G Homer, C Yang, LM AF Xian, George Homer, Collin Yang, Limin BE Weng, Q TI Development of the USGS National Land-Cover Database over Two Decades SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC ACCURACY; COMPLETION; CLIMATE; IMAGERY C1 [Xian, George] ARTS USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Homer, Collin; Yang, Limin] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), ARTS USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2011 BP 525 EP 543 D2 10.1201/b10599 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC2WS UT WOS:000351396200022 ER PT S AU Dohm, JM Miyamoto, H Ori, GG Fairen, AG Davila, AF Komatsu, G Mahaney, WC Williams, JP Joye, SB Di Achille, G Oehler, DZ Marzo, GA Schulze-Makuch, D Acocella, V Glamoclija, M Pondrelli, M Boston, P Hart, KM Anderson, RC Baker, VR Fink, W Kelleher, BP Furfaro, R Gross, C Hare, TM Frazer, AR Ip, F Allen, CCR Kim, KJ Maruyama, S McGuire, PC Netoff, D Parnell, J Wendt, L Wheelock, SJ Steele, A Hancock, RGV Havics, RA Costa, P Krinsley, D AF Dohm, J. M. Miyamoto, H. Ori, G. G. Fairen, A. G. Davila, A. F. Komatsu, G. Mahaney, W. C. Williams, J. -P. Joye, S. B. Di Achille, G. Oehler, D. Z. Marzo, G. A. Schulze-Makuch, D. Acocella, V. Glamoclija, M. Pondrelli, M. Boston, P. Hart, K. M. Anderson, R. C. Baker, V. R. Fink, W. Kelleher, B. P. Furfaro, R. Gross, C. Hare, T. M. Frazer, A. R. Ip, F. Allen, C. C. R. Kim, K. J. Maruyama, S. McGuire, P. C. Netoff, D. Parnell, J. Wendt, L. Wheelock, S. J. Steele, A. Hancock, R. G. V. Havics, R. A. Costa, P. Krinsley, D. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI An inventory of potentially habitable environments on Mars: Geological and biological perspectives SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HAUGHTON IMPACT STRUCTURE; FRASASSI CAVE SYSTEM; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; SEA-FLOOR BRINES; SP-NOV.; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SLOPE STREAKS AB On Earth, biology, hydrology, and geology are interlinked such that certain types of life are often associated with specific conditions, including rock type, pressure, temperature, and chemistry. Life on Earth has established itself in diverse and extreme niches, presenting the possibility that Mars, too, may hold records of fossilized and/or extant life in diverse environments. Geologic, paleohydrologic, and climatic conditions through the evolution of Mars are similar in many respects to conditions occurring during the evolution of Earth and, as such, may point to environments on Mars with potential to have supported living systems. Here, we discuss examples of those Martian settings. Such extraterrestrial environments should be targeted by international robotic and/or manned missions to explore potential fossilized or extant life on Mars. C1 [Dohm, J. M.; Baker, V. R.; Wheelock, S. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, J. M.; Miyamoto, H.] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo, Japan. [Ori, G. G.; Komatsu, G.; Pondrelli, M.] Univ G dAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Pescara, Italy. [Fairen, A. G.; Davila, A. F.; Marzo, G. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fairen, A. G.; Davila, A. F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Komatsu, G.] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba, Japan. [Mahaney, W. C.] Quaternary Surveys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Williams, J. -P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Williams, J. -P.] Ashima Res, Pasadena, CA USA. [Joye, S. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Di Achille, G.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oehler, D. Z.] NASA, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Marzo, G. A.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Acocella, V.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci Geol, Rome, Italy. [Glamoclija, M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Boston, P.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM USA. [Hart, K. M.; Kelleher, B. P.] Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Anderson, R. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fink, W.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Biomed Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Furfaro, R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gross, C.; Wendt, L.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, Berlin, Germany. [Hare, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Frazer, A. R.; Allen, C. C. R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Med Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, Ireland. [Ip, F.] Pima Cty Flood Control Dist, Tucson, AZ USA. [Kim, K. J.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geol & Environm Hazards Div, Taejon, South Korea. [Maruyama, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [McGuire, P. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netoff, D.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. [Parnell, J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Hancock, R. G. V.] McMaster Univ, Dept Med Phys & Appl Radiat Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Hancock, R. G. V.] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Havics, R. A.] pH2 LLC, Avon, IN 46123 USA. [Havics, R. A.] McCrone Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Costa, P.] Univ Lisbon, Dept Geol, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Krinsley, D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Kelleher, Brian/D-6224-2012; Costa, Pedro/I-1216-2012; OI Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Costa, Pedro/0000-0001-6573-0539; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476 NR 358 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 317 EP 347 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(21) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100022 ER PT S AU Chan, MA Nicoll, K Ormo, J Okubo, C Komatsu, G AF Chan, Marjorie A. Nicoll, Kathleen Ormoe, Jens Okubo, Chris Komatsu, Goro BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Utah's geologic and geomorphic analogs to Mars-An overview for planetary exploration SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JURASSIC NAVAJO SANDSTONE; LARGE ALLUVIAL FANS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; COLORADO PLATEAU; UPHEAVAL DOME; TERRESTRIAL ANALOGS; OUTFLOW CHANNELS; FLUID-FLOW; HEMATITE CONCRETIONS; INTERDUNE DEPOSITS AB Utah offers spectacular geologic features and valuable analog environments and processes for Mars studies. Horizontal strata of the Colorado Plateau are analogous to Mars because the overprint of plate tectonics is minimal, yet the effects of strong ground motion from earthquakes or impacts are preserved in the sedimentary record. The close proximity of analog environments and lack of vegetative cover are advantages for field and remote-sensing studies. Dry, desert climate and modern wind processes of Utah are comparable to Mars and its current surface. Analogs in Utah include eolian, sabkha and saline bodies, glacial, lacustrine, spring, alluvial, fluvial, delta, and outflow channel depositional environments, as well as volcanic landforms and impact craters. Analogous secondary processes producing modification features include: diagenetic concretions, weathering and soils, sinkholes, sapping, knobs and pinnacles, crusts and varnish, and patterned grounds. Utah's physical and chemical environments are analogous to conditions on Mars where water existed and could support microorganisms. The development of Mars includes: ancient and modern depositional records, burial and diagenesis, uplift and tectonic alteration, and modern sculpting or weathering of the surface exposures. Recent satellite images are providing unprecedented details that rival the outcrop scale. Analogs in Utah are prime field localities that can be utilized in planning future robotic and human missions to Mars, and for teaching the next generation of planetary explorers. C1 [Chan, Marjorie A.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Nicoll, Kathleen] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ormoe, Jens] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Torrejon De Ardoz 28850, Spain. [Okubo, Chris] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Komatsu, Goro] Univ G dAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. RP Chan, MA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 South 1460 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM marjorie.chan@utah.edu NR 169 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 349 EP 375 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(22) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100023 ER PT S AU Daedlow, K Beard, TD Arlinghaus, R AF Daedlow, Katrin Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Arlinghaus, Robert BE Beard, TD Arlinghaus, R Sutton, SG TI A Property Rights-Based View on Management of Inland Recreational Fisheries: Contrasting Common and Public Fishing Rights Regimes in Germany and the United States SO ANGLER IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL, AND ETHICAL DEMENSIONS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Recreational Fishing Conference (WRFC) CY NOV 10-12, 2008 CL Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum, Dania Beach, FL SP Int Game Fish Assoc HO Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum ID ENGLAND GROUNDFISH STOCKS; ILLEGAL ANGLING HARVEST; FRESH-WATER FISHERIES; NATURAL-RESOURCES; ACTIVE MANAGEMENT; NORTHERN PIKE; LENGTH LIMITS; BROAD-SCALE; CONSERVATION; REGULATIONS AB In this paper, we describe and contrast the features of common and public fishing rights regimes in inland recreational fisheries management, using Germany as an example of a common property rights regime and the United States as an example of a public property rights regime. The German case is further distinguished into a common property rights regime at the regional level in "East Germany" (conducted by angler associations) and at the local level in "West Germany" (conducted by angling clubs). Comparisons are done using established concepts from property rights theory and common-pool resource literature followed by a discussion of strength and weaknesses of sustainable resource management for the different property-rights regimes examined. The strengths of common property rights regimes, particularly if on a small scale such as in West Germany, include good possibilities for controlling angling effort, fostering traditional ecological knowledge, and developing emotional attachments to local fisheries. Moreover, the high level of anglers' involvement in local decision making facilitates intensive communication among anglers and between anglers and managers, which may result in timely conflict resolution, commitment to rules, and peer pressure towards rule compliance. Strengths of public property rights regimes for inland recreational fisheries, as in the United States, include a high professional standard for conducting monitoring and stock assessment activities along with the ability to develop a landscape perspective for recreational fisheries management. This facilitates scale matching to solve problems based on science-based planning of regulations and management intervention, which may better avoid the pitfalls of "one-size-fits-all" policies. Irrespective of the governance system in place, a risk of pronounced rivalry among users for access to common-pool resources, such as fish stocks within defined boundaries of either state, angler association, or angling club waters, remains. This highlights the need for continued enforcement of rules and regulations along with continued communication with stakeholders. This is particularly challenging in large-scale management systems, as in East Germany and the United States. Our paper forms a basis for further research on recreational fisheries governance to identify suitable property-rights regimes for specific cultural, social, and ecological settings. C1 [Daedlow, Katrin; Arlinghaus, Robert] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Daedlow, Katrin] Humboldt Univ, Div Resource Econ, Fac Agr & Hort, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Daedlow, K (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. EM katrin.daedlow@agrar.hu-berlin FU German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) within the Program for Social-Ecological Research [01UU0907]; German Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Community FX Funding for this study was provided through the project Adaptfish, granted to RA by the German Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Community (www.adaptfish.igb-berlin.de). Further funding was received through the Besatzfisch grant to RA by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) within the Program for Social-Ecological Research (grant no. 01UU0907, www.besatz-fisch.de). We acknowledge three anonymous reviewers' and Andrew Loftus's detailed and constructive input on previous versions of this paper. NR 125 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-24-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 75 BP 13 EP 38 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QU UT WOS:000393632400002 ER PT J AU Love, JJ AF Love, J. J. TI Long-term biases in geomagnetic K and aa indices SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; General or miscellaneous; Instruments and techniques ID GROUP SUNSPOT NUMBERS; SOLAR-CYCLE; RECONSTRUCTION; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; SYSTEMS; INDICES; SURFACE; STORMS; EARTH AB Analysis is made of the geomagnetic-activity aa index and its source K-index data from groups of ground-based observatories in Britain, and Australia, 1868.0-2009.0, solar cycles 11-23. The K data show persistent biases, especially for high (low) K-activity levels at British (Australian) observatories. From examination of multiple subsets of the K data we infer that the biases are not predominantly the result of changes in observatory location, localized induced magnetotelluric currents, changes in magnetometer technology, or the modernization of K-value estimation methods. Instead, the biases appear to be artifacts of the latitude-dependent scaling used to assign K values to particular local levels of geomagnetic activity. The biases are not effectively removed by weighting factors used to estimate aa. We show that long-term averages of the aa index, such as annual averages, are dominated by medium-level geomagnetic activity levels having K values of 3 and 4. C1 US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1365 EP 1375 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1365-2011 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 814LQ UT WOS:000294455800005 ER PT J AU Bossu, R Earle, PS AF Bossu, Remy Earle, Paul S. TI ON THE USE OF THE INTERNET TO COLLECT EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bossu, Remy] European Mediterranean Seismol Ctr EMSC, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Earle, Paul S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bossu, R (reprint author), European Mediterranean Seismol Ctr EMSC, Ljubljana, Slovenia. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA PI ROME PA VIA VIGNA MURATA 605, ROME, 00143, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 672 EP 672 DI 10.4401/ag-5549 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879DU UT WOS:000299310700001 ER PT J AU Wald, DJ Quitoriano, V Worden, B Hopper, M Dewey, JW AF Wald, David J. Quitoriano, Vincent Worden, Bruce Hopper, Margaret Dewey, James W. TI USGS "Did You Feel It?" Internet-based macroseismic intensity maps SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) system is an automated approach for rapidly collecting macroseismic intensity data from Internet users' shaking and damage reports and generating intensity maps immediately following earthquakes; it has been operating for over a decade (1999-2011). DYFI-based intensity maps made rapidly available through the DYFI system fundamentally depart from more traditional maps made available in the past. The maps are made more quickly, provide more complete coverage and higher resolution, provide for citizen input and interaction, and allow data collection at rates and quantities never before considered. These aspects of Internet data collection, in turn, allow for data analyses, graphics, and ways to communicate with the public, opportunities not possible with traditional data-collection approaches. Yet web-based contributions also pose considerable challenges, as discussed herein. After a decade of operational experience with the DYFI system and users, we document refinements to the processing and algorithmic procedures since DYFI was first conceived. We also describe a number of automatic post-processing tools, operations, applications, and research directions, all of which utilize the extensive DYFI intensity datasets now gathered in near-real time. DYFI can be found online at the website http://earthquake.usgs.gov/dyfi/. C1 [Wald, David J.; Quitoriano, Vincent; Hopper, Margaret; Dewey, James W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Worden, Bruce] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Wald, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wald@usgs.gov FU Earthquake Program Web Team FX We are thankful for helpful reviews from Daniel Amorese and Roger Musson. Greg Smoczyk produced the US and global maps of intensity and hazards; other maps were made using GMT [Wessel and Smith 1995]. DYFI fundamentally relies on the capabilities put into place on and beneath the hood of the USGS Earthquake Program Webpages; for this we thank the Earthquake Program Web Team. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA PI ROME PA VIA VIGNA MURATA 605, ROME, 00143, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 688 EP 707 DI 10.4401/ag-5354 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879DU UT WOS:000299310700004 ER PT J AU Earle, PS Bowden, DC Guy, M AF Earle, Paul S. Bowden, Daniel C. Guy, Michelle TI Twitter earthquake detection: earthquake monitoring in a social world SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is investigating how the social networking site Twitter, a popular service for sending and receiving short, public text messages, can augment USGS earthquake response products and the delivery of hazard information. Rapid detection and qualitative assessment of shaking events are possible because people begin sending public Twitter messages (tweets) with in tens of seconds after feeling shaking. Here we present and evaluate an earthquake detection procedure that relies solely on Twitter data. A tweet-frequency time series constructed from tweets containing the word "earthquake" clearly shows large peaks correlated with the origin times of widely felt events. To identify possible earthquakes, we use a short-term-average, long-term-average algorithm. When tuned to a moderate sensitivity, the detector finds 48 globally-distributed earthquakes with only two false triggers in five months of data. The number of detections is small compared to the 5,175 earthquakes in the USGS global earthquake catalog for the same five-month time period, and no accurate location or magnitude can be assigned based on tweet data alone. However, Twitter earthquake detections are not without merit. The detections are generally caused by widely felt events that are of more immediate interest than those with no human impact. The detections are also fast; about 75% occur within two minutes of the origin time. This is considerably faster than seismographic detections in poorly instrumented regions of the world. The tweets triggering the detections also provided very short first-impression narratives from people who experienced the shaking. C1 [Earle, Paul S.; Bowden, Daniel C.; Guy, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Earle, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pearle@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 35 PU ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA PI ROME PA VIA VIGNA MURATA 605, ROME, 00143, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 708 EP 715 DI 10.4401/ag-5364 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879DU UT WOS:000299310700005 ER PT S AU Reed, SC Cleveland, CC Townsend, AR AF Reed, Sasha C. Cleveland, Cory C. Townsend, Alan R. BE Futuyma, DJ Shaffer, HB Simberloff, D TI Functional Ecology of Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation: A Contemporary Perspective SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS, VOL 42 SE Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE asymbiotic; biogeochemistry; nonsymbiotic; nutrients; nifH gene ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SOIL-AGE GRADIENT; NIFH GENE POOLS; DINITROGEN FIXATION; LONG-TERM; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; AZOTOBACTER-CHROOCOCCUM; LITTER DECOMPOSITION AB Nitrogen (N) availability is thought to frequently limit terrestrial ecosystem processes, and explicit consideration of N biogeochemistry, including biological N-2, fixation, is central to understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change. Yet, the importance of free-living N-2 fixation-a process that occurs on a wide variety of substrates, is nearly ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems, and may often represent the dominant pathway for acquiring newly available N-is often underappreciated. Here, we draw from studies that investigate free-living N-2 fixation from functional, physiological, genetic, and ecological perspectives. We show that recent research and analytical advances have generated a wealth of new information that provides novel insight into the ecology of N-2 fixation as well as raises new questions and priorities for future work. These priorities include a need to better integrate free-living N-2 fixation into conceptual and analytical evaluations of the N cycle's role in a variety of global change scenarios. C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM screed@usgs.gov NR 139 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 17 U2 169 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-592X BN 978-0-8243-1442-2 J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2011 VL 42 BP 489 EP 512 DI 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145034 PG 24 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA BYN42 UT WOS:000299438300022 ER PT J AU Hanson, KC Ostrand, KG AF Hanson, Kyle C. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Potential effects of global climate change on National Fish Hatchery operations in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review DE Climate change; Hatchery operations; Pacific salmon; Pacific Northwest; Columbia River ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; FRESH-WATER; LIFE-HISTORY; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; CHANGE IMPACTS; MARINE FISHES; YAKIMA RIVER AB Global climate change is predicted to be a major force in altering ecosystem processes and animal behavior worldwide in the coming years. Currently, many Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. stocks are imperiled due to harvest, habitat loss, and anthropogenic disturbance across much of their native range, and climate change has been predicted to have further negative effects on these species. Artificial propagation has been used by multiple resource agencies to conserve salmon populations and increase numbers in the Columbia River watershed, including the National Fish Hatchery (NFH) system in the Pacific Northwest, which annually produces more than 60 million juvenile Pacific salmonids. The species and populations that are supplemented through the NFH system, as well as operations at the NFHs themselves, will be affected by global climate change and forced to adapt. This review provides a preliminary summary of the potential effects of climate change on the NFH system in the Pacific Northwest, focusing on the topics that will be of most relevance to NFH operations. A series of proactive measures, which are in various stages of action, are outlined that should quantify climate change threats to the operations of specific NFHs and allow for flexibility in adjusting operations to continue to meet conservation and supplementation goals in the face of an uncertain future. C1 [Hanson, Kyle C.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov NR 84 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1869-215X J9 AQUACULT ENV INTERAC JI Aquac. Environ. Interact. PY 2011 VL 1 IS 3 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.3354/aei00018 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 786NC UT WOS:000292314200001 ER PT J AU Seitz, AC Loher, T Norcross, BL Nielsen, JL AF Seitz, Andrew C. Loher, Timothy Norcross, Brenda L. Nielsen, Jennifer L. TI Dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spawning component; Spawning dispersal; Pacific halibut; PSAT tag; PAT tag; Bering Sea; Aleutian Islands ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; ELECTRONIC TAGS; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; SITE FIDELITY; ARCHIVAL TAGS; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; GEOLOCATION; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS AB Currently, it is assumed that eastern Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis belong to a single, fully mixed population extending from California through the Bering Sea, in which adult halibut disperse randomly throughout their range during their lifetime. However, we hypothesize that halibut dispersal is more complex than currently assumed and is not spatially random. To test this hypo thesis, we studied the seasonal dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI). Pop-up Archival Transmitting tags attached to halibut (82 to 154 cm fork length) during the summer provided no evidence that individuals moved out of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region into the Gulf of Alaska during the mid-winter spawning season, supporting the concept that this region contains a separate spawning group of adult halibut. There was evidence for geographically localized groups of halibut along the Aleutian Island chain, as all of the individuals tagged there displayed residency, with their movements possibly impeded by tidal currents in the passes between islands. Mid-winter aggregation areas of halibut are assumed to be spawning grounds, of which 2 were previously unidentified and extend the species' presumed spawning range similar to 1000 km west and similar to 600 km north of the nearest documented spawning area. If there are indeed independent spawning groups of Pacific halibut in the BSAI, their dynamics may vary sufficiently from those of the Gulf of Alaska, so that specifically accounting for their relative segregation and unique dynamics within the larger population model will be necessary for correctly predicting how these components may respond to fishing pressure and changing environmental conditions. C1 [Seitz, Andrew C.; Norcross, Brenda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Loher, Timothy] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Nielsen, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Seitz, AC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM aseitz@ims.uaf.edu FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; International Pacific Halibut Commission; U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center; University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences; Central Bering Sea Fishermen's Association; Aleutian Pribilof Island Community Development Association; North Pacific Research Board FX This project was made possible by: Capt. S. Swetzof Jr. and the crew of the FV 'Wind Dancer', Capt. R. Zwahlen, Capt. Doug Lyle, and crew of the FV 'Heritage', and Capt. J. Martindale and crew of the FV 'Pacific Sun' during fishing operations; International Pacific Halibut Commission Port Sampler L. O'Neil, for St. Paul Island logistics; IPHC Sea Samplers Andy Vatter, for deploying tags in Bering Canyon; R. Ames, E. Ekroth, L. Mattes, A. Williams, A. Delisle, M. Monk, and D. Rafla, for tagging assistance; and P. Lestenkof of Central Bering Sea Fishermen's Association, for housing on St. Paul Island. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the International Pacific Halibut Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center, the University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Central Bering Sea Fishermen's Association, the Aleutian Pribilof Island Community Development Association, and the North Pacific Research Board. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.3354/ab00333 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 778IA UT WOS:000291696100004 ER PT J AU Melillo-Sweeting, K Reid, JP Gittens, L Adimey, N Dillet, JZ AF Melillo-Sweeting, Kelly Reid, James P. Gittens, Lester Adimey, Nicole Dillet, Jared Z. TI Observations and Relocation of a West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus) off Bimini, The Bahamas SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article C1 [Melillo-Sweeting, Kelly] Dolphin Commun Project, Old Mystic, CT 06372 USA. [Reid, James P.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Gittens, Lester; Dillet, Jared Z.] Dept Marine Resources, Nassau, Bahamas. [Adimey, Nicole] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. RP Melillo-Sweeting, K (reprint author), Dolphin Commun Project, POB 711, Old Mystic, CT 06372 USA. EM kelly@dcpmail.org OI Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 BP 502 EP 505 DI 10.1578/AM.37.4.2011.502 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 882DM UT WOS:000299541700007 ER PT S AU McMahon, PB Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM AF McMahon, Peter B. Chapelle, Francis H. Bradley, Paul M. BE Tratnyek, PG Grundl, TJ Haderlein, SB TI Evolution of Redox Processes in Groundwater SO AQUATIC REDOX CHEMISTRY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 21-25, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Sustainable Theme Comm, Amer Sugar Cane League, V Lab Inc, Amer Chem Soc ID HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; GLACIAL OUTWASH AQUIFER; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; ORGANIC-CARBON; FLOW PATHS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL REACTIONS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RIPARIAN ZONE AB Reduction/oxidation (redox) processes affect the chemical quality of groundwater in all aquifer systems. The evolution of redox processes in groundwater is dependent on many factors such as the source and distribution of electron donors and acceptors in the aquifer, relative rates of redox reaction and groundwater flow, aquifer confinement, position in the flow system, and groundwater mixing. Redox gradients are largely vertical in the recharge areas of unconfined aquifers dominated by natural sources of electron donors, whereas substantial longitudinal redox gradients can develop in unconfined aquifers when anthropogenic sources of electron donors are dominant. Longitudinal redox gradients predominate in confined aquifers. Electron-donor limitations can result in the preservation of oxic groundwater over flow distances of many kilometers and groundwater residence, times of several thousand years in some aquifers. Where electron donors are abundant, redox conditions can evolve from oxygen reducing to methanogenic over substantially shorter flow distances and residence times. C1 [McMahon, Peter B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2652-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1071 BP 581 EP 597 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BBA15 UT WOS:000306257800026 ER PT J AU Corbett, DG AF Corbett, Debra G. TI Two Chiefs' Houses from the Western Aleutian Islands SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The earliest Russian explorers of the Aleutians described Near Island chiefs' houses that were larger than those of ordinary people. The Russians noted that these houses were also functionally different than ordinary dwellings. Chiefs entertained guests, sheltered widows and orphans, and hosted religious ceremonies in their houses. Between 1997 and 2003, Western Aleutians Archaeological and Paleobiological Project (WAAPP) archaeologists excavated two unusual structures on the Near Islands of Buldir and Attu that may have been the houses of chiefs. The structures were larger than ordinary houses, with substantial whalebone structural components. Perhaps of more significance are the substantial caches of artifacts, parts of animals, and burials associated with the structures. The items used in the construction appear to have had spiritual significance, suggesting that people with great power and authority occupied the structures. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Corbett, DG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 905TU UT WOS:000301298700002 ER PT S AU Klett, TR Pitman, JK AF Klett, T. R. Pitman, J. K. BE Spencer, AM Embry, AF Gautier, DL Stoupakova, AV Sorensen, K TI Geology and petroleum potential of the East Barents Sea Basins and Admiralty Arch SO ARCTIC PETROLEUM GEOLOGY SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Geological Congress (IGC) CY AUG 06-14, 2008 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Int Marine Minerals Soc, petr ind ID ARCTIC SHELF; MODEL; EVOLUTION; REGION; TECTONICS; BALTICA; FACIES; PART AB The US Geological Survey (USGS) recently assessed the potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources of the East Barents Basins and Novaya Zemlya Basins and Admiralty Arch Provinces as part of the USGS Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal. These two provinces are located NE of Scandinavia and the northwestern Russian Federation, on the Barents Sea Shelf between Novaya Zemlya to the east and the Barents Platform to the west. Three assessment units (AUs) were defined in the East Barents Basins for this study - Kolguyev Terrace Assessment Unit (AU), South Barents Basin and Ludlov Saddle AU, and North Barents Basin AU. A fourth, defined as Novaya Zemlya Basins and Admiralty Arch AU, is coincident with the Novaya Zemlya basins and Admiralty Arch Province. These AUs, all lying north of the Arctic Circle, were assessed for undiscovered, technically recoverable resources resulting in total estimated mean volumes of approximately 7.4 billion barrels of crude oil, 318 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 1.4 billion barrels of natural gas liquids. C1 [Klett, T. R.; Pitman, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Klett, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tklett@usgs.gov NR 98 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-328-8 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2011 VL 35 DI 10.1144/M35.19 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA BYY32 UT WOS:000300715800019 ER PT S AU Moore, TE Pitman, JK AF Moore, Thomas E. Pitman, Janet K. BE Spencer, AM Embry, AF Gautier, DL Stoupakova, AV Sorensen, K TI Geology and petroleum potential of the Eurasia Basin SO ARCTIC PETROLEUM GEOLOGY SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Geological Congress (IGC) CY AUG 06-14, 2008 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Int Marine Minerals Soc, petr ind ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; LOMONOSOV RIDGE; HEAT-FLOW; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; NORTHERN RUSSIA; GAKKEL RIDGE; LAPTEV SEA; TAIMYR; MARGIN AB The Eurasia Basin petroleum province comprises the younger, eastern half of the Arctic Ocean, including the Cenozoic Eurasia Basin and the outboard part of the continental margin of northern Europe. For the USGS petroleum assessment (CARA), it was divided into four assessment units (AUs): the Lena Prodelta AU, consisting of the deep-marine part of the Lena Delta; the Nansen Basin Margin AU, comprising the passive margin sequence of the Eurasian plate; and the Amundsen Basin and Nansen Basin AUs which encompass the abyssal plains north and south of the Gakkel Ridge spreading centre, respectively. The primary petroleum system thought to be present is sourced in c. 50-44 Ma (Early to Middle Eocene) condensed pelagic deposits that could be widespread in the province. Mean estimates of undiscovered, technically recoverable petroleum resources include,1 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and about 1.4 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of nonassociated gas in Lena Prodelta AU, and <0.4 BBO and 3.4 TCF nonassociated gas in the Nansen Basin Margin AU. The Nansen Basin and Amundsen Basin AUs were not quantitatively assessed because they have less than 10% probability of containing at least one accumulation of 50 MMBOE (million barrels of oil equivalent). C1 [Moore, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tmoore@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-328-8 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2011 VL 35 DI 10.1144/M35.48 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BYY32 UT WOS:000300715800048 ER PT S AU Saltus, RW Miller, EL Gaina, C Brown, PJ AF Saltus, R. W. Miller, E. L. Gaina, C. Brown, P. J. BE Spencer, AM Embry, AF Gautier, DL Stoupakova, AV Sorensen, K TI Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: a framework for geodynamic interpretation SO ARCTIC PETROLEUM GEOLOGY SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Geological Congress (IGC) CY AUG 06-14, 2008 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Int Marine Minerals Soc, petr ind ID BAFFIN-BAY; MANTLE; PLUME; BASIN; ANOMALIES; LAURENTIA; CANADA; CRATON; RIDGE AB We identify and discuss 57 magnetic anomaly pattern domains spanning the Circum-Arctic. The domains are based on analysis of a new Circum-Arctic data compilation. The magnetic anomaly patterns can be broadly related to general geodynamic classification of the crust into stable, deformed (magnetic and nonmagnetic), deep magnetic high, oceanic and large igneous province domains. We compare the magnetic domains with topography/bathymetry, regional geology, regional free air gravity anomalies and estimates of the relative magnetic 'thickness' of the crust. Most of the domains and their geodynamic classification assignments are consistent with their topographic/bathymetric and geological expression. A few of the domains are potentially controversial. For example, the extent of the Iceland Faroe large igneous province as identified by magnetic anomalies may disagree with other definitions for this feature. Also the lack of definitive magnetic expression of oceanic crust in Baffin Bay, the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the Amerasian Basin is at odds with some previous interpretations. The magnetic domains and their boundaries provide clues for tectonic models and boundaries within this poorly understood portion of the globe. C1 [Saltus, R. W.; Brown, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Saltus, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM saltus@usgs.gov RI Gaina, Carmen/I-5213-2015 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-328-8 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2011 VL 35 DI 10.1144/M35.4 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA BYY32 UT WOS:000300715800004 ER PT J AU Haase, KB Jordan, C Mentis, E Cottrell, L Mayne, HR Talbot, R Sive, BC AF Haase, K. B. Jordan, C. Mentis, E. Cottrell, L. Mayne, H. R. Talbot, R. Sive, B. C. TI Changes in monoterpene mixing ratios during summer storms in rural New Hampshire (USA) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; PTR-MS; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; AEROSOL FORMATION; PINE PLANTATION; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AIR; NEW-ENGLAND AB Monoterpenes are an important class of biogenic hydrocarbons that influence ambient air quality and are a principle source of secondary organic aerosol ( SOA). Emitted from vegetation, monoterpenes are a product of photosynthesis and act as a response to a variety of environmental factors. Most parameterizations of monoterpene emissions are based on clear weather models that do not take into account episodic conditions that can drastically change production and release rates into the atmosphere. Here, the monoterpene dataset from the rural Thompson Farm measurement site in Durham, New Hampshire is examined in the context of a set of known severe storm events. While some storm systems had a negligible influence on ambient monoterpene mixing ratios, the average storm event increased mixing ratios by 0.59 +/- 0.21 ppbv, a factor of 93% above pre-storm levels. In some events, mixing ratios reached the 10's of ppbv range and persisted overnight. These mixing ratios correspond to increases in the monoterpene emission rate, ranging from 120 to 1240 g km(-2) h(-1) compared to an estimated clear weather rate of 116 to 193 g km(-2) h(-1). Considering the regularity of storm events over most forested areas, this could be an important factor to consider when modeling global monoterpene emissions and their resulting influence on the formation of organic aerosols. C1 [Mayne, H. R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Haase, K. B.; Jordan, C.; Mentis, E.; Cottrell, L.; Talbot, R.; Sive, B. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Haase, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM khaase@usgs.gov FU Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4600154, NA05OAR4601080] FX Financial Support for this work was provided through the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under grants NA04OAR4600154 and NA05OAR4601080. We thank E. Fitz, T. Hagan, K. Garrison, K. Carpenter, Y. Zhou, R. Russo, J. Ambrose, M. White, H. Mao and others who have contributed to the measurements and management of the extensive AIRMAP database. The US Geological Survey also provided time and resources for the completion of the final manuscript. We would like to thank our reviewers for their thoughtful input. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11465 EP 11476 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11465-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200010 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Gotelli, NJ Ellison, AM AF Dorazio, Robert M. Gotelli, Nicholas J. Ellison, Aaron M. BE Grillo, O Venora, G TI Modern Methods of Estimating Biodiversity from Presence-Absence Surveys SO BIODIVERSITY LOSS IN A CHANGING PLANET LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES COOCCURRENCE PATTERNS; SITE OCCUPANCY MODELS; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; OBSERVATION ERROR; COMMUNITIES; RICHNESS; DETECTABILITY; ACCUMULATION C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gotelli, Nicholas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT USA. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-707-9 PY 2011 BP 277 EP 302 D2 10.5772/1832 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA BE4XB UT WOS:000372185600014 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Blum, LK AF Kirwan, M. L. Blum, L. K. TI Enhanced decomposition offsets enhanced productivity and soil carbon accumulation in coastal wetlands responding to climate change SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; BACTERIA; RESPIRATION; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; SEAGRASS; BIOMASS AB Coastal wetlands are responsible for about half of all carbon burial in oceans, and their persistence as a valuable ecosystem depends largely on the ability to accumulate organic material at rates equivalent to relative sea level rise. Recent work suggests that elevated CO2 and temperature warming will increase organic matter productivity and the ability of marshes to survive sea level rise. However, we find in a series of preliminary experiments that organic decomposition rates increase by about 20% per degree of warming. Our measured temperature sensitivity is similar to studies from terrestrial systems, three times as high as the response of salt marsh productivity to temperature warming, and greater than the productivity response associated with elevated CO2 in C-3 marsh plants. Although the experiments were simple and of short duration, they suggest that enhanced CO2 and warmer temperatures could actually make marshes less resilient to sea level rise, and tend to promote a release of soil carbon. Simple projections indicate that elevated temperatures will increase rates of sea level rise more than any acceleration in organic matter accumulation, suggesting the possibility of a positive feedback between climate, sea level rise, and carbon emissions in coastal environments. C1 [Kirwan, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kirwan, M. L.; Blum, L. K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mkirwan@usgs.gov RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0080381, DEB-0087256]; USGS FX We gratefully acknowledge technical assistance of Gina Casciano in the field and laboratory. Glenn Guntenspergen and Cat Wolner reviewed drafts of the manuscript. Access to the study site was provided by The Nature Conservancy. Logistical support and access to precipitation data were provided by the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research Site funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0080381). Support for the microbial and litter decomposition portion of this work was provided under a NSF Long Term Ecological Research Intersite Comparison Grant (DEB-0087256). Additional support came from the USGS Global Change Research Program. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 10 U2 65 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 4 BP 987 EP 993 DI 10.5194/bg-8-987-2011 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 756MV UT WOS:000290017000013 ER PT J AU Ballantyne, AP Brahney, J Fernandez, D Lawrence, CL Saros, J Neff, JC AF Ballantyne, A. P. Brahney, J. Fernandez, D. Lawrence, C. L. Saros, J. Neff, J. C. TI Biogeochemical response of alpine lakes to a recent increase in dust deposition in the Southwestern, US SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH-MOUNTAIN LAKES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; AIRBORNE DUST; AEOLIAN DUST AB The deposition of dust has recently increased significantly over some regions of the western US. Here we explore how changes in dust deposition have affected the biogeochemistry of two alpine watersheds in Colorado, US. We first reconstruct recent changes in the mass accumulation rate of sediments and then we use isotopic measurements in conjunction with a Bayesian mixing model to infer that approximately 95% of the inorganic fraction of lake sediments is derived from dust. Elemental analyses of modern dust indicate that dust is enriched in Ca, Cr, Cu, Mg, Ni, and in one watershed, Fe and P relative to bedrock. The increase in dust deposition combined with its enrichment in certain elements has altered the biogeochemisty of these systems. Both lakes showed an increase in primary productivity as evidenced by a decrease in carbon isotopic discrimination; however, the cause of increased primary productivity varies due to differences in watershed characteristic. The lake in the larger watershed experienced greater atmospheric N loading and less P loading from the bedrock leading to a greater N: P flux ratio. In contrast, the lake in the smaller watershed experienced less atmospheric N loading and greater P loading from the bedrock, leading to a reduced N: P flux ratio. As a result, primary productivity was more constrained by N availability in the smaller watershed. N-limited primary productivity in the smaller watershed was partly ameliorated by an increase in nitrogen fixation as indicated by reduced nitrogen isotopic values in more contemporary sediments. This study illustrates that alpine watersheds are excellent integrators of changes in atmospheric deposition, but that the biogeochemical response of these watersheds may be mediated by their physical (i.e. watershed area) and chemical (i. e. underlying geology) properties. C1 [Ballantyne, A. P.; Brahney, J.; Fernandez, D.; Neff, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lawrence, C. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Saros, J.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA. [Saros, J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol, Orono, ME USA. RP Ballantyne, AP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ashley.ballantyne@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI Brahney, Janice/0000-0001-7614-2855; NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 FU US National Science Foundation [0948823, 1027341] FX We would like to thank Cody Flagg, Sarah Castle, and Chris Landry for assistance with fieldwork. We also appreciate the assistance of John Drexler and Paul Bonny in the Department of Geological Sciences, CU Boulder who helped with sample preparation and analysis. Logistical support was also provided by the Mountain Studies Institute of Silverton, Colorado, USA. This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation Awards #0948823 and #1027341. Additional support to A. P. B. was also provided through the National Research Council, USA. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2689 EP 2706 DI 10.5194/bg-8-2689-2011 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 826SU UT WOS:000295375700020 ER PT J AU Mazzotti, FJ Cherkiss, MS Hart, KM Snow, RW Rochford, MR Dorcas, ME Reed, RN AF Mazzotti, Frank J. Cherkiss, Michael S. Hart, Kristen M. Snow, Ray W. Rochford, Michael R. Dorcas, Michael E. Reed, Robert N. TI Cold-induced mortality of invasive Burmese pythons in south Florida SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Python molurus; Florida Everglades; Cold temperatures; Invasive species; Mortality; Thermoregulation ID LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS AB A recent record cold spell in southern Florida (2-11 January 2010) provided an opportunity to evaluate responses of an established population of Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) to a prolonged period of unusually cold weather. We observed behavior, characterized thermal biology, determined fate of radio-telemetered (n = 10) and non-telemetered (n = 104) Burmese pythons, and analyzed habitat and environmental conditions experienced by pythons during and after a historic cold spell. Telemetered pythons had been implanted with radio-transmitters and temperature-recording data loggers prior to the cold snap. Only one of 10 telemetered pythons survived the cold snap, whereas 59 of 99 (60%) non-telemetered pythons for which we determined fate survived. Body temperatures of eight dead telemetered pythons fluctuated regularly prior to 9 January 2010, then declined substantially during the cold period (9-11 January) and exhibited no further evidence of active thermoregulation indicating they were likely dead. Unusually cold temperatures in January 2010 were clearly associated with mortality of Burmese pythons in the Everglades. Some radio-telemetered pythons appeared to exhibit maladaptive behavior during the cold spell, including attempting to bask instead of retreating to sheltered refugia. We discuss implications of our findings for persistence and spread of introduced Burmese pythons in the United States and for maximizing their rate of removal. C1 [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Cherkiss, Michael S.; Rochford, Michael R.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Snow, Ray W.] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Mazzotti, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM fjma@ufl.edu FU US Geological Survey; US National Park Service Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative; South Florida Water Management District FX This research was supported by the US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science program, the US National Park Service Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative, and the South Florida Water Management District. We thank T. Kiechkefer and T. Hill for tracking and collecting pythons, J. Vinci for making figures, S. Williams for formatting the manuscript, and R. Harvey for editing the manuscript. Everglades National Park agents, park staff, park partners, and visitors assisted by reporting observations and helping to recover pythons. We are especially indebted to B. Hill of the South Florida Water Management District for his reports. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from H. Waddle, P. Schofield and both anonymous reviewers. Permits and approvals required for this research were obtained from the US National Park Service and the Animal Research Committee at the University of Florida. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the US Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 11 U2 102 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9797-5 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695GT UT WOS:000285359300017 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Reynolds, LV AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Reynolds, Lindsay V. TI Challenges of predicting the potential distribution of a slow-spreading invader: a habitat suitability map for an invasive riparian tree SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Exotic plant species; Habitat suitability model; Maxent; Riparian; Russian olive ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS; RUSSIAN-OLIVE; ELAEAGNUS-ANGUSTIFOLIA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; THRESHOLD CRITERIA; PLANT INVASIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ZONES; RIVER AB Understanding the potential spread of invasive species is essential for land managers to prevent their establishment and restore impacted habitat. Habitat suitability modeling provides a tool for researchers and managers to understand the potential extent of invasive species spread. Our goal was to use habitat suitability modeling to map potential habitat of the riparian plant invader, Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia). Russian olive has invaded riparian habitat across North America and is continuing to expand its range. We compiled 11 disparate datasets for Russian olive presence locations (n = 1,051 points and 139 polygons) in the western US and used Maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to develop two habitat suitability maps for Russian olive in the western United States: one with coarse-scale water data and one with fine-scale water data. Our models were able to accurately predict current suitable Russian olive habitat (Coarse model: training AUC = 0.938, test AUC = 0.907; Fine model: training AUC = 0.923, test AUC = 0.885). Distance to water was the most important predictor for Russian olive presence in our coarse-scale water model, but it was only the fifth most important variable in the fine-scale model, suggesting that when water bodies are considered on a fine scale, Russian olive does not necessarily rely on water. Our model predicted that Russian olive has suitable habitat further west from its current distribution, expanding into the west coast and central North America. Our methodology proves useful for identifying potential future areas of invasion. Model results may be influenced by locations of cultivated individuals and sampling bias. Further study is needed to examine the potential for Russian olive to invade beyond its current range. Habitat suitability modeling provides an essential tool for enhancing our understanding of invasive species spread. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Reynolds, Lindsay V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reynolds, Lindsay V.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9798-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695GT UT WOS:000285359300018 ER PT B AU Billington, N Sloss, BL AF Billington, Neil Sloss, Brian L. BE Barton, BA TI Molecular Systematics of Sander, and Hybridization between Walleye and Sauger SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND CULTURE OF WALLEYE AND SAUGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MISSOURI RIVER RESERVOIRS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TELEOSTEI PERCIDAE; CRAPPIE POPULATION; DARTERS TELEOSTEI; FAMILY PERCIDAE C1 [Billington, Neil] Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Billington, N (reprint author), Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. NR 101 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-22-6 PY 2011 BP 85 EP 104 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BVR93 UT WOS:000292616800003 ER PT S AU Bennett, JP AF Bennett, James P. BE Bates, ST Bungartz, F Lucking, R HerreraCampos, MA Zambrano, A TI Copper mines may affect lichens of two Southern Arizona national protected areas SO BIOMONITORING, ECOLOGY, AND SYSTEMATICS OF LICHENS: RECOGNIZING THE LICHENOLOGICAL LEGACY OF THOMAS H. NASH III ON HIS 65TH BIRTHDAY SE Bibliotheca Lichenologica LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE copper; enrichment factors; mining; lichens; Arizona ID FIRE AB Lichens in two national protected areas in Arizona, Chiricahua National Monument and Saguaro National Park, were sampled in 1986, 1993 and 1994 for elemental contents to determine if elevated levels of elemental deposition occurred. Eight species of lichens were used with Pseudevernia intensa and several Usnea species in common. Unusually high concentrations of Cu were found at Chiricahua compared to Saguaro, with a maximum value of 350 ppm being found in Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia at one locality. Many copper mines exist in Southern Arizona, with the Johnson (approximately 80 km west) and Bisbee (approximately 90 km southwest) mines being close to Chiricahua, suggesting the lichens are either enriched in Cu from fugitive dust from the mines, even though they have been closed for over 100 years, or from similar copper minerals in the rocks. C1 [Bennett, James P.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bennett, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jpbennet@wisc.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J CRAMER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1436-1698 BN 978-3-443-58085-8 J9 BIBL LICHENOL JI Bibl. Lichen. PY 2011 VL 106 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BVF22 UT WOS:000291365700003 ER PT B AU O'Connell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU AF O'Connell, Allan F. Nichols, James D. Karanth, K. Ullas BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Camera Traps in Animal Ecology Methods and Analyses Introduction SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID OCCUPANCY; SOFTWARE; DYNAMICS; DESIGN C1 [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP O'Connell, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aoconnell@usgs.gov; jnichols@usgs.gov; ukaranth@gmail.com NR 20 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800002 ER PT B AU O'Connell, A Nichols, J Karanth, U AF O'Connell, Allan Nichols, Jim Karanth, Ullas BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Camera Traps in Animal Ecology Methods and Analyses Preface SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [O'Connell, Allan] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nichols, Jim] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP O'Connell, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aoconnell@usgs.gov; jnichols@usgs.gov; ukaranth@gmail.com NR 8 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP V EP VII D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800001 ER PT B AU Nichols, JD Karanth, KU O'Connell, AF AF Nichols, James D. Karanth, K. Ullas O'Connell, Allan F. BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Science, Conservation, and Camera Traps SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES RICHNESS; POPULATION-SIZE; RAIN-FOREST; DENSITIES; MAMMALS; TIGERS; COMMUNITIES; OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE; INFERENCE C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov; ukaranth@gmail.com; aoconnell@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800005 ER PT B AU Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Kumar, NS AF Karanth, K. Ullas Nichols, James D. Kumar, N. Samba BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Estimating Tiger Abundance from Camera Trap Data: Field Surveys and Analytical Issues SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MAMMAL POPULATION-SIZE; PANTHERA-TIGRIS; MARK-RECAPTURE; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; PREY POPULATIONS; ROBUST DESIGN; INDIA; RADIOTELEMETRY C1 [Karanth, K. Ullas; Kumar, N. Samba] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, 26-2 Aga Abbas Ali Rd,Apt 403, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. EM ukaranth@gmail.com; jnichols@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 97 EP 117 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800008 ER PT B AU Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Kumar, NS Jathanna, D AF Karanth, K. Ullas Nichols, James D. Kumar, N. Samba Jathanna, Devcharan BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Estimation of Demographic Parameters in a Tiger Population from Long-term Camera Trap Data SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; PANTHERA-TIGRIS-ALTAICA; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; IMMIGRATION; VIABILITY; DENSITIES; INDIA C1 [Karanth, K. Ullas; Kumar, N. Samba; Jathanna, Devcharan] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, 26-2 Aga Abbas Ali Rd,Apt 403, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. EM ukaranth@gmail.com; jnichols@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800010 ER PT B AU Royle, JA Gardner, B AF Royle, J. Andrew Gardner, Beth BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Hierarchical Spatial Capture-Recapture Models for Estimating Density from Trapping Arrays SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULATION-SIZE; DATA AUGMENTATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; CAMERA-TRAP; COUNTS; OCELOT C1 [Royle, J. Andrew; Gardner, Beth] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 163 EP 190 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_10 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800011 ER PT B AU O'Connell, AF Bailey, LL AF O'Connell, Allan F. Bailey, Larissa L. BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Inference for Occupancy and Occupancy Dynamics SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; IMPERFECT DETECTION; MULTIPLE STATES; DESIGN; FOREST; CONSERVATION C1 [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP O'Connell, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aoconnell@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_11 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800012 ER PT B AU Nichols, JD O'Connell, AF Karanth, KU AF Nichols, James D. O'Connell, Allan F. Karanth, K. Ullas BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Camera Traps in Animal Ecology and Conservation: What's Next? SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; POPULATION-SIZE; OCCUPANCY ESTIMATION; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; MULTIPLE STATES; DENSITY; ABUNDANCE; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov; aoconnell@usgs.gov; ukaranth@gmail.com NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_14 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800015 ER PT J AU Jones, SL AF Jones, Stephanie L. TI Territory Size in Mixed-grass Prairie Songbirds SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Baird's Sparrow; Ammodramus bairdii; Grasshopper Sparrow; Ammodramus savannarum; Sprague's Pipit; Anthus spragueii; flush mapping; grassland birds; territory mapping ID NORTHCENTRAL MONTANA; COMMUNITY; SPACE AB I estimated breeding territory size in mixed-grass prairie songbirds, and explored how it varied among bird species, time-of-season, and year. The study was conducted at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge in north-central Montana during 2007-2009. Across all species, months and years, mean breeding territory size was estimated at 0.43 ha (SE = 0.03, n = 129). Estimates were nearly identical across study species: Sprague's Pipits (Anthus spragueii), Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum), and Baird's (A. bairdii) sparrows. There was no significant variation in territory size across months, suggesting little to no dependence on nest phase. In contrast, I found significant variation in territory size among years (P = 0.034), that did not interact meaningfully with species (R(2) = 0.02, P = 0.603). This suggests that factors that vary annually appear to be affecting all bird species in a similar manner, which could be related to differences in vegetation structure and/or site quality (perhaps as a function of weather) or less likely, variation in population density. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jones, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 25486 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Stephanie_Jones@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nongame Migratory Bird Coordinator, Region 6 FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nongame Migratory Bird Coordinator, Region 6. Reference to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, or manufacturer does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency. Special thanks go to M. J. Artmann, who analyzed and mapped the territory data using GIS/ARCINFO. J. S. Dieni and Mac-Dougall Jones assisted with the analysis and offered many comments and insights that greatly improved this manuscript. S. K. Davis, A. J. Erskine and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 125 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831QK UT WOS:000295746000004 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME Mech, LD AF Nelson, Michael E. Mech, L. David TI Wolves, Canis lupus, Carry and Cache the Collars of Radio-collared White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, they Killed SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wolf; Canis lupus; White-tailed Deer; Odocoileus virginianus; caching; radio-collars; den; homesite; Minnesota AB Wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota cached six radio-collars (four in winter, two in spring-summer) of 202 radio-collared White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginian us) they killed or consumed from 1975 to 2010. A Wolf bedded on top of one collar cached in snow. We found one collar each at a Wolf den and Wolf rendezvous site, 2.5 km and 0.5 km respectively, from each deer's previous locations. C1 [Nelson, Michael E.; Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM Michael_nelson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; United States Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station; Special Projects Foundation FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station, and the Special Projects Foundation. We also acknowledge volunteer wildlife technicians who assisted in live capture of deer and who helped retrieve collars. We also thank the pilots of the U.S. Forest Service for skillful and safe flying. We followed the American Society of Mammalogists Guidelines (Animal Care and Use Committee 1998) for animal handling and care in conducting research. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 125 IS 1 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831QK UT WOS:000295746000017 ER PT J AU Vinson, MR Budy, P AF Vinson, Mark R. Budy, Phaedra TI Sources of variability and comparability between salmonid stomach contents and isotopic analyses: study design lessons and recommendations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC POSITION; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; SAMPLE TREATMENT; STREAM FISHES; LIFE-HISTORY; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; CARBON AB We compared sources of variability and cost in paired stomach content and stable isotope samples from three salmonid species collected in September 2001-2005 and describe the relative information provided by each method in terms of measuring diet overlap and food web study design. Based on diet analyses, diet overlap among brown trout, rainbow trout, and mountain whitefish was high, and we observed little variation in diets among years. In contrast, for sample sizes n >= 25, 95% confidence interval (CI) around mean delta N-15 and delta C-13 for the three target species did not overlap, and species, year, and fish size effects were significantly different, implying that these species likely consumed similar prey but in different proportions. Stable isotope processing costs were US$12 per sample, while stomach content analysis costs averaged US$25.49 +/- $2.91 (95% CI) and ranged from US$1.50 for an empty stomach to US$291.50 for a sample with 2330 items. Precision in both delta N-15 and delta C-13 and mean diet overlap values based on stomach contents increased considerably up to a sample size of n = 10 and plateaued around n = 25, with little further increase in precision. C1 [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Vinson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM mvinson@usgs.gov RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 55 TC 16 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1139/F10-117 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SK UT WOS:000287146300012 ER PT J AU Garrettson, PR Richkus, KD Rohwer, FC Johnson, WP AF Garrettson, P. R. Richkus, K. D. Rohwer, F. C. Johnson, W. P. TI Factors influencing investigator-caused nest abandonment by North American dabbling ducks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; CLUTCH SIZE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; BROOD SURVIVAL; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; WILD MALLARDS; PRAIRIE DUCKS; LIFE-HISTORY; RISK-TAKING; DEFENSE AB Nous examinons les facteurs (espece, age du nid, date du debut de construction du nid, taille de la couvee, activite des predateurs) qui peuvent affecter la probabilite de l'abandon du nid a la suite d'une intervention d'un chercheur chez des canards barboteurs nord-americains et nous faisons des predictions basees sur la theorie de l'investissement parental. Pour l'ensemble des nids, le meilleur modele contient l'espece, le stade du nid, la date du debut de construction du nid et l'interaction entre l'espece et la date de debut de construction du nid. La probabilite d'abandon chez les canards colverts (Anas platyrhynchos L., 1758) est constamment plus elevee que chez les sarcelles a ailes bleues (Anas discors L., 1766). Chez ces especes, la probabilite d'abandon augmente en fonction des dates plus tardives, alors que le patron contraire s'observe chez les canards chipeaux (Anas strepera L., 1758), les canards pilets (Anas acuta L., 1758) et les canards souchets (Anas clypeata L., 1758). L'abandon par toutes les especes diminue a mesure que le stade du nid progresse. Les pondeuses hatives (< 5 oeufs) sont 7 fois et les pondeuses tardives 2 fois plus susceptibles d'abandonner leur nid que les femelles couveuses. Durant l'incubation, la probabilite d'abandon est 38 % plus elevee au debut de la periode (< 8 jours) qu'a la fin; elle diminue de 19 % pour chaque oeuf additionnel dans la couvee totale. Nous proposons un modele nouveau en deux etapes dans lequel l'abandon du nid par les canards barboteurs est influence surtout par les occasions de reproduction future durant la ponte et les benefices attendus par l'episode actuel de reproduction durant l'incubation. C1 [Garrettson, P. R.; Richkus, K. D.; Rohwer, F. C.; Johnson, W. P.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Garrettson, PR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM pam_garrettson@fws.gov FU Delta Waterfowl Foundation FX The Delta Waterfowl Foundation funded this research. P. Garrettson and K. Richkus received assistantships from Louisiana State University during the completion of fieldwork. J. Ackerman, D. Krementz, G. Smith, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We are grateful to the approximately 75 assistants who helped us collect data, as well as to the more than 300 landowners who allowed us to conduct research on their land. All research complied with current laws in the United States and Canada. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 89 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1139/Z10-095 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 699AT UT WOS:000285637000007 ER PT S AU Friedel, MJ AF Friedel, Michael J. BE Baba, A Gunduz, O Friedel, MJ Tayfur, G Howard, KWF Chambel, A TI Climate Change Effects on Ecosystem Services in the United States - Issues of National and Global Security SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS EFFECTS ON WATER RESOURCES: ISSUES OF NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources - Issues of National and Global Security CY SEP 01-04, 2010 CL Izmir, TURKEY DE Climate change; Ecosystem services; El Nino; La Nina; Groundwater recharge; Self-organizing map; Hindcasting; Forecasting; Uncertainty AB Climate change is one possible external driver of ecosystem services. In the tropical Pacific, short-term climate change is influenced by oceanic Kelvin waves that induce remote temperatures to rise (El Nino event) or decrease (La Nina event). This teleconnection is not globally uniform; in the United States (U.S.) drought conditions induced by El Nino commonly appear in the northern latitudes, whereas drought induced by La Nina occurs in the southern latitudes. Should natural or anthropogenic climate forcing influence the frequency or intensity of drought, there is a potential for catastrophic events to occur placing our national and global security at risk. Because climate forcing interacts with ecosystems characterized by nonlinear and multivariate processes over local-to-global and immediate-to-long-term scales, their assessment and prediction are challenging. This study demonstrates the efficacy of an alternative modeling paradigm based on using a self-organizing map to examine and predict the role that climatic change has on water-resource related ecosystem services. Examples include: (1) hindcasting 2,000 years of temperature and precipitation across states in the south-central and southwestern U.S.; (2) forecasting climate-induced groundwater recharge variability across subbasins in mid-western U.S.; and, (3) forecasting climate-change effects on post-fire hydrology and geomorphology in the western U.S. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov; mfriedel@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-1142-6 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1143-3_3 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BXY41 UT WOS:000297619100003 ER PT S AU Gurdak, JJ McMahon, PB Bruce, BW AF Gurdak, Jason J. McMahon, Peter B. Bruce, Breton W. BE Treidel, H MartinBordes, JL Gurdak, JJ TI Vulnerability of groundwater quality to human activity and climate change and variability, High Plains aquifer, USA SO CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES: A GLOBAL SYNTHESIS OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SE International Contributions to Hydrogeology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; SUSTAINABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; IMPACTS; STORAGE; FUTURE; TIME AB Groundwater resources are affected by human activities and climate change and variability in many complex ways. Although many such studies to date have focused on the quantity of groundwater resources, the quality of groundwater may be a limiting factor for some intended uses such as drinking-or irrigation-water supply and to the long-term sustainability of many groundwater resources worldwide. This chapter characterizes the vulnerability of groundwater quality to coupled human activities and climate change and variability by focusing on important findings and policy implications of a recent (1999 to 2009) groundwater-quality study of the High Plains aquifer (450,000 km(2)). In the United States, the High Plains aquifer is the most heavily used aquifer and currently supports one of the largest agricultural economies, but groundwater from this important aquifer is being used at unsustainable rates. Results indicate that contamination, especially elevated nitrate concentrations primarily from agricultural sources, is typically found in shallow groundwater and may be a limiting factor for some intended uses such as drinking-water supply at local and some sub-regional scales. The quality of groundwater from deeper in the High Plains aquifer, where most private, public-supply, and irrigation wells are screened, is generally suitable for drinking and as irrigation water. However, during the past 50 to 60 years, small but measurable increases in concentrations of contaminants in water-supply wells have occurred because of differences in spatial climate patterns, the conversion of rangeland to irrigated cropland, mobilization of natural and anthropogenic solutes in the unsaturated zone, chemical transport to the water table along fast or preferential pathways, mixing of shallower (younger) and deeper (older) groundwater by high-capacity and multiple-screened wells, a limited ability within the aquifer to naturally attenuate some contaminants such as nitrate, and the influence of interannual to multidecadal climate variability on recharge rates and chemical mobilization to the water table. Findings and policy implications of this study may help managers of the High Plains aquifer and other similar aquifers worldwide to prioritize areas that are most sensitive to coupled human activities and climate change and variability, and implement best management practices in the context of adaptability and long-term sustainability of groundwater resources. C1 [Gurdak, Jason J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [McMahon, Peter B.; Bruce, Breton W.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Gurdak, JJ (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM jgurdak@sfsu.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0936-3912 BN 978-0-203-12076-7 J9 INT CONTRIBUT HYDROG PY 2011 VL 27 BP 145 EP 167 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BD5MW UT WOS:000361607800009 ER PT J AU Harrison, L Michaelsen, J Funk, C Husak, G AF Harrison, L. Michaelsen, J. Funk, C. Husak, G. TI Effects of temperature changes on maize production in Mozambique SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Temperature trends; Maize; Phenology; Degree-days; Mozambique ID HEAT-STRESS; GROWING-SEASON; GRAIN-GROWTH; YIELD; DURATION; CORN; ACCUMULATION; TOLERANCE; LENGTH AB We examined intraseasonal changes in maize phenology and heat stress exposure over the 1979-2008 period, using Mozambique meteorological station data and maize growth requirements in a growing degree-day model. Identifying historical effects of warming on maize growth is particularly important in Mozambique because national food security is highly dependent on domestic food production, most of which is grown in already warm to hot environments. Warming temperatures speed plant development, shortening the length of growth periods necessary for optimum plant and grain size. This faster phenological development also alters the timing of maximum plant water demand. In hot growing environments, temperature increases during maize pollination threaten to make midseason crop failure the norm. In addition to creating a harsher thermal environment, we find that early season temperature increases have caused the maize reproductive period to start earlier, increasing the risk of heat and water stress. Declines in time to maize maturation suggest that, independent of effects to water availability, yield potential is becoming increasingly limited by warming itself. Regional variations in effects are a function of the timing and magnitude of temperature increases and growing season characteristics. Continuation of current climatic trends could induce substantial yield losses in some locations. Farmers could avoid some losses through simple changes to planting dates and maize varietal types. C1 [Harrison, L.; Michaelsen, J.; Funk, C.; Husak, G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, C.] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci ERO, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Harrison, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM harrison@geog.ucsb.edu FU U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System Network under U.S. Geological Survey [G09AC00001]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Precipitation Science [NNX07AG266] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System Network under U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement #G09AC00001 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Precipitation Science Grant #NNX07AG266. We thank these agencies for their support. We also thank and acknowledge Blessing Siwela and Tamuka Magadzire of the SADC RRSU for the major Mozambique production zones spatial data and John MacRobert of CIMMYT for the maize varietal information. Also thanks to three anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.3354/cr00979 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768SF UT WOS:000290957700002 ER PT J AU Brooks, WE Mora, CG Jackson, JC McGeehin, JP Hood, DG AF Brooks, William E. Mora, Cesar G. Jackson, John C. McGeehin, John P. Hood, Darden G. BE Stracher, GB Prakash, A Sokol, EV TI Coal and Ancient Man: Cremation at the Tschudi Burn, Chan Chan, Northern Peru SO COAL AND PEAT FIRES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, VOL 1: COAL - GEOLOGY AND COMBUSTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COPPER C1 [Brooks, William E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mora, Cesar G.] Inst Nacl Cultura, Trujillo, Peru. [Jackson, John C.; McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Hood, Darden G.] MicroAnalytica LLC, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Brooks, WE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093163-0 PY 2011 BP 63 EP 81 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52858-2.00004-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BGD14 UT WOS:000322370900005 ER PT B AU Martin-Fernandez, JA Palarea-Albaladejo, J Olea, RA AF Antoni Martin-Fernandez, Josep Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier Olea, Ricardo Antonio BE PawlowskyGlahn, V Buccianti, A TI Dealing with zeros SO COMPOSITIONAL DATA ANALYSIS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPOSITIONAL DATA SETS; MULTINOMIAL DATA; ROUNDED ZEROS; MODEL C1 [Antoni Martin-Fernandez, Josep] Univ Girona, Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math, Girona, Spain. [Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier] JCMB, Biomath & Stat Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Olea, Ricardo Antonio] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Martin-Fernandez, JA (reprint author), Univ Girona, Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math, Girona, Spain. EM josepantoni.martin@udg.edu; jpalarea@pdi.ucam.edu; rolea@usgs.gov RI Martin-Fernandez, Josep-Antoni/B-9208-2011 OI Martin-Fernandez, Josep-Antoni/0000-0003-2366-1592 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-97647-9; 978-0-470-71135-4 PY 2011 BP 43 EP 58 D2 10.1002/9781119976462 PG 16 WC Mathematics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BA5PV UT WOS:000336922300005 ER PT J AU Webley, PW AF Webley, P. W. TI Virtual Globe visualization of ash-aviation encounters, with the special case of the 1989 Redoubt-KLM incident SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Puff; Volcanic ash; Dispersion modeling and Virtual Globes ID SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; DETECTING VOLCANIC ASH; CLOUDS; FAILURES AB The impact of natural hazards on the local environment causes major issues for those agencies responsible for warning and understanding of the risks. Analysis of past events can assist and improve future warning capabilities. Here, volcanic ash-aviation encounters are the focus, with an improved visualization allowing observers a prospective view of a high impact event in four dimensions, never before possible without high-performance computing. Volcanic ash is one of the major hazards from volcanic eruptions; with impacts include aircraft engine failure, building collapses, airport closures and associated health impacts. Across the North Pacific since 1970, there have been over 200 separate volcanic ash clouds that have reached aviation routes at 6 km above sea level or higher. Dispersion models are used to forecast the movement of ash clouds from impending and current volcanic events. Virtual Globes, with their three- and even four-dimensionality, provide the perfect tools to display these model predictions in their true form. Here, the Puff dispersion model is shown in four dimensions, in space and time. There have been many ash-aviation encounters worldwide, 8 with engine failures that are considered high severity encounters but fortunately so far, no crashes. Here, the encounter from Redoubt Volcano during the 1989-1990 eruptive period is shown, known as the Redoubt-KLM incident. This new visualization allows an improved understanding of the event, allowing the observer to interact with the encounter at a spatio-temporal scale never before possible. Through the volcanic ash-aviation event here, the next step in displaying multiple geophysical datasets in one seamless environment is possible. For volcanic activity, seismic, infrasound, lightning, dispersion modeling, and remote sensing datasets can be easily displayed with the additional ability of viewing all of them together in four dimensions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU Alaska Volcano Observatory; Geophysical Institute at University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF); Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at UAF; Geophysical Institute at UAF FX Thanks go to the Alaska Volcano Observatory, specifically its remote sensing group and the Geophysical Institute at University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) for their support of this research. In addition, Peter Webley was funded by the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center and the Geophysical Institute, both at UAF, during his research. AVO is a joint program of the United States Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.02.005 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 716WK UT WOS:000287004000004 ER PT S AU Rosenberry, D AF Rosenberry, Donald BE Abesser, C Nutzmann, G Hill, MC Bloschl, G Lakshmanan, E TI The need to consider temporal variability when modelling exchange at the sediment-water interface SO CONCEPTUAL AND MODELLING STUDIES OF INTEGRATED GROUNDWATER, SURFACE WATER, AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Commiss Water Resources Systems, Int Commiss Surface Water, Int Commiss Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO-IHP DE groundwater-surface-water exchange; seepage; temporal variability ID SEEPAGE METER; STREAMBED TEMPERATURES; GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE; LAKE; FLUX; TIME AB Most conceptual or numerical models of flows and processes at the sediment water interface assume steady-state conditions and do not consider temporal variability. The steady-state assumption is required because temporal variability, if quantified at all, is usually determined on a seasonal or inter-annual scale. In order to design models that can incorporate finer-scale temporal resolution we first need to measure variability at a finer scale. Automated seepage meters that can measure flow across the sediment water interface with temporal resolution of seconds to minutes were used in a variety of settings to characterize seepage response to rainfall, wind, and evapotranspiration. Results indicate that instantaneous seepage fluxes can be much larger than values commonly reported in the literature, although seepage does not always respond to hydrological processes. Additional study is needed to understand the reasons for the wide range and types of responses to these hydrologic and atmospheric events. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rosenberry, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 413,Bldg 53,DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-20-9 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2011 VL 345 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BXY32 UT WOS:000297611100001 ER PT S AU Jolley, JC Irwin, ER AF Jolley, Jeffrey C. Irwin, Elise R. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Catfish Population Characteristics in Tailwater and Reservoir Habitats of the Coosa River, Alabama SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID INTRODUCED FLATHEAD CATFISH; 2 MISSOURI STREAMS; CHANNEL CATFISH; BLUE CATFISH; LAKE WILSON; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; GROWTH; AGE; STRATEGIES AB Catfish are popular recreational fish in Alabama, and management interest has been rising. We hypothesized that tailwater habitat more closely resembling lotic conditions would provide more suitable conditions for catfishes compared to impounded habitats. We examined and compared population characteristics, including abundance, age and size structure, growth, and survival of blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, channel catfish I. punctatus, and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris between tailwater and reservoir habitats in a section of the Coosa River in 2001-2002. Coosa River system tailwater habitats appear to generally provide higher quality environments for abundance and growth of catfishes than reservoir habitat, although results were often not consistent among species. We found no differences for many comparisons of stock descriptors between tailwater and reservoir habitat. We found that blue catfish were larger (48 mm total length larger) and flathead catfish electrofishing catch rates were higher (13 fish/h greater) in tailwater areas Catfish populations in the Coosa River were characterized by slow growth and high longevity, findings in accord with other recent otolith-based age analyses from populations in the Southeast. All species had moderate to high annual survival (57-88%), likely indicating light exploitation levels. Catfish populations in this section of the Coosa River appear robust, and the tendency for these dam tailwaters to have higher quality catfish populations may warrant management actions to enhance/sustain these fisheries. C1 [Jolley, Jeffrey C.; Irwin, Elise R.] Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci Bldg, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jolley, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jeffrey_jolley@fws.gov FU Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-40-29] FX This research was supported by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Sport Fish Restoration Project F-40-29 Study Number 4. Earlier drafts of this manuscript were greatly improved by the comments of S. Chipps, K. Pope, J. Quinn, and two anonymous reviewers. The cooperators of the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries; the Wildlife Management Institute; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 155 EP 166 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100013 ER PT S AU Winkelman, DL AF Winkelman, Dana L. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Evaluation of the Flathead Catfish Population and Fishery on Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma, with Emphasis on Effects of Noodling SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID MORTALITY AB I conducted a 3-year study at Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma to estimate effects of various fishing gears on the flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris population. Managers were particularly interested in the effect of handfishing or noodling on this population. I used a phone survey to assess angler effort and electrofishing and gill nets to calculate standard population metrics to assess composition of the current population. Survey data indicated that fishing effort and harvest were highest for trotlines and juglines and lowest for noodling. Size distribution of fish harvested by noodlers was not different from sizes that were available in the fishery and was similar to those fish harvested with other gears. Flathead catfish sampled in Lake Carl Blackwell ranged in size from 38 to 1,220 mm total length, and 77% of the population was less than 508 mm (minimum legal size). Estimated total annual mortality was about 11%. Proportional size distribution (PSD) of flathead catfish for Lake Carl Blackwell indicates that about 70% of legal-sized flathead catfish were over the preferred size of 710 mm. Overall, the Lake Carl Blackwell flathead catfish population appeared healthy. There were a wide range of sizes and ages in the population, and PSD indicated a well-balanced population with many preferred and memorable-sized fish. Due to its rarity, noodling is probably not adversely influencing the population. Additionally, noodling at Lake Carl Blackwell does not appear to be as size-selective as previously thought. C1 [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 201 JVK Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Winkelman, DL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 201 JVK Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dana.winkelman@colostate.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; U.S. Geological Survey and Oklahoma State University through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX I would like to thank Melissa Willis for her dedication to accomplishing the boat surveys and field sampling. This research was funded by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and Oklahoma State University through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100018 ER PT S AU Wildhaber, ML AF Wildhaber, Mark L. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI The Neosho Madtom and the Multifaceted Nature of Population Limiting Factors SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID NOTURUS-PLACIDUS POPULATIONS; MIDWESTERN WARMWATER STREAM; HABITAT USE; LOWHEAD DAMS; RIVER; ICTALURIDAE; BEHAVIOR; FISHES AB The Neosho madtom Noturus placidus is a small ictalurid formally recognized as a species in 1969 and federally listed as threatened in 1990. What is presented here is an in-depth review of research done on Neosho madtom since it was listed as threatened. The overall goal is to directly address questions put forth in the original recovery plan. Information presented provides a basis for updating the status of and current recovery plan for the Neosho madtom along with guidance as to additional research needed for Neosho madtom recovery efforts to be successful. Currently, Neosho madtoms are found in main stems of the Neosho, Cottonwood, and Spring rivers in Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. These three rivers have been altered by reservoirs, heavy metals contamination, and gravel mining. Effects of these factors were identified as areas of information needed for recovery of the species, along with a better understanding of its reproductive biology and overall ecology. Since the initial recovery plan was written, numerous research efforts have and continue to address these questions through collaborative studies involving a partnership among federal and state agencies, private landowners, and universities. Within the Spring River, Neosho madtom populations are limited by poor habitat quality in the upper section (i.e., upstream of Center Creek) and by heavy metals contamination in the lower. In the Neosho River system, the decrease in Neosho madtom densities downstream of John Redmond Reservoir seems to be related to decreased turbidity and coarser substrate. Other benthic fishes found with the Neosho madtom, such as the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, have shown a similar change in density. Neosho mad tom population declines also have been linked to low-head dams, which result in decreased flow and increased siltation upstream and coarsening of substrate downstream. Furthermore, Neosho madtom reproductive behavior has been shown to be related to environmental cues such as photoperiod, temperature, and water velocity, thereby indicating potential for reservoir release patterns to disrupt reproduction through changes in flow. Research has shown that Neosho madtom populations are limited by different factors in different parts of the species' geographic range. Additional research is needed on Neosho madtom movement rates among gravel bars, population genetics, aging methods, age distribution within wild populations, growth rates, population viability, effects of predation, and sensitivity to environmental contaminants. C1 [Wildhaber, Mark L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov FU USGS of the U.S. Department of the Interior, through CERC FX This book chapter was funded and undertaken by USGS of the U.S. Department of the Interior, through CERC. Janice Bryan of CERC helped with figure development and provided editing assistance. Ken Collins, Daniel Fenner, and Vernon Tabor of US-FWS provided valuable reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 281 EP 294 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100024 ER PT S AU Sindt, AR Fischer, JR Quist, MC Pierce, CL AF Sindt, Anthony R. Fischer, Jesse R. Quist, Michael C. Pierce, Clay L. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Ictalurids in Iowa's Streams and Rivers: Status, Distribution, and Relationships with Biotic Integrity SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; FISH ASSEMBLAGE RELATIONSHIPS; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; LAND-USE; PHYSICAL HABITAT; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITIES; FAUNA; CHANNELIZATION; CATCHMENT AB Anthropogenic alterations to Iowa's landscape have greatly altered lotic systems with consequent effects on the biodiversity of freshwater fauna. Ictalurids are a diverse group of fishes and play an important ecological role in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about their distribution and status in lotic systems throughout Iowa. The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of ictalurids in Iowa and examine their relationship with ecological integrity of streams and rivers. Historical data (i.e., 1884-2002) compiled for the Iowa Aquatic Gap Analysis Project (IAGAP) were used to detect declines in the distribution of ictalurids in Iowa streams and rivers at stream segment and watershed scales. Eight variables characterizing ictalurid assemblages were used to evaluate relationships with index of biotic integrity (IBI) ratings. Comparisons of recent and historic data from the IAGAP database indicated that 9 of Iowa's 10 ictalurid species experienced distribution declines at one or more spatial scales. Analysis of variance indicated that ictalurid assemblages differed among samples with different IBI ratings. Specifically, total ictalurid, sensitive ictalurid, and Noturus spp. richness increased as IBI ratings increased. Results indicate declining ictalurid species distributions and biotic integrity are related, and management strategies aimed to improve habitat and increase biotic integrity will benefit ictalurid species. C1 [Sindt, Anthony R.; Fischer, Jesse R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sindt, AR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM arsindt@iastate.edu NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 335 EP 347 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100029 ER PT S AU Homer, MD Jennings, CA AF Homer, Michael D., Jr. Jennings, Cecil A. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Historical Catch, Age Structure, Sizes, and Relative Growth for an Introduced Population of Blue Catfish in Lake Oconee, Georgia SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; FLATHEAD CATFISH; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; ALABAMA; BIOLOGY AB In Georgia, blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus are native in the Coosa River drainage in the northwestern part of the state. However, they were first detected outside this range during an annual gill net survey of Lake Sinclair conducted by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources in 1996, then again in a similar survey of Lake Oconee during 1997. Catch of blue catfish in annual surveys of Lake Oconee continued to increase, but demographics of the populations are unknown. We used annual survey data for the period 1989-2009 to identify trends in catch of blue catfish in the lake. Age and size structure of the blue catfish population in Lake Oconee was assessed based on catch data from the 2008 survey. Mean length for blue catfish captured (n = 121) was 330 mm (SD = 132 mm), and mean weight was 468 g (SD = 683.9 g); the largest fish was 740 mm and weighed 5078 g. Otoliths from the blue catfish collected were cross-sectioned, mounted on glass slides, and examined under a dissecting microscope, and annuli on each section were counted independently by two readers. Catch data indicated that blue catfish catch increased rapidly after 1997. Seven year-classes (2001-2007) were represented in the 2008 sample, and most fish were from the 2003 year-class (mean age: 3.7 years; SD = 1.4 years). These data document a rapidly expanding blue catfish population in Lake Oconee and could serve as the basis for developing management strategies in this reservoir system and others across North America where blue catfish are expanding their range. C1 [Homer, Michael D., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Homer, MD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM homerm@warnell.uga.edu FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was conducted collaboratively with the Wildlife Resources Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Michael S. Bednarski, Benjamin Carswell, and Daniel Farrae at University of Georgia provided technical assistance. Scott Lamprecht and Chad Holbrook of South Carolina Department of Natural Resources provided time and technical training for otolith preparation and sectioning. Peter Sakaris (Southern Polytechnic State University) generously provided additional technical training for otolith preparation and sectioning. Robert Bringolf at the University of Georgia provided in-kind support. Dave Buckmeier (Texas Parks and Wildlife) and Kurt Kuklinski (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife and Conservation) provided technical assistance. The authors thank Chris Nelson, Jamie Dowd, Mark Rigglesford, Ramon Martin, Michael Sheppard, Taylor Duke, Tony Beck, Daniel Malcom, and John Ruiz for assistance with collections. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and Sean Sterrett, Joseph Kirsch, Daniel Farrae, and Michael Bednarski for reviewing this manuscript. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100032 ER PT S AU Kaeser, AJ Bonvechio, TF Harrison, D Weller, RR AF Kaeser, Adam J. Bonvechio, Timothy F. Harrison, Donald Weller, Robert R. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Population Dynamics of Introduced Flathead Catfish in Rivers of Southern Georgia SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID ST-JOSEPH RIVER; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; MICHIGAN; AGE AB The flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris is a widely successful invader of lotic ecosystems across North America. The ability of flathead catfish to grow quickly to large sizes while preying upon native fish has caused concern and spurred aggressive measures to control introduced populations in states like Georgia. Although studies have examined differences among native and introduced populations with respect to demographic factors such as age, growth, and mortality, little is known of introduced population dynamics over the long term. As a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the trajectory and fate of introduced flathead catfish populations, we examined temporal dynamics within some of the oldest (30+years), introduced populations in the southeastern United States, those of the Flint River and Altamaha River systems of Georgia. Flathead catfish abundance (both density and biomass) was substantially (71-88%) lower among populations recently examined relative to historical observations. A comparison of modeled growth indicated that individual growth rates of flathead catfish were also lower among contemporary populations than among those previously observed. Monitoring of relative abundance over a 22 -year period in the Altamaha River revealed a distinct and recurrent population boom and decline, suggesting that equilibrium abundance of flathead catfish has either not been reached or will remain dynamic in the future in this system. Changes in the population demographics of introduced populations occurred rapidly, within a matter of years, and represented striking shifts in the abundance of flathead catfish populations in southern Georgia. An investigation of factors associated with such dynamics and their ecological consequences remain important areas for future research. C1 [Kaeser, Adam J.; Weller, Robert R.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Albany, GA 31701 USA. [Bonvechio, Timothy F.; Harrison, Donald] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Waycross, GA 31502 USA. RP Kaeser, AJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM adam_kaeser@fws.gov FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX Funding for this research was provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. We greatly appreciate the assistance and support of many individuals: Bobby Bass, Tim Grabowski, Tara Muenz, Jim Peterson, Pete Sakaris, Lindsey Sargent, Dave Steen, staff and volunteers of the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway, and staff of the southwest and southeast regional fisheries management sections of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 409 EP 422 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100034 ER PT S AU Garrett, DL Rabeni, CF AF Garrett, Daniel L. Rabeni, Charles F. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Intra-Annual Movement and Migration of Flathead Catfish and Blue Catfish in the Lower Missouri River and Tributaries SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; HABITAT USE; ULTRASONIC TRANSMITTERS; STREAM FISHES; HOME-RANGE; PATTERNS; LAKE AB Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris and blue catfish ktalurus furcatus thrive in large rivers and constitute large sport fisheries. Defining a spatial scale for new management strategies has become increasingly important due to rapid expansion of the sport fishery. To investigate life history characteristics, migratory pathways, and space use, we used telemetry to monitor the movement behavior of flathead catfish and blue catfish during two complete annual cycles. Individuals were sampled from a 97-km reach of the lower Missouri River and surgically implanted with transmitters during April 2006 (N = 77) and again in April and July of 2007 (N = 80). Acoustic tracking by boat and radio tracking by helicopter were used on the Missouri, Lamine, Chariton, Little Chariton, and Grand rivers during 2006-2008. The proportion of individuals that used a tributary during the putative spawning period (May 15 July 15) increased from 10% (8 of 77) in 2006 to 18% (14 of 80) in 2007. Flood conditions in May 2007 may have contributed to this increase. Between April 2006 and May 2007, the majority of flathead (51%) and blue catfishes (55%) moved less than 100 river kilometers from where they were tagged. The maximum linear range during 2006-2007 was 347.6 river kilometers for blue catfish and 751.9 river kilometers for flathead catfish. Seasonal structure to annual movements was evident with periods of both restricted movement (December March; July September) and migratory behavior (March June; October December). The variability in observed behaviors provides a substantial basis for managers to identify and protect distant habitats that are used by adult catfish for spawning, feeding and growth, and overwintering. C1 [Garrett, Daniel L.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rabeni, Charles F.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Garrett, DL (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 16018 Mill Creek Blvd, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. EM dan.garrett@dfw.wa.gov FU Missouri Department of Conservation FX This research is a contribution of the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Major funding was provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation. We thank Ron Dent, Kevin Sullivan, Zach Ford, Craig Gemming, Greg Pitchford, Jake Allman, Mike Wallendorf, and many others from the Missouri Department of Conservation who contributed to the success of this project. From the University of Missouri, we thank Brook Kruz, Larry Lawson, Chris McLeland, Ryan Lueckenhoff, Matt Mullens, Joe Clayton, Benedict Nagy, Sander Jones, and Josh Willison for their tireless efforts collecting data. We are indebted to David Galat, Ray Semlitsch, and Josh Millspaugh from the University of Missouri who reviewed the manuscript. We benefitted enormously from the tracking efforts of Aaron Delonay, Emily Tracy, Emily Kunz, and other crew members from USGS-CERC and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 495 EP 509 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100041 ER PT S AU Miranda, LE Killgore, KJ AF Miranda, Leandro E. Killgore, K. Jack BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Catfish Spatial Distribution in the Free-Flowing Mississippi River SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; FLATHEAD CATFISH; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; BIOLOGY; LENGTH; SCALES AB We examined spatial distribution of blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, channel catfish I. punctatus, and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris at macro-, meso-, and microscales in the unimpounded Mississippi River between its mouth and the mouth of the Missouri River (river kilometer 1,847). Fish collections represented 1,309 trotlines fished at 154 river segments in 1997-2009. Blue catfish was the most abundant catfish species, followed by channel catfish and flathead catfish. At the macroscale level, we tested for longitudinal gradients along five a priori reaches ranging in length from 154 to 595 km. Blue catfish and flathead catfish generally decreased in upriver reaches, whereas channel catfish were abundant at the two extremes of the river span and least abundant in middle reaches. Species catch rates at the mesoscale level varied across nine habitat types with catch rates of blue catfish highest along natural banks; channel catfish highest in dikes, main channel edge, and gravel bars; and flathead catfish highest in articulated concrete mattresses/riprap and steep sand bars. Percentage contribution to variance in catch rate apportioned by each spatial scale differed across species but was always highest at the macroscale level, indicating greater spatial dependence at this scale. Site -specific mesoscale and microscale conditions account for local variability in abundances and are important in allocating effort in sampling programs. However, considering macroscale has the greatest influence over catfish populations, it is at this broad -scale level that management may be most effective. C1 [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Killgore, K. Jack] US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@cfr.msstate.edu FU Mississippi Valley Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program FX This study was funded by the Mississippi Valley Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program. Assistance in field collections was provided by Jan Hoover, Steven George, William Lancaster, Bradley Lewis, Phil Kirk, Catherine Murphy, Neil Douglas, Krista Boysen, and Jay Collins. Permission to publish this document was made by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 521 EP 534 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100043 ER PT S AU Porath, MT Pape, LD Richters, LK Pope, KL Pegg, MA AF Porath, Mark T. Pape, Larry D. Richters, Lindsey K. Pope, Kevin L. Pegg, Mark A. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Influence of Throat Configuration and Fish Density on Escapement of Channel Catfish from Hoop Nets SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CATCH RATES; MESH SIZE; TRAP NETS; IMPOUNDMENTS; SELECTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; RETENTION; CAPTURE; GEARS AB In recent years, several state agencies have adopted the use of baited, tandem set hoop nets to assess lentic channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus populations. Some level of escapement from the net is expected because an opening exists in each throat of the net, although factors influencing rates of escapement from hoop nets have not been quantified. We conducted experiments to quantify rates of escapement and to determine the influence of throat configuration and fish density within the net on escapement rates. An initial experiment to determine the rate of escapement from each net compartment utilized individually tagged channel catfish placed within the entrance (between the two throats) and cod (within the second throat) compartments of a single hoop net for overnight sets. From this experiment, the mean rate (+/- SE) of channel catfish escaping was 4.2% (+/- 1.5) from the cod (cod throat was additionally restricted from the traditionally manufactured product), and 74% (-+/- 4.2) from the entrance compartments. In a subsequent experiment, channel catfish were placed only in the cod compartment with different throat configurations (restricted or unrestricted) and at two densities (low [6 fish per net] and high [60 fish per net]) for overnight sets to determine the influence of fish density and throat configuration on escapement rates. Escapement rates between throat configurations were doubled at low fish density (13.3 +/- 5.4% restricted versus 26.7 +/- 5.6% unrestricted) and tripled at high fish density (14.3 +/- 4.9% restricted versus 51.9 +/- 5.0% unrestricted). These results suggest that retention efficiency is high from cod compartments with restricted throat entrances. However, managers and researchers need to be aware that modification to the cod throats (restrictions) is needed for hoop nets ordered from manufacturers. Managers need to be consistent in their use and reporting of cod end throat configurations when using this gear. C1 [Porath, Mark T.; Pape, Larry D.; Richters, Lindsey K.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, 2200 North 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.; Pegg, Mark A.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Porath, MT (reprint author), Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, 2200 North 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. EM mark.porath@nebraska.gov RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Sport Fish Restoration Fund administered through the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the following staff from CSFH for their assistance and patience during our experimental trials: Doug Kapke, Jim Gleim, Brett Brunken, Dave Reiner, and Josh Cloeter. Substantial improvements to this manuscript were made by anonymous reviewers and the proceedings editors. Funding was provided by the Sport Fish Restoration Fund administered through the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 563 EP 571 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100047 ER PT S AU Richters, LK Pope, KL AF Richters, Lindsey K. Pope, Kevin L. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Catch of Channel Catfish with Tandem-Set Hoop Nets and Gill Nets in Lentic Systems of Nebraska SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID SIZE STRUCTURE; IMPOUNDMENTS; GEARS AB Twenty-six Nebraska water bodies representing two ecosystem types (small standing waters and large standing waters) were surveyed during 2008 and 2009 with tandem set hoop nets and experimental gill nets to determine if similar trends existed in catch rates and size structures of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus captured with these gears. Gear efficiency was assessed as the number of sets (nets) that would be required to capture 100 channel catfish given observed catch per unit effort (CPUE). Efficiency of gill nets was not correlated with efficiency of hoop nets for capturing channel catfish. Small sample sizes prohibited estimation of proportional size distributions in most surveys; in the four surveys for which sample size was sufficient to quantify length -frequency distributions of captured channel catfish, distributions differed between gears. The CPUE of channel catfish did not differ between small and large water bodies for either gear. While catch rates of hoop nets were lower than rates recorded in previous studies, this gear was more efficient than gill nets at capturing channel catfish. However, comparisons of size structure between gears may be problematic. C1 [Richters, Lindsey K.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68402 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Richters, LK (reprint author), Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68402 USA. EM lindsey.richters@nebraska.gov RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project [F-177-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank D. Dobesh, N. Dobesh, M. Gruntorad, A. Miller, and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission personnel for assistance with field work. We also thank Chris Chizinski and Larry Pape for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-177-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 573 EP 580 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100048 ER PT S AU Wallace, BC Weaver, DM Kwak, TJ AF Wallace, Benjamin C. Weaver, Daniel M. Kwak, Thomas J. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Efficiency of Baited Hoop Nets for Sampling Catfish in Southeastern US Small Impoundments SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; MANAGEMENT AB Many U.S. natural resource agencies stock catfish (Ictaluridae) into small impoundments to provide recreational fishing opportunities. However, effective standardized methods for sampling catfish in small impoundments have not been developed for wide application, particularly in the southeastern United States. We evaluated the efficiency of three bait treatments (i.e., soybean cake, sunflower cake, and no bait) of tandem hoop nets in two North Carolina small impoundments during the fall of 2008 and spring of 2009 in a factorial experimental design. The impoundments were stocked with catchable-size channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus at contrastingly low (5.5 fish/ha) and high (90.0 fish/ha) rates prior to our sampling. Nets baited with soybean cake consistently sampled more channel catfish than any other treatment. Channel catfish catch ranged as high as 3,251 fish per net series during the fall in nets baited with soybean cake in the intensively stocked impoundment and was up to 8.5 and 15.3 times higher during the fall than in the spring in each impoundment. Nets baited with soybean cake sampled significantly (12 and 24 times) more channel catfish than those with no bait in the two impoundments. These trends did not occur among other catfish species. Nonictalurid fish and turtle catch was higher during spring compared to that of fall, corresponding with low channel catfish catches. Our results indicate that tandem hoop nets baited with soybean cake during the fall is a more efficient method for sampling channel catfish compared to nets baited with sunflower cake or no bait in spring or fall. Our findings validate this technique for application in southeastern U.S. small impoundments to assess catfish abundance to guide management and evaluate the success of catfish stocking programs. C1 [Wallace, Benjamin C.; Weaver, Daniel M.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina State University; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; NCWRC FX We thank Brian McRae, Kyle Briggs, and Russell Wong of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) for their assistance in the field and insight on North Carolina's Community Fishing Program. Others that assisted with field sampling include Patrick Cooney, Kyle Rachels, Jeremy Remmington, Alexandra Chaytor, Jim Wallace, and Mike Waine. We also thank Matt Rudolf and Piedmont Biofuels of Pittsboro, North Carolina for their contribution of soybean and sunflower cake and Andrew McMahan of Central Carolina Community College of Pittsboro, North Carolina for the use of his grain press. Holly Springs Parks and Recreation Department graciously provided access to their facilities at Bass Lake. Brian McRae and Josh Raabe provided constructive manuscript reviews. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, NCWRC, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100049 ER PT S AU Olive, J Schramm, HL Gerard, PD Irwin, E AF Olive, Jason Schramm, Harold L., Jr. Gerard, Patrick D. Irwin, Elise BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI An Evaluation of Agreement between Pectoral Spines and Otoliths for Estimating Ages of Catfishes SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; GROWTH; RECOMMENDATIONS; ACCURACY AB Otoliths have been shown to provide more accurate ages than pectoral spine sections for several catfish populations, but sampling otoliths requires euthanizing the specimen, whereas spines can be sampled nonlethally. To evaluate whether, and under what conditions, spines provide the same or similar age estimates as otoliths, we examined data sets of individual fish aged from pectoral spines and otoliths for six blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus populations (n = 420), 14 channel catfish I. punctatus populations (n = 997), and 10 flathead catfish Pylodictus olivaris populations (n = 947) from lotic and lentic waters throughout the central and eastern United States. Logistic regression determined that agreement between ages estimated from otoliths and spines was consistently related to age but inconsistently related to growth rate. When modeled at mean growth rate, we found at least 80% probability of no difference in spine- and otolith-assigned ages up to ages 4 and 5 for blue catfish and channel catfish, respectively. For flathead catfish, an 80% probability of agreement between spine- and otolith-assigned ages did not occur at any age due to high incidence of differences in assigned ages even for age-1 fish. Logistic regression models predicted at least 80% probability that spine and otolith ages differed by <= 1 year up to ages 13, 16, and 9 for blue catfish, channel catfish, and flathead catfish, respectively. Age-bias assessment found that mean spine-assigned age differed by less than 1 year from otolith-assigned age up to ages 19, 9, and 17 for blue catfish, channel catfish, and flathead catfish, respectively. These results can be used to help guide decisions about which structure is most appropriate for estimating catfish ages for particular populations and management objectives. C1 [Olive, Jason] Mississippi Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Pk, 272 CR 995, Tupelo, MS 38804 USA. [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Gerard, Patrick D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Irwin, Elise] US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Olive, J (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Pk, 272 CR 995, Tupelo, MS 38804 USA. EM jasono@mdwfp.state.ms.us NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 679 EP 688 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100057 ER PT S AU Kwak, TJ Porath, MT Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH AF Kwak, Thomas J. Porath, Mark T. Michaletz, Paul H. Travnichek, Vincent H. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Catfish Science: Status and Trends in the 21st Century SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID INTRODUCED FLATHEAD CATFISH; SAMPLING CHANNEL CATFISH; MINIMUM LENGTH LIMITS; SAND-BED STREAM; MISSOURI RIVER; BLUE CATFISH; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; HABITAT REHABILITATION; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; SMALL IMPOUNDMENTS AB Catfish science, the study of the fish order Siluriformes, is a diverse and expanding field in terms of advances and breadth of topics. We compiled literature from primary fisheries journals as an index of interest and advances in catfish science to examine temporal trends in the field. The number of catfish scientific publications varied over the past century with strong peaks during 1975-1979 and 2005-2010, which may be the result of interactive scientific and societal influences. Catfish biology was the predominant publication topic until the late 1990s, when ecology, techniques, and management publications became more prevalent. Articles on catfish ecology were most numerous in both the first and second international catfish symposia, but publications on techniques and conservation were more numerous in the second catfish symposium than the first. We summarize the state of knowledge, recent advances, and areas for future attention among topics in catfish science, including sampling and aging techniques, population dynamics, ecology, fisheries management, species diversity, nonnative catfish, and human dimensions, with an emphasis on the gains in this second symposium. Areas that we expect to be pursued in the future are development of new techniques and validation of existing methods; expansion of research to less-studied catfish species; broadening temporal, spatial, and organizational scales; interdisciplinary approaches; and research on societal views and constituent demands. Meeting these challenges will require scientists to span beyond their professional comfort zones to effectively reach higher standards. We look forward to the coming decade and the many advances in the conservation, ecology, and management of catfish that will be shared. C1 [Kwak, Thomas J.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Porath, Mark T.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Michaletz, Paul H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Travnichek, Vincent H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, St Joseph, MO 64507 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Daniel Weaver for assistance in conducting the long-term literature review of catfish science publications presented in this paper. We also wish to express our sincere appreciation to David Buckmeier and Greg Pitchford, the "Catfish 2010" symposium co-chairs, for their outstanding and tireless leadership in organizing the second international catfish symposium and to all the committee chairs and individuals that made the symposium possible. David and Greg also provided constructive reviews that improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. Finally, we applaud the effort of all those that contributed to the symposium proceedings with publication of their science to enhance our understanding and management of catfish worldwide. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 210 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 755 EP 780 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100064 ER PT J AU Aiken, GR Gilmour, CC Krabbenhoft, DP Orem, W AF Aiken, George R. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Krabbenhoft, David P. Orem, William TI Dissolved Organic Matter in the Florida Everglades: Implications for Ecosystem Restoration SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Dissolved organic matter; hydrology; leaching; mercury; nutrients; photochemistry; restoration ID SUBTROPICAL CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; NUTRIENT-REMOVAL-PROJECT; SOUTH FLORIDA; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; CARBON MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; CALCITE PRECIPITATION AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Florida Everglades controls a number of environmental processes important for ecosystem function including the absorption of light, mineral dissolution/precipitation, transport of hydrophobic compounds (e.g., pesticides), and the transport and reactivity of metals, such as mercury. Proposed attempts to return the Everglades to more natural flow conditions will result in changes to the present transport of DOM from the Everglades Agricultural Area and the northern conservation areas to Florida Bay. In part, the restoration plan calls for increasing water flow throughout the Everglades by removing some of the manmade barriers to flow in place today. The land- and water-use practices associated with the plan will likely result in changes in the quality, quantity, and reactivity of DOM throughout the greater Everglades ecosystem. The authors discuss the factors controlling DOM concentrations and chemistry, present distribution of DOM throughout the Everglades, the potential effects of DOM on key water-quality issues, and the potential utility of dissolved organic matter as an indicator of success of restoration efforts. C1 [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Aiken, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov RI Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR823735, R-82 7631]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0451345] FX This report was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey (Priority Ecosystems Studies for South Florida-G. Ronnie Best, Program Executive), the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA/ORD Assistance Agreement CR823735; EPA Star Grant R-82 7631), and the National Science Foundation (DEB 0451345). The authors thank Laurel Larsen and Matt Miller from USGS, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 124 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 53 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 EI 1547-6537 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 41 SU 1 BP 217 EP 248 AR PII 933735105 DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.530934 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723GG UT WOS:000287494000009 ER PT J AU Larsen, L Aumen, N Bernhardt, C Engel, V Givnish, T Hagerthey, S Harvey, J Leonard, L McCormick, P McVoy, C Noe, G Nungesser, M Rutchey, K Sklar, F Troxler, T Volin, J Willard, D AF Larsen, Laurel Aumen, Nicholas Bernhardt, Christopher Engel, Vic Givnish, Thomas Hagerthey, Scot Harvey, Judson Leonard, Lynn McCormick, Paul McVoy, Christopher Noe, Gregory Nungesser, Martha Rutchey, Kenneth Sklar, Fred Troxler, Tiffany Volin, John Willard, Debra TI Recent and Historic Drivers of Landscape Change in the Everglades Ridge, Slough, and Tree Island Mosaic SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Everglades; ridge and slough; tree islands; hydroecology; feedback; landscape patterning ID CONCEPTUAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; ELEOCHARIS-CELLULOSA; WETLAND ECOSYSTEM; TYPHA-DOMINGENSIS; REDOX INTENSITY; SURFACE-WATER AB More than half of the original Everglades extent formed a patterned peat mosaic of elevated ridges, lower and more open sloughs, and tree islands aligned parallel to the dominant flow direction. This ecologically important landscape structure remained in a dynamic equilibrium for millennia prior to rapid degradation over the past century in response to human manipulation of the hydrologic system. Restoration of the patterned landscape structure is one of the primary objectives of the Everglades restoration effort. Recent research has revealed that three main drivers regulated feedbacks that initiated and maintained landscape structure: the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water depths, surface and subsurface flow, and phosphorus supply. Causes of recent degradation include but are not limited to perturbations to these historically important controls; shifts in mineral and sulfate supply may have also contributed to degradation. Restoring predrainage hydrologic conditions will likely preserve remaining landscape pattern structure, provided a sufficient supply of surface water with low nutrient and low total dissolved solids content exists to maintain a rainfall-driven water chemistry. However, because of hysteresis in landscape evolution trajectories, restoration of areas with a fully degraded landscape could require additional human intervention. C1 [Larsen, Laurel; Bernhardt, Christopher; Harvey, Judson; Noe, Gregory; Willard, Debra] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aumen, Nicholas] ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Givnish, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI USA. [Hagerthey, Scot; McCormick, Paul; McVoy, Christopher; Nungesser, Martha; Rutchey, Kenneth; Sklar, Fred] S Florida Water Management Dist, Watershed Management Dept, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Leonard, Lynn] Univ N Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC USA. [Troxler, Tiffany] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Volin, John] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. RP Larsen, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lglarsen@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Hagerthey, Scot/0000-0002-1361-359X; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 NR 152 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 41 SU 1 BP 344 EP 381 AR PII 933737173 DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.531219 PG 38 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723GG UT WOS:000287494000013 ER PT J AU Rivera-Monroy, VH Twilley, RR Davis, SE Childers, DL Simard, M Chambers, R Jaffe, R Boyer, JN Rudnick, DT Zhang, K Castaneda-Moya, E Ewe, SML Price, RM Coronado-Molina, C Ross, M Smith, TJ Michot, B Meselhe, E Nuttle, W Troxler, TG Noe, GB AF Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. Twilley, Robert R. Davis, Stephen E., III Childers, Daniel L. Simard, Marc Chambers, Randolph Jaffe, Rudolf Boyer, Joseph N. Rudnick, David T. Zhang, Keqi Castaneda-Moya, Edward Ewe, Sharon M. L. Price, Rene M. Coronado-Molina, Carlos Ross, Michael Smith, Thomas J., III Michot, Beatrice Meselhe, Ehab Nuttle, William Troxler, Tiffany G. Noe, Gregory B. TI The Role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in Regulating Nutrient Cycling and Wetland Productivity in South Florida SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mangrove; phosphorus; nitrogen; carbon; Florida Bay; soil biogeochemistry; water quality ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE L.; SHARK RIVER ESTUARY; WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION; SEA-LEVEL RISE; COASTAL EVERGLADES; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; LIGHTNING STRIKES; SIMULATION-MODEL AB The authors summarize the main findings of the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) program in the EMER, within the context of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), to understand how regional processes, mediated by water flow, control population and ecosystem dynamics across the EMER landscape. Tree canopies with maximum height 3 m cover 49% of the EMER, particularly in the SE region. These scrub/dwarf mangroves are the result of a combination of low soil phosphorus (P 59 g P g dw-1) in the calcareous marl substrate and long hydroperiod. Phosphorus limits the EMER and its freshwater watersheds due to the lack of terrigenous sediment input and the phosphorus-limited nature of the freshwater Everglades. Reduced freshwater delivery over the past 50years, combined with Everglades compartmentalization and a 10 cm rise in coastal sea level, has led to the landward transgression (1.5 km in 54 years) of the mangrove ecotone. Seasonal variation in freshwater input strongly controls the temporal variation of nitrogen and P exports (99%) from the Everglades to Florida Bay. Rapid changes in nutrient availability and vegetation distribution during the last 50years show that future ecosystem restoration actions and land use decisions can exert a major influence, similar to sea level rise over the short term, on nutrient cycling and wetland productivity in the EMER. C1 [Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.; Twilley, Robert R.; Castaneda-Moya, Edward] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Davis, Stephen E., III] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Simard, Marc] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chambers, Randolph] Coll William & Mary, Keck Environm Lab, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Jaffe, Rudolf; Boyer, Joseph N.; Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Price, Rene M.; Ross, Michael; Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Jaffe, Rudolf; Boyer, Joseph N.; Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Price, Rene M.; Ross, Michael; Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Rudnick, David T.; Coronado-Molina, Carlos] S Florida Water Management Dist, Wetland Watershed Sci Div, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies Earth, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Environm & Int Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Florida SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Michot, Beatrice; Meselhe, Ehab] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Ctr Louisiana Inland Water Studies, Lafayette, LA USA. [Nuttle, William] 1Ecohydrol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Rivera-Monroy, VH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 3209 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM vhrivera@lsu.edu RI Rivera-Monroy, Victor/G-7329-2011; Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013; OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514]; NOAA [NA06NOS4780099]; South Florida Water Management District [4500012650]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Preparation of this material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DBI-0620409 and Grant No. DEB-9910514. Additional funding was provided by NOAA (LSU/Award No. NA06NOS4780099), the South Florida Water Management District (LSU/PO No. 4500012650). Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration LCLUC Program. The authors are indebted to numerous Everglades National Park rangers, technicians, and researchers who have supported their research activities over the years. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This contribution No. 504 of the Southern Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 123 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 71 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 41 SU 1 BP 633 EP 669 AR PII 933734560 DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.530907 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723GG UT WOS:000287494000023 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Jarnevich, CS Shafroth, PB AF Nagler, Pamela L. Glenn, Edward P. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Distribution and Abundance of Saltcedar and Russian Olive in the Western United States SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE area; extent; invasive species interactions; management; Russian olive; saltcedar; tamarisk ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION RESPONSE; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; ELAEAGNUS-ANGUSTIFOLIA; NATIVE POPULUS; NORTH-AMERICA; SEEDLING COMPETITION; INVASIVE SALTCEDAR AB Over the past century, two introduced Eurasian trees, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) have become wide spread on western United States of American (U. S.) rivers. This paper reviews the literature on the following five key areas related to their distribution and abundance in the western United States: (1) the history of introduction, planting, and spread of saltcedar and Russian olive; (2) their current distribution; (3) their current abundance; (4) factors controlling their current distribution and abundance; and (5) models that have been developed to predict their future distribution and abundance. Saltcedar and Russian olive are now the third and fourth most frequently occurring woody riparian plants and the second and fifth most abundant species (out of 42 native and non-native species) along rivers in the western United States. Currently there is not a precise estimate of the areas that these species occupy in the entire West. Climatic variables are important determinants of their distribution and abundance. For example, saltcedar is limited by its sensitivity to hard freezes, whereas Russian olive appears to have a chilling requirement for bud break and seed germination, and can presumably survive colder winter temperatures. Either species can be dominant, co-dominant or sub-dominant relative to native species on a given river system. A number of environmental factors such as water availability, soil salinity, degree of streamflow regulation, and fire frequency can influence the abundance of these species relative to native species. Numerous studies suggest that both species have spread on western rivers primarily through a replacement process, whereby stress-tolerant species have moved into expanded niches that are no longer suitable for mesic native pioneer species. Better maps of current distribution and rigorous monitoring of distributional changes though time can help to resolve differences in predictions of potential future spread. An adequate understanding does not yet exist of what fraction of western riparian zones is resistant to dominance by either of these species, what fraction is at risk and could benefit from intervention, and what fraction has been altered to the point that saltcedar or Russian olive are most likely to thrive. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 S Campus Dr,Rm 123, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov NR 119 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 10 U2 89 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2011 VL 30 IS 6 BP 508 EP 523 DI 10.1080/07352689.2011.615689 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865PW UT WOS:000298323800002 ER PT J AU Grosse, G Jones, BM AF Grosse, G. Jones, B. M. TI Spatial distribution of pingos in northern Asia SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; TUKTOYAKTUK PENINSULA; NORTHWEST TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUND-ICE; PERMAFROST; ALASKA; MOUNDS; PALSAS; CANADA AB Pingos are prominent periglacial landforms in vast regions of the Arctic and Subarctic. They are indicators of modern and past conditions of permafrost, surface geology, hydrology and climate. A first version of a detailed spatial geodatabase of 6059 pingo locations in a 3.5x10(6) km(2) region of northern Asia was assembled from topographic maps. A first order analysis was carried out with respect to permafrost, landscape characteristics, surface geology, hydrology, climate, and elevation datasets using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Pingo heights in the dataset vary between 2 and 37 m, with a mean height of 4.8 m. About 64% of the pingos occur in continuous permafrost with high ice content and thick sediments; another 19% in continuous permafrost with moderate ice content and thick sediments. The majority of these pingos are likely hydrostatic pingos, which are typical of those located in drained thermokarst lake basins of northern lowlands with continuous permafrost. About 82% of the pingos are located in the tundra bioclimatic zone. Most pingos in the dataset are located in regions with mean annual ground temperatures between -3 and -11 degrees C and mean annual air temperatures between -7 and -18 degrees C. The dataset confirms that surface geology and hydrology are key factors for pingo formation and occurrence. Based on model predictions for near-future permafrost distribution, about 2073 pingos (34%) along the southern margins of permafrost will be located in regions with thawing permafrost by 2100, which ultimately may lead to increased occurrence of pingo collapse. Based on our dataset and previously published estimates of pingo numbers from other regions, we conclude that there are more than 11 000 pingos on Earth. C1 [Grosse, G.; Jones, B. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, B. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Grosse, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ggrosse@gi.alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU NASA [NNX08AJ37G] FX This work was partially supported by NASA NNX08AJ37G. We thank V. Romanovsky and S. Marchenko (University of Alaska Fairbanks) for providing maps of future permafrost distribution and maximum active layer depths for northern Eurasia and discussions about impacts of permafrost degradation on pingos. We also thank L. Schirrmeister and Ch. Siegert (AWI Potsdam) as well as J. Galloway and F. Urban (USGS) for friendly reviews of an early version of the manuscript and very constructive comments. N. Ross and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful reviews that further enhanced the paper. NR 86 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 13 EP 33 DI 10.5194/tc-5-13-2011 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 743AU UT WOS:000288988500002 ER PT J AU Graham, J Jarnevich, C Young, N Newman, G Stohlgren, T AF Graham, Jim Jarnevich, Catherine Young, Nick Newman, Greg Stohlgren, Thomas TI How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus in North America? SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eurasian tree sparrows; Passer montanus; Maxent; Climate change; Distribution model ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ECONOMIC COSTS; FARMLAND BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; POPULATION; MAXENT; ERRORS; BIAS AB Habitat suitability models have been used to predict the present and future potential distribution of a variety of species. Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus, native to Eurasia, have established populations in other parts of the world. In North America, their current distribution is limited to a relatively small region around its original introduction to St. Louis, Missouri. We combined data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility with current and future climate data to create habitat suitability models using Maxent for this species. Under projected climate change scenarios, our models show that the distribution and range of the Eurasian tree sparrow could increase as far as the Pacific Northwest and Newfoundland. This is potentially important information for prioritizing the management and control of this non-native species [Current Zoology 57 (5): 648-654, 2011]. C1 [Graham, Jim; Young, Nick; Newman, Greg] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine; Stohlgren, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jim@nrel.colostate.edu RI Graham, Jim/F-4195-2011 FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0636210]; USDA [CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666] FX This was a cooperative study involving Colorado State University and the USGS Fort Collins Science Center. Logistic support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. Dr. Curt Flather, of U.S. Forest Service, provided advice on invasive birds in North America. Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (#OCI-0636210). Dr. Thomas Stohlgren's contribution was partially supported by USDA CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 5 BP 648 EP 654 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 800EX UT WOS:000293343700010 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP AF Hayes, Gavin P. TI Rapid source characterization of the 2011 M-w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Great earthquake; earthquake rupture processes; 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake; source inversion ID SOURCE INVERSION AB On March 11th, 2011, a moment magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck off the coast of northeast Honshu, Japan, generating what may well turn out to be the most costly natural disaster ever. In the hours following the event, the U. S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center led a rapid response to characterize the earthquake in terms of its location, size, faulting source, shaking and slip distributions, and population exposure, in order to place the disaster in a framework necessary for timely humanitarian response. As part of this effort, fast finite-fault inversions using globally distributed body-and surface-wave data were used to estimate the slip distribution of the earthquake rupture. Models generated within 7 hours of the earthquake origin time indicated that the event ruptured a fault up to 300 km long, roughly centered on the earthquake hypocenter, and involved peak slips of 20 m or more. Updates since this preliminary solution improve the details of this inversion solution and thus our understanding of the rupture process. However, significant observations such as the up-dip nature of rupture propagation and the along-strike length of faulting did not significantly change, demonstrating the usefulness of rapid source characterization for understanding the first order characteristics of major earthquakes. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Hayes, Gavin P.] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 12 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2011 VL 63 IS 7 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.5047/eps.2011.05.012 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 854TC UT WOS:000297516400005 ER PT B AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, M. BE Akkar, S Gulkan, P VanEck, T TI Real-Time Seismic Monitoring of Structures: Data Handling and Case Studies SO EARTHQUAKE DATA IN ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY: PREDICTIVE MODELS, DATA MANAGEMENT AND NETWORKS SE Geotechnical Geological and Earthquake Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Within the last decade, advances in the acquisition, processing and transmission of data from real-time seismic monitoring systems has contributed to the growth in the number structures instrumented with such systems. An equally important factor for such growth can be attributed to the demands by stakeholders to find rapid answers to important questions related to the functionality (or "state of health") of structures during and immediately following a seismic event. Hence, rapid and accurate assessment of the damage condition or performance of a building or a lifeline structure is of paramount importance to stakeholders, including owners, leasers, permanent and/or temporary occupants, users of infrastructures, city officials and rescue teams that are concerned with safety of those in the building, and those that may be affected in nearby buildings and infrastructures. In earlier papers, we described how observed data from sensors deployed in structures can be configured to establish seismic health monitoring of structures. In these configurations, drift ratios are the main parametric indicator of damage condition of a building. The process described for buildings can be applied directly for bridges as well. For bridges, the term, "drift ratio" is not generally used; however, relative displacements of critical elements of a bridge can be construed as such. While real-time data from structural arrays indicate that these methods are reliable and provide requisite information for owners and other parties to make informed decisions and to choose among pre-defined actions following significant events, there are several issues related to data ownership, transmission and archiving. This paper examines the real-time seismic monitoring systems deployed mainly in the United States, with particular attention to data issues handling, dissemination, storage, and archiving. In most cases, due to the numerous channels involved, the deployments in each one of the real-time structures can be considered to be an individual array. Two detailed cases are described that demonstrate the variability in data ownership and dissemination. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM celebi@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0151-9 J9 GEOTECH GEOL EARTHQ PY 2011 VL 14 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0152-6_16 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0152-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BTH81 UT WOS:000286948900016 ER PT J AU Cole, KL Ironside, K Eischeid, J Garfin, G Duffy, PB Toney, C AF Cole, Kenneth L. Ironside, Kirsten Eischeid, Jon Garfin, Gregg Duffy, Phillip B. Toney, Chris TI Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate effects modeling; extinct seed vectors; Joshua tree; Mohave Desert; plant migration; Yucca brevifolia ID RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; YUCCA-BREVIFOLIA; LATE QUATERNARY; NORTH-AMERICA; GREENLAND; DIVERGENCE; CALIFORNIA; AGAVACEAE; MUTUALISM; DESERT AB The future distribution of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is projected by combining a geostatistical analysis of 20th-century climates over its current range, future modeled climates, and paleoecological data showing its response to a past similar climate change. As climate rapidly warmed; similar to 11 700 years ago, the range of Joshua tree contracted, leaving only the populations near what had been its northernmost limit. Its ability to spread northward into new suitable habitats after this time may have been inhibited by the somewhat earlier extinction of megafaunal dispersers, especially the Shasta ground sloth. We applied a model of climate suitability for Joshua tree, developed from its 20th-century range and climates, to future climates modeled through a set of six individual general circulation models (GCM) and one suite of 22 models for the late 21st century. All distribution data, observed climate data, and future GCM results were scaled to spatial grids of; similar to 1 km and; similar to 4 km in order to facilitate application within this topographically complex region. All of the models project the future elimination of Joshua tree throughout most of the southern portions of its current range. Although estimates of future monthly precipitation differ between the models, these changes are outweighed by large increases in temperature common to all the models. Only a few populations within the current range are predicted to be sustainable. Several models project significant potential future expansion into new areas beyond the current range, but the species' historical and current rates of dispersal would seem to prevent natural expansion into these new areas. Several areas are predicted to be potential sites for relocation/assisted migration. This project demonstrates how information from paleoecology and modern ecology can be integrated in order to understand ongoing processes and future distributions. C1 [Cole, Kenneth L.] No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ironside, Kirsten] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Eischeid, Jon] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Garfin, Gregg] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Duffy, Phillip B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Merced, CA 94550 USA. [Toney, Chris] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Cole, KL (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, USGS, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM ken_cole@usgs.gov OI Garfin, Gregg/0000-0002-2760-132X FU DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research [MPC35TV-02] FX Funding was received through the DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research project MPC35TV-02. Assistance and discussion were obtained through helpful reviews from T. Esque, T. Minckley, J. Lovich, and anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 71 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1890/09-1800.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741FW UT WOS:000288850200012 PM 21516893 ER PT J AU Cade, BS AF Cade, Brian S. TI Estimating equivalence with quantile regression SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; arsenic remediation; bioequivalence tests; confidence intervals; equivalence tests; mine land reclamation; negligible trends; quantile regression; quantile treatment effects; rank score tests ID SHOW NEGLIGIBLE TREND; ONE-SIDED TESTS; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; BIOEQUIVALENCE; PROBABILITY; US AB Equivalence testing and corresponding confidence interval estimates are used to provide more enlightened statistical statements about parameter estimates by relating them to intervals of effect sizes deemed to be of scientific or practical importance rather than just to an effect size of zero. Equivalence tests and confidence interval estimates are based on a null hypothesis that a parameter estimate is either outside (inequivalence hypothesis) or inside (equivalence hypothesis) an equivalence region, depending on the question of interest and assignment of risk. The former approach, often referred to as bioequivalence testing, is often used in regulatory settings because it reverses the burden of proof compared to a standard test of significance, following a precautionary principle for environmental protection. Unfortunately, many applications of equivalence testing focus on establishing average equivalence by estimating differences in means of distributions that do not have homogeneous variances. I discuss how to compare equivalence across quantiles of distributions using confidence intervals on quantile regression estimates that detect differences in heterogeneous distributions missed by focusing on means. I used one-tailed confidence intervals based on inequivalence hypotheses in a two-group treatment-control design for estimating bioequivalence of arsenic concentrations in soils at an old ammunition testing site and bioequivalence of vegetation biomass at a reclaimed mining site. Two-tailed confidence intervals based both on inequivalence and equivalence hypotheses were used to examine quantile equivalence for negligible trends over time for a continuous exponential model of amphibian abundance. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Cade, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cadeb@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1890/09-2060.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741FW UT WOS:000288850200024 PM 21516905 ER PT J AU Bled, F Royle, JA Cam, E AF Bled, Florent Royle, J. Andrew Cam, Emmanuelle TI Hierarchical modeling of an invasive spread: the Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto in the United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey, BBS; colonization; detectability; Eurasian Collared-Dove; hierarchical modeling; initial colonization; invasive species; recolonization; site occupancy; Streptopelia decaocto ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; INVADING ORGANISMS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; WINBUGS; IMPACTS AB Invasive species are regularly claimed as the second threat to biodiversity. To apply a relevant response to the potential consequences associated with invasions (e. g., emphasize management efforts to prevent new colonization or to eradicate the species in places where it has already settled), it is essential to understand invasion mechanisms and dynamics. Quantifying and understanding what influences rates of spatial spread is a key research area for invasion theory. In this paper, we develop a model to account for occupancy dynamics of an invasive species. Our model extends existing models to accommodate several elements of invasive processes; we chose the framework of hierarchical modeling to assess site occupancy status during an invasion. First, we explicitly accounted for spatial structure and how distance among sites and position relative to one another affect the invasion spread. In particular, we accounted for the possibility of directional propagation and provided a way of estimating the direction of this possible spread. Second, we considered the influence of local density on site occupancy. Third, we decided to split the colonization process into two subprocesses, initial colonization and recolonization, which may be ground-breaking because these subprocesses may exhibit different relationships with environmental variations (such as density variation) or colonization history (e. g., initial colonization might facilitate further colonization events). Finally, our model incorporates imperfection in detection, which might be a source of substantial bias in estimating population parameters. We focused on the case of the Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) and its invasion of the United States since its introduction in the early 1980s, using data from the North American BBS (Breeding Bird Survey). The Eurasian Collared-Dove is one of the most successful invasive species, at least among terrestrial vertebrates. Our model provided estimation of the spread direction consistent with empirical observations. Site persistence probability exhibits a quadratic response to density. We also succeeded at detecting differences in the relationship between density and initial colonization vs. recolonization probabilities. We provide a map of sites that may be colonized in the future as an example of possible practical application of our work. C1 [Bled, Florent; Cam, Emmanuelle] Univ Paul Sabatier, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bled, F (reprint author), Univ Paul Sabatier, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. EM bled@cict.fr OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 71 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 290 EP 302 DI 10.1890/09-1877.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741FW UT WOS:000288850200025 PM 21516906 ER PT J AU Chen, XX Liu, SG Zhu, ZL Vogelmann, J Li, ZP Ohlen, D AF Chen, Xuexia Liu, Shuguang Zhu, Zhiliang Vogelmann, James Li, Zhengpeng Ohlen, Donald TI Estimating aboveground forest biomass carbon and fire consumption in the U.S. Utah High Plateaus using data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Landsat, and LANDFIRE SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Spectral vegetation indicator; Burn severity; Regression tree model; Carbon emissions ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; COVER CLASSIFICATION; BOREAL FORESTS; MODEL; SEVERITY; IMAGERY; VOLUME; ETM+; VALIDATION; DERIVATION AB The concentrations of CO(2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been increasing and greatly affecting global climate and socio-economic systems. Actively growing forests are generally considered to be a major carbon sink, but forest wildfires lead to large releases of biomass carbon into the atmosphere. Aboveground forest biomass carbon (AFBC), an important ecological indicator, and fire-induced carbon emissions at regional scales are highly relevant to forest sustainable management and climate change. It is challenging to accurately estimate the spatial distribution of AFBC across large areas because of the spatial heterogeneity of forest cover types and canopy structure. In this study, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, Landsat, and Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project (LANDFIRE) data were integrated in a regression tree model for estimating AFBC at a 30-m resolution in the Utah High Plateaus. AFBC were calculated from 225 FIA field plots and used as the dependent variable in the model. Of these plots, 10% were held out for model evaluation with stratified random sampling, and the other 90% were used as training data to develop the regression tree model. Independent variable layers included Landsat imagery and the derived spectral indicators, digital elevation model (DEM) data and derivatives, biophysical gradient data, existing vegetation cover type and vegetation structure. The cross-validation correlation coefficient (r value) was 0.81 for the training model. Independent validation using withheld plot data was similar with r value of 0.82. This validated regression tree model was applied to map AFBC in the Utah High Plateaus and then combined with burn severity information to estimate loss of AFBC in the Longston fire of Zion National Park in 2001. The final dataset represented 24 forest cover types for a 4 million ha forested area. We estimated a total of 353 Tg AFBC with an average of 87 MgC/ha in the Utah High Plateaus. We also estimated that 8054 Mg AFBC were released from 2.24 km(2) burned forest area in the Longston fire. These results demonstrate that an AFBC spatial map and estimated biomass carbon consumption can readily be generated using existing database. The methodology provides a consistent, practical, and inexpensive way for estimating AFBC at 30-m resolution over large areas throughout the United States. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Xuexia; Li, Zhengpeng] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chen, XX (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xuchen@usgs.gov OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.03.013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 687AM UT WOS:000284745900017 ER PT J AU Kim, YO Lee, EJ AF Kim, Yong Ok Lee, Eun Ju TI Comparison of phenolic compounds and the effects of invasive and native species in East Asia: support for the novel weapons hypothesis SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Allelopathy; Antimicrobial; Invasive plant; Native plant; Phenolic compound ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; PLANT INVASIONS; LEAF EXTRACTS; ALLELOPATHY; GROWTH; ACIDS; MECHANISM; SUCCESS; (+/-)-CATECHIN AB One prediction of the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH) for the dominance of exotic invasive plant species is that the allelopathic effects of successful invaders will, in general, be more biochemically inhibitory to native species and microbes in invaded regions than the native plants themselves. However, no study has compared biochemical concentrations, compositions, or effects of large numbers of native species to those of large numbers of invasive species. In this context we tested the allelopathic and antimicrobial potentials of nine native plant species and nine invasive species in East Asia by comparing their broad phenolic contents and the effects of extracts made from each of the species on target plants and soil fungi. Three of the invasive species, including Eupatorium rugosum, had higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds than any of the native species, and the mean concentration of total phenolics for invasive species was 2.6 times greater than the mean for native species. Only scopoletin was novel to the invasive species, being found in all of nine invasive species, but not in the native species. More importantly, the effects of the total suites of phenolic compounds produced by invasive species differed from the effects of phenolics produced by natives. Extracts of invasive species reduced radicle growth of the three test plant species by 60-80%, but extracts of native species reduced radicle growth by only 30-50%. Extracts of invasive species reduced shoot growth of the three test species by 20-40%, but the overall effect of native species' extract was to stimulate shoot growth. The antimicrobial activity of invasive species was also significantly higher than that of native species. It should be noted that phenolics are just one component of a plant's potential allelopathic arsenal and non-phenolic compounds are likely to play a role in the total extract effect. For example, extracts of P. americana contained the lowest levels of phenolic compounds, but exhibited the strongest inhibition effect. We could not determine whether the greater inhibitory effects of the extracts from invasive species were due to novel combinations of chemicals or higher concentrations of chemicals, but our results are consistent with the predictions of the NWH. C1 [Lee, Eun Ju] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Kim, Yong Ok] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kim, Yong Ok] US Geol Survey, WFRC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lee, EJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM ejlee@snu.ac.kr FU BK 21 Research Fellowship FX This work was supported by the BK 21 Research Fellowship. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s11284-010-0762-7 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 709IO UT WOS:000286431900010 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Harrison, S Damschen, EI AF Grace, James B. Harrison, Susan Damschen, Ellen I. TI Local richness along gradients in the Siskiyou herb flora: R. H. Whittaker revisited SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; community size; diversity; elevation; gradient; Klamath-Siskiyou; local species richness; regional species richness; R. H. Whittaker; serpentine; structural equation model; topography ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; ABUNDANCE-EXTINCTION DYNAMICS; MULTIVARIATE MODEL; COMMUNITY BIOMASS; BOREAL FOREST; GALL WASPS; DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; SCALE; FIRE AB In his classic study in the Siskiyou Mountains (Oregon, USA), one of the most botanically rich forested regions in North America, R. H. Whittaker (1960) foreshadowed many modern ideas on the multivariate control of local species richness along environmental gradients related to productivity. Using a structural equation model to analyze his data, which were never previously statistically analyzed, we demonstrate that Whittaker was remarkably accurate in concluding that local herb richness in these late-seral forests is explained to a large extent by three major abiotic gradients (soils, topography, and elevation), and in turn, by the effects of these gradients on tree densities and the numbers of individual herbs. However, while Whittaker also clearly appreciated the significance of large-scale evolutionary and biogeographic influences on community composition, he did not fully articulate the more recent concept that variation in the species richness of local communities could be explained in part by variation in the sizes of regional species pools. Our model of his data is among the first to use estimates of regional species pool size to explain variation in local community richness along productivity-related gradients. We find that regional pool size, combined with a modest number of other interacting abiotic and biotic factors, explains most of the variation in local herb richness in the Siskiyou biodiversity hotspot. C1 [Harrison, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Damschen, Ellen I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu RI Damschen, Ellen/E-4919-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542451] FX We thank L. L. Olsvig-Whittaker and the Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections for access to Robert Whittaker's data. We thank M. Brown, T. Hoang, K. Moore, and K. Torres for data entry. D. Johnson provided helpful assistance with some of the statistical programming. We thank H. Cornell for invaluable discussions. J. Carnicer and an anonymous reviewer helped improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation DEB-0542451. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 56 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1890/09-2137.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 750MS UT WOS:000289552200013 PM 21560681 ER PT J AU Sato, T Watanabe, K Kanaiwa, M Niizuma, Y Harada, Y Lafferty, KD AF Sato, Takuya Watanabe, Katsutoshi Kanaiwa, Minoru Niizuma, Yasuaki Harada, Yasushi Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy flow; indirect effect; manipulative parasite; Nematomorpha; riparian ecosystem; Japan ID FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; HAIRWORMS NEMATOMORPHA; TROPHIC CASCADES; FRESH-WATER; PREY; STREAM; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; CONSEQUENCES AB Parasites are ubiquitous in natural systems and ecosystem-level effects should be proportional to the amount of biomass or energy flow altered by the parasites. Here we quantified the extent to which a manipulative parasite altered the flow of energy through a forest-stream ecosystem. In a Japanese headwater stream, camel crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) were 20 times more likely to enter a stream if infected by a nematomorph parasite (Gordionus spp.), corroborating evidence that nematomorphs manipulate their hosts to seek water where the parasites emerge as free-living adults. Endangered Japanese trout (Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus) readily ate these infected orthopterans, which due to their abundance, accounted for 60% of the annual energy intake of the trout population. Trout grew fastest in the fall, when nematomorphs were driving energy-rich orthopterans into the stream. When infected orthopterans were available, trout did not eat benthic invertebrates in proportion to their abundance, leading to the potential for cascading, indirect effects through the forest-stream ecosystem. These results provide the first quantitative evidence that a manipulative parasite can dramatically alter the flow of energy through and across ecosystems. C1 [Sato, Takuya] Nara Womens Univ, KYOUSEI Sci Ctr Life & Nat, Nara 6308506, Japan. [Watanabe, Katsutoshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Zool, Div Biol Sci,Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kanaiwa, Minoru] Tokyo Univ Agr, Fac Bioind, Abashiri, Hokkaido 0992493, Japan. [Niizuma, Yasuaki] Meijo Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Environm Zool, Nagoya, Aichi 4689502, Japan. [Harada, Yasushi] Mie Univ, Fac Bioresources, Lab Fish Populat Dynam, Tsu, Mie 5140102, Japan. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Sato, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM takuya@species.jp RI Watanabe, Katsutoshi/H-3414-2011; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant [19-515] FX We thank K. Wada, Y. Yusa, Y. Taniguchi, K. D. Fausch, T. Lefevre, J. Shaw, and S. Cooper for comments on our draft paper; A. Ichikawa and A. Schmidt-Rhaesa for their species identification of orthopterans and nematomorphs, respectively; N. Oji, N. Suzuki, H. Maruyama, and H. Yamada for their assistance in the field survey; and the Nara Prefecture Board of Education, local governments, and the fisheries cooperative near the study area for approving the field survey. This research was supported in part by Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant (number 19-515) in 2007. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 9 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1890/09-1565.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 750MS UT WOS:000289552200022 PM 21560690 ER PT B AU Niemuth, ND AF Niemuth, Neal D. BE Sandercock, BK Martin, K Segelbacher, G TI Spatially Explicit Habitat Models for Prairie Grouse SO ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUSE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE conservation; Greater Prairie-Chicken; landscape ecology; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; scale; Sharp-tailed Grouse; spatially explicit habitat model ID SHARP-TAILED GROUSE; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; CHICKENS TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; RING-NECKED PHEASANTS; CONNECTIVITY MEASURES; NEST SUCCESS; LAND-USE; FRAGMENTED POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS AB Loss, fragmentation, and isolation of grassland habitat have greatly reduced the range and numbers of prairie grouse (Tympanuchus spp.) across North America. Because prairie grouse are resident, area-sensitive species with relatively limited dispersal abilities, landscape characteristics such as the amount, types, and configuration of habitat influence the presence, abundance, and persistence of prairie grouse populations. Therefore, a landscape approach that uses spatially explicit models to guide prairie grouse conservation is both appropriate and necessary. To be effective for conservation, landscape models must incorporate prairie grouse biology, be developed at appropriate scales, and use accurate data with spatial and thematic resolution that are sufficiently fine to target sites for specific conservation actions. Uncertainties regarding the ecology of prairie grouse need to be addressed, including the form of relationships between the amount of habitat and the presence, density, and persistence of prairie grouse; and how landscape characteristics influence local movements, dispersal, and gene flow. Because many spatially explicit landscape models are developed using lek data, additional information is needed as to what lek counts represent to local prairie grouse populations. Adoption and implementation of a landscape approach to prairie grouse conservation will require that management perspectives be broadened to explicitly include landscapes and that development of landscape models shifts, at least in part, from the realm of research to that of management. Successful conservation of prairie grouse will require resolution of substantial socioeconomic and political obstacles, as well as an increased commitment from the conservation community to broad-scale habitat conservation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team 3425, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team 3425, Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM neal_niemuth@fws.gov NR 128 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95057-3; 978-0-520-27006-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 39 BP 3 EP 20 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BZU73 UT WOS:000303012700002 ER PT J AU Kaczor, NW Herman-Brunson, KM Jensen, KC Rumble, MA Klaver, RW Swanson, CC AF Kaczor, Nicholas W. Herman-Brunson, Katie M. Jensen, Kent C. Rumble, Mark A. Klaver, Robert W. Swanson, Christopher C. BE Sandercock, BK Martin, K Segelbacher, G TI Resource Selection During Brood-Rearing by Greater Sage-Grouse SO ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUSE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE brood-rearing habitat; Centrocercus urophasianus; Greater Sage-Grouse; North Dakota; resource selection; sagebrush; South Dakota ID HABITAT USE; VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; VEGETATION; MOVEMENTS; DENSITY; CHICKS; IDAHO AB Understanding population dynamics and resource selection is crucial in developing wildlife resource management plans for sensitive species such as Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Little is known about sage grouse habitats on the eastern edge of their range. We investigated resource selection of Greater Sage-Grouse during brood-rearing in North and South Dakota during 2005-2007. Resource selection models suggested sage grouse females with broods selected sites with increased vegetative cover and grass height. Composition of forbs at brood-rearing sites has been identified as important elsewhere, but we found little support for a difference in forbs between brood and random sites. Despite being sagebrush obligates, sage grouse females with broods selected areas with low sagebrush cover. Brood habitats with increased invertebrate abundance and protective cover have been shown to increase sage grouse productivity. Land managers on the eastern edge of Greater Sage-Grouse range could focus on protecting critical brood-rearing areas by maintaining at least 67% herbaceous cover and 33 cm of grass height in association with sagebrush for sage-grouse broods. C1 [Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jensen, Kent C.; Swanson, Christopher C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv Rocky Mt, Forest & Grassland Res Lab, Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Kaczor, NW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuge Planning, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. EM nick_kaczor@fws.gov; kbrunson@ccsd.k12.wy.us; kent.jensen@sdstate.edu; mrumble@fs.fed.us; bklaver@usgs.gov; chris_swanson@fws.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95057-3 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 39 BP 169 EP 177 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BZU73 UT WOS:000303012700013 ER PT J AU Rudolf, VHW Lafferty, KD AF Rudolf, V. H. W. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Stage structure alters how complexity affects stability of ecological networks SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Body size; complex life cycle; diversity-stability; extinction; food web; host-parasite; ontogenetic niche shift; predator-prey; species richness ID MODEL FOOD WEBS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; BODY-SIZE; PARASITES; BIODIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; CANNIBALISM AB P>Resolving how complexity affects stability of natural communities is of key importance for predicting the consequences of biodiversity loss. Central to previous stability analysis has been the assumption that the resources of a consumer are substitutable. However, during their development, most species change diets; for instance, adults often use different resources than larvae or juveniles. Here, we show that such ontogenetic niche shifts are common in real ecological networks and that consideration of these shifts can alter which species are predicted to be at risk of extinction. Furthermore, niche shifts reduce and can even reverse the otherwise stabilizing effect of complexity. This pattern arises because species with several specialized life stages appear to be generalists at the species level but act as sequential specialists that are hypersensitive to resource loss. These results suggest that natural communities are more vulnerable to biodiversity loss than indicated by previous analyses. C1 [Rudolf, V. H. W.] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, UC, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Rudolf, VHW (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM volker.rudolf@rice.edu RI Rudolf, Volker/B-7913-2009; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Rudolf, Volker/0000-0002-9214-2000; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 49 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 9 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01558.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694MO UT WOS:000285302500012 PM 21114747 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Cutting, KA AF Warren, Jeffrey M. Cutting, Kyle A. TI Breeding strategy and organochlorine contamination of eggs in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; Contaminant; Endogenous reserve; Lesser scaup; Organochlorine compound; Stable isotope ID SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; FISH-EATING BIRDS; GREAT-LAKES; CLUTCH FORMATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; OVO EXPOSURE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; AMERICAN KESTRELS AB We explored relationships between breeding strategy and contaminant importation and depuration into lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) eggs. Our primary hypothesis was that females accumulate organochlorine (OC) contaminants in lipid reserves obtained on wintering and spring staging areas and depurate those contaminants into eggs on the breeding area proportional to the amount of endogenous reserves used for egg formation. Egg collection occurred at Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, in 2006 for contaminant and stable isotope analysis. Eggs were assayed for 22 lipophilic OCs and endogenous lipid reserves for each egg were estimated using carbon (delta(13)C) stable isotope values. Of the 22 OC analytes tested for, only p,p'-DDE was detected in all samples, oxychlordane was detected in 56%, and no other OC analytes tested for were detected in > 50% of samples. The mean percent contribution of endogenous reserves to egg lipids in scaup was 37.9 +/- A 0.05%, ranging from 0-88.2%. We found little support for the hypothesized relationship between breeding strategy and egg contaminant levels. No significant trend was observed for endogenous reserves and egg contaminant levels of p,p'-DDE or oxychlordane (R (2) < 0.01, P = 0.792; R (2) < 0.01, P = 0.674, respectively). Thus, our results did not indicate that breeding females are importing contaminants from wintering or spring staging areas and depurating those contaminants into their clutches. C1 [Warren, Jeffrey M.; Cutting, Kyle A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lima, MT 59739 USA. RP Warren, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 27650B S Valley Rd, Lima, MT 59739 USA. EM jeffrey_warren@fws.gov FU Waterfowl Research Foundation, Inc; USFWS Ecological Services (ES), Helena, Montana FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The manuscript was improved by comments from 2 anonymous reviewers. Financial support was provided by Waterfowl Research Foundation, Inc, and USFWS Ecological Services (ES), Helena, Montana. K. Nelson (USFWS-ES) provided equipment and expertise to aid with contaminant sample preparation. K. Jones provided helpful assistance with statistical analyses. We would also like to thank our technicians, K. C. Cutting, Y. Karagitcheva, and A. Phillips. Lastly, we thank the staff of Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge for their logistical support. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s10646-010-0561-5 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 703TH UT WOS:000286003700012 PM 21080226 ER PT J AU Elliott, DG AF Elliott, D. G. BE Farrell, AP TI The Many Functions of Fish Integument SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MECHANISMS; MUCUS; SKIN C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9 PY 2011 BP 471 EP 475 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700057 ER PT J AU Elliott, DG AF Elliott, D. G. BE Farrell, AP TI Functional Morphology of the Integumentary System in Fishes SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; SCALES; VERTEBRATES; EVOLUTION; TISSUES C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9 PY 2011 BP 476 EP 488 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700058 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD AF McCormick, S. D. BE Farrell, AP TI The Hormonal Control of Osmoregulation in Teleost Fish SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMON C1 USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9 PY 2011 BP 1466 EP 1473 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700179 ER PT J AU Castro-Santos, T AF Castro-Santos, T. BE Farrell, AP TI Applied Aspects of Fish Swimming Performance SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOCKEYE-SALMON C1 USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9 PY 2011 BP 1652 EP 1663 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700202 ER PT J AU Quintero, K Martinez, M Hackley, P Marquez, G Garban, G Esteves, I Escobar, M AF Quintero, K. Martinez, M. Hackley, P. Marquez, G. Garban, G. Esteves, I. Escobar, M. TI Organic Geochemical Investigation and Coal-bed Methane Characteristics of the Guasare Coals (Paso Diablo Mine, Western Venezuela) SO ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; coal-bed gas; Guasare bituminous coal; Paso Diablo mine; western Venezuela ID CARBONACEOUS SHALES; EARLY DIAGENESIS; BASIN; MARINE; PETROLOGY; DEPOSITS; ORIGIN; RATIOS; MATTER; OILS AB The aim of this work was to carry out a geochemical study of channel samples collected from six coal beds in the Marcelina Formation (Zulia State, western Venezuela) and to determine experimentally the gas content of the coals from the Paso Diablo mine. Organic geochemical analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and isotopic analyses on-line in coalbed gas samples were performed. The results suggest that the Guasare coals were deposited in a continental environment under highly dysoxic and low salinity conditions. The non-detection of 18 alpha(H)-oleanane does not preclude that the organic facies that gave rise to the coals were dominated by angiosperms. In addition, the presence of the sesquiterpenoid cadalene may indicate the subordinate contribution of gymnosperms (conifers) in the Paleocene Guasare mire. The average coalbed gas content obtained was 0.6 cm(3)/g. delta C-13 and delta D values indicate that thermogenic gas is prevalent in the studied coals. C1 [Quintero, K.; Martinez, M.; Garban, G.] Cent Univ Cent Venezuela, Inst Ciencias Tierra, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela. [Hackley, P.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Marquez, G.] Univ Huelva, Dept Ingn Minera Mecan & Energet, Huelva, Spain. [Esteves, I.] Inst Zuliano Invest Tecnol INZIT, Maracaibo, Venezuela. [Escobar, M.] CARBOZULIA, Maracaibo, Venezuela. RP Martinez, M (reprint author), Cent Univ Cent Venezuela, Inst Ciencias Tierra, Caracas 3895, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela. EM manuel.martinez@ciens.ucv.ve RI Marquez, Gonzalo/E-8732-2016 OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551; Marquez, Gonzalo/0000-0002-9925-2800 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-7036 EI 1556-7230 J9 ENERG SOURCE PART A JI Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Util. Environ. Eff. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 10 BP 959 EP 971 DI 10.1080/15567030903330728 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 732OQ UT WOS:000288197100007 ER PT J AU Ela, WP Sedlak, DL Barlaz, MA Henry, HF Muir, DCG Swackhamer, DL Weber, EJ Arnold, RG Ferguson, PL Field, JA Furlong, ET Giesy, JP Halden, RU Henry, T Hites, RA Hornbuckle, KC Howard, PH Luthy, RG Meyer, AK Saez, AE vom Saal, FS Vulpe, CD Wiesner, MR AF Ela, Wendell P. Sedlak, David L. Barlaz, Morton A. Henry, Heather F. Muir, Derek C. G. Swackhamer, Deborah L. Weber, Eric J. Arnold, Robert G. Ferguson, P. Lee Field, Jennifer A. Furlong, Edward T. Giesy, John P. Halden, Rolf U. Henry, Tala Hites, Ronald A. Hornbuckle, Keri C. Howard, Philip H. Luthy, Richard G. Meyer, Anita K. Saez, A. Eduardo vom Saal, Frederick S. Vulpe, Chris D. Wiesner, Mark R. TI Toward Identifying the Next Generation of Superfund and Hazardous Waste Site Contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE contaminants of emerging concern; emerging contaminant; hazardous waste site; Superfund ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; WATER TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; GREAT-LAKES; HOUSE-DUST AB BACKGROUND: This commentary evolved from a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences titled "Superfund Contaminants: The Next Generation" held in Tucson, Arizona, in August 2009. All the authors were workshop participants. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to initiate a dynamic, adaptable process for identifying contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that are likely to be found in future hazardous waste sites, and to identify the gaps in primary research that cause uncertainty in determining future hazardous waste site contaminants. DISCUSSION: Superfund-relevant CECs can be characterized by specific attributes: They are persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic, occur in large quantities, and have localized accumulation with a likelihood of exposure. Although still under development and incompletely applied, methods to quantify these attributes can assist in winnowing down the list of candidates from the universe of potential CECs. Unfortunately, significant research gaps exist in detection and quantification, environmental fate and transport, health and risk assessment, and site exploration and remediation for CECs. Addressing these gaps is prerequisite to a preventive approach to generating and managing hazardous waste sites. CONCLUSIONS: A need exists for a carefully considered and orchestrated expansion of programmatic and research efforts to identify, evaluate, and manage CECs of hazardous waste site relevance, including developing an evolving list of priority CECs, intensifying the identification and monitoring of likely sites of present or future accumulation of CECs, and implementing efforts that focus on a holistic approach to prevention. C1 [Ela, Wendell P.; Arnold, Robert G.; Saez, A. Eduardo] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sedlak, David L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barlaz, Morton A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Henry, Heather F.] NIEHS, Superfund Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Swackhamer, Deborah L.] Univ Minnesota, Environm Hlth Sci Water Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Weber, Eric J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Ferguson, P. Lee; Wiesner, Mark R.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Field, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Halden, Rolf U.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ USA. [Halden, Rolf U.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Henry, Tala] US EPA, Natl Program Chem Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hites, Ronald A.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Hornbuckle, Keri C.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Howard, Philip H.] Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. [Luthy, Richard G.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Meyer, Anita K.] USA, Environm & Munit Ctr Expertise, Corps Engineers, Omaha, NE USA. [vom Saal, Frederick S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vulpe, Chris D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ela, WP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way,POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM wela@engr.arizona.edu RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Hornbuckle, Keri/A-8155-2008; Ferguson, Lee/A-5501-2013; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010; Saez, Avelino/K-1136-2016; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Hornbuckle, Keri/0000-0002-3478-3221; Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361; Saez, Avelino/0000-0002-3548-6325; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42-ES04940] FX Support for the workshop, from which this article evolved, was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program (P42-ES04940). NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 66 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 119 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002497 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 701BI UT WOS:000285788900017 PM 21205582 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Hunt, KM AF Miranda, Leandro E. Hunt, Kevin M. TI An index of reservoir habitat impairment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Reservoirs; Habitat management; Fish; Index ID MANAGEMENT; STREAMS; SCALE AB Fish habitat impairment resulting from natural and anthropogenic watershed and in-lake processes has in many cases reduced the ability of reservoirs to sustain native fish assemblages and fisheries quality. Rehabilitation of impaired reservoirs is hindered by the lack of a method suitable for scoring impairment status. To address this limitation, an index of reservoir habitat impairment (IRHI) was developed by merging 14 metrics descriptive of common impairment sources, with each metric scored from 0 (no impairment) to 5 (high impairment) by fisheries scientists with local knowledge. With a plausible range of 5 to 25, distribution of the IRHI scores ranged from 5 to 23 over 482 randomly selected reservoirs dispersed throughout the USA. The IRHI reflected five impairment factors including siltation, structural habitat, eutrophication, water regime, and aquatic plants. The factors were weakly related to key reservoir characteristics including reservoir area, depth, age, and usetype, suggesting that common reservoir descriptors are poor predictors of fish habitat impairment. The IRHI is rapid and inexpensive to calculate, provides an easily understood measure of the overall habitat impairment, allows comparison of reservoirs and therefore prioritization of restoration activities, and may be used to track restoration progress. The major limitation of the IRHI is its reliance on unstandardized professional judgment rather than standardized empirical measurements. C1 [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hunt, Kevin M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 172 IS 1-4 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1329-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 689VU UT WOS:000284959400016 PM 20182913 ER PT J AU Dybowska, AD Croteau, MN Misra, SK Berhanu, D Luoma, SN Christian, P O'Brien, P Valsami-Jones, E AF Dybowska, Agnieszka D. Croteau, Marie-Noele Misra, Superb K. Berhanu, Deborah Luoma, Samuel N. Christian, Paul O'Brien, Paul Valsami-Jones, Eugenia TI Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Zinc oxide; Nanoparticles; Stable isotopes; Particle labeling; Dietborne exposure ID ZINC ACETATE DIHYDRATE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PARTICLE SOLUBILITY; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; TOXICITY; TIO2; SIZE; BIOACCUMULATION; NANOTECHNOLOGY AB Understanding the behavior of engineered nanoparticles in the environment and within organisms is perhaps the biggest obstacle to the safe development of nanotechnologies. Reliable tracing is a particular issue for nanoparticles such as ZnO, because Zn is an essential element and a common pollutant thus present at elevated background concentrations. We synthesized isotopically enriched (89.6%) with a rare isotope of Zn (Zn-67) ZnO nanoparticles and measured the uptake of Zn-67 by L. stagnalis exposed to diatoms amended with the particles. Stable isotope technique is sufficiently sensitive to determine the uptake of Zn at an exposure equivalent to lower concentration range (<15 mu g g(-1)). Without a tracer, detection of newly accumulated Zn is significant at Zn exposure concentration only above 5000 mu g g-1 which represents some of the most contaminated Zn conditions. Only by using a tracer we can study Zn uptake at a range of environmentally realistic exposure conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dybowska, Agnieszka D.; Misra, Superb K.; Berhanu, Deborah; Luoma, Samuel N.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Christian, Paul; O'Brien, Paul] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Dybowska, AD (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM a.dybowska@nhm.ac.uk RI Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016; OI Dybowska, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8927-0159 FU NERC under the Environmental Nanoscience Initiative [NE/E01500X/1]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this work was provided by NERC grant NE/E01500X/1 under the Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors thank Gordon Cressey and Jens Najorka from the Mineral Sciences group at Natural History Museum for their assistance with XRD and Lauren Howard from the EMMA laboratories at Natural History Museum for assistance with SEM/TEM work. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 159 IS 1 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 692CR UT WOS:000285129600035 PM 20940078 ER PT J AU Spivak, M Mader, E Vaughan, M Euliss, NH AF Spivak, Marla Mader, Eric Vaughan, Mace Euliss, Ned H., Jr. TI The Plight of the Bees SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; APIS-MELLIFERA; LAND-USE; POLLINATORS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; HONEYBEE; DISTURBANCE; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA C1 [Spivak, Marla] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mader, Eric; Vaughan, Mace] Xerces Soc Invertebrate Conservat, Portland, OR USA. [Euliss, Ned H., Jr.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. RP Spivak, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM spiva001@umn.edu FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) [2009-85118-05718, 2010-65615-20631] FX Funding support to M.S. was provided by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Managed Pollinator Coordinated Agricultural Project 2009-85118-05718, and to M.S. and N.H.E., Jr. by a USDA NIFA AFRI Competitive Grant 2010-65615-20631. We also thank Scott Hoffman Black and Sarina Jepsen of the Xerces Society for their feedback. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 13 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1021/es101468w PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699RA UT WOS:000285679300008 PM 20839858 ER PT J AU Janssen, EML Oen, AMP Luoma, SN Luthy, RG AF Janssen, Elisabeth M-L Oen, Amy M. P. Luoma, Samuel N. Luthy, Richard G. TI ASSESSMENT OF FIELD-RELATED INFLUENCES ON POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURES AND SORBENT AMENDMENT USING POLYCHAETE BIOASSAYS AND PASSIVE SAMPLER MEASUREMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bioavailability; Remediation; Sediment; Passive sampler; Polychlorinated biphenyls ID ACTIVATED CARBON; MACOMA-BALTHICA; PAH BIOAVAILABILITY; NEANTHES-ARENACEODENTATA; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; PCB BIOAVAILABILITY; MARINE SEDIMENT; REDUCE PCB; PORE-WATER; BIOACCUMULATION AB Field related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure were evaluated by employing caged deposit feeders Neanthes arenaceodentata along with polyoxymethylene (POM) samplers using parallel in situ and e situ bioassays with homogenized untreated or activated carbon (AC) amended sediment The AC amendment achieved a remedial efficiency in reducing bioaccumulation by 90% in the laboratory and by 44% in the field transplants In situ measurements showed that PCB uptake by POM samplers was greater for POM placed in the surface sediment compared with the underlying AC amendment suggesting that tidal exchange of surrounding material with similar PCB availability as untreated sediment was redeposited in the cages Polychlorinated biphenyls bioaccumulation with caged polychaetes from untreated sediment was half as large under field conditions compared with laboratory conditions A biodynamic model was used to confirm and quantify the different processes that could hive influenced these results Three factors appeared most influential in the bioassays AC amendment significantly reduces bioavailability under laboratory and field conditions sediment deposition within test cages in the field partially masks the remedial benefit of underlying AC amended sediment and deposit feeders exhibit less PCB uptake from untreated sediment when feeding is reduced Ex situ and in situ experiments inevitably show some differences that are associated with measurement methods and effects of the environment Parallel ex situ and in situ bioassays passive sampler measurements and quantifying important processes with a model can tease apart these field influences Environ Toxicol Chem 2011 30 173-180 (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Janssen, Elisabeth M-L; Luthy, Richard G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Oen, Amy M. P.] Norwegian Geotech Inst, Dept Environm Technol, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. [Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Janssen, Elisabeth/K-4246-2012 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER 1552] FX Project funding was provided through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP ER 1552) NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1002/etc.367 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 701JM UT WOS:000285814200017 PM 20872900 ER PT B AU Krankina, ON Pflugmacher, D Hayes, DJ McGuire, AD Hansen, MC Hame, T Elsakov, V Nelson, P AF Krankina, Olga N. Pflugmacher, Dirk Hayes, Daniel J. McGuire, A. David Hansen, Matthew C. Hame, Tuomas Elsakov, Vladimir Nelson, Peder BE Gutman, G Reissel, A TI Vegetation Cover in the Eurasian Arctic: Distribution, Monitoring, and Role in Carbon Cycling SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; FOREST COVER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; AVHRR DATA; MODIS DATA; DATA SETS; LAND; PRODUCTS; MAP; CLIMATE AB Comparison of several recent, publicly available and widely used land-cover products for the Eurasian Arctic revealed important differences in their representations of vegetation distribution. Such disparities have important implications for models that use these products as driving data sets to monitor vegetation and its role in carbon dynamics. The differences between GLC-2000 and MODIS.PFT are concentrated at borders between biomes, as well as in parts of the region where a significant presence of open-canopy vegetation is expected. In these two maps, tree cover is represented more consistently than shrub or herbaceous cover, and the MODIS.VCF product corroborates the general pattern of tree-cover distribution. The comparison of the MODIS.VCF and AVHRR.VCF maps over northeastern Europe indicates good agreement in the south with increasing disagreement further north primarily due to differences in definitions of the mapped variables. The analysis of land-cover maps at two Landsat validation sites showed different patterns of agreement and disagreement. At the forest dominated St. Petersburg site, the GLC-2000 and MODIS.PFT classifications both exaggerated tree cover and under-reported shrub and herbaceous vegetation. At the tundra site (Komi), the over-reporting of tree cover by GLC-2000 and the failure of MODIS.PFT to separate shrub and herbaceous vegetation were the major issues in representing the overall land cover. A simple analysis that extrapolated results of biogeochemical modeling showed that a very different picture of the regional carbon balance emerges when different vegetation maps are used as model inputs. C1 [Krankina, Olga N.; Pflugmacher, Dirk; Nelson, Peder] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hansen, Matthew C.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hame, Tuomas] Tech Res Ctr Finland, Helsinki 02044, Finland. [Elsakov, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Syktyvkar 167610, Russia. RP Krankina, ON (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM krankinao@fsl.orst.edu; Dirk.Pflugmacher@oregonstate.edu; Daniel.Hayes@alaska.edu; admcguire@alaska.edu; Matthew.Hansen@sdstate.edu; tuomas.hame@vtt.fi; elsakov@ib.komisc.ru; Peder.Nelson@oregonstate.edu NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9117-8 PY 2011 BP 79 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BSD75 UT WOS:000284236100005 ER PT J AU Boyle, WA Conway, CJ Bronstein, JL AF Boyle, W. Alice Conway, Courtney J. Bronstein, Judith L. TI Why do some, but not all, tropical birds migrate? A comparative study of diet breadth and fruit preference SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diet; Elevational gradient; Fruit preference; Interspecific competition; Nutrient limitation; Resource variability ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; NORTH-AMERICAN-BIRDS; FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS; ALTITUDINAL MIGRATION; HUMMINGBIRD COMMUNITY; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; SWITCHING BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL VARIATION; EATING BIRDS; COSTA-RICA AB Annual migrations of birds profoundly influence terrestrial communities. However, few empirical studies examine why birds migrate, in part due to the difficulty of testing causal hypotheses in long-distance migration systems. Short-distance altitudinal migrations provide relatively tractable systems in which to test explanations for migration. Many past studies explain tropical altitudinal migration as a response to spatial and temporal variation in fruit availability. Yet this hypothesis fails to explain why some coexisting, closely-related frugivorous birds remain resident year-round. We take a mechanistic approach by proposing and evaluating two hypotheses (one based on competitive exclusion and the other based on differences in dietary specialization) to explain why some, but not all, tropical frugivores migrate. We tested predictions of these hypotheses by comparing diets, fruit preferences, and the relationships between diet and preference in closely-related pairs of migrant and resident species. Fecal samples and experimental choice trials revealed that sympatric migrants and residents differed in both their diets and fruit preferences. Migrants consumed a greater diversity of fruits and fewer arthropods than did their resident counterparts. Migrants also tended to have slightly stronger fruit preferences than residents. Most critically, diets of migrants more closely matched their preferences than did the diets of residents. These results suggest that migrants may be competitively superior foragers for fruit compared to residents (rather than vice versa), implying that current competitive interactions are unlikely to explain variation in migratory behavior among coexisting frugivores. We found some support for the dietary specialization hypothesis, propose refinements to the mechanism underlying this hypothesis, and discuss how dietary specialization might ultimately reflect past interspecific competition. We recommend that future studies quantify variation in nutritional content of tropical fruits, and determine whether frugivory is a consequence or a cause of migratory behaviour. C1 [Boyle, W. Alice; Bronstein, Judith L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Boyle, W. Alice] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Boyle, WA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM aboyle7@uwo.ca; cconway@ag.arizona.edu; judieb@email.arizona.edu RI Boyle, W. Alice/G-1872-2010 OI Boyle, W. Alice/0000-0002-2880-142X FU National Science Foundation [0410531]; NSERC; International Arid Lands Consortium; American Ornithologists' Union; University of Arizona FX H. Reider, R. Repasky L., Cholodenko, A. Zambrano, and J. Montoya-Morera, and provided exceptional field assistance. B. Boyle, B. Hammel, F. Morales, N. Zamora, C. Taylor, R. Kriebel, J. Gonzalez, and O. Vargas helped identify plants. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0410531), an NSERC (PGS-B) fellowship, the International Arid Lands Consortium, the American Ornithologists' Union, and the University of Arizona. A. Bien, R. Tenorio, J. Guevara (MINAE permit #154-2002), and the University of Arizona IACUC (permit 02-068) provided permits and logistical support. R. Steidl, D. Levey, T. Fontaine, R. Greenberg and anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s10682-010-9403-4 PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 724UA UT WOS:000287600500015 ER PT B AU Whitman, RL Nevers, MB Przybyla-Kelly, K Byappanahalli, MN AF Whitman, Richard L. Nevers, Meredith B. Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. BE Sadowsky, MJ Whitman, RL TI PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA IN SURFACE WATER SO FECAL BACTERIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; BEACH SAND; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; NEARSHORE WATER; COASTAL WATER; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS C1 [Whitman, Richard L.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 185 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-608-7 PY 2011 BP 111 EP 134 PG 24 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BSR24 UT WOS:000285533600006 ER PT B AU Sadowsky, MJ Whitman, RL AF Sadowsky, Michael J. Whitman, Richard L. BE Sadowsky, MJ Whitman, RL TI CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE USE OF FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA FOR MONITORING WATER QUALITY AND PROTECTING HUMAN HEALTH SO FECAL BACTERIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA MICROARRAYS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCE; NEARSHORE WATER; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SOIL; ENTEROCOCCI C1 [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-608-7 PY 2011 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BSR24 UT WOS:000285533600013 ER PT J AU Lutz, JA Key, CH Kolden, CA Kane, JT van Wagtendonk, JW AF Lutz, James A. Key, Carl H. Kolden, Crystal A. Kane, Jonathan T. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. TI FIRE FREQUENCY, AREA BURNED, AND SEVERITY: A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO DEFINING A NORMAL FIRE YEAR SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differenced Normalized Burn Ratio; fire severity; fire severity normals; Sierra Nevada; Weibull distribution; Yosemite National Park AB Fire frequency, area burned, and fire severity are important attributes of a fire regime, but few studies have quantified the interrelationships among them in evaluating a fire year. Although area burned is often used to summarize a fire season, burned area may not be well correlated with either the number or ecological effect of fires. Using the Landsat data archive, we examined all 148 wildland fires (prescribed fires and wildfires) >40 ha from 1984 through 2009 for the portion of the Sierra Nevada centered on Yosemite National Park, California, USA. We calculated mean fire frequency and mean annual area burned from a combination of field- and satellite-derived data. We used the continuous probability distribution of the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) values to describe fire severity. For fires >40 ha, fire frequency, annual area burned, and cumulative severity were consistent in only 13 of 26 years (50%), but all pair-wise comparisons among these fire regime attributes were significant. Borrowing from long-established practice in climate science, we defined "fire normals" to be the 26 year means of fire frequency, annual area burned, and the area under the cumulative probability distribution of dNBR. Fire severity normals were significantly lower when they were aggregated by year compared to aggregation by area. Cumulative severity distributions for each year were best modeled with Weibull functions (all 26 years, r(2) >= 0.99; P < 0.001). Explicit modeling of the cumulative severity distributions may allow more comprehensive modeling of climate-severity and area-severity relationships. Together, the three metrics of number of fires, size of fires, and severity of fires provide land managers with a more comprehensive summary of a given fire year than any single metric. C1 [Lutz, James A.; Kane, Jonathan T.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Key, Carl H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Kolden, Crystal A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Lutz, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlutz@uw.edu FU US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program (Climate change impacts on burn severity in three forest ecoregions of the US) FX We thank Stephen Howard for assistance with MTBS processing, Jay Miller for discussions about Sierra Nevada fire history and data, and Kent van Wagtendonk and Yosemite National Park for data and data management. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program (Climate change impacts on burn severity in three forest ecoregions of the US). Previous versions of this manuscript were improved by comments from Nate Benson, Kim Keating, Janine Powell, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0702051 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VH UT WOS:000208707800005 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Ennen, JR Madrak, SV Loughran, CL Meyer, KP Arundel, TR Bjurlin, CD AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ennen, Joshua R. Madrak, Sheila V. Loughran, Caleb L. Meyer, Katherin P. Arundel, Terence R. Bjurlin, Curtis D. TI LONG-TERM POST-FIRE EFFECTS ON SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT OF FEMALE AGASSIZ'S DESERT TORTOISES (GOPHERUS AGASSIZII) AT A WIND ENERGY FACILITY NEAR PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agassiz's desert tortoise; California; fire effects; Gopherus agassizii; movement; reproduction; Sonoran Desert; wind energy AB We studied the long-term response of a cohort of eight female Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) during the first 15 years following a large fire at a wind energy generation facility near Palm Springs, California, USA. The fire burned a significant portion of the study site in 1995. Tortoise activity areas were mapped using minimum convex polygons for a proximate post-fire interval from 1997 to 2000, and a long-term post-fire interval from 2009 to 2010. In addition, we measured the annual reproductive output of eggs each year and monitored the body condition of tortoises over time. One adult female tortoise was killed by the fire and five tortoises bore exposure scars that were not fatal. Despite predictions that tortoises would make the short-distance movements from burned to nearby unburned habitats, most activity areas and their centroids remained in burned areas for the duration of the study. The percentage of activity area burned did not differ significantly between the two monitoring periods. Annual reproductive output and measures of body condition remained statistically similar throughout the monitoring period. Despite changes in plant composition, conditions at this site appeared to be suitable for survival of tortoises following a major fire. High productivity at the site may have buffered tortoises from the adverse impacts of fire if they were not killed outright. Tortoise populations at less productive desert sites may not have adequate resources to sustain normal activity areas, reproductive output, and body conditions following fire. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Ennen, Joshua R.; Loughran, Caleb L.; Arundel, Terence R.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ennen, Joshua R.] Maryville Coll, Dept Biol, Maryville, TN 37804 USA. [Madrak, Sheila V.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Meyer, Katherin P.] San Bernardino Natl Forest, Lytle Creek, CA 92358 USA. [Bjurlin, Curtis D.] Wind Capital Grp, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr,MS 9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU California Energy Commission; California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM; Joshua Tree National Park FX Many people assisted us during the course of this study. Field support for this project was provided by interns from the Student Conservation Association and by volunteers too numerous to list. Special thanks to R. Daniels, R Griese, M. Massar, and G. Wright for their long commitment to the support of our project. M. Westbrooks and K. Madsen allowed us to use their veterinary facilities to process X-radiographs. C. Porter and A. Burvick of the Flagstaff Medical Center also provided access to processing facilities. Meaghan Meulblok and Mirza Agha assisted with manuscript preparation. Research was supported by the California Energy Commission, California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM, and Joshua Tree National Park. Research was conducted under permits from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the BLM. We are grateful to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Northern Arizona University for reviewing and approving our research procedures. Earlier versions of the manuscript benefitted greatly from comments offered by T. Esque and M. Brooks. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 3 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0703075 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VI UT WOS:000208707900007 ER PT J AU Brehme, CS Clark, DR Rochester, CJ Fisher, RN AF Brehme, Cheryl S. Clark, Denise R. Rochester, Carlton J. Fisher, Robert N. TI WILDFIRES ALTER RODENT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ACROSS FOUR VEGETATION TYPES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chaetodipus; chaparral; coastal sage scrub; Dipodomys; grassland; Neotoma; Peromyscus; small mammals; wildfire; woodland AB We surveyed burned and unburned plots across four habitat reserves in San Diego County, California, USA, in 2005 and 2006, to assess the effects of the 2003 wildfires on the community structure and relative abundance of rodent species. The reserves each contained multiple vegetation types (coastal sage scrub, chaparral, woodland, and grassland) and spanned from 250 m to 1078 m in elevation. Multivariate analyses revealed a more simplified rodent community structure in all burned habitats in comparison to unburned habitats. Reduction in shrub and tree cover was highly predictive of changes in post-fire rodent community structure in the burned coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats. Reduction in cover was not predictive for the less substantially burned woodlands and grasslands, for which we hypothesized that interspecific competition played a greater role in post-fire community structure. Across vegetation types, generalists and open habitat specialists typically increased in relative abundance, whereas closed habitat specialists decreased. We documented significant increases in relative abundance of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner) and Dulzura kangaroo rat (Dipodomys simulans Merriam). In contrast, we found significant decreases in relative abundance for the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus Gambel), San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax Merriam), desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida Thomas), and brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii Baird). Currently, our research program involves assessment of whether habitat conservation plans (HCPs) in southern California provide long-term protection to HCP covered species, as well as preserve ecosystem function. The scenario of increased wildfires needs to be incorporated into this assessment. We discuss our results in relation to management and conservation planning under a future scenario of larger and more frequent wildfires in southern California. C1 [Brehme, Cheryl S.; Clark, Denise R.; Rochester, Carlton J.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Brehme, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM cbrehme@usgs.gov; drclark@usgs.gov FU San Diego MSCP Initiative; California Department of Fish and Game; The Nature Conservancy; United States Fish and Wildlife Services; United States Geological Survey; San Diego Association of Governments-TransNet Environmental Management Program FX The journal editor and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. This manuscript also benefitted from reviews by M.E. Mueller, D. Schwilk, J. Yee, and R. Klinger. We thank Dr. J. Yee for statistical advice. For site access, we thank all four land managers (T. Dillingham of California Department of Fish and Game; J. Stowers, B. Thompson, and J. Rundell of San Diego County Parks and Recreation Department; I. Kay of Elliott Chaparral Reserve; and J. Schlachter and J. Byergo of Bureau of Land Management). For their efforts in the field and in the office, we thank S. Hathaway, T. Matsuda, M. Mendelsohn, S. Schuster, D. Stokes, G. Turschak, and D. Wood. Funding for this project was provided in part by the San Diego MSCP Initiative, California Department of Fish and Game, The Nature Conservancy, United States Fish and Wildlife Services, United States Geological Survey, and the San Diego Association of Governments-TransNet Environmental Management Program. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Geological Survey. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 39 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0702081 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VH UT WOS:000208707800007 ER PT J AU Margolis, EQ Swetnam, TW Allen, CD AF Margolis, Ellis Q. Swetnam, Thomas W. Allen, Craig D. TI HISTORICAL STAND-REPLACING FIRE IN UPPER MONTANE FORESTS OF THE MADREAN SKY ISLANDS AND MOGOLLON PLATEAU, SOUTHWESTERN USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire history; mixed conifer; quaking aspen; spruce-fir; tree ring ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; ARIZONA; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; FREQUENCY; CLIMATE; ASPENS AB The recent occurrence of large fires with a substantial stand-replacing component in the southwestern United States (e. g., Cerro Grande, 2000; Rodeo-Chedeski, 2002; Aspen, 2003; Horseshoe 2, Las Conchas, and Wallow, 2011) has raised questions about the historical role of stand-replacing fire in the region. We reconstructed fire dates and stand-replacing fire patch sizes using four lines of tree-ring evidence at four upper montane forest sites (>2600 m) in the Madrean Sky Islands and Mogollon Plateau of Arizona and New Mexico, USA. The four lines of tree-ring evidence include: (1) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and spruce-fir age structure, (2) conifer death dates, (3) traumatic resin ducts and ring-width changes, and (4) conifer fire scars. Pre-1905 fire regimes in the upper montane forest sites were variable, with drier, south-facing portions of some sites recording frequent, low-severity fire (mean fire interval of all fires ranging from 5 yr to 11 yr among sites), others burning with stand-replacing severity, and others with no evidence of fire for >300 yr. Reconstructed fires at three of the four sites (Pinaleno Mountains, San Francisco Peaks, and Gila Wilderness) had stand-replacing fire patches >200 ha, with maximum patch sizes ranging from 286 ha in mixed conifer-aspen forests to 521 ha in spruce-fir forests. These data suggest that recent stand-replacing fire patches as large as 200 ha to 500 ha burning in upper elevation (>2600 m) mixed conifer-aspen and spruce-fir forests may be within the historical range of variability. C1 [Margolis, Ellis Q.; Swetnam, Thomas W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Margolis, EQ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, 105 W Stadium, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ellisqm@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184 FU US Geological Survey, through the USGS Biological Resources Division, Global Change Program [99CRAG0024]; University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research [99CRAG0024] FX This project was funded by Cooperative Agreement No. 99CRAG0024 between the US Geological Survey, through the USGS Biological Resources Division, Global Change Program, and the University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. Thanks to M. Zummwalt, J. Iniguez, R. Adams, A. Fitzwater, C. Farris, R. Franklin, M. Villarreal, C. Baisan, and K. Morino for help with data collection, sample preparation, sample dating, and participation in discussions of the ideas presented. We would also like to thank Dr. Peter Z. Fule and three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on this manuscript. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 25 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 3 BP 88 EP 107 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0703088 PG 20 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VI UT WOS:000208707900008 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Pilliod, DS AF Hossack, Blake R. Pilliod, David S. TI AMPHIBIAN RESPONSES TO WILDFIRE IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: EMERGING PATTERNS FROM SHORT-TERM STUDIES SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; conservation; decline; fire effects; forest management; fragmentation; life history strategies; population; wildfire AB The increased frequency and severity of large wildfires in the western United States is an important ecological and management issue with direct relevance to amphibian conservation. Although the knowledge of fire effects on amphibians in the region is still limited relative to most other vertebrate species, we reviewed the current literature to determine if there are evident patterns that might be informative for conservation or management strategies. Of the seven studies that compared pre- and post-wildfire data on a variety of metrics, ranging from amphibian occupancy to body condition, two reported positive responses and five detected negative responses by at least one species. Another seven studies used a retrospective approach to compare effects of wildfire on populations: two studies reported positive effects, three reported negative effects from wildfire, and two reported no effects. All four studies that included plethodontid salamanders reported negative effects on populations or individuals; these effects were greater in forests where fire had been suppressed and in areas that burned with high severity. Species that breed in streams are also vulnerable to post-wildfire changes in habitat, especially in the Southwest. Wildfire is also important for maintaining suitable habitat for diverse amphibian communities, although those results may not be evident immediately after an area burns. We expect that wildfire will extirpate few healthy amphibian populations, but it is still unclear how populations will respond to wildfire in the context of land management (including pre-and post-fire timber harvest) and fragmentation. Wildfire may also increase the risk of decline or extirpation for small, isolated, or stressed (e.g., from drought or disease) populations. Improved understanding of how these effects vary according to changes in fire frequency and severity are critical to form more effective conservation strategies for amphibians in the western United States. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX Comments by B. Rieman, S. Corn, M. Sredl, W. Lowe, two anonymous reviewers, and the editor improved the manuscript. J. Welty helped with figure 1. This work was supported by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 129 EP 144 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0702129 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VH UT WOS:000208707800010 ER PT J AU Kaczynski, KM Beatty, SW van Wagtendonk, JW Marshall, KN AF Kaczynski, Kristen M. Beatty, Susan W. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Marshall, Kristin N. TI BURN SEVERITY AND NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abies concolor; Abies magnifica; bull thistle; burn severity; Cirsium vulgare; non-native plants; Yosemite National Park AB We examined non-native species density three years after the Tuolumne Fire, which burned 1540 ha in upper montane forest in California, USA. We sampled 60 plots, stratified by burn severity (low, moderate, or high severity) and landscape position (lowland or upland). We detected non-native species in 8 of 11 (73 %) of high severity lowland sites and in 5 of 10 (50 %) of moderate severity lowland sites but, overall, richness and abundance was low. We detected only five non-native species, of which bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare [Savi] Ten.) was the most common. Although non-native abundance is currently low, we recommend continued low intensity monitoring, especially on high severity burned lowland sites. C1 [Kaczynski, Kristen M.; Beatty, Susan W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Marshall, Kristin N.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Marshall, Kristin N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forestry Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kaczynski, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Campus Box 260, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Kristen.Kaczynski@colostate.edu FU National Park Service Sierra Nevada Inventory and Monitoring Network FX Thank you to A. Leeman for assistance in data collection, and T. Veblen, T. Seastedt, K. McShea, and M. Rose for comments on the initial thesis. We also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers, who greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Park Service Sierra Nevada Inventory and Monitoring Network. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0702145 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VH UT WOS:000208707800011 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE Schill, WB AF Starliper, Clifford E. Schill, William B. BE Woo, PTK Bruno, DW TI Flavobacterial Diseases: Columnaris Disease, Coldwater Disease and Bacterial Gill Disease SO FISH DISEASES AND DISORDERS, VOL 3: VIRAL, BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHONDROITIN AC LYASE; COLD-WATER DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; FRY SYNDROME; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; CYTOPHAGA-PSYCHROPHILA C1 [Starliper, Clifford E.; Schill, William B.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X NR 152 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-554-2 PY 2011 BP 606 EP 631 DI 10.1079/9781845935542.0606 D2 10.1079/9781845935542.0000 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BVY86 UT WOS:000293175200018 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Marjara, IS Batts, W Kurath, G Hansen, JD AF Purcell, Maureen K. Marjara, Inderjit Singh Batts, William Kurath, Gael Hansen, John D. TI Transcriptome analysis of rainbow trout infected with high and low virulence strains of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microarray; Gene expression; Interferon; Translation; Transcription; Host cell shutoff ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; HOST GENE-EXPRESSION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MATRIX PROTEIN; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; FACTOR-ALPHA; CELL-LINE; RNA; PATHOGENESIS; RHABDOVIRUS AB There are three main genetic lineages or genogroups of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in N. America. Strains representing the M genogroup are more virulent in rainbow trout relative to the U genogroup. In this study, we used microarray analysis to evaluate potential mechanisms responsible for host-specific virulence in rainbow trout that were given intraperitoneal injections of buffer or a representative M or U type virus strain. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to assess viral load and gene expression of select immune genes. Viral load was significantly higher in trout infected with the M virus starting at 24 h post-infection (p.i.) and continuing until 72 h p.i. Microarray analysis of the 48 h time point revealed 153 up-regulated and 248 down-regulated features in response to M virus infection but only 62 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated features following U virus infection. Translation and transcription features were among the most frequent down-regulated features in response to M virus infection and may be associated with the host cell shutoff phenomenon. A greater host cell shutoff response by the M virus may facilitate subversion of the host cell transcriptional machinery and enhance viral replication, suggesting the M virus may be better optimized to manipulate the rainbow trout transcriptional and translational machinery. Anti-viral associated features were the most commonly up-regulated features. A common set of features were up-regulated in both the M and U infection groups, but were induced to a higher magnitude in the M infection group. Gene expression of the anti-viral genes Mx-1 and Vig-1 was correlated but not entirely dependent on viral load in the anterior kidney. Slower replication of the U virus may allow the host more time to induce protective anti-viral immune mechanisms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Marjara, Inderjit Singh; Batts, William; Kurath, Gael; Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Marjara, Inderjit Singh] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35204-17393, 2003-35205-15072]; European Commission [007103] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the technical assistance of Ma. Michelle Penaranda, Tera Matson (WFRC-USGS) and David Metzger (NMFS-NOAA). Rainbow trout were kindly provided by Dr. Scott LaPatra (Clear Spring Foods, Inc.) We thank the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health, and the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative for use of their bioinformatics computational cluster. We thank the University of Washington Center for Expression Arrays (CEA) for their assistance in the microarray analysis, particularly Rob Hall. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Ben Koop and the GRASP group (University of Victoria) for making the Atlantic salmon microarray and methodology available to the research community. The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35204-17393 and grant number 2003-35205-15072. Dr. Marjara's work was funded by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Program; project "IMAQUANIM" No. 007103. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.09.007 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 715SF UT WOS:000286905800011 PM 20883797 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Sherry, TW Harris, J AF Brown, David R. Sherry, Thomas W. Harris, James TI Hurricane Katrina impacts the breeding bird community in a bottomland hardwood forest of the Pearl River basin, Louisiana SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Birds; Coastal forest; Disturbance; Gulf coast; Hurricanes; Katrina; Louisiana ID TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM SWAMPS; GULF-COAST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES; AVIFAUNA; WETLANDS; GILBERT AB We monitored breeding bird communities and vegetation both before and after Hurricane Katrina category 2 winds severely damaged extensive bottomland hardwood forest of the Pearl River basin, south Louisiana. Many trees were felled by wind, most others were stripped of leaves and branches, and the canopy opened considerably (57%). Blackberry thickets sprouted and expanded to cover almost all of what was previously a patchily open forest understory. The bird community changed distinctively following the hurricane, driven primarily by increased density of species that prefer dense understory (regenerating) habitat. Individual species that increased significantly in density included one year-round resident, Carolina wren, and five breeding migrants, white-eyed vireo, Swainson's warbler, Kentucky warbler, hooded warbler, and yellow-breasted chat. These patterns were predictable responses to the opened canopy and increased density of understory vegetation. However, over three years following the storm, most species, especially canopy breeders, showed no distinct numerical response to the hurricane, which suggests that the initial bird community was resistant to hurricane disturbance. Only one species. Acadian flycatcher, declined significantly after the hurricane, presumably because of loss of its preferred open understory breeding and feeding habitat. Our results thus document and reinforce the important role hurricanes play along the Gulf coast in structuring forest bird communities by altering understory habitat. We expect habitat changes will continue as invasive plant species further change forest community structure, and as large storms increase in frequency in relation to global climate change. Thus, we also expect continued changes to the bird community, which may include additional future declines. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, David R.] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [Sherry, Thomas W.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Harris, James] Bayou Lacombe Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacombe, LA 70445 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 521 Lancaster Ave, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. EM david.brown@eku.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0089541]; USFWS FX We are grateful for the hard work of various field technicians including Kate Fournier, Nathan Hodgkins, Isaac Kremsky, Bryan Sigel, and Shannon Tanner. We also thank employees of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for assistance with trail clearing. Support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0089541) and USFWS. Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.038 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 692DP UT WOS:000285132000013 ER PT S AU Jean, C Shanahan, E Daley, R DeNitto, G Reinhart, D Schwartz, C AF Jean, Cathie Shanahan, Erin Daley, Rob DeNitto, Gregg Reinhart, Dan Schwartz, Chuck BE Keane, RE Tomback, DF Murray, MP Smith, CM TI Monitoring White Pine Blister Rust Infection and Mortality in Whitebark Pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO FUTURE OF HIGH-ELEVATION, FIVE-NEEDLE WHITE PINES IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA: PROCEEDINGS OF THE HIGH FIVE SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High 5 Symposium on the Future of High-Elevation, 5-Needle White Pines in Western North America CY JUN 28-30, 2010 CL Missoula, MT SP Crater Lake Inst, Crater Lake Natl Hist Assoc, Greater Yellowstone Pk Inventory & Monitor Network, Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resources Defense Council, Pk Canada, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosystem Studies Unit, Sierra Nevada Inventory & Monitor Network, Nat Conservancy, Upper Columbia Basin Inventory & Monitor Network, Univ Montana Coll Forestry & Conservat, US Forest Serv, No Region, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn C1 [Jean, Cathie; Shanahan, Erin; Daley, Rob] NPS Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [DeNitto, Gregg] USDA Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, Missoula, MT USA. [Reinhart, Dan] NPS Yellowstone Natl Pk, Mammoth, WY USA. [Schwartz, Chuck] US Geol Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Jean, C (reprint author), NPS Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA SN 1945-0672 J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2011 VL 63 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG8OL UT WOS:000392553300038 ER PT J AU Cress, JJ Sloan, JL Hutt, ME AF Cress, Jill J. Sloan, Jeff L. Hutt, Michael E. TI Implementation of unmanned aircraft systems by the US Geological Survey SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE unmanned aircraft systems; USGS UAS Project Office AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Project Office is leading the implementation of UAS technology in anticipation of transforming the research methods and management techniques employed across the Department of the Interior. UAS technology is being made available to monitor environmental conditions, analyse the impacts of climate change, respond to natural hazards, understand landscape change rates and consequences, conduct wildlife inventories and support related land management missions. USGS is teaming with the Department of the Interior Aviation Management Directorate (AMD) to lead the safe and cost-effective adoption of UAS technology by the Department of the Interior Agencies and USGS scientists. C1 [Cress, Jill J.; Sloan, Jeff L.; Hutt, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cress, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jjcress@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1080/10106049.2010.533199 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V27RT UT WOS:000208631000006 ER PT J AU Thomas, JP Fisher, GB Chandler, LA Angeli, KM Wheeler, DJ Glover, RP Schenck-Gardner, EJ Wiles, SE Lindley, CF Peccini, MB AF Thomas, James P. Fisher, Gary B. Chandler, Lisbeth A. Angeli, Kim M. Wheeler, Douglas J. Glover, Robert P. Schenck-Gardner, Elizabeth J. Wiles, Steve E. Lindley, Carolyn F. Peccini, Michael B. TI Using remote sensing and imagery exploitation to monitor the dynamics of East Timbalier Island, LA: 2000-2010 SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE coast; Gulf of Mexico; erosion; hurricane impacts; restoration; wetlands AB In 1999, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service and the State of Louisiana jointly undertook the restoration of East Timbalier, a barrier island along a sediment-starved portion of the Gulf of Mexico coast of Louisiana. High-resolution overhead imagery was used to monitor the course of this restoration effort. This article describes the changes in area and movement of East Timbalier Island and compares these changes with the previous measurements. Between 2000 and 2010, East Timbalier Island lost 52-66% of its area and moved northwards 12-105 m/year. The area of East Timbalier Island is less today than at any time since 1887. Understanding of the physical processes in nature that control the size, shape and movement of the island, as well as the human impacts that have hastened its degradation, is critical for accomplishing any future restoration. C1 [Thomas, James P.; Peccini, Michael B.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fisher, Gary B.; Chandler, Lisbeth A.; Angeli, Kim M.; Wheeler, Douglas J.; Glover, Robert P.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Schenck-Gardner, Elizabeth J.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NESDIS Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39525 USA. [Wiles, Steve E.] Lockheed Martin, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Lindley, Carolyn F.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thomas, JP (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM james.thomas@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 613 EP 632 DI 10.1080/10106049.2011.623791 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V27SC UT WOS:000208631900003 ER PT S AU Lund, K Aleinikoff, JN Evans, KV AF Lund, Karen Aleinikoff, John N. Evans, Karl V. BE Arnaud, E Halverson, GP ShieldsZhou, G TI The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA SO GEOLOGICAL RECORD OF NEOPROTEROZOIC GLACIATIONS SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; WESTERN LAURENTIA; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; POCATELLO FORMATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHERN UTAH; HAMILL GROUP; GLACIATION; INITIATION; MOUNTAINS AB In central Idaho, Neoproterozoic stratified rocks are engulfed by the Late Cretaceous Idaho batholith and by Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Challis event. Studied sections in the Gospel Peaks and Big Creek areas of west-central Idaho are in roof pendants of the Idaho batholith. A drill core section studied from near Challis, east-central Idaho, lies beneath the Challis Volcanic Group and is not exposed at the surface. Metamorphic and deformational overprinting, as well as widespread dismembering by the younger igneous rocks, conceals many primary details. Despite this, these rocks provide important links for regional correlations and have produced critical geochronological data for two Neoproterozoic glacial periods in the North American Cordillera. At the base of the section, the more than 700-m-thick Edwardsburg Formation (Fm.) contains interlayered diamictite and volcanic rocks. There are two diamictite-bearing members in the Edwardsburg Fm. that are closely related in time. Each of the diamictites is associated with intermediate composition tuff or flow rocks and the diamictites are separated by mafic volcanic rocks. SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicates that the lower diamictite is about 685 +/- 7 Ma, whereas the upper diamictite is 684 +/- 4 Ma. The diamictite units are part of a cycle of rocks from coarse clastic, to fine clastic, to carbonate rocks that, by correlation to better preserved sections, are thought to record an older Cryogenian glacial to interglacial period in the northern US Cordillera. The more than 75-m-thick diamictite of Daugherty Gulch is dated at 664 +/- 6 Ma. This unit is preserved only in drill core and the palaeoenvironmental interpretation and local stratigraphic relations are non-unique. Thus, the date for this diamictite may provide a date for a newly recognized glaciogenic horizon or may be a minimum age for the diamictite in the Edwardsburg Fm. The c. 1000-m-thick Moores Lake Fm. is an amphibolite facies diamictite in which glacial features have not been observed. However, it is part of a sedimentary cycle from unsorted siliclastic deposits to mud and carbonate deposits. Using lithostratigraphy and available geochronology, the Moores Lake Fm. is correlated with a younger succession of Cryogenian glaciogenic rocks in southeastern Idaho. Traditional correlations of Neoproterozoic rocks in the Cordillera recognize two levels of Cryogenian diamictites. The Edwardsburg and Moores Lake diamictites along the middle Cordillera fit well into the scenario of two glacial events. Because of the correlations, dates that provide ages for the diamictites in central Idaho (and corroborated in southeastern Idaho, Link & Fanning 2008) could constrain the age of correlated glaciogenic deposits elsewhere in the Cordillera. However, in the absence of dates for the glaciogenic diamictites in Canadian and southern US Cordilleran sections, the correlations are considered possible but uncertain. C1 [Lund, Karen; Aleinikoff, John N.; Evans, Karl V.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lund, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,Fed Ctr Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM klund@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-334-9 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2011 VL 36 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1144/M36.39 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA BZA05 UT WOS:000300897200039 ER PT J AU Markewich, HW Wysocki, DA Pavich, MJ Rutledge, EM AF Markewich, Helaine W. Wysocki, Douglas A. Pavich, Milan J. Rutledge, E. Moye TI Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, U.S.A. SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID INTERSTRATIFIED KAOLINITE-SMECTITE; LOESS-DERIVED SOILS; RIVER VALLEY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; UNITED-STATES; EASTERN ARKANSAS; PARENT MATERIAL; DRIFTLESS AREA; NORTH-AMERICA; SEA-LEVEL AB For more than a century, the Sangamon paleosol (the Sangamon) has been an integral part of geologic and pedologic investigations in the central United States, including the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri River Valleys. Compositional, pedologic, micromorphologic, stratigraphic, and age data indicate that the prominent reddish paleosol developed in silt-rich deposits of the Lower Mississippi Valley, from southernmost Illinois to northwestern Mississippi, represents multiple periods of soil formation, and is wholly or in part time equivalent to the Sangamon of the central United States. Thermoluminescence data, for localities where the Sangamon developed in loess, indicate that the primary period of loess deposition was from 190 to 130 ka (oxygen isotope stage, OIS6), that loess deposition continued intermittently from 130 to 74 ka (OIS5), and that deposition was wholly or in part coeval with Loveland loess deposition in the central United States. Beryllium-10, chemical, and pedologic data indicate that in the Lower Mississippi Valley: (1) the Sangamon represents a minimum time period of 60-80 k.y.; (2) there were at least two periods of soil formation, ca. 130-90 ka and 74-58 ka (OIS4); and (3) rates of weathering and pedogenesis equaled or exceeded the net loess-accumulation rate until at least 46 ka (OIS3) and resulted in development of a paleosol in the overlying basal Roxana Silt. Along a N-S transect from southern Illinois to western Mississippi, Sangamon macroscopic characteristics as well as the micromorphology, chemistry, and mineralogy, suggest a regional paleoclimate during periods of soil formation that: (1) was warm to hot, with a wider range in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration than present; (2) had seasonal to decadal or longer periods of drought; and (3) had down-valley (southward) trends of increasing temperature and precipitation and decreasing seasonality and variation in annual to decadal precipitation. C1 [Markewich, Helaine W.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [Wysocki, Douglas A.] Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Pavich, Milan J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rutledge, E. Moye] Univ Arkansas, Emeritus Fac, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Markewich, HW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM helainem@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Global Change and Climate History program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We are indebted to the many staff of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service and of the U. S. Geological Survey who participated in field and laboratory work and to the landowners who allowed access to their properties. We particularly want to thank P. B. Maat and H. T. Millard, formerly with the U. S. Geological Survey Luminescence Dating Laboratory, who accompanied us in the field and provided the thermoluminescence (TL) age data for the Lower Mississippi Valley samples. The original manuscript benefited greatly from reviews by Kevin A. Kincare of the U. S. Geological Survey, David A. Grimley of the Illinois State Geological Survey, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 121 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.1130/B30208.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699XL UT WOS:000285696100002 ER PT J AU Conrad, JE Hein, JR Chaudhuri, AK Patranabis-Deb, S Mukhopadhyay, J Deb, GK Beukes, NJ AF Conrad, James E. Hein, James R. Chaudhuri, Asru K. Patranabis-Deb, Sarbani Mukhopadhyay, Joydip Deb, Gautam Kumar Beukes, Nicolas J. TI Constraints on the development of Proterozoic basins in central India from Ar-40/Ar-39 analysis of authigenic glauconitic minerals SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID K-AR AGES; PENINSULAR INDIA; PENGANGA GROUP; SOUTH-INDIA; VINDHYAN SUPERGROUP; OCEAN CHEMISTRY; DHARWAR CRATON; ANDHRA-PRADESH; EVOLUTION; ZIRCON AB Ages of some key stratigraphic sequences in central Indian Proterozoic basins are based predominantly on lithostratigraphic relationships that have been constrained by only a few radioisotopic dates. To help improve age constraints, single grains of glauconitic minerals taken from sandstone and limestone in two Proterozoic sequences in the Pranhita-Godavari Valley and the Chattisgarh basin were analyzed by the Ar-40/Ar-39 incremental heating method. Analysis of the age spectra distinguishes between ages that are interpreted to reflect the time of glauconite formation, and anomalous ages that result from inherited argon or postcrystallization heating. The analyses indicate an age of 1686 +/- 6 Ma for the Pandikunta Limestone and 1566 +/- 6 Ma for the Ramgundam Sandstone, two units in the western belt of Proterozoic sequences in Pranhita-Godavari Valley. Glauconite from the Chanda Limestone, in the upper part of this sequence, contains inherited Ar-40 but is interpreted to reflect an age of ca. 1200 Ma. Glauconite from the Somanpalli Group in the eastern belt of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley gives an age of 1620 +/- 6 Ma. In the Chattisgarh basin, glauconite from two units gives disturbed ages that suggest a period of regional heating in the Chattisgarh basin at ca. 960-1000 Ma. These new ages indicate that these sequences are 200-400 m.y. older than previously recognized, which has important implications for geochemical studies of Mesoproterozoic ocean redox conditions in addition to providing important constraints on regional tectonics and lithostratigraphy. C1 [Conrad, James E.; Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chaudhuri, Asru K.; Mukhopadhyay, Joydip] Presidency Coll, Dept Geol, Kolkata 700073, India. [Patranabis-Deb, Sarbani] Indian Stat Inst, Geol Studies Unit, Kolkata 700108, India. [Deb, Gautam Kumar] Durgapur Govt Coll, Dept Geol, Durgapur 713214, India. [Beukes, Nicolas J.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Geol, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. RP Conrad, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jconrad@usgs.gov FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India [21[0578]/03/EMR-II]; Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [SR/S4/ES-210/2006]; National Research Foundation (NRF) in Pretoria; NRF FX Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, funded the research programs taken up by Chaudhuri and Patranabis-Deb on the stratigraphic evolution of Purana basins in India. Chaudhuri acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India, for a research grant (grant 21[0578]/03/EMR-II), and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for a grant (grant SR/S4/ES-210/2006). Mukhopadhyay prepared the samples during his visit to the University of Johannesburg sponsored by a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Foundation (NRF) in Pretoria, and funding was provided by an NRF research grant to Beukes. Careful reviews by E. H. McKee, A. T. Calvert, A. Basu, and an anonymous reviewer significantly improved the manuscript. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1130/B30083.1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699XL UT WOS:000285696100010 ER PT J AU Williams, KH Long, PE Davis, JA Wilkins, MJ N'Guessan, AL Steefel, CI Yang, L Newcomer, D Spane, FA Kerkhof, LJ McGuinness, L Dayvault, R Lovley, DR AF Williams, Kenneth H. Long, Philip E. Davis, James A. Wilkins, Michael J. N'Guessan, A. Lucie Steefel, Carl I. Yang, Li Newcomer, Darrell Spane, Frank A. Kerkhof, Lee J. McGuinness, Lora Dayvault, Richard Lovley, Derek R. TI Acetate Availability and its Influence on Sustainable Bioremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Groundwater SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE uranium; bioremediation; Geobacter; iron-reduction; sulfate-reduction ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; SUBMICROMOLAR LEVELS; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; AQUEOUS URANIUM(VI); ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB Field biostimulation experiments at the U. S. Department of Energy's Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site in Rifle, Colorado, have demonstrated that uranium concentrations in groundwater can be decreased to levels below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) drinking water standard (0.126 mu M). During successive summer experiments - referred to as "Winchester" (2007) and "Big Rusty" (2008) - acetate was added to the aquifer to stimulate the activity of indigenous dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria capable of reductively immobilizing uranium. The two experiments differed in the length of injection (31 vs. 110 days), the maximum concentration of acetate (5 vs. 30 mM), and the extent to which iron reduction ("Winchester") or sulfate reduction ("Big Rusty") was the predominant metabolic process. In both cases, rapid removal of U(VI) from groundwater occurred at calcium concentrations (6 mM) and carbonate alkalinities (8 meq/L) where Ca-UO2-CO3 ternary complexes constitute > 90% of uranyl species in groundwater. Complete consumption of acetate and increased alkalinity (> 30 meq/L) accompanying the onset of sulfate reduction corresponded to temporary increases in U(VI); however, by increasing acetate concentrations in excess of available sulfate (10 mM), low U(VI) concentrations (0.1-0.05 mu M) were achieved for extended periods of time (> 140 days). Uniform delivery of acetate during "Big Rusty" was impeded due to decreases in injection well permeability, likely resulting from biomass accumulation and carbonate and sulfide mineral precipitation. Such decreases were not observed during the short-duration "Winchester" experiment. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that Geobacter sp. and Geobacter-like strains dominated the groundwater community profile during iron reduction, with C-13 stable isotope probing (SIP) results confirming these strains were actively utilizing acetate to replicate their genome during the period of optimal U(VI) removal. Gene transcript levels during "Big Rusty" were quantified for Geobacter-specific citrate synthase (gltA), with ongoing transcription during sulfate reduction indicating that members of the Geobacteraceae were still active and likely contributing to U(VI) removal. The persistence of reducible Fe(III) in sediments recovered from an area of prolonged (110-day) sulfate reduction is consistent with this conclusion. These results indicate that acetate availability and its ability to sustain the activity of iron-and uranyl-respiring Geobacter strains during sulfate reduction exerts a primary control on optimized U(VI) removal from groundwater at the Rifle IFRC site over extended time scales (>50 days). C1 [Williams, Kenneth H.; Steefel, Carl I.; Yang, Li] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Philip E.; Wilkins, Michael J.; N'Guessan, A. Lucie; Newcomer, Darrell; Spane, Frank A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kerkhof, Lee J.; McGuinness, Lora] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Dayvault, Richard] SM Stoller Corp, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Williams, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khwilliams@lbl.gov RI YANG, LI/F-9392-2010; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Environmental Remediation Science; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area; U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FC02ER63446]; United States Department Of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Environmental Remediation Science Program through the Integrated Field Research Challenge Site (IFRC) at Rifle, Colorado, a multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary project whose objective is to gain a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the microbial factors and associated geochemistry controlling uranium mobility so that DOE can confidently remediate uranium plumes, as well as support stewardship of uranium-contaminated sites. Additional funding was provided as part of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science laboratories that solve complex problems in energy, national security and the environment and advance scientific frontiers in the chemical, biological, materials, environmental and computational sciences. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02ER63446. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the United States Department Of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. We thank Dave Traub, Paula Mouser, Hila Elifantz, Melissa Barlett, Marzia Miletto, Evan Arntzen, Tom Resch, Chris Anderson, and Peter and Ruben Jaffe for their assistance with the field experiments. We thank Sarah Morris for quantifying groundwater uranium concentrations. NR 67 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 7 U2 67 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 519 EP 539 DI 10.1080/01490451.2010.520074 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 837IR UT WOS:000296189400013 ER PT J AU Singha, K Li, L Day-Lewis, FD Regberg, AB AF Singha, Kamini Li, Li Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Regberg, Aaron B. TI Quantifying solute transport processes: Are chemically "conservative" tracers electrically conservative? SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-BOREHOLE RADAR; POROUS-MEDIA; ION-EXCHANGE; SHALY SANDS; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SURFACE-REACTIONS; TEMPORAL MOMENTS; CATION-EXCHANGE AB The concept of a nonreactive or conservative tracer, commonly invoked in investigations of solute transport, requires additional study in the context of electrical geophysical monitoring. Tracers that are commonly considered conservative may undergo reactive processes, such as ion exchange, thus changing the aqueous composition of the system. As a result, the measured electrical conductivity may reflect not only solute transport but also reactive processes. We have evaluated the impacts of ion exchange reactions, rate-limited mass transfer, and surface conduction on quantifying tracer mass, mean arrival time, and temporal variance in laboratory-scale column experiments. Numerical examples showed that (1) ion exchange can lead to resistivity-estimated tracer mass, velocity, and dispersivity that may be inaccurate; (2) mass transfer leads to an overestimate in the mobile tracer mass and an underestimate in velocity when using electrical methods; and (3) surface conductance does not notably affect estimated moments when high-concentration tracers are used, although this phenomenon may be important at low concentrations or in sediments with high and/or spatially variable cation-exchange capacity. In all cases, colocated groundwater concentration measurements are of high importance for interpreting geophysical data with respect to the controlling transport processes of interest. C1 [Singha, Kamini; Regberg, Aaron B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Singha, Kamini] Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA USA. [Li, Li] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Min Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. RP Singha, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ksingha@psu.edu; lili@eme.psu.edu; daylewis@usgs.gov; aregberg@psu.edu RI Li, Li/A-6077-2008; OI Li, Li/0000-0002-1641-3710; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0747629]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64520, DE-SC0001773]; U. S. Geological Survey FX We thank Ty Ferre and two anonymous reviewers for thorough review comments on this manuscript, and we thank Rory Henderson and Jay Nolan for internal reviews of a draft manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Grant EAR-0747629, Department of Energy Grants DE-FG02-08ER64520 and DE-SC0001773, and the U. S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP F53 EP F63 DI 10.1190/1.3511356 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 711VW UT WOS:000286620500012 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM Stoll, DK Dolan, AM Lunt, DJ Otto-Bliesner, B Chandler, MA AF Haywood, A. M. Dowsett, H. J. Robinson, M. M. Stoll, D. K. Dolan, A. M. Lunt, D. J. Otto-Bliesner, B. Chandler, M. A. TI Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 2) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PMIP2 COUPLED SIMULATIONS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MIDHOLOCENE AB The Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project has expanded to include a model intercomparison for the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.29 to 2.97 million yr ago). This project is referred to as PlioMIP (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project). Two experiments have been agreed upon and together compose the initial phase of PlioMIP. The first (Experiment 1) is being performed with atmosphere-only climate models. The second (Experiment 2) utilises fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Following on from the publication of the experimental design and boundary conditions for Experiment 1 in Geoscientific Model Development, this paper provides the necessary description of differences and/or additions to the experimental design for Experiment 2. C1 [Haywood, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, H. J.; Robinson, M. M.; Stoll, D. K.; Dolan, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lunt, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Otto-Bliesner, B.] CGD NCAR, CCR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chandler, M. A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Chandler, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM earamh@leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Dolan, Aisling/D-2625-2012 OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; FU USGS Office of Global Change; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G009112/1]; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council (ERC) [StG 278636] FX This work is a product of the US Geological Survey PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) Project and the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), which is part of the international Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). HD and MR thank the USGS Office of Global Change for their support. AH and DL acknowledge the UK Natural Environment Research Council for funding the UK contribution to PlioMIP (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). AH acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for their support through the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize as well as the European Research Council for the provision of a Starting Grant (ERC StG 278636: Plio-ESS). NR 18 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-571-2011 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 826UD UT WOS:000295379500002 ER PT J AU Giri, C Ochieng, E Tieszen, LL Zhu, Z Singh, A Loveland, T Masek, J Duke, N AF Giri, C. Ochieng, E. Tieszen, L. L. Zhu, Z. Singh, A. Loveland, T. Masek, J. Duke, N. TI Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Global distributions; image processing; Landsat; mangrove; mapping; remote sensing ID LAND-COVER AB Aim Our scientific understanding of the extent and distribution of mangrove forests of the world is inadequate. The available global mangrove databases, compiled using disparate geospatial data sources and national statistics, need to be improved. Here, we mapped the status and distributions of global mangroves using recently available Global Land Survey (GLS) data and the Landsat archive. Methods We interpreted approximately 1000 Landsat scenes using hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. Each image was normalized for variation in solar angle and earth-sun distance by converting the digital number values to the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance. Ground truth data and existing maps and databases were used to select training samples and also for iterative labelling. Results were validated using existing GIS data and the published literature to map 'true mangroves'. Results The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was 137,760 km2 in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Approximately 75% of world's mangroves are found in just 15 countries, and only 6.9% are protected under the existing protected areas network (IUCN I-IV). Our study confirms earlier findings that the biogeographic distribution of mangroves is generally confined to the tropical and subtropical regions and the largest percentage of mangroves is found between 5 degrees N and 5 degrees S latitude. Main conclusions We report that the remaining area of mangrove forest in the world is less than previously thought. Our estimate is 12.3% smaller than the most recent estimate by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. We present the most comprehensive, globally consistent and highest resolution (30 m) global mangrove database ever created. We developed and used better mapping techniques and data sources and mapped mangroves with better spatial and thematic details than previous studies. C1 [Giri, C.] US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ochieng, E.] United Nations Environm Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Zhu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Singh, A.] United Nations Environm Programme, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Masek, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Duke, N.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Marine Bot Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Giri, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM cgiri@usgs.gov RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Duke, Norman/K-5729-2013 OI Duke, Norman/0000-0003-2081-9120 FU USGS; NASA FX This work was supported by USGS Director's Venture Capital Fund and the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Program. We would also like to thank the following student interns and visiting scientists who helped to analyse Landsat data: Andrew Bland, Jordan Long, Bibek Bhattarai, Supriti Shrestha, Sneha Poddar, Bruce Pengra, Tejaswi Giri, Sapna Battish, Smita Shrivastav, Joseph Muhlhausen, Asha Singh and Krishna Bhattarai. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 300 Z9 326 U1 31 U2 215 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x PG 6 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 691VP UT WOS:000285109200013 ER PT S AU O'Reilly, AM Wanielista, MP Loftin, KA Chang, NB AF O'Reilly, Andrew M. Wanielista, Martin P. Loftin, Keith A. Chang, Ni-Bin BE Schirmer, M Hoehn, E Vogt, T TI Laboratory simulated transport of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin in groundwater under the influence of stormwater ponds: implications for harvesting of infiltrated stormwater SO GQ10: GROUNDWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Groundwater Quality Conference CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Eawag, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Off Env, STS Sensors Ltd, AF Colenco Ltd, NAGRA, Swiss Cooperative Disposal Radioactive Waste, Intera Inc, CHGeol, Swiss Assoc Geol, Simultec AG, Roche, Innovat Messtechnik Weiss, Bachema AG, SVGW, Swiss Assoc Gas & Water, Solexperts Ltd, Stump Foratec Ltd, Malcolm Pirnie HO Eawag DE cyanotoxin; natural attenuation; ELISA; stormwater management; water harvesting AB Water shortages in the southeastern United States have led to a need for more intensive management and usage of stormwater for beneficial uses such as irrigation. Harvesting of infiltrated stormwater from horizontal wells in sandy aquifer sediments beneath stormwater ponds has emerged as an alternative in need of evaluation. Cyanobacteria may proliferate in stormwater ponds; cyanotoxins produced by these organisms represent potential public health concerns. Results of two, saturated flow, sand column experiments indicate breakthrough of microcystin-LR (MCLR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYL) within 1-2 pore volumes indicating little removal attributable to sorption. Concentration-based MCLR removal efficiencies up to 90% were achieved, which we hypothesize were predominantly due to biodegradation. In contrast, CYL removal efficiencies were generally less than 15%. On the basis of these results, removal of sandy soil in the stormwater pond bottom and addition of sorption media with greater binding affinities to cyanotoxins may enhance natural attenuation processes prior to water withdrawal. C1 [O'Reilly, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP O'Reilly, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM aoreilly@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-16-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2011 VL 342 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BYC83 UT WOS:000298021100024 ER PT S AU Bekins, B Baedecker, MJ Eganhouse, RP Herkelrath, WN AF Bekins, Barbara Baedecker, Mary Jo Eganhouse, Robert P. Herkelrath, William N. BE Schirmer, M Hoehn, E Vogt, T TI Long-term natural attenuation of crude oil in the subsurface SO GQ10: GROUNDWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Groundwater Quality Conference CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Eawag, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Off Env, STS Sensors Ltd, AF Colenco Ltd, NAGRA, Swiss Cooperative Disposal Radioactive Waste, Intera Inc, CHGeol, Swiss Assoc Geol, Simultec AG, Roche, Innovat Messtechnik Weiss, Bachema AG, SVGW, Swiss Assoc Gas & Water, Solexperts Ltd, Stump Foratec Ltd, Malcolm Pirnie HO Eawag DE petroleum; benzene; methanogenic; biodegradation ID SPILL SITE; AQUIFER AB The time frame for natural attenuation of crude oil contamination in the subsurface has been studied for the last 27 years at a spill site located near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. Data from the groundwater contaminant plume show that dissolved benzene concentrations adjacent to the oil decreased by 50% between 1993 and 2007. To assess how this decrease is related to benzene concentrations in the crude oil, samples of oil were bailed from floating oil in five wells and analysed for volatile components. Compared to reference oil collected from the pipeline in 1984, benzene concentrations in the well located farthest downgradient in the oil have decreased an average of 50%. Benzene and ethylbenzene depletion are linearly correlated with oil saturation in the pore space suggesting that dissolution is the primary removal mechanism and biodegradation within the oil body is insignificant. C1 [Bekins, Barbara; Herkelrath, William N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bekins, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM babekins@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-16-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2011 VL 342 BP 123 EP 127 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BYC83 UT WOS:000298021100027 ER PT S AU O'Reilly, AM Chang, NB Wanielista, MP Xuan, ZM AF O'Reilly, Andrew M. Chang, Ni-Bin Wanielista, Martin P. Xuan, Zhemin BE Schirmer, M Hoehn, E Vogt, T TI Identifying biogeochemical processes beneath stormwater infiltration ponds in support of a new best management practice for groundwater protection SO GQ10: GROUNDWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Groundwater Quality Conference CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Eawag, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Off Env, STS Sensors Ltd, AF Colenco Ltd, NAGRA, Swiss Cooperative Disposal Radioactive Waste, Intera Inc, CHGeol, Swiss Assoc Geol, Simultec AG, Roche, Innovat Messtechnik Weiss, Bachema AG, SVGW, Swiss Assoc Gas & Water, Solexperts Ltd, Stump Foratec Ltd, Malcolm Pirnie HO Eawag DE biogeochemistry; natural attenuation; groundwater protection; stormwater infiltration; best management practice AB When applying a stormwater infiltration pond best management practice (BMP) for protecting the quality of underlying groundwater, a common constituent of concern is nitrate. Two stormwater infiltration ponds, the SO and HT ponds, in central Florida, USA, were monitored. A temporal succession of biogeochemical processes was identified beneath the SO pond, including oxygen reduction, denitrification, manganese and iron reduction, and methanogenesis. In contrast, aerobic conditions persisted beneath the HT pond, resulting in nitrate leaching into groundwater. Biogeochemical differences are likely related to soil textural and hydraulic properties that control surface/subsurface oxygen exchange. A new infiltration BMP was developed and a full-scale application was implemented for the HT pond. Preliminary results indicate reductions in nitrate concentration exceeding 50% in soil water and shallow groundwater beneath the HT pond. C1 [O'Reilly, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP O'Reilly, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM aoreilly@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-16-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2011 VL 342 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BYC83 UT WOS:000298021100100 ER PT B AU Knick, ST Connelly, JW AF Knick, Steven T. Connelly, John W. BE Knick, ST Connelly, JW TI GREATER SAGE-GROUSE Ecology and Conservation of a Landscape Species and Its Habitats PREFACE SO GREATER SAGE-GROUSE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF A LANDSCAPE SPECIES AND ITS HABITATS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS POPULATIONS; CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO-UROGALLUS; CHEATGRASS BROMUS-TECTORUM; LAGOPUS-LAGOPUS-SCOTICUS; CULEX-TARSALIS DIPTERA C1 [Knick, Steven T.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Connelly, John W.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM steve_knick@usgs.gov; jcsagegrouse@aol.com NR 1665 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-94868-6; 978-0-520-26711-4 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 38 BP XI EP + D2 10.1525/california/9780520267114.001.0001 PG 62 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BXE42 UT WOS:000295869900001 ER PT J AU Pyke, DA AF Pyke, David A. BE Knick, ST Connelly, JW TI Restoring and Rehabilitating Sagebrush Habitats SO GREATER SAGE-GROUSE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF A LANDSCAPE SPECIES AND ITS HABITATS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Artemisia; Centrocercus urophasianus; Greater Sage-Grouse; habitat restoration; landscape triage; restoration guidelines; sagebrush grassland AB Less than half of the original habitat of the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) currently exists. Some has been permanently lost to farms and urban areas, but the remaining varies in condition from high quality to no longer adequate. Restoration of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) grassland ecosystems may be possible for resilient lands. However, Greater Sage-Grouse require a wide variety of habitats over large areas to complete their life cycle. Effective restoration will require a regional approach for prioritizing and identifying appropriate options across the landscape. A landscape triage method is recommended for prioritizing lands for restoration. Spatial models can indicate where to protect and connect intact quality habitat with other similar habitat via restoration. The ecological site concept of land classification is recommended for characterizing potential habitat across the region along with their accompanying state and transition models of plant community dynamics. These models assist in identifying if passive, management-based or active, vegetation manipulation-based restoration might accomplish the goals of improved Greater Sage-Grouse habitat. A series of guidelines help formulate questions that managers might consider when developing restoration plans: (1) site prioritization through a landscape triage; (2) soil verification and the implications of soil features on plant establishment success; (3) a comparison of the existing plant community to the potential for the site using ecological site descriptions; (4) a determination of the current successional status of the site using state and transition models to aid in predicting if passive or active restoration is necessary; and (5) implementation of post-treatment monitoring to evaluate restoration effectiveness and post-treatment management implications to restoration success. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_pyke@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94868-6 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 38 BP 531 EP 548 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BXE42 UT WOS:000295869900026 ER PT J AU Johnson, TB Mckay, LD Layton, AC Jones, SW Johnson, GC Cashdollar, JL Dahling, DR Villegas, LF Fout, GS Williams, DE Sayler, G AF Johnson, Trisha B. McKay, Larry D. Layton, Alice C. Jones, Sidney W. Johnson, Greg C. Cashdollar, Jennifer L. Dahling, Daniel R. Villegas, Leah F. Fout, G. Shay Williams, Daniel E. Sayler, Gary TI Viruses and Bacteria in Karst and Fractured Rock Aquifers in East Tennessee, USA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; CELL-CULTURE; GROUNDWATER; WATER; POLLUTION AB A survey of enteric viruses and indicator bacteria was carried out in eight community water supply sources (four wells and four springs) in East Tennessee. Seven sites derived their water from carbonate aquifers and one from fractured sandstone. Four of the sites were deemed "low-risk" based on prior monitoring of fecal indicators and factors such as presence of thick layers of overlying sediments. The remaining sites were deemed "high-risk." Enteric viruses (enterovirus and reovirus) were detected by cell culture at least once in seven of the eight wells or springs including all but one of the four low-risk sites. Viral RNA, however, was not detected in any of the samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Conventional indicators of microbial contamination (Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria) were detected together with culturable viruses in seven of nine virus positive samples. Bacteroides, an alternative fecal indicator which has not previously been used in groundwater investigations, was also detected in all but one of the samples containing E. coli or total coliform bacteria, as well as in one sample where viruses were present in the absence of other bacterial indicators. The study highlights some of the challenges involved in surveys of virus occurrence and indicates that culturable enteric viruses in East Tennessee karst aquifers may be more widespread than previously observed in studies of karst aquifers in Pennsylvania (8%), the Ozark region of Missouri (< 1%), or several other states covered in a national microbial water quality survey conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (43%). C1 [McKay, Larry D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Johnson, Trisha B.] Clancy Environm Consultants Inc, St Albans, VT 05478 USA. [McKay, Larry D.; Layton, Alice C.; Williams, Daniel E.; Sayler, Gary] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jones, Sidney W.] Tennessee Dept Environm & Conservat, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Cashdollar, Jennifer L.; Dahling, Daniel R.; Villegas, Leah F.; Fout, G. Shay] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. [Johnson, Greg C.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. RP Johnson, TB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lmckay@utk.edu FU Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC); University of Tennessee Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment FX The authors would like to thank: Gretchen Sullivan at EPA-NERL in Cincinnati, Ohio, for her invaluable help in the laboratory; the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) for project funding and data; and the participating water utilities for providing data and access to sites. Additional funding for T. Johnson at the end of the project was provided by the University of Tennessee Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 98 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00698.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 700NW UT WOS:000285751700011 PM 20331750 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JF AF Fairchild, J. F. BE Kortekamp, A TI Structural and Functional Effects of Herbicides on Non-Target Organisms in Aquatic Ecosystems with an Emphasis on Atrazine SO HERBICIDES AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; COMPARATIVE SENSITIVITY; EXPERIMENTAL PONDS; SURFACE WATERS; PESTICIDES; COMPLEXITY; METRIBUZIN; MESOCOSMS; BLUEGILLS; RESPONSES C1 [Fairchild, J. F.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-476-4 PY 2011 BP 383 EP 404 D2 10.5772/550 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BF0JG UT WOS:000378913300019 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, N Kuniansky, EL AF Sepulveda, Nicasio Kuniansky, Eve L. BE Elango, L TI Effects of Model Layer Simplification Using Composite Hydraulic Properties SO HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY - ISSUES, DETERMINATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLOW; TRANSMISSIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; AQUIFERS C1 [Sepulveda, Nicasio; Kuniansky, Eve L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sepulveda, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-288-3 PY 2011 BP 357 EP 376 D2 10.5772/744 PG 20 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BD8AL UT WOS:000363726500019 ER PT J AU Perkins, KS AF Perkins, Kim S. BE Elango, L TI Measurement and Modeling of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity SO HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY - ISSUES, DETERMINATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BULK-DENSITY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; FIELD; EQUATION; DATABASE; DRYNESS; CURVES C1 [Perkins, Kim S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Perkins, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-288-3 PY 2011 BP 419 EP 434 D2 10.5772/744 PG 16 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BD8AL UT WOS:000363726500022 ER PT J AU Linde, N Doetsch, J Jougnot, D Genoni, O Durst, Y Minsley, BJ Vogt, T Pasquale, N Luster, J AF Linde, N. Doetsch, J. Jougnot, D. Genoni, O. Duerst, Y. Minsley, B. J. Vogt, T. Pasquale, N. Luster, J. TI Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WAVELET ANALYSIS; GEOPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS; LOSING STREAM; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSFORM; MEDIA; SOILS; SAND AB Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes. C1 [Linde, N.; Jougnot, D.] Univ Lausanne, Inst Geophys, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Doetsch, J.; Duerst, Y.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Genoni, O.] Geothermal Explorers Int Ltd, Pratteln, Switzerland. [Minsley, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Vogt, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Pasquale, N.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland. [Luster, J.] WSL, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Linde, N (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Inst Geophys, Lausanne, Switzerland. EM niklas.linde@unil.ch RI Linde, Niklas/A-9440-2008; Jougnot, Damien/D-9186-2011; Doetsch, Joseph/A-9438-2008; OI Linde, Niklas/0000-0003-1613-353X; Jougnot, Damien/0000-0003-4950-5766; Doetsch, Joseph/0000-0002-2927-9557; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU ETH's Competence Center for Environment and Sustainability (CCES) FX We thank our collaborators within the RECORD project for their contributions, especially Paolo Perona who provided the meteorological data. We are thankful to Eric Delcher and Anthony Finizola for providing advice about SP monitoring systems and to Frederick Day-Lewis for suggesting and pointing out pertinent wavelet literature. We would like to thank Christopher Torrence, Gilbert P. Compo, and Aslak Grinsted for making their wavelet software packages available. Reviews of Andre Revil, Lyndsay Ball, Paul Bedrosian, and an anonymous reviewer contained many useful suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by ETH's Competence Center for Environment and Sustainability (CCES). NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 3 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.5194/hess-15-729-2011 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 743BL UT WOS:000288990400005 ER PT J AU Hayes, AG Aharonson, O Lunine, JI Kirk, RL Zebker, HA Wye, LC Lorenz, RD Turtle, EP Paillou, P Mitri, G Wall, SD Stofan, ER Mitchell, KL Elachi, C AF Hayes, A. G. Aharonson, O. Lunine, J. I. Kirk, R. L. Zebker, H. A. Wye, L. C. Lorenz, R. D. Turtle, E. P. Paillou, P. Mitri, G. Wall, S. D. Stofan, E. R. Mitchell, K. L. Elachi, C. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Transient surface liquid in Titan's polar regions from Cassini SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Saturn, Satellites; Radar observations; Infrared observations ID HYDROCARBON LAKES; RADAR; MOON; SCATTERING; WAVELENGTH; SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; SHAPE; LAWS AB Cassini RADAR images of Titan's south polar region acquired during southern summer contain lake features which disappear between observations. These features show a tenfold increases in backscatter cross-section between images acquired one year apart, which is inconsistent with common scattering models without invoking temporal variability. The morphologic boundaries are transient, further supporting changes in lake level. These observations are consistent with the exposure of diffusely scattering lakebeds that were previously hidden by an attenuating liquid medium. We use a two-layer model to explain backscatter variations and estimate a drop in liquid depth of approximately 1-m-per-year. On larger scales, we observe shoreline recession between ISS and RADAR images of Ontario Lacus, the largest lake in Titan's south polar region. The recession, occurring between June 2005 and July 2009, is inversely proportional to slopes estimated from altimetric profiles and the exponential decay of near-shore backscatter, consistent with a uniform reduction of 4 +/- 1.3 m in lake depth. Of the potential explanations for observed surface changes, we favor evaporation and infiltration. The disappearance of dark features and the recession of Ontario's shoreline represents volatile transport in an active methane-based hydrologic cycle. Observed loss rates are compared and shown to be consistent with available global circulation models. To date, no unambiguous changes in lake level have been observed between repeat images in the north polar region, although further investigation is warranted. These observations constrain volatile flux rates in Titan's hydrologic system and demonstrate that the surface plays an active role in its evolution. Constraining these seasonal changes represents the first step toward our understanding of longer climate cycles that may determine liquid distribution on Titan over orbital time periods. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hayes, A. G.; Aharonson, O.; Mitri, G.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.; Turtle, E. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Zebker, H. A.; Wye, L. C.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paillou, P.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR5084, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Floirac, France. [Wall, S. D.; Mitchell, K. L.; Elachi, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stofan, E. R.] Proxemy Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20882 USA. RP Hayes, AG (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hayes@gps.caltech.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU Cassini Project; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jakob Van Zyl of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for helpful discussions, and the Cassini Engineering Team, without whom the data presented here would not have existed. This work was supported by the Cassini Project, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as by NASA's Graduate Student Researchers Program. NR 71 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 655 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.017 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600049 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Turtle, EP Stiles, B Le Gall, A Hayes, A Aharonson, O Wood, CA Stofan, E Kirk, R AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Turtle, Elizabeth P. Stiles, Bryan Le Gall, Alice Hayes, Alexander Aharonson, Oded Wood, Charles A. Stofan, Ellen Kirk, Randy TI Hypsometry of Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Geological processes; Geophysics ID CASSINI RADAR; TOPOGRAPHY; ELEVATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; SLOPES; SHAPE; MARS; ALTIMETER; VENUS AB Cassini RADAR topography data are used to evaluate Titan's hypsometric profile, and to make comparisons with other planetary bodies. Titan's hypsogram is unimodal and strikingly narrow compared with the terrestrial planets. To investigate topographic extremes, a novel variant on the classic hypsogram is introduced, with a logarithmic abscissa to highlight mountainous terrain. In such a plot, the top of the terrestrial hypsogram is quite distinct from those of Mars and Venus due to the 'glacial buzz-saw' that clips terrestrial topography above the snowline. In contrast to the positive skew seen in other hypsograms, with a long tail of positive relief due to mountains, there is an indication (weak, given the limited data for Titan so far) that the Titan hypsogram appears slightly negatively skewed, suggesting a significant population of unfilled depressions. Limited data permit only a simplistic comparison of Titan topography with other icy satellites but we find that the standard deviation of terrain height (albeit at different scales) is similar to those of Ganymede and Europa. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Stiles, Bryan; Le Gall, Alice] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hayes, Alexander; Aharonson, Oded] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wood, Charles A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, VA USA. [Stofan, Ellen] USA Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Kirk, Randy] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU NASA; European Space Agency (ESA); Italian Space Agency (ASI) FX This work was supported by the Cassini-Huygens mission, which is a joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and is managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. We are grateful for the cogent criticism of two anonymous referees which improved the paper. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.002 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600052 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Soderblom, JM Brown, RH Soderblom, LA Stephan, K Jaumann, R Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Sotin, C Buratti, BJ Baines, KH Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Barnes, Jason W. Soderblom, Jason M. Brown, Robert H. Soderblom, Laurence A. Stephan, Katrin Jaumann, Ralf Le Mouelic, Stephane Rodriguez, Sebastien Sotin, Christophe Buratti, Bonnie J. Baines, Kevin H. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. TI Wave constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS specular reflection lightcurves SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Photometry; Satellites, surfaces ID NEAR-SURFACE WIND; HUYGENS PROBE; ATMOSPHERE; PLANETS; OCEANS; CLOUDS; GLINT AB Stephan et al. (Stephan, K. et al. [2010]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, 7104-+.) first saw the glint of sunlight specularly reflected off of Titan's lakes. We develop a quantitative model for analyzing the photometric lightcurve generated during a flyby in which the specularly reflected light flux depends on the fraction of the solar specular footprint that is covered by liquid. We allow for surface waves that spread out the geographic specular intensity distribution. Applying the model to the VIMS 158 observations shows that the waves on Jingpo Lacus must have slopes of no greater than 0.15 degrees, two orders of magnitude flatter than waves on Earth's oceans. Combining the model with theoretical estimates of the intensity of the specular reflection allows a tighter constraint on the waves: <= 0.05 degrees. Residual specular signal while the specular point lies on land implies that either the land is wetted, the wave slope distribution is non-Gaussian, or that 5% of the land off the southwest edge of Jingpo Lacus is covered in puddles. Another specular sequence off of Kraken Mare acquired during Cassini's 159 flyby shows rapid flux changes that the static model cannot reproduce. Points just 1 min apart vary in flux by more than a factor of two. The present dataset does not uniquely determine the mechanism causing these rapid changes. We suggest that changing wind conditions, kilometer-wavelength waves, or moving clouds could account for the variability. Future specular observations should be designed with a fast cadence, at least 6 points per minute, in order to differentiate between these hypotheses. Such new data will further constrain the nature of Titan's lakes and their interactions with Titan's atmosphere. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44035 Nantes, France. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Ctr Orme M Erisiers, Lab AIM, Ctr Etud Saclay, DAPNIA Sap, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jwbarnes@uidaho.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407; Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 FU NASA/ESA FX The authors acknowledge support from the NASA/ESA Cassini project. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 722 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600054 ER PT S AU Newell, WL Dejong, BD AF Newell, W. L. Dejong, B. D. BE Martini, IP French, HM Alberti, AP TI Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA SO ICE-MARGINAL AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BARRENS LATITUDE 39-DEGREES-N; LATE-PLEISTOCENE PERMAFROST; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; UNITED-STATES; PINE-BARRENS; MORPHOLOGY; TERRACES; MARYLAND; RIVER AB The effects of Pleistocene cold-climate geomorphology are distributed across the weathered and eroded Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain uplands from the Wisconsinan terminal moraine south to Tidewater Virginia. Cold-climate deposits and landscape modifications are super-imposed on antecedent landscapes of old, weathered Neogene upland gravels and Pleistocene marine terraces that had been built during warm periods and sea-level highstands. In New Jersey, sequences of surficial deposits define a long history of repeating climate change events. To the south across the Delmarva Peninsula and southern Maryland, most antecedent topography has been obscured by Late Pleistocene surficial deposits. These are spatially variable and are collectively described as a cold-climate alloformation. The cold-climate alloformation includes time-transgressive details of climate deterioration from at least marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 through the end of MIS 2. Some deposits and landforms within the alloformation may be as young as the Younger Dryas. Southwards along the trend of the Potomac River, these deposits and their climatic affinities become diffused. In Virginia, a continuum of erosion and surficial deposits appears to be the product of 'normal' temperate, climate-forced processes. The cold-climate alloformation and more temperate deposits in Virginia are being partly covered by Holocene alluvium and bay mud. C1 [Newell, W. L.; Dejong, B. D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Newell, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wnewell@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-327-1 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2011 VL 354 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1144/SP354.17 D2 10.1144/SP354.0 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA BFY11 UT WOS:000321868800017 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ding, XL Lu, Z AF Zhang, Lei Ding, Xiaoli Lu, Zhong TI Modeling PSInSAR Time Series Without Phase Unwrapping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR); least squares; phase ambiguity; phase unwrapping; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; GROUND DEFORMATION; INTERFEROMETRY; INSAR; RESOLUTION AB In this paper, we propose a least-squares-based method for multitemporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry that allows one to estimate deformations without the need of phase unwrapping. The method utilizes a series of multimaster wrapped differential interferograms with short baselines and focuses on arcs at which there are no phase ambiguities. An outlier detector is used to identify and remove the arcs with phase ambiguities, and a pseudoinverse of the variance-covariance matrix is used as the weight matrix of the correlated observations. The deformation rates at coherent points are estimated with a least squares model constrained by reference points. The proposed approach is verified with a set of simulated data. C1 [Zhang, Lei] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat LSGI, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Ding, Xiaoli] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat LSGI, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM l.zhang@polyu.edu.hk; lsxlding@polyu.edu.hk; lu@usgs.gov RI Ding, Xiaoli/K-4596-2013; Zhang, Lei/A-1412-2014 OI Ding, Xiaoli/0000-0002-5733-3629; Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-8152-2470 FU Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [PolyU 5155/07E]; Faculty of Construction and Land Use of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; NASA [2005-0021]; U.S. Geological Survey; Hong Kong Polytechnic University FX This work was supported in part by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under Project PolyU 5155/07E, by the Faculty of Construction and Land Use of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University under the Sustainable Urbanization Research Fund, by the NASA's Earth Surface and Interiors Program 2005-0021, and by the U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing and Volcano Hazards Programs. The work of L. Zhang was supported by a Ph.D. studentship offered by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625 PN 2 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701TA UT WOS:000285845100021 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ji, L Wylie, BK AF Zhang, Li Ji, Lei Wylie, Bruce K. TI Response of spectral vegetation indices to soil moisture in grasslands and shrublands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT ESTIMATION; NDVI RESPONSE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SEMIARID BOTSWANA; GREAT-PLAINS; STRESS INDEX; MODIS; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; DROUGHT AB The relationships between satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs) and soil moisture are complicated because of the time lag of the vegetation response to soil moisture. In this study, we used a distributed lag regression model to evaluate the lag responses of VIs to soil moisture for grasslands and shrublands at Soil Climate Analysis Network sites in the central and western United States. We examined the relationships between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived VIs and soil moisture measurements. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) showed significant lag responses to soil moisture. The lag length varies from 8 to 56 days for NDVI and from 16 to 56 days for NDWI. However, the lag response of NDVI and NDWI to soil moisture varied among the sites. Our study suggests that the lag effect needs to be taken into consideration when the VIs are used to estimate soil moisture. C1 [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuang S Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM lizhang@ceode.ac.cn RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Programme; Land Remote Sensing Programme; Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Programme; National Basic Research Program of China (973) [2009CB723906] FX The study was supported by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics, Land Remote Sensing, and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Programmes and the National Basic Research Program of China (973) under Grant No. 2009CB723906. The authors would like to thank Norman Bliss, Eugene Fosnight and the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions for revising and improving the article. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 18 BP 5267 EP 5286 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.496471 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866GP UT WOS:000298368800014 ER PT J AU Senay, GB Verdin, JP Rowland, J AF Senay, Gabriel B. Verdin, James P. Rowland, James TI Developing an operational rangeland water requirement satisfaction index SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Developing an operational water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) for rangeland monitoring is an important goal of the famine early warning systems network. An operational WRSI has been developed for crop monitoring, but until recently a comparable WRSI for rangeland was not successful because of the extremely poor performance of the index when based on published crop coefficients (K-c) for rangelands. To improve the rangeland WRSI, we developed a simple calibration technique that adjusts the K-c values for rangeland monitoring using long-term rainfall distribution and reference evapotranspiration data. The premise for adjusting the K-c values is based on the assumption that a viable rangeland should exhibit above-average WRSI (values >80%) during a normal year. The normal year was represented by a median dekadal rainfall distribution (satellite rainfall estimate from 1996 to 2006). Similarly, a long-term average for potential evapotranspiration was used as input to the famine early warning systems network WRSI model in combination with soil-water-holding capacity data. A dekadal rangeland WRSI has been operational for east and west Africa since 2005. User feedback has been encouraging, especially with regard to the end-of-season WRSI anomaly products that compare the index's performance to 'normal' years. Currently, rangeland WRSI products are generated on a dekadal basis and posted for free distribution on the US Geological Survey early warning website at http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds/ C1 [Senay, Gabriel B.; Verdin, James P.; Rowland, James] US Geol Survey, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM senay@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 21 BP 6047 EP 6053 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.516028 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866HI UT WOS:000298370800007 ER PT J AU Van Manen, SM Blake, S Dehn, J AF Van Manen, Saskia M. Blake, Stephen Dehn, Jonathan TI A near real-time dual-band-spatial approach to determine the source of increased radiance from closely spaced active volcanoes in coarse resolution satellite data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO; KAMCHATKA; ERUPTION; KLIUCHEVSKOI; RUSSIA; AVHRR AB Bezymianny and Kliuchevskoi volcanoes (Kamchatka) present a danger as both inject ash into North Pacific air routes. Current automated monitoring algorithms do not distinguish them in real time due to their mutual proximity (10 km) and poor geolocation accuracy of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Contrasting mid-and thermal infrared volcanic radiances are influenced by (1) differences in temperature and eruptive style of Bezymianny's andesite and Kliuchevskoi's basalt and (2) different temperatures of the non-volcanic portion of pixels located over their summits, due to different elevations. Data from 571 AVHRR images show the latter is more significant. Discriminant function analysis using summit and regional band 4 pixel-integrated radiant temperatures (pirT) correctly identifies the source volcano of a thermal anomaly in 89% of cases. Weather permitting, a spatial component can be added, leading to improved accuracy. The approach used here can also be applied at other closely spaced volcanoes with substantially different summit elevations. C1 [Van Manen, Saskia M.; Blake, Stephen] Open Univ, Volcano Dynam Grp, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Dehn, Jonathan] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Van Manen, SM (reprint author), Open Univ, Volcano Dynam Grp, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM s.m.van-manen@open.ac.uk RI van Manen, Saskia/D-7300-2012 FU Royal Geographical Society; Earth and Space Foundation FX Travel to AVO for Saskia M. Van Manen was provided by the Dudley Stamp Fund of the Royal Geographical Society and the Earth and Space Foundation. Thanks to Lovro Valcic for providing the cloud cover data and D. A. Rothery for providing feedback on the manuscript. We would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer for constructive feedback on the manuscript. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 21 BP 6055 EP 6069 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.498452 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866HI UT WOS:000298370800008 ER PT J AU Ji, L Zhang, L Wylie, BK Rover, J AF Ji, Lei Zhang, Li Wylie, Bruce K. Rover, Jennifer TI On the terminology of the spectral vegetation index (NIR - SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; LIVE FUEL MOISTURE; LANDSAT TM; SPOT-VEGETATION; BOREAL FOREST; MODIS DATA; CANOPY; REFLECTANCE; IMAGERY; NDWI AB The spectral vegetation index (rho(NIR) - rho(SWIR))/(rho(NIR) + rho(SWIR)), where rho(NIR) and rho(SWIR) are the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) reflectances, respectively, has been widely used to indicate vegetation moisture condition. This index has multiple names in the literature, including infrared index (II), normalized difference infrared index (NDII), normalized difference water index (NDWI), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), land surface water index (LSWI) and normalized burn ratio (NBR). After reviewing each term's definition, associated sensors and channel specifications, we found that the index consists of three variants, differing only in the SWIR region (1.2-1.3, 1.55-1.75 or 2.05-2.45 mu m). Thus, three terms are sufficient to represent these three SWIR variants; other names are redundant and therefore unnecessary. Considering the spectral representativeness, the term's popularity and the 'rule of priority' in scientific nomenclature, NDWI, NDII and NBR, each corresponding to the three SWIR regions, are more preferable terms. C1 [Ji, Lei] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ji, Lei; Wylie, Bruce K.; Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Ji, L (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB723906]; US Geological Survey [G08PC91508]; K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong FX This study was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2009CB723906 and the US Geological Survey Climate Effects Network and Global Change Research & Development Programs and the K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong. The work by Lei Ji was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. We thank James Vogelmann and Michael Budde for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable comments. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 21 BP 6901 EP 6909 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.510811 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866HI UT WOS:000298370800052 ER PT J AU Chen, XX Vogelmann, JE Rollins, M Ohlen, D Key, CH Yang, LM Huang, CQ Shi, H AF Chen, Xuexia Vogelmann, James E. Rollins, Matthew Ohlen, Donald Key, Carl H. Yang, Limin Huang, Chengquan Shi, Hua TI Detecting post-fire burn severity and vegetation recovery using multitemporal remote sensing spectral indices and field-collected composite burn index data in a ponderosa pine forest SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FIRE SEVERITY; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BLACK-HILLS; LANDSAT; REGENERATION; IMAGERY; CARBON; MODIS; ETM+; TM AB It is challenging to detect burn severity and vegetation recovery because of the relatively long time period required to capture the ecosystem characteristics. Multitemporal remote sensing data can provide multitemporal observations before, during and after a wildfire, and can improve the change detection accuracy. The goal of this study is to examine the correlations between multitemporal spectral indices and field-observed burn severity, and to provide a practical method to estimate burn severity and vegetation recovery. The study site is the Jasper Fire area in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota, that burned during August and September 2000. Six multitemporal Landsat images acquired from 2000 (pre-fire), 2001 (post-fire), 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2007 were used to assess burn severity. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), normalized burn ratio (NBR), integrated forest index (IFI) and the differences of these indices between the pre-fire and post-fire years were computed and analysed with 66 field-based composite burn index (CBI) plots collected in 2002. Results showed that differences of NDVI and differences of EVI between the pre-fire year and the first two years post-fire were highly correlated with the CBI scores. The correlations were low beyond the second year post-fire. Differences of NBR had good correlation with CBI scores in all study years. Differences of IFI had low correlation with CBI in the first year post-fire and had good correlation in later years. A CBI map of the burnt area was produced using regression tree models and the multitemporal images. The dynamics of four spectral indices from 2000 to 2007 indicated that both NBR and IFI are valuable for monitoring long-term vegetation recovery. The high burn severity areas had a much slower recovery than the moderate and low burn areas. C1 [Chen, Xuexia; Shi, Hua] Contractor USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci ER, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Vogelmann, James E.; Rollins, Matthew; Ohlen, Donald] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Key, Carl H.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, XX (reprint author), Contractor USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci ER, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xuchen@usgs.gov OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resource Observation and Science (EROS) Center, for the U.S. Department of the Interior [G08PC91508]; USGS [G08PC91508]; NPS Fire Management Program Center; Joint Fire Sciences Program; USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center FX This material is published by permission of the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resource Observation and Science (EROS) Center, for the U.S. Department of the Interior, under Contract No. G08PC91508. The U.S. Government retains for itself and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.; The CBI data were collected by scientists from Wind Cave National Park, the National Park Service (NPS) Fire Management Program Center, the US Geological Survey (USGS) Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center and the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. The field data collection effort was funded by the NPS Fire Management Program Center, the Joint Fire Sciences Program and the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 23 BP 7905 EP 7927 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.524678 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866IO UT WOS:000298374200001 ER PT S AU Chapman, DC Hoff, MH AF Chapman, Duane C. Hoff, Michael H. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Invasive Asian Carps in North America Introduction SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers C1 [Chapman, Duane C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Hoff, Michael H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Fisheries Program 3, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. RP Chapman, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dchapman@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800001 ER PT S AU Hoff, MH Pegg, MA Irons, KS AF Hoff, Michael H. Pegg, Mark A. Irons, Kevin S. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Management Implications from a Stock-Recruit Model for Bighead Carp in Portions of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID WISCONSIN WATERS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; MISSOURI AB The Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force, Mississippi River Basin Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species, Mississippi Interstate Cooperative Resource Association, and other entities established goals to control feral populations of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis in the United States. The Asian Carp Working Group recommended development of stock-recruit models for bighead carp and other Asian carps to assist in management and control of feral populations. We developed a Ricker stock-recruit model, using bighead carp relative abundance data collected in the LaGrange Reach of the Illinois River and Pool 26 of the Mississippi River during 2001-2004, to guide management and control efforts there. The functional relationship that explained the greatest amount of recruitment variation explained 83% of the recruitment (during July through October of the first year of life) variation using stock size and river discharge. Seventy-two percent of recruitment variation was explained by stock size abundance while an additional 11% was explained by the coefficient of variation of discharge in July. Model predictions and empirical data indicated that management efforts to reduce stock size abundance from the optimum of 0.07 adults per unit of standardized fishing effort to 0.02 adults per unit of effort should be the most effective tool to reduce recruitment over the long term. This level of adult abundance (approximately 25% of the mean during 2001-2004) should be the target maximum for bighead carp control efforts in the study areas. Recruitment was inversely correlated with variation in river discharge, so it is possible to combine control of stock size abundance and management of river discharge in an integrated pest management program for bighead carp in the two river reaches. C1 [Hoff, Michael H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Fisheries Program 3, Bishop Henry Whipple Fed Bldg,1 Fed Dr, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. [Pegg, Mark A.; Irons, Kevin S.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana, IL 62644 USA. RP Hoff, MH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Fisheries Program 3, Bishop Henry Whipple Fed Bldg,1 Fed Dr, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. EM michael_hoff@fws.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX Fish data used during this study were collected under the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program, funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Science Center. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors. We thank all Illinois Natural History Survey researchers involved for their perseverance in collecting valuable, long-term data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and D. Chapman for reviewing a previous draft of the manuscript and for recommending ways to improve the manuscript. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 5 EP 14 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800002 ER PT S AU Nico, LG Jelks, HL AF Nico, Leo G. Jelks, Howard L. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI The Black Carp in North America: An Update SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID CHANNEL CATFISH; BOLBOPHORUS-CONFUSUS; ASIAN CARP; TREMATODE; PONDS; US AB Our book The Black Carp: Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment of an Introduced Fish was published in 2005. The present chapter provides a brief overview of new events and re-examines pieces of earlier information on this mollusk eating species. Effective November 19, 2007, black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus was placed on the Lacey Act list of injurious wildlife. Listing pertains to all forms of live black carp, including diploids (reproductively fertile), triploids (thought to be sterile), hybrids, and gametes and viable eggs, prohibiting their import into the United States and banning interstate transport. States retain rights to regulate black carp already within their jurisdiction. Although many states now ban black carp, a few states in the lower Mississippi basin still permit breeding programs and allow use of black carp for snail control in ponds. In North America, black carp are present in open waters of the lower Mississippi River basin. Likely the result of escape from aquaculture, some captures reportedly date to the early 1990s. Most (10 of 11) wild captures tested have been found to be diploids. During the mid-1990s, an estimated 400,000 black carp were in aquaculture. The number fluctuates and present total is uncertain but includes diploids. Currently, it is not possible to adequately assess the risk of additional escape because the numbers and distribution of diploid and triploid black carp held in aquaculture and the frequency and intensity of farm-pond flooding are not fully documented. Much also remains unknown about wild black carp populations in the Mississippi basin, especially with regard to their distribution, abundance, reproduction status, and types of mollusk prey consumed. The paucity of data is largely attributed to the difficulty of capturing wild black carp and the near absence of field research targeting this species. C1 [Nico, Leo G.; Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Nico, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM lnico@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 89 EP 104 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800007 ER PT S AU Nico, LG Demopoulos, A Gualtieri, D Wieser, C AF Nico, Leo G. Demopoulos, Amanda Gualtieri, Daniel Wieser, Carla BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Use of Stable Isotopes and Mercury to Assess Trophic Positions of Black Carp and Other Large Fishes in the Red-Atchafalaya River System, Louisiana, USA SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID FOOD-CHAINS; HABITAT USE; NITROGEN; LAKE; ECOSYSTEM; RATIOS; CARBON; N-15; WEB AB The black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus is a large (>1 m long) riverine fish from eastern Asia introduced into the United States via the aquaculture industry. A wild population has been present in the lower Mississippi River basin since the early 1990s, but little is known about the ecological effect of black carp in invaded environments. In its native range, black carp feed almost exclusively on mollusks. In U.S. waters, they likely prey on native mussels, but few wild-caught specimens have been examined by biologists and all have had empty gastrointestinal tracts. In lieu of stomach content data, we examined isotopic values (delta C-13 and delta N-15) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in muscle tissue of black carp and 10 other large normative and native fish species captured in the Red-Atchafalaya River system of Louisiana, USA. Trophic position estimates derived from delta N-15 values ranged from 2.0 for grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to 4.8 for blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris. Adult black carp had a delta N-15 value (13.2 parts per thousand), indicating a trophic level of 3.5. Mean total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.02 mu g/g in grass carp to 0.27 mu g/g in bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus, in black carp 0.17 mu g/g; Hg increased with increasing delta N-15, indicating biomagnification. The limited numbers of taxa and small samples sizes, as well as constraints in methods used, do not allow confirmation that wild black carp are consuming native mollusks. However, our stable isotope results do provide evidence that its diet is similar to other large fish species inhabiting the Red-Atchafalaya system considered to be benthic invertivores, including some known to prey on freshwater mollusks (i.e., smallmouth buffalo I. bubalus and normative common carp Cyprinus carpio). C1 [Nico, Leo G.; Demopoulos, Amanda; Gualtieri, Daniel; Wieser, Carla] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Nico, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL USA. EM lnico@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 105 EP 120 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800008 ER PT S AU Orazio, CE Chapman, DC May, TW Meadows, JC Walther, MJ Echols, KR Deters, JE Dierenfeld, ES AF Orazio, Carl E. Chapman, Duane C. May, Thomas W. Meadows, John C. Walther, Michael J. Echols, Kathy R. Deters, Joseph E. Dierenfeld, Ellen S. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants and Elements in Bigheaded Carps of the Missouri River at Easley, Missouri, USA SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID FRESH-WATER FISH; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; CELL BIOASSAY; PESTICIDES; CHINA; BIOACCUMULATION; MICROCYSTINS; SELENIUM; MERCURY; BLOOMS AB Efforts are underway in the United States to promote the commercial harvest of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp H. nobilis as a means of controlling the populations of these invasive species. The major uses under consideration are food for people, pets, and zoo animals. Fish in general are a good source of protein, beneficial lipids, and nutritional elements. However, fish from contaminated waters can bioaccumulate toxic elements and persistent organic chemical pollutants to levels that limit consumption. It is important that levels of chemical contaminants and nutritional elements in bigheaded carp of the various regions of the United States be measured. In September of 2005, 30 bighead carp and 30 silver carp were collected from the Missouri River near Easley, Missouri, USA, a location midway between Kansas City and St. Louis. Whole-body composites and skinless, bony white-meat fillet composites were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47), dioxin equivalents, percent lipid, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, and several other elements. The data showed that in both species of these fish, levels of total PCB, total DDT, total chlordane, PBDE-47, dioxin equivalents, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and selenium were below levels of concern for consumption by humans and domestic animals. The average mercury concentration of 0.070 mu g/g wet weight (ww) in three 5-fish silver carp white-meat fillet composites of this study was within the state of Missouri's "unlimited consumption by sensitive populations" category (<0.088 mu g/g ww). The more conservative advisory of the National Fish and Wildlife Contamination Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends a limit of three fish meals per week of the Easley Missouri silver carp white-meat fillets. Mercury levels in the three 5-fish composites of bighead carp white-meat fillets averaged 0.21 mu g/g ww, falling into the USEPA limit of one fish meal per week. In whole body composites, mercury levels averaged 0.04 mu g/g ww in the silver carp and 0.10 mu g/g ww in bighead carp, placing both mercury levels below the 0.12 mu g/g ww limit set for domestic animal consumption. Calcium concentration, an important factor in formulation of animal feed, was 21 mu g/kg dry weight (dw) in the whole-body composites of the silver carp compared to 57 mu g/kg dw in the bighead carp. C1 [Orazio, Carl E.; Chapman, Duane C.; May, Thomas W.; Meadows, John C.; Walther, Michael J.; Echols, Kathy R.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Deters, Joseph E.] ASRC Management Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Dierenfeld, Ellen S.] St Louis Zoo, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Orazio, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM corazio@usgs.gov FU USGS FX We thank Jessica Counihan for her expert assistance in fish collection and in filleting and dissecting the various tissues. Thanks to Diane Nicks for conducting the H4IIE dioxin equivalents assay. Thanks to George Tegerdine for conducting the gas chromatographic analysis. We appreciate the assistance of Michael McKee of the Missouri Department of Conservation, Jo Ellen Hinck of USGS, and biologist Joseph Boettcher. This project was funded by USGS. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 199 EP 213 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800014 ER PT S AU Little, EE Calfee, RD Fabacher, DL Sanders, L AF Little, Edward E. Calfee, Robin D. Fabacher, David L. Sanders, Laura BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Fright Reaction and Avoidance Induced by Exposure to Conspecific Skin Extracts in Invasive Bighead and Silver Carps SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSES; PREDATOR RECOGNITION; ALARM PHEROMONE; FISH PHEROMONES AB The response of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix to conspecific skin extracts was determined during free-field observations and avoidance tests. The extracts induced freezing/motionlessness, cessation of food-searching activities, and reduced swimming activity in the fish. Silver carp tended to avoid the area where the extract was released and a strong schooling response was induced in bighead carp. In avoidance tests using countercurrent chambers, young bighead carp (5-8 cm total length) were unresponsive to the skin extract (P > 0.05). However, in both species, older juveniles (12-25 cm total length) spent significantly less time (P < 0.01) in the side of the chamber receiving skin extract solutions. The extract was effective whether freshly prepared or aged at room temperature for 24 h. Freezing did not alter the effectiveness of fresh or frozen extracts. These studies suggest that bighead and silver carp are responsive to conspecific skin extracts and that the use of extracts might be useful to repel carp from habitats of concern. C1 [Little, Edward E.; Calfee, Robin D.; Fabacher, David L.; Sanders, Laura] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM elittle@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 215 EP 225 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800015 ER PT S AU Thomas, RG Jenkins, JA David, J AF Thomas, R. Glenn Jenkins, Jill A. David, Jody BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Occurrence and Distribution of Asian Carps in Louisiana SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID GRASS CARP; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FISH; DNA; PLOIDY; SILVER; BASIN AB In the 1970s, commercial fishers reported sightings of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in large rivers and associated backwaters of Louisiana; the first specimen in Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries' fishery independent sampling was recorded in 1976. Beginning in the early 1980s, commercial fishers noted increasing populations of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix (together, the bigheaded carps). Populations of bigheaded carps appear to be increasing at a much slower rate than in the Midwest, possibly due to limited suitability of and access to backwater habitat for juvenile fish. In 2002, harvester reports of sporadic captures of "different-looking" grass carp indicated the possible presence of black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. Because both normal diploid and triploid (in which triploidy has been induced to cause sterility) black carp have been stocked in the Mississippi basin, determination of the ploidy (number of chromosome sets) of these fishes is important. Since 2002, postmortem ploidy determinations using cells from eyeballs removed from six wild black carp captured in Louisiana showed each to be a normal diploid, indicative of breeding capability and potential reproducing populations. Although reported commercial landings of grass and bigheaded carps have been as high as 34,830 kg/year, limited market demand in past years resulted in many captures being discarded. A protocol for obtaining samples for easily determining ploidy is reported here. Accurate data on Asian carp distributions and their reproductive potential provides information to fisheries researchers that will be constructive in documenting the spread of these invasive species and in the assessment of risk to habitats. C1 [Thomas, R. Glenn] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [David, Jody] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Opelousas, LA 70570 USA. RP Thomas, RG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gthomas@agctr.lsu.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 239 EP 250 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800017 ER PT S AU Papoulias, DM Candrl, J Jenkins, JA Tillitt, DE AF Papoulias, Diana M. Candrl, James Jenkins, Jill A. Tillitt, Donald E. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Verification of Ploidy and Reproductive Potential in Triploid Black Carp and Grass Carp SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; LIKELIHOOD; SALMON AB The Asian black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus is of interest to the aquaculture industry in the United States as a biological control for snails and mollusks. However, past experience in North America with other Asian carps has raised concern that black carp will establish wild populations and negatively affect native populations of fish and invertebrates, especially mollusks. The demand for black carp has led biologists to seek ways to allow their use while at the same time maintaining control over their distribution and reproduction. Physical containment and restrictions on importation, release, and stocking have mostly failed. Control of reproduction holds more promise. The induction of triploidy (having three sets of chromosomes), which can render an individual biologically sterile, is of particular interest. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of proposed testing procedures used to assure genetic triploidy in black carp prior to distribution by the state of Missouri, using black carp and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Our objectives were to (1) verify if the ploidy determination methodology (nuclear size) employed was 100% accurate, (2) determine growth and survival of juvenile black carp over extended periods of time under laboratory and pond conditions, and (3) histologically examine development and gametogenesis in gonads collected from triploid and diploid black and grass carps of different ages and stages of maturation. Comparison of erythrocyte nuclear size using the Coulter counter method versus the more accurate method of flow cytometry that measures DNA content indicated an error rate of 0.25% by the former method. Black carp grew and survived well in mid-Missouri ponds. Triploid grass carp males appeared to produce functional gametes, and some triploid black carp male testes had apparently normal spermatocytes within cysts. A few normally developing oocytes at previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages were observed in triploid grass carp females, and a few normal perinuclear oocytes could be identified in triploid black carp females. Currently, the standards of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's triploid grass carp voluntary inspection program are being followed by some states to manage triploid black carp. Our results indicate that although the percentage of diploid black carp that could pass through the currently proposed screening program is small, overall numbers of diploid black carp distributed in a state could be substantial depending on the number of triploids distributed. Furthermore, despite indications that triploid male black carp can be expected to be functionally sterile, reproductive studies may be warranted given the large wild populations of diploid grass carp, bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and silver carp H. molitrix in the Mississippi River basin system. C1 [Papoulias, Diana M.; Candrl, James; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Papoulias, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dpapoulias@usgs.gov FU USGS Scientific Support Program; Aquatic Invasive Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Office FX The authors would like to thank Eugene Greer, Mandy Annis, Diane Nicks, Rachel Claunch, Cliff Wilson, and Vanessa Velez at the Columbia Environmental Research Center and Jeho Shin at the National Wetlands Research Center for their technical assistance. Valuable advice and additional assistance with permits and obtaining fish was provided by the late Tommy Crawford, Meghan Zimmerscheid, Steve Eider, and Jeff Kopplemann of the Missouri Department of Conservation. Jim Milligan, retired U.S. Fish and Wildlife, was the Fish and Wildlife Service cooperator for the initial funding provided through USGS Scientific Support Program. Additional funding was provided by the Aquatic Invasive Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Office. The authors also thank Jeff Koppelman and Kari Duncan for their review of earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 251 EP 266 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800018 ER PT S AU Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG AF Leslie, Anne R. Westbrooks, Randy G. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Invasive Plant Management Issues and Challenges in the United States: 2011 Overview Foreword SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Leslie, Anne R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Westbrooks, Randy G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC USA. RP Leslie, AR (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP XI EP XIII D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700002 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG Tasker, AV AF Westbrooks, Randy G. Tasker, Alan V. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Overview of Prohibited and Permitted Plant Regulatory Listing Systems SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB Pest risk analysis is a process that evaluates the risks involved with a proposed species to help determine whether it should be permitted or denied entry into a country, and how the risks could be managed if it is imported. The prohibited listing approach was developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s in response to outbreaks of plant and animals pests such as foot and mouth disease of livestock, Mediterranean fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann), and Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). Under this approach, selected species of concern are evaluated to determine if they should be regulated for entry. Under the permitted listing approach that was first used on a national level in Australia in the 1990s, all species that are proposed for introduction are assessed to determine if they should be regulated. C1 [Westbrooks, Randy G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. [Tasker, Alan V.] APHIS, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@intrstar.net NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 19 EP 28 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700004 ER PT S AU Iverson, RD Westbrooks, RG Eplee, RE Tasker, AV AF Iverson, Richard D. Westbrooks, Randy G. Eplee, Robert E. Tasker, Alan V. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Overview and Status of the Witchweed (Striga asiatica) Eradication Program in the Carolinas SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB Witchweed [(Striga asiatica (L.) O. Kuntze)] is a parasitic weed from Asia and Africa that attaches to the roots of grasses and grass crops such as corn and sorghum. Witchweed was first detected in the western hemisphere in a corn field in Columbus County, North Carolina, in July, 1956. Since that time, a federal/state cooperative program has eliminated over 99% of the 432,000+ acres that have been found infested with witchweed in the eastern Carolinas. This chapter provides an overview of the USDA-Carolinas Witchweed Eradication Program, as well as the methods and procedures that have been employed to achieve this remarkable level of success. C1 [Iverson, Richard D.] NCDA&CS, Div Plant Ind, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Westbrooks, Randy G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. [Eplee, Robert E.] APHIS, USDA, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. [Tasker, Alan V.] APHIS, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Iverson, RD (reprint author), NCDA&CS, Div Plant Ind, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. EM Rick.Iverson@ncagr.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 51 EP 68 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700008 ER PT S AU Lusk, M Ericson, J AF Lusk, Michael Ericson, Jenny BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Invasive Plant Management in the United States National Wildlife Refuge System SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRICETOMYS; FLORIDA; RAT AB Invasive species pose a significant challenge to the National Wildlife Refuge System and have been identified as the single most important threat to habitat management on refuges. At present, it is estimated that over 2 million acres of refuge lands are invaded by invasive plants. The current and potential costs of controlling invasive plants, as well as monitoring and restoring refuge lands, are significant both financially and ecologically. Budgetary expenditures for invasive species projects in FY 2009 totaled $18.4 million. A number of strategies are used to confront this threat and have resulted in success on a variety of levels. The Refuge System utilizes key partnerships, invasive species strike teams, and a dedicated cadre of volunteers to implement projects that incorporate mechanical, chemical and biological control methods. C1 [Lusk, Michael] Chassahowitzka Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Crystal River, FL 34429 USA. [Ericson, Jenny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Invas Species Program, Arlington, VA USA. RP Lusk, M (reprint author), Chassahowitzka Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Crystal River, FL 34429 USA. EM Michael_Lusk@fws.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 69 EP 80 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700009 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG AF Westbrooks, Randy G. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Federal Interagency Coordination for Invasive Plant Issues - The Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW) SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The U.S. Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW) is a formal partnership between 16 federal agencies that have invasive plant management and regulatory responsibilities for the United States and its territories. Efforts to develop a national level federal interagency committee to coordinate federal activities were initiated by national weed program managers with the USDA Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management in 1989. FICMNEW was formally established through a Memorandum of Understanding that was signed by agency administrators of member agencies in August, 1994. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@intrstar.net NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 121 EP 128 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700013 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG AF Westbrooks, Randy G. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Interagency Partnering for Weed Prevention - Progress on Development of a National Early Detection and Rapid Response System for Invasive Plants in the United States SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Over the past 50 years, experience has shown that interagency groups provide an effective forum for addressing various invasive species issues and challenges on multiple land units. However, more importantly, they can also provide a coordinated framework for early detection, reporting, identification and vouchering, rapid assessment, and rapid response to new and emerging invasive plants in the United States. Interagency collaboration maximizes the use of available expertise, resources, and authority for promoting early detection and rapid response (EDRR) as the preferred management option for addressing new and emerging invasive plants. Currently, an interagency effort is underway to develop a National EDRR System for Invasive Plants in the United States. The proposed system will include structural and informational elements. Structural elements of the system include a network of interagency partner groups to facilitate early detection and rapid response to new invasive plants, including the Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW), State Invasive Species Councils, State Early Detection and Rapid Response Coordinating Committees, State Volunteer Detection and Reporting Networks, Invasive Plant Task Forces, and Cooperative Weed Management Areas. Informational elements and products being developed include Regional Invasive Plant Atlases, and EDRR Guidelines for EDRR Volunteer Network Training, Rapid Assessment and Rapid Response, and Criteria for Selection of EDRR Species. System science and technical support elements which are provided by cooperating state and federal scientists, include EDRR guidelines, training curriculum for EDRR volunteers and agency field personnel, plant identification and vouchering, rapid assessments, as well as predictive modeling and ecological range studies for invasive plant species. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@intrstar.net NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 135 EP 142 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700015 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG Brabson, EN AF Westbrooks, Randy G. Brabson, Elizabeth N. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Overview and History of the Beach Vitex Task Force - An Interagency Partnership in Action SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB Beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia L. f.), a woody vine from Korea, was introduced into the United States as a dune stabilization plant in the mid-1980s. By the mid- to late-1990s, Beach vitex was observed spreading from landscape plantings along the South Carolina coast, crowding out native dune species. In 2003, in response to concerns about possible impacts of the plant on native dune species, as well as loggerhead sea turtle nesting habitat, the South Carolina Beach Vitex Task Force was organized to address the problem. Since that time, the effort to control Beach vitex has expanded to include North Carolina, and more recently, Virginia. C1 [Westbrooks, Randy G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. [Brabson, Elizabeth N.] Beach Vitex Task Force, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 159 EP 168 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700017 ER PT S AU Brigham, LA Brusca, R Betancourt, J AF Brigham, Lindy A. Brusca, Richard Betancourt, Julio BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Cooperation across Federal and Local Jurisdictions for Invasive Species Management: Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) in Southern Arizona SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] is a drought tolerant, fire adapted, perennial grass that is aggressively invading the Sonoran Desert. Buffelgrass is outcompeting the native vegetation even in the absence of fire and is threatening to destroy the unique environment that gives southern Arizona its appeal. In 2008, concerned citizens from the community representing agencies and organizations engaged in commerce, advocacy and government came together to create the Southern Arizona Buffelgrass Coordination Center (SABCC) with the goal of working across jurisdictional boundaries to mitigate the threat of buffelgrass to the economic and aesthetic values of the community. The SABCC is currently working both at the federal level to obtain funding for buffelgrass eradication and at the local level involving land managers and citizen volunteer groups. C1 [Brigham, Lindy A.] So Arizona Buffelgrass Coordinat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Brusca, Richard] Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA. [Betancourt, Julio] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Brigham, LA (reprint author), So Arizona Buffelgrass Coordinat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lbrigham@ag.arizona.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 189 EP 200 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700019 ER PT S AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Suzuoki, Y Bannister, T AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina Suzuoki, Yukihiro Bannister, Terri BE Panigrahy, S Ray, SS Huete, AR TI OIL DETECTION IN A COASTAL MARSH WITH POLARIMETRIC SAR SO ISPRS BHOPAL 2011 WORKSHOP EARTH OBSERVATION FOR TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Bhopal Workshop on Earth Observation for Terrestrial Ecosystem CY NOV 08, 2011 CL Bhopal, INDIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina; Bannister, Terri] US Geol Survey, Five Rivers Serv LLC, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Suzuoki, Yukihiro] ASci Corp Inc, Mclean, VA USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2011 VL 38-8 IS W20 BP 204 EP 204 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1WG UT WOS:000358386000041 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ding, XL Lu, Z AF Zhang, Lei Ding, Xiaoli Lu, Zhong TI Ground settlement monitoring based on temporarily coherent points between two SAR acquisitions SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE SAR; Monitoring; Statistics; Change detection; Comparison ID PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; INTERFEROMETRY; GLACIER; INTERFEROGRAMS; REGISTRATION; ALGORITHM; MORENO; IMAGES; MAPS AB An InSAR analysis approach for identifying and extracting the temporarily coherent points (TCP) that exist between two SAR acquisitions and for determining motions of the TCP is presented for applications such as ground settlement monitoring. TCP are identified based on the spatial characteristics of the range and azimuth offsets of coherent radar scatterers. A method for coregistering TCP based on the offsets of TCP is given to reduce the coregistration errors at TCP. An improved phase unwrapping method based on the minimum cost flow (MCF) algorithm and local Delaunay triangulation is also proposed for sparse TCP data. The proposed algorithms are validated using a test site in Hong Kong. The test results show that the algorithms work satisfactorily for various ground features. (C) 2010 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Lei; Ding, Xiaoli] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kln, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Ding, XL (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kln, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM lsxlding@polyu.edu.hk RI Ding, Xiaoli/K-4596-2013; Zhang, Lei/A-1412-2014 OI Ding, Xiaoli/0000-0002-5733-3629; Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-8152-2470 FU Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [PolyU 5155/07E]; Faculty of Construction and Land Use, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University FX The authors would like to thank Prof. Olaf H.A. Hellwich and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. The first author is supported by a Ph.D. studentship offered by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The research was supported by the Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (project number: PolyU 5155/07E), and the Sustainable Urbanisation Research Fund (SURF) of the Faculty of Construction and Land Use, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 66 IS 1 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.10.004 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 715BH UT WOS:000286854900014 ER PT J AU Nadoll, P Koenig, AE AF Nadoll, Patrick Koenig, Alan E. TI LA-ICP-MS of magnetite: methods and reference materials SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRACE-ELEMENT COMPOSITION; GLASS REFERENCE MATERIALS; LASER-ABLATION; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; OXIDE MINERALS; ID-TIMS; SRM 610; CALIBRATION; STANDARD AB Magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) is a common accessory mineral in many geologic settings. Its variable geochemistry makes it a powerful petrogenetic indicator. Electron microprobe (EMPA) analyses are commonly used to examine major and minor element contents in magnetite. Laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) is applicable to trace element analyses of magnetite but has not been widely employed to examine compositional variations. We tested the applicability of the NIST SRM 610, the USGS GSE-1G, and the NIST SRM 2782 reference materials (RMs) as external standards and developed a reliable method for LA-ICP-MS analysis of magnetite. LA-ICP-MS analyses were carried out on well characterized magnetite samples with a 193 nm, Excimer, ArF LA system. Although matrix-matched RMs are sometimes important for calibration and normalization of LA-ICP-MS data, we demonstrate that glass RMs can produce accurate results for LA-ICP-MS analyses of magnetite. Cross-comparison between the NIST SRM 610 and USGS GSE-1G indicates good agreement for magnetite minor and trace element data calibrated with either of these RMs. Many elements show a sufficiently good match between the LA-ICP-MS and the EMPA data; for example, Ti and V show a close to linear relationship with correlation coefficients, R(2) of 0.79 and 0.85 respectively. C1 [Nadoll, Patrick] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nadoll, P (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Room 1031,Bldg 301,23 Symonds St, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM p.nadoll@auckland.ac.nz OI Nadoll, Patrick/0000-0002-4061-7203 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS [3607415/06HQGR0173] FX Research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS award number 3607415/06HQGR0173. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1872 EP 1877 DI 10.1039/c1ja10105f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 808WY UT WOS:000294013900022 ER PT J AU Kurobe, T MacConnell, E Hudson, C McDowell, TS Mardones, FO Hedrick, RP AF Kurobe, T. MacConnell, E. Hudson, C. McDowell, T. S. Mardones, F. O. Hedrick, R. P. TI Iridovirus Infections among Missouri River Sturgeon: Initial Characterization, Transmission, and Evidence for Establishment of a Carrier State SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID WHITE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; CELL-LINES; OUTBREAKS; DISEASE; WSIV AB Iridovirus infections of the integument were associated with disease and mortality among hatchery-reared populations of juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus from the Missouri River. Virus-infected cells in the integument of fins and body were greatly enlarged, possessed pleomorphic and eccentric nuclei, and exhibited an amphophilic to eosinophilic staining of the cytoplasm in hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. Virus particles found in the host cell cytoplasm were composed of an outer hexagonal capsid measuring 254 nm in diameter and surrounding a dense nucleoid. Despite numerous attempts, the virus could not be propagated on routine cell lines used in fish viral diagnostics or from established cell lines from white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, pallid sturgeon, or shovelnose sturgeon. Bath exposures of healthy juvenile pallid sturgeon to a crude extract or a 0.45-mu m-filtered extract from the fins of infected fish resulted in transmission of the virus and mortality. At water temperatures of 15 degrees C, the first deaths occurred at approximately 1 month; mortality peaked between 50 and 60 d postexposure, after which surviving fish recovered. Presence of the virus was confirmed among dead and moribund pallid sturgeon by both histology and detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction methods. Feeding of infected tissues and cohabitation with virus-infected shovelnose sturgeon also resulted in successful virus transmission to juvenile pallid sturgeon. Virus infections among experimentally exposed pallid sturgeon that recovered from clinical episodes persisted for at least 8.5 months, and these apparently healthy fish transmitted the virus and disease to juvenile pallid sturgeon by cohabitation. The newly described Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (MRSIV) as found in pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon shares many properties with a group of iridoviruses associated with serious skin and gill infections in several species of sturgeon. C1 [Mardones, F. O.; Hedrick, R. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [MacConnell, E.; Hudson, C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu RI Mardones, Fernando/G-2488-2012 OI Mardones, Fernando/0000-0003-1228-5392 FU Army Corps of Engineers [W9128R-07-P-0125]; Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture at the University of California, Davis FX This work was supported in part by the Army Corps of Engineers (W9128R-07-P-0125) and by the Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture at the University of California, Davis. The authors thank Susan Yun for technical support; the Upper Basin Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Workgroup; and Rob Holm, Matt Toner, and the hatchery personnel of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their assistance. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.545697 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 750TL UT WOS:000289570800002 PM 21699132 ER PT J AU Badil, S Elliott, DG Kurobe, T Hedrick, RP Clemens, K Blair, M Purcell, MK AF Badil, Samantha Elliott, Diane G. Kurobe, Tomofumi Hedrick, Ronald P. Clemens, Kathy Blair, Marilyn Purcell, Maureen K. TI Comparative Evaluation of Molecular Diagnostic Tests for Nucleospora salmonis and Prevalence in Migrating Juvenile Salmonids from the Snake River, USA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; INTRANUCLEAR MICROSPORIDIUM; ENTEROCYTOZOON-SALMONIS; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA; INFECTIONS; COLUMBIA AB Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian that primarily infects lymphoblast cells and contributes to chronic lymphoblastosis and a leukemia-like condition in a range of salmonid species. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of N. salmonis in out-migrating juvenile hatchery and wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss from the Snake River in the U. S. Pacific Northwest. To achieve this goal, we first addressed the following concerns about current molecular diagnostic tests for N. salmonis: (1) nonspecific amplification patterns by the published nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) test, (2) incomplete validation of the published quantitative PCR (qPCR) test, and (3) whether N. salmonis can be detected reliably from nonlethal samples. Here, we present an optimized nPCR protocol that eliminates nonspecific amplification. During validation of the published qPCR test, our laboratory developed a second qPCR test that targeted a different gene sequence and used different probe chemistry for comparison purposes. We simultaneously evaluated the two different qPCR tests for N. salmonis and found that both assays were highly specific, sensitive, and repeatable. The nPCR and qPCR tests had good overall concordance when DNA samples derived from both apparently healthy and clinically diseased hatchery rainbow trout were tested. Finally, we demonstrated that gill snips were a suitable tissue for nonlethal detection of N. salmonis DNA in juvenile salmonids. Monitoring of juvenile salmonid fish in the Snake River over a 3-year period revealed low prevalence of N. salmonis in hatchery and wild Chinook salmon and wild steelhead but significantly higher prevalence in hatchery-derived steelhead. Routine monitoring of N. salmonis is not performed for all hatchery steelhead populations. At present, the possible contribution of this pathogen to delayed mortality of steelhead has not been determined. C1 [Badil, Samantha; Elliott, Diane G.; Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kurobe, Tomofumi; Hedrick, Ronald P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Clemens, Kathy; Blair, Marilyn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fish Hlth Ctr, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [DACW57-00-0009, W68SBV60307671, W68SBV6041861]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; California Department of Fish and Game FX This research was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (contracts DACW57-00-0009, number 11, W68SBV60307671, and W68SBV6041861), the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the California Department of Fish and Game. The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Constance McKibben, LynnMarie Applegate, Anthony Murray, Carla Conway, Lisa Wetzel, and Sacha Mosterd (Western Fisheries Research Center). Representative DNA from Ovipleistophora ovariae, Loma salmonae, and Ceratomyxa shasta were obtained from Andy Goodwin (University of Arkansas), Mike Kent (Oregon State University), and Sascha Hallet (Oregon State University), respectively. Positive N. salmonis material was obtained from Carla Hogge (Idaho Fish and Game). The mention of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U. S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. Department of Interior of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.559418 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 750TL UT WOS:000289570800003 PM 21699133 ER PT J AU Fleming, BP Huffman, DG Bonner, TH Brandt, TM AF Fleming, B. Paul Huffman, David G. Bonner, Timothy H. Brandt, Thomas M. TI Metacercarial Distribution of Centrocestus formosanus among Fish Hosts in the Guadalupe River Drainage of Texas SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; RED-RIM MELANIA; SNAIL MELANOIDES-TUBERCULATA; DARTER ETHEOSTOMA-FONTICOLA; DEEP-STORAGE RESERVOIR; EXOTIC AQUATIC SNAIL; FOUNTAIN DARTER; HETEROPHYID TREMATODE; HELMINTH-PARASITES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY AB We examined the gills of wild fish collected from central Texas for Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae to determine whether this temperature-restricted parasite had invaded the thermally dynamic Guadalupe River via an introduced population in its thermally stable tributary, the Comal River. We collected fish from three sites in the Guadalupe River near its confluence with the Comal River (upstream, at, and downstream) and one site in the Comal River. Centrocestus formosanus infected 14 of the 25 species examined (56.0%) and 171 of the individual fish (27.1%). Several of the infected fish represent new host records for the parasite, and two are listed as species of special concern by the state of Texas. Mean metacercarial intensities varied from 8 to 616 among species, and the highest recorded intensity was greater than 800 in two Guadalupe roundnose minnow Dionda nigrotaeniata. Among the 24 species examined from the Guadalupe River, 11 (45.8%) were infected with C. formosanus. Thorough surveys at the study sites yielded no living specimens of the first obligate intermediate snail host (red-rim melania Melanoides tuberculatus), which must be present to perpetuate the parasite. Thus, the infections were probably due to drifting cercariae that had been shed into the water column upstream of the study area in the Comal River. We therefore investigated spatial patterns in cercarial acquisition using caged fish to determine whether drifting cercariae were present in the water column at the study sites. Of 57 uninfected blacktail shiners Cyprinella venusta exposed to Guadalupe River water downstream from and at the confluence, 52 (91.2%) became infected with C. formosanus metacercariae at a mean rate of 4 metacercariae/d. This finding extends the known geographic range of this invasive exotic parasite and is the first report of the life cycle being advanced in the fish assemblage of a thermally variable temperate stream in the USA. C1 [Fleming, B. Paul; Huffman, David G.; Bonner, Timothy H.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Brandt, Thomas M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Fleming, BP (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM paul.fleming@tpwd.state.tx.us NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.616840 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 836UQ UT WOS:000296139400002 PM 22216710 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Gregg, JL Grady, CA LaPatra, SE Winton, JR AF Hershberger, P. K. Gregg, J. L. Grady, C. A. LaPatra, S. E. Winton, J. R. TI Passive Immunization of Pacific Herring against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; EGTVED VIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION; ANTIBODIES; SOUND AB The plasma of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii that survived laboratory-induced viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) epizootics contained humoral substances that, when injected into naive animals, conferred passive immunity against the disease. Among groups exposed to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), injection of donor plasma from VHS survivors resulted in significantly greater survival (50%) and significantly lower tissue titers (1.5 x 10(5) plaque-forming units [PFU]/g) than the injection of plasma from VHSV-naive donors (6% survival; 3.7 x 10(6) PFU/g). Additionally, the magnitude of the protective immune response increased during the postexposure period; plasma that was collected from survivors at 123 d postexposure (931 degree-days) provided greater protection than plasma collected from survivors at 60 d postexposure (409 degree-days). These results provide proof of concept that the VHSV exposure history of Pacific herring populations can be determined post hoc; furthermore, the results can be used as the foundation for developing additional high-throughput diagnostic techniques that may be effective at quantifying herd immunity and forecasting the potential for future VHS epizootics in populations of wild Pacific herring. C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Gregg, J. L.; Grady, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. [Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (Project Number 070819) and by the U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. Technical assistance was provided by R. Wade and L. Taylor (U. S. Geological Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Station). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U. S. Department of Interior or the U. S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.616838 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 836UQ UT WOS:000296139400005 PM 22216713 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Getchell, RG McClure, CA Garver, KA AF Purcell, Maureen K. Getchell, Rodman G. McClure, Carol A. Garver, Kyle A. TI Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Detection of Aquatic Animal Pathogens in a Diagnostic Laboratory Setting SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; INFECTIOUS-SALMON-ANEMIA; NUCLEIC-ACID AMPLIFICATION; HEMATOPOIETIC-NECROSIS-VIRUS; LATENT-CLASS ANALYSIS; QUALITY-CONTROL; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PERKINSUS-MARINUS AB Real-time, or quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is quickly supplanting other molecular methods for detecting the nucleic acids of human and other animal pathogens owing to the speed and robustness of the technology. As the aquatic animal health community moves toward implementing national diagnostic testing schemes, it will need to evaluate how qPCR technology should be employed. This review outlines the basic principles of qPCR technology, considerations for assay development, standards and controls, assay performance, diagnostic validation, implementation in the diagnostic laboratory, and quality assurance and control measures. These factors are fundamental for ensuring the validity of qPCR assay results obtained in the diagnostic laboratory setting. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Getchell, Rodman G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McClure, Carol A.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Ctr Aquat Hlth Sci, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Garver, Kyle A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Aquat Anim Hlth, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov RI PONNERASSERY, Sudheesh/C-4589-2014; OI Getchell, Rodman/0000-0003-4063-4668; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 85 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 148 EP 161 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.620217 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 836UQ UT WOS:000296139400006 PM 22216714 ER PT J AU Fetherman, ER Winkelman, DL Schisler, GJ Myrick, CA AF Fetherman, Eric R. Winkelman, Dana L. Schisler, George J. Myrick, Christopher A. TI The Effects of Myxobolus cerebralis on the Physiological Performance of Whirling Disease Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Rainbow Trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UPPER COLORADO RIVER; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BROWN TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WILD FISH; EXPOSURE; POPULATIONS; TRUTTA AB The development of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss strains that are resistant to whirling disease has shown promise as a management tool for populations in areas where Myxobolus cerebralis is present. However, the physiological effects of the disease on characteristics necessary for fish survival in natural river conditions have not been tested in many of these strains. Five rainbow trout strains were evaluated for their swimming ability and growth characteristics in relation to M. cerebralis exposure: the resistant German rainbow trout (GR) strain (Hofer strain), the susceptible Colorado River rainbow trout (CRR) strain, and three intermediate (hybrid) strains (F(1) = GR x CRR; F(2) = F(1) x F(1); B(2) = backcross of F(1) x CRR). Three broad response patterns among strain and exposure were evident in our study. First, exposure metrics, growth performance, and swimming ability differed among strains. Second, exposure to the parasite did not necessarily produce differences in growth or swimming ability. Exposure to M. cerebralis did not affect batch weight for any strain, and critical swimming velocity did not differ between exposed and unexposed families. Third, although exposure did not necessarily affect growth or swimming ability, individuals that exhibited clinical deformities did show reduced growth and swimming performance; fish with clinical deformities were significantly smaller and had lower critical swimming velocities than exposed fish without clinical deformities. Research and management have focused on GR x CRR hybrid strains; however, given the performance of the GR strain in our study, it should not be discounted as a potential broodstock. Additional field trials comparing the GR and F(1) strains should be conducted before wholesale adoption of the GR strain to reestablish rainbow trout populations in Colorado. C1 [Fetherman, Eric R.; Myrick, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schisler, George J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Parvin Lake Res Stn, Red Feather Lakes, CO 80545 USA. RP Fetherman, ER (reprint author), Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM eric.fetherman@colostate.edu FU Whirling Disease Foundation; CDOW through the U.S. Geological Survey's Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This research was funded by the Whirling Disease Foundation and CDOW through the U.S. Geological Survey's Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. We thank T. McDowell and R. Hedrick (University of California-Davis) and R. Barry Nehring (CDOW) for providing TAMs for the experimental exposures; P. Schler and A. Avalos (CDOW Bellvue Fish Research Hatchery) for helping with broodstock and strain development; and M. Brandt, M. McGree, A. Zamora, B. Lanckriet, and M. Catanese for their laboratory assistance. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.630273 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 881SO UT WOS:000299509000001 PM 22372244 ER PT J AU Cornwell, ER Eckerlin, GE Getchell, RG Groocock, GH Thompson, TM Batts, WN Casey, RN Kurath, G Winton, JR Bowser, PR Bain, MB Casey, JW AF Cornwell, Emily R. Eckerlin, Geofrey E. Getchell, Rodman G. Groocock, Geoffrey H. Thompson, Tarin M. Batts, William N. Casey, Rufina N. Kurath, Gael Winton, James R. Bowser, Paul R. Bain, Mark B. Casey, James W. TI Detection of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus by Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction from Two Fish Species at Two Sites in Lake Superior SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; COD GADUS-MORHUA; EPC CELL-LINE; ULCUS-SYNDROME; VHSV; SEA; IVB; RHABDOVIRUS AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was first detected in the Laurentian Great Lakes in 2005 during a mortality event in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Subsequent analysis of archived samples determined that the first known isolation of VHSV in the Laurentian Great Lakes was from a muskellunge Esox masquinongy collected in Lake St. Clair in 2003. By the end of 2008, mortality events and viral isolations had occurred in all of the Laurentian Great Lakes except Lake Superior. In 2009, a focused disease surveillance program was designed to determine whether VHSV was also present in Lake Superior. In this survey, 874 fish from 7 sites along the U. S. shoreline of Lake Superior were collected during June 2009. Collections were focused on nearshore species known to be susceptible to VHSV. All fish were dissected individually by using aseptic techniques and were tested for the presence of VHSV genetic material by use of a quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the viral nucleoprotein gene. Seventeen fish from two host species at two different sites tested positive at low levels for VHSV. All attempts to isolate virus in cell culture were unsuccessful. However, the presence of viral RNA was confirmed independently in five fish by using a nested PCR that targeted the glycoprotein (G) gene. Partial G gene sequences obtained from three fish were identical to the corresponding sequence from the original 2003 VHSV isolate (MI03) from muskellunge. These detections represent the earliest evidence for the presence of VHSV in Lake Superior and illustrate the utility of the highly sensitive qRT-PCR assay for disease surveillance in aquatic animals. C1 [Cornwell, Emily R.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Casey, Rufina N.; Bowser, Paul R.; Casey, James W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Eckerlin, Geofrey E.] SUNY Syracuse, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Thompson, Tarin M.; Batts, William N.; Kurath, Gael; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bain, Mark B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cornwell, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Upper Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erc58@cornell.edu OI Getchell, Rodman/0000-0003-4063-4668 FU USDA-APHIS [09-9136-1254-CA]; Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station [NYC-147446] FX We thank Mohd. Zafri Hassan for assistance in collecting fish; Lindsay Glasner, Camille Duhamel, Andrew Sylora, Jeffrey Tokman, Anthony Monroe, Mrinalini Modak, Randall Meyer, and Kristine Hope for help in dissecting fish; and Janet Warg at the NVSL (USDA-APHIS) for help in confirmatory testing of tissue samples. We are also indebted to the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan for providing scientific collection permits. This work was supported by USDA-APHIS (Agreement Number 09-9136-1254-CA) and by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (Project Number NYC-147446). The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Cornell University. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.644411 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 881SO UT WOS:000299509000006 PM 22372249 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Phillips-Mao, L Quiram, G Sharpe, L Stark, R Sugita, S Weiler, A AF Larson, Diane L. Phillips-Mao, Laura Quiram, Gina Sharpe, Leah Stark, Rebecca Sugita, Shinya Weiler, Annie TI A framework for sustainable invasive species management Environmental, social, and economic objectives SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Invasive species; Management; Objectives; Sustainability ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; LEAFY SPURGE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PREVENTION STRATEGIES; WEED MANAGEMENT; PLANT INVASIONS; PEST-MANAGEMENT AB Applying the concept of sustainability to invasive species management (ISM) is challenging but necessary given the increasing rates of invasion and the high costs of invasion impacts and control To be sustainable ISM must address environmental social and economic factors (or pillars) that influence the causes impacts and control of invasive species across multiple spatial and temporal scales Although these pillars are generally acknowledged their implementation is often limited by insufficient control options and significant economic and political constraints In this paper we outline specific objectives in each of these three pillars that, if incorporated into a management plan will improve the plan s likelihood of sustainability We then examine three case studies that illustrate how these objectives can be effectively implemented Each pillar reinforces the others such that the inclusion of even a few of the outlined objectives will lead to more effective management that achieves ecological goals while generating social support and long-term funding to maintain projects to completion We encourage agency directors and policy-makers to consider sustainability principles when developing funding schemes management agendas and policy Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Phillips-Mao, Laura; Quiram, Gina; Sharpe, Leah; Stark, Rebecca; Sugita, Shinya; Weiler, Annie] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 93 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 11 U2 91 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.025 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682ZQ UT WOS:000284441900002 PM 20832931 ER PT J AU Hubbard, L Kolpin, DW Kalkhoff, SJ Robertson, DM AF Hubbard, L. Kolpin, D. W. Kalkhoff, S. J. Robertson, D. M. TI Nutrient and Sediment Concentrations and Corresponding Loads during the Historic June 2008 Flooding in Eastern Iowa SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; ILLINOIS; NITRATE; EXPORT AB A combination of above-normal precipitation during the winter and spring of 2007-2008 and extensive rainfall during June 2008 led to severe flooding in many parts of the midwestern United States. This resulted in transport of substantial amounts of nutrients and sediment from Iowa basins into the Mississippi River. Water samples were collected from 31 sites on six large Iowa tributaries to the Mississippi River to characterize water quality and to quantify nutrient and sediment loads during this extreme discharge event. Each sample was analyzed for total nitrogen, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, dissolved ammonia as nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, and suspended sediment. Concentrations measured near peak flow in June 2008 were compared with the corresponding mean concentrations from June 1979 to 2007 using a paired t test. While there was no consistent pattern in concentrations between historical samples and those from the 2008 flood, increased flow during the flood resulted in near-peak June 2008 flood daily loads that were statistically greater (p < 0.05) than the median June 1979 to 2007 daily loads for all constituents. Estimates of loads for the 16-d period during the flood were calculated for four major tributaries and totaled 4.95 x 10(7) kg of nitrogen (N) and 2.9 x 10(6) kg of phosphorus (P) leaving Iowa, which accounted for about 22 and 46% of the total average annual nutrient yield, respectively. This study demonstrates the importance of large flood events to the total annual nutrient load in both small streams and large rivers. C1 [Hubbard, L.; Kolpin, D. W.; Kalkhoff, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Robertson, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Hubbard, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. EM lhubbard@usgs.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596; Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 FU National Water-Quality Assessment Program; USGS Central Region and Headquarters; USGS FX The authors thank the USGS Iowa Water Science Center staff for their assistance in sample collection and gage preservation under difficult conditions. The authors also thank the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program and National Water-Quality Assessment Program for its support of this study. Additional support was provided by USGS Central Region and Headquarters. The authors thank Paul Capel and Claire Rose for their constructive comments to this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0257 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700DP UT WOS:000285715300019 PM 21488505 ER PT J AU Lorenz, OT O'Connell, MT Schofield, PJ AF Lorenz, O. Thomas O'Connell, Martin T. Schofield, Pamela J. TI Aggressive interactions between the invasive Rio Grande cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) and native bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), with notes on redspotted sunfish (Lepomis miniatus) SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aggression; Centrarchid; Cichlid invasive; Residence ID CONVICT CICHLIDS; CICHLASOMA-NIGROFASCIATUM; PRIOR RESIDENCE; SEQUENTIAL ASSESSMENT; SIZE; CONTESTS; EXPERIENCE; DEFENSE; FISHES; GROWTH AB The Rio Grande cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) has been established in the Greater New Orleans Metropolitan area for at least 20 years, and its effect on native fishes is unknown. Behavioral trials were performed to determine if aggressive interactions occur between invasive H. cyanoguttatus and native bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). When defending a territory as the resident, L. macrochirus were markedly aggressive, averaging 11.6 aggressive actions per 10-min behavioral trial. In contrast, L. macrochirus were extremely passive as invaders, with 0.5 aggressive actions per trial. Herichthys cyanoguttatus were equally aggressive as residents and as invaders, averaging 4.9 and 6.0 aggressive actions per trial, respectively. Herichthys cyanoguttatus interacted aggressively with native species whether they held territory or not, indicating that this invasive species may have fundamentally different strategies of aggression compared with native L. macrochirus. These differences may explain the continued success of H. cyanoguttatus as an invasive fish in southeastern Louisiana. C1 [Lorenz, O. Thomas; O'Connell, Martin T.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Lorenz, OT (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM otlorenz3@yahoo.com FU Louisiana Board of Regents; Coastal Restoration and Enhancement FX This research was supported by a Louisiana Board of Regents Graduate Student Fellowship and by a scholarship from the Coastal Restoration and Enhancement through Science and Technology program (CREST). Fishes were collected under Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Scientific Freshwater Collecting Permit # 64-2007 and handled in accordance with IACUC permit # UNO-171. We thank M.N. Taracena, J. Van Vrancken, C. S. Schieble, and A. M. U. O'Connell for help with fieldwork. J. Howard, F. Jordan and D. Slone provided valuable advice on experimental design and data analyses. We also thank R. C. Cashner, J. M. King, and S. L. Penland for their continued encouragement and support of these endeavors. This manuscript represents publication No. 5 for the Nekton Research Laboratory, Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10164-010-0219-z PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 700OS UT WOS:000285754300007 ER PT J AU von Biela, VR Zimmerman, CE Moulton, LL AF von Biela, V. R. Zimmerman, C. E. Moulton, L. L. TI Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beaufort Sea; climate proxy; Colville River; Mackenzie River; otolith; sea ice ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PRUDHOE BAY-REGION; BEAUFORT SEA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MACKENZIE RIVER; COLVILLE RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRESH-WATER; FOOD WEBS AB Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis young-of-year (YOY) growth was used as a proxy to examine the long-term response of a high-latitude fish population to changing climate from 1978 to 2004. YOY growth increased over time (r(2) = 0.29) and was correlated with monthly averages of the Arctic oscillation index, air temperature, east wind speed, sea-ice concentration and river discharge with and without time lags. Overall, the most prevalent correlates to YOY growth were sea-ice concentration lagged 1 year (significant correlations in 7 months; r(2) = 0.14-0.31) and Mackenzie River discharge lagged 2 years (significant correlations in 8 months; r(2) = 0.13-0.50). The results suggest that decreased sea-ice concentrations and increased river discharge fuel primary production and that life cycles of prey species linking increased primary production to fish growth are responsible for the time lag. Oceanographic studies also suggest that sea ice concentration and fluvial inputs from the Mackenzie River are key factors influencing productivity in the Beaufort Sea. Future research should assess the possible mechanism relating sea ice concentration and river discharge to productivity at upper trophic levels. (C) 2010 The Authors C1 [von Biela, V. R.; Zimmerman, C. E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Moulton, L. L.] MJM Res, Lopez Isl, WA 98261 USA. RP von Biela, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU U.S. Geological Survey and Minerals Management Service FX Sample collections for this report were made available to our laboratory by LGL Limited, ABR Inc. (J. Seigle), ConocoPhillips (Alaska), and Minerals Management Service (K. Wedemeyer). Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and Minerals Management Service. D. C. Douglas provided sea-ice concentration data and useful comments. L. Thorsteinson and B. Wells provided useful comments that improved this manuscript. We thank J. L. Nielsen for helpful discussions concerning C. autumnalis and this study. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 78 IS 1 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02832.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 706JH UT WOS:000286214100003 PM 21235545 ER PT J AU Grady, CA Gregg, JL Wade, RM Winton, JR Hershberger, PK AF Grady, C. A. Gregg, J. L. Wade, R. M. Winton, J. R. Hershberger, P. K. TI Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE fin explant; herd immunity; Pacific herring; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus; viral replication in excised fin tissues ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; IMMUNIZATION AB Procedures for a viral replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) assay were adapted to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, and optimized both to reduce processing time and to provide the greatest resolution between naive herring and those previously exposed to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), Genogroup IVa. The optimized procedures included removal of the left pectoral fin from a euthanized fish, inoculation of the fin with > 105 plaque-forming units (PFU) mL-1 VHSV for 1 h, rinsing the fin in fresh medium six times to remove unadsorbed virions, incubation of the fin in fresh medium for 4 days and enumeration of the viral titre in a sample of the incubation medium by plaque assay. The optimized VREFT assay was effective at identifying the prior exposure history of laboratory-reared Pacific herring to VHSV. The geometric mean VREFT value was significantly greater (P < 0.01) among naive herring (1.2 x 103 PFU mL-1) than among groups that survived exposure to VHSV (1.0-2.9 x 102 PFU mL-1); additionally, the proportion of cultures with no detectable virus was significantly greater (P = 0.0002) among fish that survived exposure to VHSV (39-47%) than among naive fish (3.3%). The optimized VREFT assay demonstrates promise for identifying VHSV exposure history and forecasting disease potential in populations of wild Pacific herring. C1 [Grady, C. A.; Gregg, J. L.; Wade, R. M.; Hershberger, P. K.] USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; U.S. Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program FX The authors acknowledge Dr M. Purcell (Western Fisheries Research Center) for providing immunological and methological insights. Technical assistance was provided by L. Taylor (Marrowstone Marine Field Station). Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 070819 and U.S. Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01210.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 700SV UT WOS:000285765500002 PM 21118270 ER PT J AU Goertz, CEC Mulcahy, DM AF Goertz, C. E. C. Mulcahy, D. M. TI Attempted surgical correction of single- and multiyear post-ovulatory egg stasis in yellow and red Irish lords, Hemilepidotus jordani (Bean) and Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (Tilesius) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE egg stasis; fish; Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus; Hemilepidotus jordani; Irish lord; surgery ID GREEN BLOOD-PLASMA; MARINE FISH C1 [Goertz, C. E. C.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Mulcahy, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Goertz, CEC (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM carrie_goertz@alaskasealife.org NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01214.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 700SV UT WOS:000285765500010 PM 21210549 ER PT J AU Buongiorno, J Raunikar, R Zhu, SSA AF Buongiorno, Joseph Raunikar, Ronald Zhu, Shushuai TI Consequences of increasing bioenergy demand on wood and forests: An application of the Global Forest Products Model SO JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Forest sector; Modeling; Bioenergy; Fuelwood; Wood products; Prices; Demand; Supply; Trade ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS AB The Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) was applied to project the consequences for the global forest sector of doubling the rate of growth of bioenergy demand relative to a base scenario, other drivers being maintained constant. The results showed that this would lead to the convergence of the price of fuelwood and industrial roundwood, raising the price of industrial roundwood by nearly 30% in 2030. The price of sawnwood and panels would be 15% higher. The price of paper would be 3% higher. Concurrently, the demand for all manufactured wood products would be lower in all countries, but the production would rise in countries with competitive advantage. The global value added in wood processing industries would be 1% lower in 2030. The forest stock would be 2% lower for the world and 4% lower for Asia. These effects varied substantially by country. (C) 2011 Department of Forest Economics, SLU Umea Sweden. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Buongiorno, Joseph; Zhu, Shushuai] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Raunikar, Ronald] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Buongiorno, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM jbuongio@wisc.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station FX The research leading to this paper was supported in part by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. We are grateful to Jeffrey P. Prestemon for his collaboration and review comments. Any remaining error is our sole responsibility. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1104-6899 J9 J FOREST ECON JI J. For. Econ. PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 SI SI BP 214 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jfe.2011.02.008 PG 16 WC Economics; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA 780ZI UT WOS:000291900000010 ER PT J AU Collins, BD Sitar, N AF Collins, Brian D. Sitar, Nicholas TI Stability of Steep Slopes in Cemented Sands SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Slope stability; Cemented sand; Limiting equilibrium; Tensile strength; Lidar; Cliffs; Failure mode ID CLIFF EROSION; LIQUEFACTION; CEMENTATION; CALIFORNIA; FRACTURE; SOILS; MODEL; SIZE AB The analysis of steep slope and cliff stability in variably cemented sands poses a significant practical challenge as routine analyses tend to underestimate the actually observed stability of existing slopes. The presented research evaluates how the degree of cementation controls the evolution of steep sand slopes and shows that the detailed slope geometry is important in determining the characteristics of the failure mode, which in turn, guide the selection of an appropriate stability analysis method. Detailed slope-profile cross sections derived from terrestrial lidar surveying of otherwise inaccessible cemented sand cliffs are used to investigate failure modes in weakly cemented [unconfined compressive strength (UCS) < 30 kPa] and moderately cemented (30 < UCS < 400 kPa) sands and their role in the evolution of the geometry of the slopes. The results show that high-resolution slope topography, such as can be obtained with terrestrial lidar, is essential for identifying altogether different failure modes in weakly cemented (shear-mode) and moderately cemented (tensile-mode) sand slopes. Analyses show that the standard Culmann method for steep slopes is inappropriate for modeling the stability of cemented sand slopes since it tends to overpredict expected crest retreat and underestimate failure plane angle. Instead, a simplified analysis using infinite slope assumptions, but applied to a slope with finite dimensions subject to changing geometric conditions, such as toe erosion and slope steepening, is suggested for analysis of weakly cemented sand slopes. For moderately cemented sand slopes, a limit equilibrium analysis directly comparing the cliff tensile stress and cemented sand tensile strength is shown to reasonably predict failure conditions and timing as a result of either slope steepening or tensile strength loss, presumably from wetting in most cases. C1 [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. [Sitar, Nicholas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Collins, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. EM bcollins@usgs.gov; sitar@ce.berkeley.edu OI Sitar, Nicholas/0000-0001-7253-5985 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology Team; University of California, Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative (CEQI); U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for initial stages of this research was provided by grants from the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology Team, the University of California, Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative (CEQI), and the U.S. Geological Survey, Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program. Reviews of initial drafts of this work by Jonathan Godt (USGS, Golden, Colorado) and Robert Kayen (USGS, Menlo Park, California) are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Joseph Labuz (Univ. of Minnesota) and four anonymous reviewers who provided important feedback on this paper upon submission. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000396 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 696YY UT WOS:000285478500004 ER PT J AU Denlinger, RP O'Connell, DRH AF Denlinger, Roger P. O'Connell, Daniel R. H. TI Closure to "Computing Nonhydrostatic Shallow-Water Flow over Steep Terrain" by Roger P. Denlinger and Daniel R. H. O'Connell SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Denlinger, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [O'Connell, Daniel R. H.] Fugro Lettis & Associates, Golden, CO USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. EM roger@usgs.gov; d.oconnell@fugro.com NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 1 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000305 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 696EM UT WOS:000285424700017 ER PT J AU Gibb, H Haver, C Kozlov, K Centeno, JA Jurgenson, V Kolker, A Conko, KM Landa, ER Xu, HN AF Gibb, Herman Haver, Cary Kozlov, Kostj Centeno, Jose A. Jurgenson, Vera Kolker, Allan Conko, Kathryn M. Landa, Edward R. Xu, Hanna TI Biomarkers of Mercury Exposure in Two Eastern Ukraine Cities SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE blood; dust; hair; mercury; nails; soil; urinary AB This study evaluates biomarkers of mercury exposure among residents of Horlivka, a city in eastern Ukraine located in an area with geologic and industrial sources of environmental mercury, and residents of Artemivsk, a nearby comparison city outside the mercury-enriched area. Samples of urine, blood, hair, and nails were collected from study participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in mines. Median biomarker mercury concentrations in Artemivsk were 0.26 g/g-Cr (urine), 0.92 g/L (blood), 0.42 g/g (hair), 0.11 g/g (toenails), and 0.09 g/g (fingernails); median concentrations in Horlivka were 0.15 g/g-Cr (urine), 1.01 g/L (blood), 0.14 g/g (hair), 0.31 g/g (toenails), and 0.31 g/g (fingernails). Biomarkers of mercury exposure for study participants from Horlivka and Artemivsk are low in comparison with occupationally exposed workers at a mercury recycling facility in Horlivka and in comparison with exposures known to be associated with clinical effects. Blood and urinary mercury did not suggest a higher mercury exposure among Horlivka residents as compared with Artemivsk; however, three individuals living in the immediate vicinity of the mercury mines had elevated blood and urinary mercury, relative to overall results for either city. For a limited number of residents from Horlivka (N = 7) and Artemivsk (N = 4), environmental samples (vacuum cleaner dust, dust wipes, soil) were collected from their residences. Mercury concentrations in vacuum cleaner dust and soil were good predictors of blood and urinary mercury. C1 [Gibb, Herman; Haver, Cary] Tetra Tech Sci, Arlington, VA USA. [Kozlov, Kostj] Ukraine Inst Occupat Hlth, Kiev, Ukraine. [Centeno, Jose A.; Xu, Hanna] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Jurgenson, Vera] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Kolker, Allan; Conko, Kathryn M.; Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Gibb, H (reprint author), 2200 Wilson Blvd,Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM Herman.Gibb@tetratech.com OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921 FU U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation [UKG1-2633] FX The authors would like to thank Boris Panov and Yuri Panov of the Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine; Volodymyr Mukhin, Donetsk Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Health, Donetsk, Ukraine; Chiemeka Chine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.; Suzette Morman, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado; and Joe Bunnell, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, for their help with this study. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers selected by the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. This study was supported, in part, by a Cooperative Grant (UKG1-2633) from the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 4 BP 187 EP 193 AR PII 934433311 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.556984 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 733IA UT WOS:000288255200002 PM 21391063 ER PT J AU Yang, X Pal, N Ackleh, AS Carter, J AF Yang, Xing Pal, Nabendu Ackleh, Azmy S. Carter, Jacoby TI A case study of green tree frog population size estimation by repeated capture-mark-recapture method with individual tagging: a parametric bootstrap method vs Jolly-Seber method SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE generalized hypergeometric distribution; parametric bootstrap; point estimation; interval estimation; coverage probability ID MODEL AB This paper deals with estimation of a green tree frog population in an urban setting using repeated capture-mark-recapture (CMR) method over several weeks with an individual tagging system which gives rise to a complicated generalization of the hypergeometric distribution. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation, a parametric bootstrap approach is adopted to obtain interval estimates of the weekly population size which is the main objective of our work. The method is computation-based; and programming intensive to implement the algorithm for re-sampling. This method can be applied to estimate the population size of any species based on repeated CMR method at multiple time points. Further, it has been pointed out that the well-known Jolly-Seber method, which is based on some strong assumptions, produces either unrealistic estimates, or may have situations where its assumptions are not valid for our observed data set. C1 [Yang, Xing; Pal, Nabendu; Ackleh, Azmy S.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Carter, Jacoby] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Pal, N (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM nxp3695@louisiana.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0718465, DUE-0531915] FX We would like to thank an anonymous referee, an Associate Editor and the Editor for many helpful comments and suggestions which have helped in improving presentation of our work. N. Pal and A. S. Ackleh were supported by the National Science Foundation Grants no. DMS-0718465 and DUE-0531915. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2011 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1879 EP 1895 DI 10.1080/00949655.2010.507764 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 884RY UT WOS:000299727100008 ER PT J AU Johnson, CJ McKenzie, D Pedersen, JA Aiken, JM AF Johnson, Christopher J. McKenzie, Debbie Pedersen, Joel A. Aiken, Judd M. TI Meat and Bone Meal and Mineral Feed Additives May Increase the Risk of Oral Prion Disease Transmission SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE; BENTONITE; MICROPARTICLES; INACTIVATION; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; ZEOLITES; PROTEIN; AGENTS AB Ingestion of prion-contaminated materials is postulated to be a primary route of prion disease transmission. Binding of prions to soil (micro)particles dramatically enhances peroral disease transmission relative to unbound prions, and it was hypothesized that micrometer-sized particles present in other consumed materials may affect prion disease transmission via the oral route of exposure. Small, insoluble particles are present in many substances, including soil, human foods, pharmaceuticals, and animal feeds. It is known that meat and bone meal (MBM), a feed additive believed responsible for the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), contains particles smaller than 20 mu m and that the pathogenic prion protein binds to MBM. The potentiation of disease transmission via the oral route by exposure to MBM or three micrometer-sized mineral feed additives was determined. Data showed that when the disease agent was bound to any of the tested materials, the penetrance of disease was increased compared to unbound prions. Our data suggest that in feed or other prion-contaminated substances consumed by animals or, potentially, humans, the addition of MBM or the presence of microparticles could heighten risks of prion disease acquisition. C1 [Aiken, Judd M.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada. [Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, Madison, WI USA. [McKenzie, Debbie] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Aiken, JM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada. EM jmaiken@ualberta.ca RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009; McKenzie, Debbie/G-4459-2015 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581; McKenzie, Debbie/0000-0002-9291-6977 FU U.S. Department of Defense [DAMD17-03-1-0369]; National Institutes of Health [1R01 NS600341] FX We thank Dr. Carl Parsons (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) for the generous gift of MBM, Dr. Richard Rubenstein (SUNY Downstate Medical Center) for the gift of the 3F4 monoclonal antibody, Kartik Kumar for bibliographic assistance, and Drs. Julia Rodriguez-Ramos and Diego Calderon for their comments on the article. This work was supported in part by grants from the U.S. Department of Defense (DAMD17-03-1-0369) and National Institutes of Health (1R01 NS600341). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 161 EP 166 AR PII 931920802 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.529066 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 714PV UT WOS:000286822400011 PM 21218345 ER PT J AU Rogers, KG Robinson, SJ Samuel, MD Grear, DA AF Rogers, Kip G. Robinson, Stacie J. Samuel, Michael D. Grear, Daniel A. TI DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF WHITE-TAILED DEER mtDNA LINEAGES IN CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE (CWD) OUTBREAK AREAS IN SOUTHERN WISCONSIN, USA SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ANALYSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATION-GENETICS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; CONSERVATION; RELATEDNESS; DISTANCES AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting North American cervids. Because it is uniformly fatal, the disease is a major concern in the management of white-tailed deer populations. Management programs to control CWD require improved knowledge of deer interaction, movement, and population connectivity that could influence disease transmission and spread. Genetic methods were employed to evaluate connectivity among populations in the CWD management zone of southern Wisconsin. A 576-base-pair region of the mitochondrial DNA of 359 white-tailed deer from 12 sample populations was analyzed. Fifty-eight variable sites were detected within the sequence, defining 43 haplotypes. While most sample populations displayed similar levels of haplotype diversity, individual haplotypes were clustered on the landscape. Spatial clusters of different haplotypes were apparent in distinct ecoregions surrounding CWD outbreak areas. The spatial distribution of mtDNA haplotypes suggests that clustering of the deer matrilineal groups and population connectivity are associated with broad-scale geographic landscape features. These landscape characteristics may also influence the contact rates between groups and therefore the potential spread of CWD; this may be especially true of local disease spread between female social groups. Our results suggest that optimal CWD management needs to be tailored to fit gender-specific dispersal behaviors and regional differences in deer population connectivity. This information will help wildlife managers design surveillance and monitoring efforts based on population interactions and potential deer movement among CWD-affected and unaffected areas. C1 [Rogers, Kip G.; Robinson, Stacie J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Grear, Daniel A.] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Robinson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 208 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM stacie.j.robinson@gmail.com OI Grear, Daniel/0000-0002-5478-1549 NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 22-24 SI SI BP 1521 EP 1535 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.618980 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 865PL UT WOS:000298322700008 PM 22043912 ER PT J AU Case, BW Abraham, JL Meeker, G Pooley, FD Pinkerton, KE AF Case, B. W. Abraham, J. L. Meeker, G. Pooley, F. D. Pinkerton, K. E. TI APPLYING DEFINITIONS OF "ASBESTOS" TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND "LOW-DOSE" EXPOSURE LEVELS AND HEALTH EFFECTS, PARTICULARLY MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID QUEBEC CHRYSOTILE MINERS; INTERNATIONAL-MINERALOGICAL-ASSOCIATION; FORMER CROCIDOLITE WORKERS; PAST OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; 1891-1920 BIRTH COHORT; MADE VITREOUS FIBERS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; LUNG-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA AB Although asbestos research has been ongoing for decades, this increased knowledge has not led to consensus in many areas of the field. Two such areas of controversy include the specific definitions of asbestos, and limitations in understanding exposure-response relationships for various asbestos types and exposure levels and disease. This document reviews the current regulatory and mineralogical definitions and how variability in these definitions has led to difficulties in the discussion and comparison of both experimental laboratory and human epidemiological studies for asbestos. This review also examines the issues of exposure measurement in both animal and human studies, and discusses the impact of these issues on determination of cause for asbestos-related diseases. Limitations include the lack of detailed characterization and limited quantification of the fibers in most studies. Associated data gaps and research needs are also enumerated in this review. C1 [Case, B. W.] McGill Univ, Dept Pathol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. [Case, B. W.] McGill Univ, Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. [Abraham, J. L.] SUNY Syracuse, Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY USA. [Meeker, G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pooley, F. D.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet Haematol & Pathol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Pinkerton, K. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Case, BW (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Pathol, 1650 Cedar Ave,Room C3-157, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. EM bruce.case@mcgill.ca FU NIEHS workshop; EPA; NCI of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Quebec and American Lung Associations; Quebec National Institute for Public Health (INSPQ); U. S. EPA; American Lung Association FX The authors thank Dr. Phil Cook, Dr. Ron Dodson, Dr. Ann Aust, Dr. Urmila Kodavanti, and Amy Madl for an in-depth review and discussion of this document. This state-of-the-science review document was created in support of the NIEHS workshop "Asbestos: A Science-Based Examination of the Mode of Action of Asbestos and Related Mineral Fibers." However, the views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views and/or policies of the federal agencies involved in its production (U. S. Geological Society, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). Dr. Case has acted and/or is currently acting as an expert witness or consultant for law firms representing defendants and plaintiffs in asbestos litigation and compensation board proceedings, and has been a paid and unpaid consultant to regulatory and medical agencies and compensation boards in North America, including but not limited to the U. S. EPA, ATSDR, ATS, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and individual and collective citizen groups concerned with asbestos exposure and disease. He has also received (and is likely to apply in the future for) competitive-funding research grants from U.S. and Canadian publicly financed, peer-reviewed grant approval process agencies concerning asbestos exposure and disease, including topics covered in all aspects of the workshop, including but not limited to research support from EPA, NCI of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (formerly Medical Research Council of Canada), Quebec and American Lung Associations, and the Quebec National Institute for Public Health (INSPQ). Dr. Abraham has acted and/or is currently acting as an expert witness or consultant for law firms representing plaintiffs and defendants in asbestos litigation and compensation board proceedings, and has been a paid and unpaid consultant to regulatory and medical agencies and compensation boards in North America, including but not limited to the U. S. EPA, ATSDR, ATS, NGOs, and individual and collective citizen groups concerned with asbestos exposure and disease. He has also received (and may also apply in future for) competitive-funding research grants from U. S. publicly financed, peer-reviewed grant approval process agencies concerning asbestos exposure and disease, including topics covered in all aspects of the workshop, including but not limited to research support from the U. S. EPA and American Lung Association. NR 259 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 EI 1521-6950 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 3 EP 39 DI 10.1080/10937404.2011.556045 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 757LY UT WOS:000290087900002 PM 21534084 ER PT J AU Johnson, K Miller, I Stucky, R Pigati, J Holen, S AF Johnson, Kirk Miller, Ian Stucky, Richard Pigati, Jeffrey Holen, Steven TI ZIEGLER RESERVOIR AND THE SNOWMASTODON PROJECT: OVERVIEW AND GEOLOGIC SETTING OF A RECENTLY DISCOVERED SERIES OF HIGH-ELEVATION PLEISTOCENE (SANGAMONIAN) ECOSYSTEMS NEAR SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Kirk; Miller, Ian; Stucky, Richard; Holen, Steven] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700370 ER PT J AU Parker, W Martz, J Dubiel, R AF Parker, William Martz, Jeffrey Dubiel, Russell TI A NEWLY RECOGNIZED SPECIMEN OF THE PHYTOSAUR REDONDASAURUS FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OWL ROCK MEMBER (CHINLE FORMATION) AND ITS BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parker, William] Petrified Forest Natl Pk, Petrified Forest, AZ USA. [Martz, Jeffrey] House Bones, Poncha Springs, CO USA. [Dubiel, Russell] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700561 ER PT J AU Reynolds, R Miller, D Woodburne, M Albright, L AF Reynolds, Robert Miller, David Woodburne, Michael Albright, L., III TI GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT OF THE BARSTOW FORMATION, CENTRAL MOJAVE DESERT SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reynolds, Robert] Consulting Paleontologist, Redlands, CA USA. [Miller, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Woodburne, Michael] UC Riverside, Riverside, CA USA. [Albright, L., III] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700596 ER PT J AU Springer, K Manker, C Scott, E Pigati, J Mahan, S AF Springer, Kathleen Manker, Craig Scott, Eric Pigati, Jeffrey Mahan, Shannon TI GEOCHRONOLOGIC AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE TULE SPRINGS LOCAL FAUNA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Springer, Kathleen; Manker, Craig; Scott, Eric] San Bernardino Cty Museum, Redlands, CA USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey; Mahan, Shannon] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700701 ER PT J AU Vernati, G Edwards, WH Rocke, TE Little, SF Andrews, GP AF Vernati, G. Edwards, W. H. Rocke, T. E. Little, S. F. Andrews, G. P. TI ANTIGENIC PROFILING OF YERSINIA PESTIS INFECTION IN THE WYOMING COYOTE (CANIS LATRANS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Coyote; IVIAT; plague; serology; Yersinia pestis ID EXPERIMENTAL PLAGUE INFECTION; OUTER PROTEINS; MICE; CLUSTERS; EFFICACY; DISEASES; GENE; FLIP AB Although Yersinia pestis is classified as a "high-virulence" pathogen, some host species are variably susceptible to disease. Coyotes (Canis latrans) exhibit mild, if any, symptoms during infection, but antibody production occurs postinfection. This immune response has been reported to be against the F1 capsule, although little subsequent characterization has been conducted. To further define the nature of coyote humoral immunity to plague, qualitative serology was conducted to assess the antiplague antibody repertoire. Humoral responses to six plasmid-encoded Y. pestis virulence factors were first examined. Of 20 individual immune coyotes, 90% were reactive to at least one other antigen in the panel other than F1. The frequency of reactivity to low calcium response plasmid (pLcr)-encoded Yersinia protein kinase A (YpkA) and Yersinia outer protein D (YopD) was significantly greater than that previously observed in a murine model for plague. Additionally, both V antigen and plasminogen activator were reactive with over half of the serum samples tested. Reactivity to F1 was markedly less frequent in coyotes (35%). Twenty previously tested antibody-negative samples were also examined. While the majority were negative across the panel, 1.5% were positive for 1-3 non-F1. antigens. In vivo induced antigen technology employed to identify novel chromosomal genes of Y. pestis that are up-regulated during infection resulted in the identification of five proteins, including a flagellar component (FliP) that was uniquely reactive with the coyote serum compared with immune serum from two other host species. Collectively, these data suggest that humoral immunity to pLcr-encoded antigens and the pesticin plasmid (pPst)-encoded Pla antigen may be relevant to plague resistance in coyotes. The serologic profile of Y. pestis chromosomal antigens up-regulated in vivo specific to C. latrans may provide insight into the differences in the pathogen-host responses during Y. pestis infection. C1 [Vernati, G.; Andrews, G. P.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Edwards, W. H.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Wildlife Dis Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Rocke, T. E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Little, S. F.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Andrews, GP (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM gandrews@uwyo.edu OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 720KS UT WOS:000287280200003 PM 21269993 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Koneff, MD Heglund, PJ Knutson, MG Seamans, ME Lyons, JE Morton, JM Jones, MT Boomer, GS Williams, BK AF Nichols, James D. Koneff, Mark D. Heglund, Patricia J. Knutson, Melinda G. Seamans, Mark E. Lyons, James E. Morton, John M. Jones, Malcolm T. Boomer, G. Scott Williams, Byron K. TI Climate Change, Uncertainty, and Natural Resource Management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; climate change; nonstationarity; structured decision-making; uncertainty ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; WATERFOWL; POPULATIONS; OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; MALLARDS; HARVESTS; TIME; NEED AB Climate change and its associated uncertainties are of concern to natural resource managers. Although aspects of climate change may be novel (e.g., system change and nonstationarity), natural resource managers have long dealt with uncertainties and have developed corresponding approaches to decision-making. Adaptive resource management is an application of structured decision-making for recurrent decision problems with uncertainty, focusing on management objectives, and the reduction of uncertainty over time. We identified 4 types of uncertainty that characterize problems in natural resource management. We examined ways in which climate change is expected to exacerbate these uncertainties, as well as potential approaches to dealing with them. As a case study, we examined North American waterfowl harvest management and considered problems anticipated to result from climate change and potential solutions. Despite challenges expected to accompany the use of adaptive resource management to address problems associated with climate change, we conclude that adaptive resource management approaches will be the methods of choice for managers trying to deal with the uncertainties of climate change. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Koneff, Mark D.; Seamans, Mark E.; Lyons, James E.; Boomer, G. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.; Knutson, Melinda G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat Resources Refuge Biol, La Crosse, WI USA. [Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Williams, Byron K.] US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 6 EP 18 DI 10.1002/jwmg.33 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200003 ER PT J AU Jeffress, MR Paukert, CP Sandercock, BK Gipson, PS AF Jeffress, Mackenzie R. Paukert, Craig P. Sandercock, Brett K. Gipson, Philip S. TI Factors Affecting Detectability of River Otters During Sign Surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE detection probability; Kansas; Lontra canadensis; river otter; scat; sign surveys; tracks ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; LUTRA-LUTRA POPULATIONS; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; AERIAL SURVEYS; SNOW TRACKS; CANADENSIS; HABITAT; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS AB Sign surveys are commonly used to study and monitor wildlife species but may be flawed when surveys are conducted only once and cover short distances, which can lead to a lack of accountability for false absences. Multiple observers surveyed for river otter (Lontra canadensis) scat and tracks along stream and reservoir shorelines at 110 randomly selected sites in eastern Kansas from January to April 2008 and 2009 to determine if detection probability differed among substrates, sign types, observers, survey lengths, and near access points. We estimated detection probabilities (p) of river otters using occupancy models in Program PRESENCE. Mean detection probability for a 400-m survey was highest in mud substrates (p = 0.60) and lowest in snow (p = 0.18) and leaf litter substrates (p = 0.27). Scat had a higher detection probability (p = 0.53) than tracks (p = 0.18), and experienced observers had higher detection probabilities (p > 0.71) than novice observers (p < 0.55). Detection probabilities increased almost 3-fold as survey length increased from 200 m to 1,000 m, and otter sign was not concentrated near access points. After accounting for imperfect detection, our estimates of otter site occupancy based on a 400-m survey increased >3-fold, providing further evidence of the potential negative bias that can occur in estimates from sign surveys when imperfect detection is not addressed. Our study identifies areas for improvement in sign survey methodologies and results are applicable for sign surveys commonly used for many species across a range of habitats. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gipson, Philip S.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Jeffress, MR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jeffress@uidaho.edu RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University FX We thank Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and the Kansas State University for funding our research. J. Whittier provided technical assistance with analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS). M. Jeffress and K. Blecha were field technicians, and B. Tristch served as an undergraduate researcher. We also appreciate the Kansas landowners that granted us permission to access survey sites. This manuscript benefited from reviews by C. Allen, D. Otis, and T. Rodhouse. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1002/jwmg.12 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200019 ER PT J AU Gosch, NJC Pope, KL AF Gosch, N. J. C. Pope, K. L. TI Using consumption rate to assess potential predators for biological control of white perch SO KNOWLEDGE AND MANAGEMENT OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biological control; predation; consumption rate; white perch; Morone americana ID FOOD-WEB MANIPULATION; EUTROPHIC LAKE WIRBEL; FRESH-WATER FISHES; NORTHERN PIKE; YELLOW PERCH; PREY SIZE; WALLEYE; RESERVOIR; BIOMANIPULATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Control of undesirable fishes is important in aquatic systems, and using predation as a tool for biological control is an attractive option to fishery biologists. However, determining the appropriate predators for biological control is critical for success. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of consumption rate as an index to determine the most effective predators for biological control of an invasive fish. Consumption rate values were calculated for nine potential predators that prey on white perch Morone americana in Branched Oak and Pawnee reservoirs, Nebraska. The consumption rate index provided a unique and insightful means of determining the potential effectiveness of each predator species in controlling white perch. Cumulative frequency distributions facilitated interpretation by providing a graphical presentation of consumption rates by all individuals within each predator species. Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, walleye Sander vitreus and sauger S. canadensis were the most efficient white perch predators in both reservoirs; however, previous attempts to increase biomass of these predators have failed suggesting that successful biological control is unlikely using existing predator species in these Nebraska reservoirs. C1 [Gosch, N. J. C.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gosch, N. J. C.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gosch, N. J. C.] USA Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gosch, NJC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Nathan.J.Gosch@usace.army.mil RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Special thanks to J. Stittle, L. Pierce, J. Walrath, D. Martin, C. Lewis and T. Barada for field and laboratory assistance. C. Huber, M. Pegg and R. Holland provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1961-9502 J9 KNOWL MANAG AQUAT EC JI Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst. PY 2011 IS 403 AR 02 DI 10.1051/kmae/2011028 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 879DV UT WOS:000299310800003 ER PT J AU Jones, JR Knowlton, MF Obrecht, DV Graham, JL AF Jones, John R. Knowlton, Matthew F. Obrecht, Daniel V. Graham, Jennifer L. TI Temperature and oxygen in Missouri reservoirs SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; fish habitat; Missouri; oxygen depletion; reservoir; temperature ID STRIPED BASS; UNITED-STATES; SIMPLE-MODEL; GREAT-LAKES; NUTRIENTS; DEPTH; STRATIFICATION; FISH; CLASSIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB Vertical profiles of water temperature (n = 7193) and dissolved oxygen (n = 6516) were collected from 235 Missouri reservoirs during 1989-2007; most data were collected during May-August and provide a regional summary of summer conditions. Collectively, surface water temperature ranged from a mean of 22 C in May to 28 C in July, and individual summer maxima typically were 28-32 C. Most (95%) reservoirs stably stratify by mid-May, but few are deep enough to have hypolimnia with near-uniform temperatures. Among stratified reservoirs, maximum effective length and maximum depth accounted for 75% of the variation in mixed depth and thermocline depth. Ephemeral, near-surface thermoclines occurred in 39% of summer profiles and were most frequent in small, turbid reservoirs. Isotherms below the mixed layer deepen during stratification, and the water column is 20 C by August in all but the deepest reservoirs. Most reservoirs showed incipient dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion by mid-May, and by August, 80% of profiles had DO minima of 1 mg/L. Surface area and chlorophyll (Chl) explained 37% of variation in the earliest date of anoxia, and Chl explained 50% of variation in DO below the mixed layer during summer. Warm summer temperatures and widespread low DO often limit available fish habitat in Missouri reservoirs and compress warm-water fish communities into subsurface layers that exceed their thermal preferences. This study provides a regional baseline of reservoir temperature and oxygen conditions useful for future evaluations of eutrophication and the effects of a warming climate. C1 [Jones, John R.; Knowlton, Matthew F.; Obrecht, Daniel V.; Graham, Jennifer L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Jones, JR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jonesj@missouri.edu NR 36 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 AR PII 938726920 DI 10.1080/07438141.2011.583713 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 780KE UT WOS:000291853900007 ER PT J AU Kraus, TEC Bergamaschi, BA Hernes, PJ Doctor, D Kendall, C Downing, BD Losee, RF AF Kraus, T. E. C. Bergamaschi, B. A. Hernes, P. J. Doctor, D. Kendall, C. Downing, B. D. Losee, R. F. TI How reservoirs alter drinking water quality: Organic matter sources, sinks, and transformations SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE algae; disinfection by-products; dissolved organic carbon; dissolved organic matter; haloacetic acids; trihalomethanes; water quality ID BY-PRODUCT PRECURSORS; TRIHALOMETHANE FORMATION; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; LIGNIN PHENOLS; CARBON; RIVER; ALGAE; PLANT; REACTIVITY; RATIOS AB Kraus TEC, Bergamaschi BA, Hernes PJ, Doctor D, Kendall C, Downing BD, Losee RF. 2011. How reservoirs alter drinking water quality: Organic matter sources, sinks, and transformations. Lake Reserv Manage. 27: 205-219. Within reservoirs, production, transformation, and loss of dissolved organic matter (DOM) occur simultaneously. While the balance between production and loss determines whether a reservoir is a net sink or source of DOM, changes in chemical composition are also important because they affect DOM reactivity with respect to disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. The composition of the DOM pool also provides insight into DOM sources and processing, which can inform reservoir management. We examined the concentration and composition of DOM in San Luis Reservoir, a large off-stream impoundment of the California State Water Project. We used a wide array of DOM chemical tracers including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation potentials (THMFP and HAAFP, respectively), absorbance properties, isotopic composition, lignin phenol content, and structural groupings determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). There were periods when the reservoir was a net source of DOC due to the predominance of algal production (summer), a net sink due to the predominance of degradation (fall-winter), and balanced between production and consumption (spring). Despite only moderate variation in bulk DOC concentration (3.0-3.6 mg C/L), changes in DOM composition indicated that terrestrial-derived material entering the reservoir was being degraded and replaced by aquatic-derived DOM produced within the reservoir. Substantial changes in the propensity of the DOM pool to form THMs and HAAs illustrate that the DBP precursor pool was not directly coupled to bulk DOC concentration and indicate that algal production is an important source of DBP precursors. Results suggest reservoirs have the potential to attenuate DOM amount and reactivity with respect to DBP precursors via degradative processes; however, these benefits can be decreased or even negated by the production of algal-derived DOM. [ Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Lake and Reservoir Management to view the supplemental file.] C1 [Kraus, T. E. C.; Bergamaschi, B. A.; Downing, B. D.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Hernes, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Doctor, D.; Kendall, C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Losee, R. F.] Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. RP Kraus, TEC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tkraus@usgs.gov RI Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012; OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU CALFED; USGS FX We gratefully acknowledge Sue Bird, Connie Clapton, Kathryn Crepeau, Travis von Dessonneck, Robert Eckard, Jacob Fleck, Rachael Dyda, Miranda Fram, Brian Pellerin, John Franco Saraceno, Steve Silva, Lisa Wandzel, Ping Yu, Sikha Kundu, Tiffany Lee, and Jacob Nikonchuk for their help with field work, laboratory analyses, and data processing. We thank Steven Opsahl, Mathew Miller, and 3 anonymous reviewers for providing insightful reviews of this manuscript. This study was funded by a grant from the CALFED Drinking Water Quality Program as well as by USGS Federal Matching funds. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 56 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0743-8141 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1080/07438141.2011.597283 PG 15 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 881IP UT WOS:000299477100003 ER PT B AU Daucsavage, J Kaminski, M Ramachandran, B Jenkerson, C Sprenger, K Faust, R Rockvam, T AF Daucsavage, John Kaminski, Marilyn Ramachandran, Bhaskar Jenkerson, Caili Sprenger, Karla Faust, Ron Rockvam, Tamara BE Ramachandran, B Justice, CO Abrams, MJ TI ASTER and MODIS Land Data Management at the Land Processes, and National Snow and Ice Data Centers SO LAND REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: NASA'S EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM AND THE SCIENCE OF ASTER AND MODIS SE Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Daucsavage, John] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Kaminski, Marilyn] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr DAAC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ramachandran, Bhaskar; Jenkerson, Caili; Sprenger, Karla; Faust, Ron; Rockvam, Tamara] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, NASA LP DAAC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Daucsavage, J (reprint author), USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jdaucs@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4419-6748-0 J9 REMOTE SENS DIGIT IM PY 2011 VL 11 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSG06 UT WOS:000284351600008 ER PT S AU Keeley, JE Franklin, J D'Antonio, C AF Keeley, Jon E. Franklin, Janet D'Antonio, Carla BE McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA TI Fire and Invasive Plants on California Landscapes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF FIRE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION PATTERNS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; NATIVE SHRUB C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Environm Studies Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning & Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk,47050 Gen Hwy, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov; janet.franklin@asu.edu; dantonio@lifesci.ucsb.edu NR 115 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-94-007-0300-1 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 213 BP 193 EP 221 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8 PG 29 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTE39 UT WOS:000286640000008 ER PT B AU Ludington, S Ayuso, RA Hammarstrom, JM Zientek, ML Qiu, RZ AF Ludington, Steve Ayuso, Robert A. Hammarstrom, Jane M. Zientek, Michael L. Qiu, Ruizhao BE Barra, F Reich, M Campos, E Tornos, F TI Non-subduction porphyry copper deposits: a comparison between Asia and North America SO LET'S TALK ORE DEPOSITS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th SGA Biennial Meeting on Let's Talk Ore Deposits CY SEP 26-29, 2011 CL Univ Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, CHILE SP Minera Escondida, Grp Antofagasta Minerals, Bhpbilliton, Pampa Norte, Votorantim Metais, Barrick Zaldivar, Teck, Collahuasi, YamanaGold, Atacama Pacific, MMG, Anglogold Ashanti, Abra, Guinez Ingenieria Ltda HO Univ Catolica del Norte DE porphyry copper; Tethys; North America; subduction; extension ID CHINA AB Most porphyry copper deposits worldwide are the products of arc magmatism related to subduction of oceanic lithosphere, but many deposits not directly related to subduction are now recognized in eastern Tethys (China, Vietnam, Iran, Pakistan), in the southwest Pacific (Papua New Guinea, Fiji), and in the North American Pacific margin (United States). These deposits are associated with magmas that have similar compositions to those in oceanic and continental arcs, but formed by the partial melting of metasomatized lower crustal rocks in response to a variety of post-subduction processes. In western China and northern Vietnam, three belts of deposits are known (Yulong, Ailoshan-Red River, Gangdese); all are spatially distributed in distinct linear or curvilinear patterns related to extensional or transcurrent structures. In the western United States, deposits are more widely distributed and structural control is not prominent. Analysis of the distinct distribution patterns in western China may lead to recognition of new exploration models for porphyry copper in the western United States. C1 [Ludington, Steve] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ludington, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDICIONES UNIV CATOLICA NORTE PI ANTOFAGASTA PA AV ANGAMOS 0610, ANTOFAGASTA, 00000, CHILE BN 978-956-287-329-1 PY 2011 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BCC35 UT WOS:000309699400010 ER PT B AU Anderson, E Kelley, K Bedrosian, P Hitzman, M Monecke, T Hart, CJR Lang, J AF Anderson, Eric Kelley, Karen Bedrosian, Paul Hitzman, Murray Monecke, Thomas Hart, Craig J. R. Lang, James BE Barra, F Reich, M Campos, E Tornos, F TI Geophysical and geochemical mapping as a guide to regional exploration near the Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, southwestern Alaska SO LET'S TALK ORE DEPOSITS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th SGA Biennial Meeting on Let's Talk Ore Deposits CY SEP 26-29, 2011 CL Univ Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, CHILE SP Minera Escondida, Grp Antofagasta Minerals, Bhpbilliton, Pampa Norte, Votorantim Metais, Barrick Zaldivar, Teck, Collahuasi, YamanaGold, Atacama Pacific, MMG, Anglogold Ashanti, Abra, Guinez Ingenieria Ltda HO Univ Catolica del Norte DE porphyry; epithermal; reduced intrusion-related gold; Alaska; aeromagnetics AB The Pebble district in southwest Alaska hosts Late Cretaceous to Tertiary igneous rocks. The Dillingham northeast area, 50 km west of the Pebble district, hosts similar age igneous rocks. This study compares geochemical and geophysical signatures of these two areas. At least four periods of magmatic activity are recognized in the Pebble district. The igneous rocks associated with the Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit are both alkaline and calc-alkaline in character. These rocks are also rich in potassium and highly oxidized. In addition to porphyry mineralization, the Pebble district hosts younger, low-sulfidation epithermal-style mineralization that is associated with Tertiary bimodal volcanic rocks. The Dillingham northeast area lacks known occurrences of either porphyry- or epithermal-style mineralization. Alkalic igneous rocks are absent. All intrusive rocks in the Dillingham northeast area are calc-alkaline in character and rich in potassium. A bimodal volcanic suite is recognized. The igneous rocks associated with the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit show distinctive, positive magnetic anomalies not present in the Dillingham area. The younger igneous rocks mapped in both areas show similar geochemistry and magnetic anomalies. Geophysical anomalies suggest igneous rocks similar to those associated with the Pebble deposit are present elsewhere in the region. C1 [Anderson, Eric; Kelley, Karen; Bedrosian, Paul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anderson, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Monecke, Thomas/E-9131-2014 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDICIONES UNIV CATOLICA NORTE PI ANTOFAGASTA PA AV ANGAMOS 0610, ANTOFAGASTA, 00000, CHILE BN 978-956-287-329-1 PY 2011 BP 353 EP 355 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BCC35 UT WOS:000309699400115 ER PT B AU Kelley, KD Eppinger, RG Lang, J AF Kelley, Karen Duttweiler Eppinger, Robert G. Lang, James BE Barra, F Reich, M Campos, E Tornos, F TI Exploration of porphyry copper deposits using indicator minerals in till: case study from the Pebble Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Southwest Alaska, USA SO LET'S TALK ORE DEPOSITS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th SGA Biennial Meeting on Let's Talk Ore Deposits CY SEP 26-29, 2011 CL Univ Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, CHILE SP Minera Escondida, Grp Antofagasta Minerals, Bhpbilliton, Pampa Norte, Votorantim Metais, Barrick Zaldivar, Teck, Collahuasi, YamanaGold, Atacama Pacific, MMG, Anglogold Ashanti, Abra, Guinez Ingenieria Ltda HO Univ Catolica del Norte DE Pebble; porphyry; southwest Alaska; indicator minerals AB The porphyry copper indicator mineral (PCIM (R)) method was recently applied at the Pebble porphyry deposit. Andradite garnet, Mn-epidote, gold and jarosite are the most useful PCIMs in till samples. Samples near Pebble contain 10-20 grains/10 kg of garnet, whereas samples with the most grains (>40) occur southwest in close proximity to smaller deposits with associated skarn mineralization. The distribution of Mn-epidote mimics that of garnet. All samples collected contain some gold. However, tills immediately west and down-ice of Pebble contain 3-30 times more gold, and the overall number of grains decreases in the down-ice direction. Furthermore, samples near Pebble contain mostly pristine and modified grains whereas distal samples have primarily re-shaped grains. Most gold in the deposit is contained in chalcopyrite; therefore, the pristine grains likely reflect liberation during in situ weathering of transported chalcopyrite grains. Jarosite is abundant in samples adjacent to and down-ice of Pebble and near smaller occurrences to the southwest. Most jarosite grains are detrital and preliminary age dates (>5 Ma) suggest it formed prior to glaciation. Overall, the results indicate that PCIMs are useful for exploration of porphyry deposits in southwest Alaska. C1 [Kelley, Karen Duttweiler; Eppinger, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDICIONES UNIV CATOLICA NORTE PI ANTOFAGASTA PA AV ANGAMOS 0610, ANTOFAGASTA, 00000, CHILE BN 978-956-287-329-1 PY 2011 BP 362 EP 364 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BCC35 UT WOS:000309699400118 ER PT B AU Slack, JF Johnson, CA Lund, KI Schulz, KJ Causey, JD AF Slack, John F. Johnson, Craig A. Lund, Karen I. Schulz, Klaus J. Causey, J. Douglas BE Barra, F Reich, M Campos, E Tornos, F TI A new model for Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks: an IOCG connection? SO LET'S TALK ORE DEPOSITS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th SGA Biennial Meeting on Let's Talk Ore Deposits CY SEP 26-29, 2011 CL Univ Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, CHILE SP Minera Escondida, Grp Antofagasta Minerals, Bhpbilliton, Pampa Norte, Votorantim Metais, Barrick Zaldivar, Teck, Collahuasi, YamanaGold, Atacama Pacific, MMG, Anglogold Ashanti, Abra, Guinez Ingenieria Ltda HO Univ Catolica del Norte DE cobalt; copper; gold; metasedimentary rocks; Mesoproterozoic; iron oxide-copper-gold; IOCG ID ORES AB A compilation of data on Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks worldwide refines previous descriptive occurrence models. The Co-Cu-Au deposits contain disseminated to semi-massive Co-bearing sulphide minerals, with associated Fe- and Cu-bearing sulphides and variable gold content, predominantly in rift-related, siliciclastic rocks of Mesoproterozoic age. Some deposits have appreciable Ag +/- Bi +/- W +/- Ni +/- Y rare earth elements (REE) +/- U. Deposit geometry includes stratabound and stratiform layers, lenses, and veins, and/or discordant veins and breccias. The ore minerals are mainly cobaltite, skutterudite, glaucodot, chalcopyrite, with local gold, accompanied by minor arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, and bismuth; some deposits have appreciable tetrahedrite, uraninite, monazite, allanite, xenotime, or molybdenite. Magnetite can be abundant in breccias, veins, or stratabound lenses within ore or country rocks. Gangue minerals include quartz, biotite, muscovite, K-feldspar, albite, chlorite, tourmaline, and scapolite. Altered wall rocks typically contain abundant biotite or albite. Felsic or mafic plutons are spatially associated with many of the deposits, and may be contemporaneous with, and involved in, ore formation. A post-diagenetic, epigenetic hydrothermal model, with possible links to IOCG deposits, is proposed. C1 [Slack, John F.; Schulz, Klaus J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDICIONES UNIV CATOLICA NORTE PI ANTOFAGASTA PA AV ANGAMOS 0610, ANTOFAGASTA, 00000, CHILE BN 978-956-287-329-1 PY 2011 BP 489 EP 491 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BCC35 UT WOS:000309699400160 ER PT J AU Griffiths, JR Schindler, DE Balistrieri, LS Ruggerone, GT AF Griffiths, Jennifer R. Schindler, Daniel E. Balistrieri, Laurie S. Ruggerone, Gregory T. TI Effects of simultaneous climate change and geomorphic evolution on thermal characteristics of a shallow Alaskan lake SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; JUVENILE SOCKEYE; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATURE; HABITAT; PONDS; FISH AB We used a hydrodynamics model to assess the consequences of climate warming and contemporary geomorphic evolution for thermal conditions in a large, shallow Alaskan lake. We evaluated the effects of both known climate and landscape change, including rapid outlet erosion and migration of the principal inlet stream, over the past 50 yr as well as future scenarios of geomorphic restoration. Compared to effects of air temperature during the past 50 yr, lake thermal properties showed little sensitivity to substantial (similar to 60%) loss of lake volume, as the lake maximum depth declined from 6 m to 4 m driven by outlet erosion. The direction and magnitude of future lake thermal responses will be driven largely by the extent of inlet stream migration when it occurs simultaneously with outlet erosion. Maintaining connectivity with inlet streams had substantial effects on buffering lake thermal responses to warming climate. Failing to account for changing rates and types of geomorphic processes under continuing climate change may misidentify the primary drivers of lake thermal responses and reduce our ability to understand the consequences for aquatic organisms. C1 [Griffiths, Jennifer R.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ruggerone, Gregory T.] Nat Resources Consultants, Seattle, WA USA. RP Griffiths, JR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jeng@u.washington.edu FU Victor and Tamara Loosanoff Fellowship; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Alaska Salmon Processors; National Science Foundation; Chignik Regional Aquaculture Association FX Countless individuals have contributed to our long-term understanding of the Chignik watershed. Field and logistical support for this project were provided by Ryan Simmons, Conrad Gowell, Morgan Bond, Christopher Boatright, and Harry Rich Jr. Additionally, assistance from the people of Chignik Lake Village, especially Julie Slaton, the Lind family, and Nick and Virginia Aleck, have made our work there possible. We appreciate the cooperation of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, especially Heather Finkle and Mary Beth Loewen. Thank you to Morgan Bond, Bronwen Wang (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]), Steve Blecker (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The DYRESM computer programs were provided by the Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia. Jennifer Griffiths was supported by the Victor and Tamara Loosanoff Fellowship and the Roy Jensen Research Fellowship from the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. This is a contribution of the University of Washington Alaska Salmon Program. We thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Alaska Salmon Processors, National Science Foundation, and the Chignik Regional Aquaculture Association for support. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0193 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 765BA UT WOS:000290677200016 ER PT J AU Hayes, MC Rubin, SP Reisenbichler, RR Goetz, FA Jeanes, E McBride, A AF Hayes, Michael C. Rubin, Stephen P. Reisenbichler, Reginald R. Goetz, Fred A. Jeanes, Eric McBride, Aundrea TI Marine Habitat Use by Anadromous Bull Trout from the Skagit River, Washington SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; VARDEN SALVELINUS-MALMA; DOLLY-VARDEN; ARCTIC CHARR; SEA-TROUT; FOOD AVAILABILITY; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROOK CHARR; MIGRATION; MONTANA AB Acoustic telemetry was used to describe fish positions and marine habitat use by tagged bull trout Salvelinus confluentus from the Skagit River, Washington. In March and April 2006, 20 fish were captured and tagged in the lower Skagit River, while 15 fish from the Swinomish Channel were tagged during May and June. Sixteen fish tagged in 2004 and 2005 were also detected during the study. Fish entered Skagit Bay from March to May and returned to the river from May to August. The saltwater residency for the 13 fish detected during the out-migration and return migration ranged from 36 to 133 d (mean +/- SD, 75 +/- 22 d). Most bull trout were detected less than 14 km (8.5 +/- 4.4 km) from the Skagit River, and several bay residents used the Swinomish Channel while migrating. The bull trout detected in the bay were associated with the shoreline (distance from shore, 0.32 +/- 0.27 km) and occupied shallow-water habitats (mean water column depth, <4.0 m). The modified-minimum convex polygons (MMCPs) used to describe the habitats used by 14 bay fish showed that most areas were less than 1,000 ha. The mean length of the shoreline bordering the MMCPs was 2.8 km (range, 0.01-5.7 km) for bay fish and 0.6 km for 2 channel residents. Coastal deposits, low banks, and sediment bluffs were common shoreline classes found within the MMCPs of bay fish, while modified shoreline classes usually included concrete bulkheads and riprap. Mixed fines, mixed coarse sediments, and sand were common substrate classes found within MMCPs; green algae and eelgrass (Zostera sp.) vegetation classes made up more than 70% of the area used by bull trout. Our results will help managers identify specific nearshore areas that may require further protection to sustain the unique anadromous life history of bull trout. C1 [Hayes, Michael C.; Rubin, Stephen P.; Reisenbichler, Reginald R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Goetz, Fred A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Resources Sect, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Jeanes, Eric] R2 Resource Consultants Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [McBride, Aundrea] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. RP Hayes, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhayes@usgs.gov OI HAYES, MICHAEL/0000-0002-9060-0565 FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) FX We would like to especially acknowledge the efforts of our Student Conservation Association interns, Tiffany Anders and Rae Mooney, who happily spent many long days in difficult conditions locating bull trout in Skagit Bay. We also recognize the efforts of Curt Kraemer, who helped to capture and tag many of the fish used in this study. Thanks also to Skagit River System Cooperative personnel, including Karen Wolf who assisted with GIS mapping and Rich Henderson and his staff who captured many of the fish studied. Debbie Reusser and Rachel Nehmer provided superior expertise and training in GIS mapping, Mary Moser (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) loaned us telemetry equipment, and Mike Parsley (U.S. Geological Survey) assisted in planning use of a survey boat and provided much of the telemetry equipment. Finally, a special thanks to Rob Jackson for assistance in boat and trailer maintenance. This project was partially funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) project. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 394 EP 410 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.640893 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700030 ER PT J AU Benoit-Bird, KJ Kuletz, K Heppell, S Jones, N Hoover, B AF Benoit-Bird, Kelly J. Kuletz, Kathy Heppell, Scott Jones, Nathan Hoover, Brian TI Active acoustic examination of the diving behavior of murres foraging on patchy prey SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Foraging; Seabirds; Predator-prey; Acoustics ID THICK-BILLED MURRES; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; ST-GEORGE ISLAND; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; LOCAL ENHANCEMENT; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; TEMPORAL SCALES; MARINE PREDATOR AB During the 2008 and 2009 breeding seasons of murres Uria spp., we combined visual observations of these predators with active acoustics (sonar), fish trawls, zooplankton net tows, and hydrographic measurements in the area surrounding breeding colonies in the southeastern Bering Sea. We acoustically detected thousands of bubble trails that were strongly correlated with the number of visually detected murres, providing a new tool for quantitatively studying the foraging ecology of diving birds. At the regional scale, the number of acoustically detected bubble trails, which served as a proxy for diving murre abundance, was related to the combined availability and vertical accessibility of squid, krill, and pollock. There were, however, no clear relationships at this scale between diving murres and any individual prey taxon, highlighting the importance of prey diversity to these animals. Individual krill patches targeted by murres had higher krill density and were located shallower than the mean depth of krill patches, but were similar in total krill abundance and overall size. The diving depth of murres within krill patches was highly correlated to the depth of the upper edge of these patches, whereas murres found outside of krill patches showed a depth distribution similar to that of juvenile pollock. Throughout the study area, murres showed strong diel patterns in their diving behavior in response to the diel migrations of their prey. These results suggest that murres select prey with specific patch characteristics implying effective information gathering about prey by murres. The high proportion of diving murres in aggregations and their consistent inter-individual spacing support the hypothesis that intra-specific local enhancement may facilitate foraging in these predators. C1 [Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Heppell, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Nathan; Hoover, Brian] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Benoit-Bird, KJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kbenoit@coas.oregonstate.edu FU North Pacific Research Board FX C. Waluk, G. Kowalke, L. Whitman, N. McIntosh, S. Archer-Kraft, and A. Dauble assisted in field work. J. Condiotty of Simrad, C. Wingard, T. Cowles, B. Emmett, M. Torres, C. Miller, M. J. Zirbel, R. Letelier, and M. McManus lent equipment used in the study. D. Griffith provided information for the design of the acoustic mount. C. Waluk and M. J. Zirbel conducted preliminary data analysis. K. Shearman engaged in valuable discussions about physical oceanographic data and processes. A. Trites facilitated collaboration among research teams. G. Hunt provided constructive feedback on the study design, helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript, and encouragement throughout. The captains and crews of the FV 'Frosti' and the FV 'Gold Rush' provided exceptional field support. Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP); this is NPRB Publication Number 311 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project Publication Number 27. NR 59 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 443 BP 217 EP 235 DI 10.3354/meps09408 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 865HS UT WOS:000298302500016 ER PT J AU McKnight, A Irons, DB Allyn, AJ Sullivan, KM Suryan, RM AF McKnight, Aly Irons, David B. Allyn, Andrew J. Sullivan, Kelsey M. Suryan, Robert M. TI Winter dispersal and activity patterns of post-breeding black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla from Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Black-legged kittiwake; Rissa tridactyla; Geolocation; Activity sensor; Winter distribution; Winter activity; North Pacific ID BREEDING PHENOLOGY; BODY CONDITION; SOUTH-GEORGIA; SEABIRD; SUCCESS; GEOLOCATION; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; GULF; SEA AB As colony-specific wintering ecology of small and medium-sized seabirds is poorly understood, it has been generally assumed that winter conditions have the same effect on all individuals from any given colony. However, advances in global positioning technology now allow researchers to investigate movements of smaller seabirds. We tracked black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla using geolocator tags during the non-breeding season. Although kittiwakes as a group appear to be generalists with respect to overwintering strategy, our data indicate that individual birds are more specialized in their use of wintering habitat. Among birds tagged in the Gulf of Alaska, we identified 3 groups employing different wintering strategies: (1) resident birds that remain in the northern Gulf of Alaska; (2) coastal birds that remain within coastal and shelf waters but move as far south as California; and (3) pelagic birds that travel up to 1700 km offshore. Given that wintering conditions differ in widely spaced areas, the effects of winter on bird survival and body condition are likely not the same on all birds in a colony, as is often assumed. Activity data revealed that kittiwakes are almost entirely diurnal during the non-breeding season. We found significant differences in time allocation among wintering groups: birds that remained in the colony region spent less time loafing during the day and engaged in longer daytime flying and foraging bouts than birds that wintered farther from the colony. These differences suggest that wintering birds make trade-offs among travel distance, metabolic demands, and foraging quality. C1 [McKnight, Aly; Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Allyn, Andrew J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resource Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sullivan, Kelsey M.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP McKnight, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM aly.mcknight@gmail.com FU Earthwatch Institute; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We conducted this work with financial support from the Earthwatch Institute and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We completed the data collection and analysis in collaboration with the British Antarctic Survey, with considerable assistance from J. Fox. In addition, R. Orben and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable feedback on this paper. Finally, we thank the many technicians and volunteers who helped to capture and resight birds, especially A. Robbins, K. Brenneman, T. Sandberg-Diment, G. Zager, J. Albanese, N. Nelson, J. O'Donnell, R. Sandberg-Diment, R. Pond, J. Stanley, and D. Cushing. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 442 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps09373 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 865HG UT WOS:000298301200018 ER PT J AU Mozdzer, TJ Kirwan, M McGlathery, KJ Zieman, JC AF Mozdzer, T. J. Kirwan, M. McGlathery, K. J. Zieman, J. C. TI Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Foliar uptake; Stem uptake; Ammonia; Glycine; Nitrate; DON ID GRACILARIA-VERMICULOPHYLLA RHODOPHYTA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; SALT-MARSH; SULFIDE CONCENTRATION; NORTH INLET; WATER; ESTUARY; VARIABILITY; NUTRIENTS; SEDIMENTS AB The smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora is the foundation species in intertidal salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. Depending on its elevation within the marsh, S. alterniflora may be submerged for several hours per day. Previous ecosystem-level studies have demonstrated that S. alterniflora marshes are a net sink for nitrogen (N), and that removal of N from flooding tidal water can provide enough N to support the aboveground biomass. However, studies have not specifically investigated whether S. alterniflora plants assimilate nutrients through their aboveground tissue. We determined in situ foliar and stem N uptake kinetics for (NH4)-N-15, (NO3)-N-15, and N-15-glycine by artificially flooding plants in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. To determine the ecological importance of shoot uptake, a model was created to estimate the time of inundation of S. alterniflora in 20 cm height intervals during the growing season. Estimates of inundation time, shoot mass, N uptake rates, and N availability from long-term data sets were used to model seasonal shoot N uptake. Rates of aboveground N uptake rates (leaves + stems) were ranked as follows: NH4+ > glycine > NO3-. Our model suggests that shoot N uptake may satisfy up to 15% of the growing season N demand in mid-Atlantic salt marshes, with variation depending on plant elevation and water column N availability. However, in eutrophic estuaries, our model indicates the potential of the plant canopy as a nutrient filter, with shoot uptake contributing 66 to 100% of plant N demand. C1 [Mozdzer, T. J.; Kirwan, M.; McGlathery, K. J.; Zieman, J. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kirwan, M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mozdzer, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mozdzert@si.edu RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011; Mozdzer, Thomas/G-4372-2011; Mozdzer, Thomas/A-3599-2014 OI Mozdzer, Thomas/0000-0002-1053-0967 FU South Atlantic Chapter of the Society of Wetland Scientists; NSF [DEB 0621014]; USGS FX We thank B. Curtis and R. Baker for help in the field, and A. Mills and P. D'Odorico for helpful insights. Funding for this study was from the South Atlantic Chapter of the Society of Wetland Scientists to T.J.M., NSF LTER grant DEB 0621014, and the USGS Global Change Research Program. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, processes or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the US Government or its employees. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 433 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.3354/meps09117 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 794JB UT WOS:000292890400003 ER PT J AU Greene, VE Sullivan, LJ Thompson, JK Kimmerer, WJ AF Greene, Valerie E. Sullivan, Lindsay J. Thompson, Janet K. Kimmerer, Wim J. TI Grazing impact of the invasive clam Corbula amurensis on the microplankton assemblage of the northern San Francisco Estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Bivalves; Benthic-pelagic coupling; Microzooplankton; Microphytoplankton; Low-salinity zone; Ciliates ID CONTROL PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; REMARKABLE INVASION; CYCLOPOID COPEPOD; BAY CALIFORNIA; FOOD-CHAIN; BIVALVE; MESOZOOPLANKTON AB Grazing by the overbite clam Corbula amurensis (formerly known as Potamocorbula) may be the cause of substantial declines in phytoplankton biomass and zooplankton in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) following its introduction in 1986. While grazing rates have been examined on bacteria, phytoplankton, and copepod nauplii, the consumption of protistan microzooplankton by C. amurensis has not previously been measured. In this study, laboratory feeding experiments revealed that C. amurensis cleared 0.5 l ind(-1) h(-1) of microzooplankton (ciliates) and 0.2 l ind(-1) h(-1) of chlorophyll (chl) a. Despite the higher clearance rate on microzooplankton, clams obtained more of their carbon from phytoplankton, which dominated the prey assemblage on most dates. When the measured clearance rates are extrapolated to field populations of clams, fractional loss rates (50 to 90% d(-1)) exceed the population growth capacity of microzooplankton. Although microzooplankton may not be a major component of the diet of these clams, C. amurensis may further alter food web dynamics through consumption of this important trophic intermediary, thus disrupting this link from bacteria and phytoplankton to higher trophic levels. C1 [Greene, Valerie E.; Sullivan, Lindsay J.; Kimmerer, Wim J.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Greene, Valerie E.; Thompson, Janet K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Greene, VE (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM vegreene@usgs.gov FU CALFED [SCI-05-C107] FX We thank T. Ignoffo and A. Slaughter for their help in the laboratory and for their comments on an earlier draft. J. York provided assistance with microzooplankton identification and contributed microzooplankton growth rate data. S. Foster, F. Parchaso, C. Phillips, and T. Schraga assisted in the field along with Captain B. Richards and Chief Engineer S. Conard. K. Boyer, J. Cloern and F. Parchaso also provided comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by CALFED Science Program Grant SCI-05-C107. NR 66 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 431 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.3354/meps09099 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 781SF UT WOS:000291953100015 ER PT J AU Paul, VJ Kuffner, IB Walters, LJ Ritson-Williams, R Beach, KS Becerro, MA AF Paul, Valerie J. Kuffner, Ilsa B. Walters, Linda J. Ritson-Williams, Raphael Beach, Kevin S. Becerro, Mikel A. TI Chemically mediated interactions between macroalgae Dictyota spp. and multiple life-history stages of the coral Porites astreoides SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Allelopathy; Coral-algal interactions; Dictyota; Chemical defense; Phase shift ID PHASE-SHIFTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; CARIBBEAN CORALS; BENTHIC ALGAE; REEF; COMPETITION; RECRUITMENT; RESILIENCE; HERBIVORES AB Competition between corals and macroalgae is often assumed to occur on reefs, especially those that have undergone shifts from coral to algal dominance; however, data examining these competitive interactions, especially during the early life-history stages of corals, are scarce. We conducted a series of field and outdoor seawater-table experiments to test the hypothesis that allelopathy (chemical inhibition) mediates interactions between 2 common brown macroalgae, Dictyota pulchella and D. pinnatifida, and the coral Porites astreoides at different life-history stages of the coral. D. pinnatifida significantly reduced larval survival and larval recruitment. The extracts of both D. pinnatifida and D. pulchella significantly reduced larval survival, and the extract of D. pulchella also negatively influenced larval recruitment. There was no measurable effect of the crude extracts from Dictyota spp. on the photophysiology of adult corals. Our results provide evidence that these Dictyota species chemically compete with P. astreoides by negatively affecting larval settlement and recruitment as well as the survival of larvae and new recruits. Macroalgae may perpetuate their dominance on degraded reefs by chemically inhibiting the process of coral recruitment. C1 [Paul, Valerie J.; Ritson-Williams, Raphael; Becerro, Mikel A.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Kuffner, Ilsa B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Walters, Linda J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Beach, Kevin S.] Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Becerro, Mikel A.] Ctr Adv Studies CEAB CSIC, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM paul@si.edu RI Becerro, Mikel/A-5325-2008; OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847; Becerro, Mikel/0000-0002-6047-350X FU USGS FX This work was supported by a USGS Eastern Region State Partnership award to I.B.K., L.J.W. and V.J.P. We thank B. Keller and J. Delaney for support of our work through the issuance of Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permit nos. FKNMS-2004-018 and FKNMS-2006-034. We thank L. Giles and C. Humphries at Keys Marine Lab for deploying the settlement tiles for conditioning, K. Grablow for assisting with data collection and G. Piniak for his insightful suggestions on the manuscript. Any use of trade names herein was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is contribution no. 844 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 45 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 426 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.3354/meps09032 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 742ZO UT WOS:000288984400012 ER PT J AU Bond, AL Jones, IL Sydeman, WJ Major, HL Minobe, S Williams, JC Byrd, GV AF Bond, Alexander L. Jones, Ian L. Sydeman, William J. Major, Heather L. Minobe, Shoshiro Williams, Jeffrey C. Byrd, G. Vernon TI Reproductive success of planktivorous seabirds in the North Pacific is related to ocean climate on decadal scales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Productivity; Oceanography; Demography; Aethia spp.; Least auklet; Crested auklet; Whiskered auklet; Aleutian Islands ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; AUKLETS AETHIA-PUSILLA; RATS RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; LEAST AUKLETS; REGIME SHIFTS; SALMON PRODUCTION; BREEDING BIOLOGY; WHISKERED AUKLET; ATLANTIC PUFFIN; CRESTED AUKLETS AB Growing evidence indicates relationships between seabird demography and both large- and small-scale variation in climate and oceanography, yet few studies have examined multiple species and locations simultaneously. As secondary consumers, least, whiskered, and crested auklets (Aethia pusilla, A. pygmaea, and A. cristatella, respectively), congeneric planktivorous seabirds endemic to the Bering and Okhotsk seas, are expected to respond to changes in ocean climate due to their low trophic positioning. From 1990 to 2008, we measured reproductive success (productivity) and breeding phenology (mean hatching date) of auklets on Buldir, Kiska, and Kasatochi, 3 islands spanning 585 km across the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. A model including Island, Species, and Winter Aleutian Low Pressure Index (ALPI) best explained productivity, with reproductive success decreasing among all species with increasing ALPI (beta = -0.273 +/- 0.0263 [SE]), likely through control of water temperature and prey (zooplankton) availability. Auklet productivity also increased with increasing winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the western North Pacific and western Bering Sea (and correspondingly decreased with increasing SST in the Gulf of Alaska), and was correlated negatively with spring sea-level air pressure in the North Pacific. These responses are reflective of positive values of the Aleutian low pressure system. Though our datasets cover only 19 yr or less, we found similar correlations between climate and auklet productivity among all species and islands. Together, our results suggest that ocean climatic conditions and reproductive success of planktivorous auklets are significantly related. C1 [Bond, Alexander L.; Jones, Ian L.; Major, Heather L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Minobe, Shoshiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Williams, Jeffrey C.; Byrd, G. Vernon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Bond, AL (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. EM abond@mun.ca RI Minobe, Shoshiro/E-2997-2010; OI Minobe, Shoshiro/0000-0002-9487-9006; Bond, Alexander/0000-0003-2125-7238 FU North Pacific Research Board [638]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada FX We thank the many field workers who collected this abundance of data over 20 yr. Especially noteworthy are the multi-year efforts of several people indicated with an asterisk (*): E. Andersen*, M. Barrett, D. Barton, G. Beyersdorf*, C. Brake, K. Brenneman, R. Buchheit, D. Clutter, J. Daniels, E. Drew, B. Drummond*, A. Durand, J. Dussureault*, C. Eggleston*, K. Elkin, J. Fischer*, J. C. Ford, S. Freeman*, C. Gray, M. Grinnell, J. M. Hipfner*, S. Hootman, N. Jones, T. Joyce*, P. Kappes, B. Keller, S. Kissler, H. Knechtel*, N. Konyukhov, S. Lantz, A. Larned, K. Lindquist, G. Loh, S. Lorenz, J. Marais, M. McClintock, L. Meehan, J. Mueller, M. Murphy*, R. Orben, M. Ortwerth, A. Palmer, L. Parker, K. Payne, J. Petersen, D. Rehder, H. Renner*, A. Ritchie, N. Rojek*, K. Russell, P. Ryan, G. Samson, S. Sapora, C. Schlawe, N. Seferovic, K. Shea, E. Sommer, L. Spitler*, A. Stoertz, A. Stover, S. Syria*, G. Thomson, C. VanStratt, R. Walder, and H. Walsh. The MV 'Tiglax' and her crews provided logistical support. The North Pacific Research Board (grant no. 638), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, and Northern Scientific Training Program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada provided financial support for this research. This is publication no. 283 of the North Pacific Research Board. A. R. Breton, A. P. Lusignan, and G. J. Robertson gave statistical advice, G. W. Humphries assisted with the remotely sensed data, and T. W. Chapman, E. H. Miller, G. J. Robertson, M. Frederiksen, R. P. Wilson, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided improvements on previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 92 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 424 BP 205 EP U218 DI 10.3354/meps08975 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 729QT UT WOS:000287966400017 ER PT J AU Miksis-Olds, JL Wagner, T AF Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L. Wagner, Tyler TI Behavioral response of manatees to variations in environmental sound levels SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE manatee; Sirenia; Trichechus manatus latirostris; behavior; ambient sound; noise; activity budget ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; FLORIDA; PATTERNS; NOISE; LATIROSTRIS; HABITATS AB P>Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) inhabit coastal regions because they feed on the aquatic vegetation that grows in shallow waters, which are the same areas where human activities are greatest. Noise produced from anthropogenic and natural sources has the potential to affect these animals by eliciting responses ranging from mild behavioral changes to extreme aversion. Sound levels were calculated from recordings made throughout behavioral observation periods. An information theoretic approach was used to investigate the relationship between behavior patterns and sound level. Results indicated that elevated sound levels affect manatee activity and are a function of behavioral state. The proportion of time manatees spent feeding and milling changed in response to sound level. When ambient sound levels were highest, more time was spent in the directed, goal-oriented behavior of feeding, whereas less time was spent engaged in undirected behavior such as milling. This work illustrates how shifts in activity of individual manatees may be useful parameters for identifying impacts of noise on manatees and might inform population level effects. C1 [Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Miksis-Olds, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM jlm91@psu.edu FU PEO; National Defense for Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG); American Association for University Women (AAUW) FX Special thanks are extended to the staff in the Manatee Research Program at Mote Marine Laboratory for their support of this study in many ways. This study would not have been possible without the aid of numerous Mote interns and the sharing of knowledge and time from the staff. Thank you to David Mann and FWRI for allowing this project to be conducted under their permits (Data were collected on free-ranging animals under the permits issued by the U. S. Federal Fish and Wildlife Service to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) (MA773494-7) and to Dr. David Mann of the University of South Florida (USF) (MA051709-0)). Fieldwork was supported by a PEO Scholar Award and a National Defense for Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship awarded to Jennifer Miksis. An American Association for University Women (AAUW) Dissertation Writing Fellowship to Jennifer Miksis-Olds supported the writing of this research. The authors thank the editors and four anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments on a previous version of this paper. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 130 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00381.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 700QU UT WOS:000285760200008 ER PT S AU Ma, L Ahuja, LR Saseendran, SA Malone, RW Green, TR Nolan, BT Bartling, PNS Flerchinger, GN Boote, KJ Hoogenboom, G AF Ma, L. Ahuja, L. R. Saseendran, S. A. Malone, R. W. Green, T. R. Nolan, B. T. Bartling, P. N. S. Flerchinger, G. N. Boote, K. J. Hoogenboom, G. BE Ahuja, LR Ma, L TI A Protocol for Parameterization and Calibration of RZWQM2 in Field Research SO METHODS OF INTRODUCING SYSTEM MODELS INTO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; ENERGY-BALANCE SIMULATION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; TILE DRAINAGE; CROP PRODUCTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MACROPORE TRANSPORT; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE TRIALS AB Use of agricultural system models in field research requires a full understanding of both the model and the system it simulates. This chapter provides a protocol on how to parameterize the USDA-ARS, Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2), which contains the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) version 4.0 crop growth modules and the SHAW (Simultaneous Heat and Water) energy balance modules. It summarizes input data requirements of soil, weather, and plants, as well as the minimum data needed to calibrate the model. Calibration of each component or process is illustrated, along with possible adjustable parameters. An iterative procedure for model calibration is emphasized. Difficulties in model application are presented, along with possible solutions. However, the steps for model calibration are still in the trial-and-error stage and can vary from application to application. Model users should benefit from the materials in this chapter by combining them with those in the RZWQM2 user manual released with the model. C1 [Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.; Saseendran, S. A.; Green, T. R.; Bartling, P. N. S.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nolan, B. T.] USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Flerchinger, G. N.] USDA ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Boote, K. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoogenboom, G.] Washington State Univ, AgWeatherNet, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov; Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov; rob.malone@ars.usda.gov; btnolan@usgs.gov; pat.bartling@ars.usda.gov NR 108 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-196-5; 978-0-89118-180-4 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2011 VL 2 BP 1 EP 64 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c1 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2 PG 64 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BE3JF UT WOS:000370798900003 ER PT S AU Malone, RW Meek, DW Ma, L Jaynes, DB Nolan, BT Karlen, DL AF Malone, R. W. Meek, D. W. Ma, L. Jaynes, D. B. Nolan, B. T. Karlen, D. L. BE Ahuja, LR Ma, L TI Quality Assurance of Weather Data for Agricultural System Model Input: A Case Study using the Walnut Creek Watershed in Central Iowa SO METHODS OF INTRODUCING SYSTEM MODELS INTO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SENSITIVITY; YIELDS; SOIL AB Use of agricultural system models in field research requires quality weather data for input. This chapter provides methods to assess the integrity of rainfall, radiation, and humidity input for the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). These methods were applied to a recent RZWQM application at Walnut Creek in central Iowa. Data bias of 10% in humidity, rainfall, and solar radiation results in long-term errors of more than 40% for nitrate loss in tile drains from these RZWQM simulations. Actual weather records show measurement errors in rain, solar radiation, and humidity of 10% or more. The quality assurance procedures described here will help model users detect erroneous weather measurements, which will help improve their model simulations through more accurate simulations and higher confidence in the weather input. C1 [Malone, R. W.; Meek, D. W.; Jaynes, D. B.; Karlen, D. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, L.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nolan, B. T.] USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rob.malone@ars.usda.gov; dave.meek@ars.usda.gov; liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov; dan.jaynes@ars.usda.gov; btnolan@usgs.gov; doug.karlen@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-196-5; 978-0-89118-180-4 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2011 VL 2 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c10 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BE3JF UT WOS:000370798900012 ER PT S AU Nolan, BT Malone, RW Ma, LW Green, CT Fienen, MN Jaynes, DB AF Nolan, Bernard T. Malone, Robert W. Ma, Liwang Green, Christopher T. Fienen, Michael N. Jaynes, Dan B. BE Ahuja, LR Ma, L TI Inverse Modeling with RZWQM2 to Predict Water Quality SO METHODS OF INTRODUCING SYSTEM MODELS INTO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; UNSATURATED ZONE; CROP PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE LOSS; CORN YIELD; GROUNDWATER; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT; BALANCES AB This chapter presents guidelines for autocalibration of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) by inverse modeling using PEST parameter estimation software (Doherty, 2010). Two sites with diverse climate and management were considered for simulation of N losses by leaching and in drain flow: an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] orchard in the San Joaquin Valley, California and the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, which is predominantly in corn (Zen mays L.) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Mem] rotation. Inverse modeling provides an objective statistical basis for calibration that involves simultaneous adjustment of model parameters and yields parameter confidence intervals and sensitivities. We describe operation of PEST in both parameter estimation and predictive analysis modes. The goal of parameter estimation is to identify a unique set of parameters that minimize a weighted least squares objective function, and the goal of predictive analysis is to construct a nonlinear confidence interval for a prediction of interest by finding a set of parameters that maximizes or minimizes the prediction while maintaining the model in a calibrated state. We also describe PEST utilities (PAR2PAR, TSPROC) for maintaining ordered relations among model parameters (e.g., soil root growth factor) and for post-processing of RZWQM2 outputs representing different cropping practices at the Iowa site. Inverse modeling provided reasonable fits to observed water and N fluxes and directly benefited the modeling through: (i) simultaneous adjustment of multiple parameters versus one-at-a-time adjustment in manual approaches; (ii) clear indication by convergence criteria of when calibration is complete; (iii) straightforward detection of nonunique and insensitive parameters, which can affect the stability of PEST and RZWQM2; and (iv) generation of confidence intervals for uncertainty analysis of parameters and model predictions. Composite scaled sensitivities, which reflect the total information provided by the observations for a parameter, indicated that most of the RZWQM2 parameters at the California study site (CA) and Iowa study site (IA) could be reliably estimated by regression. Correlations obtained in the CA case indicated that all model parameters could be uniquely estimated by inverse modeling. Although water content at field capacity was highly correlated with bulk density (-0.94), the correlation is less than the threshold for nonuniqueness (0.95, absolute value basis). Additionally, we used truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) at CA to mitigate potential problems with highly correlated and insensitive parameters. Singular value decomposition estimates linear combinations (eigenvectors) of the original process-model parameters. Parameter confidence intervals (Os) at CA indicated that parameters were reliably estimated with the possible exception of an organic pool transfer coefficient (R45), which had a comparatively wide Cl. However, the 95% confidence interval for R45 (0.03-0.35) is mostly within the range of values reported for this parameter. Predictive analysis at CA generated confidence intervals that were compared with independently measured annual water flux (groundwater recharge) and median nitrate concentration in a collocated monitoring well as part of model evaluation. Both the observed recharge (42.3 cm yr-') and nitrate concentration (24.3 mg L') were within their respective 90% confidence intervals, indicating that overall model error was within acceptable limits. C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.] USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Malone, Robert W.; Jaynes, Dan B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, Liwang] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Green, Christopher T.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fienen, Michael N.] USGS, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM btnolan@usgs.gov; rob.malone@ars.usda.gov; liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov; ctgreen@usgs.gov; mnfienen@usgs.gov; dan.jaynes@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-196-5; 978-0-89118-180-4 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2011 VL 2 BP 327 EP 363 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c12 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2 PG 37 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BE3JF UT WOS:000370798900014 ER PT B AU Johnson, RH AF Johnson, Raymond H. BE Rude, TR Freund, A Wolkersdorfer, C TI Reactive Transport Modeling for the Proposed Dewey Burdock Uranium In-Situ Recovery Mine, Edgemont, South Dakota, USA SO MINE WATER - MANAGING THE CHALLENGES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION CONGRESS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Mine-Water-Association Congress on Mine Water - Managing the Challenges CY SEP 04-11, 2011 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP RWTHAACHEN, Inst Hydrogeol, VORWEG, Lhoist, Cogent MODERNWATER, XROSSWATER LTD, GEHEN, DHI WASY, DMT, CAROLUS THERMEN, BAD AACHEN DE uranium; in-situ recovery; reactive transport modeling AB In-situ recovery (ISR) mining extracts uranium by enhanced dissolution and mobilization of solid phase uranium in sandstone aquifers. Geochemical changes that occur due to the ISR mining process are important for local groundwater users, regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders to understand in order to evaluate the potential effects on surrounding groundwater quality during and after mining. Reactive transport modeling is being used at the proposed Dewey Burdock ISR mine to simulate the geochemistry of: 1) uranium roll-front deposition; 2) current groundwater conditions; 3) mining processes; 4) post-mining restoration; and, 5) long-term groundwater quality after restoration. This modeling uses groundwater flow coupled with rock/water interations to understand geochemical changes during each stage. Conceptually, uranium roll-fronts are formed as oxygenated, uranium-rich groundwaters enter reducing zones where uranium minerals precipitate to form uranium ore. Through geologic time, the groundwater flow direction and incoming groundwater geochemistry can change, which may or may not alter the uranium roll-front deposit. During the mining process, oxygen and a complexing agent (such as carbon dioxide) are added to oxidize, solubilize, and remove the uranium. Post-mining, the mining solution is removed, and reducing agents may be added to re-precipitate uranium. Longer term geochemistry depends upon the remaining solid-phase minerals, their reactivity, and the composition of the incoming groundwater. All of these processes are highlighted through the use of a simple three-dimensional reactive transport model (groundwater flow and geochemistry). While this research focuses specifically on the proposed Dewey Burdock uranium ISR site near Edgemont, South Dakota, the procedures described are generally applicable to any proposed uranium ISR mine. C1 [Johnson, Raymond H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RWTH AACHEN UNIV, INST HYDROGEOLOGY PI AACHEN PA LOCHNERSTRASSE 4-20, AACHEN, 52064, GERMANY BN 978-3-00-035543-1 PY 2011 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG7KU UT WOS:000391415200039 ER PT B AU Ulrich, KU Veeramani, H Schofield, EJ Sharp, JO Suvorova, EI Stubbs, JE Lezama-Pacheco, JS Barrows, CJ Cerrato, JM Campbells, KM Yabusaki, SB Long, PE Bernier-Latmani, R Giammar, DE Bargar, JR AF Ulrich, Kai-Uwe Veeramani, Harish Schofield, Eleanor J. Sharp, Jonathan O. Suvorova, Elena I. Stubbs, Joanne E. Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S. Barrows, Charles J. Cerrato, Jose M. Campbells, Kate M. Yabusaki, Steven B. Long, Philip E. Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan Giammar, Daniel E. Bargar, John R. BE Rude, TR Freund, A Wolkersdorfer, C TI Biostimulated uranium immobilization within aquifers-from bench scale to field experiments SO MINE WATER - MANAGING THE CHALLENGES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION CONGRESS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Mine-Water-Association Congress on Mine Water - Managing the Challenges CY SEP 04-11, 2011 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP RWTHAACHEN, Inst Hydrogeol, VORWEG, Lhoist, Cogent MODERNWATER, XROSSWATER LTD, GEHEN, DHI WASY, DMT, CAROLUS THERMEN, BAD AACHEN DE uraninite; groundwater incubation; dissolution rate; corrosion mechanism; up-scaling ID BIOGENIC URANINITE; U(VI) REDUCTION; UO2 AB In situ bioremediation of uranium-contaminated aquifers through microbially catalyzed reduction of mobile U(VI) species can only be successful if the U(IV) products are immobilized over long time-scales. Although uraninite is known for its low solubility and has been produced in nano-particulate form by several species of metal-and sulfate-reducing bacteria in laboratory studies, little is known about the stability of biogenic U(IV) in the subsurface. Using an up-scaling approach, we investigated the chemical and environmental stability of biogenic UO2 nano-solids. Our results show that diffusive limitations due to aquifer porosity and microstructure may retard uraninite corrosion. Corrosion was also retarded by adsorption or incorporation of manganese. On the other hand, U(VI) bioreduction in field sediments generated U(IV) that was more labile than biogenic UO2. C1 [Veeramani, Harish; Sharp, Jonathan O.; Suvorova, Elena I.; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schofield, Eleanor J.; Stubbs, Joanne E.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.; Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Ulrich, Kai-Uwe; Barrows, Charles J.; Cerrato, Jose M.; Giammar, Daniel E.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Campbells, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Yabusaki, Steven B.; Long, Philip E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Veeramani, Harish] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Schofield, Eleanor J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Sharp, Jonathan O.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ulrich, KU (reprint author), BGD Soil & Groundwater Lab, Tiergartenstr 48, D-01219 Dresden, Germany. EM kulrich@bgd-gmbh.de NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RWTH AACHEN UNIV, INST HYDROGEOLOGY PI AACHEN PA LOCHNERSTRASSE 4-20, AACHEN, 52064, GERMANY BN 978-3-00-035543-1 PY 2011 BP 627 EP 632 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG7KU UT WOS:000391415200114 ER PT J AU Yeung, CKL Tsai, PW Chesser, RT Lin, RC Yao, CT Tian, XH Li, SH AF Yeung, Carol K. L. Tsai, Pi-Wen Chesser, R. Terry Lin, Rong-Chien Yao, Cheng-Te Tian, Xiu-Hua Li, Shou-Hsien TI Testing Founder Effect Speciation: Divergence Population Genetics of the Spoonbills Platalea regia and Pl. minor (Threskiornithidae, Aves) SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE founder effect speciation; spoonbills; Platalea; postdivergence gene flow; approximate Bayesian computation ID DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; STATISTICAL-METHOD; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MULTIPLE LOCI; EVOLUTION; COALESCENT; MIGRATION; PHYLOGENY AB Although founder effect speciation has been a popular theoretical model for the speciation of geographically isolated taxa, its empirical importance has remained difficult to evaluate due to the intractability of past demography, which in a founder effect speciation scenario would involve a speciational bottleneck in the emergent species and the complete cessation of gene flow following divergence. Using regression-weighted approximate Bayesian computation, we tested the validity of these two fundamental conditions of founder effect speciation in a pair of sister species with disjunct distributions: the royal spoonbill Platalea regia in Australasia and the black-faced spoonbill Pl. minor in eastern Asia. When compared with genetic polymorphism observed at 20 nuclear loci in the two species, simulations showed that the founder effect speciation model had an extremely low posterior probability (1.55 x 10(-8)) of producing the extant genetic pattern. In contrast, speciation models that allowed for postdivergence gene flow were much more probable (posterior probabilities were 0.37 and 0.50 for the bottleneck with gene flow and the gene flow models, respectively) and postdivergence gene flow persisted for a considerable period of time (more than 80% of the divergence history in both models) following initial divergence (median = 197,000 generations, 95% credible interval [CI]: 50,000-478,000, for the bottleneck with gene flow model; and 186,000 generations, 95% CI: 45,000-477,000, for the gene flow model). Furthermore, the estimated population size reduction in Pl. regia to 7,000 individuals (median, 95% CI: 487-12,000, according to the bottleneck with gene flow model) was unlikely to have been severe enough to be considered a bottleneck. Therefore, these results do not support founder effect speciation in Pl. regia but indicate instead that the divergence between Pl. regia and Pl. minor was probably driven by selection despite continuous gene flow. In this light, we discuss the potential importance of evolutionarily labile traits with significant fitness consequences, such as migratory behavior and habitat preference, in facilitating divergence of the spoonbills. C1 [Yeung, Carol K. L.; Lin, Rong-Chien; Li, Shou-Hsien] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Tsai, Pi-Wen] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Math, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Yao, Cheng-Te] Endem Species Res Inst, Middle Altitude Expt Stn, Chi Chi, Nantou, Taiwan. [Tian, Xiu-Hua] NE Forestry Univ, Coll Wildlife Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. RP Li, SH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. EM t43028@ntnu.edu.tw OI Tsai, Pi-Wen/0000-0003-2809-0733 FU National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. FX We thank the American Museum of Natural History of the United States and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia for providing samples. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank D. Chang for assistance in writing codes for calculating summary statistics from the simulated data. We are also grateful for the valuable help and comments by M. Beaumont and technical support by P. Sweet and Y.-T. Lin. This work was supported by grants to S.-H.L. from the National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1093/molbev/msq210 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 696CD UT WOS:000285418600048 PM 20705906 ER PT J AU Vandergast, AG Perry, WM Lugo, RV Hathaway, SA AF Vandergast, Amy G. Perry, William M. Lugo, Roberto V. Hathaway, Stacie A. TI Genetic landscapes GIS Toolbox: tools to map patterns of genetic divergence and diversity SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE ArcGIS; genetic distance; mapping ID CONSERVATION; HISTORY AB The Landscape Genetics GIS Toolbox contains tools that run in the Geographic Information System software, ArcGIS (R), to map genetic landscapes and to summarize multiple genetic landscapes as average and variance surfaces. These tools can be used to visualize the distribution of genetic diversity across geographic space and to study associations between patterns of genetic diversity and geographic features or other geo-referenced environmental data sets. Together, these tools create genetic landscape surfaces directly from tables containing genetic distance or diversity data and sample location coordinates, greatly reducing the complexity of building and analyzing these raster surfaces in a Geographic Information System. C1 [Vandergast, Amy G.; Hathaway, Stacie A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Lugo, Roberto V.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Geospatial Informat Off, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Vandergast, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM avandergast@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02904.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 693UB UT WOS:000285249800021 PM 21429115 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, RK Allainguillaume, J Bajay, MM Barthwal, S Bertolino, P Chauhan, P Consuegra, S Croxford, A Dalton, DL den Belder, E Diaz-Ferguson, E Douglas, MR Drees, M Elderson, J Esselink, GD Fernandez-Manjarres, JF Frascaria-Lacoste, N Gabler-Schwarz, S de Leaniz, CG Ginwal, HS Goodisman, MAD Guo, BL Hamilton, MB Hayes, PK Hong, Y Kajita, T Kalinowski, ST Keller, L Koop, BF Kotze, A Lalremruata, A Leese, F Li, CH Liew, WY Martinelli, S Matthews, EA Medlin, LK Messmer, AM Meyer, EI Monteiro, M Moyer, GR Nelson, RJ Nguyen, TTT Omoto, C Ono, JY Pavinato, VAC Pearcy, M Pinheiro, JB Power, LD Rawat, A Reusch, TBH Sanderson, D Sannier, J Sathe, S Sheridan, CK Smulders, MJM Sukganah, A Takayama, K Tamura, M Tateishi, Y Vanhaecke, D Vu, NV Wickneswari, R Williams, AS Wimp, GM Witte, V Zucchi, MI AF Aggarwal, Ramesh K. Allainguillaume, Joel Bajay, M. M. Barthwal, Santan Bertolino, P. Chauhan, Priti Consuegra, Sofia Croxford, Adam Dalton, Desire L. den Belder, E. Diaz-Ferguson, E. Douglas, M. R. Drees, Michael Elderson, J. Esselink, G. D. Fernandez-Manjarres, J. F. Frascaria-Lacoste, N. Gaebler-Schwarz, Steffi de Leaniz, Carlos Garcia Ginwal, H. S. Goodisman, Michael A. D. Guo, Baoling Hamilton, M. B. Hayes, Paul K. Hong, Yan Kajita, Tadashi Kalinowski, Steven T. Keller, Laurent Koop, Ben F. Kotze, Antoinette Lalremruata, Albert Leese, Florian Li, Chunhong Liew, W. Y. Martinelli, S. Matthews, Emily A. Medlin, Linda K. Messmer, Amber M. Meyer, Elisabeth I. Monteiro, M. Moyer, G. R. Nelson, R. John Nguyen, Thuy T. T. Omoto, C. Ono, Junya Pavinato, V. A. C. Pearcy, Morgan Pinheiro, J. B. Power, L. D. Rawat, Anita Reusch, Thorsten B. H. Sanderson, Dan Sannier, J. Sathe, Santosh Sheridan, C. K. Smulders, M. J. M. Sukganah, A. Takayama, Koji Tamura, Mariko Tateishi, Yoichi Vanhaecke, Delphine Vu, Ninh V. Wickneswari, R. Williams, A. S. Wimp, G. M. Witte, Volker Zucchi, M. I. CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2010-30 September 2010 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 229 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium hybrid, Alabama argillacea, Anoplopoma fimbria, Aplochiton zebra, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium giganteum, Echinogammarus berilloni, Epimedium sagittatum, Fraxinus excelsior, Labeo chrysophekadion, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, Paratrechina longicornis, Phaeocystis antarctica, Pinus roxburghii and Potamilus capax. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Acacia peregrinalis, Acacia crassicarpa, Bruguiera cylindrica, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium macrocephalum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium purpureum, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium rosarium, Polysphondylium pallidum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium koreanum, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium wushanese and Fraxinus angustifolia. C1 [Aggarwal, Ramesh K.; Lalremruata, Albert] CSIR, Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Allainguillaume, Joel; Consuegra, Sofia; Croxford, Adam; Vanhaecke, Delphine] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [Bajay, M. M.; Monteiro, M.; Pinheiro, J. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Genet, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Barthwal, Santan; Chauhan, Priti; Ginwal, H. S.; Rawat, Anita] Forest Res Inst, Div Genet & Tree Propagat, Dehra Dun 248195, Uttrakhand, India. [Bertolino, P.; Fernandez-Manjarres, J. F.; Frascaria-Lacoste, N.; Sannier, J.] CNRS, UMR 8079, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bertolino, P.; Fernandez-Manjarres, J. F.; Frascaria-Lacoste, N.; Sannier, J.] AgroParisTech, F-75231 Paris, France. [Bertolino, P.; Fernandez-Manjarres, J. F.; Frascaria-Lacoste, N.; Sannier, J.] Univ Paris 11, UMR 8079, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Dalton, Desire L.; Kotze, Antoinette] Natl Zool Gardens S Africa, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Dalton, Desire L.; Kotze, Antoinette] Univ Free State, Dept Genet, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [den Belder, E.; Elderson, J.; Esselink, G. D.; Smulders, M. J. M.] Wageningen UR, Plant Res Int, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Diaz-Ferguson, E.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Douglas, M. R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Drees, Michael; Meyer, Elisabeth I.] Univ Muenster WWU, Dept Limnol, Inst Evolut & Biodivers, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Gaebler-Schwarz, Steffi] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [de Leaniz, Carlos Garcia] Swansea Univ, Sch Environm & Soc, Dept Pure & Appl Ecol, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Goodisman, Michael A. D.; Matthews, Emily A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Guo, Baoling] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Med Plant Dev, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Hamilton, M. B.; Power, L. D.; Sheridan, C. K.; Wimp, G. M.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Hayes, Paul K.] Univ Portsmouth, Fac Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. [Hong, Yan; Li, Chunhong] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117604, Singapore. [Kajita, Tadashi; Ono, Junya; Takayama, Koji; Tamura, Mariko] Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Kalinowski, Steven T.; Vu, Ninh V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Keller, Laurent; Pearcy, Morgan] Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Koop, Ben F.; Messmer, Amber M.; Sanderson, Dan] Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Leese, Florian] Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Liew, W. Y.; Sukganah, A.; Wickneswari, R.] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul, Malaysia. [Martinelli, S.] Monsanto Brasil Ltda, BR-04578000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Medlin, Linda K.] Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observ Oceanol, F-66651 Banyuls Sur Mer, France. [Medlin, Linda K.] CNRS, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observ Oceanol, F-66651 Banyuls Sur Mer, France. [Moyer, G. R.; Williams, A. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Nelson, R. John] Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Nguyen, Thuy T. T.] Network Aquaculture Ctr Asia Pacific, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. [Nguyen, Thuy T. T.] Sch Life & Environm Sci, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. [Nguyen, Thuy T. T.] Victorian AgriBioSci Ctr, Bundoora, Vic 3080, Australia. [Omoto, C.; Pavinato, V. A. C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Entomol & Acarol, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Reusch, Thorsten B. H.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci IFM GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Sathe, Santosh] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Takayama, Koji] Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, Dept Plant Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Tateishi, Yoichi] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Educ, Okinawa 9030129, Japan. [Witte, Volker] Univ Munich, Dept Biol 2, Munich, Germany. [Zucchi, M. I.] Agencia Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios, Polo Ctr Sul, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Aggarwal, RK (reprint author), CSIR, Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RI Omoto, Celso/D-9794-2012; medlin, linda/G-4820-2010; Koop, Ben/A-8151-2008; Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/B-4396-2011; Reusch, Thorsten/G-4141-2011; Consuegra, Sofia/G-1788-2010; Zucchi, Maria/D-2637-2012; Leese, Florian/D-4277-2012; Bajay, Miklos/D-8956-2012; Correa Pavinato, Vitor Antonio/D-6576-2011; Smulders, Marinus J.M./B-3654-2009; Aggarwal, Ramesh/J-7873-2013; Hong, Yan/D-5106-2014 OI Omoto, Celso/0000-0002-6432-830X; keller, laurent/0000-0002-5046-9953; Pinheiro, Jose Baldin/0000-0003-1294-2081; Leese, Florian/0000-0002-5465-913X; Koop, Ben/0000-0003-0045-5200; Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/0000-0003-1650-2729; Consuegra, Sofia/0000-0003-4403-2509; Bajay, Miklos/0000-0002-8196-3524; Correa Pavinato, Vitor Antonio/0000-0003-2483-1207; Smulders, Marinus J.M./0000-0002-8549-6046; Aggarwal, Ramesh/0000-0001-7486-4950; Hong, Yan/0000-0002-2954-8788 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02944.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 693UB UT WOS:000285249800033 ER PT B AU Lawler, JJ Nelson, E Conte, M Shafer, SL Ennaanay, D Mendoza, G AF Lawler, Joshua J. Nelson, Erik Conte, Marc Shafer, Sarah L. Ennaanay, Driss Mendoza, Guillermo BE Kareiva, P Tallis, H Ricketts, TH Daily, GC Polasky, S TI Modeling the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services SO NATURAL CAPITAL: THEORY & PRACTICE OF MAPPING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL WATER-RESOURCES; RESPONSES; BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPE; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; STREAMFLOW; DYNAMICS; TRENDS; HEAT C1 [Nelson, Erik] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Econ, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Conte, Marc] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Conte, Marc] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ennaanay, Driss] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ennaanay, Driss] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mendoza, Guillermo] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-958900-5; 978-0-19-177463-8; 978-0-19-958899-2 PY 2011 BP 323 EP 338 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588992.001.0001 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC8HB UT WOS:000355681600019 ER PT J AU Turetsky, MR Kane, ES Harden, JW Ottmar, RD Manies, KL Hoy, E Kasischke, ES AF Turetsky, Merritt R. Kane, Evan S. Harden, Jennifer W. Ottmar, Roger D. Manies, Kristen L. Hoy, Elizabeth Kasischke, Eric S. TI Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE; PERMAFROST; EMISSIONS; SEVERITY AB Climate change has increased the area affected by forest fires each year in boreal North America(1,2). Increases in burned area and fire frequency are expected to stimulate boreal carbon losses(3-5). However, the impact of wildfires on carbon emissions is also affected by the severity of burning. How climate change influences the severity of biomass burning has proved difficult to assess. Here, we examined the depth of ground-layer combustion in 178 sites dominated by black spruce in Alaska, using data collected from 31 fire events between 1983 and 2005. We show that the depth of burning increased as the fire season progressed when the annual area burned was small. However, deep burning occurred throughout the fire season when the annual area burned was large. Depth of burning increased late in the fire season in upland forests, but not in peatland and permafrost sites. Simulations of wildfire-induced carbon losses from Alaskan black spruce stands over the past 60 years suggest that ground-layer combustion has accelerated regional carbon losses over the past decade, owing to increases in burn area and late-season burning. As a result, soils in these black spruce stands have become a net source of carbon to the atmosphere, with carbon emissions far exceeding decadal uptake. C1 [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.; Manies, Kristen L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Hoy, Elizabeth; Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Turetsky, MR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. EM mrt@uoguelph.ca RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 FU NASA [NNG04GD25G]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program; US Forest Service [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; US Forest Service, NSF [DEB-0080609]; Joint Fire Science Program [03-1-3-08]; USGS FX We thank L. Ness for remote sensing analyses, A. McAdam for R programming, E. Ellicott, G. Shetler, C. Treat and N. French for laboratory and field assistance and M. Flannigan, B. DeGroot, D. McGuire and S. Liu for helpful comments. This study was supported by NASA (grant NNG04GD25G), the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program and US Forest Service (grant PNW01-JV11261952-231 and NSF DEB-0080609), the Joint Fire Science Program (project 03-1-3-08) and the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral and Earth Surface Dynamics Programs. NR 30 TC 166 Z9 169 U1 4 U2 102 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1038/NGEO1027 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 697FS UT WOS:000285498600013 ER PT J AU Pohlman, JW Bauer, JE Waite, WF Osburn, CL Chapman, NR AF Pohlman, John W. Bauer, James E. Waite, William F. Osburn, Christopher L. Chapman, N. Ross TI Methane hydrate-bearing seeps as a source of aged dissolved organic carbon to the oceans SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CASCADIA MARGIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GAS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; RADIOCARBON; OXIDATION; SEDIMENTS; MATTER AB Marine sediments contain about 500-10,000 Gt of methane carbon(1-3), primarily in gas hydrate. This reservoir is comparable in size to the amount of organic carbon in land biota, terrestrial soils, the atmosphere and sea water combined(1,4), but it releases relatively little methane to the ocean and atmosphere(5). Sedimentary microbes convert most of the dissolved methane to carbon dioxide(6,7). Here we show that a significant additional product associated with microbial methane consumption is methane-derived dissolved organic carbon. We use Delta(14)C and delta(13)C measurements and isotopic mass-balance calculations to evaluate the contribution of methane-derived carbon to seawater dissolved organic carbon overlying gas hydrate-bearing seeps in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. We show that carbon derived from fossil methane accounts for up to 28% of the dissolved organic carbon. This methane-derived material is much older, and more depleted in (13)C, than background dissolved organic carbon. We suggest that fossil methane-derived carbon may contribute significantly to the estimated 4,000-6,000 year age of dissolved organic carbon in the deep ocean(8), and provide reduced organic matter and energy to deep-ocean microbial communities. C1 [Pohlman, John W.; Waite, William F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bauer, James E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Osburn, Christopher L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chapman, N. Ross] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Pohlman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jpohlman@usgs.gov OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109; Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Science Foundation; USGS FX We thank the caption and crew of the CCGV J. P. Tully and ROV ROPOS, E. Kessee, B. Green and L. Lapham for assistance with sample collection and analysis, and the staffs of the University of Arizona and National Ocean Science AMS facilities for radiocarbon analyses. J. Seewald, V.B. Heuer and D.L. Valentine are thanked for constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This research was supported by financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Chemical Oceanography and Integrated Carbon Cycle Research Programs of the National Science Foundation and the USGS Mendenhall Research Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purpose and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1038/NGEO1016 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 697FS UT WOS:000285498600015 ER PT J AU Dorsey, KM Guthrie, HD Welch, GR Mohler, J Theisen, DD Siewerdt, F Vinyard, BT Woods, LC AF Dorsey, Kathryn M. Guthrie, H. David Welch, Glenn R. Mohler, Jerre Theisen, Daniel D. Siewerdt, Frank Vinyard, Bryan T. Woods, L. Curry, III TI Quality Assessment of Wild Atlantic Sturgeon Semen under Conditions of Short-Term Storage SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID HYPOTHERMIC LIQUID STORAGE; VIABILITY ASSESSMENT; SPERMATOZOA; SPERM; CRYOPRESERVATION; MOTILITY; PADDLEFISH; EXPRESSION; CYTOMETRY; METHANOL AB Short-term storage trials were conducted with semen of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus collected from a total of nine wild males during the 2008 and 2009 spawning seasons on the Hudson River. Semen samples were kept refrigerated (4 +/- 1 degrees C) and stored in different gaseous atmospheres and storage extenders. The gaseous environments included oxygen, nitrogen, and air, while the extender treatments included modified Tsvetkova (MT), Park and Chapman (PC), and undiluted. Analyses of four response variables-percent viable sperm (viability), percentmotile sperm (motility), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and ATP content-were determined on the day of arrival in the laboratory and then every other day for 7 d in 2008 and 21 d in 2009. The experiments were conducted in a split-split-plot design to examine dilution treatment, gas atmosphere, and repeated measures across days, and linear analyses of covariance models were fit to the data after appropriate transformation. Storage of sperm in an oxygen atmosphere was superior to storage in a nitrogen atmosphere for all variables. Storage of semen in 100% or 21% (air) oxygen in PC did not lead to differences among variables except for viability; viability was maintained at more than 95% through 13 d, decreasing to 88% and 94% on day 21 in 100% oxygen and air, respectively. During the last 5 d survival in an air atmosphere was better than that in 100% oxygen. Motility decreased during the 21 d of storage and the decline was greater in undiluted than in PC-extended semen, decreasing from 85% on day 1 to approximately 21% and 47%, respectively, on day 21. We conclude that for Atlantic sturgeon semen storage, PC is the extender of choice and semen viability can be maintained for up to 21 d with some expectation of successful fertilization. C1 [Dorsey, Kathryn M.; Theisen, Daniel D.; Siewerdt, Frank; Woods, L. Curry, III] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guthrie, H. David; Welch, Glenn R.; Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, USDA, Anim Biotechnol & Biosci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mohler, Jerre] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Woods, LC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM curry@umd.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 4 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.629945 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OS UT WOS:000296982900006 ER PT J AU Zorn, TG Seelbach, PW Wiley, MJ AF Zorn, Troy G. Seelbach, Paul W. Wiley, Michael J. TI Developing User-Friendly Habitat Suitability Tools from Regional Stream Fish Survey Data SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MICHIGANS LOWER PENINSULA; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; SPECIES COMPOSITION; PATTERNS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; HYPERTHERMIA; TEMPERATURE AB We developed user-friendly fish habitat suitability tools (plots) for fishery managers in Michigan; these tools are based on driving habitat variables and fish population estimates for several hundred stream sites throughout the state. We generated contour plots to show patterns in fish biomass for over 60 common species (and for 120 species grouped at the family level) in relation to axes of catchment area and low-flow yield (90% exceedance flow divided by catchment area) and also in relation to axes of mean and weekly range of July temperatures. The plots showed distinct patterns in fish habitat suitability at each level of biological organization studied and were useful for quantitatively comparing river sites. We demonstrate how these plots can be used to support stream management, and we provide examples pertaining to resource assessment, trout stocking, angling regulations, chemical reclamation of marginal trout streams, indicator species, instream flow protection, and habitat restoration. These straightforward and effective tools are electronically available so that managers can easily access and incorporate them into decision protocols and presentations. C1 [Zorn, Troy G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Seelbach, Paul W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wiley, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zorn, TG (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, 484 Cherry Creek Rd, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM zornt@michigan.gov RI Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act (Michigan) [680, F-81-R]; MDNR-FD; Michigan Professional Employees Society FX Numerous crews from the MDNR, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, University of Michigan, and Michigan State University collected the field data. Many former University of Michigan students contributed data to this study, namely Matthew Baker, John Fay, Dana Infante, Catherine Riseng, and Kevin Wehrly. James Gapczynski (MDNR-IFR) performed initial entry of fisheries data in MRI databases. James Schneider, Philip Schneeberger, and Chris Freiburger provided thoughtful advice and manuscript reviews. We acknowledge Richard Clark (MDNR-IFR) for administrative support, and Ellen Johnston and Alan Sutton (MDNR-IFR) for assistance in preparation of this manuscript. This research was supported with funds from the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act (Study 680, Project F-81-R, Michigan), MDNR-FD, and the Michigan Professional Employees Society. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 AR PII 934648327 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.557965 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RF UT WOS:000288279800005 ER PT J AU Dux, AM Guy, CS Fredenberg, WA AF Dux, Andrew M. Guy, Christopher S. Fredenberg, Wade A. TI Spatiotemporal Distribution and Population Characteristics of a Nonnative Lake Trout Population, with Implications for Suppression SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; THERMAL HABITAT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MYSIS-RELICTA; BEAR LAKE; MICHIGAN; GROWTH; WHITEFISH AB We evaluated the distribution and population characteristics of nonnative lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake McDonald, Glacier National Park, Montana, to provide biological data in support of a potential suppression program. Using ultrasonic telemetry, we identified spatial and temporal distribution patterns by tracking 36 adult lake trout (1,137 relocations). Lake trout rarely occupied depths greater than 30 m and were commonly located in the upper hypolimnion directly below the metalimnion during thermal stratification. After breakdown of the metalimnion in the fall, lake trout primarily aggregated at two spawning sites. Lake trout population characteristics were similar to those of populations within the species' native range. However, lake trout in Lake McDonald exhibited lower total annual mortality (13.2%), later maturity (age 12 for males, age 15 for females), lower body condition, and slower growth than are typically observed in the southern extent of their range. These results will be useful in determining where to target suppression activities (e. g., gillnetting, trap-netting, or electrofishing) and in evaluating responses to suppression efforts. Similar evaluations of lake trout distribution patterns and population characteristics are recommended to increase the likelihood that suppression programs will succeed. C1 [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fredenberg, Wade A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Fish & Wildlife Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Dux, AM (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 2885 W Kathleen Ave, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. EM andy.dux@idfg.idaho.gov FU U.S. National Park Service FX We thank B. Michels, T. McMahon, C. Kruse, J. Tilmant, C. Muhlfeld, and R. Hunt for their assistance and technical advice. J. Giersch, M. Meeuwig, K. Hunter, J. Rasmussen, D. Pewitt, C. Penne, M. Jaeger, P. Gerrity, G. Ludwig, J. Frederick, D. Downing, D. Hickey, and T. Stuth provided field assistance. J. Flesch provided laboratory assistance. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided field equipment and personnel support. This project was funded by the U.S. National Park Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562765 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 761VJ UT WOS:000290428800001 ER PT J AU Dean, JC Temple, AJ AF Dean, Jan C. Temple, Alan J. TI Maximum Output of Peak Power for Two Backpack Electrofishers Operated at Various Pulsed Direct Current Duty Cycles and Water Conductivity Levels SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID REQUIREMENTS AB The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the maximum output of peak power for two backpack electrofishers (Smith-Root Model LR-24; ETS Electrofishing Model ABP-3) at various pulsed DC (PDC) duty cycles and over a wide range of resistance levels and (2) use those results to develop a generalized model for predicting the maximum output of peak power available from backpack electrofishers for various water conductivity levels and duty cycles. The electrofishers were operated to maximum capacity under controlled conditions for water conductivities of 19, 155, and 610 mu S/cm and for PDC duty cycles of 15, 25, and 50%. The results agreed closely with those expected based upon the manufacturer ratings for these backpack electrofishers and provided a graphical and analytical methodology for predicting backpack electrofisher capabilities over a range of water conductivity levels when operated at duty cycles recommended for electrofishing. Both electrofishers produced square wave PDC at low water conductivities. At higher water conductivities, the waveforms for both electrofishing units deviated from square pulses as they approached shutoff loading, but the response varied between electrofishers. C1 [Dean, Jan C.] Natchitoches Natl Fish Hatchery, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA. [Temple, Alan J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Dean, JC (reprint author), Natchitoches Natl Fish Hatchery, 615 South Dr, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA. EM jan_dean@fws.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.591215 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UY UT WOS:000296140700013 ER PT J AU Kitterman, CL Bettoli, PW AF Kitterman, Christy L. Bettoli, Phillip W. TI Survival of Angled Saugers in the Lower Tennessee River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; FLATHEAD CATFISH; RELEASE; BAROTRAUMA; BEHAVIOR; CAUGHT; MORTALITY; FISHERY; SNAPPER AB An intense winter fishery for sauger Sander canadensis exists in the lower Tennessee River, and the objective of this study was to estimate the survival of angled saugers. In February 2008 and January-March 2009, 81 angled saugers (72 live plus 9 euthanized) were affixed with ultrasonic tags. The movements (or lack thereof) by saugers released alive were compared with those of euthanized fish to assess survival. Sixty-eight percent of the tagged saugers that were released alive exhibited maximum daily movements exceeding the greatest movement of any euthanized fish (0.5 km/d), and those fish were subsequently classified as survivors. The upstream movements of several euthanized fish indicated that their carcasses were ingested by piscivorous scavengers. In logistic models, the probability of mortality was significantly and inversely related to total length but not to capture depth, water temperature, handling time, or ascent rate. In 2 x 2 contingency tables, the fate of released saugers was not found to be associated with either the presence or absence of bleeding from the hooking wound or whether or not the fish displayed gastric distension. Most released fish survived despite the fact that gastric distension was observed in 72% of the angled saugers. C1 [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Kitterman, Christy L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Kitterman, CL (reprint author), Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, 201 E 5th St, Mt Home, AR 72653 USA. EM clkitterman@agfc.state.ar.us FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources; Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at Tennessee Technological University FX The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. Funding for this research project was provided by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, the Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources, and the Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at Tennessee Technological University. Special thanks go to the Deb Blackwelder family and Ben Holbert for their many contributions during this field project. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.598395 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UY UT WOS:000296140700018 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Papoulias, DM Annis, ML Tillitt, DE Marr, C Denslow, ND Kroll, KJ Nachtmann, J AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Papoulias, Diana M. Annis, Mandy L. Tillitt, Donald E. Marr, Carrie Denslow, Nancy D. Kroll, Kevin J. Nachtmann, Jason TI Characterization of Plasma Vitellogenin and Sex Hormone Concentrations during the Annual Reproductive Cycle of the Endangered Razorback Sucker SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; KRAFT PULP-MILL; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; WHITE SUCKER; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; STRIPED BASS; LAKE MOHAVE; STEROID CONCENTRATIONS; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; MORONE-SAXATILIS AB Population declines of the endangered razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus in the Colorado River basin have been attributed to predation by and competition with nonnative fishes, habitat alteration, and dam construction. The reproductive health and seasonal variation of the reproductive end points of razorback sucker populations are currently unknown. Using nonlethal methods, we characterized the plasma hormonal fluctuations of reproductively mature female and male razorback suckers over a 12-month period in a hatchery by measuring their vitellogenin (VTG) and three sex hormones: 17 beta-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and 11-ketotestosterone (KT). Fish were identified as reproductive or nonreproductive based on their body weight, VTG, and sex hormone profiles. In reproductive females, the E2 concentration increased in the fall and winter, and increases in T and VTG concentrations were generally associated with the spawning period. Mean T concentrations were consistently greater in reproductive females than in nonreproductive females, but this pattern was even more pronounced during the spawning period (spring). Consistently low T concentrations (< 3 ng/mL) in adult females during the spawning period may indicate reproductive impairment. In reproductive males, spring increases in KT and T concentrations were associated with spawning; concentrations of E2 (< 0.48 ng/mL) and VTG (< 0.001 mg/mL) were low in males throughout the study. In addition, the E2 : KT ratio and T were the best metrics by which to distinguish female from male adult razorback suckers throughout the year. These metrics of reproductive health and condition may be particularly important to recovery efforts of razorback suckers given that the few remaining wild populations are located in a river where water quality and quantity issues are well documented. In addition to the size, age, and recruitment information currently considered in the recovery goals of this endangered species, reproductive end points could be included as recovery metrics with which to monitor seasonal trends and determine whether repatriated populations are cycling naturally. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Papoulias, Diana M.; Annis, Mandy L.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Marr, Carrie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv, Field Off, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.; Kroll, Kevin J.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nachtmann, Jason] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the Division of Environmental Quality FX The findings and conclusions in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program in the Division of Environmental Quality. We thank T. Lewis, M. Bell, W. Knight, R. Martin, and M. Shoemaker from Dexter for helping with the daily maintenance and monthly sampling of the razorback suckers. V. Velez contributed to the sex hormone analysis, and M. Ellersieck provided statistical assistance. We also thank J. Calhoun, L. Fitzpatrick, P. Marsh, C. Schmitt, C. Sykes, B. Sharma, and W. Wilson for reviewing earlier versions of this document. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 765 EP 781 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.591231 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500001 ER PT J AU Gresswell, RE AF Gresswell, Robert E. TI Biology, Status, and Management of the Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-BOUVIERI; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMO-CLARKI; GRIZZLY BEARS; SNAKE RIVER; HABITAT USE; NATIONAL-PARK AB Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri were historically distributed in the Yellowstone River drainage (Montana and Wyoming) and the Snake River drainage (Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and probably Washington). Individual populations evolved distinct life history characteristics in response to the diverse environments in which they were isolated after the last glaciation. Anthropogenic activities have resulted in a substantial decline (42% of the historical range is currently occupied; 28% is occupied by core [genetically unaltered] populations), but the number of extant populations, especially in headwater streams, has precluded listing of this taxon under the Endangered Species Act. Primary threats to persistence of Yellowstone cutthroat trout include (1) invasive species, resulting in hybridization, predation, disease, and interspecific competition; (2) habitat degradation from human activities such as agricultural practices, water diversions, grazing, dam construction, mineral extraction, grazing, timber harvest, and road construction; and (3) climate change, including an escalating risk of drought, wildfire, winter flooding, and rising temperatures. Extirpation of individual populations or assemblages has led to increasing isolation and fragmentation of remaining groups, which in turn raises susceptibility to the demographic influences of disturbance (both human and stochastic) and genetic factors. Primary conservation strategies include (1) preventing risks associated with invasive species by isolating populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and (2) connecting occupied habitats (where possible) to preserve metapopulation function and the expression of multiple life histories. Because persistence of isolated populations may be greater in the short term, current management is focused on isolating individual populations and restoring habitats; however, this approach implies that humans will act as dispersal agents if a population is extirpated because of stochastic events. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Gresswell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM bgresswell@usgs.gov NR 239 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 13 U2 54 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 782 EP 812 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.608980 PG 31 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500002 ER PT J AU Vandergoot, CS Kocovsky, PM Brenden, TO Liu, WH AF Vandergoot, Christopher S. Kocovsky, Patrick M. Brenden, Travis O. Liu, Weihai TI Selectivity Evaluation for Two Experimental Gill-Net Configurations Used to Sample Lake Erie Walleyes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; STOCK ASSESSMENT; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; MODELS; CATCH; CATCHABILITY; CURVES; FISH; HOOK; GEAR AB We used length frequencies of captured walleyes Sander vitreus to indirectly estimate and compare selectivity between two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample fish in Lake Erie: (1) a multifilament configuration currently used by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) with stretched-measure mesh sizes ranging from 51 to 127 mm and a constant filament diameter (0.37 mm); and (2) a monofilament configuration with mesh sizes ranging from 38 to 178 mm and varying filament diameter (range = 0.20-0.33 mm). Paired sampling with the two configurations revealed that the catch of walleyes smaller than 250 mm and larger than 600 mm was greater in the monofilament configuration than in the multifilament configuration, but the catch of 250-600-mm fish was greater in the multifilament configuration. Binormal selectivity functions yielded the best fit to observed walleye catches for both gill-net configurations based on model deviances. Incorporation of deviation terms in the binormal selectivity functions (i.e., to relax the assumption of geometric similarity) further improved the fit to observed catches. The final fitted selectivity functions produced results similar to those from the length-based catch comparisons: the monofilament configuration had greater selectivity for small and large walleyes and the multifilament configuration had greater selectivity for mid-sized walleyes. Computer simulations that incorporated the fitted binormal selectivity functions indicated that both nets were likely to result in some bias in age composition estimates and that the degree of bias would ultimately be determined by the underlying condition, mortality rate, and growth rate of the Lake Erie walleye population. Before the ODNR switches its survey gear, additional comparisons of the different gill-net configurations, such as fishing the net pairs across a greater range of depths and at more locations in the lake, should be conducted to maintain congruence in the fishery-independent survey time series. C1 [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Kocovsky, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr Sandusky, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Brenden, Travis O.; Liu, Weihai] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Vandergoot, CS (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM christopher.vandergoot@dnr.state.oh.us FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-69-P] FX We thank T. Cherry, D. Hall, and J. Baughman for vessel support. Additionally, we thank M. Porta, W. Edwards, M. Bur, M. Stapanian, J. McFee, E. Weimer, T. Hartman, M. Turner, and J. Tyson for sampling assistance. This research was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-69-P. This article is Contribution 1643 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and is manuscript 2011-07 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 832 EP 842 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.623758 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500005 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK Ellersieck, MR AF Brewer, Shannon K. Ellersieck, Mark R. TI Evaluating Two Observational Sampling Techniques for Determining the Distribution and Detection Probability of Age-0 Smallmouth Bass in Clear, Warmwater Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID JUVENILE RED DRUM; MICROHABITAT USE; OZARK STREAM; HABITAT USE; DWELLING SALMONIDS; FISH ABUNDANCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; RIVER; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Accurate determination of the distribution and abundance of age-0 sport fish, such as smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, is an important aspect of successful species management (e. g., characterizing nursery habitats for protection or enhancement; identifying reproductive dynamics and influences of environmental variables). Two observational techniques-snorkeling and above-water (AW) observation-were evaluated in several Missouri Ozark streams to determine (1) accuracy of identifying age-0 smallmouth bass with each technique, (2) detection probabilities under a variety of channel unit (CU) conditions (i.e., discrete morphological features such as riffles or pools) and the relations between detection probability and hydraulic variables, and (3) behavioral responses (fright response, return response, or no response) of fish to the observers using each technique. Identification of age-0 smallmouth bass was over 90% accurate when using AW observation in shallow water and when snorkeling in deep water. In both streams, detection probabilities differed depending on the CU sampled and the method used. In deep pools, detection probabilities when snorkeling were two to three times those obtained from AW observation; however, AW observation was more efficient for sampling most shallow-water (< 0.5-m) CUs. Velocity had no significant relation to detection probability, whereas depth was significantly related to detection probability for both sampling methods (the relationship was positive for snorkeling and negative for AW observation). The percentage of age-0 smallmouth bass that exhibited a fright response was greatest for fish observed by snorkeling in shallow-water CUs. On average, approximately 20% of fish showed a fright response, but a large proportion of these fish exhibited a return response. Our results indicate that multiple sampling methods may be necessary to achieve high accuracy when sampling small fish in a variety of CUs, and snorkeling and AW observation may be viable methods for selecting CUs in many warmwater streams. Additional work is recommended to address knowledge gaps, especially those related to the influence of biotic and abiotic variables that were not measured in this study. C1 [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 894 EP 904 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.611067 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500010 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Rutherford, ES Blouin, MA Sederberg, BJ Elliott, JR AF Madenjian, Charles P. Rutherford, Edward S. Blouin, Marc A. Sederberg, Bryan J. Elliott, Jeff R. TI Spawning Habitat Unsuitability: An Impediment to Cisco Rehabilitation in Lake Michigan? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LOWER FOX RIVER; FISH COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB; SUPERIOR; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS AB The cisco Coregonus artedi was one of the most important native prey fishes in Lake Michigan and in the other four Laurentian Great Lakes. Most of the cisco spawning in Lake Michigan was believed to have occurred in Green Bay. The cisco population in Lake Michigan collapsed during the 1950s, and the collapse was attributed in part to habitat degradation within Green Bay. Winter water quality surveys of lower Green Bay during the 1950s and 1960s indicated that the bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was less than 2 mg/L throughout much of the lower bay, and most cisco eggs would not successfully hatch at such low DO concentrations. To determine present-day spawning habitat suitability in lower Green Bay, we compared cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay with survival at a reference site (St. Marys River, Michigan-Ontario) during 2009. We also conducted winter water quality surveys in lower Green Bay and the St. Marys River during 2009 and 2010. Cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay averaged 65.3%, which was remarkably similar to and not significantly different from the mean at the St. Marys River site (64.0%). Moreover, the lowest bottom DO concentrations recorded during the winter surveys were 11.2 mg/L in lower Green Bay and 12.7 mg/L in the St. Marys River. These relatively high DO concentrations would not be expected to have any negative effect on cisco egg survival. We conclude that winter water quality conditions in lower Green Bay were suitable for successful hatching of cisco eggs and that water quality during the egg incubation period did not represent an impediment to cisco rehabilitation in Lake Michigan. Our approach to determining spawning habitat suitability for coregonids would be applicable to other aquatic systems. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Blouin, Marc A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Sederberg, Bryan J.] Enbridge Energy, Marshall, MI 49068 USA. [Elliott, Jeff R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority biologists and MDNR biologists who captured adult ciscoes from the St. Marys River. We are also grateful to Martha Wolgamood (Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery) for advice and assistance; Matt Hughes and Scott Zajac (Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery) for hatchery assistance; Peter Boma for piloting the airboat and assisting in the field; Jeff Allen and Glen Black for scuba diving efforts during egg retrieval; Jon Molenhouse, Brandon Spude, Michael Fainter, and David Sena for dedicated efforts in the winter water quality survey work; Geoffrey Steinhart and his graduate students at Lake Superior State University for winter water quality survey work at the St. Marys River site; and Christine Joseph, Minako Kimura Edgar, and Lacey Mason for GIS assistance. We appreciate the storage space and logistical support provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green Bay Fishery Resources Office (New Franken, Wisconsin). Harold Mohr kindly provided winter access to the St. Marys River site. Doran Mason and Craig Stow reviewed the draft manuscript and made helpful suggestions for its improvement. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded by a Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act grant (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) to E. S. R and C. P. M. This article is Contribution Number 1656 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center and is Contribution Number 1595 of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.632065 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500011 ER PT J AU Vandergoot, CS Murchie, KJ Cooke, SJ Dettmers, JM Bergstedt, RA Fielder, DG AF Vandergoot, Christopher S. Murchie, Karen J. Cooke, Steven J. Dettmers, John M. Bergstedt, Roger A. Fielder, David G. TI Evaluation of Two Forms of Electroanesthesia and Carbon Dioxide for Short-Term Anesthesia in Walleye SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; CHEMICAL ANESTHESIA; IMMOBILIZE JUVENILE; NARCOTIZING ABILITY; ELECTRIC CURRENTS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ELECTRONARCOSIS; FISH; LAKE AB Anesthetics immobilize fish, reducing physical damage and stress during aquaculture practices, stock assessment, and experimental procedures. Currently, only tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is approved for use as an anesthetic for food fish in Canada and the United States; however, MS-222 can only be used with certain fish species, and treated fish must be held for a specified period of time before release into the wild. Two forms of electroanesthesia and carbon dioxide (CO2) were evaluated as anesthetics for adult walleye Sander vitreus to determine their suitability for use before intracoelomic implantation of telemetry transmitters. Walleyes were subjected to one of three treatment groups: constant direct current (CDC), pulsed direct current (PDC), and CO2. Fish subjected to these treatments were monitored for induction (where appropriate) and recovery time and whether these forms of anesthesia were conducive to implanting telemetry transmitters, that is, whether they fit a surgery threshold range of 250-350 s. Additionally, all fish were monitored for posttrial survival, and radiographs were taken to determine whether any vertebral damage was associated with the electroanesthesia treatments. Although all anesthetic treatments successfully immobilized fish for enough time to implant a transmitter, PDC electroanesthesia is recommended because of its immediate induction time, quick recovery, high immediate and short-term survival, and lack of evidence of vertebral abnormalities. C1 [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fish Res Unit, Div Wildlife, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Murchie, Karen J.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bergstedt, Roger A.] US Geol Soc, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Vandergoot, CS (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fish Res Unit, Div Wildlife, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM christopher.vandergoot@dnr.state.oh.us RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-69-P]; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Great Lakes Research Initiative FX The authors are grateful to T. Hartman, E. Weimer, M. Turner, J. Tyson, and J. Ross at the Sandusky Fisheries Research Station, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, for their assistance collecting fish and conducting the anesthesia trials. We are also thankful for the assistance of C. Goings, of the Inland Fisheries Research Unit, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, for fabricating the electronarcosis unit as well assisting with preliminary trials and for D. Liebig for viewing the videotape footage and recording the induction and recovery times. T. Brenden at the Quantitative Fisheries Center, Michigan State University, provided statistical consultation. We are also grateful to M. Faisal for coordinating the radiographs through the College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University and to N. Nelson and J. Brown for reading and scoring the radiographs. This research was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-69-P, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and the Great Lakes Research Initiative. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 914 EP 922 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.629717 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 857UB UT WOS:000297745700001 ER PT J AU Barber, JJ Gerow, KG Connolly, PJ Singh, S AF Barber, Jarrett J. Gerow, Kenneth G. Connolly, Patrick J. Singh, Sarabdeep TI Estimating the Hatchery Fraction of a Natural Population: A Bayesian Approach SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ESTIMATING FISHING MORTALITY; MARK-SELECTIVE FISHERIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WINTER STEELHEAD; PIPELINE MODEL; YAKIMA RIVER AB There is strong and growing interest in estimating the proportion of hatchery fish that are in a natural population (the hatchery fraction). In a sample of fish from the relevant population, some are observed to be marked, indicating their origin as hatchery fish. The observed proportion of marked fish is usually less than the actual hatchery fraction, since the observed proportion is determined by the proportion originally marked, differential survival (usually lower) of marked fish relative to unmarked hatchery fish, and rates of mark retention and detection. Bayesian methods can work well in a setting such as this, in which empirical data are limited but for which there may be considerable expert judgment regarding these values. We explored a Bayesian estimation of the hatchery fraction using Monte Carlo-Markov chain methods. Based on our findings, we created an interactive Excel tool to implement the algorithm, which we have made available for free. C1 [Gerow, Kenneth G.; Singh, Sarabdeep] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Barber, Jarrett J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Gerow, KG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, 337 Ross Hall, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gerow@uwyo.edu RI Singh, Sarabdeep/D-7881-2017 NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 934 EP 942 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.633687 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 857UB UT WOS:000297745700003 ER PT J AU Brenden, TO Bence, JR Lantry, BF Lantry, JR Schaner, T AF Brenden, Travis O. Bence, James R. Lantry, Brian F. Lantry, Jana R. Schaner, Ted TI Population Dynamics of Lake Ontario Lake Trout during 1985-2007 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; PREDATION MORTALITY; AGE ANALYSIS; ROUND GOBY; CATCH; FRY; RESTORATION; PERFORMANCE AB Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were extirpated from Lake Ontario circa 1950 owing to commercial and recreational fishing, predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus, and habitat degradation. Since the 1970s, substantial efforts have been devoted to reestablishing a self-sustaining population through stocking, sea lamprey control, and harvest reduction. Although a stocking-supported population has been established, only limited natural reproduction has been detected. Since the 1990s, surveys have indicated a continuing decline in overall abundance despite fairly static stocking levels. We constructed a statistical catch-at-age model to describe the dynamics of Lake Ontario lake trout from 1985 to 2007 and explore what factor(s) could be causing the declines in abundance. Model estimates indicated that abundance had declined by approximately 76% since 1985. The factor that appeared most responsible for this was an increase in age-1 natural mortality rates from approximately 0.9 to 2.5 between 1985 and 2002. The largest source of mortality for age-2 and older fish was sea lamprey predation, followed by natural and recreational fishing mortality. Exploitation was low, harvest levels being uncertain and categorized by length rather than age. Accurate predictions of fishery harvest and survey catch per unit effort were obtained despite low harvest levels by using atypical data (e. g., numbers stocked as an absolute measure of recruitment) and a flexible modeling approach. Flexible approaches such as this might allow similar assessments for a wide range of lightly exploited stocks. The mechanisms responsible for declining age-1 lake trout survival are unknown, but the declines were coincident with an increase in the proportion of stocked fish that were of the Seneca strain and a decrease in the overall stocking rate. It is possible that earlier studies suggesting that Seneca strain lake trout would be successful in Lake Ontario are no longer applicable given the large ecosystem changes that have occurred subsequent to invasion by dreissenid mussels. C1 [Brenden, Travis O.; Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lantry, Brian F.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Lantry, Jana R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. [Schaner, Ted] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Brenden, TO (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, 153 Giltner Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM brenden@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for providing funding that allowed this work to be conducted. We additionally thank the many biologists and technicians, both past and present, who have participated in the assessment and management of the Lake Ontario lake trout stock, and J. Markham, J. McKenna, Jr., S. Sitar, and one anonymous reviewer for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. This article is contribution 1657 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and 2011-08 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 962 EP 979 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.635241 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 857UB UT WOS:000297745700006 ER PT J AU Moustahfid, H Potemra, J Goldstein, P Mendelssohn, R DesRochers, A AF Moustahfid, Hassan Potemra, Jim Goldstein, Philip Mendelssohn, Roy DesRochers, Annette GP IEEE TI Making United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (US IOOS) Inclusive of Marine Biological Resources SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE component; Biological observations; Observing Systems; Bioinformatics AB An important Data Management and Communication (DMAC) goal is to enable a multi-disciplinary view of the ocean environment by facilitating discovery and integration of data from various sources, projects and scientific domains. United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S. IOOS) DMAC functional requirements are based upon guidelines for standardized data access services, data formats, metadata, controlled vocabularies, and other conventions. So far, the data integration effort has focused on geophysical U.S. IOOS core variables such as temperature, salinity, ocean currents, etc. The IOOS Biological Observations Project is addressing the DMAC requirements that pertain to biological observations standards and interoperability applicable to U. S. IOOS and to various observing systems. Biological observations are highly heterogeneous and the variety of formats, logical structures, and sampling methods create significant challenges. Here we describe an informatics framework for biological observing data (e. g. species presence/absence and abundance data) that will expand information content and reconcile standards for the representation and integration of these biological observations for users to maximize the value of these observing data. We further propose that the approach described can be applied to other datasets generated in scientific observing surveys and will provide a vehicle for wider dissemination of biological observing data. We propose to employ data definition conventions that are well understood in U.S. IOOS and to combine these with ratified terminologies, policies and guidelines. C1 [Moustahfid, Hassan] NOAA US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. [Potemra, Jim] Univ Hawaii, Pacif Isl Ocean Observing Syst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Goldstein, Philip] USGS, Ocean Biogeograph Informat Syst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA, S W Fisherise Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 95060 USA. [DesRochers, Annette] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Moustahfid, H (reprint author), NOAA US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM hassan.moustahfid@noaa.gov FU U.S. IOOS FX This workshop was supported by U.S. IOOS. We thank the IOOS BDP team who all contributed to the success of this work. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800031 ER PT J AU Lewan, MD Roy, S AF Lewan, Michael D. Roy, Stephanie TI Role of water in hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen in Mahogany oil shale of the Green River Formation SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL MATURATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; NATURAL-GAS; UINTA BASIN; PETROLEUM; METAMORPHISM; FLUID; KINETICS; GRANITE AB Hydrous and anhydrous closed-system pyrolysis experiments were conducted on a sample of Mahogany oil shale (Eocene Green River Formation) containing Type-I kerogen to determine whether the role of water had the same effect on petroleum generation as reported for Type-II kerogen in the Woodford Shale. The experiments were conducted at 330 and 350 degrees C for 72 h to determine the effects of water during kerogen decomposition to polar-rich bitumen and subsequent bitumen decomposition to hydrocarbon-rich oil. The results showed that the role of water was more significant in bitumen decomposition to oil at 350 degrees C than in kerogen decomposition to bitumen at 330 degrees C. At 350 degrees C, the hydrous experiment generated 29% more total hydrocarbon product and 33% more C15+ hydrocarbons than the anhydrous experiment. This is attributed to water dissolved in the bitumen serving as a source of hydrogen to enhance thermal cracking and facilitate the expulsion of immiscible oil. In the absence of water, cross linking is enhanced in the confines of the rock, resulting in formation of pyrobitumen and molecular hydrogen. These differences are also reflected in the color and texture of the recovered rock. Despite confining liquid-water pressure being 7-9 times greater in the hydrous experiments than the confining vapor pressure in the anhydrous experiments, recovered rock from the former had a lighter color and expansion fractures parallel to the bedding fabric of the rock. The absence of these open tensile fractures in the recovered rock from the anhydrous experiments indicates that water promotes net-volume increase reactions like thermal cracking over net-volume decrease reactions like cross linking, which results in pyrobitumen. The results indicate the role of water in hydrocarbon and petroleum formation from Type-I kerogen is significant, as reported for Type-II kerogen. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Roy, Stephanie] IFP Energies Nouvelles, Geochem Dept, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. RP Lewan, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlewan@usgs.gov RI 3G, Direction Geologie/C-1699-2013; IFPEN, Publications/A-8028-2008 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.10.004 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 716TH UT WOS:000286995900004 ER PT J AU May, SR Woodburne, MO Lindsay, EH Albright, LB Sarna-Wojcicki, A Wan, E Wahl, DB AF May, Steven R. Woodburne, Michael O. Lindsay, Everett H. Albright, L. Barry Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei Wan, Elmira Wahl, David B. TI Geology and mammalian paleontology of the Horned Toad Hills, Mojave Desert, California, USA SO PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA LA English DT Article DE stratigraphy; magnetostratigraphy; tephrochronology; biostratigraphy; Garlock fault; Hemphillian; new genus; new species ID MAGNETIC POLARITY STRATIGRAPHY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; GARLOCK FAULT; SIERRA-NEVADA; MIOCENE DEVELOPMENT; TECTONIC ROTATIONS; CLOCKWISE ROTATION; CADY MOUNTAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; LOCAL FAUNA AB The Horned Toad Formation includes five lithostratigraphic members that record alluvial fan, fluvial, lake margin, and lacustrine deposition within a relatively small basin just south of the active Garlock fault during the late Miocene to early Pliocene. These sediments experienced northwest-southeast contractional deformation during the Pliocene-Pleistocene associated with basement-involved reverse faults. Member Two of the Horned Toad Formation has yielded 24 taxa of fossil mammals, referred to as the Warren Local Fauna, including Cryptotis sp., cf. Scapanus, Hypolagus vetus, Hypolagus edensis, ? Spermophilus sp., Prothomomys warrenensis n. gen., n. sp., Perognathus sp., Repomys gustelyi, Postcopemys valensis, Peromyscus sp. A, Peromyscus sp. B, Jacobsomys dailyi n. sp., Borophagus cf. B. secundus, cf. Agriotherium, Machairodus sp. cf. M. coloradensis, Rhynchotherium sp. cf. R. edensis, Pliomastodon vexillarius, Dinohippus edensis, Teleoceras sp. cf. T. fossiger, cf. Prosthennops, Megatylopus sp. cf. M. matthewi, Hemiauchenia vera, Camelidae gen. et. sp. indet., and the antilocaprid cf. Sphenophalos. The majority of fossil localities are confined to a 20 m thick stratigraphic interval within a reversed polarity magnetozone. The fauna demonstrates affinity with other late Hemphillian faunas from California, Nevada, Nebraska, Texas, and Mexico. The Lawlor Tuff, dated elsewhere in California at 4.83 +/- 0.04 Ma and geochemically identified in the Horned Toad Formation, overlies most of the fossil mammal localities. Magnetic polarity data are correlated with Chrons 3n. 3r, 3n. 3n, and 3n. 2r, suggesting an age of approximately 5.0 - 4.6 Ma. These constraints indicate an age for the late Hemphillian Warren Local Fauna of 4.85 - 5.0 Ma. C1 [May, Steven R.] ExxonMobil Upstream Res, Houston, TX 77252 USA. [Woodburne, Michael O.] Museum No Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lindsay, Everett H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Albright, L. Barry] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei; Wan, Elmira; Wahl, David B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP May, SR (reprint author), ExxonMobil Upstream Res, POB 2189, Houston, TX 77252 USA. EM steve.may@exxonmobil.com; mikew@npgcable.com; ehlind@cox.net; lalbrigh@unf.edu; asarna@usgs.gov; ewan@usgs.gov; dwahl@usgs.gov NR 159 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU COQUINA PRESS PI AMHERST PA C/O WHITEY HAGADORN, EXECUTIVE EDITOR, AMHERST COLLEGE, DEPT GEOLOGY, AMHERST, MA 01002 USA SN 1935-3952 EI 1094-8074 J9 PALAEONTOL ELECTRON JI Palaeontol. electron. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 AR 28A PG 63 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 889GC UT WOS:000300060600003 ER PT S AU Reed, SC Townsend, AR Taylor, PG Cleveland, CC AF Reed, Sasha C. Townsend, Alan R. Taylor, Philip G. Cleveland, Cory C. BE Bunemann, EK Oberson, A Frossard, E TI Phosphorus Cycling in Tropical Forests Growing on Highly Weathered Soils SO PHOSPHORUS IN ACTION: BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SOIL PHOSPHORUS CYCLING SE Soil Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; BRAZILIAN AMAZON BASIN; MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.; Taylor, Philip G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.; Taylor, Philip G.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 178 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1613-3382 BN 978-3-642-15270-2 J9 SOIL BIOL JI Soil Biol. PY 2011 VL 26 BP 339 EP 369 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9 PG 31 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BSL41 UT WOS:000284856400014 ER PT S AU Belnap, J AF Belnap, Jayne BE Bunemann, EK Oberson, A Frossard, E TI Biological Phosphorus Cycling in Dryland Regions SO PHOSPHORUS IN ACTION: BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SOIL PHOSPHORUS CYCLING SE Soil Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRASS BROMUS-TECTORUM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL ENZYME-ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LONG-TERM; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; MOJAVE DESERT C1 US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 183 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1613-3382 BN 978-3-642-15270-2 J9 SOIL BIOL JI Soil Biol. PY 2011 VL 26 BP 371 EP 406 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9 PG 36 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BSL41 UT WOS:000284856400015 ER PT J AU Anacker, B Rajakaruna, N Ackerly, D Harrison, S Keeley, J Vasey, M AF Anacker, Brian Rajakaruna, Nishanta Ackerly, David Harrison, Susan Keeley, Jon Vasey, Michael TI Ecological strategies in California chaparral: interacting effects of soils, climate, and fire on specific leaf area SO PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY LA English DT Article ID PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; WOODY-PLANTS; GROWTH-RATE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; PERSISTENCE TRAITS; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS AB Background: High values of specific leaf area (SLA) are generally associated with high maximal growth rates in resource-rich conditions, such as mesic climates and fertile soils. However, fire may complicate this relationship since its frequency varies with both climate and soil fertility, and fire frequency selects for regeneration strategies (resprouting versus seeding) that are not independent of resource-acquisition strategies. Shared ancestry is also expected to affect the distribution of resource-use and regeneration traits. Aims: We examined climate, soil, and fire as drivers of community-level variation in a key functional trait, SLA, in chaparral in California. Methods: We quantified the phylogenetic, functional, and environmental non-independence of key traits for 87 species in 115 plots. Results: Among species, SLA was higher in resprouters than seeders, although not after phylogeny correction. Among communities, mean SLA was lower in harsh interior climates, but in these climates it was higher on more fertile soils and on more recently burned sites; in mesic coastal climates, mean SLA was uniformly high despite variation in soil fertility and fire history. Conclusions: We conclude that because important correlations exist among both species traits and environmental filters, interpreting the functional and phylogenetic structure of communities may require an understanding of complex interactive effects. C1 [Anacker, Brian; Harrison, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rajakaruna, Nishanta] Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME USA. [Ackerly, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keeley, Jon] US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, MI USA. [Vasey, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Anacker, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM blanacker@ucdavis.edu RI Ackerly, David/A-1247-2009; OI Ackerly, David/0000-0002-1847-7398; Rajakaruna, Nishanta/0000-0002-9021-6918 NR 81 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 78 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-0874 J9 PLANT ECOL DIVERS JI Plant Ecol. Divers. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1080/17550874.2011.633573 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 886YH UT WOS:000299890600006 ER PT B AU Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Dugger, KM Glenn, EM Franklin, AB White, GC Schwarz, CJ Burnham, KP Anderson, DR Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lint, JB Davis, RJ Ackers, SH Andrews, LS Biswell, BL Carlson, PC Diller, LV Gremel, SA Herter, DR Higley, JM Horn, RB Reid, JA Rockweit, J Schaberl, JP Snetsinger, TJ Sovern, SG AF Forsman, Eric D. Anthony, Robert G. Dugger, Katie M. Glenn, Elizabeth M. Franklin, Alan B. White, Gary C. Schwarz, Carl J. Burnham, Kenneth P. Anderson, David R. Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Lint, Joseph B. Davis, Raymond J. Ackers, Steven H. Andrews, Lawrence S. Biswell, Brian L. Carlson, Peter C. Diller, Lowell V. Gremel, Scott A. Herter, Dale R. Higley, J. Mark Horn, Robert B. Reid, Janice A. Rockweit, Jeremy Schaberl, James P. Snetsinger, Thomas J. Sovern, Stan G. BA Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Dugger, KM Glenn, EM Franklin, AB White, GC Schwarz, CJ Burnham, KP Anderson, DR Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lint, JB Davis, RJ Ackers, SH Andrews, LS Biswell, BL Carlson, PC Diller, LV Gremel, SA Herter, DR Higley, JM Horn, RB Reid, JA Rockweit, J Schaberl, JP Snetsinger, TJ Sovern, SG BF Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Dugger, KM Glenn, EM Franklin, AB White, GC Schwarz, CJ Burnham, KP Anderson, DR Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lint, JB Davis, RJ Ackers, SH Andrews, LS Biswell, BL Carlson, PC Diller, LV Gremel, SA Herter, DR Higley, JM Horn, RB Reid, JA Rockweit, J Schaberl, JP Snetsinger, TJ Sovern, SG TI Population Demography of Northern Spotted Owls SO POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Barred Owl; fecundity; Northern Spotted Owl; Northwest Forest Plan; population change; recruitment; Strix occidentalis caurina; Strix varia; survival ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; NEST-SITE SELECTION; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BARRED OWLS; HABITAT SELECTION; WESTERN OREGON AB We used data from 11 long-term studies to assess temporal and spatial patterns in fecundity, apparent survival, recruitment, and annual finite rate of population change of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) from 1985 to 2008. Our objectives were to evaluate the status and trends of the subspecies throughout its range and to investigate associations between population parameters and covariates that might be influencing any observed trends. We examined associations between population parameters and temporal, spatial, and ecological covariates by developing a set of a priori hypotheses and models for each analysis. We used information-theoretic methods and QAIC(c) model selection to choose the best model(s) and rank the rest. Variables included in models were gender, age, and effects of time. Covariates included in some analyses were reproductive success, presence of Barred Owls (Strix varia), percent cover of suitable owl habitat, several weather and climate variables including seasonal and annual variation in precipitation and temperature, and three long-term climate indices. Estimates of fecundity, apparent survival, recruitment, and annual rate of population change were computed from the best models or with model averaging for each study area. The average number of years of reproductive data from each study area was 19 (range = 17 to 24), and the average number of captures/resightings per study area was 2,219 (range = 583 to 3,777), excluding multiple resightings of the same individuals in the same year. The total sample of 5,224 marked owls included 796 1-yr-old subadults, 903 2-yr-old subadults, and 3,545 adults (>= 3 yrs old). The total number of annual captures/recaptures/resightings was 24,408, and the total number of cases in which we determined the number of young produced was 11,450. Age had an important effect on fecundity, with adult females generally having higher fecundity than 1- or 2-yr-old females. Nine of the 11 study areas had an even-odd year effect on fecundity in the best model or a competitive model, with higher fecundity in even years. Based on the best model that included a time trend in fecundity, we concluded that fecundity was declining on five areas, stable on three areas, and increasing on three areas. Evidence for an effect of Barred Owl presence on fecundity on individual study areas was somewhat mixed. The Barred Owl covariate was included in the best model or a competitive model for five study areas, but the relationship was negative for four areas and positive for one area. At the other six study areas, the association between fecundity and the proportion of Spotted Owl territories in which Barred Owls were detected was weak or absent. The percent cover of suitable owl habitat was in the top fecundity model for all study areas in Oregon, and in competitive models for two of the three study areas in Washington. In Oregon, all 95% confidence intervals on beta coefficients for the habitat covariate excluded zero, and on four of the five areas the relationship between the percent cover of suitable owl habitat and fecundity was positive, as predicted. However, contrary to our predictions, fecundity on one of the Oregon study areas (KLA) declined with increases in suitable habitat. On all three study areas in Washington, the beta estimates for the effects of habitat on fecundity had 95% confidence intervals that broadly overlapped zero, suggesting there was less evidence of a habitat effect on fecundity on those study areas. Habitat effects were not included in models for study areas in California, because we did not have a comparable habitat map for those areas. Weather covariates explained some of the variability in fecundity for five study areas, but the best weather covariate and the direction of the effect varied among areas. For example, there was evidence that fecundity was negatively associated with low temperatures and high amounts of precipitation during the early nesting season on three study areas but not on the other eight study areas. The meta-analysis of fecundity for all study areas (no habitat covariates included) suggested that fecundity varied by time and was parallel across ecoregions or latitudinal gradients, with some weak evidence for a negative Barred Owl (BO) effect. However, the 95% confidence interval for the beta coefficient for the BO effect overlapped zero ((beta) over cap = -0.12, SE = 0.11, 95% CI = -0.31 to 0.07). The best models from the meta-analysis of fecundity for Washington and Oregon (habitat covariates included) included the effects of ecoregion and annual time plus weak effects of habitat and Barred Owls. However, the 95% confidence intervals for beta coefficients for the effects of Barred Owls and habitat overlapped zero ((beta) over cap (BO) = -0.104, 95% CI = -0.369 to 0.151; (beta) over cap (HAB1) = -0.469, 95% CI = -1.363 to 0.426). In both meta-analyses of fecundity, linear trends (T) in fecundity were not supported, nor were effects of land ownership, weather, or climate covariates. Average fecundity over all years was similar among ecoregions except for the Washington-Mixed-Conifer ecoregion, where mean fecundity was 1.7 to 2.0 times higher than in the other ecoregions. In the analysis of apparent survival on individual study areas, recapture probabilities typically ranged from 0.70 to 0.90. Survival differed among age groups, with subadults, especially 1-yr-olds, having lower apparent survival than adults. There was strong support for declining adult survival on 10 of 11 study areas, and declines were most evident in Washington and northwest Oregon. There was also evidence that apparent survival was negatively associated with the presence of Barred Owls on six of the study areas. In the analyses of individual study areas, we found little evidence for differences in apparent survival between males and females, or for negative effects of reproduction on survival in the following year. In the meta-analysis of apparent survival, the best model was a random effects model in which survival varied among study areas (g) and years (t), and recapture rates varied among study areas, sexes (s), and years. This model also included the random effects of study area and reproduction (R). The effect of reproduction was negative ((beta) over cap = -0.024), with a 95% confidence interval that barely overlapped zero (-0.049 to 0.001). Several random effects models were competitive, including a second-best model that included the Barred Owl (BO) covariate. The estimated regression coefficient for the BO covariate was negative ((beta) over cap = -0.086), with a 95% confidence interval that did not overlap zero (-0.158 to -0.014). One competitive random effects model included a negative linear time trend on survival ((beta) over cap = -0.0016) with a 95% confidence interval (-0.0035 to 0.0003) that barely overlapped zero. Other random effects models that were competitive with the best model included climate effects (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Southern Oscillation Index) or weather effects (early nesting season precipitation, early nesting season temperature). Ownership category, percent cover of suitable owl habitat, and latitude had little to no effect on apparent survival. Apparent survival differed among ecoregions, but the ecoregion covariate explained little of the variation among study areas and years. Estimates of the annual finite rate of population change (lambda) were below 1.0 for all study areas, and there was strong evidence that populations on 7 of the 11 study areas declined during the study. For four study areas, the 95% confidence intervals for lambda overlapped 1.0, so we could not conclude that those populations were declining. The weighted mean estimate of lambda for all study areas was 0.971 (SE = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.960 to 0.983), indicating that the average rate of population decline in all study areas combined was 2.9% per year. Annual rates of decline were most precipitous on study areas in Washington and northern Oregon. Based on estimates of realized population change, populations on four study areas declined 40 to 60% during the study, and populations on three study areas declined 20 to 30%. Declines on the other four areas were less dramatic (5 to 15%), with 95% confidence intervals that broadly overlapped 1.0. Based on the top-ranked a priori model in the meta-analysis of lambda, there was evidence that ecoregions and the proportion of Spotted Owl territories with Barred Owl detections were important sources of variation for apparent survival (phi(t)) and recruitment (f(t)). There was some evidence that recruitment was higher on study areas dominated by federal lands compared to study areas that were on private lands or lands that included approximately equal amounts of federal and private lands. There also was evidence that recruitment was positively related to the proportion of the study area that was covered by suitable owl habitat. We concluded that fecundity, apparent survival, and/or populations were declining on most study areas, and that increasing numbers of Barred Owls and loss of habitat were partly responsible for these declines. However, fecundity and survival showed considerable annual variation at all study areas, little of which was explained by the covariates that we used. Although our study areas were not randomly selected, we believe our results reflected conditions on federal lands and areas of mixed federal and private lands within the range of the Northern Spotted Owl because the study areas were (1) large, covering approximate to 9% of the range of the subspecies; (2) distributed across a broad geographic region and within most of the geographic provinces occupied by the owl; and (3) the percent cover of owl habitat was similar between our study areas and the surrounding landscapes. C1 [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burnham, Kenneth P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, Gary C.; Anderson, David R.; Carlson, Peter C.; Rockweit, Jeremy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Biswell, Brian L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Davis, Raymond J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Umpqua Natl Forest, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. [Diller, Lowell V.] Green Diamond Resource Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. [Franklin, Alan B.] APHIS, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gremel, Scott A.] USDI Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Herter, Dale R.] Raedeke Associates Inc, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lint, Joseph B.; Horn, Robert B.] USDI Bur Land Management, Roseburg Dist Off, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. [Reid, Janice A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Roseburg Field Stn, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. [Schaberl, James P.] Mt Rainier Natl Pk, Ashford, WA 98304 USA. [Schwarz, Carl J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eforsman@fs.fed.us; robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu; katie.dugger@oregonstate.edu; betsyglenn1@gmail.com; alan.b.franklin@aphis.usda.gov; gwhite@cnr.colostate.edu; cschwarz@sfu.ca; kenb@lamar.colostate.edu; quietanderson@yahoo.com; jnichols@usgs.gov; jhines@usgs.gov; jbralint@msn.com; rjdavis@fs.fed.us; ackerss@onid.orst.edu; sandrewsor@aol.com; bbiswell@fs.fed.us; pccarlson@lamar.colostate.edu; ldiller@greendiamond.com; scott_gremel@nps.gov; drherter@raedeke.com; mhigley@hoopa-nsn.gov; robert_horn@or.blm.gov; j1reid@or.blm.gov; rockweit@rams.colostate.edu; jim_schaberl@nps.gov; tom.snetsinger@oregonstate.edu; ssovern@fs.fed.us NR 166 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 19 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-95059-7; 978-0-520-27008-4 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 40 BP 1 EP 97 PG 97 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BXH72 UT WOS:000296148100001 ER PT J AU Coleman, FC Scanlon, KM Koenig, CC AF Coleman, Felicia C. Scanlon, Kathryn M. Koenig, Christopher C. TI Groupers on the Edge: Shelf Edge Spawning Habitat in and Around Marine Reserves of the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE acoustic maps; gag; red grouper; reef fish; scamp; spatial management; spawning aggregations; spawning behavior ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS PISCES; REEF-FISH FISHERIES; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; JUVENILE GAG; SEX-RATIO; SERRANIDAE; SIZE AB The northeastern Gulf of Mexico contains some of the most diverse and productive marine habitat in the United States. Much of this habitat, located on the shelf edge in depths of 50 to 120 m, supports spawning for many economically important species, including groupers. Here, we couple acoustic surveys with georeferenced videography to describe the primary spatial and geologic features of spawning aggregation sites for four economically important species: gag (Mycteroperca microlepis), scamp (M. phenax), red grouper (Epinephelus morio), and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), with notes on fish distribution and abundance and spawning activities. We provide information on movement patterns of reef fish determined using acoustic telemetry. Finally, we discuss the possible coupling of geomorphology with hydrographic features to influence the overall productivity of the region and the importance of spatial fishery management in sustaining that productivity. C1 [Coleman, Felicia C.; Koenig, Christopher C.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Scanlon, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Coleman, FC (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, 3618 Coastal Highway, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. EM coleman@bio.fsu.edu; kscanlon@usgs.gov; koenig@bio.fsu.edu NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 32 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PY 2011 VL 63 IS 4 BP 456 EP 474 DI 10.1080/00330124.2011.585076 PG 19 WC Geography SC Geography GA 880NE UT WOS:000299413200005 ER PT J AU Obade, VP Clay, DE Carlson, CG Dalsted, K Wylie, B Ren, C Clay, SA AF Obade, V. P. Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Dalsted, K. Wylie, B. Ren, C. Clay, S. A. BE Shaukat, SS TI Estimating Nonharvested Crop Residue Cover Dynamics Using Remote Sensing SO PROGRESS IN BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY PRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL; REFLECTANCE; LEAF; CHLOROPHYLL; INDEX; WATER C1 [Obade, V. P.; Clay, D. E.; Carlson, C. G.; Dalsted, K.; Ren, C.; Clay, S. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wylie, B.] US Geol Survey EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Obade, VP (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-491-7 PY 2011 BP 325 EP 332 D2 10.5772/972 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE5ZG UT WOS:000373690100018 ER PT J AU Rideout-Hanzak, S Wester, DB Britton, CM Whitlaw, H AF Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra Wester, David B. Britton, Carlton M. Whitlaw, Heather TI Biomass Not Linked to Perennial Grass Mortality Following Severe Wildfire in the Southern High Plains SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE East Amarillo Complex; fire ecology; perennial grasses; plant mortality; post-fire management; primary production; wildfire ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NORTH-AMERICA; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; WEEPING LOVEGRASS; PLANT COMMUNITY; MIXED PRAIRIE; FIRE SEASON; BLUE GRAMA AB In March 2006 the East Amarillo Complex (EAC) wildfires burned over 367000 ha of short and mixed grass prairie of the southern High Plains, USA. We studied EAC wildfire effects on perennial grass mortality and peak standing crop on Deep Hardland and Mixedland Slopes ecological sites. Deep Hardlands were dominated by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis H.B.K. [Griffiths]) and buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides [Nutt.] Engelm.); common species on Mixedland Slopes were little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash.) and sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula [Michx.] Torr.) with scattered sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia Torr.) sometimes present. We hypothesized that perennial grass mortality would increase and standing crop would decrease following severe wildfire, and that these responses would be greater than documented prescribed fire effects. Frequency of perennial grass mortality was higher on both sites in burned areas than nonburned areas through three growing seasons following wildfire; however, standing crop was minimally affected. Results suggest that post-wildfire management to ameliorate wildfire effects is not necessary, and that wildfire effects in this area of the southern High Plains are similar to prescribed fire effects. C1 [Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Wester, David B.; Britton, Carlton M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Rideout-Hanzak, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM sandra.rideout-hanzak@tamuk.edu FU Natural Resources Conservation Service [69-7482-2843]; Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept [168976] FX Research was funded by the Natural Resources Conservation Service for funding (Fish and Wildlife Conservation Grant, Agreement No. 69-7482-2843) and Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept (Interagency Contract No. 168976). NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00071.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716UP UT WOS:000286999300006 ER PT J AU Hansen, MC Egorov, A Roy, DP Potapov, P Ju, JC Turubanova, S Kommareddy, I Loveland, TR AF Hansen, Matthew C. Egorov, Alexey Roy, David P. Potapov, Peter Ju, Junchang Turubanova, Svetlana Kommareddy, Indrani Loveland, Thomas R. TI Continuous fields of land cover for the conterminous United States using Landsat data: first results from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; FOREST COVER; MODIS; CLASSIFICATION; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; SET; TM AB Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF) layers of 30 m percent tree cover, bare ground, other vegetation and probability of water were derived for the conterminous United States (CONUS) using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data sets from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project. Turnkey approaches to land cover characterization were enabled due to the systematic WELD Landsat processing, including conversion of digital numbers to calibrated top of atmosphere reflectance and brightness temperature, cloud masking, reprojection into a continental map projection and temporal compositing. Annual, seasonal and monthly WELD composites for 2008 were used as spectral inputs to a bagged regression and classification tree procedure using a large training data set derived from very high spatial resolution imagery and available ancillary data. The results illustrate the ability to perform Landsat land cover characterizations at continental scales that are internally consistent while retaining local spatial and thematic detail. C1 [Hansen, Matthew C.; Egorov, Alexey; Roy, David P.; Potapov, Peter; Ju, Junchang; Turubanova, Svetlana; Kommareddy, Indrani] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Hansen, MC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM matthew.hansen@sdstate.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL93A] FX This research was funded by NASA's Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, grant number NNX08AL93A. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.519002 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 794CO UT WOS:000292873200002 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JA Eilts, BE Guitreau, AM Figiel, CR Draugelis-Dale, RO Tiersch, TR AF Jenkins, Jill A. Eilts, Bruce E. Guitreau, Amy M. Figiel, Chester R. Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O. Tiersch, Terrence R. TI Sperm quality assessments for endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE ASSAY; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; ASCORBIC-ACID PROTECTS; INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MALE-INFERTILITY; HUMAN-FERTILITY; CELL VIABILITY; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Flow cytometry (FCM) and computer-assisted sperm motion analysis (CASA) methods were developed and validated for use with endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus collected (n=64) during the 2006 spawning season. Sperm motility could be activated within osmolality ranges noted during milt collections (here 167-343 mOsm/kg). We hypothesized that sperm quality of milt collected into isoosmotic (302 mOsm/kg) or hyperosmotic (500 mOsm/kg) Hanks' balanced salt solution would not differ. Pre-freeze viabilities were similar between osmolalities (79% +/- 6 (S.E.M.) and 76% +/- 7); however, post-thaw values were greater in hyperosmotic buffer (27% +/- 3 and 12% +/- 2; P=0.0065), as was mitochondrial membrane potential (33% +/- 4 and 13% +/- 2; P=0.0048). Visual estimates of pre-freeze motility correlated with total (r=0.7589; range 23-82%) and progressive motility (r=0.7449) by CASA and were associated with greater viability (r=0.5985; P < 0.0001). Count (FCM) was negatively correlated with post-thaw viability (r= -0.83; P=0.0116) and mitochondrial function (r= -0.91; P=0.0016). By FCM-based assessments of DNA integrity, whereby increased fluorochrome binding indicated more fragmentation, higher levels were negatively correlated with count (r= -0.77; P < 0.0001) and pre-freeze viabilities (r= -0.66; P=0.0004). Fragmentation was higher in isotonic buffer (P=0.0234). To increase reproductive capacity of natural populations, the strategy and protocols developed can serve as a template for use with other imperiled fish species, biomonitoring, and genome banking. Reproduction (2011) 141 55-65 C1 [Jenkins, Jill A.; Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Eilts, Bruce E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Guitreau, Amy M.; Tiersch, Terrence R.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Figiel, Chester R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Willow Beach, AZ 86445 USA. RP Jenkins, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jenkinsj@usgs.gov RI Eilts, Bruce/J-3739-2014 OI Eilts, Bruce/0000-0003-1087-0328 FU Louisiana Sea Grant College FX Supported in part by funding from the Louisiana Sea Grant College Program. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1530/REP-10-0153 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 699CK UT WOS:000285641300005 PM 20956577 ER PT J AU Vinson, MR Angradi, TR AF Vinson, M. R. Angradi, T. R. TI Stomach Emptiness in Fishes: Sources of Variation and Study Design Implications SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; diet; energy balance; feeding; food; stomach contents; fish; collection methods ID REEF FISHES; EMPTY; RUN AB This study summarizes fish stomach content data from 369,000 fish from 402 species in 1,096 collections and reports on the percentage of individuals with empty stomachs. The mean percentage of individuals with empty stomachs among all species, locations, habitats, seasons, regions, and collection methods was 26.4%. Mean percentage of individuals with empty stomachs varied significantly among fish collection gear types, taxonomic orders, trophic groups, feeding behaviors, and habitats, and with species length at maturity. Most of the variation in percentage of individuals with empty stomachs was explained by species length at maturity, fish collection gear type, and two autecological factors: trophic group (piscivore percentage of individuals with empty stomachs non-piscivore percentage of individuals with empty stomachs) and feeding habitat (water column feeder percentage of individuals with empty stomachs benthic feeder percentage of individuals with empty stomachs). After accounting for variation with fish length, the percentage of individuals with empty stomachs did not vary with the stomach removal collection method (dissection vs. gastric lavage), feeding time (diurnal or nocturnal), or time of collection (day or night). The percentage of individuals with empty stomachs was similar between fresh and saltwater fish, but differed within finer habitat classifications and appeared to follow a general prey availability or productivity gradient: percentage of individuals with empty stomachs of open ocean collections estuary collections, lentic lotic, and pelagic littoral. Gear type (active or passive) was the most influential factor affecting the occurrence of empty stomachs that can be readily controlled by researchers. C1 [Vinson, M. R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Angradi, T. R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Vinson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM mvinson@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 AR PII 931551533 DI 10.1080/10641262.2010.536856 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733OK UT WOS:000288271900001 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Rogala, JT Gray, BR Zigler, SJ Newton, TJ AF Smith, D. R. Rogala, J. T. Gray, B. R. Zigler, S. J. Newton, T. J. TI EVALUATION OF SINGLE AND TWO-STAGE ADAPTIVE SAMPLING DESIGNS FOR ESTIMATION OF DENSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS IN A LARGE RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthic sampling; adaptive cluster sampling; two-stage sequential sampling; two-stage sampling; unionids; freshwater mussels ID POPULATIONS; FAUNA AB Reliable estimates of abundance are needed to assess consequences of proposed habitat restoration and enhancement projects on freshwater mussels in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Although there is general guidance on sampling techniques for population assessment of freshwater mussels, the actual performance of sampling designs can depend critically on the population density and spatial distribution at the project site. To evaluate various sampling designs, we simulated sampling of populations, which varied in density and degree of spatial clustering. Because of logistics and costs of large river sampling and spatial clustering of freshwater mussels, we focused on adaptive and non-adaptive versions of single and two-stage sampling. The candidate designs performed similarly in terms of precision (CV) and probability of species detection for fixed sample size. Both CV and species detection were determined largely by density, spatial distribution and sample size. However, designs did differ in the rate that occupied quadrats were encountered. Occupied units had a higher probability of selection using adaptive designs than conventional designs. We used two measures of cost: sample size (i.e. number of quadrats) and distance travelled between the quadrats. Adaptive and two-stage designs tended to reduce distance between sampling units, and thus performed better when distance travelled was considered. Based on the comparisons, we provide general recommendations on the sampling designs for the freshwater mussels in the UMR, and presumably other large rivers. Published in (C) 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smith, D. R.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Rogala, J. T.; Gray, B. R.; Zigler, S. J.; Newton, T. J.] USGS, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX This research was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Management Program. The authors thank Doug Nichols for programming support, Mary Mandt for GIS support and Priscilla Young for database management. Penelope Pooler and Roger Haro provided helpful reviews of earlier drafts. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1002/rra.1334 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 704SJ UT WOS:000286072400010 ER PT B AU Cooper, A Barker, P Barrett, P Behrendt, J Brancolini, G Childs, J Escutia, C Jokat, W Kristoffersen, Y Leitchenkov, G Stagg, H Tanahashi, M Wardell, N Webb, P AF Cooper, Alan Barker, Peter Barrett, Peter Behrendt, John Brancolini, Giuliano Childs, Jonathan Escutia, Carlota Jokat, Wilfried Kristoffersen, Yngve Leitchenkov, German Stagg, Howard Tanahashi, Manabu Wardell, Nigel Webb, Peter BE Berkman, PA Lang, MA Walton, DWH Young, OR TI The ANTOSTRAT Legacy: Science Collaboration and International Transparency in Potential Marine Mineral Resource Exploitation of Antarctica SO SCIENCE DIPLOMACY: ANTARCTICA, SCIENCE, AND THE GOVERNANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SPACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Antarctic Treaty Summit: Science-Policy Interactions in International Governance CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 2009 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC SP Amer Geophys Union, Fdn Good Governance Int Spaces, Greenpeace, Japan Polar Res Assoc, KBR, Korean Polar Res Inst, Korea Supporters Assoc Polar Res, Lindblad Expedit, Pew Charitable Trusts, Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Sci, United Nations Environm Programme, Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Global Sustainabil Studies, World Wildlife Fund Australia HO Smithsonian Inst AB The Antarctic Offshore Stratigraphy project (ANTOSTRAT; 1989-2002) was an extremely successful collaboration in international marine geological science that also lifted the perceived "veil of secrecy" from studies of potential exploitation of Antarctic marine mineral resources. The project laid the groundwork for circum-Antarctic seismic, drilling, and rock coring programs designed to decipher Antarctica's tectonic, stratigraphic, and climate histories. In 2002, ANTOSTRAT evolved into the equally successful and currently active Antarctic Climate Evolution research program. The need for, and evolution of, ANTOSTRAT was based on two simple tenets within SCAR and the Antarctic Treaty: international science collaboration and open access to data. The ANTOSTRAT project may be a helpful analog for other regions of strong international science and geopolitical interests, such as the Arctic. This is the ANTOSTRAT story. C1 [Cooper, Alan; Childs, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM acooper@usgs.gov; peter@pnjbarker.co.uk; peter.barrett@vuw.ac.nz; john.behrendt@colorado.edu; giuliano.brancolini@libero.it; jchilds@usgs.gov; cescutia@ugr.es; wilfried.jokat@awi.de; yngve.kristoffersen@geo.uib.no; german_l@mail.ru; hstagg@apex.net.au; tanahashi-m@aist.go.jp; nwardell@ogs.trieste.it; webb.3@osu.edu RI Escutia, Carlota/B-8614-2015 OI Escutia, Carlota/0000-0002-4932-8619 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SMITHSONIAN INST SCHOLARLY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 37012, MRC 957, WASHINGTON, DC 20013-7012 USA BN 978-1-935623-06-9 PY 2011 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BZC55 UT WOS:000301091500023 ER PT J AU Henneberry, YK Kraus, TEC Fleck, JA Krabbenhoft, DP Bachand, PM Horwath, WR AF Henneberry, Yumiko K. Kraus, Tamara E. C. Fleck, Jacob A. Krabbenhoft, David P. Bachand, Philip M. Horwath, William R. TI Removal of inorganic mercury and methylmercury from surface waters following coagulation of dissolved organic matter with metal-based salts SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Dissolved organic matter interactions; Coagulation; Ferric sulfate; Ferric chloride; Polyaluminum chloride; Water quality ID ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; COMPLEXATION; SOIL; BINDING; CARBON; ACIDS; COPPER(II) AB The presence of inorganic mercury (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in surface waters is a health concern worldwide. This study assessed the removal potential use of metal-based coagulants as a means to remove both dissolved IHg and MeHg from natural waters and provides information regarding the importance of Hg associations with the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction and metal hydroxides. Previous research indicated coagulants were not effective at removing Hg from solution; however these studies used high concentrations of Hg and did not reflect naturally occurring concentrations of Hg. In this study, water collected from an agricultural drain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta was filtered to isolate the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction. The DOM was then treated with a range of coagulant doses to determine the efficacy of removing all forms of Hg from solution. Three industrial-grade coagulants were tested: ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride. Coagulation removed up to 85% of DOM from solution. In the absence of DOM, all three coagulants released IHg into solution, however in the presence of DOM the coagulants removed up to 97% of IHg and 80% of MeHg. Results suggest that the removal of Hg is mediated by DOM-coagulant interactions. There was a preferential association of IHg with the more aromatic, higher molecular weight fraction of DOM but no such relationship was found for MeHg. This study offers new fundamental insights regarding large-scale removal of Hg at environmentally relevant regarding large-scale removal of Hg at environmentally relevant concentrations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Henneberry, Yumiko K.; Horwath, William R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kraus, Tamara E. C.; Fleck, Jacob A.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95616 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Bachand, Philip M.] Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Henneberry, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, 1111 Plant & Environm Sci Bldg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yumberry@ucdavis.edu OI Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU California Department of Water Resource [v4600003886] FX This work was funded by the California Department of Water Resource (Agreement #v4600003886). We would like to thank John DeWild, Tad Doane, William Kerlin, and Yan Liang for their assistance with laboratory analyses. In addition, we would like to express our appreciation to Kemiron, Inc, particularly Fred Sims, for providing us with coagulant samples and correspondence. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 3 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.030 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707MV UT WOS:000286291600023 PM 21075424 ER PT J AU Graizer, V Kalkan, E AF Graizer, Vladimir Kalkan, Erol TI Modular Filter-based-Approach to Ground Motion Attenuation Modeling SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEAK HORIZONTAL ACCELERATION; SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; UNITED-STATES; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MOHO REFLECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; COMPONENT; PGA; PREDICTION; VELOCITY C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. EM vladimir.graizer@nrc.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.1.21 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704FA UT WOS:000286035300004 ER PT J AU Akkar, S Aldemir, A Askan, A Bakir, S Canbay, E Demirel, IO Erberik, MA Gulerce, Z Gulkan, P Kalkan, E Prakash, S Sandikkaya, MA Sevilgen, V Ugurhan, B Yenier, E AF Akkar, Sinan Aldemir, Alper Askan, Aysegul Bakir, Sadik Canbay, Erdem Demirel, I. Ozan Erberik, M. Altug Gulerce, Zeynep Gulkan, Polat Kalkan, Erol Prakash, Surya Sandikkaya, M. Abdullah Sevilgen, Volkan Ugurhan, Beliz Yenier, Emrah TI 8 March 2010 Elazig-Kovancilar (Turkey) Earthquake: Observations on Ground Motions and Building Damage SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MODEL; ATTENUATION; PERIODS; PGV C1 [Akkar, Sinan; Aldemir, Alper; Askan, Aysegul; Bakir, Sadik; Canbay, Erdem; Demirel, I. Ozan; Erberik, M. Altug; Gulerce, Zeynep; Gulkan, Polat; Sandikkaya, M. Abdullah; Ugurhan, Beliz; Yenier, Emrah] Middle E Tech Univ, Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Kalkan, Erol; Sevilgen, Volkan] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Prakash, Surya] Natl Inst Disaster Management, New Delhi, India. RP Askan, A (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM aaskan@metu.eda.tr RI Aldemir, Alper/L-3433-2016 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 42 EP 58 DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.1.42 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704FA UT WOS:000286035300006 ER PT J AU Reyes, CG West, ME AF Reyes, Celso G. West, Michael E. TI The Waveform Suite: A Robust Platform for Manipulating Waveforms in MATLAB SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Reyes, Celso G.; West, Michael E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Reyes, CG (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM creyes@gi.alaska.edu NR 8 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.1.104 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704FA UT WOS:000286035300012 ER PT S AU Bennett, SJ Simon, A Castro, JM Atkinson, JF Bronner, CE Blersch, SS Rabideau, AJ AF Bennett, Sean J. Simon, Andrew Castro, Janine M. Atkinson, Joseph F. Bronner, Colleen E. Blersch, Stacey S. Rabideau, Alan J. BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI The Evolving Science of Stream Restoration SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUANTIFY FLUVIAL PROCESSES; DESIGN METHODS FAIL; RIVER RESTORATION; CHANNEL-DESIGN; ROSGEN CLASSIFICATION; CHALLENGES; INTEGRATE; RESPONSES; US; PRACTITIONERS AB Stream restoration is a general term used for the wide range of actions undertaken to improve the geomorphic and ecologic function, structure, and integrity of river corridors. While the practice of stream restoration is not new to geomorphic, ecologic, or engineering communities, the number of restoration activities and their associated costs has increased dramatically over the last few decades because of government policies intended to protect and restore water quality and aquatic species and their habitats. The goals and objectives, tools and technologies, approaches and applications, and assessment and monitoring standards promoted and employed in stream restoration are rapidly evolving in response to this increased focus and funding. Because technology transfer is an important activity in scientific discourse, this volume provides a comprehensive, integrative, and interdisciplinary synthesis of process-based approaches, tools, and techniques currently used in stream restoration, as well as their philosophical and conceptual foundations. This introductory paper provides a brief summary of the history and evolving science of stream restoration and emerging areas relevant to the stream restoration community. C1 [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Simon, Andrew] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS USA. [Castro, Janine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Atkinson, Joseph F.; Bronner, Colleen E.; Blersch, Stacey S.; Rabideau, Alan J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1029/2011GM001099 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500002 ER PT S AU Bennett, SJ Castro, JM Simon, A AF Bennett, Sean J. Castro, Janine M. Simon, Andrew BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI Stream Restoration in Dynamic Fluvial Systems: Scientific Approaches, Analyses, and Tools PREFACE SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Castro, Janine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eufaula, AL USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP IX EP IX DI 10.1029/2011GM001092 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500001 ER PT S AU Jacobson, RB Berkley, J AF Jacobson, Robert B. Berkley, Jim BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI Conceptualizing and Communicating Ecological River Restoration SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; FLOW REGIME; MANAGEMENT; SCIENTISTS; BASIN; REHABILITATION; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; STRATEGIES; INTEGRITY AB We present a general conceptual model for communicating aspects of river restoration and management. The model is generic and adaptable to most riverine settings, independent of size. The model has separate categories of natural and social-economic drivers, and management actions are envisioned as modifiers of naturally dynamic systems. The model includes a decision-making structure in which managers, stakeholders, and scientists interact to define management objectives and performance evaluation. The model depicts a stress to the riverine ecosystem as either (1) deviation in the regimes (flow, sediment, temperature, light, biogeochemical, and genetic) by altering the frequency, magnitude, duration, timing, or rate of change of the fluxes or (2) imposition of a hard structural constraint on channel form. Restoration is depicted as naturalization of those regimes or removal of the constraint. The model recognizes the importance of river history in conditioning future responses. Three hierarchical tiers of essential ecosystem characteristics (EECs) illustrate how management actions typically propagate through physical/chemical processes to habitat to biotic responses. Uncertainty and expense in modeling or measuring responses increase in moving from tiers 1 to 3. Social-economic characteristics are shown in a parallel structure that emphasizes the need to quantify trade-offs between ecological and social-economic systems. Performance measures for EECs are also hierarchical, showing that selection of measures depend on participants' willingness to accept uncertainty. The general form is of an adaptive management loop in which the performance measures are compared to reference conditions or success criteria and the information is fed back into the decision-making process. C1 [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Berkley, Jim] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. RP Jacobson, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP 9 EP 27 DI 10.1029/2010GM000967 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500003 ER PT S AU Gellis, AC Walling, DE AF Gellis, A. C. Walling, D. E. BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI Sediment Source Fingerprinting (Tracing) and Sediment Budgets as Tools in Targeting River and Watershed Restoration Programs SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; INVESTIGATE SOIL-EROSION; BANK EROSION; LAND-USE; RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION; CESIUM-137 MEASUREMENTS; PB-210 MEASUREMENTS; STREAM RESTORATION; TRANSPORT MODELS; ZAMBIAN EXAMPLE AB Management strategies that focus on stream and watershed restoration with the goal of reducing erosion and sediment flux should be founded on a sound understanding of the sediment sources contributing to the sediment flux and the overall sediment budget of the watershed in question. This understanding can be provided by undertaking complementary sediment source fingerprinting and sediment-budgeting investigations. The sediment fingerprinting approach quantifies the relative importance of the potential sediment sources in a watershed. The sediment budget approach provides information on the magnitude of the fluxes and the links between sources, sinks, and sediment output. Combining the two approaches can provide resource managers with information on where to target measures to reduce erosion, sediment delivery, and the net transport of sediment. C1 [Gellis, A. C.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Walling, D. E.] Univ Exeter, Sch Geog, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Gellis, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 155 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP 263 EP 291 DI 10.1029/2010GM000960 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500016 ER PT B AU Clair, TA Burns, D Perez, IR Blais, J Percy, K AF Clair, Thomas A. Burns, Douglas Rosas Perez, Irma Blais, Jules Percy, Kevin BE Hidy, GM Brook, JR Demerjian, KL Molina, LT Pennell, WT Scheffe, RD TI Ecosystems SO TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF MULTIPOLLUTANT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; CLEAN-AIR ACT; REGIONAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS C1 [Clair, Thomas A.] Environm Canada, Biogeochem Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. [Blais, Jules] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Burns, Douglas] US Geol Survey, USGS ER NE WRD, Dist Off Troy, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Percy, Kevin] Wood Buffalo Environm Assocat, Ft McMurray, AB T9K 1Y1, Canada. [Rosas Perez, Irma] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Jefa Dept Aerobiol, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Clair, TA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Biogeochem Res, 45 Alderney Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. EM tom.clair@ec.gc.ca; daburns@usgs.gov; iarp@atmosfera.unam.mx; jules.blais@uottawa.ca; kpercy@wbea.com OI Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598 NR 481 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-0303-2 PY 2011 BP 139 EP 229 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9 PG 91 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BWM39 UT WOS:000294234100006 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Connor, WP AF Tiffan, Kenneth F. Connor, William P. TI Distinguishing between Natural and Hatchery Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon Subyearlings in the Field Using Body Morphology SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; STICKLEBACKS GASTEROSTEUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SPECIES PAIR; LIFE-HISTORY; ENOS LAKE; WILD AB We used body morphology to distinguish between natural- and hatchery-origin subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in rearing areas of the Snake River and at a downstream dam during seaward migration. Using subjective eye and body shape characteristics, field personnel correctly classified 88.9-100% of natural subyearlings (N = 626) and 90.0-100% of hatchery subyearlings (N = 867) in rearing areas from 2001 to 2008. The morphological characteristics used by these personnel proved to have a quantitative basis, as was shown by digital photography and principal components analysis. Natural subyearlings had smaller eyes and pupils, smaller heads, deeper bodies, and shorter caudal peduncles than their hatchery counterparts during rearing and at the dam. A discriminant function fitted from this set of morphological characteristics classified the origin of fish during rearing and at the dam with over 97% accuracy. We hypothesize that these morphological differences were primarily due to environmental influences during incubation and rearing because it is highly probable that a large portion of the natural juveniles we studied were the offspring of hatchery x hatchery mating in the wild. The findings in this paper might provide guidance for others seeking to differentiate between natural and hatchery fish. C1 [Tiffan, Kenneth F.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Connor, William P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX We thank our colleagues at the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Fisheries Research Center and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Idaho Fisheries Resource Office, whose efforts contributed to the success of this study. We acknowledge the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing assistance at the Lower Granite Dam juvenile fish facility. Reviews by John Beeman, Chris Peery, Martin Unwin, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and administered by Debbie Docherty. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 AR PII 933540294 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.545003 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100003 ER PT J AU Lindley, ST Erickson, DL Moser, ML Williams, G Langness, OP McCovey, BW Belchik, M Vogel, D Pinnix, W Kelly, JT Heublein, JC Klimley, AP AF Lindley, Steven T. Erickson, Daniel L. Moser, Mary L. Williams, Greg Langness, Olaf P. McCovey, Barry W., Jr. Belchik, Michael Vogel, Dave Pinnix, William Kelly, John T. Heublein, Joseph C. Klimley, A. Peter TI Electronic Tagging of Green Sturgeon Reveals Population Structure and Movement among Estuaries SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST ESTUARIES; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; CORAL-REEF FISH; ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; ROGUE RIVER; CONNECTIVITY; MIGRATIONS; STOCK AB Green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris spend much of their lives outside of their natal rivers, but the details of their migrations and habitat use are poorly known, which limits our understanding of how this species might be affected by human activities and habitat degradation. We tagged 355 green sturgeon with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds and in known nonspawning aggregation sites and examined their movement among these sites and other potentially important locations using automated data-logging hydrophones. We found that green sturgeon inhabit a number of estuarine and coastal sites over the summer, including the Columbia River estuary, Willapa Bay, Grays Harbor, and the estuaries of certain smaller rivers in Oregon, especially the Umpqua River estuary. Green sturgeon from different natal rivers exhibited different patterns of habitat use; most notably, San Francisco Bay was used only by Sacramento River fish, while the Umpqua River estuary was used mostly by fish from the Klamath and Rogue rivers. Earlier work, based on analysis of microsatellite markers, suggested that the Columbia River mixed stock was mainly composed of fish from the Sacramento River, but our results indicate that fish from the Rogue and Klamath River populations frequently use the Columbia River as well. We also found evidence for the existence of migratory contingents within spawning populations. Our findings have significant implications for the management of the threatened Sacramento River population of green sturgeon, which migrates to inland waters outside of California where anthropogenic impacts, including fisheries bycatch and water pollution, may be a concern. Our results also illustrate the utility of acoustic tracking to elucidate the migratory behavior of animals that are otherwise difficult to observe. C1 [Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Erickson, Daniel L.] Bronx Zoo, Marine Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Moser, Mary L.; Williams, Greg] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Langness, Olaf P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. [McCovey, Barry W., Jr.; Belchik, Michael] Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program, Weitchpec, CA 95546 USA. [Vogel, Dave] Nat Resource Scientists Inc, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. [Pinnix, William] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Kelly, John T.; Heublein, Joseph C.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lindley, ST (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM steve.lindley@noaa.gov RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014 OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411 FU NOAA; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Wildlife Conservation Society; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; CALFED Science Program FX This research was supported by the NOAA-Fisheries Species of Concern Program (S. T. L. and M. L. M.), the Northwest Fisheries Science Center internal grants program, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (D. L. E.), and the CALFED Science Program (P. K., J.T., and J.H.). Numerous people helped in the field, including M. Howell, S. West, E. Evans, C. Black, B. Pickering, D. Farrer, and B. Cady (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife); J. Weber, B. Krohn, G. Ryden, and C. Barber (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife); K. Hanson and A. Keller (Wildlife Conservation Society); R. Whitlock (Imperial College, UK); M. Webb, K. Kapperman, J. Ogawa, and G. Stutzer (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service); S. Turo and R. Benson, (Yurok Tribal Fisheries); H. Fish, D. Rundio, A. Ammann, and J. Harding (NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center); and G. Holt and E. Danner (University of California at Santa Cruz). The Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commission (D. Hatch and R. Branstetter) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (D. Hering) provided hydrophone data from the Columbia River estuary. K. Andrews (NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center) supplied detection data for Puget Sound. J. Power (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hatfield Marine Science Center) provided data from receivers in the Alsea River and Yaquina Bay. D. Rundio conducted the similarity profile analysis of the migration history dissimilarity matrix. S. X. Cadrin, E. Mora, C. Grimes, W. Perrin, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 108 EP 122 AR PII 934069975 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.557017 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100011 ER PT J AU Rice, CA Greene, CM Moran, P Teel, DJ Kuligowski, DR Reisenbichler, RR Beamer, EM Karr, JR Fresh, KL AF Rice, Casimir A. Greene, Correigh M. Moran, Paul Teel, David J. Kuligowski, David R. Reisenbichler, Reginald R. Beamer, Eric M. Karr, James R. Fresh, Kurt L. TI Abundance, Stock Origin, and Length of Marked and Unmarked Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Surface Waters of Greater Puget Sound SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PINK SALMON; HATCHERY PROGRAMS; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; KODIAK ISLAND; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER ESTUARY AB This study focuses on the use by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of the rarely studied neritic environment (surface waters overlaying the sublittoral zone) in greater Puget Sound. Juvenile Chinook salmon inhabit the sound from their late estuarine residence and early marine transition to their first year at sea. We measured the density, origin, and size of marked (known hatchery) and unmarked (majority naturally spawned) juveniles by means of monthly surface trawls at six river mouth estuaries in Puget Sound and the areas in between. Juvenile Chinook salmon were present in all months sampled (April-November). Unmarked fish in the northern portion of the study area showed broader seasonal distributions of density than did either marked fish in all areas or unmarked fish in the central and southern portions of the sound. Despite these temporal differences, the densities of marked fish appeared to drive most of the total density estimates across space and time. Genetic analysis and coded wire tag data provided us with documented individuals from at least 16 source populations and indicated that movement patterns and apparent residence time were, in part, a function of natal location and time passed since the release of these fish from hatcheries. Unmarked fish tended to be smaller than marked fish and had broader length frequency distributions. The lengths of unmarked fish were negatively related to the density of both marked and unmarked Chinook salmon, but those of marked fish were not. These results indicate more extensive use of estuarine environments by wild than by hatchery juvenile Chinook salmon as well as differential use (e.g., rearing and migration) of various geographic regions of greater Puget Sound by juvenile Chinook salmon in general. In addition, the results for hatchery-generated timing, density, and length differences have implications for the biological interactions between hatchery and wild fish throughout Puget Sound. C1 [Rice, Casimir A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.; Moran, Paul; Teel, David J.; Kuligowski, David R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Reisenbichler, Reginald R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beamer, Eric M.] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. [Karr, James R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fresh, Kurt L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rice, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM casimir.rice@noaa.gov FU Seattle City Light; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank the Environmental Conservation Division of NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, for research vessels and field staff, and the U. S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, for field staff. Seattle City Light and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided supplemental funding. T. Beacham (CDFO) and S. Blankenship (WDFW) provided unpublished data for use in our genetic stock identification analysis. K. Sobocinski, G. Williams, and E. Casillas gave helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript; G. Pess, L. Johnson, T. Beechie, T. Collier, and four anonymous reviewers provided thorough and constructive reviews. K. Kloehn helped create the map and C. Stehr and W. Reichert assisted with the review process. NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 170 EP 189 AR PII 934547558 DI 10.1080/00028487.2010.550253 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100016 ER PT J AU Morrison, G Greening, HS Yates, KK AF Morrison, G. Greening, H. S. Yates, K. K. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Management Case Study: Tampa Bay, Florida SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 11: MANAGEMENT OF ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; OF-MEXICO ESTUARIES; SEDIMENT QUALITY; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; BENTHIC INDEX; NITROGEN; TOXICITY; RAINFALL; CHANNELS AB Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, is a shallow, subtropical estuary that experienced severe cultural eutrophication between the 1940s and 1980s, a period when the human population of its watershed quadrupled. In response, citizen action led to the formation of a public-and private-sector partnership (the Tampa Bay Estuary Program), which adopted a number of management objectives to support the restoration and protection of the bay's living resources. These included numeric chlorophyll a and water-clarity targets, as well as long-term goals addressing the spatial extent of seagrasses and other selected habitat types, to support estuarine-dependent faunal guilds. Over the past three decades, nitrogen controls involving sources such as wastewater treatment plants, stormwater conveyance systems, fertilizer manufacturing and shipping operations, and power plants have been undertaken to meet these and other management objectives. Cumulatively, these controls have resulted in a 60% reduction in annual total nitrogen (TN) loads relative to earlier worse-case (latter 1970s) conditions. As a result, annual water-clarity and chlorophyll a targets are currently met in most years, and seagrass cover measured in 2008 was the highest recorded since 1950. Factors that have contributed to the observed improvements in Tampa Bay over the past several decades include the following: (1) Development of numeric, science-based water-quality targets to meet a long-term goal of restoring seagrass acreage to 1950s levels. Empirical and mechanistic models found that annual average chlorophyll a concentrations were a primary manageable factor affecting light attenuation. The models also quantified relationships between TN loads, chlorophyll a concentrations, light attenuation, and fluctuations in seagrass cover. The availability of long-term monitoring data, and a systematic process for using the data to evaluate the effectiveness of management actions, has allowed managers to track progress and make adaptive changes when needed. (2) Citizen involvement, that is, the initial reductions in TN loads, which occurred in the late 1970s and early 1980s, was a result of state regulations that were developed in response to citizens' call for action. Improved water clarity and better fishing and swimming conditions were identified as primary goals by citizens again in the early 1990s, and led to development of numeric water-quality targets and seagrass restoration goals. More recent citizen actions, from pet waste campaigns to support of reductions in residential fertilizer use, are important elements of the nitrogen management strategy. (3) Collaborative actions, that is, in addition to numerous other collaborative ventures that have benefitted Tampa Bay, the public/private Nitrogen Management Consortium, which includes more than 40 participating organizations, has implemented over 250 nutrient-reduction projects. These projects have addressed stormwater treatment, fertilizer manufacturing and shipping, agricultural practices, reclaimed water use, and atmospheric emissions from local power stations, providing more than 300 tons of TN load reductions since 1995. (4) State and federal regulatory programs, that is, regulatory requirements, such as state statutes and rules requiring compliance with advanced wastewater treatment standards by municipal sewerage works, have played a key role in Tampa Bay management efforts. The technical basis and implementation plan of the Tampa Bay nitrogen management strategy have been developed in cooperation with state and federal regulatory agencies, and the strategy has been recognized by them as an appropriate tool for meeting water-quality standards, including federally mandated total maximum daily loads. Subsequent management efforts have focused on maintaining and extending those improvements in Tampa Bay's environmental resources by addressing water and sediment quality and habitat protection and restoration. Implementation of a collaborative, watershed-based management process, driven by an integrated science approach, has played a central role in supporting progress toward the achievement of science-based estuary management goals. C1 [Morrison, G.] BCI Engineers & Scientists Inc, Lakeland, FL 33803 USA. [Greening, H. S.] Tampa Bay Estuary Program, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Yates, K. K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Morrison, G (reprint author), BCI Engineers & Scientists Inc, Lakeland, FL 33803 USA. NR 130 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0 PY 2011 BP 31 EP 76 PG 46 WC Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BA2VG UT WOS:000333927200003 ER PT J AU Nicholls, RJ Woodroffe, CD Burkett, V Hay, J Wong, PP Nurse, L AF Nicholls, R. J. Woodroffe, C. D. Burkett, V. Hay, J. Wong, P. P. Nurse, L. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Scenarios for Coastal Vulnerability Assessment SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 12: ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS OF ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOCIOECONOMIC SCENARIOS; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER DESALINATION; SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION; CORAL CALCIFICATION; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION AB Coastal vulnerability assessments tend to focus mainly on climate change and especially on sea-level rise. Assessment of the influence of nonclimatic environmental change or socioeconomic change is less well developed and these drivers are often completely ignored. Given that the most profound coastal changes of the twentieth century due to nonclimate drivers are likely to continue through the twenty-first century, this is a major omission. It may result in not only overstating the importance of climate change but also overlooking significant interactions of climate change and other drivers. To support the development of policies relating to climate change and coastal management, integrated assessments of climatic change in coastal areas are required, including the effects of all the relevant drivers. This chapter explores the development of scenarios (or 'plausible futures') of relevant climate and nonclimate drivers that can be used for coastal analysis, with an emphasis on the nonclimate drivers. It shows the importance of analyzing the impacts of climate change and sea-level rise in a broader context of coastal change and all its drivers. This will improve the analysis of impacts, key vulnerabilities, and adaptation needs and, hence, inform climate and coastal policy. Stakeholder engagement is important in the development of scenarios, and the underlying assumptions need to be explicit, transparent, and open to scientific debate concerning their uncertainties/ realism and likelihood. C1 [Nicholls, R. J.] Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Woodroffe, C. D.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Burkett, V.] US Geol Survey, Many, LA USA. [Hay, J.] Ibaraki Univ, Ibaraki, Japan. [Wong, P. P.] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Nurse, L.] Univ W Indies, St Michael, Barbados. RP Nicholls, RJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. RI Nicholls, Robert/G-3898-2010 OI Nicholls, Robert/0000-0002-9715-1109 NR 164 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0 PY 2011 BP 289 EP 303 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA2VK UT WOS:000333928000014 ER PT J AU King, JN AF King, J. N. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Analytical Characterization of Selective Benthic Flux Components in Estuarine and Coastal Waters SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 9: ESTUARINE AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MODELLING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; SEEPAGE METERS; BERNOULLIS REVENGE; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; NONLINEAR DIFFUSION; ADVECTIVE TRANSPORT; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FREE-SURFACE; FLOW AB Benthic flux is the rate of flow across the bed of a water body, per unit area of bed. It is forced by component mechanisms, which interact. For example, pressure gradients across the bed, forced by tide, surface gravity waves, density gradients, bed-current interaction, turbulence, and terrestrial hydraulic gradients, drive an advective benthic flux of water and constituents between estuarine and coastal waters, and surficial aquifers. Other mechanisms also force benthic flux, such as chemical gradients, bioturbation, and dispersion. A suite of component mechanisms force a total benthic flux at any given location, where each member of the suite contributes a component benthic flux. Currently, the types and characteristics of component interactions are not fully understood. For example, components may interact linearly or nonlinearly, and the interaction may be constructive or destructive. Benthic flux is a surface water-groundwater interaction process. Its discharge component to a marine water body is referred to, in some literature, as submarine groundwater discharge. Benthic flux is important in characterizing water and constituent budgets of estuarine and coastal systems. Analytical models to characterize selective benthic flux components are reviewed. Specifically, these mechanisms are for the component associated with the groundwater tidal prism, and forced by surface gravity wave setup, surface gravity waves on a plane bed, and the terrestrial hydraulic gradient. Analytical models are applied to the Indian River Lagoon, Florida; Great South Bay, New York; and the South Atlantic Bight in South Carolina and portions of North Carolina. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. RP King, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0 PY 2011 BP 397 EP 423 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BA2VA UT WOS:000333925800016 ER PT J AU Peters, NE Bohlke, JK Brooks, PD Burt, TP Gooseff, MN Hamilton, DP Mulholland, PJ Roulet, NT Turner, JV AF Peters, N. E. Boehlke, J. K. Brooks, P. D. Burt, T. P. Gooseff, M. N. Hamilton, D. P. Mulholland, P. J. Roulet, N. T. Turner, J. V. BE Wilderer, P TI Hydrology and Biogeochemistry Linkages SO TREATISE ON WATER SCIENCE, VOL 2: THE SCIENCE OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA REDWOOD FOREST; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; WATER-TABLE FLUCTUATIONS; EUROPEAN SURFACE WATERS; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GRADIENT TRACER TESTS; SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO C1 [Peters, N. E.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Brooks, P. D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Burt, T. P.] Univ Durham, Durham, England. [Gooseff, M. N.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hamilton, D. P.] Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Mulholland, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Roulet, N. T.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Turner, J. V.] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA, Australia. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RI Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 429 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53199-5 PY 2011 BP 271 EP 304 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA2FH UT WOS:000333356000012 ER PT J AU Walling, DE Wilkinson, SN Horowitz, AJ AF Walling, D. E. Wilkinson, S. N. Horowitz, A. J. BE Wilderer, P TI Catchment Erosion, Sediment Delivery, and Sediment Quality SO TREATISE ON WATER SCIENCE, VOL 2: THE SCIENCE OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; PARTICLE-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; FALLOUT PB-210 MEASUREMENTS; HIGHLY URBANIZED CATCHMENT; TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT; ESTIMATE SOIL-EROSION C1 [Walling, D. E.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Wilkinson, S. N.] CSIRO Land & Water, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Horowitz, A. J.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Walling, DE (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. NR 368 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53199-5 PY 2011 BP 305 EP 338 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA2FH UT WOS:000333356000013 ER PT J AU Bencala, KE AF Bencala, K. E. BE Wilderer, P TI Stream-Groundwater Interactions SO TREATISE ON WATER SCIENCE, VOL 2: THE SCIENCE OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GLACIAL MELTWATER STREAM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; MOUNTAIN STREAM; AQUIFER SYSTEM; ALLUVIAL AQUIFERS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bencala, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 124 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53199-5 PY 2011 BP 537 EP 546 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA2FH UT WOS:000333356000021 ER PT B AU Niemela, J Breuste, J Elmqvist, T Guntenspergen, G James, P McIntyre, N AF Niemela, Jari Breuste, Juergen Elmqvist, Thomas Guntenspergen, Glenn James, Philip McIntyre, Nancy BE Niemela, J TI Urban Ecology Patterns, Processes, and Applications Introduction SO URBAN ECOLOGY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CENTRAL-EUROPEAN CITY; FOXES VULPES-VULPES; LAND-USE CHANGE; GENETIC POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HUMAN SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; GROWING METROPOLITAN-AREA; QUALITY ASSESSMENT INDEX; FRESH-WATER MARSH; DOMESTIC GARDENS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES C1 [Niemela, Jari] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Breuste, Juergen] Salzburg Univ, Urban & Landscape Ecol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. [Elmqvist, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Elmqvist, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Guntenspergen, Glenn] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [James, Philip] Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [McIntyre, Nancy] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Niemela, J (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, POB 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NR 1283 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-177471-3; 978-0-19-956356-2 PY 2011 BP 1 EP + D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001 PG 48 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6RW UT WOS:000354450700001 ER PT B AU Guntenspergen, GR AF Guntenspergen, Glenn R. BE Niemela, J TI Urban Ecology Patterns, Processes, and Applications Introduction SO URBAN ECOLOGY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Guntenspergen, GR (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Suite 4039,12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-177471-3; 978-0-19-956356-2 PY 2011 BP 75 EP 76 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6RW UT WOS:000354450700009 ER PT B AU Guntenspergen, GR AF Guntenspergen, Glenn R. BE Niemela, J TI Urban Ecology Patterns, Processes, and Applications Summary SO URBAN ECOLOGY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Guntenspergen, GR (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Suite 4039,12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-177471-3; 978-0-19-956356-2 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 129 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6RW UT WOS:000354450700015 ER PT B AU Niemela, J Breuste, J Elmqvist, T Guntenspergen, G James, P McIntyre, N AF Niemela, Jari Breuste, Juergen Elmqvist, Thomas Guntenspergen, Glenn James, Philip McIntyre, Nancy BE Niemela, J TI Concluding Remarks: The Way Forward for Urban Ecology SO URBAN ECOLOGY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Niemela, Jari] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Breuste, Juergen] Salzburg Univ, Urban & Landscape Ecol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. [Elmqvist, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Elmqvist, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Guntenspergen, Glenn] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [James, Philip] Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [McIntyre, Nancy] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Niemela, J (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, POB 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-177471-3; 978-0-19-956356-2 PY 2011 BP 319 EP 321 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6RW UT WOS:000354450700038 ER PT J AU Harris, RB Schwartz, CC Mace, RD Haroldson, MA AF Harris, Richard B. Schwartz, Charles C. Mace, Richard D. Haroldson, Mark A. TI Study design and sampling intensity for demographic analyses of bear populations SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; demographic analysis; grizzly bear; lambda; rate of increase; sample size; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; variability ID YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEAR; NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; AMERICAN BLACK BEARS; OF-THE-YEAR; URSUS-AMERICANUS; SURVIVAL RATES; GROWTH; CUBS; REPRODUCTION; ESTIMATORS AB The rate of population change through time (lambda) is a fundamental element of a wildlife population's conservation status, yet estimating it with acceptable precision for bears is difficult. For studies that follow known (usually marked) bears, lambda can be estimated during some defined time by applying either life-table or matrix projection methods to estimates of individual vital rates. Usually however, confidence intervals surrounding the estimate are broader than one would like. Using an estimator suggested by Doak et al. (2005), we explored the precision to be expected in lambda from demographic analyses of typical grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black (U americanus) bear data sets. We also evaluated some trade-offs among vital rates in sampling strategies. Confidence intervals around lambda were more sensitive to adding to the duration of a short (e.g., 3 yrs) than a long (e.g., 10 yrs) study, and more sensitive to adding additional bears to studies with small (e.g., 10 adult females/yr) than large (e.g., 30 adult females/yr) sample sizes. Confidence intervals of lambda projected using process-only variance of vital rates were only slightly smaller than those projected using total variances of vital rates. Under sampling constraints typical of most bear studies, it may be more efficient to invest additional resources into monitoring recruitment and juvenile survival rates of females already a part of the study, than to simply increase the sample size of study females. C1 [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Schwartz, Charles C.; Haroldson, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Mace, Richard D.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT USA. RP Harris, RB (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM rharris@montana.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain-Prairie Region; Office of Grizzly Bear Recovery Coordinator FX This study was supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain-Prairie Region and the Office of Grizzly Bear Recovery Coordinator. We thank C. Servheen for encouragement and advice. D. Doak graciously provided assistance in modifying the MATLAB program used in the analysis. We thank M. Hebblewhite, J. Clark, J. McDonald, and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved earlier drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 27 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 761CF UT WOS:000290372000003 ER PT J AU Steinman, AD Nicholas, JR Seelbach, PW Allan, JW Ruswick, F AF Steinman, Alan D. Nicholas, James R. Seelbach, Paul W. Allan, Jon W. Ruswick, Frank TI Science as a fundamental framework for shaping policy discussions regarding the use of groundwater in the State of Michigan: a case study SO WATER POLICY LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Groundwater withdrawal; Michigan; Science policy; Sustainability ID WATER; MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; STREAMS; FISHES; MODEL AB The availability and use of freshwater is a growing concern in the United States and around the globe. Despite apparently abundant water resources, several conflicts over water use have emerged in the Great Lakes region and the State of Michigan. These conflicts resulted in state legislation that both addresses water withdrawal from the Great Lakes Basin and requires the State of Michigan to begin a process to address the sustainability of water resources. The former resulted in Michigan's support of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Water Resources Compact, whereas the of sustainable use of water, the creation of a water withdrawal assessment process to determine if a proposed withdrawal will create an adverse resource impact in the state, and how the lessons learned in Michigan may be applied to other units of government addressing similar issues. Attention is also given to the Compact, as it provides important context for the Council's formation. C1 [Steinman, Alan D.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Nicholas, James R.] USGS Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Seelbach, Paul W.] Fisheries Res Inst, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Allan, Jon W.] Consumers Energy Co, Jackson, MI 49201 USA. [Ruswick, Frank] Michigan Dept Environm Qual, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Steinman, AD (reprint author), Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 W Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steinmaa@gvsu.edu OI Steinman, Alan/0000-0002-4886-4305 FU Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Environmental Council; Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX The authors are extremely grateful to all the Council members (during both Phases), who contributed their time, energy, and knowledge to this process. In addition, we are grateful to the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, who provided funding to develop the water withdrawal assessment tool, and to the Michigan Environmental Council and Great Lakes Fishery Trust, who provided funding to support the Sustainability Workshop. Comments by Mary Ogdahl (AWRI), Dave Hamilton (MDEQ), Howard Reeves (USGS), and Randy Hunt (USGS) greatly improved the manuscript. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1366-7017 J9 WATER POLICY JI Water Policy PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 69 EP 86 DI 10.2166/wp.2010.047 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 710KO UT WOS:000286510700006 ER PT J AU Badgley, BD Ferguson, J Heuvel, AV Kleinheinz, GT McDermott, CM Sandrin, TR Kinzelman, J Junion, EA Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Sadowsky, MJ AF Badgley, Brian D. Ferguson, John Heuvel, Amy Vanden Kleinheinz, Gregory T. McDermott, Colleen M. Sandrin, Todd R. Kinzelman, Julie Junion, Emily A. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Multi-scale temporal and spatial variation in genotypic composition of Cladophora-borne Escherichia coli populations in Lake Michigan SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE E. coli; Cladophora; Population structure; Variability; Indicator bacteria; Great Lakes ID NEARSHORE WATER; INDICATOR BACTERIA; GREAT-LAKES; BEACH SAND; CHLOROPHYTA; GLOMERATA; COMMUNITIES; ENTEROCOCCI; DIVERSITY; SUPERIOR AB High concentrations of Escherichia coli in mats of Cladophora in the Great Lakes have raised concern over the continued use of this bacterium as an indicator of microbial water quality. Determining the impacts of these environmentally abundant E. coli, however, necessitates a better understanding of their ecology. In this study, the population structure of 4285 Cladophora-borne E. coli isolates, obtained over multiple three day periods from Lake Michigan Cladophora mats in 2007-2009, was examined by using DNA fingerprint analyses. In contrast to previous studies that have been done using isolates from attached Cladophora obtained over large time scales and distances, the extensive sampling done here on free-floating mats over successive days at multiple sites provided a large dataset that allowed for a detailed examination of changes in population structure over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. While Cladophora-borne E. coli populations were highly diverse and consisted of many unique isolates, multiple clonal groups were also present and accounted for approximately 33% of all isolates examined. Patterns in population structure were also evident. At the broadest scales, E. coli populations showed some temporal clustering when examined by year, but did not show good spatial distinction among sites. E. coli population structure also showed significant patterns at much finer temporal scales. Populations were distinct on an individual mat basis at a given site, and on individual days within a single mat. Results of these studies indicate that Cladophora-borne E. coli populations consist of a mixture of stable, and possibly naturalized, strains that persist during the life of the mat, and more unique, transient strains that can change over rapid time scales. It is clear that further study of microbial processes at fine spatial and temporal scales is needed, and that caution must be taken when interpolating short term microbial dynamics from results obtained from weekly or monthly samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Badgley, Brian D.; Ferguson, John; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Badgley, Brian D.; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Heuvel, Amy Vanden; Kleinheinz, Gregory T.; McDermott, Colleen M.; Sandrin, Todd R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Kinzelman, Julie; Junion, Emily A.] City Racine Hlth Dept, Racine, WI USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Sadowsky@umn.edu RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 FU University of Wisconsin; University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX This study was supported, in part, from grants from the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Research Program and from the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (to MJS). This article is contribution number 1607 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.041 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 714EO UT WOS:000286790500031 PM 20851450 ER PT S AU Kharaka, YK Drennan, DM AF Kharaka, Yousif K. Drennan, Dina M. BE Scozzari, A ElMansouri, B TI Geologic Storage of CO2 to Mitigate Global Warming and Related Water Resources Issues SO WATER SECURITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: AN INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT, CONTROL, AND GOVERNANCE APPROACHES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Security - Water Security, Management and Control CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Marrakech, MOROCCO SP NATO DE Geologic storage; GHG; Global warming; Water resources ID DEEP-SALINE AQUIFERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CAPACITY ESTIMATION; BRINE AQUIFER; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-SEA; SEQUESTRATION; INJECTION; SITE; USA AB Global warming and resulting climate changes are arguably the most important environmental challenges facing the world in this century. Average global temperature is now approximately 0.8 degrees C higher than during pre-industrial times, and is projected to increase by 2-6 degrees C by 2100. Related climate changes with potential adverse environmental impacts may include: (i) sea-level rise from the alpine glaciers and ice sheets melting and from the ocean thermal expansion; (ii) increased frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, tropical storms and wildfires; and (iii) changes in the amount, timing, and distribution of rain, snow, and runoff. Results from global simulation modeling indicate that parts of both the southwestern USA and North Africa would experience increased drought frequency and water stress in the coming decades; model predictions indicate that precipitation in these two regions will decrease by about 20% by 2050. There is a broad scientific consensus that global warming and related climate changes are caused primarily by increased concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG), especially CO2, emitted from the burning of fossil fuels. The amount of anthropogenic CO2 currently added to the atmosphere is about 30 billion ton/year, and this could double by 2050. Capture and sequestration of CO2 in depleted petroleum fields and saline aquifers in sedimentary basins is one plausible option to reduce GHG emissions and mitigate global warming. Currently there are five commercial projects that capture and inject about seven million tons of CO2 annually; data from these, from enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations and from pilot sites provide valuable experience for assessing the efficacy of carbon capture and sequestration. Detailed chemical and isotopic analyses of water, associated gases, and added tracers obtained from Frio field tests, Texas, proved powerful tools in: (i) tracking the successful injection and flow of CO2 in the "C" sandstone; (ii) detecting some leakage of CO2 into the overlying "B" sandstone; (iii) showing mobilization of metals and toxic organic compounds; (iv) showing major changes in chemical and isotopic compositions of formation water, including a dramatic drop in calculated brine pH, from 6.3 to 3.0. Significant isotopic and chemical changes were also observed in shallow groundwater following CO2 injection at the ZERT field site, Montana. These field tests indicate that highly sensitive chemical and isotopic tracers can effectively monitor injection performance and provide early detection of CO2 and brine leakages into potable groundwater. C1 [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Drennan, Dina M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-1625-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 129 EP 152 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1623-0_10 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBV58 UT WOS:000308343800010 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA AF Middleton, Beth A. BE LePage, BA TI Multidisciplinary Approaches to Climate Change Questions SO WETLANDS: INTEGRATING MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONCEPTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Multidisciplinary approaches are required to address the complex environmental problems of our time. Solutions to climate change problems are good examples of situations requiring complex syntheses of ideas from a vast set of disciplines including science, engineering, social science, and the humanities. Unfortunately, most ecologists have narrow training, and are not equipped to bring their environmental skills to the table with interdisciplinary teams to help solve multidisciplinary problems. To address this problem, new graduate training programs and workshops sponsored by various organizations are providing opportunities for scientists and others to learn to work together in multidisciplinary teams. Two examples of training in multidisciplinary thinking include those organized by the Santa Fe Institute and Dahlem Workshops. In addition, many interdisciplinary programs have had successes in providing insight into climate change problems including the International Panel on Climate Change, the Joint North American Carbon Program, the National Academy of Science Research Grand Challenges Initiatives, and the National Academy of Science. These programs and initiatives have had some notable success in outlining some of the problems and solutions to climate change. Scientists who can offer their specialized expertise to interdisciplinary teams will be more successful in helping to solve the complex problems related to climate change. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-94-007-0550-0 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0551-7_7 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0551-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDF35 UT WOS:000313004700008 ER PT S AU Conrow, R Lowe, EF Coveney, MF Rauschenberger, RH Masson, G AF Conrow, Roxanne Lowe, Edgar F. Coveney, Michael F. Rauschenberger, R. Heath Masson, Greg BE Elliott, JE Bishop, CA Morrissey, CA TI Restoration of Lake Apopka's North Shore Marsh: High Hopes, Tough Times, and Persistent Progress SO WILDLIFE ECOTOXICOLOGY: FORENSIC APPROACHES SE Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The story of Lake Apopka is a familiar one to many Floridians and has gained international notoriety. The 12,500-ha lake was once a world-class bass fishery. Then, a century-long decline occurred, traced to the loss of over 8,000 ha of wetlands to farming operations, agricultural discharges laden with phosphorus to the lake, treated wastewater discharges, and input from citrus processing plants. The state of Florida and the Federal Government purchased the property with the goal of restoring the aquatic habitat. Shortly after flooding in the winter of 1998-1999, a bird mortality event occurred, resulting in the deaths of 676 birds, primarily American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), and also including 43 endangered wood storks (Mycteria americana), 58 great blue herons (Ardea herodias), and 34 great egrets (Casmerodius albus). The deaths of the birds, attributed to pesticide toxicosis, resulted in years of research and remediation to ensure the future safety of wildlife on the property. Presently, about 3,000 ha of wetlands have been rehydrated since resuming restoration activities, with no adverse effects to wildlife. The following chapter presents the history of Lake Apopka, the efforts to restore it, and what we have learned along the way. C1 [Conrow, Roxanne; Lowe, Edgar F.; Coveney, Michael F.] St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. [Masson, Greg] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Rauschenberger, R. Heath] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, N Florida Ecol Serv Field Off, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. RP Conrow, R (reprint author), St Johns River Water Management Dist, POB 1429, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. EM rconrow@sjrwmd.com; elowe@sjrwmd.com; mcoveney@sjrwmd.com; Heath_Rauschenberger@fws.gov; Greg_Masson@fws.gov NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1868-1344 BN 978-0-387-89431-7 J9 EMERG TOP ECOTOXICOL JI Emrg. Top. Ecotox. PY 2011 VL 3 BP 189 EP 211 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89432-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89432-4 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BYV31 UT WOS:000300582100007 ER PT J AU Reed, RN Hart, KM Rodda, GH Mazzotti, FJ Snow, RW Cherkiss, M Rozar, R Goetz, S AF Reed, Robert N. Hart, Kristen M. Rodda, Gordon H. Mazzotti, Frank J. Snow, Ray W. Cherkiss, Michael Rozar, Ronald Goetz, Scott TI A field test of attractant traps for invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) in southern Florida SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BROWN TREESNAKES; SIZE; GUAM AB Context. Invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) are established over thousands of square kilometres of southern Florida, USA, and consume a wide range of native vertebrates. Few tools are available to control the python population, and none of the available tools have been validated in the field to assess capture success as a proportion of pythons available to be captured. Aims. Our primary aim was to conduct a trap trial for capturing invasive pythons in an area east of Everglades National Park, where many pythons had been captured in previous years, to assess the efficacy of traps for population control. We also aimed to compare results of visual surveys with trap capture rates, to determine capture rates of non-target species, and to assess capture rates as a proportion of resident pythons in the study area. Methods. We conducted a medium-scale (6053 trap nights) experiment using two types of attractant traps baited with live rats in the Frog Pond area east of Everglades National Park. We also conducted standardised and opportunistic visual surveys in the trapping area. Following the trap trial, the area was disc harrowed to expose pythons and allow calculation of an index of the number of resident pythons. Key results. We captured three pythons and 69 individuals of various rodent, amphibian, and reptile species in traps. Eleven pythons were discovered during disc harrowing operations, as were large numbers of rodents. Conclusions. The trap trial captured a relatively small proportion of the pythons that appeared to be present in the study area, although previous research suggests that trap capture rates improve with additional testing of alternative trap designs. Potential negative impacts to non-target species were minimal. Low python capture rates may have been associated with extremely high local prey abundances during the trap experiment. Implications. Results of this trial illustrate many of the challenges in implementing and interpreting results from tests of control tools for large cryptic predators such as Burmese pythons. C1 [Reed, Robert N.; Rodda, Gordon H.; Rozar, Ronald; Goetz, Scott] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie Field Off, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Cherkiss, Michael] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Snow, Ray W.] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Reed, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM reedr@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service; South Florida Water Management District FX Research and collecting permits were issued by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the South Florida Water Management District, and research methods were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center. Funding was provided by the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science program of the US Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the South Florida Water Management District. We thank G. R. Best and L. Rodgers for facilitating this project, J. Borek for post-trapping agricultural treatment, and J. Beauchamp, M. Cook, M. Denton, S. Dewees, Y. Escribano, T. Hill, B. Jeffery, T. Kieckhefer, E. Larrivee, M. Miller, M. Rochford, T. Walters, and A. Wolf for assistance with fieldwork, data management, and/or assistance with graphics. G. D. Wylie and M. E. Dorcas provided valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 101 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1071/WR10202 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 752ZB UT WOS:000289732900003 ER PT J AU Tripp, KM Verstegen, JP Deutsch, CJ Bonde, RK de Wit, M Manire, CA Gaspard, J Harr, KE AF Tripp, Kathleen M. Verstegen, John P. Deutsch, Charles J. Bonde, Robert K. de Wit, Martine Manire, Charles A. Gaspard, Joseph Harr, Kendal E. TI Evaluation of Adrenocortical Function in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACTH; cortisol; glucocorticoid; marine mammal; stress ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; STRESS; VALIDATION; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; REPRODUCTION; INDICATORS; REGRESSION; PHYSIOLOGY; ELEPHANTS AB The study objectives were to determine the predominant manatee glucocorticoid; validate assays to measure this glucocorticoid and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH); determine diagnostic thresholds to distinguish physiological vs. pathological concentrations; identify differences associated with sex, age class, female reproductive status, capture time, and lactate; and determine the best methods for manatee biologists and clinicians to diagnose stress. Cortisol is the predominant manatee glucocorticoid. IMMULITE 1000 assays for cortisol and ACTH were validated. Precision yielded intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for serum cortisol: <= 23.5 and <= 16.7%; and ACTH: <= 6.9 and <= 8.5%. Accuracy resulted in a mean adjusted R-2 >= 0.87 for serum cortisol and >= 0.96 for ACTH. Assay analytical sensitivities for cortisol (0.1 mu g/dl) and ACTH (10.0 pg/ml) were verified. Methods were highly correlated with another IMMULITE 1000 for serum cortisol (r = 50.97) and ACTH (r = 50.98). There was no significant variation in cortisol or ACTH with sex or age class and no correlation with female progesterone concentrations. Cortisol concentrations were highest in unhealthy manatees, chronically stressed by disease or injury. ACTH was greatest in healthy free-ranging or short-term rehabilitating individuals, peracutely stressed by capture and handling. Cortisol concentrations >= 1.0 mu g/dl were diagnostic of chronic stress; ACTH concentrations >= 87.5 pg/ml were diagnostic of peracute stress. In healthy long-term captive manatees, cortisol (0.4 +/- 0.2 mu g/dl) and ACTH (47.7 +/- 15.9 pg/ml) concentrations were lower than healthy free-ranging, short-term rehabilitated or unhealthy manatees. Capture time was not significantly correlated with cortisol; ACTH correlation was borderline significant. Cortisol and ACTH were positively correlated with lactate. Zoo Biol 30: 17-31, 2011. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Tripp, Kathleen M.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Gainesville, FL USA. [Verstegen, John P.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med LACS, Gainesville, FL USA. [Deutsch, Charles J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Wildlife Res Lab, Gainesville, FL USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL USA. [de Wit, Martine] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Marine Mammal Pathobiol Lab, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Manire, Charles A.] Atlantis Resort, Paradise Isl, Bahamas. [Gaspard, Joseph] Mote Marine Lab & Aquarium, Sarasota, FL USA. [Harr, Kendal E.] Idexx Labs Inc, Langley, BC, Canada. RP Tripp, KM (reprint author), Save Manatee Club, 500 N Maitland Ave, Maitland, FL 32751 USA. EM ktripp@savethemanatee.org OI Harr, Kendal/0000-0001-5390-3586; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) [MA773494-8, MA791721, MA067116-0]; University of Florida IACUC [D956, 06-10-KT1]; FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute FX Samples were collected under United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Permit Nos. MA773494-8 (FWC-FWRI) and MA791721 (USGS Sirenia Project). Serum was analyzed at the University of Florida under USFWS permit No. MA067116-0 and with University of Florida IACUC approval No. D956. The Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium sampling was completed under IACUC approval from that institution (registration number: 06-10-KT1). Mention of trademarks or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. or State Governments.; Grant sponsor: United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Grant numbers: MA773494-8 (FWC-FWRI); MA791721 (USGS Sirenia Project); # MA067116-0; Grant sponsors: IACUC; FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0733-3188 EI 1098-2361 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1002/zoo.20311 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 724UL UT WOS:000287601600003 PM 20187090 ER PT J AU Murphy, RW Berry, KH Edwards, T Leviton, AE Lathrop, A Riedle, JD AF Murphy, Robert W. Berry, Kristin H. Edwards, Taylor Leviton, Alan E. Lathrop, Amy Riedle, J. Daren TI The dazed and confused identity of Agassiz's land tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Testudines, Testudinidae) with the description of a new species, and its consequences for conservation SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Lectotype; Xerobates; Gopherus lepidocephalus; desert tortoise; recovery units; California; Arizona; Mexico ID NORTH-AMERICAN TORTOISES; SOUTH-CENTRAL ARIZONA; DESERT TORTOISE; GENUS GOPHERUS; SONORAN DESERT; EGG-PRODUCTION; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA AB We investigate a cornucopia of problems associated with the identity of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Cooper). The date of publication is found to be 1861, rather than 1863. Only one of the three original cotypes exists, and it is designated as the lectotype of the species. Another cotype is found to have been destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and subsequent fire. The third is lost. The lectotype is genetically confirmed to be from California, and not Arizona, USA as sometimes reported. Maternally, the holotype of G. lepidocephalus (Ottley & Velazques Solis. 1989) from the Cape Region of Baja California Sur, Mexico is also from the Mojavian population of the desert tortoise, and not from Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico as previously proposed. A suite of characters serve to diagnose tortoises west and north of the Colorado River, the Mojavian population, from those east and south of the river in Arizona, USA, and Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, the Sonoran population. Species recognition is warranted and because G. lepidocephalus is from the Mojavian population, no names are available for the Sonoran species. Thus, a new species, Gopherus morafkai sp. n., is named and this action reduces the distribution of G. agassizii to only 30% of its former range. This reduction has important implications for the conservation and protection of G. agassizii, which may deserve a higher level of protection. C1 [Murphy, Robert W.; Lathrop, Amy] Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Murphy, Robert W.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Genet Resources & Evolut, Kunming Inst Zool, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Edwards, Taylor] Univ Arizona Genet Core, Arizona Res Labs, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Leviton, Alan E.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Herpetol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Riedle, J. Daren] Lincoln Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. RP Murphy, RW (reprint author), Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, 100 Queens Pk, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. EM bob.murphy@utoronto.ca OI Murphy, Robert/0000-0001-8555-2338 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [A3148]; University of California, Los Angeles (Ken Nagy); California State University Dominguez Hills (David Morafka), Fort Irwin; Edwards Air Force Base; Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center - Twentynine Palms (Brian Henen); U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Jose Rosado (MCZ, Harvard), Pat Holroyd (UCMP) and Ted Daeschler (ANSP, Philadelphia) for checking their collection records for the missing syntypes. Jack Sites, Jr. provided tissue samples of the holotype of G. lepidocephalus and George R. Zug and Robert P. Reynolds did the same for the lectotype of G. agassizii; their services to science are exemplary. Chunmei Huang assisted with locating obscure literature. Sylvia Morafka graciously offered her home in support of our research at the California Academy of Sciences. Christina Davy, Ross MacCulloch, Peter Paul van Dyke, Brian Henen, and Trip Lamb provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Jens Vindum (CAS) provided on-site space and access to the Academy's collections of G. agassizii for study, and Addison Wynn (USNM) arranged for us to examine and photograph the syntype of Xerobates agassizii. Laboratory research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant A3148 to RWM. Fieldwork and travel was supported by contracts from University of California, Los Angeles (Ken Nagy), California State University Dominguez Hills (David Morafka), Fort Irwin (William Quillman), Edwards Air Force Base (Mark Hagan and Mark Bratton), the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center - Twentynine Palms (Brian Henen), and the U.S. Geological Survey (to KHB). This manuscript is contribution No. 2011-01 from the Cooperative Research Programs, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri. Tissue samples were shipped from the USA to Canada using CITES Exempt Permits issued to BYU, USNM and ROM. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 85 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 31 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 113 BP 39 EP 71 DI 10.3897/zookeys.113.1353 PG 33 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 809XI UT WOS:000294089600002 PM 21976992 ER PT J AU Mooney, WD Kaban, MK AF Mooney, Walter D. Kaban, Mikhail K. TI The North American upper mantle: Density, composition, and evolution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL UPPER-MANTLE; EXPERIMENTAL ISOSTASY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; HEAT-FLOW; CRATONIC LITHOSPHERE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; THERMAL STRUCTURE; WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; CRUSTAL MODEL AB The upper mantle of North America has been well studied using various seismic methods. Here we investigate the density structure of the North American (NA) upper mantle based on the integrative use of the gravity field and seismic data. The basis of our study is the removal of the gravitational effect of the crust to determine the mantle gravity anomalies. The effect of the crust is removed in three steps by subtracting the gravitational contributions of (1) topography and bathymetry, (2) low-density sedimentary accumulations, and (3) the three-dimensional density structure of the crystalline crust as determined by seismic observations. Information regarding sedimentary accumulations, including thickness and density, are taken from published maps and summaries of borehole measurements of densities; the seismic structure of the crust is based on a recent compilation, with layer densities estimated from P-wave velocities. The resultant mantle gravity anomaly map shows a pronounced negative anomaly (-50 to -400 mGal) beneath western North America and the adjacent oceanic region and positive anomalies (+50 to +350 mGal) east of the NA Cordillera. This pattern reflects the well-known division of North America into the stable eastern region and the tectonically active western region. The close correlation of large-scale features of the mantle anomaly map with those of the topographic map indicates that a significant amount of the topographic uplift in western NA is due to buoyancy in the hot upper mantle, a conclusion supported by previous investigations. To separate the contributions of mantle temperature anomalies from mantle compositional anomalies, we apply an additional correction to the mantle anomaly map for the thermal structure of the uppermost mantle. The thermal model is based on the conversion of seismic shear-wave velocities to temperature and is consistent with mantle temperatures that are independently estimated from heat flow and heat production data. The thermally corrected mantle density map reveals density anomalies that are chiefly due to compositional variations. These compositional density anomalies cause gravitational anomalies that reach similar to 250 mGal. A pronounced negative anomaly (-50 to -200 mGal) is found over the Canadian shield, which is consistent with chemical depletion and a corresponding low density of the lithospheric mantle, also referred to as the mantle tectosphere. The strongest positive anomaly is coincident with the Gulf of Mexico and indicates a positive density anomaly in the upper mantle, possibly an eclogite layer that has caused subsidence in the Gulf. Two linear positive anomalies are also seen south of 40 degrees N: one with a NE-SW trend in the eastern United States, roughly coincident with the Grenville-Appalachians, and a second with a NW-SE trend beneath the states of Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. These anomalies are interpreted as being due to (1) the presence of remnants of an oceanic slab in the upper mantle beneath the Grenville-Appalachian suture and (2) mantle thickening caused by a period of shallow, flat subduction during the Laramie orogeny, respectively. Based on these geophysical results, the evolution of the NA upper mantle is depicted in a series of maps and cartoons that display the primary processes that have formed and modified the NA crust and lithospheric upper mantle. C1 [Kaban, Mikhail K.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14478 Potsdam, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A17, D-14478 Potsdam, Germany. EM mooney@usgs.gov FU USGS; German Geosciences Research Center (GFZ), Potsdam; German Research Society [RO-2330/4-1/2] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHERP) and the German Geosciences Research Center (GFZ), Potsdam, and German Research Society grantRO-2330/4-1/2. This paper has was improved by review comments provided by F. Pollitz, S. Detweiler, G. S. Chulick, and journal editor R. Nowack, as well as two anonymous reviewers. NR 101 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12424 DI 10.1029/2010JB000866 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701QR UT WOS:000285837900003 ER PT J AU Peng, ZG Hill, DP Shelly, DR Aiken, C AF Peng, Zhigang Hill, David P. Shelly, David R. Aiken, Chastity TI Remotely triggered microearthquakes and tremor in central California following the 2010 M-w 8.8 Chile earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COSO GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; SEISMICITY; STRESS AB We examine remotely triggered microearthquakes and tectonic tremor in central California following the 2010 M-w 8.8 Chile earthquake. Several microearthquakes near the Coso Geothermal Field were apparently triggered, with the largest earthquake (M-l 3.5) occurring during the large-amplitude Love surface waves. The Chile mainshock also triggered numerous tremor bursts near the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas Fault (SAF). The locally triggered tremor bursts are partially masked at lower frequencies by the regionally triggered earthquake signals from Coso, but can be identified by applying high-pass or matched filters. Both triggered tremor along the SAF and the M-l 3.5 earthquake in Coso are consistent with frictional failure at different depths on critically-stressed faults under the Coulomb failure criteria. The triggered tremor, however, appears to be more phase-correlated with the surface waves than the triggered earthquakes, likely reflecting differences in constitutive properties between the brittle, seismogenic crust and the underlying lower crust. Citation: Peng, Z., D. P. Hill, D. R. Shelly, and C. Aiken (2010), Remotely triggered microearthquakes and tremor in central California following the 2010 Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24312, doi:10.1029/2010GL045462. C1 [Peng, Zhigang; Aiken, Chastity] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hill, David P.; Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Peng, ZG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0809834, EAR-0956051] FX We thank Wei-Chuang Huang at the Naval Weapons Laboratory at China Lake and Wenzheng Yang at the Caltech Seismolab for information on the focal mechanisms for the Ml 3.5 Coso earthquake. We also thank Justin Rubinstein, Joan Gomberg, and two anonymous referees for constructive reviews. Z.P. and C. A. were supported by the National Science Foundation through awards EAR-0809834 and EAR-0956051. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L24312 DI 10.1029/2010GL045462 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 701RQ UT WOS:000285840700002 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP Howard, KA Fleck, RJ Wooden, JL AF Colgan, Joseph P. Howard, Keith A. Fleck, Robert J. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Rapid middle Miocene extension and unroofing of the southern Ruby Mountains, Nevada SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; EAST HUMBOLDT RANGE; LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; NORTHEASTERN NEVADA; TECTONOTHERMAL EVOLUTION; HELIUM DIFFUSION; (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; TERTIARY EXTENSION; SEVIER HINTERLAND AB Paleozoic rocks in the northern Ruby Mountains were metamorphosed during Mesozoic crustal shortening and Cenozoic magmatism, but equivalent strata in the southern Ruby Mountains were never buried deeper than stratigraphic depths prior to exhumation in the footwall of a west dipping brittle normal fault. In the southern Ruby Mountains, Miocene sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall of this fault date from 15.2 to 11.6 Ma and contain abundant detritus from the Paleozoic section. Apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He samples of the Eocene Harrison Pass pluton record rapid cooling that peaked ca. 17-15 Ma, while apatite fission track data from Jurassic plutons east and west of the southern Ruby Mountains indicate near-surface temperatures (<60 degrees C) since the Cretaceous. We interpret these data to record rapid unroofing of the southern Ruby Mountains during slip on the west dipping brittle detachment between 17-16 and 10-12 Ma, followed by minor high-angle faulting. We interpret published Oligocene to early Miocene K-Ar biotite and zircon fission track dates from the Harrison Pass pluton to be partially reset rather than to directly record fault slip. Our new data, together with published data on the distribution and composition of Miocene basin fill, suggest that rapid middle Miocene slip took place on the west dipping brittle detachment that bounds the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range for 150 km along strike. This fault was thus active during a period of rapid extension (ca. 17-15 to 12-10 Ma) documented widely across the northern Basin and Range Province. Citation: Colgan, J. P., K. A. Howard, R. J. Fleck, and J. L. Wooden (2010), Rapid middle Miocene extension and unroofing of the southern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, Tectonics, 29, TC6022, doi: 10.1029/2009TC002655. C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.; Howard, Keith A.; Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 FU USGS FX This project was funded by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to J. Colgan. Tim Lawton at New Mexico State University generously loaned us a copy of Stanford University's unpublished 1978 field map. We are grateful for laboratory assistance from James Metcalf, Julie Fosdick, and Trevor Dumitru at Stanford University, Jeremy Hourigan and Rob Franks at University of California Santa Cruz, and Andrew Calvert at the USGS. David John, Chris Henry, Trevor Dumitru, Constance Nutt, and Andrew Calvert reviewed early versions of the manuscript, and the final version was greatly improved following thorough reviews by Art Snoke and Mike Wells. NR 113 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 29 AR TC6022 DI 10.1029/2009TC002655 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701QN UT WOS:000285837300002 ER PT J AU James, AL McDonnell, JJ Tromp-van Meerveld, I Peters, NE AF James, April L. McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Tromp-van Meerveld, Ilja Peters, Norman E. TI Gypsies in the palace: experimentalist's view on the use of 3-D physics-based simulation of hillslope hydrological response SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hillslope model; bedrock permeability; threshold; effective parameters; sub-surface flow; TOUGH2 ID WATER-RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS; WEATHERED GRANITIC BEDROCK; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNCHANNELED CATCHMENT; SUBSURFACE FLOW; MULTIPHASE FLOW; COOS-BAY; MODEL; SCALE AB As a fundamental unit of the landscape, hillslopes are studied for their retention and release of water and nutrients across a wide range of ecosystems. The understanding of these near-surface processes is relevant to issues of runoff generation, groundwater-surface water interactions, catchment export of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, contaminants (e. g. mercury) and ultimately surface water health. We develop a 3-D physics-based representation of the Panola Mountain Research Watershed experimental hillslope using the TOUGH2 sub-surface flow and transport simulator. A recent investigation of sub-surface flow within this experimental hillslope has generated important knowledge of threshold rainfall-runoff response and its relation to patterns of transient water table development. This work has identified components of the 3-D sub-surface, such as bedrock topography, that contribute to changing connectivity in saturated zones and the generation of sub-surface stormflow. Here, we test the ability of a 3-D hillslope model (both calibrated and uncalibrated) to simulate forested hillslope rainfall-runoff response and internal transient sub-surface stormflow dynamics. We also provide a transparent illustration of physics-based model development, issues of parameterization, examples of model rejection and usefulness of data types (e.g. runoff, mean soil moisture and transient water table depth) to the model enterprise. Our simulations show the inability of an uncalibrated model based on laboratory and field characterization of soil properties and topography to successfully simulate the integrated hydrological response or the distributed water table within the soil profile. Although not an uncommon result, the failure of the field-based characterized model to represent system behaviour is an important challenge that continues to vex scientists at many scales. We focus our attention particularly on examining the influence of bedrock permeability, soil anisotropy and drainable porosity on the development of patterns of transient groundwater and sub-surface flow. Internal dynamics of transient water table development prove to be essential in determining appropriate model parameterization. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [James, April L.] Nipissing Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, N Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB23 3UF, Scotland. [Tromp-van Meerveld, Ilja] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 4Z1, Canada. [Peters, Norman E.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP James, AL (reprint author), Nipissing Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, N Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. EM aprilj@nipissingu.ca RI van Meerveld, Ilja/C-5146-2011; James, April/D-1415-2012 OI van Meerveld, Ilja/0000-0002-7547-3270; NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 26 BP 3878 EP 3893 DI 10.1002/hyp.7819 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 693VZ UT WOS:000285254800010 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Svarc, JL AF Savage, J. C. Svarc, J. L. TI Postseismic relaxation following the 1994 M(w)6.7 Northridge earthquake, southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID STRAIN ACCUMULATION; DEFORMATION; AFTERSHOCK; GPS AB We have reexamined the postearthquake deformation of a 65 km long linear array of 11 geodetic monuments extending north-south across the rupture (reverse slip on a blind thrust dipping 40 degrees S-20 degrees W) associated with the 1994 M(w)6.7 Northridge earthquake. That array was surveyed frequently in the interval from 4 to 2650 days after the earthquake. The velocity of each of the monuments over the interval 100-2650 days postearthquake appears to be constant. Moreover, the profile of those velocities along the length of the array is very similar to a preearthquake velocity profile for a nearby, similarly oriented array. We take this to indicate that significant postseismic relaxation is evident only in the first 100 days postseismic and that the subsequent linear trend is typical of the interseismic interval. The postseismic relaxation (postseismic displacement less displacement that would have occurred at the preseismic velocity) is found to be almost wholly parallel (N70 degrees W) to the nearby (40 km) San Andreas Fault with only negligible relaxation in the direction of coseismic slip (N20 degrees E) on the Northridge rupture. We suggest that the N70 degrees W relaxation is caused by aseismic, right-lateral slip at depth on the San Andreas Fault, excess slip presumably triggered by the Northridge rupture. Finally, using the Dieterich (1994) stress-seismicity relation, we show that return to the preseismic deformation rate within 100 days following the earthquake could be consistent with the cumulative number of M > 2.5 earthquakes observed following the main shock. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Svarc, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 970,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov; jsvarc@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12420 DI 10.1029/2010JB007754 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 699BY UT WOS:000285640100005 ER PT J AU O'Neel, S Larsen, CF Rupert, N Hansen, R AF O'Neel, Shad Larsen, Christopher F. Rupert, Natalia Hansen, Roger TI Iceberg calving as a primary source of regional-scale glacier-generated seismicity in the St. Elias Mountains, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA GLACIER; SOUTHERN ALASKA; BERING GLACIER; ICEQUAKES; USA; GORNERGLETSCHER; SWITZERLAND; DYNAMICS AB Since the installation of the Alaska Regional Seismic Network in the 1970s, data analysts have noted nontectonic seismic events thought to be related to glacier dynamics. While loose associations with the glaciers of the St. Elias Mountains have been made, no detailed study of the source locations has been undertaken. We performed a two-step investigation surrounding these events, beginning with manual locations that guided an automated detection and event sifting routine. Results from the manual investigation highlight characteristics of the seismic waveforms including single-peaked (narrowband) spectra, emergent onsets, lack of distinct phase arrivals, and a predominant cluster of locations near the calving termini of several neighboring tidewater glaciers. Through these locations, comparison with previous work, analyses of waveform characteristics, frequency-magnitude statistics and temporal patterns in seismicity, we suggest calving as a source for the seismicity. Statistical properties and time series analysis of the event catalog suggest a scale-invariant process that has no single or simple forcing. These results support the idea that calving is often a response to short-lived or localized stress perturbations. Our results demonstrate the utility of passive seismic instrumentation to monitor relative changes in the rate and magnitude of iceberg calving at tidewater glaciers that may be volatile or susceptible to ensuing rapid retreat, especially when existing seismic infrastructure can be used. C1 [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Larsen, Christopher F.; Rupert, Natalia; Hansen, Roger] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP O'Neel, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM soneel@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-0607872]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography Green; USGS FX This work was supported in part by the NSF geophysics program (EAR-0607872). Additional support came from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Green's Scholar program as well as the USGS Glaciology Program. Laura LeBlanc helped with assembly of the calibration set. Substantial improvements can be credited to conversations with Jason Amundson, Dan McNamara, and Stephanie Prejean. Reviews by Bernd Kulessa, Josh Richardson, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved clarity. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR F04034 DI 10.1029/2009JF001598 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699AR UT WOS:000285636800001 ER PT J AU Day-Lewis, A Zoback, M Hickman, S AF Day-Lewis, Amy Zoback, Mark Hickman, Stephen TI Scale-invariant stress orientations and seismicity rates near the San Andreas Fault SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KM DEPTH; B-VALUE; CRYSTALLINE ROCK; CAJON PASS; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; FRACTURES; PARKFIELD; STRENGTH; KTB AB We analyzed measurements of the direction of maximum horizontal compressive stress as a function of depth in two scientific research wells near the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California. We found that the stress orientations exhibit scale-invariant fluctuations over intervals from tens of cm to several km. Similarity between the scaling of the stress orientation fluctuations and the scaling of earthquake frequency with fault size suggests that these fluctuations are controlled by stress perturbations caused by slip on faults of various sizes in the critically-stressed crust adjacent to the fault. The apparent difference in stress scaling parameters between the two studies wells seem to correspond to differences in the earthquake magnitude-frequency statistics for the creeping versus locked sections of the fault along which these two wells are located. This suggests that stress heterogeneity adjacent to active faults like the San Andreas may reflect variations in stresses and loading conditions along the fault. Citation: Day-Lewis, A., M. Zoback, and S. Hickman (2010), Scale-invariant stress orientations and seismicity rates near the San Andreas Fault, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24304, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045025. C1 [Day-Lewis, Amy; Zoback, Mark] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 95305 USA. [Hickman, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Day-Lewis, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Mitchell Bldg,397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 95305 USA. EM zoback@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation; Stanford Rock and Borehole Geophysics Project; U.S. Geological Survey; Society of Exploration Geophysicists Foundation; Society of Professional Well Log Analysts FX The authors thank Gadi Shamir (Ministry of National Infrastructures, Israel) for providing data and Brad Aagaard and Art McGarr of the U. S. Geological Survey for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Earthscope Program, the Stanford Rock and Borehole Geophysics Project, and the U.S. Geological Survey's Earthquake Hazards Program. A. D. L. appreciates support from the Society of Exploration Geophysicists Foundation and the Society of Professional Well Log Analysts. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L24304 DI 10.1029/2010GL045025 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699BK UT WOS:000285638700001 ER PT J AU Buczkowski, DL Murchie, S Clark, R Seelos, K Seelos, F Malaret, E Hash, C AF Buczkowski, Debra L. Murchie, Scott Clark, Roger Seelos, Kim Seelos, Frank Malaret, Erick Hash, Christopher TI Investigation of an Argyre basin ring structure using Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT BASINS; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; SERPENTINES; MORPHOLOGY; DIVERSITY; SMECTITES; ORIENTALE AB The Argyre basin, a large impact basin in the southern highlands of Mars, excavates early Noachian geologic units and thus is an ideal probe of the compositional layering of ancient highland crust. A ring structure defined by circumferential graben is believed to represent the outermost topographic scarp of the basin. Two distinct layers in the fluvially dissected highland plains unit Npld have been exposed by the ring graben in northwest Argyre: a lower unit enriched in high-calcium pyroxene and an upper unit showing laterally extensive occurrences of phyllosilicates, including chlorite and iron-magnesium smectite. These phyllosilicates closely follow the unit contact between unit Npld and Hpl(3) in this region; the Hesperian-aged Hpl(3) caprock directly covers unit Npld. Two nearby knobs also show phyllosilicate-bearing materials over a high-Ca pyroxene-enriched unit, although the knobs are located in regions mapped as Npl(1) and Nplh. From these observations, we suggest that an extensive layer of phyllosilicates underlying a layer of high-Ca pyroxene-bearing rock existed in the region prior to the Argyre impact. These materials were thrown up by the impact event and deposited as an inverted flap. This inverted flap of ejecta was then cut by the circumferential graben that formed as the transient Argyre crater collapsed, exposing the materials. C1 [Buczkowski, Debra L.; Murchie, Scott; Seelos, Kim; Seelos, Frank] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. [Malaret, Erick; Hash, Christopher] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. RP Buczkowski, DL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM debra.buczkowski@jhuapl.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Seelos, Kimberly/F-4647-2015; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016; Buczkowski, Debra/I-7842-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Seelos, Kimberly/0000-0001-7236-0580; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X; Buczkowski, Debra/0000-0002-4729-7804 NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E12011 DI 10.1029/2009JE003508 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696UI UT WOS:000285466500002 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J AF Gomberg, Joan TI Introduction to special section on Phenomenology, Underlying Processes, and Hazard Implications of Aseismic Slip and Nonvolcanic tremor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SILENT SLIP; SLOW; EARTHQUAKES; CASCADIA; EVENTS; PLATE AB This paper introduces the special section on the "phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor" by highlighting key results of the studies published in it. Many of the results indicate that seismic and aseismic manifestations of slow slip reflect transient shear displacements on the plate interface, with the outstanding exception of northern Cascadia where tremor sources have been located on and above the plate interface (differing models of the plate interface there also need to be reconciled). Slow slip phenomena appear to result from propagating deformation that may develop with persistent gaps and segment boundaries. Results add to evidence that when tectonic deformation is relaxed via slow slip, most relaxation occurs aseismically but with seismic signals providing higher-resolution proxies for the aseismic slip. Instead of two distinct slip modes as suggested previously, lines between "fast" and "slow" slip more appropriately may be described as blurry zones. Results reported also show that slow slip sources do not coincide with a specific temperature or metamorphic reaction. Their associations with zones of high conductivity and low shear to compressional wave velocity ratios corroborate source models involving pore fluid pressure buildup and release. These models and spatial anticorrelations between earthquake and tremor activity also corroborate a linkage between slow slip and frictional properties transitional between steady state and stick-slip. Finally, this special section highlights the benefits of global and multidisciplinary studies, which demonstrate that slow phenomena are not confined to beneath the locked zone but exist in many settings. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B00A00 DI 10.1029/2010JB008052 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696UP UT WOS:000285467200005 ER PT J AU Halstead, BJ Wylie, GD Casazza, ML AF Halstead, Brian J. Wylie, Glenn D. Casazza, Michael L. TI Habitat Suitability and Conservation of the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley of California SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SNAKE NATRIX-MAURA; NICHE FACTOR-ANALYSIS; DELTA NE SPAIN; ECOLOGICAL-NICHE; VIPERINE SNAKE; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; AVAILABILITY; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; DYNAMICS AB Resource managers often have little information regarding the habitat requirements and distribution of rare species. Factor analysis-based habitat suitability models describe the ecological niche of a species and identify locations where these conditions occur on the landscape using existing occurrence data. We used factor analyses to assess the suitability of habitats for Thamnophis gigas (Giant Gartersnake), a rare, threatened species endemic to the Central Valley of California, USA, and to map the locations of habitat suitable for T. gigas in the Sacramento Valley. Factor analyses indicated that the niche of T. gigas is composed of sites near rice agriculture with low stream densities. Sites with high canal densities and near wetlands also appeared suitable, but results for these variables were sensitive to potential sampling bias. In the Sacramento Valley, suitable habitats occur primarily in the central portion of the valley floor. Based upon the results of the factor analyses, recovery planning for T. gigas will require an on-the-ground assessment of the current distribution and abundance of T. gigas, maintaining the few remaining natural wetlands and the practice of rice agriculture in the Sacramento Valley, and studying the effects of agricultural practices and land use changes on populations of T. gigas. C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM bhalstead@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU CALFED; California Waterfowl Association; Natomas Basin Conservancy; Solano County Water Agency; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank P. Gore for administrative assistance and the numerous dedicated field biologists who collected data for this project. The staff at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex, including M. Carpenter, M. Wolder, and J. Isola, were especially helpful in facilitating our sampling efforts. D. Kelly with the Recovery Branch of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided data and insight. C. Rochester and J. Yee provided thoughtful reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by CALFED, the California Waterfowl Association, the Natomas Basin Conservancy, the Solano County Water Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Snakes were handled in accordance with the University of California, Davis, Animal Care and Use Protocol 9699 and as stipulated in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Permit TE-020548-5. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 17 PY 2010 IS 4 BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.1643/CE-09-199 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 700KX UT WOS:000285738800007 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Reist, JD Peacock, E Stirling, I AF Rode, Karyn D. Reist, James D. Peacock, Elizabeth Stirling, Ian TI Comments in response to "Estimating the energetic contribution of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) summer diets to the total energy budget" by Dyck and Kebreab (2009) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE fasting; food intake; polar bears; sea ice; terrestrial foraging ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; GROUND GRIZZLY BEARS; ICE-FREE PERIOD; BLACK BEARS; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; ARCTIC CHARR; BROWN BEARS; SERUM UREA; BODY-SIZE; JAMES BAY AB Dyck and Kebreab (2009) analyzed the required summer intake of arctic char, ringed seal blubber, and berries that polar bears must consume to maintain their body mass during a summer ice-free period. Their calculations of required intake were based on the amount of body mass lost by fasting bears in western Hudson Bay. However, fasting polar bears are in a low metabolic state with energetic requirements less than those of an active, feeding bear. Estimates of energy consumed by captive brown bears were 4-4.5 times higher than the estimates used by Dyck and Kebreab for similar diets. Furthermore, the authors' portrayal of the availability of these resources is misleading because they do not acknowledge limited accessibility of arctic char due to their limited anadromy and predominant occurrence in streams too deep to facilitate efficient capture by polar bears; effects of large interannual fluctuations in the availability of berries or competition with other frugivores; high energetic requirements associated with lengthy foraging times required to locate and consume sufficient fruit; and data from southern Hudson Bay, western Hudson Bay, and the southern Beaufort Sea that document continued declines in several biological indices over the past several decades despite the authors' suggested availability of terrestrially based food resources. Based on current information, arctic char, berries, and ringed seals in open water do not appear to be food sources with the potential to offset the nutritional consequences of an extended ice-free period. DOT: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-399.1. C1 [Rode, Karyn D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Reist, James D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic Fish Ecol & Assessment Res Sect, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Peacock, Elizabeth] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM karyn_rode@fws.gov OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Washington State University FX We thank C. Robbins for reviewing an early draft of the manuscript and V. Sahanatien, A. Derocher, M. Obbard, M. Taylor, and N. Lunn for providing personal observations. Additionally, we thank J. Hupp (United States Geological Survey) and S. Talbot (United States Fish and Wildlife Service) for reviewing and providing additional references. KDR also acknowledges the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and Washington State University, which funded the studies in which data on water depth and efficiency of brown bear fishing were collected. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 29 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1517 EP 1523 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-399.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 697RI UT WOS:000285533100022 ER PT J AU Ordenana, MA Crooks, KR Boydston, EE Fisher, RN Lyren, LM Siudyla, S Haas, CD Harris, S Hathaway, SA Turschak, GM Miles, AK Van Vuren, DH AF Ordenana, Miguel A. Crooks, Kevin R. Boydston, Erin E. Fisher, Robert N. Lyren, Lisa M. Siudyla, Shalene Haas, Christopher D. Harris, Sierra Hathaway, Stacie A. Turschak, Greta M. Miles, A. Keith Van Vuren, Dirk H. TI Effects of urbanization on carnivore species distribution and richness SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE camera trap; mammalian carnivores; richness; southern California; species distribution; urbanization ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; GRAY FOXES; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; AVAILABILITY DATA; VIRGINIA OPOSSUM; NATIONAL-PARK; RURAL ZONES; URBAN; BOBCATS AB Urban development can have multiple effects on mammalian carnivore communities. We conducted a meta-analysis of 7,929 photographs from 217 localities in 11 camera-trap studies across coastal southern California to describe habitat use and determine the effects of urban proximity (distance to urban edge) and intensity (percentage of area urbanized) on carnivore occurrence and species richness in natural habitats close to the urban boundary. Coyotes (Canis latrans) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) were distributed widely across the region. Domestic dogs (Canis lupus fatniliaris), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), raccoons (Procyon lotor), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), mountain lions (Puma concolor), and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were detected less frequently, and long-tailed weasels (Mustela.frenata), American badgers (Taxidea taxi's), western spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis), and domestic cats (Felis catus) were detected rarely. Habitat use generally reflected availability for most species. Coyote and raccoon occurrence increased with both proximity to and intensity of urbanization, whereas bobcat, gray fox, and mountain lion occurrence decreased with urban proximity and intensity. Domestic dogs and Virginia opossums exhibited positive and weak negative relationships, respectively, with urban intensity but were unaffected by urban proximity. Striped skunk occurrence increased with urban proximity but decreased with urban intensity. Native species richness was negatively associated with urban intensity but not urban proximity, probably because of the stronger negative response of individual species to urban intensity. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-312.1. C1 [Ordenana, Miguel A.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boydston, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.; Hathaway, Stacie A.; Turschak, Greta M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Siudyla, Shalene] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Haas, Christopher D.] SWCA Environm Consultants, Broomfield, CO 80021 USA. [Harris, Sierra] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Miles, A. Keith] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ordenana, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ordenana@gmail.com FU California State Polytechnic University Pomona; Colorado State University; San Diego State University; University of California San Diego; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of California Davis; United States Geological Survey; California Department of Fish and Game; California Department of Transportation; City of San Diego; City of Irvine; City of Poway; Conservation Biology Institute; Irvine Company; Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Nature Conservancy; Nature Reserve of Orange County; Orange County Great Park Corporation; Puente Hills Landfill Native Habitat Preservation Authority; Seaver Foundation; Transportation Corridor Agencies FX We thank the following institutions for their support throughout the project: California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Colorado State University, San Diego State University, University of California San Diego, University of California Santa Cruz, and University of Wisconsin Madison. We especially thank the University of California Davis and the United States Geological Survey for their substantial logistical and financial support. T. Smith provided invaluable guidance and assistance with field surveys, and N. Willits, C. Burdett, and J. Tracey provided useful advice on statistical and geographic information system analyses. J. Minjares and B. Cohen were also instrumental in helping us find critical geographic information system layers. R. Klinger and S. Roberts provided thoughtful reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. Finally, we thank the field assistants who helped on each project and the land owners who granted us permission to access their property. California Department of Fish and Game, California Department of Transportation, City of San Diego, City of Irvine, City of Poway, Conservation Biology Institute, The Irvine Company, Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The Nature Conservancy, The Nature Reserve of Orange County, Orange County Great Park Corporation, Puente Hills Landfill Native Habitat Preservation Authority, Seaver Foundation, and Transportation Corridor Agencies provided financial and logistical support for this project. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 65 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 32 U2 253 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1322 EP 1331 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-312.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 697RI UT WOS:000285533100002 ER PT J AU Amstrup, SC DeWeaver, ET Douglas, DC Marcot, BG Durner, GM Bitz, CM Bailey, DA AF Amstrup, Steven C. DeWeaver, Eric T. Douglas, David C. Marcot, Bruce G. Durner, George M. Bitz, Cecilia M. Bailey, David A. TI Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE COMMITMENT; SYSTEM; 21ST-CENTURY; CONSERVATION; POLICY; CCSM3 AB On the basis of projected losses of their essential sea-ice habitats, a United States Geological Survey research team concluded in 2007 that two-thirds of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) could disappear by mid-century if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue(1-3). That projection, however, did not consider the possible benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation. A key question is whether temperature increases lead to proportional losses of sea-ice habitat, or whether sea-ice cover crosses a tipping point and irreversibly collapses when temperature reaches a critical threshold(4-6). Such a tipping point would mean future greenhouse gas mitigation would confer no conservation benefits to polar bears. Here we show, using a general circulation model(7), that substantially more sea-ice habitat would be retained if greenhouse gas rise is mitigated. We also show, with Bayesian network model outcomes, that increased habitat retention under greenhouse gas mitigation means that polar bears could persist throughout the century in greater numbers and more areas than in the business-as-usual case(3). Our general circulation model outcomes did not reveal thresholds leading to irreversible loss of ice(6); instead, a linear relationship between global mean surface air temperature and sea-ice habitat substantiated the hypothesis that sea-ice thermodynamics can overcome albedo feedbacks proposed to cause sea-ice tipping points(5,6,8). Our outcomes indicate that rapid summer ice losses in models(9) and observations(6,10) represent increased volatility of a thinning sea-ice cover, rather than tipping-point behaviour. Mitigation-driven Bayesian network outcomes show that previously predicted declines in polar bear distribution and numbers(3) are not unavoidable. Because polar bears are sentinels of the Arctic marine ecosystem(11) and trends in their sea-ice habitats foreshadow future global changes, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to improve polar bear status would have conservation benefits throughout and beyond the Arctic(12). C1 [Amstrup, Steven C.; Durner, George M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [DeWeaver, Eric T.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Bitz, Cecilia M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bailey, David A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), Polar Bears Int, 810 N Wallace,Suite E,POB 3008, Bozeman, MT 59772 USA. EM samstrup@pbears.org RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 FU USGS; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [ER64735]; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Office of Polar Programs [0908675] FX Principal funding for this project was provided by the USGS. B. G. M. acknowledges support from the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. E. T. D. acknowledges the support of the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, under grant ER64735 to the University of Maryland. E.D.'s work also was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) during his employment there. The findings reported here, however, are not endorsed by and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. CCSM3 simulations were performed using computing resources provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Earth Simulator in Japan. D. A. B. was supported under a grant from the NSF Office of Polar Programs, award number 0908675. M. Holland provided comments regarding model design and analysis. We acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling for their roles in making available the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 multi-model data set (support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy). We thank W. Washington and L. Buja for running the AS and providing us with the output from the CCSP integrations. We thank D. Vongraven and S. Vavrus for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and we thank N. Lunn and L. Peacock for providing the peer reviews necessary for the beta version of our Bayesian network model. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the US government. NR 37 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 22 U2 197 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7326 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.1038/nature09653 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695BC UT WOS:000285344600045 PM 21164484 ER PT J AU Stonedahl, SH Harvey, JW Worman, A Salehin, M Packman, AI AF Stonedahl, Susa H. Harvey, Judson W. Worman, Anders Salehin, Mashfiqus Packman, Aaron I. TI A multiscale model for integrating hyporheic exchange from ripples to meanders SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BED FORMS; NONSORBING SOLUTES; WATER EXCHANGE; STREAM; CHANNEL; TRANSPORT; CREEK; ZONE AB It is necessary to improve our understanding of the exchange of dissolved constituents between surface and subsurface waters in river systems in order to better evaluate the fate of water-borne contaminants and nutrients and their effects on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Here we present a model that can predict hyporheic exchange at the bed-form-to-reach scale using readily measurable system characteristics. The objective of this effort was to compare subsurface flow induced at scales ranging from very small scale bed forms up to much larger planform geomorphic features such as meanders. In order to compare exchange consistently over this range of scales, we employed a spectral scaling approach as the basis for a generalized analysis of topography-induced stream-subsurface exchange. The spectral model involves a first-order approximation for local flow-boundary interactions but is fully three-dimensional and includes the lateral hyporheic zone in addition to the flow directly beneath the streambed. The primary model input parameters are stream velocity and slope, sediment permeability and porosity, and detailed measurements of the stream channel topography. The primary outputs are the distribution of water flux across the stream channel boundary, the resulting pore water flow paths, and the subsurface residence time distribution. We tested the bed-form-exchange component of the model using a highly detailed two-dimensional data set for exchange with ripples and dunes and then applied the model to a three-dimensional meandering stream in a laboratory flume. Having spatially explicit information allowed us to evaluate the contributions of both gravitational and current-driven hyporheic flow through various classes of stream channel features including ripples, dunes, bars, and meanders. The model simulations indicate that all scales of topography between ripples and meanders have a significant effect on pore water flow fields and residence time distributions. Furthermore, complex interactions across the spectrum of topographic features play an important role in controlling the net interfacial flux and spatial distribution of hyporheic exchange. For example, shallow exchange induced by current-driven interactions with small bed forms dominates the interfacial flux, but local pore water flows are modified significantly by larger-scale surface-groundwater interactions. As a result, simplified representations of the stream topography do not adequately characterize patterns and rates of hyporheic exchange. C1 [Stonedahl, Susa H.; Packman, Aaron I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Worman, Anders] Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Salehin, Mashfiqus] Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Inst Water & Flood Management, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Stonedahl, SH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM susa@u.northwestern.edu; jwharvey@usgs.gov; worman@kth.se; mashfiqussalehin@iwfm.buet.ac.bd; a-packman@northwestern.edu RI Stonedahl, Susa/B-6198-2011; Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0408744, EAR-0810270]; NSF via the National Center for Earth-Surface Dynamics [EAR-0120914] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work from U.S. National Science Foundation grants EAR-0408744 and EAR-0810270 and a facilities access grant provided by the STC program of the NSF via the National Center for Earth-Surface Dynamics under agreement EAR-0120914. We thank Jeff Marr and Ben Erickson for their assistance in setting up and executing the experiments. NR 46 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W12539 DI 10.1029/2009WR008865 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 696YD UT WOS:000285476400002 ER PT J AU Gardner, WP Susong, DD Solomon, DK Heasler, HP AF Gardner, W. Payton Susong, David D. Solomon, D. Kip Heasler, Henry P. TI Using noble gases measured in spring discharge to trace hydrothermal processes in the Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, U.S.A. SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE noble gas geochemistry; hydrothermal systems; environmental tracers ID WATER; ORIGIN; EQUILIBRATION; TEMPERATURE; ISOTOPES; SYSTEM; FLUIDS; HEAT AB Dissolved noble gas concentrations in springs are used to investigate boiling of hydrothermal water and mixing of hydrothermal and shallow cool water in the Norris Geyser Basin area. Noble gas concentrations in water are modeled for single stage and continuous steam removal. Limitations on boiling using noble gas concentrations are then used to estimate the isotopic effect of boiling on hydrothermal water, allowing the isotopic composition of the parent hydrothermal water to be determined from that measured in spring. In neutral chloride springs of the Norris Geyser Basin, steam loss since the last addition of noble gas charged water is less than 30% of the total hydrothermal discharge, which results in an isotopic shift due to boiling of << 2.5 parts per thousand delta D. Noble gas concentrations in water rapidly and predictably change in dual phase systems, making them invaluable tracers of gas liquid interaction in hydrothermal systems. By combining traditional tracers of hydrothermal flow such as deuterium with dissolved noble gas measurements, more complex hydrothermal processes can be interpreted. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gardner, W. Payton; Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Susong, David D.] Utah Water Sci Ctr, USGS, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Heasler, Henry P.] Natl Pk Serv, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. RP Gardner, WP (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM Payton.Gardner@csiro.edu; ddsusong@usgs.gov; kip.solomon@utah.edu RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 3-4 BP 394 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.09.020 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 701JF UT WOS:000285813500011 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Journey, CA Chapelle, FH Lowery, MA Conrads, PA AF Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Chapelle, Francis H. Lowery, Mark A. Conrads, Paul A. TI Flood Hydrology and Methylmercury Availability in Coastal Plain Rivers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; MERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; WETLANDS; FISH; USA AB Mercury (Hg) burdens in top-predator fish differ substantially between adjacent South Carolina Coastal Plain river basins with similar wetlands coverage. In the Congaree River, floodwaters frequently originate in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont regions, where wetlands coverage and surface water dissolved methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations are low. Piedmont-driven flood events can lead to downward hydraulic gradients in the Coastal Plain riparian wetland margins, inhibiting Me Hg transport from wetland sediments, and decreasing MeHg availability in the Congaree River habitat In the adjacent Edisto River basin, floodwaters originate only within Coastal Plain sediments, maintaining upward hydraulic gradients even during flood events, promoting MeHg transport to the water column, and enhancing MeHg availability in the Edisto River habitat These results indicate that flood hydrodynamics contribute to the variability in Hg vulnerability between Coastal Plain rivers and that comprehensive regional assessment of the relationship between flood hydrodynamics and Hg risk in Coastal Plain streams is warranted. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Journey, Celeste A.; Chapelle, Francis H.; Lowery, Mark A.; Conrads, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851 FU Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Park Service Partnership; U.S. Geological Survey; South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) FX This research was supported by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, National Park Service Research Partnership, and National Water Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC). M. salmoides Hg data were provided by J. Glover of SC DHEC. The investigators would like to thank the family of Senator Strom Thurmond and the National Park Service for access to the McTier Creek and Congaree National Park study areas, respectively. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 9285 EP 9290 DI 10.1021/es102917j PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694AK UT WOS:000285266900009 PM 21080644 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Butler, KD Spencer, RGM Stedmon, CA Boehme, JR Aiken, GR AF Murphy, Kathleen R. Butler, Kenna D. Spencer, Robert G. M. Stedmon, Colin A. Boehme, Jennifer R. Aiken, George R. TI Measurement of Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence in Aquatic Environments: An Interlaboratory Comparison SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL CORRECTION STANDARD; ION-DOPED GLASS; COASTAL WATERS; RAMAN SCATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; MARINE; TOOL; PARAMETERS; OCEAN AB The fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are often studied in order to infer DOM characteristics in aquatic environments, including source, quantity, composition, and behavior. While a potentially powerful technique, a single widely implemented standard method for correcting and presenting fluorescence measurements is lacking, leading to difficulties when comparing data collected by different research groups. This paper reports on a large-scale interlaboratory comparison in which natural samples and well-characterized fluorophores were analyzed in 20 laboratories in the U.S., Europe, and Australia. Shortcomings were evident in several areas, including data quality-assurance, the accuracy of spectral correction factors used to correct EEMs, and the treatment of optically dense samples. Data corrected by participants according to individual laboratory procedures were more variable than when corrected under a standard protocol. Wavelength dependency in measurement precision and accuracy were observed within and between instruments, even in corrected data. In an effort to reduce future occurrences of similar problems, algorithms for correcting and calibrating EEMs are described in detail, and MATLAB scripts for implementing the study's protocol are provided. Combined with the recent expansion of spectral fluorescence standards, this approach will serve to increase the intercomparability of DOM fluorescence studies. C1 [Murphy, Kathleen R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Murphy, Kathleen R.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Butler, Kenna D.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Stedmon, Colin A.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Marine Ecol, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Boehme, Jennifer R.] Natl Sci Fdn, BIO Div Biol Infrastruct, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM krm@unsw.edu.au; graiken@usgs.gov RI Murphy, Kathleen/B-8217-2009; Stedmon, Colin/B-5841-2008 OI Murphy, Kathleen/0000-0001-5715-3604; Stedmon, Colin/0000-0001-6642-9692 FU US Geological Survey; NASA [NNH04AA62I] FX We thank all of the participating laboratories for providing the data described in this paper. The unpublished manuscript benefited greatly from comments by A. Baker, L. Larson, K. Merriman and anonymous reviewers. This study was undertaken for the AGU Chapman Conference on Organic Matter Fluorescence convened by A. Baker and P. Coble and funded by the US Geological Survey and NASA Grant NNH04AA62I. Use of brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 36 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 9 U2 112 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 9405 EP 9412 DI 10.1021/es102362t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694AK UT WOS:000285266900027 PM 21069954 ER PT J AU Hapke, C Plant, N AF Hapke, Cheryl Plant, Nathaniel TI Predicting coastal cliff erosion using a Bayesian probabilistic model SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal erosion; coastal cliffs; Bayesian; predictive model; Southern California ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; RECESSION AB Regional coastal cliff retreat is difficult to model due to the episodic nature of failures and the along-shore variability of retreat events. There is a growing demand, however, for predictive models that can be used to forecast areas vulnerable to coastal erosion hazards. Increasingly, probabilistic models are being employed that require data sets of high temporal density to define the joint probability density function that relates forcing variables (e.g. wave conditions) and initial conditions (e.g. cliff geometry) to erosion events. In this study we use a multi-parameter Bayesian network to investigate correlations between key variables that control and influence variations in cliff retreat processes. The network uses Bayesian statistical methods to estimate event probabilities using existing observations. Within this framework, we forecast the spatial distribution of cliff retreat along two stretches of cuffed coast in Southern California. The input parameters are the height and slope of the cliff, a descriptor of material strength based on the dominant cliff-forming lithology, and the long-term cliff erosion rate that represents prior behavior. The model is forced using predicted wave impact hours. Results demonstrate that the Bayesian approach is well-suited to the forward modeling of coastal cliff retreat, with the correct outcomes forecast in 70-90% of the modeled transects. The model also performs well in identifying specific locations of high cliff erosion, thus providing a foundation for hazard mapping. This approach can be employed to predict cliff erosion at time-scales ranging from storm events to the impacts of sea-level rise at the century-scale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hapke, Cheryl] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hapke, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM chapke@usgs.gov; nplant@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU USGS FX We are indebted to Peter Ruggiero for calculating the wave impact hour estimates used in the model. We thank Meredith Kratzmann, who spent many hours compiling critical baseline data. We are grateful to Patrick Barnard for his continued support of this effort, and to the USGS for funding. Fruitful discussions with Ben Gutierrez, Erika Lentz, Emily Himmelstoss and Elizabeth Pendleton greatly improved the design and approach of this study. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 278 IS 1-4 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.001 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 705JT UT WOS:000286125400010 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Mahler, BJ AF Van Metre, Peter C. Mahler, Barbara J. TI Contribution of PAHs from coal-tar pavement sealcoat and other sources to 40 US lakes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment; PAH; Trends; Sources; Receptor modeling; Cores; Pavement; Urban ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; ASHTABULA RIVER; SEDIMENT PAHS; URBAN; CHICAGO; BASIN; DUST AB Contamination of urban lakes and streams by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has increased in the United States during the past 40 years. We evaluated sources of PAHs in post-1990 sediments in cores from 40 lakes in urban areas across the United States using a contaminant mass-balance receptor model and including as a potential source coal-tar-based (CT) sealcoat, a recently recognized source of urban PAH. Other PAH sources considered included several coal- and vehicle-related sources, wood combustion, and fuel-oil combustion. The four best modeling scenarios all indicate CT sealcoat is the largest PAH source when averaged across all 40 lakes, contributing about one-half of PAH in sediment, followed by vehicle-related sources and coal combustion. PAH concentrations in the lakes were highly correlated with PAH loading from CT sealcoat (Spearman's rho = 0.98), and the mean proportional PAH profile for the 40 lakes was highly correlated with the PAH profile for dust from CT-sealed pavement (r = 0.95). PAH concentrations and mass and fractional loading from CT sealcoat were significantly greater in the central and eastern United States than in the western United States, reflecting regional differences in use of different sealcoat product types. The model was used to calculate temporal trends in PAH source contributions during the last 40 to 100 years to eight of the 40 lakes. In seven of the lakes, CT sealcoat has been the largest source of PAHs since the 1960s, and in six of those lakes PAH trends are upward. Traffic is the largest source to the eighth lake, located in southern California where use of CT sealcoat is rare. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov; bjmahler@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 49 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 2 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.014 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707NW UT WOS:000286294300012 PM 21112613 ER PT J AU Matoza, RS Chouet, BA AF Matoza, Robin S. Chouet, Bernard A. TI Subevents of long-period seismicity: Implications for hydrothermal dynamics during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKE SWARMS; SOUFRIERE-HILLS-VOLCANO; REDOUBT-VOLCANO; SHISHALDIN VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ALASKA; SYSTEM; TREMOR; EVENT; CLASSIFICATION AB One of the most striking aspects of seismicity during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH) was the precise regularity in occurrence of repetitive long-period (LP) or "drumbeat" events over sustained time periods. However, this precise regularity was not always observed, and at times the temporal occurrence of LP events became more random. In addition, accompanying the dominant LP class of events during the 2004-2008 MSH eruption, there was a near-continuous, randomly occurring series of smaller seismic events. These subevents are not always simply small-amplitude versions of the dominant LP class of events but appear instead to result from a separate random process only loosely coupled to the main LP source mechanism. We present an analysis of the interevent time and amplitude distributions of the subevents, using waveform cross correlation to separate LP events from the subevents. We also discuss seismic tremor that accompanied the 8 March 2005 phreatic explosion event at MSH. This tremor consists of a rapid succession of LPs and subevents triggered during the explosion, in addition to broadband noise from the sustained degassing. Immediately afterward, seismicity returned to the pre-explosion occurrence pattern. This triggering in relation to the rapid ejection of steam from the system, and subsequent return to pre-explosion seismicity, suggests that both seismic event types originated in a region of the subsurface hydrothermal system that was (1) in contact with the reservoir feeding the 8 March 2005 phreatic explosion but (2) not destroyed or drained by the explosion event. Finally, we discuss possible thermodynamic conditions in a pressurized hydrothermal crack that could give rise to seismicity. Pressure drop estimates for typical LP events are not generally large enough to perturb pure water in a shallow hydrothermal crack into an unstable state. However, dissolved volatiles such as CO(2) may lead to a more unstable system, increasing the seismogenic potential of a hydrothermal crack subject to rapid heat flux. The interaction of hydrothermal and magmatic systems beneath MSH in 2004-2008 thus appears able to explain a wide range of observed phenomena, including subevents, LP events, larger (M(d) > 2) events, and phreatic explosions. C1 [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chouet, Bernard A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Matoza, RS (reprint author), CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM robin.matoza@cea.fr FU NSF [EAR-0609669] FX We thank the staff of the Cascades Volcano Observatory for many useful discussions, W. Wagner for providing the IAPWS-95 formulation software [Wagner and Pruss, 2002], and R. Thiery for providing the spinodal curves. Data from BLIS, YEL, and STD were collected by the Cascades Volcano Observatory, while data from S04 and S20 were collected by G. P. Waite. Both were downloaded via IRIS. Data from CDWR were collected as part of the Acoustic Surveillance for Hazardous Eruptions experiment [Garces et al., 2008]. We thank S. C. Moran, S. G. Prejean, two anonymous reviewers, and an Associate Editor for clear and thorough reviews. This work was partially supported by NSF grant EAR-0609669 (PI: M. A. Garces). NR 69 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12206 DI 10.1029/2010JB007839 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696UL UT WOS:000285466800003 ER PT J AU Sabo, JL Sinha, T Bowling, LC Schoups, GHW Wallender, WW Campana, ME Cherkauer, KA Fuller, PL Graf, WL Hopmans, JW Kominoski, JS Taylor, C Trimble, SW Webb, RH Wohl, EE AF Sabo, John L. Sinha, Tushar Bowling, Laura C. Schoups, Gerrit H. W. Wallender, Wesley W. Campana, Michael E. Cherkauer, Keith A. Fuller, Pam L. Graf, William L. Hopmans, Jan W. Kominoski, John S. Taylor, Carissa Trimble, Stanley W. Webb, Robert H. Wohl, Ellen E. TI Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FISH DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; DISCHARGE; PATTERNS; RIVERS; MODEL; BASIN; DAMS AB Increasing human appropriation of freshwater resources presents a tangible limit to the sustainability of cities, agriculture, and ecosystems in the western United States. Marc Reisner tackles this theme in his 1986 classic Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. Reisner's analysis paints a portrait of region-wide hydrologic dysfunction in the western United States, suggesting that the storage capacity of reservoirs will be impaired by sediment infilling, croplands will be rendered infertile by salt, and water scarcity will pit growing desert cities against agribusiness in the face of dwindling water resources. Here we evaluate these claims using the best available data and scientific tools. Our analysis provides strong scientific support for many of Reisner's claims, except the notion that reservoir storage is imminently threatened by sediment. More broadly, we estimate that the equivalent of nearly 76% of streamflow in the Cadillac Desert region is currently appropriated by humans, and this figure could rise to nearly 86% under a doubling of the region's population. Thus, Reisner's incisive journalism led him to the same conclusions as those rendered by copious data, modern scientific tools, and the application of a more genuine scientific method. We close with a prospectus for reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert, including a suite of recommendations for reducing region-wide human appropriation of streamflow to a target level of 60%. C1 [Sabo, John L.; Sinha, Tushar] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Fac Ecol Evolut & Environm Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bowling, Laura C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schoups, Gerrit H. W.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Resources Management, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Wallender, Wesley W.; Hopmans, Jan W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wallender, Wesley W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Campana, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cherkauer, Keith A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fuller, Pam L.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Graf, William L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Kominoski, John S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Taylor, Carissa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Trimble, Stanley W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wohl, Ellen E.] Warner Coll Nat Resources, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sabo, JL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Fac Ecol Evolut & Environm Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM john.l.sabo@asu.edu RI Sabo, John/B-1872-2013; Bowling, Laura/B-6963-2013; Cherkauer, Keith/D-6510-2014; Schoups, Gerrit/F-8208-2014 OI Bowling, Laura/0000-0002-1439-3154; Cherkauer, Keith/0000-0002-6938-5303; FU Arizona State University (ASU)'s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; School of Life Science Research and Training Initiatives Office; Global Institute of Sustainability; Decision Center for a Desert City; National Science Foundation [EAR-0756817, EF-0553768]; ASU's Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Affairs; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX We thank J. Baron, N. Baron, G. Basile, R. Glennon, J. Holway, T. Lant, C. Magirl, C. Perrings, S. Postel, R. Reeves, M. Scott, J. Reichman, and M. Wright for ideas, encouragement, data processing, and constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript. J. L. S. thanks S. Bacon, J. Elser, J. Fink, and P. Gober for funding via Arizona State University (ASU)'s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the School of Life Science Research and Training Initiatives Office, the Global Institute of Sustainability, and the Decision Center for a Desert City, respectively. This project was supported by National Science Foundation Grant EAR-0756817 (to J. L. S.) and ASU's Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Affairs. This work was conducted as a part of the "Sustainability of Freshwater Resources in the United States" Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by National Science Foundation Grant EF-0553768, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. NR 45 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 73 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21263 EP 21270 DI 10.1073/pnas.1009734108 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500011 PM 21149727 ER PT J AU Cayan, DR Das, T Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Tyree, M Gershunov, A AF Cayan, Daniel R. Das, Tapash Pierce, David W. Barnett, Tim P. Tyree, Mary Gershunov, Alexander TI Future dryness in the southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; regional modeling; sustainability; water resources ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER; CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRE; ARIDITY AB Recently the Southwest has experienced a spate of dryness, which presents a challenge to the sustainability of current water use by human and natural systems in the region. In the Colorado River Basin, the early 21st century drought has been the most extreme in over a century of Colorado River flows, and might occur in any given century with probability of only 60%. However, hydrological model runs from downscaled Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment climate change simulations suggest that the region is likely to become drier and experience more severe droughts than this. In the latter half of the 21st century the models produced considerably greater drought activity, particularly in the Colorado River Basin, as judged from soil moisture anomalies and other hydrological measures. As in the historical record, most of the simulated extreme droughts build up and persist over many years. Durations of depleted soil moisture over the historical record ranged from 4 to 10 years, but in the 21st century simulations, some of the dry events persisted for 12 years or more. Summers during the observed early 21st century drought were remarkably warm, a feature also evident in many simulated droughts of the 21st century. These severe future droughts are aggravated by enhanced, globally warmed temperatures that reduce spring snowpack and late spring and summer soil moisture. As the climate continues to warm and soil moisture deficits accumulate beyond historical levels, the model simulations suggest that sustaining water supplies in parts of the Southwest will be a challenge. C1 [Cayan, Daniel R.; Das, Tapash; Pierce, David W.; Barnett, Tim P.; Tyree, Mary; Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dcayan@ucsd.edu FU California Energy Commission through California Climate Change Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; CALFED FX We thank Andrew W. Wood, Edwin P. Maurer, Alan F. Hamlet, Dennis Lettenmaier, and Francisco Munoz-Arriola, for the VIC model, forcing, and parameters. We thank two anonymous reviewers and editor for important comments. Naturalized streamflow data for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry was obtained from James Prairie of the Bureau of Reclamation. Part of the downscaled data was developed by Hugo Hidalgo. Jennifer Johns provided illustrations and expert processing of the manuscript. We acknowledge the several international global climate modeling groups, and particularly at Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM) and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) for global climate model output. We thank the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modeling for the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy.; Funding was provided by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program through the California Climate Change Center, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program through the California Applications Program. The CALFED Bay-Delta Program postdoctoral fellowship provided partial salary support for T.D. NR 26 TC 210 Z9 210 U1 15 U2 169 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21271 EP 21276 DI 10.1073/pnas.0912391107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500012 PM 21149687 ER PT J AU Williams, AP Allen, CD Millar, CI Swetnam, TW Michaelsen, J Still, CJ Leavitt, SW AF Williams, A. Park Allen, Craig D. Millar, Constance I. Swetnam, Thomas W. Michaelsen, Joel Still, Christopher J. Leavitt, Steven W. TI Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE forest mortality; climate change; drought; fire; tree rings ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE MORTALITY; PONDEROSA PINE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-MEXICO; DIE-OFF; ECOSYSTEMS AB In recent decades, intense droughts, insect outbreaks, and wildfires have led to decreasing tree growth and increasing mortality in many temperate forests. We compared annual tree-ring width data from 1,097 populations in the coterminous United States to climate data and evaluated site-specific tree responses to climate variations throughout the 20th century. For each population, we developed a climate-driven growth equation by using climate records to predict annual ring widths. Forests within the southwestern United States appear particularly sensitive to drought and warmth. We input 21st century climate projections to the equations to predict growth responses. Our results suggest that if temperature and aridity rise as they are projected to, southwestern trees will experience substantially reduced growth during this century. As tree growth declines, mortality rates may increase at many sites. Increases in wildfires and bark-beetle outbreaks in the most recent decade are likely related to extreme drought and high temperatures during this period. Using satellite imagery and aerial survey data, we conservatively calculate that approximate to 2.7% of southwestern forest and woodland area experienced substantial mortality due to wildfires from 1984 to 2006, and approximate to 7.6% experienced mortality associated with bark beetles from 1997 to 2008. We estimate that up to approximate to 18% of southwestern forest area (excluding woodlands) experienced mortality due to bark beetles or wildfire during this period. Expected climatic changes will alter future forest productivity, disturbance regimes, and species ranges throughout the Southwest. Emerging knowledge of these impending transitions informs efforts to adaptively manage southwestern forests. C1 [Williams, A. Park; Michaelsen, Joel; Still, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Swetnam, Thomas W.; Leavitt, Steven W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Williams, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM williams@geog.ucsb.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166 FU US Geological Survey (USGS); University of Arizona; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; University of California, Santa Barbara FX We thank all contributors of tree-ring chronologies that we accessed from the ITRDB. We thank J. L. Paschke for providing access to US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service aerial survey data. We appreciate advice from J. D. Miller, N. McDowell, and D. D. Breshears. Support was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Global Change Program (A. P. W. and C. D. A.), University of Arizona (T. W. S. and S. W. L.), USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (C. I. M.), and University of California, Santa Barbara (A. P. W., J. M., and C. J. S.). This work is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS global change research project. NR 47 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 21 U2 169 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21289 EP 21294 DI 10.1073/pnas.0914211107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500015 PM 21149715 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, M Hilton-Taylor, C Angulo, A Bohm, M Brooks, TM Butchart, SHM Carpenter, KE Chanson, J Collen, B Cox, NA Darwall, WRT Dulvy, NK Harrison, LR Katariya, V Pollock, CM Quader, S Richman, NI Rodrigues, ASL Tognelli, MF Vie, JC Aguiar, JM Allen, DJ Allen, GR Amori, G Ananjeva, NB Andreone, F Andrew, P Ortiz, ALA Baillie, JEM Baldi, R Bell, BD Biju, SD Bird, JP Black-Decima, P Blanc, JJ Bolanos, F Bolivar, W Burfield, IJ Burton, JA Capper, DR Castro, F Catullo, G Cavanagh, RD Channing, A Chao, NL Chenery, AM Chiozza, F Clausnitzer, V Collar, NJ Collett, LC Collette, BB Fernandez, CFC Craig, MT Crosby, MJ Cumberlidge, N Cuttelod, A Derocher, AE Diesmos, AC Donaldson, JS Duckworth, JW Dutson, G Dutta, SK Emslie, RH Farjon, A Fowler, S Freyhof, J Garshelis, DL Gerlach, J Gower, DJ Grant, TD Hammerson, GA Harris, RB Heaney, LR Hedges, SB Hero, JM Hughes, B Hussain, SA Icochea, J Inger, RF Ishii, N Iskandar, DT Jenkins, RKB Kaneko, Y Kottelat, M Kovacs, KM Kuzmin, SL La Marca, E Lamoreux, JF Lau, MWN Lavilla, EO Leus, K Lewison, RL Lichtenstein, G Livingstone, SR Lukoschek, V Mallon, DP McGowan, PJK McIvor, A Moehlman, PD Molur, S Alonso, AM Musick, JA Nowell, K Nussbaum, RA Olech, W Orlov, NL Papenfuss, TJ Parra-Olea, G Perrin, WF Polidoro, BA Pourkazemi, M Racey, PA Ragle, JS Ram, M Rathbun, G Reynolds, RP Rhodin, AGJ Richards, SJ Rodriguez, LO Ron, SR Rondinini, C Rylands, AB de Mitcheson, YS Sanciangco, JC Sanders, KL Santos-Barrera, G Schipper, J Self-Sullivan, C Shi, YC Shoemaker, A Short, FT Sillero-Zubiri, C Silvano, DL Smith, KG Smith, AT Snoeks, J Stattersfield, AJ Symes, AJ Taber, AB Talukdar, BK Temple, HJ Timmins, R Tobias, JA Tsytsulina, K Tweddle, D Ubeda, C Valenti, SV van Dijk, PP Veiga, LM Veloso, A Wege, DC Wilkinson, M Williamson, EA Xie, F Young, BE Akcakaya, HR Bennun, L Blackburn, TM Boitani, L Dublin, HT da Fonseca, GAB Gascon, C Lacher, TE Mace, GM Mainka, SA McNeely, JA Mittermeier, RA Reid, GM Rodriguez, JP Rosenberg, AA Samways, MJ Smart, J Stein, BA Stuart, SN AF Hoffmann, Michael Hilton-Taylor, Craig Angulo, Ariadne Boehm, Monika Brooks, Thomas M. Butchart, Stuart H. M. Carpenter, Kent E. Chanson, Janice Collen, Ben Cox, Neil A. Darwall, William R. T. Dulvy, Nicholas K. Harrison, Lucy R. Katariya, Vineet Pollock, Caroline M. Quader, Suhel Richman, Nadia I. Rodrigues, Ana S. L. Tognelli, Marcelo F. Vie, Jean-Christophe Aguiar, John M. Allen, David J. Allen, Gerald R. Amori, Giovanni Ananjeva, Natalia B. Andreone, Franco Andrew, Paul Aquino Ortiz, Aida Luz Baillie, Jonathan E. M. Baldi, Ricardo Bell, Ben D. Biju, S. D. Bird, Jeremy P. Black-Decima, Patricia Blanc, J. Julian Bolanos, Federico Bolivar-G, Wilmar Burfield, Ian J. Burton, James A. Capper, David R. Castro, Fernando Catullo, Gianluca Cavanagh, Rachel D. Channing, Alan Chao, Ning Labbish Chenery, Anna M. Chiozza, Federica Clausnitzer, Viola Collar, Nigel J. Collett, Leah C. Collette, Bruce B. Fernandez, Claudia F. Cortez Craig, Matthew T. Crosby, Michael J. Cumberlidge, Neil Cuttelod, Annabelle Derocher, Andrew E. Diesmos, Arvin C. Donaldson, John S. Duckworth, J. W. Dutson, Guy Dutta, S. K. Emslie, Richard H. Farjon, Aljos Fowler, Sarah Freyhof, Joerg Garshelis, David L. Gerlach, Justin Gower, David J. Grant, Tandora D. Hammerson, Geoffrey A. Harris, Richard B. Heaney, Lawrence R. Hedges, S. Blair Hero, Jean-Marc Hughes, Baz Hussain, Syed Ainul Icochea M, Javier Inger, Robert F. Ishii, Nobuo Iskandar, Djoko T. Jenkins, Richard K. B. Kaneko, Yoshio Kottelat, Maurice Kovacs, Kit M. Kuzmin, Sergius L. La Marca, Enrique Lamoreux, John F. Lau, Michael W. N. Lavilla, Esteban O. Leus, Kristin Lewison, Rebecca L. Lichtenstein, Gabriela Livingstone, Suzanne R. Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi Mallon, David P. McGowan, Philip J. K. McIvor, Anna Moehlman, Patricia D. Molur, Sanjay Munoz Alonso, Antonio Musick, John A. Nowell, Kristin Nussbaum, Ronald A. Olech, Wanda Orlov, Nikolay L. Papenfuss, Theodore J. Parra-Olea, Gabriela Perrin, William F. Polidoro, Beth A. Pourkazemi, Mohammad Racey, Paul A. Ragle, James S. Ram, Mala Rathbun, Galen Reynolds, Robert P. Rhodin, Anders G. J. Richards, Stephen J. Rodriguez, Lily O. Ron, Santiago R. Rondinini, Carlo Rylands, Anthony B. de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Sanders, Kate L. Santos-Barrera, Georgina Schipper, Jan Self-Sullivan, Caryn Shi, Yichuan Shoemaker, Alan Short, Frederick T. Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio Silvano, Debora L. Smith, Kevin G. Smith, Andrew T. Snoeks, Jos Stattersfield, Alison J. Symes, Andrew J. Taber, Andrew B. Talukdar, Bibhab K. Temple, Helen J. Timmins, Rob Tobias, Joseph A. Tsytsulina, Katerina Tweddle, Denis Ubeda, Carmen Valenti, Sarah V. van Dijk, Peter Paul Veiga, Liza M. Veloso, Alberto Wege, David C. Wilkinson, Mark Williamson, Elizabeth A. Xie, Feng Young, Bruce E. Akcakaya, H. Resit Bennun, Leon Blackburn, Tim M. Boitani, Luigi Dublin, Holly T. da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B. Gascon, Claude Lacher, Thomas E., Jr. Mace, Georgina M. Mainka, Susan A. McNeely, Jeffery A. Mittermeier, Russell A. Reid, Gordon McGregor Paul Rodriguez, Jon Rosenberg, Andrew A. Samways, Michael J. Smart, Jane Stein, Bruce A. Stuart, Simon N. TI The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World's Vertebrates SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTINCTIONS; DECLINES; BENEFITS; FUTURE; INDEX AB Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species. C1 [Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Conservat Int, IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Darwall, William R. T.; Katariya, Vineet; Pollock, Caroline M.; Allen, David J.; Collett, Leah C.; Cuttelod, Annabelle; Shi, Yichuan; Smith, Kevin G.] IUCN, Species Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Angulo, Ariadne] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Toronto, ON M5S 1X1, Canada. [Angulo, Ariadne; Carpenter, Kent E.; Chanson, Janice; Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.; Vie, Jean-Christophe; Lamoreux, John F.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ragle, James S.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] IUCN, Species Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Boehm, Monika; Collen, Ben; Richman, Nadia I.; Ram, Mala; Blackburn, Tim M.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Brooks, Thomas M.; Young, Bruce E.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Philippines Los Banos, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Laguna 4031, Philippines. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Burfield, Ian J.; Collar, Nigel J.; Crosby, Michael J.; Stattersfield, Alison J.; Symes, Andrew J.; Wege, David C.; Bennun, Leon] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Carpenter, Kent E.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Chanson, Janice] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Cheltenham, Vic 3192, Australia. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Harrison, Lucy R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Shark Specialist Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Quader, Suhel] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Rodrigues, Ana S. L.] CNRS, UMR5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier, France. [Tognelli, Marcelo F.] IADIZA CONICET, CCT Mendoza, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Aguiar, John M.; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Allen, Gerald R.] Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6986, Australia. [Amori, Giovanni] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Studies, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ananjeva, Natalia B.; Orlov, Nikolay L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Andreone, Franco] Museo Reg Sci Nat, I-10123 Turin, Italy. [Andrew, Paul] Taronga Conservat Soc Australia, Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia. [Baillie, Jonathan E. M.] Zool Soc London, London NW1 4RY, England. [Baldi, Ricardo] Ctr Nacl Pagagon CONICET, Unidad Invest Ecol Terrestre, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Baldi, Ricardo] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Bell, Ben D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Restorat Ecol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Biju, S. D.] Univ Delhi, Sch Environm Studies, Systemat Lab, Delhi 110007, India. [Bird, Jeremy P.] Pacific Inst Sustainable Dev, Ctr Biodivers & Biosecur Studies, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. [Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Ciencias Nat, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Bolanos, Federico] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. [Bolivar-G, Wilmar] Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Dept Biol, Secc Zool, Cali, Colombia. [Burton, James A.] Earthwatch Inst, Oxford OX2 7DE, England. [Burton, James A.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Castro, Fernando] Univ Valle, Lab Herpetol, Cali, Colombia. [Catullo, Gianluca] WWF Italy Specis Off, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Cavanagh, Rachel D.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Channing, Alan] Univ Western Cape, Biodivers & Conservat Biol Dept, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Bioamazonia Conservat Int, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Univ Fed Amazonas, Depto Ciencias Pesqueiras, BR-60700 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Natl Museum Marine Biol & Aquarium, Checheng 944, Pingtung, Taiwan. [Chiozza, Federica; Rondinini, Carlo; Boitani, Luigi] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anim & Human Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Clausnitzer, Viola] Senckenberg Museum Nat Hist Goerlitz, D-02806 Goerlitz, Germany. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Craig, Matthew T.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Cumberlidge, Neil] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Diesmos, Arvin C.] Natl Museum Philippines, Div Zool, Herpetol Sect, Manila 1000, Philippines. [Donaldson, John S.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, KRC, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Dutson, Guy] Birds Australia, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. [Dutta, S. K.] N Orissa Univ, Mayurbhanj 757003, Orissa, India. [Emslie, Richard H.] IUCN SSC African Rhino Specialist Grp, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa. [Farjon, Aljos] Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium Lib Art & Arch, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Fowler, Sarah; Valenti, Sarah V.] NatureBur, Newbury RG14 5SJ, Berks, England. [Freyhof, Joerg] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Gerlach, Justin] Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Cambridge CB1 7BX, England. [Gower, David J.; Wilkinson, Mark] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Grant, Tandora D.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Hammerson, Geoffrey A.] NatureServe, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Heaney, Lawrence R.; Inger, Robert F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hedges, S. Blair] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hero, Jean-Marc] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Futures Ctr, Griffith, Qld 4222, Australia. [Hughes, Baz] Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge GL2 7BT, Glos, England. [Hussain, Syed Ainul] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Ishii, Nobuo] Tokyo Womans Christian Univ, Sch Arts & Sci, Suginami Ku, Tokyo 1678585, Japan. [Iskandar, Djoko T.] Inst Teknol Bandung, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [Kaneko, Yoshio] Iwate Prefectural Univ, Takizawa, Iwate 0200193, Japan. [Kottelat, Maurice] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Raffles Museum Biodivers Res, Singapore 117546, Singapore. [Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kuzmin, Sergius L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. [La Marca, Enrique] Univ Los Andes, Escuela Geog, Lab Biogeog, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Lamoreux, John F.] IUCN Species Programme, Randolph, NH 03593 USA. [Lau, Michael W. N.] Kadoorie Farm & Bot Garden, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lavilla, Esteban O.] Fdn Miguel Lillo CONICET, Inst Herpetol, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Leus, Kristin] European Reg Off, Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, B-2170 Merksem, Belgium. [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lichtenstein, Gabriela] Inst Nacl Antropol & Pensamiento Latinoamer, RA-1426 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Mallon, David P.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Hlth Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England. [McGowan, Philip J. K.] Newcastle Univ, Biol Field Stn, World Pheasant Assoc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE15 0HT, Tyne & Wear, England. [Moehlman, Patricia D.] Wildlife Trust Alliance, Arusha, Tanzania. [Molur, Sanjay] Zoo Outreach Org, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Munoz Alonso, Antonio] Colegio Frontera Sur, San Cristobal Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Nowell, Kristin] CAT, Cape Neddick, ME 03902 USA. [Nussbaum, Ronald A.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Div Reptiles & Amphibians, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Olech, Wanda] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, PL-02786 Warsaw, Poland. [Papenfuss, Theodore J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parra-Olea, Gabriela] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pourkazemi, Mohammad] Int Sturgeon Res Inst, Rasht, Iran. [Racey, Paul A.] Univ Exeter Cornwall, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England. [Rathbun, Galen] Calif Acad Sci San Francisco, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, Cambria, CA 93428 USA. [Reynolds, Robert P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rhodin, Anders G. J.] Chelonian Res Fdn, Lunenburg, MA 01462 USA. [Richards, Stephen J.] S Australian Museum, Herpetol Dept, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Richards, Stephen J.] Conservat Int, Rapid Assessment Program, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Rodriguez, Lily O.] German Tech Cooperat GmbH, Lima 27, Peru. [Ron, Santiago R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Soc Conservat Reef Fish Aggregat, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Sanders, Kate L.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Santos-Barrera, Georgina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Schipper, Jan] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Big Isl Invas Species Comm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Shoemaker, Alan] IUCN SSC Tapir Specialist Grp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Short, Frederick T.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [Silvano, Debora L.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Zool Lab, BR-71966700 Taguatinga, DF, Brazil. [Smith, Andrew T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Snoeks, Jos] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Snoeks, Jos] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Anim Div & Systemat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Taber, Andrew B.] Jalan CIFOR, Ctr Int Forestry Res, Situ Gede 16115, Bogor Barat, Indonesia. [Talukdar, Bibhab K.] Aaranyak & Int Rhino Fdn, Gauhati 781028, Assam, India. [Temple, Helen J.] Biodivers Consultancy Ltd, Cambridge CB2 9LJ, England. [Tobias, Joseph A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Tsytsulina, Katerina] Natl Inst Biol Resources, Vertebrate Res Div, Inchon 404708, South Korea. [Tweddle, Denis] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Ubeda, Carmen] Univ Nacl Comahue, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, Dept Zool, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veiga, Liza M.] Fed Univ Para, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veloso, Alberto] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Williamson, Elizabeth A.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Xie, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dublin, Holly T.] IUCN ESARO, African Elephant Specialist Grp, IUCN SSC, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. [Dublin, Holly T.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Mace, Georgina M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Mainka, Susan A.; McNeely, Jeffery A.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Smart, Jane] IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Reid, Gordon McGregor] N England Zool Soc, Chester Zoo, Chester CH2 1LH, Cheshire, England. [Paul Rodriguez, Jon] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Samways, Michael J.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Conservat Ecol & Entomol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Wildlife Pk & Resort, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Hoffmann, M (reprint author), United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. EM mike.hoffmann@iucn.org RI Rodrigues, Ana/A-5914-2009; Harrison, Lucy/F-9494-2011; Jenkins, Richard/A-4567-2012; Hoffmann, Michael/E-6419-2010; ANDREONE, FRANCO/H-4942-2012; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/A-1491-2009; Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008; Collen, Ben/D-5055-2011; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Rondinini, Carlo/E-9027-2011; Donaldson, John/F-6833-2011; Veiga, Liza/C-6667-2009; Blackburn, Tim/A-7685-2011; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/H-2605-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/C-6126-2013; Silvano, Debora/H-4235-2012; Wilkinson, Mark/J-2026-2014; Hu, Lile /E-7961-2015; Williamson, Liz/E-4727-2016; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Mace, Georgina/I-3072-2016; Schipper, Jan/N-5266-2015; OI Rodrigues, Ana/0000-0003-4775-0127; Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0003-4785-2254; ANDREONE, FRANCO/0000-0001-9809-5818; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/0000-0001-5019-2870; Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929; Brooks, Thomas/0000-0001-8159-3116; Gerlach, Justin/0000-0002-0157-0449; Pourkazemi, Mohammad/0000-0002-0496-8049; Tobias, Joseph/0000-0003-2429-6179; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505; Molur, Sanjay/0000-0001-8230-518X; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/0000-0003-0785-3682; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/0000-0002-0268-3808; Silvano, Debora/0000-0001-7349-5962; Wilkinson, Mark/0000-0002-9459-8976; Hu, Lile /0000-0003-4892-2488; Williamson, Liz/0000-0001-6848-9154; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Mace, Georgina/0000-0001-8965-5211; Schipper, Jan/0000-0002-8338-7874; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725; Ron, Santiago/0000-0001-6300-9350 NR 41 TC 410 Z9 431 U1 65 U2 563 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6010 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1126/science.1194442 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 692LE UT WOS:000285153500055 PM 20978281 ER PT J AU Kurobe, T Kwak, KT MacConnell, E McDowell, TS Mardones, FO Hedrick, RP AF Kurobe, T. Kwak, K. T. MacConnell, E. McDowell, T. S. Mardones, F. O. Hedrick, R. P. TI Development of PCR assays to detect iridovirus infections among captive and wild populations of Missouri River sturgeon SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Fish iridovirus; Pallid sturgeon; Shovelnose sturgeon; Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus; MRSIV; Diagnostic PCR; Real-time PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; KOI HERPESVIRUS KHV; CYPRINUS-CARPIO-KOI; WHITE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; CELL-LINES; VIRUS; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION AB The Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (MRSIV) is an important factor contributing to losses during the hatchery rearing of juvenile pallid Scaphirhynchus albus and shovelnose S. platorynchus sturgeon. As the virus has not been isolated in cell culture, current detection procedures rely upon a combination of light and electron microscopy. Detection of characteristic virus-infected cells in the integument, usually of the fins, in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections provides a presumptive finding. Confirmation requires observation by electron microscopy of characteristic doubly enveloped hexagonal virions of the appropriate size in the host cell cytoplasm. To improve these diagnostic procedures, a conventional polymerase chain reduction (PCR) assay was developed as a sensitive and specific method for detection of MRSIV DNA as found in numerous tissues of both naturally and experimentally infected pallid and shovelnose sturgeon. Sequences of amplicons obtained from testing of wild-caught shovelnose sturgeon and juvenile pallid sturgeon during hatchery outbreaks were identical, suggesting that the viruses found in both sturgeon are similar or closely related. In addition, a TaqMan PCR was developed that allowed estimates of the concentrations of MRSIV DNA present in the tissues of pallid and shovelnose sturgeon during acute and persistent infection. These new PCR assays are improved methods to detect MRSIV, but equally importantly, they provide insights into to the biology of the agent for more effective management of viral diseases in captive and wild Missouri River sturgeon populations. C1 [Kurobe, T.; Kwak, K. T.; McDowell, T. S.; Hedrick, R. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mardones, F. O.] Univ Calif Davis, CADMS, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mardones, F. O.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu RI Mardones, Fernando/G-2488-2012 OI Mardones, Fernando/0000-0003-1228-5392 FU Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank Breanna Baker for conducting the TaqMan PCR and Kenneth Staigmiller, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, for collection of the wild shovelnose sturgeon. This research was supported in part by the Army Corps of Engineers. We also thank Jim Winton and Bill Batts at the Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA, for conducting PCR tests on split samples between laboratories. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 93 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.3354/dao02284 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 694NO UT WOS:000285305100003 PM 21290894 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Gregg, JL Grady, CA Taylor, L Winton, JR AF Hershberger, P. K. Gregg, J. L. Grady, C. A. Taylor, L. Winton, J. R. TI Chronic and persistent viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infections in Pacific herring SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Viral hemorrhagic septicemia; VHS; Pacific herring ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATERBORNE INFECTION; CLUPEA-PALLASII; EGTVED VIRUS; VHS VIRUS; TEMPERATURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WASHINGTON AB Chronic viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infections were established in a laboratory stock of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii held in a large-volume tank supplied with pathogen-free seawater at temperatures ranging from 6.8 to 11.6 degrees C. The infections were characterized by viral persistence for extended periods and near-background levels of host mortality. Infectious virus was recovered from mortalities occurring up to 167 d post-exposure and was detected in normal-appearing herring for as long as 224 d following initial challenge. Geometric mean viral titers were generally as high as or higher in brain tissues than in pools of kidney and spleen tissues, with overall prevalence of infection being higher in the brain. Upon re-exposure to VHSV in a standard laboratory challenge, negligible mortality occurred among groups of herring that were either chronically infected or fully recovered, indicating that survival from chronic manifestations conferred protection against future disease. However, some survivors of chronic VHS infections were capable of replicating virus upon re-exposure. Demonstration of a chronic manifestation of VHSV infection among Pacific herring maintained at ambient seawater temperatures provides insights into the mechanisms by which the virus is maintained among populations of endemic hosts. C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Gregg, J. L.; Grady, C. A.; Taylor, L.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; US Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources FX Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project No. 070819, and the US Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 93 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.3354/dao02283 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 694NO UT WOS:000285305100004 PM 21290895 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, J AF Hardebeck, Jeanne TI Aftershocks are well aligned with the background stress field, contradicting the hypothesis of highly heterogeneous crustal stress SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LANDERS EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FOCAL MECHANISMS; FAULT; DEFORMATION; DIRECTIONS; SLIP AB It has been proposed that the crustal stress field contains small-length-scale heterogeneity of much larger amplitude than the uniform background stress. This model predicts that earthquake focal mechanisms should reflect the loading stress rather than the uniform background stress. So, if the heterogeneous stress hypothesis is correct, focal mechanisms before and after a large earthquake should align with the tectonic loading and the earthquake-induced static stress perturbation, respectively. However, I show that the off-fault triggered aftershocks of the 1992 M7.3 Landers, California, earthquake align with the same stress field as the pre-Landers mechanisms. The aftershocks occurred on faults that were well oriented for failure in the pre-Landers stress field and then loaded by the Landers-induced static stress change. Aftershocks in regions experiencing a 0.05 to 5 MPa coseismic differential stress change align with the modeled Landers-induced static stress change, implying that they were triggered by the stress perturbation. Contrary to the heterogeneous stress hypothesis, these triggered aftershocks are also well aligned with the pre-Landers stress field obtained from inverting the pre-Landers focal mechanisms. Therefore, the inverted pre-Landers stress must represent the persistent background stress field. Earthquake focal mechanisms provide an unbiased sample of the spatially coherent background stress field, which is large relative to any small-scale stress heterogeneity. The counterexample provided by the Landers earthquake is strong evidence that the heterogeneous stress model is not widely applicable. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12308 DI 10.1029/2010JB007586 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QZ UT WOS:000285020600005 ER PT J AU Rollins, JC Stein, RS AF Rollins, John C. Stein, Ross S. TI Coulomb stress interactions among M >= 5.9 earthquakes in the Gorda deformation zone and on the Mendocino Fault Zone, Cascadia subduction zone, and northern San Andreas Fault SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE JUNCTION; FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; PLATE; RUPTURE; MODEL; SLIP AB The Gorda deformation zone, a 50,000 km(2) area of diffuse shear and rotation offshore northernmost California, has been the site of 20 M >= 5.9 earthquakes on four different fault orientations since 1976, including four M >= 7 shocks. This is the highest rate of large earthquakes in the contiguous United States. We calculate that the source faults of six recent M >= 5.9 earthquakes had experienced >= 0.6 bar Coulomb stress increases imparted by earthquakes that struck less than 9 months beforehand. Control tests indicate that >= 0.6 bar Coulomb stress interactions between M >= 5.9 earthquakes separated by <9 months are unlikely to occur by random chance, suggesting that the multiple short-term stress interactions observed among the recent Gorda zone earthquakes are not an apparent effect. In all well-constrained >= 0.2 bar Coulomb stress interactions between earthquakes that occurred within 4 years of each other, the second earthquake is promoted. On longer timescales, calculated stress changes imparted by the 1980 M(w) = 7.3 Trinidad earthquake are consistent with the locations of M >= 5.9 earthquakes in the Gorda zone until at least 1995, as well as earthquakes on the Mendocino Fault Zone in 1994 and 2000. Coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1980 earthquake are also consistent with its distinct elbow-shaped aftershock pattern. From these observations, we derive generalized static stress interactions among right-lateral, left-lateral and thrust faults near triple junctions. C1 [Rollins, John C.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rollins, JC (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, 3651 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM chrisrol@usc.edu; rstein@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12306 DI 10.1029/2009JB007117 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QZ UT WOS:000285020600001 ER PT J AU Waythomas, CF Scott, WE Prejean, SG Schneider, DJ Izbekov, P Nye, CJ AF Waythomas, Christopher F. Scott, William E. Prejean, Stephanie G. Schneider, David J. Izbekov, Pavel Nye, Christopher J. TI The 7-8 August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, central Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TSUNAMI GENERATION; EARTHQUAKE; ARC; PREDICTION; FLOWS AB Kasatochi volcano in the central Aleutian Islands erupted unexpectedly on 7-8 August 2008. Kasatochi has received little study by volcanologists and has had no confirmed historical eruptions. The island is an important nesting area for seabirds and a long-term biological study site of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. After a notably energetic preeruptive earthquake swarm, the volcano erupted violently in a series of explosive events beginning in the early afternoon of 7 August. Each event produced ash-gas plumes that reached 14-18 km above sea level. The volcanic plume contained large amounts of SO2 and was tracked around the globe by satellite observations. The cumulative volcanic cloud interfered with air travel across the North Pacific, causing many flight cancelations that affected thousands of travelers. Visits to the volcano in 2008-2009 indicated that the eruption generated pyroclastic flows and surges that swept all flanks of the island, accumulated several tens of meters of pyroclastic debris, and increased the diameter of the island by about 800 m. Pyroclastic flow deposits contain abundant accidental lithic debris derived from the inner walls of the Kasatochi crater. Juvenile material is crystal-rich silicic andesite that ranges from slightly pumiceous to frothy pumice. Fine-grained pyroclastic surge and fall deposits with accretionary lapilli cover the lithic-rich pyroclastic flow deposits and mark a change in eruptive style from episodic explosive activity to more continuous ash emission with smaller intermittent explosions. Pyroclastic deposits completely cover the island, but wave erosion and gully development on the flanks have begun to modify the surface mantle of volcanic deposits. C1 [Waythomas, Christopher F.; Prejean, Stephanie G.; Schneider, David J.; Izbekov, Pavel; Nye, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Scott, William E.; Schneider, David J.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Izbekov, Pavel] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nye, Christopher J.] Dept Nat Resources, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Waythomas, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM chris@usgs.gov RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010 FU USGS; North Pacific Research Board FX The USGS Volcano Hazards Program provided support for this work. Fieldwork in 2009 was supported by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board, and in kind support provided by the USFWS. The authors wish to thank the crew and on-board and support staff of the R/V Tiglax for getting us safely to and from Kasatochi Island. A special thanks goes to Chris Ford and Ray Buchheit, USFWS, who provided many useful preeruption observations to AVO, and to Al Giddings, who successfully evacuated Ford and Buchheit from Kasatochi just in time. We thank Tom Miller, Tina Neal, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 2 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B00B06 DI 10.1029/2010JB007437 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QY UT WOS:000285020500004 ER PT J AU Forsman, ZH Concepcion, GT Haverkort, RD Shaw, RW Maragos, JE Toonen, RJ AF Forsman, Zac H. Concepcion, Gregory T. Haverkort, Roxanne D. Shaw, Ross W. Maragos, James E. Toonen, Robert J. TI Ecomorph or Endangered Coral? DNA and Microstructure Reveal Hawaiian Species Complexes: Montipora dilatata/flabellata/turgescens & M. patula/verrilli SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENUS ACROPORA; EVOLUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; HYBRIDIZATION; SUBSTITUTION; PLASTICITY; PATTERNS; CNIDARIA AB M. dilatata, M. flabellata, and M. patula and 80 other scleractinian corals were petitioned to be listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA), which would have major conservation implications. One of the difficulties with this evaluation is that reproductive boundaries between morphologically defined coral species are often permeable, and morphology can be wildly variable. We examined genetic and morphological variation in Hawaiian Montipora with a suite of molecular markers (mitochondrial: COI, CR, Cyt-B, 16S, ATP6; nuclear: ATPs beta, ITS) and microscopic skeletal measurements. Mitochondrial markers and the ITS region revealed four distinct clades: I) M. patula/M. verrilli, II) M. cf. incrassata, III) M. capitata, IV) M. dilatata/M. flabellata/M. cf. turgescens. These clades are likely to occur outside of Hawai'i according to mitochondrial control region haplotypes from previous studies. The ATPs beta intron data showed a pattern often interpreted as resulting from hybridization and introgression; however, incomplete lineage sorting may be more likely since the multicopy nuclear ITS region was consistent with the mitochondrial data. Furthermore, principal components analysis (PCA) of skeletal microstructure was concordant with the mitochondrial clades, while nominal taxa overlapped. The size and shape of verrucae or papillae contributed most to identifying groups, while colony-level morphology was highly variable. It is not yet clear if these species complexes represent population-level variation or incipient speciation (CA<1MYA), two alternatives that have very different conservation implications. This study highlights the difficulty in understanding the scale of genetic and morphological variation that corresponds to species as opposed to population-level variation, information that is essential for conservation and for understanding coral biodiversity. C1 [Forsman, Zac H.; Haverkort, Roxanne D.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Concepcion, Gregory T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shaw, Ross W.] Grant MacEwan Univ, Dept Biol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Forsman, ZH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM zac@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Regional Office [NMFS-PRPO-2010-2001945]; NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Partnership [2005-008/66882]; MacEwan University Research Office and Divisional Arts and Science FX The work was made possible by funding from a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Regional Office; NMFS-PRPO-2010-2001945. ZHF was supported by a fellowship from NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Partnership MOA#2005-008/66882. RWS was supported by funding from Grant MacEwan University Research Office and Divisional Arts and Science grants. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15021 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015021 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 688QY UT WOS:000284868000023 PM 21151995 ER PT J AU Drummond, BA Leonard, ML AF Drummond, Brie A. Leonard, Marty L. TI Reproductive Consequences of Nest Site Use in Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Potential Lasting Effects of an Introduced Predator SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; breeding success; chick survival; habitat; introduced predator; Oceanodroma furcata; nest site characteristics; nest temperature; reproductive success; storm-petrel ID OCEANODROMA-FURCATA; BREEDING BIOLOGY; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; BODY-TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; COMMUNITIES; SEABIRD; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEMS; SELECTION AB We examined the reproductive consequences of differential nest site use in Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma furcata) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, where birds on islands where foxes were introduced nest in rocky substrate rather than in typical soil habitat. We investigated how physical and microclimatic nest site characteristics influenced storm-petrel breeding success 20 years after fox removal. We then examined whether those nest site characteristics that affected success were related to the amount of rock that composed the nest. In both years of our study, nest temperature had the strongest influence on chick survival and overall reproductive success, appearing in all the top models and alone explaining 14-35% of the variation in chick survival. The relationship between reproductive success and nest temperature was positive in both years, with higher survival in warmer nests. In turn, the best predictor of nest temperature was the amount of rock that composed the site. Rockier nests had colder average temperatures, which were driven by lower daily minimum temperatures, compared to nests with more soil. Thus, the rockiness of the nest site appeared to affect chick survival and overall reproductive success through its influence on nest temperature. This study suggests that the use of rocky nest sites, presumed to be a result of historic predation from introduced foxes, could decrease breeding success in this recovering population, and thus be a long-lasting effect of introduced predators. C1 [Drummond, Brie A.; Leonard, Marty L.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Drummond, Brie A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Arlington Cty, VA USA. RP Drummond, BA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Izaak Walton Killam Predoctoral Scholarship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We are grateful to the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, particularly G. V. Byrd, J. Williams, and the crew of the M/V Tiglax, for enthusiastic cooperation and logistical support. D. Rehder and M. McClintock provided assistance in the field. D. Bowen, G. V. Byrd, A. Horn, I. McLaren, C. Stacier, J. Williams, and R. Ydenberg generously commented on earlier drafts. Funding was provided by a Challenge Cost Share Agreement from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and an Izaak Walton Killam Predoctoral Scholarship to B. A. Drummond, and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to M. L. Leonard. This research was approved by the University Committee on Laboratory Animals at Dalhousie University through accordance with the Canadian Council of Animal Care. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR 4 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 827WG UT WOS:000295459500005 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Wallace, MC Strobel, B AF Boal, Clint W. Wallace, Mark C. Strobel, Brad TI PERSPECTIVES ON ANIMAL WELFARE LEGISLATION AND STUDY CONSIDERATIONS FOR FIELD-ORIENTED STUDIES OF RAPTORS IN THE UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal welfare act; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC); Public Health Service Policy; raptor; research AB Concern for the welfare of animals used in research and teaching has increased over the last 50 yr. Animal welfare legislation has resulted in guidelines for the use of animals in research, but the guidelines can be problematic because they focus on animals used in laboratory and agriculture research. Raptor biologists can be constrained by guidelines, restrictions, and oversight that were not intended for field research methods or wild animals in the wild or captivity. Field researchers can be further hampered by not understanding animal welfare legislation, who is subject to oversight, or that oversight is often provided by a committee consisting primarily of scientists who work with laboratory animals. Raptor researchers in particular may experience difficulty obtaining approval due to use of various species-specific trapping and handling methods. We provide a brief review of animal welfare legislation and describe the basic components and responsibilities of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) in the United States. We identify topics in raptor research that are especially problematic to obtaining IACUC approval, and we provide insight on how to address these issues. Finally, we suggest that all raptor researchers, regardless of legal requirements, abide by the spirit of the animal welfare principles. Failure to do so may bring about further regulatory and permitting restrictions. C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DBI-0832697] FX The genesis of this paper stems from the many issues and conversations we (CWB and MCW) have been involved in as members of the Texas Tech University IACUC, and from numerous conversations and discussions CWB has had with other raptor researchers. We appreciate the thoughtful reviews of J. Dwyer, T. Estabrook, B. Goodwin, B. Hull, P. Kennedy, J. McGlone, C. McIntyre, and K. Titus. This work was supported in part (MCW) by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF-DBI-0832697. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.3356/JRR-09-80.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 696KV UT WOS:000285441200002 ER PT J AU Behney, AC Boal, CW Whitlaw, HA Lucia, DR AF Behney, Adam C. Boal, Clint W. Whitlaw, Heather A. Lucia, Duane R. TI PREY USE BY SWAINSON'S HAWKS IN THE LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN RANGE OF THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS OF TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus; diet; Great Plains; Texas ID POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY C1 [Behney, Adam C.; Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Lucia, Duane R.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Behney, AC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; USGS Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We extend our appreciation to all the landowners who allowed us permission to access their property and conduct this research program. We thank the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the USGS Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for providing the funding for this study. This paper benefited from the thoughtful reviews of S. DeStefano, C. Swolgaard, an anonymous reviewer, and the editing direction of C. Dykstra. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.3356/JRR-10-15.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 696KV UT WOS:000285441200009 ER PT J AU Nestler, JM Theiling, CH Lubinski, KS Smith, DL AF Nestler, John M. Theiling, Charles H. Lubinski, Kenneth S. Smith, David L. TI REFERENCE CONDITION APPROACH TO RESTORATION PLANNING SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE reference condition; Upper Mississippi River; restoration planning; restoration framework; large river restoration; river hydrology ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; SCALE; INTEGRITY; REGIME; NEED AB Ecosystem restoration planning requires quantitative rigor to evaluate alternatives, define end states, report progress and perform environmental benefits analysis (EBA). Unfortunately, existing planning frameworks are, at best, semi-quantitative. In this paper, we: (1) describe a quantitative restoration planning approach based on a comprehensive, but simple mathematical framework that can be used to effectively apply knowledge and evaluate alternatives, (2) use the approach to derive a simple but precisely defined lexicon based on the reference condition concept and allied terms and (3) illustrate the approach with an example from the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) using hydrologic indicators. The approach supports the development of a scaleable restoration strategy that, in theory, can be expanded to ecosystem characteristics such as hydraulics, geomorphology, habitat and biodiversity. We identify three reference condition types, best achievable condition (A(BAC)), measured magnitude (MMi which can be determined at one or many times and places) and desired future condition (A(DFC)) that, when used with the mathematical framework, provide a complete system of accounts useful for goal-oriented system-level management and restoration. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nestler, John M.; Smith, David L.] USA, Environm Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP W, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Theiling, Charles H.] USA, Corps Engineers, Rock Isl, IL 61204 USA. [Lubinski, Kenneth S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Nestler, JM (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP W, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM john.m.nestler@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Engineer District, Rock Island; System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP) FX We acknowledge Dr Luther Aadland (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) for sharing ideas on a parsimonious, clear and persuasive definition of restoration. We appreciate discussions by members of the UMRS Science Panel that crystallized the NESP restoration issues to the point where they could be formalized for a mathematical treatment. Toni Toney (U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center) and Mike Davis (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) provided technical reviews of the paper. The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research conducted under the sponsorship of the U.S. Army Engineer District, Rock Island (who manages the NESP) and the System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP). Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1199 EP 1219 DI 10.1002/rra.1330 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 694RE UT WOS:000285314500001 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JKH Letcher, BH Nislow, KH Lutz, KA Magilligan, FJ AF Zimmerman, Julie K. H. Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. Lutz, Kimberly A. Magilligan, Francis J. TI DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF DAMS ON SUBDAILY VARIATION IN RIVER FLOWS AT A WHOLE-BASIN SCALE SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Connecticut River; dams; flood control; flow restoration; flow variability; hydrologic alteration; hydropower; subdaily variation ID GLEN CANYON DAM; CONNECTICUT RIVER; PHYSICAL HABITAT; VARIABILITY; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; REGIME; IMPOUNDMENT; HYDROPOWER; MANAGEMENT AB River regulation can alter the frequency and magnitude of subdaily flow variations causing major impacts on ecological structure and function. We developed an approach to quantify subdaily flow variation for multiple sites across a large watershed to assess the potential impacts of different dam operations (flood control, run-of-river hydropower and peaking hydropower) on natural communities. We used hourly flow data over a 9-year period from 30 stream gages throughout the Connecticut River basin to calculate four metrics of subdaily flow variation and to compare sites downstream of dams with unregulated sites. Our objectives were to (1) determine the temporal scale of data needed to characterize subdaily variability; (2) compare the frequency of days with high subdaily flow variation downstream of dams and unregulated sites; (3) analyse the magnitude of subdaily variation at all sites and (4) identify individual sites that had subdaily variation significantly higher than unregulated locations. We found that estimates of flow variability based on daily mean flow data were not sufficient to characterize subdaily flow patterns. Alteration of subdaily flows was evident in the number of days natural ranges of variability were exceeded, rather than in the magnitude of subdaily variation, suggesting that all rivers may exhibit highly variable subdaily flows, but altered rivers exhibit this variability more frequently. Peaking hydropower facilities had the most highly altered subdaily flows; however, we observed significantly altered ranges of subdaily variability downstream of some flood-control and run-of-river hydropower dams. Our analysis can be used to identify situations where dam operating procedures could be modified to reduce the level of hydrologic alteration. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zimmerman, Julie K. H.] Nature Conservancy, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, S O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lutz, Kimberly A.] Nature Conservancy, Northampton, MA 01060 USA. [Magilligan, Francis J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zimmerman, JKH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 5410 Grosvenor Lane,Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jzimmerman@tnc.org FU Bingham Trust; Nature Conservancy; US Army Corps of Engineers FX Funding for this project was provided by the Bingham Trust. We thank Alex Lester for assisting with data collection and calculation of metrics, and Alex Jospe for assisting with figure creation. This paper was completed as part of the Connecticut River Watershed Project, a joint partnership of The Nature Conservancy and US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 48 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 38 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1246 EP 1260 DI 10.1002/rra.1324 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 694RE UT WOS:000285314500003 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ St John, J AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. St John, Judy TI Characterization of small microsatellite loci for use in non invasive sampling studies of Gunnison Sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus minimus; Gunnison Sage-grouse; Microsatellite; Non invasive sampling ID COLORADO AB Primers for 10 microsatellite loci were developed specifically to amplify low quantity and quality DNA for Gunnison Sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus), a species that has been petitioned for listing under the US Endangered Species Act. In a screen of 20 individuals from the largest population in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to seven alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although one locus revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses and for use in mark recapture studies that utilize DNA collected non invasively from feathers and fecal pellets, which will ultimately aid in management efforts. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; St John, Judy] Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov FU Colorado Division of Wildlife FX This work was funded by the Colorado Division of Wildlife. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank B. Fedy and W. Iko for useful comments on this paper. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s12686-009-9122-8 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000004 ER PT J AU Macias-Duarte, A Conway, CJ Munguia-Vega, A Culver, M AF Macias-Duarte, Alberto Conway, Courtney J. Munguia-Vega, Adrian Culver, Melanie TI Novel microsatellite loci for the burrowing owl Athene cunicularia SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Burrowing owl; Athene cunicularia; Microsatellites; Sinaloa; California ID DNA; SOFTWARE; NORTH AB The breeding distribution of western burrowing owl is experiencing an intriguing southward shift, contrary to the predictions of climate change. To determine the breeding dispersal patterns underlying this distributional change, we developed 11 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the species. We tested these loci in two burrowing owl breeding populations, one from central Sinaloa, Mexico, and one from the Central Valley of California, USA. All loci were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except two loci for the California population. Expected heterozygosity was relatively high ((H) over bar (E) = 0.813, range 0.515-0.942). Average number of alleles was 11.64 ( range 5-25). We found no evidence of linkage disequilibrium for any pair-wise tests between loci. C1 [Macias-Duarte, Alberto; Conway, Courtney J.; Munguia-Vega, Adrian; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Macias-Duarte, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM alberto@email.arizona.edu FU US Department of Defense (DoD); National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); iPlant Collaborative; Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program of the World Wildlife Fund; US National Park Service; American Ornithologists' Union; University of Arizona; Sonoran Joint Venture of the US Fish and Wildlife Service; Silliman Memorial Research Award, TE, Inc.; Wallace Research Foundation; Tinker Foundation; William A. Calder III Memorial Scholarship; International Wildlife Foundation FX We thank the US Department of Defense (DoD), National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT), iPlant Collaborative, Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program of the World Wildlife Fund, US National Park Service, American Ornithologists' Union, University of Arizona, Sonoran Joint Venture of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Silliman Memorial Research Award, T&E, Inc., Wallace Research Foundation, Tinker Foundation, William A. Calder III Memorial Scholarship, and the International Wildlife Foundation for financial support. We thank the Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales of Mexico, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service for issuing scientific collection permits. We thank Edith Torres and Sergio Sanchez from the University of Sinaloa and DoD personnel from US Army Pueblo Chemical Depot, Fort Carson Army Base, Buckley Air Force Base, and Naval Air Station Lemoore for logistical support. Zoe Hackl, Karla Pelz, and Judith Ramirez provided substantial laboratory assistance. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s12686-009-9150-4 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000015 ER PT J AU Luzier, CW Docker, MF Whitesel, TA AF Luzier, Christina W. Docker, Margaret F. Whitesel, Timothy A. TI Characterization of ten microsatellite loci for western brook lamprey Lampetra richardsoni SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Western brook lamprey; Microsatellites; Lampetra sp.; Entosphenus sp. AB We describe the isolation and development of ten polymorphic microsatellite loci for western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni). Two to nine alleles were observed per locus in a sample of 35 fish. Gene diversity ranged from 0.000 to 0.792 in six populations. Cross-species amplification was successful as nine, seven and eight loci were polymorphic in Lampetra pacifica, Entosphenus hubbsi, and Entosphenus tridentatus, respectively. These markers will aid in evaluating the population structure of lamprey that are native to western North America. C1 [Luzier, Christina W.; Whitesel, Timothy A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Docker, Margaret F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Luzier, CW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Ct,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM christina_luzier@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Stewart Reid, Damon Goodman and Greg Silver for providing samples; Craig McFarlane for technical assistance; and Howard Schaller and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for financial support. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the USFWS. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s12686-009-9155-z PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000016 ER PT J AU Mercer, DM Haig, SM Mullins, TD AF Mercer, Dacey M. Haig, Susan M. Mullins, Thomas D. TI Isolation and characterization of eight novel microsatellite loci in the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Phalacrocorax auritus; Pelecaniforme; Double-crested cormorant; Microsatellite AB We describe the isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci from the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus). Genetic variability was assessed using 60 individuals from three populations. All loci were variable with the number of alleles ranging from two to 17 per locus, and observed heterozygosity varying from 0.05 to 0.89. No loci showed signs of linkage disequilibrium and all loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium frequencies. Further, all loci amplified and were polymorphic in two related Phalacrocorax species. These loci should prove useful for population genetic studies of the double-crested cormorant and other pelecaniform species. C1 [Mercer, Dacey M.; Haig, Susan M.; Mullins, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mercer, Dacey M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mercer, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dacmercer@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9178-5 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000026 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Parker, JM AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Parker, Joshua M. TI Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Crotalus oreganus concolor; Midget faded rattlesnake; Microsatellites; Population genetics ID SAGE-GROUSE AB Primers for 10 microsatellite loci were developed for midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor), a small bodied subspecies of the Western Rattlesnake, which is found in the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming. In a screen of 23 individuals from the most northern portion of the subspecies range in southwestern Wyoming, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from 4 to 11 alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although one locus revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses, which will ultimately aid in management efforts for this rare subspecies of rattlesnake. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Parker, Joshua M.] Coll So Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89146 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9181-x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000027 ER PT J AU Ward, R Shaw, KM Small, ST Lellis, WA AF Ward, Rocky Shaw, Kristine M. Small, Scott T. Lellis, William A. TI Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in Elliptio complanata (Mollusca: Unionidae) and cross-species amplification within the genus Elliptio SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Elliptio complanata Lightfoot; Elliptio hopetonensis Lea; Elliptio shepardiana Lea; Elliptio dariensis Lea; Elliptio icterina Conrad; Microsatellites ID BIVALVIA AB Fourteen microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in the eastern elliptio (Elliptio complanata). The loci were screened across 24 individuals from a single population sampled in the Delaware River. All loci were found to be polymorphic with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 8 to 20. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.350 to 0.900. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in five of 14 microsatellite loci. In each case, failure to meet Hardy-Weinberg expectation was due to heterozygote deficiency. Cross-species amplification was tested using four additional Elliptio species: E. hoptenensis, E. shepardiana, E. dariensis, and E. icterina. C1 [Ward, Rocky; Shaw, Kristine M.; Lellis, William A.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Small, Scott T.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ward, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM rward@wtamu.edu FU USGS; West Texas AM University; University of Georgia FX Financial support was provided by the USGS Fisheries Aquatic and Endangered Resources (FAER) Program, West Texas A&M University, and the University of Georgia. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9186-5 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000029 ER PT J AU Gutzwiller, KJ Barrow, WC White, JD Johnson-Randall, L Cade, BS Zygo, LM AF Gutzwiller, Kevin J. Barrow, Wylie C., Jr. White, Joseph D. Johnson-Randall, Lori Cade, Brian S. Zygo, Lisa M. TI Assessing conservation relevance of organism-environment relations using predicted changes in response variables SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE biological significance; confidence intervals; conservation decision making; conservation effectiveness; response magnitude; response uncertainty; statistical predictive models; thresholds for conservation action ID BIRD SPECIES RICHNESS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; MODELS; FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT; SCALE; ASSOCIATIONS; LANDSCAPES; ECOLOGY; POWER AB 1. Organism-environment models are used widely in conservation. The degree to which they are useful for informing conservation decisions - the conservation relevance of these relations - is important because lack of relevance may lead to misapplication of scarce conservation resources or failure to resolve important conservation dilemmas. Even when models perform well based on model fit and predictive ability, conservation relevance of associations may not be clear without also knowing the magnitude and variability of predicted changes in response variables. 2. We introduce a method for evaluating the conservation relevance of organism-environment relations that employs confidence intervals for predicted changes in response variables. The confidence intervals are compared to a preselected magnitude of change that marks a threshold (trigger) for conservation action. To demonstrate the approach, we used a case study from the Chihuahuan Desert involving relations between avian richness and broad-scale patterns of shrubland. We considered relations for three winters and two spatial extents (1- and 2-km-radius areas) and compared predicted changes in richness to three thresholds (10%, 20% and 30% change). For each threshold, we examined 48 relations. 3. The method identified seven, four and zero conservation-relevant changes in mean richness for the 10%, 20% and 30% thresholds respectively. These changes were associated with major (20%) changes in shrubland cover, mean patch size, the coefficient of variation for patch size, or edge density but not with major changes in shrubland patch density. The relative rarity of conservation-relevant changes indicated that, overall, the relations had little practical value for informing conservation decisions about avian richness. 4. The approach we illustrate is appropriate for various response and predictor variables measured at any temporal or spatial scale. The method is broadly applicable across ecological environments, conservation objectives, types of statistical predictive models and levels of biological organization. By focusing on magnitudes of change that have practical significance, and by using the span of confidence intervals to incorporate uncertainty of predicted changes, the method can be used to help improve the effectiveness of conservation efforts. C1 [Gutzwiller, Kevin J.; White, Joseph D.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.; Johnson-Randall, Lori] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gutzwiller, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM kevin_gutzwiller@baylor.edu FU US Geological Survey [99CRAG00013] FX We thank R. Skiles for logistical support; B. Alex, G. Levandoski, C. McKnight and M. Powell for data collection and compilation; the US Geological Survey's Global Change Program for funding (Cooperative Agreement no. 99CRAG00013); and S. K. Riffell and S. K. Skagen for comments on an initial draft of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 1 IS 4 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00042.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 742CC UT WOS:000288914700004 ER PT J AU Lopes, IF Haig, SM Del Lama, SN AF Lopes, Iara F. Haig, Susan M. Del Lama, Silva N. TI Genetic Characterization of Neotropical Jabiru Storks: Insights for Conservation SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Ciconiidae; gene flow; genetic variability; Jabiru mycteria; mitochondrial DNA; microsatellite loci; wetlands protection ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; STATISTICAL TESTS; PANTANAL WETLANDS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; COALESCENT; NEUTRALITY; MUTATIONS; VARIANCE AB Jabiru Stork (Jabiru mycteria) is listed under Appendix I of CITES and considered threatened in Central America. The first population genetic analysis of Jabiru Storks was carried out using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences (520 bp) mid live heterologous microsatellite loci. Samples were collected from the field (N = 49) and museum skins (N = 22) in Central (mainly Belize, Nicaragua and Costa Rica) and South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil). A decline of mtDNA diversity was observed in comparisons between past (N = 20) and present (N = 40) samples collected in Central America and northern South America. Similar levels of microsatellite loci diversity were observed among contemporary samples. Lower levels of mtDNA variability were observed in samples from Central America and northern South America when compared to the Brazilian Pantanal region. Significant levels of genetic differentiation were found between contemporary locations sampled, whereas non-significant results were observed for historic samples. The non-geographic association of haplotypes observed at the cladograms and the recent divergence times estimated between locations are indicative of an evolutionary history of a large population size with limited population structure. Reconnection of populations via increased gene flow, particularly in Central America, is recommended if genetic structure and status are to be restored. Received 29 September 2009, accepted 17 March 2010. C1 [Lopes, Iara F.; Del Lama, Silva N.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Lopes, Iara F.] Univ Fed Sao Joao Del Rei, Dept Engn Biossistemas, BR-36301360 Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil. [Lopes, Iara F.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lopes, IF (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Rodovia Washington Luis SP-310,Km 235, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM iaraflopes@ufsj.edu.br RI Lopes, Iara/A-9425-2013 FU FAPESP [2004/15205-8]; CNPq [140768/2002-5]; CAPES [BEN: 2925/03]; USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; PPGGEV FX The authors are grateful to property owners who allowed access to Jabiru Stork nests in the Pantanal. M. A. Del Lama, C. D. Rocha, D. M. M. Oliveira and M. H. Santos helped with field work. K. Meyer, O. Figueroa, A. Cole and G. Rios sent fresh samples from Belize and the Llanos of Venezuela. E. Paul helped contacting people to increase sample size and C. Fernandes shared DNA extraction protocols. H. M. Draheim, P.J. Faria, M. Fitzpatrick, W C. Funk, D. C. Kesler and M. P. Miller commented on the manuscript. Museums that provided tissue samples include: American Museum of Natural History, National Museum of Natural History, Field Museum of Natural History, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, California Academy of Science, USGS Texas Cooperative Wildlife Unit collection and Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science. CE-MAVE/IBAMA grave permissions. FAPESP (2004/15205-8), CNPq (140768/2002-5), CAPES (BEN: 2925/03), USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and PPGGEV supported this study. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 425 EP 437 DI 10.1675/063.033.0401 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 750HF UT WOS:000289536500001 ER PT J AU Thibault, JM Sanders, FJ Jodice, PGR AF Thibault, Janet M. Sanders, Felicia J. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Parental Attendance and Brood Success in American Oystercatchers in South Carolina SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; brood survival; Cape Romain; Haematopus palliatus; parental attendance; South Carolina ID ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE; HAEMATOPUS-OSTRALEGUS; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; GEORGIA; CARE AB Research on breeding American Oystercatchers has focused on identifying factors that affect reproductive success but little attention has been paid to parent behavior during chick-rearing. Parental attendance of American Oystercatchers was measured in Bulls Bay and along the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (Waterway) within the Cape Romain Region, South Carolina, USA, during 2006. Parental attendance rates averaged 90.9% in Bulls Bay and 81.4% along the Waterway. Daily survival of chicks was higher in Bulls Bay (0.989 +/- 0.007) compared to the Waterway (0.966 +/- 0.012). The extent of shellfish reefs (i.e. foraging areas) adjacent to nest sites was greater in Bulls Bay (5,633 +/- 658 m(2)) compared to the Waterway (3,273 +/- 850 m(2)). Mean parental attendance in Bulls Bay was higher for successful broods (90.5%) compared to failed broods (79.8%). In contrast, mean parental attendance along the Waterway was higher for failed broods (93.4%) compared to successful broods (67.5%). Less extensive shellfish reefs adjacent to nest sites along the Waterway appeared to require parents to depart more frequently to forage and the resultant reduction in attendance may have negatively affected cluck survival. Bulls Bay may provide higher quality nesting habitat compared to the Waterway with respect to proximity to food resources and parental attendance. Management and conservation efforts for American Oystercatchers should consider the relationship between foraging and nesting habitat and variability in behavioral attributes, such as parental attendance, in relationship to environmental conditions which ultimately affect reproductive success. Received 10 November 2009, accepted 31 March 2010. C1 [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Thibault, Janet M.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sanders, Felicia J.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; Department of Forestry of Natural Resources at Clemson University; USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Clemson University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank M. Spinks, B. Harris, S. Dawsey, M. Connolly, D. Browning and C. Wakefield. This research was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Savannah Santee PeeDee Restoration Fund), a state wildlife grant from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, the Department of Forestry of Natural Resources at Clemson University and the USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Logistical support was provided by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge and the South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. K. Schulte assisted with digital orthophotographs of the shellfish reefs and W. Bridges provided statistical assistance. The manuscript benefitted from comments by A. Wilke, W. Bridges, C. McGowan and two anonymous reviewers, The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1675/063.033.0410 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 750HF UT WOS:000289536500010 ER PT J AU Bruna, JLG Munoz-Martin, A ten Brink, US Carbo-Gorosabel, A Estrada, PL Martin-Davila, J Cordoba-Barba, D Morollon, MC AF Granja Bruna, J. L. Munoz-Martin, A. ten Brink, U. S. Carbo-Gorosabel, A. Llanes Estrada, P. Martin-Davila, J. Cordoba-Barba, D. Catalan Morollon, M. TI Gravity modeling of the Muertos Trough and tectonic implications (north-eastern Caribbean) SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE Caribbean plate; Muertos Trough; Gravity modeling; Retroarc thrusting ID PUERTO-RICO; GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS; ACCRETIONARY PRISMS; VENEZUELAN BASIN; GPS MEASUREMENTS; SEISMIC IMAGES; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; THRUST BELT; ARC; SUBDUCTION AB The Muertos Trough in the northeast Caribbean has been interpreted as a subduction zone from seismicity, leading to infer a possible reversal subduction polarity. However, the distribution of the seismicity is very diffuse and makes definition of the plate geometry difficult. In addition, the compressive deformational features observed in the upper crust and sandbox kinematic modeling do not necessarily suggest a subduction process. We tested the hypothesized subduction of the Caribbean plate's interior beneath the eastern Greater Antilles island arc using gravity modeling. Gravity models simulating a subduction process yield a regional mass deficit beneath the island arc independently of the geometry and depth of the subducted slab used in the models. This mass deficit results from sinking of the less dense Caribbean slab beneath the lithospheric mantle replacing denser mantle materials and suggests that there is not a subducted Caribbean plateau beneath the island arc. The geologically more realistic gravity model which would explain the N-S shortening observed in the upper crust requires an overthrusted Caribbean slab extending at least 60 km northward from the deformation front, a progressive increase in the thrusting angle from 8 degrees to 30 degrees reaching a maximum depth of 22 km beneath the insular slope. This new tectonic model for the Muertos Margin, defined as a retroarc thrusting, will help to assess the seismic and tsunami hazard in the region. The use of gravity modeling has provided targets for future wide-angle seismic surveys in the Muertos Margin. C1 [Granja Bruna, J. L.; Munoz-Martin, A.; Carbo-Gorosabel, A.; Llanes Estrada, P.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Appl Tectonophys Grp, Dept Geodinam, Madrid 28944, Spain. [ten Brink, U. S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cordoba-Barba, D.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Tierra & Astrofis 1, Madrid 28944, Spain. [Martin-Davila, J.; Catalan Morollon, M.] Real Inst, San Fernando De Henares 11100, Cadiz, Spain. [Martin-Davila, J.; Catalan Morollon, M.] Observ Armada, San Fernando De Henares 11100, Cadiz, Spain. RP Bruna, JLG (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Appl Tectonophys Grp, Dept Geodinam, Madrid 28944, Spain. EM jlgranja@geo.ucm.es; utenbrink@usgs.gov; mdavila@roa.es; dcordoba@fis.ucm.es RI Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/L-5811-2014; ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/0000-0002-5302-5119; ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 FU Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [REN2003-08520-C02-01, CTM2006-13666-C02-01, REN2002-12855-E/MAR]; U.S. Geological Survey; Puerto Rico Seismic Network FX We are in debt to the Captain, officers, and crew of the R/V Hesperides and the technicians of the Unidad de Tecnologia Marina and the U. S. Geological Survey for their professional help at sea. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (leaded by Andres Carbo-Gorosabel and Diego Cordoba-Barba; Projects REN2003-08520-C02-01, CTM2006-13666-C02-01 and complementary action REN2002-12855-E/MAR), the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Program, and the Puerto Rico Seismic Network. J.L. Granja was funded with a doctoral grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. We also want to thank the Direccion General de Mineria of Dominican Republic for providing the onshore gravity data. We also thank to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 263 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s11001-010-9107-8 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 740SU UT WOS:000288815500003 ER PT J AU Kalkreuth, W Holz, M Mexias, A Balbinot, M Levandowski, J Willett, J Finkelman, R Burger, H AF Kalkreuth, W. Holz, M. Mexias, A. Balbinot, M. Levandowski, J. Willett, J. Finkelman, R. Burger, H. TI Depositional setting, petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Parana Basin: 2. South Santa Catarina Coalfield, Brazil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Meeting of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP)/26th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY SEP 19-26, 2009 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP Soc Organic Petrol DE South Santa Catarina Coalfield; Parana Basin; Brazil; Sequence stratigraphy; Coal petrology and chemistry; Statistical evaluation ID SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; NOVA-SCOTIA; SEAM; PETROGRAPHY; FLORIDA; STRATA; SULFUR; CANADA AB In Brazil economically important coal deposits occur in the southern part of the Parana Basin, where coal seams occur in the Permian Rio Bonito Formation, with major coal development in the states of Rio Grande de Sul and Santa Catarina. The current paper presents results on sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the coal-bearing strata, and petrological and geochemical coal seam characterization from the South Santa Catarina Coalfield, Parana Basin. In terms of sequence stratigraphic interpretation the precursor mires of the Santa Catarina coal seams formed in an estuarine-barrier shoreface depositional environment, with major peat accumulation in a high stand systems tract (Pre-Bonito and Bonito seams), a lowstand systems tract (Ponta Alta seam, seam A, seam B) and a transgressive systems tract (Irapua, Barro Branco and Treviso seams). Seam thicknesses range from 1.70 to 239 m, but high proportions of impure coal (coaly shale and shaley coal), carbonaceous shale and partings reduce the net coal thickness significantly. Coal lithoypes are variable, with banded coal predominant in the Barro Branco seam, and banded dull and dull coal predominantly in Bonito and Irapua seams, respectively. Results from petrographic analyses indicate a vitrinite reflectance range from 0.76 to 1.63%Random (FIVB A to LVB coal). Maceral group distribution varies significantly, with the Barro Branco seam having the highest vitrinite content (mean 67.5 vol%), whereas the Irapua seam has the highest inertinite content (33.8 vol%). Liptinite mean values range from 7.8 vol% (Barro Branco seam) to 22.5 vol% (Irapud seam). Results from proximate analyses indicate for the three seams high ash yields (502 - 64.2 wt.%). Considering the International Classification of in-Seam Coals, all samples are in fact classified as carbonaceous rocks (>50 wt.% ash). Sulfur contents range from 3.4 to 7.7 wt.%, of which the major part occurs as pyritic sulfur. Results of X-ray diffraction indicate the predominance of quartz and kaolinite (also pyrite). Gypsum, gibbsite, jarosite and calcite were also identified in some samples. Feldspar was noted but is rare. The major element distribution in the three seams (coal basis) is dominated by SiO(2) (31.3 wt.%. mean value). Al(2)O(3) (14.5 wt.%, mean value) and Fe(2)O(3) (6.9 wt.%, mean value). Considering the concentrations of trace elements that are of potential environmental hazards the Barro Branco, Bonito and Irapua seams (coal base) are significantly enriched in Co (15.7 ppm), Cr (54.5 ppm), Li (59.3 ppm), Mn (150.4 ppm), Pb (58.0 ppm) and V (99.6 ppm), when compared to average trace elements contents reported for U. S. coals. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified, based on similarity levels, three groups of major elements and seven groups of trace elements. Applying discriminant analyses using trace and major element distribution, it could be demonstrated that the three seams from Santa Catarina show distinct populations in the discriminant analyses plots, and also differ from the coals of Rio Grande do Sul analyzed in a previous study. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kalkreuth, W.; Mexias, A.; Balbinot, M.; Levandowski, J.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Geociencias, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Holz, M.] Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Geociencias, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Willett, J.; Finkelman, R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Burger, H.] Free Univ Berlin, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. RP Kalkreuth, W (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Geociencias, Av Bento Goncalves 9500, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM Wolfgang.Kalkreuth@ufrgs.br RI Mexias, Andre/G-4559-2012; Holz, Michael/L-3269-2013; OI Mexias, Andre/0000-0003-0375-6439 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 84 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 213 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2010.08.008 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 709BK UT WOS:000286410000007 ER PT J AU Solum, JG Davatzes, NC Loaner, DA AF Solum, John G. Davatzes, Nicholas C. Loaner, David A. TI Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUID-FLOW; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; SEAL PREDICTION; GOUGE; SANDSTONES; ILLITE/SMECTITE; PERMEABILITY; ARCHITECTURE; BENTONITES; DIAGENESIS AB The presence of clays in fault rocks influences both the mechanical and hydrologic properties of clay-bearing faults, and therefore it is critical to understand the origin of clays in fault rocks and their distributions is of great importance for defining fundamental properties of faults in the shallow crust. Field mapping shows that layers of clay gouge and shale smear are common along the Moab Fault, from exposures with throws ranging from 10 to similar to 1000 m. Elemental analyses of four locations along the Moab Fault show that fault rocks are enriched in clays at R191 and Bartlett Wash, but that this clay enrichment occurred at different times and was associated with different fluids. Fault rocks at Corral and Courthouse Canyons show little difference in elemental composition from adjacent protolith, suggesting that formation of fault rocks at those locations is governed by mechanical processes. Friction tests show that these authigenic clays result in fault zone weakening, and potentially influence the style of failure along the fault (seismogenic vs. aseismic) and potentially influence the amount of fluid loss associated with coseismic dilation. Scanning electron microscopy shows that authigenesis promotes that continuity of slip surfaces, thereby enhancing seal capacity. The occurrence of the authigenesis, and its influence on the sealing properties of faults, highlights the importance of determining the processes that control this phenomenon. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Solum, John G.] Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Bellaire Technol Ctr, Houston, TX 77025 USA. [Davatzes, Nicholas C.] Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Loaner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Solum, JG (reprint author), Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Bellaire Technol Ctr, 3737 Bellaire Blvd, Houston, TX 77025 USA. EM j.solum@shell.com RI jingjing, cai/M-2687-2013 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Program; Shell International Exploration and Production; Sam Houston State University FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Program (Solum, Davatzes) and Shell International Exploration and Production (Solum, Davatzes) and Sam Houston State University (Solum). The use of the XL3-t device was graciously provided by ThermoNiton. The authors thank management at Shell for permission to publish and Brent Couzens-Schultz, Alan Morris, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their reviews of an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1899 EP 1911 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702MN UT WOS:000285898900005 ER PT J AU Martin, BM Irwin, ER AF Martin, Benjamin M. Irwin, Elise R. TI A Digital Underwater Video Camera System for Aquatic Research in Regulated Rivers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; BEHAVIOR; COST; FISH AB We designed a digital underwater video camera system to monitor nesting centrarchid behavior in the Tallapoosa River, Alabama, 20 km below a peaking hydropower dam with a highly variable flow regime. Major components of the system included a digital video recorder, multiple underwater cameras, and specially fabricated substrate stakes. The innovative design of the substrate stakes allowed us to effectively observe nesting redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus in a highly regulated river. Substrate stakes, which were constructed for the specific substratum complex (i.e., sand, gravel, and cobble) identified at our study site, were able to withstand a discharge level of approximately 300 m(3)/s and allowed us to simultaneously record 10 active nests before and during water releases from the dam. We believe our technique will be valuable for other researchers that work in regulated rivers to quantify behavior of aquatic fauna in response to a discharge disturbance. C1 [Irwin, Elise R.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci 3301, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Irwin, ER (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci 3301, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM eirwin@usgs.gov FU Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries; Alabama Power Company; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors are members of the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, which consists of the U.S. Geological Survey; the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University; the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries; the Wildlife Management Institute; and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This research was funded by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, the Alabama Power Company, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Jeff Holder, Chase Katechis, Molly Martin, and Josh Moore for their assistance with this research. P. Bettoli, J. Jolley, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on the manuscript. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products, software, or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1369 DI 10.1577/M09-201.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000001 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Gates, KS Palmer, DE AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Gates, Kenneth S. Palmer, Douglas E. TI A Likelihood Framework for Joint Estimation of Salmon Abundance and Migratory Timing Using Telemetric Mark-Recapture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID YUKON RIVER; CHUM SALMON; CAPTURE; POPULATIONS; ALASKA; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; SYSTEM AB Many fisheries for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are actively managed to meet escapement goal objectives. In fisheries where the demand for surplus production is high, an extensive assessment program is needed to achieve the opposing objectives of allowing adequate escapement and fully exploiting the available surplus. Knowledge of abundance is a critical element of such assessment programs. Abundance estimation using mark-recapture experiments in combination with telemetry has become common in recent years, particularly within Alaskan river systems. Fish are typically captured and marked in the lower river while migrating in aggregations of individuals from multiple populations. Recapture data are obtained using telemetry receivers that are co-located with abundance assessment projects near spawning areas, which provide large sample sizes and information on population-specific mark rates. When recapture data are obtained from multiple populations, unequal mark rates may reflect a violation of the assumption of homogeneous capture probabilities. A common analytical strategy is to test the hypothesis that mark rates are homogeneous and combine all recapture data if the test is not significant. However, mark rates are often low, and a test of homogeneity may lack sufficient power to detect meaningful differences among populations. In addition, differences among mark rates may provide information that could be exploited during parameter estimation. We present a temporally stratified mark-recapture model that permits capture probabilities and migratory timing through the capture area to vary among strata. Abundance information obtained from a subset of populations after the populations have segregated for spawning is jointly modeled with telemetry distribution data by use of a likelihood function. Maximization of the likelihood produces estimates of the abundance and timing of individual populations migrating through the capture area, thus yielding substantially more information than the total abundance estimate provided by the conventional approach. The utility of the model is illustrated with data for coho salmon O. kisutch from the Kasilof River in south-central Alaska. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gates, Kenneth S.; Palmer, Douglas E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Region, Fisheries and Ecological Services; USFWS Alaska Region, Office of Subsistence Management FX Funding for model development, data collection, and data analysis was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Region, Fisheries and Ecological Services; and USFWS Alaska Region, Office of Subsistence Management. Model development was initiated while J.F.B. was employed by the USFWS Alaska Region, Fisheries and Ecological Services. We are grateful to Michael and Linda Sipes for granting access to their property for video equipment operation, and we thank James Boersma, Chad Whaley, Haley Ohms, and Bill Carter for their hard work in project setup and data collection. We thank Milo Adkison (University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences), Daniel Reed (Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Sport Fish Division), an Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments on a draft of the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1394 DI 10.1577/M10-065.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000004 ER PT J AU Holliman, FM Reynolds, JB Holmes, JAS AF Holliman, F. M. Reynolds, J. B. Holmes, J. A. S. TI Effects of Healing Time and Pulsed-DC Waveform on Injury Detection and Incidence in Electroshocked Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INDUCED MORTALITY; FISH; WATERS AB Electrofishing is widely used to assess juvenile Pacific salmonids in freshwaters, but electroshock-induced injury may result. The small size of juvenile fish makes detection of internal injuries, particularly spinal injuries, more difficult than in adult fish. To test the idea that growth and healing of vertebral injuries over time would render injuries more detectable, we exposed age-1 Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to conventional 60-Hz pulsed direct current (PDC) and dual-frequency PDC (DFPDC; 568 and 15 Hz) in a tank study. To simulate field conditions, capture-prone behaviors (immobilization and forced swimming) were achieved by applying 60-Hz PDC at a voltage gradient of 1.1 V/cm and DFPDC at 5.0 V/cm. Because electroshock treatments occurred only on day 0, we assumed that all injuries occurred on that day. Evaluation of injuries on days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 of a 56-d experiment revealed decreasingly detectable hemorrhages (as a result of healing) but increasingly detectable spinal injuries. Incidences of spinal injury induced by 60-Hz PDC and 568-Hz and 15-Hz DFPDC were both high (40-80% range) and not significantly different. However, fish responses to electroshock (behavior, bruising, mortality, and growth) followed a trend of greater severity for PDC than for DFPDC. Fewer age-0 fish were available; on day 0, they were exposed only to PDC and evaluated only on days 1 and 56. The most marked increase in detection of spinal injuries was observed in age-0 fish: the injury rate increased from 0% on day 1 to 53% on day 56. Immobilization of Chinook salmon (and presumably other juvenile salmonids) by 60-Hz PDC will cause significant trauma. Use of dual-frequency PDC, even at the higher voltage levels sufficient to immobilize these fish, will reduce these effects. Estimates of spinal injury rates in electroshocked juvenile salmonids may be biased downward unless sufficient time has passed for healing and growth to occur, thereby increasing the probability of radiographic detection. C1 [Holliman, F. M.; Reynolds, J. B.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Holmes, J. A. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Holliman, FM (reprint author), Smith Root Inc, 14014 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM fmholliman@smith-root.com FU Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Abernathy Fish Technology Center of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided experimental facilities, logistic and technical support, and the age-0 fish used in the project. We thank Carl Burger, then Center Director, for his support of our research. The Carson National Fish Hatchery, Carson, Washington, supplied the age-1 fish. We thank Smith-Root Inc., Vancouver, Washington, for loan of the electrofishing control unit. The Large Animal Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks provided necropsy and X-ray facilities. Alan Temple, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Conservation Training Center; Robert Clark, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful critiques of the manuscript. The Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit funded this project. The Unit is sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Alaska Fairbanks, and Wildlife Management Institute. Mention of commercial products or firms does not imply endorsement by any of the Unit's sponsors. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1419 DI 10.1577/M10-049.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000008 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC Wilzbach, MA AF Harvey, Bret C. Wilzbach, Margaret A. TI Carcass Addition Does Not Enhance Juvenile Salmonid Biomass, Growth, or Retention in Six Northwestern California Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; SPAWNING SOCKEYE-SALMON; COPPER RIVER DELTA; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; FOOD WEBS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FORESTED STREAMS; RIPARIAN CANOPY AB Fisheries managers commonly consider the addition of salmon carcasses when seeking to enhance salmonid populations. However, the range of environmental conditions under which the technique is effective remains poorly defined. We addressed this issue by measuring the effects of wintertime addition of salmon carcasses on the biomass, growth, and retention of juvenile salmonids in an experiment that included two study reaches within each of six northwestern California streams. In the first 2 years of the study, half of the streams received carcasses in both study reaches; in the subsequent 2 years, we added carcasses only to the downstream reach in all six streams. For juvenile salmonid biomass, growth, and retention, the change in carcass distribution did not affect general patterns in the relationship of the upstream and downstream reaches within streams. Artificial addition of salmon carcasses during winter in streams similar to those we studied appears unlikely to benefit juvenile salmonids in the short-term; management alternatives focused on increasing escapement should probably take priority. C1 [Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wilzbach, Margaret A.] Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@humboldt.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1445 EP 1451 DI 10.1577/M10-022.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000011 ER PT J AU Stewart, TJ O'Gorman, R Sprules, WG Lantry, BF AF Stewart, Thomas J. O'Gorman, Robert Sprules, W. Gary Lantry, B. F. TI The Bioenergetic Consequences of Invasive-Induced Food Web Disruption to Lake Ontario Alewives SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; RAINBOW SMELT; PREY FISHES; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; ECOSYSTEM CHANGE AB Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus are the dominant prey fish in Lake Ontario, and their response to ecological change can alter the structure and function of the Lake Ontario food web. Using stochastic population-based bioenergetic models of Lake Ontario alewives for 1987-1991 and 2001-2005, we evaluated changes to alewife production, consumption, and associated bioenergetic ratios after invasive-induced food web disruption. After the disruption, mean biomass of alewives declined from 28.0 to 14.6 g/m(2), production declined from 40.8 to 13.6 g . m(-2) . year(-1), and consumption declined from 342.1 to 137.2 g . m(-2) . year(-1), but bootstrapping of error sources suggested that the changes were not statistically significant. Population-based bioenergetic ratios of production to biomass (P/B ratio), total consumption to biomass (Q/B ratio), and production efficiency did not change. Pathways of energy flow measured as prey-group-specific Q/B ratios changed significantly between the two time periods for invasive predatory cladocerans (from 0.6 to 1.3), Mysis diluviana (from 0.4 to 2.5), and other prey (from 0.8 to 0.1), but the observed decline in the zooplankton Q/B ratio (from 10.6 to 5.5) was not significant. Gross production efficiency did not change; values ranged from 8% to 15%. Age-group mean gross conversion efficiency (GCE) declined with age; GCE ranged from 7.5% to 11.0% for yearlings, was approximately 5% for age-2 alewives, and was less than 2% for age-3 and older alewives. The GCE increased significantly between the time periods for yearling alewives. Our analyses support the hypothesis that after 2003, alewives could not sustain their growth while feeding on zooplankton closer to shore. Modeling of observed spatial variation in diet and alternative occupied temperatures demonstrates the potential for reducing consumption by alewives. Our results suggest that Lake Ontario alewives can exploit spatial heterogeneity in resource patches and thermal habitat to partially mitigate the effects of food web disruption. Fish management implications are discussed. C1 [Stewart, Thomas J.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON KOK 2T0, Canada. [O'Gorman, Robert; Lantry, B. F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Sprules, W. Gary] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. RP Stewart, TJ (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Rural Route 4, Picton, ON KOK 2T0, Canada. EM tom.stewart@ontario.ca FU Canada-Ontario Agreement; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Funding for the project was provided by the Canada-Ontario Agreement, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of early drafts. This article is contribution 1595 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 88 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1485 EP 1504 DI 10.1577/M10-023.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000015 ER PT J AU Martens, KD Connolly, PJ AF Martens, Kyle D. Connolly, Patrick J. TI Effectiveness of a Redesigned Water Diversion Using Rock Vortex Weirs to Enhance Longitudinal Connectivity for Small Salmonids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; NATURE-LIKE FISHWAYS; UPSTREAM MOVEMENT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; STREAM NETWORK; FRASER-RIVER; COHO SALMON; TRIBUTARIES; POPULATIONS; TELEMETRY AB For nearly 100 years, water diversions have affected fish passage in Beaver Creek, a tributary of the lower Methow River in north-central Washington State. From 2000 to 2004, four dam-style water diversions were replaced with a series of rock vortex weirs (RVWs). The weirs were designed to allow fish passage while maintaining the ability to divert water into irrigation canals. We observed the new appearance of three species (juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, juvenile coho salmon O. kisutch, and mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni) upstream of the RVWs, indicating successful restoration of longitudinal connectivity. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and instream PIT tag interrogation systems during 2004-2007 to evaluate upstream passage of small salmonids (<240 mm fork length) through one series of RVWs. We documented 109 upstream passage events by small salmonids through the series of RVWs; most of the events (81%) involved passage of rainbow trout O. mykiss or juvenile steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout). Small rainbow trout or steelhead ranging from 86 to 238 mm (adjusted fork length) were able to pass upstream through the RVWs, although a delay in fish passage at discharges below 0.32 m(3)/s was detected in comparison with nearby control sections. C1 [Martens, Kyle D.; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Martens, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM kmartens@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX Much of the PIT tagging field work and day-to-day maintenance of the interrogation systems was conducted by Brian Fisher and Wesley Tibbits (U. S. Geological Survey). The interrogator sites were located on private land, and we greatly appreciate the access granted by landowners Vic Stokes and Gary Ott. Development, installation, and maintenance of the multi-antenna PIT tag detection system were due in large part to the expertise of and collaboration with Earl Prentice (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries). We acknowledge collaborators Steve Clayton and Denis Ruttenberg (University of Idaho) for their help in understanding the dynamics of RVWs and for providing flow records from 2005 to spring 2006. The Beaver Creek work was supported from a larger effort that was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and administered by Dana Weigel and Michael Newsom. In addition, we thank Dana Weigel for her review of this document. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U. S. Government. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1544 EP 1552 DI 10.1577/M10-025.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000019 ER PT J AU Steed, AC Zale, AV Koel, TM Kalinowski, ST AF Steed, Amber C. Zale, Alexander V. Koel, Todd M. Kalinowski, Steven T. TI Population Viability of Arctic Grayling in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH AB The fluvial Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus is restricted to less than 5% of its native range in the contiguous United States and was relisted as a category 3 candidate species under the U. S. Endangered Species Act in 2010. Although fluvial Arctic grayling of the lower Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, were considered to have been extirpated by 1935, anglers and biologists have continued to report catching low numbers of Arctic grayling in the river. Our goal was to determine whether a viable population of fluvial Arctic grayling persisted in the Gibbon River or whether the fish caught in the river were downstream emigrants from lacustrine populations in headwater lakes. We addressed this goal by determining relative abundances, sources, and evidence for successful spawning of Arctic grayling in the Gibbon River. During 2005 and 2006, Arctic grayling comprised between 0% and 3% of the salmonid catch in riverwide electrofishing (mean < 1%; SE < 1%) and snorkeling (mean - 1%; SE - 1%) surveys; Arctic grayling constituted 0-14% of the salmonid catch obtained by targeted angling (3 of 22 fish; mean = 4%; SE = 5%). Low values of the genetic differentiation index (F(ST) = 0.0021 + 0.002 [mean + 95% confidence interval]) between headwater lake and river Arctic grayling indicated that fish from throughout the Gibbon River system probably belonged to the same population. Back-calculated lengths at most ages were similar among all fish, and successful spawning within the Gibbon River below the headwater lakes was not documented. Few Arctic grayling adults and no fry were detected in the Gibbon River, implying that a reproducing fluvial population does not exist there. These findings have implications for future Endangered Species Act considerations and management of fluvial Arctic grayling within and outside of Yellowstone National Park. Our comprehensive approach is broadly applicable to the management of sparsely detected aquatic species worldwide. C1 [Steed, Amber C.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Steed, Amber C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.; Kalinowski, Steven T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Koel, Todd M.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Steed, AC (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, 490 N Meridian Rd, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. EM asteed@mt.gov FU Yellowstone National Park; Yellowstone Park Foundation FX Yellowstone National Park and the Yellowstone Park Foundation funded this research. Ninh Vu, John Borkowski, Steve Cherry, and Michael Meeuwig provided guidance during this study. Field work was conducted with the support of Dan Mahony, Colleen Blaine, Bonnie Griffis, Chris Romankiewicz, Nicole Legere, Michelle Hall, and many other YNP Fisheries Program and Student Conservation Association interns and volunteers. Tim Bywater and William Voigt provided coordination of anglers participating in the Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Volunteer Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1582 EP 1590 DI 10.1577/M10-083.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000022 ER PT J AU Doherty, KE Andersen, DE Meunier, J Oppelt, E Lutz, RS Bruggink, JG AF Doherty, Kevin E. Andersen, David E. Meunier, Jed Oppelt, Eileen Lutz, R. Scott Bruggink, John G. TI Foraging location quality as a predictor of fidelity to a diurnal site for adult female American woodcock Scolopax minor SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; fidelity; foraging; habitat quality; movement; Scolopax minor ID SELECTION AB Quality of recently used foraging areas is likely an important predictor of fidelity to specific locations in the future. We monitored movement and habitat use of 58 adult female American woodcock Scolopax minor at three study areas in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, USA, during autumn 2002 and 2003, to assess the relationship between foraging habitat use decisions and environmental conditions at previously used foraging locations. We assessed whether habitat variables which related to food and weather were related to distance between locations on subsequent days of individual woodcock that choose diurnal foraging locations when they return from night-time roosting locations. We predicted that woodcock would return to foraging locations used on the previous day (i.e. shorter distances between daily foraging locations) when environmental conditions on the prior day were favourable. Woodcock generally made short (i.e. 48% < 50 m and 91% < 400 m) between-day movements, but also occasionally similar to 7%) abandoned prior foraging areas. The primary determinants of woodcock movements during autumn (prior to migration) were low local food availability and potential for increased food availability elsewhere. The quality of foraging locations was an important predictor of future foraging habitat use for woodcock, consistent with the hypothesis that woodcock movement behaviour balances the risks associated with movement with the potential benefits of increased energy intake in new foraging areas. C1 [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Meunier, Jed; Lutz, R. Scott] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Oppelt, Eileen; Bruggink, John G.] No Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Doherty, KE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington Cty, ND 58503 USA. EM kevin_doherty@fws.gov; dea@umn.edu; jedmeunier@hotmail.com; eileenoppelt@yahoo.com; rslute@facstaff.wisc.edu; jbruggin@nmu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey (Science Support Initiative and the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit); Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Department of Natural Resources FX our project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 3 Migratory Birds and 2001 Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program), U.S. Geological Survey (Science Support Initiative and the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. We thank all the technicians who endured hard days in the field and the staff at Mille Lacs WMA for assistance with logistics. We thank M.E. Seamans and G.S. Zimmerman, who helped with writing the SAS code, and R.J. Gutierrez, G.L. Jones and D.M. Keppie who provided valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank D.G. McAuley for helping with identifying mist-netting and night-lighting sites and suggestions for techniques for handling woodcock and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive suggestions that improved our manuscript. Finally, we thank S.D.Wilds for working to generate support and funding for this project. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.2981/09-100 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 725FB UT WOS:000287629500004 ER PT J AU Paces, JB Neymark, LA Whelan, JF Wooden, JL Lund, SP Marshall, BD AF Paces, James B. Neymark, Leonid A. Whelan, Joseph F. Wooden, Joseph L. Lund, Steven P. Marshall, Brian D. TI Limited hydrologic response to Pleistocene climate change in deep vadose zones - Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE vadose zone; paleohydrogeology; paleoclimate; U-series dating; secondary ion mass spectrometry; Yucca Mountain ID PAST INFILTRATION FLUXES; SECONDARY MINERAL RECORD; TOPOPAH SPRING TUFF; UNSATURATED-ZONE; VIABLE METHODOLOGY; CENTRAL TEXAS; DEATH-VALLEY; CRATER FLAT; DEVILS-HOLE; CALCITE AB Understanding the movement of water through thick vadose zones, especially on time scales encompassing long-term climate change, is increasingly important as societies utilize semi-arid environments for both water resources and sites viewed as favorable for long-term disposal or storage of hazardous waste. Hydrologic responses to Pleistocene climate change within a deep vadose zone in the eastern Mojave Desert at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, were evaluated by uranium-series dating of finely layered hyalitic opal using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Opal is present within cm-thick secondary hydrogenic mineral crusts coating floors of lithophysal cavities in fractured volcanic rocks at depths of 200 to 300 m below land surface. Uranium concentrations in opal fluctuate systematically between 5 and 550 mu g/g. Age-calibrated profiles of uranium concentration correlate with regional climate records over the last 300,000 years and produce time-series spectral peaks that have distinct periodicities of 100- and 41-ka, consistent with planetary orbital parameters. These results indicate that the chemical compositions of percolating solutions varied in response to near-surface, climate-driven processes. However, slow (micrometers per thousand years), relatively uniform growth rates of secondary opal and calcite deposition spanning several glacial-interglacial climate cycles imply that water fluxes in the deep vadose zone remained low and generally buffered from the large fluctuations in available surface moisture during different climates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Paces, James B.; Neymark, Leonid A.; Whelan, Joseph F.; Marshall, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lund, Steven P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Paces, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jbpaces@usgs.gov OI Marshall, Brian/0000-0002-8093-0093 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AI28-07RW12405] FX We thank L Benson, K. Maher, R. Roback, I. Winograd, M. Cosca, S. Ewing and three anonymous journal reviewers for technical reviews of this manuscript and earlier drafts. Funding and field support for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DE-AI28-07RW12405; however, DOE had no involvement in the study design, analyses, or interpretation of results. Author contributions are as follows: Paces had primary responsibility for the study design, data collection, interpretation, and report writing. Neymark and Wooden were instrumental in helping collect U-series data. Lund contributed insights into the comparison of opal and Devils Hole profiles and provided time-series analyses and interpretations. Neymark, Whelan, and Marshall contributed to interpretations of vadose zone mineral genesis and hydrologic processes, and helped refine the final presentation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 300 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.10.006 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 707KG UT WOS:000286284600011 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Haro, RJ Rogala, JT AF Gray, Brian R. Haro, Roger J. Rogala, James T. TI Addressing among-group variation in covariate effects using multilevel models SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Hierarchical models; Hurdle count models; Mayflies; Mixed models; Multilevel models; Negative binomial ID ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; LONGITUDINAL DATA; LINEAR-MODELS; REGRESSION; EPHEMEROPTERA; STREAMS; COUNTS; SCALES; REGION AB Multilevel models are used to model processes associated with hierarchical data structures. Despite infrequent use in the biological and environmental sciences, the use of these models with hierarchically-structured data conveys multiple advantages. These include the assessment of whether covariate effects differ among groups or clusters, and separate estimation of covariate effects by hierarchical level (thereby addressing atomistic and aggregation fallacy concerns). We illustrate these advantages using larval mayfly count data derived from annual surveys on the Mississippi River and a continuous covariate (water depth). C1 [Gray, Brian R.; Rogala, James T.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54503 USA. [Haro, Roger J.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54503 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank Jennie Sauer for providing study data. This paper was improved by reviews by Steve Gutreuter, Mark Holland and Chuck Rose. The study was partially funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers under the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 SI SI BP 573 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s10651-009-0119-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 707KE UT WOS:000286284300011 ER PT J AU Lehto, HL Roman, DC Moran, SC AF Lehto, Heather L. Roman, Diana C. Moran, Seth C. TI Temporal changes in stress preceding the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St Helens, Washington SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mount St Helens; VT earthquakes; fault plane solutions; stress; eruption forecasting; stress tensor inversion; Cascades ID MAGMATIC SYSTEM; EARTHQUAKES; VOLCANO; TENSOR AB The 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St Helens (MSH) Washington was preceded by a swarm of shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VTs) that began on September 23 2004 We calculated locations and fault-plane solutions (FPS) for shallow VTs recorded during a background period (January 1999 to July 2004) and during the early vent-clearing phase (September 23 to 29 2004) of the 2004-2008 eruption FPS show normal and strike-slip faulting during the background period and on September 23 strike-slip and reverse faulting on September 24 and a mixture of strike-slip reverse and normal faulting on September 25-29 The orientation of cri beneath MSH as estimated from stress tensor inversions was found to be sub-horizontal for all periods and oriented NE-SW during the background period NW-SE on September 24 and NE-SW on September 25-29 We suggest that the ephemeral similar to 90 change in sigma(1) orientation was due to intrusion and inflation of a NE-SW-oriented dike in the shallow crust prior to the eruption onset (c) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Lehto, Heather L.; Roman, Diana C.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Moran, Seth C.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Lehto, HL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 528, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699QP UT WOS:000285678200009 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RG Webley, PW AF Vaughan, R. Greg Webley, Peter W. TI Satellite observations of a surtseyan eruption Hunga Ha'apai, Tonga SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hunga Ha apai Volcano; Surtseyan eruption; Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing; ASTER; MODIS ID VOLCANIC ASH CLOUDS; ASTER; SPACEBORNE; ISLANDS; LAKES AB On March 17 2009 a surtseyan eruption occurred around Hunga Ha apai Island Tonga A series of observations from the high spatial resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the high temporal resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate the magnitude location start time and duration of the eruption and measure the evolving charactenstics of the new Hunga Ha apai Island The eruption start time was estimated to be between 01 50 and 11 10 local time on March 17 2009 (i e between 12 50 and 22 10 UTC March 16) The initial explosive phase lasted 3-5 days and consisted of multiple steam and tephra explosions from two distinct vent sources one on the northwest side and another about 100 m off the south shore of the pre-existing island The eruption plume reached 4 0 to 7 6 km altitude above sea level and tephra added new land around each of the vents initially tripling the area of the pre existing Island The next phase of steaming from newly formed crater lakes around the vents lasted a few days Three warm crater lakes formed initially but disappeared with time as the shoreline eroded After similar to 2 months vegetation that was initially buried by tephra was recovering after similar to 10 months the size of the island had eroded down to twice that of the pre-existing island and the one remaining crater lake had a temperature of similar to 68 +/- 17 degrees C The volume of erupted material was estimated to be similar to 0 0176 km(3) and the volcanic explosivity index (VEI) was estimated to be VEI=2 Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Vaughan, R. Greg] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Vaughan, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.017 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699QP UT WOS:000285678200012 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Farrar, CD Williams, CF AF Hurwitz, Shaul Farrar, Christopher D. Williams, Colin F. TI The thermal regime in the resurgent dome of Long Valley Caldera, California Inferences from precision temperature logs in deep wells SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Long Valley; resurgent dome; Caldera heat flow; geothermal; hydrothermal; temperature log ID EASTERN CALIFORNIA; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; MAGMA INTRUSION; MONO CRATERS; FLUID-FLOW; DEFORMATION; UNREST; VOLCANISM; GRAVITY AB Long Valley Caldera in eastern California formed 076 Ma ago in a cataclysmic eruption that resulted in the deposition of 600 km(3) of Bishop Tuff The total current heat flow from the caldera floor is estimated to be similar to 290 MW and a geothermal power plant in Casa Diablo on the flanks of the resurgent dome (RD) generates similar to 40 MWe The RD in the center of the caldera was uplifted by similar to 80 cm between 1980 and 1999 and was explained by most models as a response to magma intrusion into the shallow crust This unrest has led to extensive research on geothermal resources and volcanic hazards in the caldera Here we present results from precise high-resolution temperature-depth profiles in five deep boreholes (327-1 158 m) on the RD to assess its thermal state and more specifically 1) to provide bounds on the advective heat transport as a guide for future geothermal exploration 2) to provide constraints on the occurrence of magma at shallow crustal depths and 3) to provide a baseline for future transient thermal phenomena in response to large earthquakes volcanic activity or geothermal production The temperature profiles display substantial non linearity within each profile and vanability between the different profiles All profiles display significant temperature reversals with depth and temperature gradients <50 C/km at their bottom The maximum temperature in the individual boreholes ranges between 124 7 C and 129 5 C and bottom hole temperatures range between 994 C and 129 5 C The high-temperature units in the three Fumarole Valley boreholes are at the approximate same elevation as the high temperature unit in borehole M-1 in Casa Diablo indicating lateral or sub-lateral hydrothermal flow through the resurgent dome Small differences in temperature between measurements in consecutive years in three of the wells suggest slow cooling of the shallow hydrothermal flow system By matching theoretical curves to segments of the measured temperature profiles we calculate horizontal groundwater velocities in the hydrothermal flow unit under the RD that range from 1 9 to 2 8 m/yr which corresponds to a maximum power flowing through the RD of 3-4 MW The relatively low temperatures and large isothermal segments at the bottom of the temperature profiles are inconsistent with the presence of magma at shallow crustal levels Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Hurwitz, Shaul; Williams, Colin F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Farrar, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, Carnelian Bay, CA USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U S Geological Survey FX Fred Grubb conducted most of the temperature measurements with the heat flow truck and Fred Murphy Martin Saar and Jimmy Randolph helped with manual temperature measurements Gene Suemnicht and Mike Sorey are thanked for providing industrial temperature logs from the 1980s and Marshall Reiter is thanked for valuable insights with the calculations Dave Hill Bob Manner and two journal reviewers provided constructive and insightful reviews This study was funded by the U S Geological Survey Geothermal and Volcano Hazards programs NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.023 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699QP UT WOS:000285678200016 ER PT J AU Carson, EW Hanna, AH Garrett, GP Gibson, JR Gold, JR AF Carson, Evan W. Hanna, Ashley H. Garrett, Gary P. Gibson, James R. Gold, John R. TI CONSERVATION GENETICS OF CYPRINID FISHES (GENUS DIONDA) IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA II EXPANSION OF THE KNOWN RANGE OF THE MANANTIAL ROUNDNOSE MINNOW DIONDA ARGENTOSA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ACTINOPTERYGII; ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; TEXAS AB Cyprimids belonging to the genus Dionda have a relatively broad distribution in southwestern North America However validity of populations in several of the nominal species has not been examined rigorously During the course of a conservation-genetics study of Dionda in western Texas we determined that one population presumed to represent Dionda episcopa Instead belongs to Dionda argentose This extends the native range of D argentose to Include the lower Pecos River basin in addition to its currently recognized distribution in three tributaries of the Rio Grande Conservation implications for both species are discussed C1 [Carson, Evan W.; Hanna, Ashley H.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Garrett, Gary P.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Inland Fisheries Div, Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ingram, TX 78205 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Carson, EW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [199634]; Texas AgriLife Research [H 6703] FX We thank R J Edwards P Fleming D McConville C Phillips and K. Reeves for assistance with collections M R Renshaw for technical assistance in the laboratory T E Dowling and P J Unmack for kindly providing genomic DNA from C anomalum and N micropogon and C Santamaria for assistance with translation of the abstract into Spanish Research was supported by State Wildlife Grant 199634 of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Project H 6703 of Texas AgriLife Research This paper is contribution 171 of the Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity at Texas A&M University Views presented do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service or the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 576 EP 581 DI 10.1894/CMT-03.1 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703CQ UT WOS:000285952100016 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Jones, BM Schmutz, JA Urban, FE Jorgenson, MT AF Arp, Christopher D. Jones, Benjamin M. Schmutz, Joel A. Urban, Frank E. Jorgenson, M. Torre TI Two mechanisms of aquatic and terrestrial habitat change along an Alaskan Arctic coastline SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Coastal Plain; Alaska; Coastal erosion; Storm surge flooding; Salt-burned tundra; Thermokarst lakes; Lake drainage ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEAUFORT SEA COAST; NORTHERN ALASKA; TESHEKPUK LAKE; WIND EVENTS; EROSION; BARROW; ECOSYSTEMS; TOPOGRAPHY AB Arctic habitats at the interface between land and sea are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The northern Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (N-TLSA), a coastal plain ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea in northern Alaska, provides habitat for migratory waterbirds, caribou, and potentially, denning polar bears. The 60-km coastline of N-TLSA is experiencing increasing rates of coastline erosion and storm surge flooding far inland resulting in lake drainage and conversion of freshwater lakes to estuaries. These physical mechanisms are affecting upland tundra as well. To better understand how these processes are affecting habitat, we analyzed long-term observational records coupled with recent short-term monitoring. Nearly the entire coastline has accelerating rates of erosion ranging from 6 m/year from 1955 to 1979 and most recently peaking at 17 m/year from 2007 to 2009, yet an intensive monitoring site along a higher bluff (3-6 masl) suggested high interannual variability. The frequency and magnitude of storm events appears to be increasing along this coastline and these patterns correspond to a greater number of lake tapping and flooding events since 2000. For the entire N-TLSA, we estimate that 6% of the landscape consists of salt-burned tundra, while 41% is prone to storm surge flooding. This offset may indicate the relative frequency of low-magnitude flood events along the coastal fringe. Monitoring of coastline lakes confirms that moderate westerly storms create extensive flooding, while easterly storms have negligible effects on lakes and low-lying tundra. This study of two interacting physical mechanisms, coastal erosion and storm surge flooding, provides an important example of the complexities and data needs for predicting habitat change and biological responses along Arctic land-ocean interfaces. C1 [Arp, Christopher D.; Jones, Benjamin M.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Urban, Frank E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] ABR Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM carp@usgs.gov OI Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 FU U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring; NSF FX We thank the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Richard Beck with University of Cincinnati, and Barrow Arctic Research Consortium for logistical and technical support and Philip Martin with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Craig Ely with U.S. Geological Survey for helpful and thorough review of this manuscript. This manuscript was also improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this research was primarily provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring programs, and additional support was also provided by NSF. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1629 EP 1640 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0800-5 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 708VN UT WOS:000286392500004 ER PT J AU Williams, JH Reynolds, RJ Franzi, DA Romanowicz, EA Paillet, FL AF Williams, John H. Reynolds, Richard J. Franzi, David A. Romanowicz, Edwin A. Paillet, Frederick L. TI Hydrogeology of the Potsdam Sandstone in Northern New York SO CANADIAN WATER RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC; CANADA; MARGIN AB The Potsdam Sandstone of Cambrian age forms a transboundary aquifer that extends across northern New York and into southern Quebec. The Potsdam Sandstone is a gently dipping sequence of arkose, subarkose, and orthoquartzite that unconformably overlies Precambrian metamorphic bedrock. The Potsdam irregularly grades upward over a thickness of 450 m from a heterogeneous feldspathic and argillaceous rock to a homogeneous, quartz-rich and matrix-poor rock. The hydrogeological framework of the Potsdam Sandstone was investigated through an analysis of records from 1,500 wells and geophysical logs from 40 wells, and through compilation of GIS coverages of bedrock and surficial geology, examination of bedrock cores, and construction of hydrogeological sections. The upper several metres of the sandstone typically is weathered and fractured and, where saturated, readily transmits groundwater. Bedding-related fractures in the sandstone commonly form sub-horizontal flow zones of relatively high transmissivity. The vertical distribution of sub-horizontal flow zones is variable; spacings of less than 10 m are common. Transmissivity of individual flow zones may be more than 100 m(2)/d but typically is less than 10 m2/d. High angle fractures, including joints and faults, locally provide vertical hydraulic connection between flow zones. Hydraulic head gradients in the aquifer commonly are downward; a laterally extensive series of sub-horizontal flow zones serve as drains for the groundwater flow system. Vertical hydraulic head differences between shallow and deep flow zones range from 1 m to more than 20 m. The maximum head differences are in recharge areas upgradient from the area where the Chateauguay and Chazy Rivers, and their tributaries, have cut into till and bedrock. Till overlies the sandstone in much of the study area; its thickness is generally greatest in the western part, where it may exceed 50 m. A discontinuous belt of bedrock pavements stripped of glacial drift extends across the eastern part of the study area; the largest of these is Altona Flat Rock. Most recharge to the sandstone aquifer occurs in areas of thin, discontinuous till and exposed bedrock; little recharge occurs in areas where this unit is overlain by thick till and clay. Discharge from the sandstone aquifer provides stream and river baseflow and is the source of many springs. A series of springs that are used for municipal bottled water and fish-hatchery supply discharge from 1,000 to 5,000 L/min adjacent to several tributaries east of the Chateauguay River. The major recharge areas for the Chateauguay springs are probably upgradient to the southeast, where the till cover is thin or absent. C1 [Williams, John H.; Reynolds, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Franzi, David A.; Romanowicz, Edwin A.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RP Williams, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. FU National Science Foundation; William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute; Research Foundation at SUNY Plattsburgh FX Funding for the investigation of the Potsdam Sandstone aquifer in northern New York was provided as part of the USGS Ground-Water Resources Program (http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp). The continuing hydrogeologic research at Altona Flat Rock is supported by the National Science Foundation Research for Undergraduates Program, the William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, and the Research Foundation at SUNY Plattsburgh (http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/david.franzi/esfl/esflhome.htm). The authors thank Miroslav Nastev and Denis Lavoie of the GSC, Charles Lamontagne of the MENVQ Tommy Tremblay of the University of Quebec at Montreal, Marie Pierre Dagenais of Laval University, Roger Morin of the USGS, and the other Chateauguay project members for their technical support, sharing of their data, and their hospitality during the investigation. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU CANADIAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOC-CWRA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, STE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0701-1784 J9 CAN WATER RESOUR J JI Can. Water Resour. J. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 SI SI BP 399 EP 416 DI 10.4296/cwrj3504399 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 705QP UT WOS:000286153300004 ER PT J AU Ennen, JR Kreiser, BR Qualls, CP Lovich, JE AF Ennen, Joshua R. Kreiser, Brian R. Qualls, Carl P. Lovich, Jeffrey E. TI Morphological and Molecular Reassessment of Graptemys oculifera and Graptemys flavimaculata (Testudines: Emydidae) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURTLES GRAPTEMYS; MITOCHONDRIAL; CONSERVATION; PHYLOGENIES; EVOLUTION; RANGE AB The turtle genus Graptemys consists of 15 recognized taxa, distinguished largely on the basis of pigmentation pattern (i.e., soft tissue and shell), head size, and shell morphology. However, phylogenetic studies have shown limited sequence divergence within the genus and between Graptemys oculifera and Graptemys flavimaculata relative to most other members of the Emydidae. Graptemys oculifera of the Pearl River drainage and G. flavimaculata of the Pascagoula River drainage have been recognized as species since 1890 and 1954, respectively. However, the description of G. flavimaculata was based on a limited number of morphological characters. Several of these characters overlap between G. flavimaculata and G. oculifera, and no attempt was made to test for significant morphological differentiation. In this study, we reevaluated the morphological and genetic distinctiveness of G. flavimaculata and G. oculifera with (1) multivariate statistical analyses of 44 morphological characters and (2) 1,560 bp of sequence data from two mitochondria! genes (control region and ND4). The morphological and molecular analyses produced incongruent results. The principal components analysis ordinations separated the two species along a pigmentation gradient with G. flavimaculata having more yellow pigmentation than G. oculifera. Likewise, clustering analyses separated the specimens into two distinct groups with little overlap between the species. Our mitochondrial data supported previous findings of limited genetic differentiation between the two species. However, the results of our morphological analyses, in conjunction with recently published nuclear gene sequence data, support the continued recognition of the two species. C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Kreiser, Brian R.; Qualls, Carl P.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Ennen, Joshua R.; Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM jennen@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 544 EP 554 DI 10.1670/09-120.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 701WE UT WOS:000285855100006 ER PT J AU Brock, JC Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M Poore, RZ Nayegandhi, A Wright, CW AF Brock, J. C. Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M. Poore, R. Z. Nayegandhi, A. Wright, C. W. TI Holocene aggradation of the Dry Tortugas coral reef ecosystem SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Lidar; Holocene sea level; Coral reef terraces; Florida Keys; Dry Tortugas ID ACROPORA-PALMATA FRAMEWORK; INTERTIDAL MANGROVE PEAT; MISSISSIPPI-RIVER FLOOD; BISCAYNE-NATIONAL-PARK; SEA-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; CALIBRATED C-14 DATES; LAST GLACIAL CYCLE; FLORIDA-KEYS; SOUTH FLORIDA; PATCH REEFS AB Radiometric age dating of reef cores acquired at the Dry Tortugas coral reef ecosystem (DTCRE) was merged with lidar topographic mapping to examine Holocene reef development linked to spatial variation in growth and erosion under the control of sea level. Analysis of variance of lidar topography confirmed the presence of three distinct terraces on all three major DTCRE banks (Loggerhead Bank, Garden Bank, and Pulaski Bank). Reef building on the middle terrace (T2) began atop Pleistocene edifices on Loggerhead Bank by 8.0 ka (thousands of years ago) and on Garden Bank by 7.2 ka at elevations of about -16.0 m and -11.9 m, respectively, relative to present mean sea level. Following this initiation at different elevations, T2 aggraded vertically on both banks at different rates during the early Holocene under foundering conditions until a highstand at 5.2 ka, resulting in a 2.21 m offset in present mean T2 elevation between these banks. Initiation of an upper terrace (T1) occurred on both Loggerhead Bank and Garden Bank in association with sea-level fall to a lowstand at near 4.8 ka. This upper terrace initiated on Garden Bank at about 5.0 ka and then grew upward at rate of 2.5 mm year(-1) until approximately 3.8 ka(.) On Loggerhead Bank, the upper T1 terrace formed after 4.5 ka at a higher vertical aggradation rate of 4.1 mm year(-1), but at a lower elevation than on Garden Bank. Terrace T1 aggraded on Loggerhead Bank below the elevation of lowstands during late Holocene sea-level oscillation, and consequently erosion on Loggerhead Bank was minimal and likely limited to the crest of the upper terrace. In contrast, after 3.8 ka terrace T1 on Garden Bank likely tracked sea level and consequently underwent erosion when sea level fell to second, third and fourth lowstands at 3.3, 1.1, and 0.3 ka. C1 [Brock, J. C.] USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M.; Poore, R. Z.; Nayegandhi, A.; Wright, C. W.] USGS Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Brock, JC (reprint author), USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jbrock@usgs.gov FU USGS FX L. Travers, B. Boynton, T. D. Hickey, and T. Burress are gratefully acknowledged for assistance in the preparation of figures, core sample preparation, and reference searching. J. Brock thanks B. Lidz, C. Reich, K. Tedesco, and T. Burress for quite useful reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors thank V. Rabine for his dedication and skill as the Chief Pilot of the Cessna 310 aircraft used for the NASA EAARL lidar overflights of the Dry Tortugas while Hurricane Charley approached. The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded this investigation as a component of the Decision Support for Coastal Parks and Sanctuaries Project. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 857 EP 868 DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0658-6 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676TE UT WOS:000283940700005 ER PT J AU Graly, JA Bierman, PR Reusser, LJ Pavich, MJ AF Graly, Joseph A. Bierman, Paul R. Reusser, Lucas J. Pavich, Milan J. TI Meteoric Be-10 in soil profiles - A global meta-analysis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FLUVIAL TERRACES; EROSION RATES; CHINESE LOESS; NEW-ZEALAND; BERYLLIUM; RIVER; CALIFORNIA; RECORD; GEOCHEMISTRY; PIEDMONT AB In order to assess current understanding of meteoric Be-10 dynamics and distribution in terrestrial soils, we assembled a database of all published meteoric Be-10 soil depth profiles, including 104 profiles from 27 studies in globally diverse locations, collectively containing 679 individual measurements. This allows for the systematic comparison of meteoric Be-10 concentration to other soil characteristics and the comparison of profile depth distributions between geologic settings. Percent clay, Be-9, and dithionite-citrate extracted Al positively correlate to meteoric Be-10 in more than half of the soils where they were measured, but the lack of significant correlation in other soils suggests that no one soil factor controls meteoric Be-10 distribution with depth. Dithionite-citrate extracted Fe and cation exchange capacity are only weakly correlated to meteoric Be-10. Percent organic carbon and pH are not significantly related to meteoric Be-10 concentration when all data are complied. The compilation shows that meteoric Be-10 concentration is seldom uniform with depth in a soil profile. In young or rapidly eroding soils, maximum meteoric Be-10 concentrations are typically found in the uppermost 20 cm. In older, more slowly eroding soils, the highest meteoric Be-10 concentrations are found at depth, usually between 50 and 200 cm. We find that the highest measured meteoric Be-10 concentration in a soil profile is an important metric, as both the value and the depth of the maximum meteoric The concentration correlate with the total measured meteoric Be-10 inventory of the soil profile. In order to refine the use of meteoric Be-10 as an estimator of soil erosion rate, we compare near-surface meteoric Be-10 concentrations to total meteoric Be-10 soil inventories. These trends are used to calibrate models of meteoric Be-10 loss by soil erosion. Erosion rates calculated using this method vary based on the assumed depth and timing of erosional events and on the reference data selected. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Graly, Joseph A.; Bierman, Paul R.; Reusser, Lucas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Pavich, Milan J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22029 USA. RP Graly, JA (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM jgraly@uvm.edu OI Graly, Joseph/0000-0002-7939-6022 FU National Science Foundation [ARC-0713956] FX Work supported by National Science Foundation Grant ARC-0713956. Manuscript handled by associate editor G. Herzog, who along with A. Albrecht and two anonymous reviewers made helpful suggestions for improvement. Conversations with G. Pinder, A. Bacon, G. Druschel, G. Balco, and E. Portenga were beneficial. NR 61 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 23 BP 6814 EP 6829 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.036 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 679WR UT WOS:000284192000013 ER PT J AU Bouska, WW Keane, T Paukert, CP AF Bouska, Wesley W. Keane, Timothy Paukert, Craig P. TI The Effects of Road Crossings on Prairie Stream Habitat and Function SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT; FOREST AB Improperly designed stream crossing structures may alter the form and function of stream ecosystems and habitat and prohibit the movement of aquatic organisms. Stream sections adjoining five concrete box culverts, five low-water crossings (concrete slabs vented by one or multiple culverts), and two large, single corrugated culvert vehicle crossings in eastern Kansas streams were compared to reference reaches using a geomorphologic survey and stream classification. Stream reaches were also compared upstream and downstream of crossings, and crossing measurements were used to determine which crossing design best mimicked the natural dimensions of the adjoining stream. Four of five low-water crossings, three of five box culverts, and one of two large, single corrugated pipe culverts changed classification from upstream to downstream of the crossings. Mean riffle spacing upstream at low-water crossings (8.6 bankfull widths) was double that of downstream reaches (mean 4.4 bankfull widths) but was similar upstream and downstream of box and corrugated pipe culverts. There also appeared to be greater deposition of fine sediments directly upstream of these designs. Box and corrugated culverts were more similar to natural streams than low-water crossings at transporting water, sediments, and debris during bankfull flows. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Keane, Timothy] Kansas State Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Reg & Community Pla, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM paukertc@missouri.edu FU Kansas Department of Transportation; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX This study was funded through the Kansas Department of Transportation. Kirk Mammoliti, Alex Lyon, and Luke Kowalski provided field assistance. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664398 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 680OA UT WOS:000284243100001 ER PT J AU Smith, CD Neebling, TE Quist, MC AF Smith, Christopher D. Neebling, Travis E. Quist, Michael C. TI Population Dynamics of the Sand Shiner (Notropis stramineus) in Non-Wadeable Rivers of Iowa SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; FISH POPULATIONS; STREAM; RECRUITMENT; HISTORY; LAKES; LIFE; DEGRADATION; COMMUNITIES AB The sand shiner (Notropis stramineus) is a common cyprinid found throughout the Great Plains region of North America that plays an important ecological role in aquatic systems. This study was conducted to describe population dynamics of sand shiners including age structure, growth, mortality, and recruitment variability in 15 non-wadeable rivers in Iowa. Fish were collected during June-August (2007-2008) using a modified Missouri trawl, a seine, and boat-mounted electrofishing. Scales were removed for age and growth analysis. A total of 3,443 fish was sampled from 15 populations across Iowa, of which 676 were aged. Iowa's sand shiner populations consisted primarily of age-1 fish (53% of all fish sampled), followed by age-2 fish (30%), age-0 fish (15%), and age-3 fish (2%). Sand shiners grew an average of 38.5 mm (SE = 5.7) during their first year, 13.8 mm (4.5) during their second year, and 9.0 mm (6.9) during their third year. Total annual mortality varied from 35.0% to 92.3% among populations with a mean of 77.9% (0.2). Incremental mortality rates were 84.5% (0.2) between age 1 and age 2, and 92.0% (0.1) between age 2 and age 3. Recruitment was highly variable, as indicated by a mean recruitment variation index of -0.12 (0.54). Overall, the sand shiner was characterized by relatively low mean age, fast growth, high mortality, and high recruitment variability. Indices of sand shiner population dynamics were poorly correlated with habitat characteristics. C1 [Smith, Christopher D.; Neebling, Travis E.; Quist, Michael C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, USGS Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 441141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mcquist@uidaho.edu FU Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management; Iowa Department of Natural Resources [07-04HA-18] FX We thank A. Schaefer, W. Massure, S. Wigen, M. Mork, S. Bisping, R. Burch, and M. Spurgen for assistance in the field and laboratory. Additional thanks are extended to G. Gelwicks, G. Simmons, T. Wilton and J. Olson for assistance with developing field sampling protocols. This project was supported, in part, by the Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources through Grant No. 07-04HA-18. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 617 EP 626 DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664411 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 680OA UT WOS:000284243100014 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BL Hondzo, M Harvey, JW AF O'Connor, Ben L. Hondzo, Miki Harvey, Judson W. TI Predictive Modeling of Transient Storage and Nutrient Uptake: Implications for Stream Restoration SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Restoration; Nutrient loads; Transport phenomena; Fluvial Hydraulics; Surface waters ID LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; WATER VELOCITY; NITRATE UPTAKE; DENITRIFICATION; TRANSPORT; RIVER; RETENTION; EXCHANGE; DISTURBANCE; PARAMETERS AB This study examined two key aspects of reactive transport modeling for stream restoration purposes: the accuracy of the nutrient spiraling and transient storage models for quantifying reach-scale nutrient uptake, and the ability to quantify transport parameters using measurements and scaling techniques in order to improve upon traditional conservative tracer fitting methods. Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) uptake rates inferred using the nutrient spiraling model underestimated the total NO(3)(-) mass loss by 82%, which was attributed to the exclusion of dispersion and transient storage. The transient storage model was more accurate with respect to the NO(3)(-) mass loss (+/- 20%) and also demonstrated that uptake in the main channel was more significant than in storage zones. Conservative tracer fitting was unable to produce transport parameter estimates for a riffle-pool transition of the study reach, while forward modeling of solute transport using measured/scaled transport parameters matched conservative tracer breakthrough curves for all reaches. Additionally, solute exchange between the main channel and embayment surface storage zones was quantified using first-order theory. These results demonstrate that it is vital to account for transient storage in quantifying nutrient uptake, and the continued development of measurement/scaling techniques is needed for reactive transport modeling of streams with complex hydraulic and geomorphic conditions. C1 [O'Connor, Ben L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hondzo, Miki] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, St Anthony Falls Lab, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP O'Connor, BL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, EVS 240, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM boconnor@anl.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU National Research Council (NRC) at USGS in Reston, Virginia; National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED); Office of Integrative Activities of the National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0120914]; National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA); USGS; NSF [EAR-0814990] FX The manuscript was prepared while B. L. O'Connor held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at USGS in Reston, Virginia. OTIS modeling assistance was provided by Lauren McPhillips (USGS). Funding was provided by the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED), a Science and Technology Center funded by the Office of Integrative Activities of the National Science Foundation (NSF) (under Agreement No. EAR-0120914), as well as the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and National Research programs of the USGS. Funding for J.W. Harvey was also provided by NSF (under Agreement No. EAR-0814990). Earlier versions of the manuscript were improved upon thanks to comments from colleague reviewers Cailin Huyck Orr and Harry Jenter, as well as journal reviewers Peter Wilcock and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 34 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2010 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1018 EP 1032 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000180 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 680ZP UT WOS:000284276300006 ER PT J AU McDonald, R Nelson, J Paragamian, V Barton, G AF McDonald, Richard Nelson, Jonathan Paragamian, Vaughn Barton, Gary TI Modeling the Effect of Flow and Sediment Transport on White Sturgeon Spawning Habitat in the Kootenai River, Idaho SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE River systems; Velocity; Depth; Shear stress; Sediment transport; Sand; Gravel; Scour; Dams; Ecology ID ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; SACRAMENTO RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; LIBBY DAM; POPULATION; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS AB Kootenai River white sturgeon spawn in an 18-km reach of the Kootenai River, Id. Since completion of Libby Dam upstream from the spawning reach in 1972, 1974 is the only year with documented significant recruitment of juvenile fish. Where successful in other rivers, white sturgeon spawn over clean coarse material of gravel size or larger. The channel substrate in the current (2008) 18-km spawning reach is composed primarily of sand and some buried gravel; within a few kilometers upstream there is an extended reach of clean gravel, cobble, and bedrock. We used a quasi-three-dimensional flow and sediment-transport model along with the locations of collected sturgeon eggs as a proxy for spawning location from 1994 to 2002 to gain insight into spawning-habitat selection in a reach which is currently unsuitable due to the lack of coarse substrate. Spatial correlations between spawning locations and simulated velocity and depth indicate fish select regions of higher velocity and greater depth within any river cross section to spawn. These regions of high velocity and depth occur in the same locations regardless of the discharge magnitude as modeled over a range of pre- and postdam flow conditions. A flow and sediment-transport simulation shows high discharge, and relatively long-duration flow associated with predam flow events is sufficient to scour the fine sediment overburden, periodically exposing existing lenses of gravel and cobble as lag deposits in the current spawning reach. This is corroborated by video observations of bed surface material following a significant flood event in 2006, which show gravel and cobble present in many locations in the current spawning reach. Thus, both modeling and observations suggest that the relative rarity of extremely high flows in the current regulated flow regime is at least partly responsible for the lack of successful spawning; in the predam flow regime, frequent high flows removed the fine sediment overburden, unveiling coarse material and providing suitable substrate in the current spawning reach. C1 [McDonald, Richard; Nelson, Jonathan] USGS, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Paragamian, Vaughn] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [Barton, Gary] USGS, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP McDonald, R (reprint author), USGS, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM rmcd@usgs.gov; jmn@usgs.gov; vaughn.paragamian@idfg.idaho.gov; gbarton@usgs.gov OI McDonald, Richard/0000-0002-0703-0638 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The writers would like to thank Sue Ireland and the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho for their kind support. Rick Backsend, John Gralow, and Russ Christensen, Post Falls, Idaho, and Edward Moran, Anchorage, Alaska, all with the U. S. Geological Survey, worked long hours collecting data on the Kootenai River for this project. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2010 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1077 EP 1092 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000283 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 680ZP UT WOS:000284276300011 ER PT J AU Davis, WN Bramblett, RG Zale, AV AF Davis, Windy N. Bramblett, Robert G. Zale, Alexander V. TI Effects of coalbed natural gas development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coalbed natural gas; energy development; Great Plains; index of biotic integrity; stream fish ID SPATIAL VARIATION; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WATERS; COMMUNITIES; METHANE; INDEX AB 1. Extraction of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) often results in disposal of large quantities of CBNG product water, which may affect aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of CBNG development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers. We used treatment and control, impact versus reference sites comparisons, surveys of CBNG product-water streams and in situ fish survival approaches to determine if CBNG development affected fish assemblages. 2. Several of our results suggested that CBNG development did not affect fish assemblages. Species richness and index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores were similar in streams with and streams without CBNG development, and overall biotic integrity was not related to the number or density of CBNG wells. Fish occurred in one stream that was composed largely or entirely of CBNG product water. Sentinel fish survived in cages at treatment sites where no or few fish were captured, suggesting that factors such as lack of stream connectivity rather than water quality limited fish abundance at these sites. Fish species richness did not differ significantly from 1994 to 2006 in comparisons of CBNG-developed and undeveloped streams. Biotic integrity declined from 1994 to 2006; however, declines occurred at both impact and reference sites, possibly because of long-term drought. 3. Some evidence suggested that CBNG development negatively affected fish assemblages, or may do so over time. Specific conductivity was on average higher in treatment streams and was negatively related to biotic integrity. Four IBI species richness metrics were negatively correlated with the number or density of CBNG wells in the catchment above sampling sites. Bicarbonate, one of the primary ions in product water, was significantly higher in developed streams and may have limited abundance of longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Total dissolved solids, alkalinity, magnesium and sulphate were significantly higher in developed streams. 4. Biological monitoring conducted before the development of CBNG, and continuing through the life of development and reclamation, together with data on the quantity, quality and fate of CBNG product water will allow robust assessment of potential effects of future CBNG development worldwide. C1 [Bramblett, Robert G.; Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Bramblett, RG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bbram@montana.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; Wild Fish Habitat Initiative of the Montana State University Water Center FX This work was made possible by funding from the Bureau of Land Management and the Wild Fish Habitat Initiative of the Montana State University Water Center. We thank Billie Kerans for her valuable guidance and expertise with statistical analyses, and we thank Mark Taper and Christopher Guy for statistical advise. We thank Tiffany Holland and Ryan White for help with field sampling. Bill Bradshaw, Lynn DiGennaro, Sandy Fischer, Larry Gerard, Paul Mavrakis, Joe Platz, Brad Schmitz and Bud Stewart provided logistical support and guidance. Anna Senecal, Don Skaar, Bud Stewart, and two anonymous referees provided reviews of an earlier draft of this article. This work would not have been possible without the cooperation of Wyoming and Montana landowners who graciously allowed us to conduct field work on their property. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement from the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 12 BP 2612 EP 2625 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02480.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 674GQ UT WOS:000283725300014 ER PT J AU Garner, TWJ Hero, JM Jehle, R Kraus, F Muths, E Reed, RN Vogt, RC Hodl, W AF Garner, T. W. J. Hero, J-M Jehle, R. Kraus, F. Muths, E. Reed, R. N. Vogt, R. C. Hoedl, W. TI The World Congress of Herpetology and Animal Conservation: excerpts from the 6th World Congress SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DECLINES C1 [Garner, T. W. J.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Hero, J-M] Griffith Univ, Environm Futures Ctr, Sch Environm, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Jehle, R.] Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Ctr Environm Syst & Wildlife Res, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [Kraus, F.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Muths, E.; Reed, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Vogt, R. C.] CPBA INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Hoedl, W.] Univ Vienna, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Vienna, Austria. RP Garner, TWJ (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. EM trent.garner@ioz.ac.uk NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 SU 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00408.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676VE UT WOS:000283946000001 ER PT J AU Reed, RN Kraus, F AF Reed, R. N. Kraus, F. TI Invasive reptiles and amphibians: global perspectives and local solutions SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Reed, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kraus, F.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Reed, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM reedr@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 SU 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00409.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676VE UT WOS:000283946000002 ER PT J AU Muths, E Hero, JM AF Muths, E. Hero, J-M TI Amphibian declines: promising directions in understanding the role of disease SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHYTRID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; POPULATION DECLINES; INFECTION; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; PREVALENCE; FUNGUS; FROGS C1 [Hero, J-M] Griffith Univ, Environm Futures Ctr, Sch Environm, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Muths, E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hero, JM (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Environm Futures Ctr, Sch Environm, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. EM m.hero@griffith.edu.au NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 SU 1 BP 33 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00410.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676VE UT WOS:000283946000006 ER PT J AU Hunter, ME Auil-Gomez, NE Tucker, KP Bonde, RK Powell, J McGuire, PM AF Hunter, M. E. Auil-Gomez, N. E. Tucker, K. P. Bonde, R. K. Powell, J. McGuire, P. M. TI Low genetic variation and evidence of limited dispersal in the regionally important Belize manatee SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; low diversity; microsatellite; mitochondria; marine mammal; West Indian manatee ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; FLORIDA MANATEE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION; LATIROSTRIS; PROGRAM; WHALES AB The Antillean subspecies of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus is found throughout Central and South America and the Caribbean. Because of severe hunting pressure during the 17th through 19th centuries, only small populations of the once widespread aquatic mammal remain. Fortunately, protections in Belize reduced hunting in the 1930s and allowed the country's manatee population to become the largest breeding population in the Wider Caribbean. However, increasing and emerging anthropogenic threats such as coastal development, pollution, watercraft collision and net entanglement represent challenges to this ecologically important population. To inform conservation and management decisions, a comprehensive molecular investigation of the genetic diversity, relatedness and population structure of the Belize manatee population was conducted using mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. Compared with other mammal populations, a low degree of genetic diversity was detected (H(E)=0.455; N(A)=3.4), corresponding to the small population size and long-term exploitation. Manatees from the Belize City Cayes and Southern Lagoon system were genetically different, with microsatellite and mitochondrial F(ST) values of 0.029 and 0.078, respectively (P < 0.05). This, along with the distinct habitats and threats, indicates that separate protection of these two groups would best preserve the region's diversity. The Belize population and Florida subspecies appear to be unrelated with microsatellite and mitochondrial F(ST) values of 0.141 and 0.63, respectively (P < 0.001), supporting the subspecies designations and suggesting low vagility throughout the northern Caribbean habitat. Further monitoring and protection may allow an increase in the Belize manatee genetic diversity and population size. A large and expanding Belize population could potentially assist in the recovery of other threatened or functionally extinct Central American Antillean manatee populations. C1 [Hunter, M. E.; Bonde, R. K.] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Auil-Gomez, N. E.] Wildlife Trust, Belize City, Belize. [Hunter, M. E.; Bonde, R. K.; McGuire, P. M.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Auil-Gomez, N. E.; Powell, J.] Sea Shore Alliance, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Tucker, K. P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM mkellogg@usgs.gov OI Tucker, Kimberly/0000-0002-5271-3315; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU USGS; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine FX This work was conducted under the USFWS Wildlife Research Permit MA791721, issued to the USGS, Sirenia Project. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS, and the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Aquatic Animal Health Program. We would like to thank the Belize Manatee Project that provided access to genetic samples, logistical support and permission to collaboratively work under their Belize Forestry Department scientific collection and research permits CD/72/02 and CD/60/3/03 with subsequent amendments issued to N. Auil-Gomez and J.A. Powell. Additionally, Ginger Clark with the UF ICBR and Sean McCann provided critical technical assistance and Martha Sudholt and Susana Caballero provided helpful editorial recommendations. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 IS 6 BP 592 EP 602 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00383.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690LL UT WOS:000285006200013 ER PT J AU Revesz, KM Breen, KJ Baldassare, AJ Burruss, RC AF Revesz, Kinga M. Breen, Kevin J. Baldassare, Alfred J. Burruss, Robert C. TI Carbon and hydrogen isotopic evidence for the origin of combustible gases in water-supply wells in north-central Pennsylvania SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL GASES; APPALACHIAN BASIN; METHANE OXIDATION; FRACTIONATION; ETHANE AB The origin of the combustible gases in groundwater from glacial-outwash and fractured-bedrock aquifers was investigated in northern Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Thermogenic methane (CH(4)) and ethane (C(2)H(6)) and microbial CH(4) were found. Microbial CH(4) is from natural in situ processes in the shale bedrock and occurs chiefly in the bedrock aquifer. The delta(13)C values of CH(4) and C(2)H(6) for the majority of thermogenic gases from water wells either matched or were between values for the samples of non-native storage-field gas from injection wells and the samples of gas from storage-field observation wells. Traces of C(2)H(6) with microbial CH(4) and a range of C and H isotopic compositions of CH(4) indicate gases of different origins are mixing in sub-surface pathways: gas mixtures are present in groundwater. Pathways for gas migration and a specific source of the gases were not identified. Processes responsible for the presence of microbial gases in groundwater could be elucidated with further geochemical study. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Revesz, Kinga M.; Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Breen, Kevin J.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Baldassare, Alfred J.] Penn Dept Environm Protect, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Revesz, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM krevesz@usgs.gov; kjbreen@usgs.gov FU USGS Cooperative Water Program; USGS National Research Program; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection FX Funding for the study was provided by the USGS Cooperative Water Program, USGS National Research Program, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The study could not have been completed without the cooperation of the 91 local residents who granted permission to have their water wells sampled. Scott A. Hoffman, USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center, prepared the map figures. The authors thank L. Niel Plummer and William H. Orem, both of USGS, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved an earlier draft of this paper. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1845 EP 1859 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.09.011 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 703DJ UT WOS:000285954000006 ER PT J AU Frazier, TG Wood, N Yarnal, B Bauer, DH AF Frazier, Tim G. Wood, Nathan Yarnal, Brent Bauer, Denise H. TI Influence of potential sea level rise on societal vulnerability to hurricane storm-surge hazards, Sarasota County, Florida SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Climate change; Hurricanes; Planning; Resilience; Sea level rise; Storm surge vulnerability ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CLIMATOLOGY; INTENSITY; MODEL; FREQUENCY; INCREASE; SCIENCE; IMPACT AB Although the potential for hurricanes under current climatic conditions continue to threaten coastal communities, there is concern that climate change, specifically potential increases in sea level, could influence the impacts of future hurricanes. To examine the potential effect of sea level rise on community vulnerability to future hurricanes, we assess variations in socioeconomic exposure in Sarasota County, FL to contemporary hurricane storm-surge hazards and to storm-surge hazards enhanced by sea level rise scenarios. Analysis indicates that significant portions of the population, economic activity, and critical facilities are in contemporary and future hurricane storm-surge hazard zones. The addition of sea level rise to contemporary storm-surge hazard zones effectively causes population and asset (infrastructure, natural resources, etc) exposure to be equal to or greater than what is in the hazard zone of the next higher contemporary Saffir-Simpson hurricane category. There is variability among communities for this increased exposure, with greater increases in socioeconomic exposure due to the addition of sea level rise to storm-surge hazard zones as one progresses south along the shoreline. Analysis of the 2050 comprehensive land use plan suggests efforts to manage future growth in residential, economic and infrastructure development in Sarasota County may increase societal exposure to hurricane storm-surge hazards. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Frazier, Tim G.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Wood, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Yarnal, Brent] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bauer, Denise H.] Univ Idaho, Dept Mech Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Frazier, TG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, POB 443021, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tfrazier@uidaho.edu; nwood@usgs.gov; alibar@psu.edu; dbauer@uidaho.edu OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 NR 61 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 SI SI BP 490 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.005 PG 16 WC Geography SC Geography GA 665BT UT WOS:000283010700005 ER PT J AU Frazier, TG Wood, N Yarnal, B AF Frazier, Tim G. Wood, Nathan Yarnal, Brent TI Stakeholder perspectives on land-use strategies for adapting to climate-change-enhanced coastal hazards: Sarasota, Florida SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Adaptation planning; Resilience; Collaborative spatial decision making; Participatory mapping; Vulnerability; Hurricane storm surge; Sea level rise; Stakeholder; Florida ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; ADAPTATION; POLICY; MANAGEMENT; GOVERNMENT; FRAMEWORK AB Sustainable land-use planning requires decision makers to balance community growth with resilience to natural hazards. This balance is especially difficult in many coastal communities where planners must grapple with significant growth projections, the persistent threat of extreme events (e.g., hurricanes), and climate-change-driven sea level rise that not only presents a chronic hazard but also alters the spatial extent of sudden-onset hazards such as hurricanes. We examine these stressors on coastal, long-term land-use planning by reporting the results of a one-day community workshop held in Sarasota County, Florida that included focus groups and participatory mapping exercises. Workshop participants reflected various political agendas and socioeconomic interests of five local knowledge domains: business, environment, emergency management and infrastructure, government, and planning. Through a series of alternating domain-specific focus groups and interactive plenary sessions, participants compared the county 2050 comprehensive land-use plan to maps of contemporary hurricane storm-surge hazard zones and projected storm-surge hazard zones enlarged by sea level rise scenarios. This interactive, collaborative approach provided each group of domain experts the opportunity to combine geographically-specific, scientific knowledge on natural hazards and climate change with local viewpoints and concerns. Despite different agendas, interests, and proposed adaptation strategies, there was common agreement among participants for the need to increase community resilience to contemporary hurricane storm-surge hazards and to explore adaptation strategies to combat the projected, enlarged storm-surge hazard zones. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Frazier, Tim G.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Wood, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Yarnal, Brent] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Frazier, TG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, POB 443021, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tfrazier@uidaho.edu; nwood@usgs.gov; alibar@psu.edu RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014; OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 SI SI BP 506 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.007 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA 665BT UT WOS:000283010700006 ER PT J AU Taylor, AR Lanctot, RB Powell, AN Huettmann, F Nigro, DA Kendall, SJ AF Taylor, Audrey R. Lanctot, Richard B. Powell, Abby N. Huettmann, Falk Nigro, Debora A. Kendall, Steven J. TI Distribution and Community Characteristics of Staging Shorebirds on the Northern Coast of Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE shorebird; postbreeding; staging; distribution; community composition; phenology; habitat selection; aerial survey; climate change; industrial development; Arctic Coastal Plain; Alaska ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEAUFORT SEA COAST; AVAILABILITY; BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; STOPOVER; AMPLIFICATION; CONSERVATION; MISMATCH; HABITAT AB Avian studies conducted in the 1970s on Alaska's Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) indicated that coastal littoral habitats are important to Arctic-breeding shorebirds for staging prior to fall migration However, relatively little recent, broad-scale, or quantitative information exists on shorebird use of staging areas in this region To locate possible shorebird concentration areas in the littoral zone of the ACP, we conducted aerial surveys from the southwest end of Kasegaluk Lagoon on the Chukchi Sea to Demarcation Point on the Beaufort Sea during the summers of 2005-07 These surveys identified persistent within- and between-year concentrations of staging shorebirds at Peard Bay, Point Barrow/Elson Lagoon, Cape Simpson, and Smith Bay to Cape Halkett Among river deltas in the Beaufort Sea, the Sagavanirktok and Kongakut deltas had large concentrations of staging shorebirds We also collected data on shorebird community characteristics, staging phenology, and habitat use in 2005 and 2006 by conducting land-based surveys at six camps Kasegaluk Lagoon, Peard Bay, Point Barrow/Elson Lagoon, Colville Delta, Sagavanirktok Delta, and Okpilak Delta The shorebird community was more even and diverse (evenness E and Shannon Weiner H) along the Beaufort Sea compared to the Chukchi Sea and in 2005 versus 2006 Staging phenology varied by species and location and differed for several species from that reported in previous studies Our results suggest the existence of three foraging habitat guilds among the shorebird species observed in this study gravel beach, mudflat, and salt marsh/pond edge A comparison to data collected in the mid-1970s suggests that these foraging associations are conserved through time Results from this research will be useful to land managers for monitoring the effects of changing environmental conditions and human activity on shorebirds and their habitats in Arctic Alaska C1 [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nigro, Debora A.] Arctic Field Off, Bur Land Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Kendall, Steven J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Taylor, AR (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU Coastal Marine Institute/Minerals Management Service; U S Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the following for project funding the Coastal Marine Institute/Minerals Management Service, the U S Fish and Wildlife Service (Quick Response Program, Migratory Bird Management and Arctic National Wildlife Refuge), the Bureau of Land Management, ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc, BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc, Sigma Xi, and the Arctic Audubon Society Brad Andres, Caleb Ashling, Kelly and Josh Boadway, Stephen Brown, Ryan Burner, Benjamin Flemer, Dan Fontaine, Scott Freeman, Kern Frangioso, Laura Ganis, Cory Gregory, Robin Hunnewell, Ayme Johnson, Jim Johnson, Terry Kowalczyk, Meg Laws, Fabnce leBouard, Trevor Lloyd-Evans, Taylor McKinnon, Liliana Naves, Greg Norwood, Kevin Pletrzak, Slade Sapora, Jen Selvidge, Blake Trask, Aaron Wells, Alexis Will, and Cashell Villa all provided invaluable field assistance Many thanks are also due to the staff of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, the Bureau of Land Management's Northern Field Office, the Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, and the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium for superb logistical support Karen Brenneman (USFWS Migratory Bird Management), Mary Mae Aschoff and Brent Veltcamp (ConocoPhillips - Alpine), and Wilson Cullor (BP) assisted with the logistics and equipment necessary for conducting fieldwork across remote northern Alaska Larry Larnvee of Pollux Aviation, Sandy Hamilton, Chris Zimmer, and Robert Wing of Arctic Air Alaska, Morgan Stanton of Alaska Air Taxi, and numerous pilots from Hageland Aviation provided reliable transportation of people, equipment, and data across our large study area The Kaktovik Inuplat Corporation, the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation, and the North Slope Borough kindly permitted us to conduct this research on their lands The findings and conclusions in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the U S Fish and Wildlife Service Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U S Government NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 451 EP 467 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 694BP UT WOS:000285270300007 ER PT J AU Norment, CJ Runge, MC Morgan, MR AF Norment, Christopher J. Runge, Michael C. Morgan, Michael R. TI Breeding Biology of Grassland Birds in Western New York: Conservation and Management Implications SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bobolink; breeding biology; conservation; Eastern Meadowlark; grassland birds; management; Northeast; Savannah Sparrow ID RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS; NEST SURVIVAL; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PATCH SIZE; HABITAT EVALUATION; AREA SENSITIVITY; UNITED-STATES; CRP FIELDS; LANDSCAPE; SUCCESS AB Declining grassland breeding bird populations have led to increased efforts to assess habitat quality, typically by estimating density or relative abundance. Because some grassland habitats may function as ecological traps, a more appropriate metric for determining quality may be breeding success. Between 1994 and 2003 we gathered data on the nest fates of Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorous), and Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) in a series of fallow fields and pastures/hayfields in western New York State. We calculated daily survival probabilities using the Mayfield method, and used the logistic-exposure method to model effects of predictor variables on nest success. Nest survival probabilities were 0.464 for Eastern Meadowlarks (n = 26), 0.483 for Bobolinks (n = 91), and 0.585 for Savannah Sparrows (n = 152). Fledge dates for first clutches ranged between 14 June and 23 July. Only one obligate grassland bird nest was parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater), for an overall brood parasitism rate of 0.004. Logistic-exposure models indicated that daily nest survival probabilities were higher in pastures/hayfields than in fallow fields. Our results, and those from other studies in the Northeast, suggest that properly managed cool season grassland habitats in the region may not act as ecological traps, and that obligate grassland birds in the region may have greater nest survival probabilities, and lower rates of Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism, than in many parts of the Midwest. C1 [Norment, Christopher J.; Morgan, Michael R.] SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO USA. RP Norment, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. FU American Museum of Natural History; Buffalo Ornithological Society; College at Brockport, State University of New York; New York Department of Environmental Conservation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Region 5; USFWS Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many field assistants who provided invaluable and dedicated help in finding nests and collecting data. Funding support for the project was provided by the American Museum of Natural History's Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund; Buffalo Ornithological Society; College at Brockport, State University of New York; New York Department of Environmental Conservation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Region 5; USFWS Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge, and U.S. Geological Survey. NR 88 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 32 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR 3 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 827WG UT WOS:000295459500004 ER PT J AU Shustack, DP Strong, AM Donovan, TM AF Shustack, Daniel P. Strong, Allan M. Donovan, Therese M. TI Habitat Use Patterns of Bobolinks and Savannah Sparrows in the Northeastern United States SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Champlain Valley; Dolichonyx oryzivorus; grassland birds; habitat use; hayfields; Passerculus sandwichensis ID GRASSLAND BIRDS; POPULATION TRENDS; NORTH-AMERICA; AREA; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION AB In the northeastern United States, grassland birds regularly use agricultural fields as nesting habitat. However, birds that nest in these fields regularly experience nest failure as a result of agricultural practices, such as mowing and grazing. Therefore, information on both spatial and temporal patterns of habitat use is needed to effectively manage these species. We addressed these complex habitat use patterns by conducting point counts during three time intervals between May 21, 2002 and July 2, 2002 in agricultural fields across the Champlain Valley in Vermont and New York. Early in the breeding season, Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) used fields in which the landscape within 2500 m was dominated by open habitats. As mowing began, suitable habitat within 500 m became more important. Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) initially used fields that contained a high proportion of suitable habitat within 500 m. After mowing, features of the field (i.e., size and amount of woody edge) became more important. Each species responded differently to mowing: Savannah Sparrows were equally abundant in mowed and uncut fields, whereas Bobolinks were more abundant in uncut fields. In agricultural areas in the Northeast, large areas (2000 ha) that are mostly nonforested and undeveloped should be targeted for conservation. Within large open areas, smaller patches (80 ha) should be maintained as high-quality, late-cut grassland habitat. C1 [Shustack, Daniel P.; Strong, Allan M.; Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO USA. RP Shustack, DP (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. FU USDA/CSREES Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems [2001-52103-11351]; University of Vermont; U.S. Geological Survey; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this research was provided by USDA/CSREES Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems (2001-52103-11351). The University of Vermont provided a summer fellowship to DPS. The staff of the Spatial Analysis Lab at UVM provided assistance with the GIS. A. Webb and M. Wilson provided field assistance. K. Omland provided help with the information theoretic methodology. R. Mickey provided statistical assistance. D. Capen provided valuable comments on data analysis. We thank the dozens of private landowners who granted access to their property. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Vermont, the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and The Wildlife Management Institute. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 33 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR 11 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 827WG UT WOS:000295459500010 ER PT J AU Hwa, SH Iams, KP Hall, JS Kingstad, BA Osorio, JE AF Hwa, Shi-Hsia Iams, Keith P. Hall, Jeffrey S. Kingstad, Brock A. Osorio, Jorge E. TI Characterization of Recombinant Raccoonpox Vaccine Vectors in Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE raccoonpox virus; mammalianpox virus; avian influenza; vaccine vector; bioluminescence; in vivo imaging ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; POXVIRUS VACCINE; POX VIRUS; FOWL POX; PROTECTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; INFECTION; MVA; IDENTIFICATION AB Raccoonpox virus (RCN) has been used as a recombinant vector against several mammalian pathogens but has not been tested in birds. The replication of RCN in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and chickens was studied with the use of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) as a model antigen and luciferase (luc) as a reporter gene. Although RCN replicated to low levels in CEFs, it efficiently expressed recombinant proteins and, in vivo, elicited anti-HA immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) antibody responses comparable to inactivated influenza virus. Biophotonic in vivo imaging of 1-wk-old chicks with RCN-luc showed strong expression of the /uc reporter gene lasting up to 3 days postinfection. These studies demonstrate the potential of RCN as a vaccine vector for avian influenza and other poultry pathogens. C1 [Hwa, Shi-Hsia; Iams, Keith P.; Kingstad, Brock A.; Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] USGS BRD, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Osorio, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM osorio@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 FU University of Wisconsin-Madison Alumni Research Foundation FX We thank Ronald Schultz and Stacey Schultz-Cherry (SSC) for critical review of this manuscript. SSC also kindly provided samples of inactivated H5N1 influenza and RNA. We are also grateful to Willy Berlier, Joseph Brewoo, Julia Rodriguez-Ramos, and Joshua Teslaa for technical and veterinary assistance. These studies were partially funded by an IEDR grant from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Alumni Research Foundation. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1165 DI 10.1637/9315-032410-Reg.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 701YA UT WOS:000285859900004 PM 21313834 ER PT J AU Shanafield, M Rosen, M Saito, L Chandra, S Lamers, J Nishonov, B AF Shanafield, Margaret Rosen, Michael Saito, Laurel Chandra, Sudeep Lamers, John Nishonov, Bakhriddin TI Identification of nitrogen sources to four small lakes in the agricultural region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2009 CL Helsinki, FINLAND DE Nitrogen cycling; Water quality; Stable nitrogen isotopes; Agricultural runoff; Anthropogenic impacts; Lakes ID ARAL SEA BASIN; SURFACE WATERS; CENTRAL-ASIA; PHOSPHORUS; GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTS; ISOTOPE; QUALITY; NITRATE; NETHERLANDS AB Pollution of inland waters by agricultural land use is a concern in many areas of the world, and especially in arid regions, where water resources are inherently scarce. This study used physical and chemical water quality and stable nitrogen isotope (delta N-15) measurements from zooplankton to examine nitrogen (N) sources and concentrations in four small lakes of Khorezm, Uzbekistan, an arid, highly agricultural region, which is part of the environmentally-impacted Aral Sea Basin. During the 2-year study period, ammonium concentrations were the highest dissolved inorganic N species in all lakes, with a maximum of 3.00 mg N l(-1) and an average concentration of 0.62 mg N l(-1). Nitrate levels were low, with a maximum concentration of 0.46 mg N l(-1) and an average of 0.05 mg N l(-1) for all four lakes. The limited zooplankton delta N-15 values did not correlate with the high loads of synthetic fertilizer applied to local croplands during summer months. These results suggest that the N cycles in these lakes may be more influenced by regional dynamics than agricultural activity in the immediate surroundings. The Amu-Darya River, which provides the main source of irrigation water to the region, was identified as a possible source of the primary N input to the lakes. C1 [Shanafield, Margaret] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Rosen, Michael] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Saito, Laurel; Chandra, Sudeep] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lamers, John] UNESCO ZEF German Uzbek Khorezm Project, Khorezm 220100, Uzbekistan. [Nishonov, Bakhriddin] Hydrometeorol Res Inst, Lab Surface Water Qual Invest, Tashkent 700052, Uzbekistan. RP Shanafield, M (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Margaret.shanafield@dri.edu RI Saito, Laurel/E-3096-2010; OI Saito, Laurel/0000-0003-3617-3133; Shanafield, Margaret/0000-0003-1710-1548 NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD DEC PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1-3 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9509-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 691QU UT WOS:000285096700027 ER PT J AU Karanth, KK Nichols, JD Hines, JE AF Karanth, Krithi K. Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. TI Occurrence and distribution of Indian primates SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Distribution; Extinction; India; Primates; Occupancy; Parks ID RAIN-FOREST FRAGMENT; WESTERN-GHATS; MACACA-SILENUS; LARGE MAMMALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; DEMOGRAPHY; MACAQUES; HABITAT AB Global and regional species conservation efforts are hindered by poor distribution data and range maps. Many Indian primates face extinction, but assessments of population status are hindered by lack of reliable distribution data. We estimated the current occurrence and distribution of 15 Indian primates by applying occupancy models to field data from a country-wide survey of local experts. We modeled species occurrence in relation to ecological and social covariates (protected areas, landscape characteristics, and human influences), which we believe are critical to determining species occurrence in India. We found evidence that protected areas positively influence occurrence of seven species and for some species are their only refuge. We found evergreen forests to be more critical for some primates along with temperate and deciduous forests. Elevation negatively influenced occurrence of three species. Lower human population density was positively associated with occurrence of five species, and higher cultural tolerance was positively associated with occurrence of three species. We find that 11 primates occupy less than 15% of the total land area of India. Vulnerable primates with restricted ranges are Golden langur, Arunachal macaque, Pig-tailed macaque, stump-tailed macaque, Phayre's leaf monkey, Nilgiri langur and Lion-tailed macaque. Only Hanuman langur and rhesus macaque are widely distributed. We find occupancy modeling to be useful in determining species ranges, and in agreement with current species ranking and IUCN status. In landscapes where monitoring efforts require optimizing cost, effort and time, we used ecological and social covariates to reliably estimate species occurrence and focus species conservation efforts. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Karanth, Krithi K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Karanth, Krithi K.] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560070, India. [Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Karanth, KK (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM krithi.karanth@gmail.com; jnichols@usgs.gov; jhines@usgs.gov FU Conservation, Food and Health Foundation; Forest History Society; Duke International Travel; IDEA Wild; Roger Williams Park Zoo; AZFA; Cleveland Zoo FX We thank K. U. Karanth, N. L Christensen, N. S. Kumar, R. DeFries, Duke University, Columbia University, Centre for Wildlife Studies, and Wildlife Conservation Society's India Program. We are enormously grateful to the wildlife experts N. Akhtar, R. Ali, S. Amu, A. Aiyadurai, Y. V. Bhatnagar, R. Borges, A. Chandola, S. Chandola, D. Chetry, K. Choudhary, S. Choudhry, H. Dang, S. Dasgupta, S. Dattatri, A. Dutta, P. S. Easa, D. V. Girish, H. Ghuleria, D. Ghose, S. P. Goyal, B. Hegde, Hilaluddin, D. Jathanna, B. Jetva, Y. V. Jhala, A. J. T. John Singh, S. Jones, J. Joshua, K. Kakati, K. Kathju, D. K. Kashyap, R. Kaul, M. Khanduja, J. Kulkarni, A. Kumar, N. S. Kumar, S. Kumar, H. Kumara, A. Lobo, P. Mehta, B. Mohanty, S. Molur, S. Mukherjee, L. Nehemiah, N. Patil, S. Pawar, S. Pradhan, S. Radhakrishna, A. Rahmani, N. Rajamani, S. Rajesh, S. Ram, G. S. Rawat, G. V. Reddy, V. Rishi, A. D. Roy, P. K. Sen, K. Sharma, N. Sharma, K. Sathasivam, J. N. Shah, G. Shahabuddin, D. Sharma, V. Srinivas, G. Sundar, A. Tamim, S. Tiwari, P. Trivedi, H. Tyabji, N. Ved, R. Vyas, R. Wangchuk, T. Wangyal, and their associates who completed the surveys. Karanth received funding from the Conservation, Food and Health Foundation, Forest History Society, Duke International Travel, IDEA Wild, Roger Williams Park Zoo, AZFA Clark Waldram Conservation Fund, and Cleveland Zoo. We thank R. Corlett and reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 143 IS 12 SI SI BP 2891 EP 2899 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.011 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691ZE UT WOS:000285120500004 ER PT J AU Aagaard, BT Graves, RW Schwartz, DP Ponce, DA Graymer, RW AF Aagaard, Brad T. Graves, Robert W. Schwartz, David P. Ponce, David A. Graymer, Russell W. TI Ground-Motion Modeling of Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquakes, Part I: Construction of the Suite of Scenarios SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; RODGERS CREEK FAULT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; RESPONSE SPECTRA; SLIP; SURFACE; SIMULATION AB We construct kinematic earthquake rupture models for a suite of 39 M-w 6.6-7.2 scenario earthquakes involving the Hayward, Calaveras, and Rodgers Creek faults. We use these rupture models in 3D ground-motion simulations as discussed in Part II (Aagaard et al., 2010) to provide detailed estimates of the shaking for each scenario. We employ both geophysical constraints and empirical relations to provide realistic variation in the rupture dimensions, slip heterogeneity, hypocenters, rupture speeds, and rise times. The five rupture lengths include portions of the Hayward fault as well as combined rupture of the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults and the Hayward and Calaveras faults. We vary rupture directivity using multiple hypocenters, typically three per rupture length, yielding north-to-south rupture, bilateral rupture, and south-to-north rupture. For each rupture length and hypocenter, we consider multiple random distributions of slip. We use two approaches to account for how aseismic creep might reduce coseismic slip. For one subset of scenarios, we follow the slippredictable approach and reduce the nominal slip in creeping regions according to the creep rate and time since the most recent earthquake, whereas for another subset of scenarios we apply a vertical gradient to the nominal slip in creeping regions. The rupture models include local variations in rupture speed and use a ray-tracing algorithm to propagate the rupture front. Although we are not attempting to simulate the 1868 Hayward fault earthquake in detail, a few of the scenarios are designed to have source parameters that might be similar to this historical event. C1 [Aagaard, Brad T.; Schwartz, David P.; Ponce, David A.; Graymer, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Aagaard, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-0529922]; USGS [07HQAG0008] FX In developing the suite of scenario earthquakes, we benefited from discussions with Robert Simpson, James Lienkaemper, Paul Spudich, Jeanne Hardebeck, and Janet Watt. We thank Fred Pollitz and Thomas Hanks for careful reviews of the manuscript. Aagaard, Schwartz, Ponce, and Graymer were funded by the Earthquake Hazard Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Graves was supported with funding from the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution number 1309. NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 6 BP 2927 EP 2944 DI 10.1785/0120090324 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690IV UT WOS:000284997900005 ER PT J AU Aagaard, BT Graves, RW Rodgers, A Brocher, TM Simpson, RW Dreger, D Petersson, NA Larsen, SC Ma, S Jachens, RC AF Aagaard, Brad T. Graves, Robert W. Rodgers, Arthur Brocher, Thomas M. Simpson, Robert W. Dreger, Douglas Petersson, N. Anders Larsen, Shawn C. Ma, Shuo Jachens, Robert C. TI Ground-Motion Modeling of Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquakes, Part II: Simulation of Long-Period and Broadband Ground Motions SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMPERIAL-VALLEY EARTHQUAKE; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; 2002 DENALI FAULT; RESPONSE SPECTRA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TIME HISTORIES; CLARA VALLEY AB We simulate long-period (T > 1.0-2.0 s) and broadband (T > 0.1 s) ground motions for 39 scenario earthquakes (M(w) 6.7-7.2) involving the Hayward, Calaveras, and Rodgers Creek faults. For rupture on the Hayward fault, we consider the effects of creep on coseismic slip using two different approaches, both of which reduce the ground motions, compared with neglecting the influence of creep. Nevertheless, the scenario earthquakes generate strong shaking throughout the San Francisco Bay area, with about 50% of the urban area experiencing modified Mercalli intensity VII or greater for the magnitude 7.0 scenario events. Long-period simulations of the 2007 M(w) 4.18 Oakland earthquake and the 2007 M(w) 5.45 Alum Rock earthquake show that the U. S. Geological Survey's Bay Area Velocity Model version 08.3.0 permits simulation of the amplitude and duration of shaking throughout the San Francisco Bay area for Hayward fault earthquakes, with the greatest accuracy in the Santa Clara Valley (San Jose area). The ground motions for the suite of scenarios exhibit a strong sensitivity to the rupture length (or magnitude), hypocenter (or rupture directivity), and slip distribution. The ground motions display a much weaker sensitivity to the rise time and rupture speed. Peak velocities, peak accelerations, and spectral accelerations from the synthetic broadband ground motions are, on average, slightly higher than the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) ground-motion prediction equations. We attribute much of this difference to the seismic velocity structure in the San Francisco Bay area and how the NGA models account for basin amplification; the NGA relations may underpredict amplification in shallow sedimentary basins. The simulations also suggest that the Spudich and Chiou (2008) directivity corrections to the NGA relations could be improved by increasing the areal extent of rupture directivity with period. C1 [Aagaard, Brad T.; Brocher, Thomas M.; Simpson, Robert W.; Jachens, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Petersson, N. Anders] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Dreger, Douglas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ma, Shuo] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Rodgers, Arthur] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Study Imaging & Dynam Earth, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Aagaard, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011; Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; Ma, Shuo/G-8089-2011; OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833; Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X FU U.S. Geological Survey; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-0529922]; USGS [07HQAG0008]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX In analyzing the ground motions, we benefited from discussions with Paul Spudich, David Boore, and Ken Campbell. We thank Gail Atkinson, Steve Hartzell, and Paul Spudich for careful reviews of the manuscript. Aagaard, Brocher, Simpson, and Jachens were funded by the Earthquake Hazard Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Graves and Ma were supported with funding from the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. Rodgers, Petersson, and Larsen were supported with funding from the Department of Energy, and their work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This is SCEC contribution number 1425 and LLNL contribution LLNL-JRNL-419883. NR 73 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 16 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 6 BP 2945 EP 2977 DI 10.1785/0120090379 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690IV UT WOS:000284997900006 ER PT J AU Worden, CB Wald, DJ Allen, TI Lin, K Garcia, D Cua, G AF Worden, C. B. Wald, D. J. Allen, T. I. Lin, K. Garcia, D. Cua, G. TI A Revised Ground-Motion and Intensity Interpolation Scheme for ShakeMap SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; CATALOG AB We describe a weighted-average approach for incorporating various types of data (observed peak ground motions and intensities and estimates from ground-motion prediction equations) into the ShakeMap ground motion and intensity mapping framework. This approach represents a fundamental revision of our existing ShakeMap methodology. In addition, the increased availability of near-real-time macroseismic intensity data, the development of new relationships between intensity and peak ground motions, and new relationships to directly predict intensity from earthquake source information have facilitated the inclusion of intensity measurements directly into ShakeMap computations. Our approach allows for the combination of (1) direct observations (ground-motion measurements or reported intensities), (2) observations converted from intensity to ground motion (or vice versa), and (3) estimated ground motions and intensities from prediction equations or numerical models. Critically, each of the aforementioned data types must include an estimate of its uncertainties, including those caused by scaling the influence of observations to surrounding grid points and those associated with estimates given an unknown fault geometry. The ShakeMap ground-motion and intensity estimates are an uncertainty-weighted combination of these various data and estimates. A natural by-product of this interpolation process is an estimate of total uncertainty at each point on the map, which can be vital for comprehensive inventory loss calculations. We perform a number of tests to validate this new methodology and find that it produces a substantial improvement in the accuracy of ground-motion predictions over empirical prediction equations alone. C1 [Worden, C. B.] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Wald, D. J.; Lin, K.; Garcia, D.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Allen, T. I.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Cua, G.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Worden, CB (reprint author), Synergetics Inc, 1520 S Coll Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX This manuscript was improved by comments from several reviewers. Internal reviews by Morgan Moschetti at the USGS and J. Sexton at GNS were very helpful in improving and focusing the paper. Reviews by L. Sirovich and an anonymous reviewer also contributed substantially. We thank BSSA Associate Editor Hiroshi Kawase for his assistance in preparing the final manuscript for publication. We would also like to thank the many operators of regional ShakeMap systems for their input and contributions and in particular Pete Lombard (U.C. Berkeley) for supplying code and debugging. We also thank Vince Quitoriano for producing the DYFI zoom map of the Diamond Bar earthquake (Fig. 9). This work was supported in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 6 BP 3083 EP 3096 DI 10.1785/0120100101 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690IV UT WOS:000284997900013 ER PT J AU Hecker, S Dawson, TE Schwartz, DP AF Hecker, S. Dawson, T. E. Schwartz, D. P. TI Normal-Faulting Slip Maxima and Stress-Drop Variability: A Geological Perspective SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURES; NEVADA SEISMIC BELT; RANGE PROVINCE; GROUND MOTION; CENTRAL IDAHO; BORAH PEAK; MAGNITUDE; DISPLACEMENT; SEGMENTATION; CALIFORNIA AB We present an empirical estimate of maximum slip in continental normal-faulting earthquakes and present evidence that stress drop in intraplate extensional environments is dependent on fault maturity. A survey of reported slip in historical earthquakes globally and in latest Quaternary paleoearthquakes in the Western Cordillera of the United States indicates maximum vertical displacements as large as 6-6.5 m. A difference in the ratio of maximum-to-mean displacements between data sets of prehistoric and historical earthquakes, together with constraints on bias in estimates of mean paleodisplacement, suggest that applying a correction factor of 1. 4 +/- 0. 3 to the largest observed displacement along a paleorupture may provide a reasonable estimate of the maximum displacement. Adjusting the largest paleodisplacements in our regional data set (similar to 6 m) by a factor of 1.4 yields a possible upper-bound vertical displacement for the Western Cordillera of about 8.4 m, although a smaller correction factor may be more appropriate for the longest ruptures. Because maximum slip is highly localized along strike, if such large displacements occur, they are extremely rare. Static stress drop in surface-rupturing earthquakes in the Western Cordillera, as represented by maximum reported displacement as a fraction of modeled rupture length, appears to be larger on normal faults with low cumulative geologic displacement (< 2 km) and larger in regions such as the Rocky Mountains, where immature, low-throw faults are concentrated. This conclusion is consistent with a growing recognition that structural development influences stress drop and indicates that this influence is significant enough to be evident among faults within a single intraplate environment. C1 [Hecker, S.; Schwartz, D. P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dawson, T. E.] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hecker, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shecker@usgs.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-FC28-05RW12358] FX We thank Steve Personius, Heidi Houston, Kathy Haller, John Whitney, and Tom Hanks for reviews that enabled substantial improvements to the manuscript. We are grateful to Kathy Haller for providing Quaternary fault spatial data and to Jim Dewey and Bob Yeats for compilations of historical earthquake data. We thank Francesca Cinti for her contribution to scarp measurements along the Bear River fault, Jesse Kass for compiling magnitudes of historical earthquakes, and Scott Haefner for converting data tables to HTML for the electronic supplement. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under award DE-FC28-05RW12358. NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 6 BP 3130 EP 3147 DI 10.1785/0120090356 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690IV UT WOS:000284997900015 ER PT J AU Murphy, JM Fuis, GS Ryberg, T Lutter, WJ Catchings, RD Goldman, MR AF Murphy, Janice M. Fuis, Gary S. Ryberg, Trond Lutter, William J. Catchings, Rufus D. Goldman, Mark R. TI Detailed P- and S- Wave Velocity Models along the LARSE II Transect, Southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID REGION SEISMIC EXPERIMENT; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKES; TRANSVERSE RANGES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; MOJAVE DESERT; FAULT SYSTEMS; SAN-FERNANDO; ZONE; TOMOGRAPHY AB Structural details of the crust determined from P-wave velocity models can be improved with S-wave velocity models, and S-wave velocities are needed for model-based predictions of strong ground motion in southern California. We picked P-and S-wave travel times for refracted phases from explosive-source shots of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II); we developed refraction velocity models from these picks using two different inversion algorithms. For each inversion technique, we calculated ratios of P-to S-wave velocities (V(P)/V(S)) where there is coincident P-and S-wave ray coverage. We compare the two V(P) inverse velocity models to each other and to results from forward modeling, and we compare the V(S) inverse models. The V(S) and V(P)/VS models differ in structural details from the V(P) models. In particular, dipping, tabular zones of low V(S), or high V(P)/V(S), appear to define two fault zones in the central Transverse Ranges that could be parts of a positive flower structure to the San Andreas fault. These two zones are marginally resolved, but their presence in two independent models lends them some credibility. A plot of V(S) versus V(P) differs from recently published plots that are based on direct laboratory or down-hole sonic measurements. The difference in plots is most prominent in the range of V(P) = 3 to 5 km/s (or V(S) similar to 1.25 to 2.9 km/s), where our refraction V(S) is lower by a few tenths of a kilometer per second from V(S) based on direct measurements. Our new V(S) - V(P) curve may be useful for modeling the lower limit of V(S) from a V(P) model in calculating strong motions from scenario earthquakes. C1 [Murphy, Janice M.; Fuis, Gary S.; Catchings, Rufus D.; Goldman, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ryberg, Trond] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Lutter, William J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Murphy, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM murphy@usgs.gov; fuis@usgs.gov; trond@gfz-potsdam.de; wjlutter@wisc.edu; catching@usgs.gov RI Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS ) [00HQGR0076, 14-08-0001-A0899, 1434-HQ-97AG01718]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-97-25413, EAR 8920136]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; GeoForschungs-Zentrum Potsdam, Germany FX We are indebted to many government agencies, organizations, companies, and private individuals who granted permission and gave assistance to the LARSE II project (see Fuis et al., 2001). This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS Cooperative Agreement 00HQGR0076 and USGS internal funds), National Science Foundation (NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-97-25413), Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC, which is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreements EAR 8920136 and USGS Cooperative Agreements 14-08-0001-A0899 and 1434-HQ-97AG01718), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the GeoForschungs-Zentrum Potsdam, Germany. Instruments were supplied by IRIS/ PASS-CAL, University of Texas-El Paso, Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam, Canadian Geological Survey, University of Copenhagen, SCEC, and USGS. This paper benefited from reviews of early drafts by Tom Brocher, Walter Mooney, and anonymous BSSA reviewers. We thank Jo Fletcher and Ricardo Olea for assistance with some of the statistical calculations. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 6 BP 3194 EP 3212 DI 10.1785/0120090004 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690IV UT WOS:000284997900020 ER PT J AU McGarr, A Fletcher, JB Boettcher, M Beeler, N Boatwright, J AF McGarr, A. Fletcher, J. B. Boettcher, M. Beeler, N. Boatwright, J. TI Laboratory-Based Maximum Slip Rates in Earthquake Rupture Zones and Radiated Energy SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MAPPING APPARENT STRESS; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; STICK-SLIP; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; SEISMIC ENERGY; STRONG-MOTION; FAULT ZONES; HECTOR MINE; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION AB Laboratory stick-slip friction experiments indicate that peak slip rates increase with the stresses loading the fault to cause rupture. If this applies also to earthquake fault zones, then the analysis of rupture processes is simplified inasmuch as the slip rates depend only on the local yield stress and are independent of factors specific to a particular event, including the distribution of slip in space and time. We test this hypothesis by first using it to develop an expression for radiated energy that depends primarily on the seismic moment and the maximum slip rate. From laboratory results, the maximum slip rate for any crustal earthquake, as well as various stress parameters including the yield stress, can be determined based on its seismic moment and the maximum slip within its rupture zone. After finding that our new equation for radiated energy works well for laboratory stick-slip friction experiments, we used it to estimate radiated energies for five earthquakes with magnitudes near 2 that were induced in a deep gold mine, an M 2.1 repeating earthquake near the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site and seven major earthquakes in California and found good agreement with energies estimated independently from spectra of local and regional ground-motion data. Estimates of yield stress for the earthquakes in our study range from 12 MPa to 122 MPa with a median of 64 MPa. The lowest value was estimated for the 2004 M 6 Parkfield, California, earthquake whereas the nearby M 2.1 repeating earthquake, as recorded in the SAFOD pilot hole, showed a more typical yield stress of 64 MPa. C1 [McGarr, A.; Fletcher, J. B.; Beeler, N.; Boatwright, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boettcher, M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcgarr@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 100 IS 6 BP 3250 EP 3260 DI 10.1785/0120100043 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690IV UT WOS:000284997900024 ER PT J AU Williams, MA Vondracek, B AF Williams, Mary A. Vondracek, Bruce TI Spring distributions and relationships with land cover and hydrogeologic strata in a karst landscape in Winona County, Minnesota, USA SO CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES LA English DT Article DE Karst; Spring; Ecohydrology; Nearest-neighbor analysis (NNA); Discriminant function analysis (DFA); Minnesota ID WATER-QUALITY; SMALLMOUTH BASS; DRIFTLESS AREA; STREAMS; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; AQUIFER AB Karst aquifers are important groundwater resources, but are vulnerable to contamination due to relatively rapid subsurface transport. Springs, points where the landscape and water table intersect and cold groundwater discharges, link aquifer systems with land surfaces and water bodies. As such, in many regions, they are critical to the viability of lakes, streams and cold-water fish communities. An understanding of where springs are located is important to watershed, fishery and environmental management efforts in karst regions. To better understand spatial distribution of springs and as a potential method for identifying variables that characterize locations of springs for improved land and watershed management, a nearest-neighbor analysis and a discriminant function analysis (DFA) of springs were conducted in Winona County, Minnesota, USA, a karst landscape. Nearest-neighbor analysis examined the spatial spring distribution. Twenty-two variables describing the locations of springs were analyzed to ascertain their ability to discriminate correct aquifer unit or bedrock unit classification for each spring. Springs were clumped with the highest densities in the lowest elevations. Springs were correctly assigned to aquifer units and bedrock units with eight and 11 landscape variables, respectively. Forest land cover was the only land cover type contributing to spring discrimination. Consideration of upland human activities, particularly in forested areas, on spring discharge along with a better understanding of characteristics describing spring locations could lead to better management activities that locate and protect springs and their important contributions to regional ecohydrology. C1 [Williams, Mary A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Williams, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM williams@umn.edu NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0891-2556 J9 CARBONATE EVAPORITE JI Carbonates Evaporites PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 333 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s13146-010-0037-y PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 687IX UT WOS:000284773300007 ER PT J AU Guay, PJ Chesser, RT Mulder, RA Afton, AD Paton, DC McCracken, KG AF Guay, P. -J. Chesser, R. T. Mulder, R. A. Afton, A. D. Paton, D. C. McCracken, K. G. TI East-west genetic differentiation in Musk Ducks (Biziura lobata) of Australia suggests late Pleistocene divergence at the Nullarbor Plain SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Arid zone; Microsatellite; Mitochondrial DNA; Nuclear intron; Nullarbor Plain; Waterfowl ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; CONSERVATION; MARKERS; FLOW; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HYBRIDIZATION; COALESCENCE; SPECIATION AB Musk Ducks (Biziura lobata) are endemic to Australia and occur as two geographically isolated populations separated by the Nullarbor Plain, a vast arid region in southern Australia. We studied genetic variation in Musk Duck populations at coarse (eastern versus western Australia) and fine scales (four sites within eastern Australia). We found significant genetic structure between eastern and western Australia in the mtDNA control region (I broken vertical bar(ST) = 0.747), one nuclear intron (I broken vertical bar(ST) = 0.193) and eight microsatellite loci (F(ST) = 0.035). In contrast, there was little genetic structure between Kangaroo Island and adjacent mainland regions within eastern Australia. One small population of Musk Ducks in Victoria (Lake Wendouree) differed from both Kangaroo Island and the remainder of mainland eastern Australia, possibly due to genetic drift exacerbated by inbreeding and small population size. The observed low pairwise distance between the eastern and western mtDNA lineages (0.36%) suggests that they diverged near the end of the Pleistocene, a period characterised by frequent shifts between wet and arid conditions in central Australia. Our genetic results corroborate the display call divergence and Mathews' (Austral Avian Record 2:83-107, 1914) subspecies classification, and confirm that eastern and western populations of Musk Duck are currently isolated from each other. C1 [Guay, P. -J.] Victoria Univ, Inst Sustainabil & Innovat, Sch Engn & Sci, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. [Guay, P. -J.; Mulder, R. A.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Chesser, R. T.] Australian Natl Wildlife Collect, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Afton, A. D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Paton, D. C.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [McCracken, K. G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Guay, PJ (reprint author), Victoria Univ, Inst Sustainabil & Innovat, Sch Engn & Sci, POB 14428, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. EM patrick.guay@vu.edu.au FU Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science of the University of Melbourne, le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies; Hermon Slade Foundation; Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment, Birds Australia; M. A. Ingram Trust; Norman Wettenhall Foundation FX Our research was supported by funding from the Department of Zoology and the Faculty of Science of the University of Melbourne, le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies, the Hermon Slade Foundation, the Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment, Birds Australia, the M. A. Ingram Trust, the Norman Wettenhall Foundation, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, College of Agriculture, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Board of Regents, Museum of Natural Science, and School of Renewable Natural Resources. We thank the South Australia Department of Environment and Heritage and Wildlife personnel for their assistance with fieldwork and the following institutions for allowing access to their tissue collections and/or for allowing us to take samples from study skins and/or skeletons: The Australian Museum, the Bourne Bird Museum, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems-Australian National Wildlife Collection, the Department of Ornithology of the American Museum of Natural History, Museum Victoria, the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, the Queensland Museum, the South Australian Museum, the Tasmanian Museum, the University of Alaska Museum and the Western Australian Museum. J. Van Remsen and S. Taylor provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Blood samples were collected under the University of Melbourne Faculty of Science Animal Experimentation and Ethics Committee Register 02088, 04064, 05122, 06186, permits 10002458, 10003407, and 10004007, from the Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria and permits SF005117, SF005760, SF006080 and SF006659 from the Department of Environment and Conservation Western Australia. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U. S. Government or the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 110 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2105 EP 2120 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0097-5 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 671KX UT WOS:000283505900002 ER PT J AU Huff, DD Miller, LM Vondracek, B AF Huff, David D. Miller, Loren M. Vondracek, Bruce TI Patterns of ancestry and genetic diversity in reintroduced populations of the slimy sculpin: implications for conservation SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Conservation genetics; Genetic variation; Native fish conservation; Restocking; Translocation ID FRESH-WATER; ECOLOGICAL EXCHANGEABILITY; BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COTTUS-COGNATUS; BROOK TROUT; FISHES; TRANSLOCATION AB Reintroductions are a common approach for preserving intraspecific biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. However, they may exacerbate the reduction in genetic diversity initially caused by population fragmentation because the effective population size of reintroduced populations is often smaller and reintroduced populations also tend to be more geographically isolated than native populations. Mixing genetically divergent sources for reintroduction purposes is a practice intended to increase genetic diversity. We documented the outcome of reintroductions from three mixed sources on the ancestral composition and genetic variation of a North American fish, the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). We used microsatellite markers to evaluate allelic richness and heterozygosity in the reintroduced populations relative to computer simulated expectations. Sculpins in reintroduced populations exhibited higher levels of heterozygosity and allelic richness than any single source, but only slightly higher than the single most genetically diverse source population. Simulations intended to mimic an ideal scenario for maximizing genetic variation in the reintroduced populations also predicted increases, but they were only moderately greater than the most variable source population. We found that a single source contributed more than the other two sources at most reintroduction sites. We urge caution when choosing whether to mix source populations in reintroduction programs. Genetic characteristics of candidate source populations should be evaluated prior to reintroduction if feasible. When combined with knowledge of the degree of genetic distinction among sources, simulations may allow the genetic diversity benefits of mixing populations to be weighed against the risks of outbreeding depression in reintroduced and nearby populations. C1 [Huff, David D.; Miller, Loren M.; Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, USGS, Minnesota Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Huff, DD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave,200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM huffx056@umn.edu; mille075@umn.edu; bvondrac@umn.edu RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Miller, Loren/0000-0002-5482-2152 FU Austen Cargill II; Graduate School of the University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; Bell Museum of Natural History; University of Minnesota FX Special thanks to Christopher Chizinski for statistical advice and writing R code for diversity simulations. We would like to thank Ray Newman, Andrew Simons, Michele Koehler, Craig Primmer and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Thanks to Eric Merten and Vaughn Snook for advice and field assistance. Funding was provided by a fellowship from Austen Cargill II; a doctoral dissertation fellowship by the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota; and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program, and the Dayton-Wilkie Natural History Fund of the Bell Museum of Natural History. The Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names or products does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 88 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2379 EP 2391 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0124-6 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 671KX UT WOS:000283505900025 ER PT J AU Girard, P Takekawa, JY Beissinger, SR AF Girard, Philippe Takekawa, John Y. Beissinger, Steven R. TI Uncloaking a cryptic, threatened rail with molecular markers: origins, connectivity and demography of a recently-discovered population SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE California; Bird; Connectivity; Cryptic species; Effective size; Newly discovered population; Patchy habitat; Wetland ID CALIFORNIA BLACK RAILS; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; SIERRA-NEVADA FOOTHILLS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MIGRATION RATES; CLAPPER RAIL; BOTTLENECKS; SHOREBIRD; INFERENCE; SOFTWARE AB The threatened California Black Rail lives under dense marsh vegetation, is rarely observed, flies weakly and has a highly disjunct distribution. The largest population of rails is found in 8-10 large wetlands in San Francisco Bay (SF Bay), but a population was recently discovered in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (Foothills), within a wetland network comprised of over 200 small marshes. Using microsatellite and mitochondrial analyses, our objectives were to determine the origins, connectivity and demography of this recently-discovered population. Analyses of individuals from the Foothills (n = 31), SF Bay (n = 31), the Imperial Valley (n = 6) and the East Coast (n = 3), combined with rigorous power evaluations, provided valuable insights into past history and current dynamics of the species in Northern California that challenge conventional wisdom about the species. The Foothills and SF Bay populations have diverged strongly from the Imperial Valley population, even more strongly than from individuals of the East Coast subspecies. The data also suggest a historical presence of the species in the Foothills. The SF Bay and Foothills populations had similar estimated effective population size over the areas sampled and appeared linked by a strongly asymmetrical migration pattern, with a greater probability of movement from the Foothills to SF Bay than vice versa. Random mating was inferred in the Foothills, but local substructure among marshes and inbreeding were detected in SF Bay, suggesting different dispersal patterns within each location. The unexpected dimensions of Black Rail demography and population structure suggested by these analyses and their potential importance for management are discussed. C1 [Girard, Philippe; Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Girard, Philippe; Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Beissinger, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM beis@berkeley.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 FU FQRNT; A. Starker Leopold Chair of Wildlife Ecology FX This manuscript benefitted greatly from reviews by Laurie Hall, Per Palsboll, Zach Peery and three anonymous reviewers. We are grateful to Jerry Tecklin, Ben Risk, Orien Richmond, Elizabeth Hunt, Brandi Gartland and Laurie Hall from the Black Rail Project for their assistance on field. We also thank D. Tsao, Kyle Spragens and Brian Spirou from USGS and others acknowledged in Tsao et al. (2009) for assistance in collecting samples in San Francisco Bay. A special thanks to Tito Marchant, Joelle Fournier and Pat DelPizzo from EcoSystems Restoration Associates (ERA) for their field assistance in Southern California, and to Lydia Smith from the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology for her help in the lab. D. L. Dittmann from Lousiana State University and A. Kratter and D. Steadman from University of Florida-Gainesville provided specimens of the Eastern Black Rails. This work was supported by a FQRNT scholarship to PG, gifts from the Sierra Foothills and Sacramento Chapters of the National Audubon Society, and by SRB's funds from the A. Starker Leopold Chair of Wildlife Ecology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2409 EP 2418 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0126-4 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 671KX UT WOS:000283505900027 ER PT J AU Coombs, JA Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Coombs, J. A. Letcher, B. H. Nislow, K. H. TI PedAgree: software to quantify error and assess accuracy and congruence for genetically reconstructed pedigree relationships SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Parentage assignment; Sibship reconstruction; Pedigree; Genetics; Accuracy; Congruence ID COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PARENTAL ALLOCATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PATERNITY; MARKERS; WILD; ASSIGNMENT; INFERENCE; FITNESS; GROWTH AB PedAgree is software for rapid comparison of genetically reconstructed pedigrees (RP's). Its two primary functions are (1) to assess accuracy of a RP by comparing it to a known pedigree, and (2) to measure congruence between two RP's. The accuracy function is used to assist in determining confidence for a RP. The congruence function is used to determine the level of agreement between two RP's. This function determines which links within the RP's are identical, and thus more likely to be correct. Congruence assessment between RP's generated by sibship reconstruction (SR) and parentage assignment (PA) programs allows for implementation of the sibship constraint method. This method has been shown to increase assigned parentage accuracy by up to 53%, and to be robust to dataset characteristics that reduce conventional PA accuracies. PedAgree can compare output produced by seven SR and twelve PA programs, and is freely available for download at https://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/pedigreesoftware/. C1 [Coombs, J. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, B. H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coombs, JA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 201 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jcoombs@cns.umass.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9202-9 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000033 ER PT J AU de Leon, FJG Valles-Jimenez, R Shaw, K Ward, R Montanez, JAD Delgado, MEM AF Garcia de Leon, F. J. Valles-Jimenez, R. Shaw, K. Ward, R. de Anda Montanez, J. A. Martinez Delgado, M. E. TI Characterization of fourteen microsatellite loci in the endemic and threatened totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) from the Gulf of California SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Totoba macdonaldi; Gulf of California; Sciaenidae; Microsatellites; Genomic library AB The totoaba, Totoaba macdonaldi, is endemic to the Gulf of California and is listed as threatened on the IUCN red list. In preparation for a study of the population genetic structure of this species 14 microsatellite loci were developed, all found to be moderately or highly polymorphic. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 to 1.00 (average 0.67), with the number of alleles ranging from three to 23 in 26 individuals. Only one locus was found to have statistically significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations -Tmac43 which exhibited a heterozygote deficit due possibly to null alleles. No statistically significant genetic disequilibrium was observed following Bonferroni correction. These microsatellite loci appear suitable for examining population structure, kinship assessment, and other applications. C1 [Garcia de Leon, F. J.; Valles-Jimenez, R.; de Anda Montanez, J. A.; Martinez Delgado, M. E.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Conservat Genet, La Paz 23090, Bcs, Mexico. [Shaw, K.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Ward, R.] W Texas A& M Univ, Dept Life Earth & Environm Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. RP de Leon, FJG (reprint author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Conservat Genet, Mar Bermejo 195, La Paz 23090, Bcs, Mexico. EM fgarciadl@cibnor.mx OI Garcia de Leon, Francisco Javier/0000-0003-2323-2560 FU USGS, Biological Resources Discipline; Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion de Mexico (SAGARPA); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [SAGARPA-CONACYT 2005-12058] FX Funding was provided by the USGS, Biological Resources Discipline and by the Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion de Mexico (SAGARPA) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) (project no. SAGARPA-CONACYT 2005-12058). The Mexican government kindly issued permits (SGPA/DGVS/07851-2005) to conduct this research. Finally, we would like to thank M. C. Lourdes Gonzalez-Peralta for assistance with the English revisions of this manuscript. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 219 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9241-2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000050 ER PT J AU Henningsen, JP Lance, SL Jones, KL Hagen, C Laurila, J Cole, RA Perez, KE AF Henningsen, Justin P. Lance, Stacey L. Jones, Kenneth L. Hagen, Cris Laurila, Joshua Cole, Rebecca A. Perez, Kathryn E. TI Development and characterization of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the faucet snail, Bithynia tentaculata (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Bithyniidae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite; PCR primers; SSR; STR; Bithynia; Faucet snail AB Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), a snail native to Europe, was introduced into the US Great Lakes in the 1870's and has spread to rivers throughout the Northeastern US and Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Trematode parasites, for which B. tentaculata is a host, have also been introduced and are causing widespread waterfowl mortality in the UMR. Waterfowl mortality is caused by ingestion of trematode-infected B. tentaculata or insects infected with parasites released from the snails. We isolated and characterized 17 microsatellite loci from the invasive faucet snail, B. tentaculata (Gastropoda: Caeno-gastropoda: Bithyniidae). Loci were screened in 24 individuals of B. tentaculata. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 6, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.050 to 0.783, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.10 to 0.91. These new loci provide tools for examining the origin and spread of invasive populations in the US and management activities to prevent waterfowl mortality. C1 [Laurila, Joshua; Perez, Kathryn E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Henningsen, Justin P.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Henningsen, Justin P.; Lance, Stacey L.; Hagen, Cris] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Jones, Kenneth L.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Genom Facil, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cole, Rebecca A.] US Geol Survey, BRD Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Perez, KE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM perezke@gmail.com RI Perez, Kathryn/D-6082-2013; Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013; OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733; Laurila, Joshua/0000-0002-6592-9721 FU United States Geological Survey; River Studies Center at UWL; University of Wisconsin Institute for Race and Ethnicity; UWL College of Science and Health; UWL Faculty Research Grant; National Science Foundation; United States Corp of Engineers; Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; agency of the United States Government; Department of Energy FX This work was supported by funds from the United States Geological Survey, the River Studies Center at UWL, the University of Wisconsin Institute for Race and Ethnicity Faculty Diversity Research Grant, UWL College of Science and Health Dean's Undergraduate Fellowship Program, UWL Faculty Research Grant, and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to JPH. Tissue collection was assisted by Roger Haro, Greg Sandland, and Ben Walker with funding by the United States Corp of Engineers. Manuscript preparation was partially supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. Disclaimer "This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government, the Department of Energy. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.'' NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 247 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9255-9 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000057 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, NE Edwards, TC Graham, CH Pearman, PB Svenning, JC AF Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Graham, Catherine H. Pearman, Peter B. Svenning, Jens-Christian TI New trends in species distribution modelling SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; EUROPEAN HIGHER-PLANTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; INDIGENOUS FORESTS; IMPROVE PREDICTION; RESPONSE SURFACES; ECOLOGICAL THEORY C1 [Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Pearman, Peter B.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Graham, Catherine H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Svenning, Jens-Christian] Aarhus Univ, Ecoinformat & Biodivers Grp, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Zimmermann, NE (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM niklaus.zimmermann@wsl.ch RI Graham, Catherine/A-9560-2011; Pearman, Peter/C-6298-2011; Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012; Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008 OI Pearman, Peter/0000-0002-0794-101X; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604 FU Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; 6th European Framework Programme [GOCE-CT- 2007-036866]; 7th European Framework Programme [ENV-CT-2009-226544]; Danish Council for Independent Research-Natural Sciences [272-07-0242] FX We acknowledge financial support by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL for organizing the Third Riederalp Workshop in 2008. NEZ, PBP and TCE were funded by the 6th and 7th European Framework Programme Grant GOCE-CT- 2007-036866 (ECOCHANGE) and ENV-CT-2009-226544 (MOTIVE). JCS was funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research-Natural Sciences (grant 272-07-0242). Mention of a product by name does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 54 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 8 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 SI SI BP 985 EP 989 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06953.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700PA UT WOS:000285755100001 ER PT J AU Albert, CH Yoccoz, NG Edwards, TC Graham, CH Zimmermann, NE Thuiller, W AF Albert, Cecile H. Yoccoz, Nigel G. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Graham, Catherine H. Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Thuiller, Wilfried TI Sampling in ecology and evolution - bridging the gap between theory and practice SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGNS; HABITAT SUITABILITY; MODELS; DETECTABILITY; STRATEGIES; GRADIENTS; VARIANCE; RANGE AB Sampling is a key issue for answering most ecological and evolutionary questions. The importance of developing a rigorous sampling design tailored to specific questions has already been discussed in the ecological and sampling literature and has provided useful tools and recommendations to sample and analyse ecological data. However, sampling issues are often difficult to overcome in ecological studies due to apparent inconsistencies between theory and practice, often leading to the implementation of simplified sampling designs that suffer from unknown biases. Moreover, we believe that classical sampling principles which are based on estimation of means and variances are insufficient to fully address many ecological questions that rely on estimating relationships between a response and a set of predictor variables over time and space. Our objective is thus to highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate sampling space and an appropriate sampling design. We also emphasize the importance of using prior knowledge of the study system to estimate models or complex parameters and thus better understand ecological patterns and processes generating these patterns. Using a semi-virtual simulation study as an illustration we reveal how the selection of the space (e.g. geographic, climatic), in which the sampling is designed, influences the patterns that can be ultimately detected. We also demonstrate the inefficiency of common sampling designs to reveal response curves between ecological variables and climatic gradients. Further, we show that response-surface methodology, which has rarely been used in ecology, is much more efficient than more traditional methods. Finally, we discuss the use of prior knowledge, simulation studies and model-based designs in defining appropriate sampling designs. We conclude by a call for development of methods to unbiasedly estimate nonlinear ecologically relevant parameters, in order to make inferences while fulfilling requirements of both sampling theory and field work logistics. C1 [Albert, Cecile H.; Thuiller, Wilfried] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Ecol Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, FR-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Yoccoz, Nigel G.] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Graham, Catherine H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zimmermann, Niklaus E.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Albert, CH (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Ecol Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Bp 53, FR-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM cecile.albert@m4x.org RI Graham, Catherine/A-9560-2011; THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; albert, cecile/H-5804-2012; Yoccoz, Nigel/C-8561-2014; Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008 OI THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; Yoccoz, Nigel/0000-0003-2192-1039; Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604 FU ANR [ANR-07-BDIV-014, ANR-08-PEXT-11]; European Commission [066866 GOCE] FX The idea for this manuscript arose at a workshop "The Utility of Species Distribution Models as Tools for Assessing Impacts of Global Change" at Riederalp, Switzerland (August 2008). CA and WT acknowledge support from the ANR DIVERSITALP (ANR-07-BDIV-014) and EVORANGE (ANR-08-PEXT-11) projects. WT, NGY, TCE and NEZ received support from European Commission's FP6 ECOCHANGE (Challenges in assessing and forecasting biodiversity and ecosystem changes in Europe, No. 066866 GOCE) project. We thank Gretchen Moisen, David W. Roberts, Peter Pearman and one anonymous referee for very helpful and constructive comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Mention of a product by name does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Society. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 SI SI BP 1028 EP 1037 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06421.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700PA UT WOS:000285755100005 ER PT J AU Gilbert, M Newman, SH Takekawa, JY Loth, L Biradar, C Prosser, DJ Balachandran, S Rao, MVS Mundkur, T Yan, BP Xing, Z Hou, YS Batbayar, N Natsagdorj, T Hogerwerf, L Slingenbergh, J Xiao, XM AF Gilbert, Marius Newman, Scott H. Takekawa, John Y. Loth, Leo Biradar, Chandrashekhar Prosser, Diann J. Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal Rao, Mandava Venkata Subba Mundkur, Taej Yan, Baoping Xing, Zhi Hou, Yuansheng Batbayar, Nyambayar Natsagdorj, Tseveenmayadag Hogerwerf, Lenny Slingenbergh, Jan Xiao, Xiangming TI Flying Over an Infected Landscape: Distribution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Risk in South Asia and Satellite Tracking of Wild Waterfowl SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; epidemiology; disease ecology; migration ID VIRUS H5N1; DOMESTIC DUCKS; A H5N1; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; OUTBREAK AREAS; MIGRATION; AFRICA; BIRDS; INTRODUCTIONS; TRANSMISSION AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus persists in Asia, posing a threat to poultry, wild birds, and humans. Previous work in Southeast Asia demonstrated that HPAI H5N1 risk is related to domestic ducks and people. Other studies discussed the role of migratory birds in the long distance spread of HPAI H5N1. However, the interplay between local persistence and long-distance dispersal has never been studied. We expand previous geospatial risk analysis to include South and Southeast Asia, and integrate the analysis with migration data of satellite-tracked wild waterfowl along the Central Asia flyway. We find that the population of domestic duck is the main factor delineating areas at risk of HPAI H5N1 spread in domestic poultry in South Asia, and that other risk factors, such as human population and chicken density, are associated with HPAI H5N1 risk within those areas. We also find that satellite tracked birds (Ruddy Shelduck and two Bar-headed Geese) reveal a direct spatio-temporal link between the HPAI H5N1 hot-spots identified in India and Bangladesh through our risk model, and the wild bird outbreaks in May-June-July 2009 in China (Qinghai Lake), Mongolia, and Russia. This suggests that the continental-scale dynamics of HPAI H5N1 are structured as a number of persistence areas delineated by domestic ducks, connected by rare transmission through migratory waterfowl. C1 [Gilbert, Marius; Hogerwerf, Lenny] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Gilbert, Marius] Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Rome, Italy. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. [Biradar, Chandrashekhar; Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Yan, Baoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xing, Zhi; Hou, Yuansheng] Qinghai Lake Natl Nat Reserve, Xining, Peoples R China. [Batbayar, Nyambayar] Wildlife Sci & Conservat Ctr, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Natsagdorj, Tseveenmayadag] Mongolian Acad Sci, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Hogerwerf, Lenny] Univ Utrecht, Div Epidemiol, Dept Farm Anim Hlth, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Gilbert, M (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, CP160-12,Av FD Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM mgilbert@ulb.ac.be RI Batbayar, Nyambayar/N-7066-2015; OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799; Hogerwerf, Lenny/0000-0001-6329-7831; Batbayar, Nyambayar/0000-0002-9138-9626; Gilbert, Marius/0000-0003-3708-3359 FU U.S. National Institutes of Health [R01-TW007869]; U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG05GH80G]; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO/UN) AGAH-EMPRES Wildlife Unit; government of Sweden; government of Canada; government of United Kingdom; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [0713027] FX This study was supported by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (R01-TW007869), the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNG05GH80G), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO/UN) AGAH-EMPRES Wildlife Unit; donations from the governments of Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom; the U.S. Geological Survey Avian Influenza Program, and National Science Foundation Small Grants for Exploratory Research (0713027). Additional support was also provided by the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Germany, and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK (BB/F015615/1). We thank J. Domenech, J. Lubroth (FAO Animal Health Service and EMPRESS Program), S. Haseltine, R. Kearney, P. Bright, S. Schwarzbach, and J. Howell of USGS for supporting this project. We thank Martin Wikelski (Max Planck Institute for Ornithology), Charles Bishop (University of Wales, Bangor), and Patrick Butler (University of Birmingham, U. K) for the contribution of transmitters and migration pathways of geese from India. Bird capture and marking was conducted under the USGS Western Ecological and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center's Animal Care and Use Committee Review. For field assistance with wild bird studies in India, we thank S. Heath (USGS), L. Hawkes (UWales), T. McCracken (UNFAO), P. Sathiyaselvam (BNHS), Gangaiamaran (BNHS), A. George (BNHS); and in China, we thank S. Li, D. Zhang, T. Li, Y. Li, F. Lei, N. Kong, and D. Zhao. GIS-based wild bird database was managed by D. C. Douglas and W. M. Perry (USGS), and the HPAI H5N1 outbreaks and EMPRES database support were provided by C. Hamilton and J. Siembieda (FAO). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews on a previous version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 448 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s10393-010-0672-8 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 815XM UT WOS:000294563300004 PM 21267626 ER PT J AU Betts, MG Hagar, JC Rivers, JW Alexander, JD McGarigal, K McComb, BC AF Betts, M. G. Hagar, J. C. Rivers, J. W. Alexander, J. D. McGarigal, K. McComb, B. C. TI Thresholds in forest bird occurrence as a function of the amount of early-seral broadleaf forest at landscape scales SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE broadleaf forest; early-seral forest; ecological thresholds; habitat loss; intensive forest management; landscape ecology; Oregon forest birds; segmented logistic regression; tree plantations ID DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; COASTAL OREGON; WESTERN OREGON; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; MANAGED FORESTS; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS AB Recent declines in broadleaf-dominated, early-seral forest globally as a function of intensive forest management and/or fire suppression have raised concern about the viability of populations dependent on such forest types. However, quantitative information about the strength and direction of species associations with broadleaf cover at landscape scales are rare. Uncovering such habitat relationships is essential for understanding the demography of species and in developing sound conservation strategies. It is particularly important to detect points in habitat reduction where rates of population decline may accelerate or the likelihood of species occurrence drops rapidly (i.e., thresholds). Here, we use a large avian point-count data set (N = 4375) from southwestern and northwestern Oregon along with segmented logistic regression to test for thresholds in forest bird occurrence as a function of broadleaf forest and early-seral broadleaf forest at local (150-m radius) and landscape (500-2000-m radius) scales. All 12 bird species examined showed positive responses to either broadleaf forest in general, and/or early-seral broadleaf forest. However, regional variation in species response to these conditions was high. We found considerable evidence for landscape thresholds in bird species occurrence as a function of broadleaf cover; threshold models received substantially greater support than linear models for eight of 12 species. Landscape thresholds in broadleaf forest ranged broadly from 1.35% to 24.55% mean canopy cover. Early-seral broadleaf thresholds tended to be much lower (0.22-1.87%). We found a strong negative relationship between the strength of species association with early-seral broadleaf forest and 42-year bird population trends; species most associated with this forest type have declined at the greatest rates. Taken together, these results provide the first support for the hypothesis that reductions in broadleaf-dominated early-seral forest due to succession and intensive forest management have led to population declines of constituent species in the Pacific northwestern United States. Forest management treatments that maintain or restore even small amounts of broadleaf vegetation could mitigate further declines. C1 [Betts, M. G.; Rivers, J. W.; McComb, B. C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hagar, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Alexander, J. D.] Klamath Bird Observ, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [McGarigal, K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Betts, MG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 312 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matthew.betts@oregonstate.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Food and Research Initiative [AFRI-2009-04457]; Oregon State University; Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhancement (COPE); Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service FX This work would not have been possible without the efforts of many field assistants, both paid and volunteer, who collected bird distribution data. Thanks are also due to P. Haggerty (USGS) who compiled the GIS data. Finally, we are grateful to J. Fontaine and four anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments on this manuscript. Research was funded by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Food and Research Initiative grant (AFRI-2009-04457), and Oregon State University Fish and Wildlife Habitat in Managed Forests Program to M. G. Betts, and from the Coastal Oregon Productivity Enhancement (COPE) program to B. C. McComb and K. McGarigal. Southern Oregon data were made available through the Klamath Bird Observatory-Redwood Sciences Laboratory Avian Data Center and Klamath Bird Monitoring Network, as a result of C. John Ralph's vision, Jamie L. Stephen's leadership, and support from the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service. NR 109 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2116 EP 2130 DI 10.1890/09-1305.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690IM UT WOS:000284996600006 PM 21265446 ER PT J AU Jackson, NL Nordstrom, KF Saini, S Smith, DR AF Jackson, Nancy L. Nordstrom, Karl F. Saini, Sherestha Smith, David R. TI Effects of nourishment on the form and function of an estuarine beach SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Aeolian transport; Beach nourishment; Estuarine beach; Beach scarp; Sediment activation ID AEOLIAN SAND TRANSPORT; DELAWARE BAY; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; SEDIMENT; DESIGN; SIZE; SHOREBIRDS; IMPACTS; HABITAT AB Beach nourishment programs in estuaries can enhance shore protection, but they decrease habitat suitability by creating higher berms and wider backshores than would occur under natural conditions. Use of sediment sources from outside the area can result in sedimentary characteristics that differ from native sediments on the surface and at depth, altering conditions for both aeolian transport to dunes and interstitial fauna. Field data were gathered on an estuarine beach to determine differences in beach profile change, depth of sediment reworking, and potential for aeolian transport due to nourishment. Data were gathered over a 20-month period 6 months prior to nourishment, 3 days after nourishment, 6 months after nourishment, and 14 months after nourishment when the beach was mechanically graded to eliminate a vertical scarp in the foreshore. The nourishment consisted of 87,900 m(3) of sediment emplaced to create a 1.34-km-long, 30-m-wide berm 2.3 m above mean tide level. Seven percent of the fill was removed from the profile within 6 months after nourishment, accompanied by 7m in horizontal retreat of the artificial berm. The fill on the backshore remained above the zone of wave influence over a winter storm season and was separated from the active foreshore by the scarp. Nourished sediments on the intertidal foreshore were significantly different from native sediments to a depth of 0.20 m it below the surface. A lag surface of coarse sediment formed by deflation on the backshore, resulting in a rate of aeolian transport <2% of the rate on the wave-reworked foreshore. Nourishing a beach to a level higher than would be created by natural processes can create a profile that compartmentalizes and restricts transport of sediment and movement of fauna between the foreshore and backshore. Mechanical grading can eliminate the scarp, allow for faunal interaction, and reestablish wave reworking of the backshore that will facilitate aeolian transport. Using an initial design to nourish the backshore at a lower elevation and allowing a dune to provide protection against flooding during major storms could prevent a scarp from forming and eliminate the need for follow-up grading. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Nancy L.; Saini, Sherestha] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Nordstrom, Karl F.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Jackson, NL (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jacksonn@njit.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA060AR4170086]; State of New Jersey FX We are grateful to Bill and Shawna McSpadden for access to their property. This publication is the result of research sponsored by New Jersey Sea Grant with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce, under NOAA grant number NA060AR4170086, and New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium/New Jersey Sea Grant with funds appropriated by the State of New Jersey. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of New Jersey Sea Grant or the U.S Department of Commerce, NJSG-10-772. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1709 EP 1718 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.07.016 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 682ET UT WOS:000284384900014 ER PT J AU Heisey, DM Osnas, EE Cross, PC Joly, DO Langenberg, JA Miller, MW AF Heisey, Dennis M. Osnas, Erik E. Cross, Paul C. Joly, Damien O. Langenberg, Julia A. Miller, Michael W. TI Rejoinder: sifting through model space SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; WILDLIFE EPIDEMIC; IDENTIFIABILITY; TIME; INFORMATION; REGRESSION; VARIANCE; DEER C1 [Heisey, Dennis M.] USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Osnas, Erik E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Joly, Damien O.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Hlth Programs, Nanaimo, BC V9S 2S4, Canada. [Langenberg, Julia A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Miller, Michael W.] Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Heisey, DM (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dheisey@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU USGS FX We thank the discussants for their excellent contributions. We also thank John Fieberg and William Link for helpful comments. The USGS provided support for Heisey and Cross. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3503 EP 3514 DI 10.1890/10-0894.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699AA UT WOS:000285635100013 ER PT J AU Damschen, EI Harrison, S Grace, JB AF Damschen, Ellen I. Harrison, Susan Grace, James B. TI Climate change effects on an endemic-rich edaphic flora: resurveying Robert H. Whittaker's Siskiyou sites (Oregon, USA) SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; biogeographic affinity; climate change; edaphic; endemism; gradients; plant community; Robert H. Whittaker; serpentine; soil type; species distribution; topography ID ASSISTED COLONIZATION; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; LINEAGES; PATTERNS; IMPACT; SHIFTS; RISK AB Species with relatively narrow niches, such as plants restricted (endemic) to particular soils, may be especially vulnerable to extinction under a changing climate due to the enhanced difficulty they face in migrating to suitable new sites. To test for community-level effects of climate change, and to compare such effects in a highly endemic-rich flora on unproductive serpentine soils vs. the flora of normal (diorite) soils, in 2007 we resampled as closely as possible 108 sites originally studied by ecologist Robert H. Whittaker from 1949 to 1951 in the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon, USA. We found sharp declines in herb cover and richness on both serpentine and diorite soils. Declines were strongest in species of northern biogeographic affinity, species endemic to the region (in serpentine communities only), and species endemic to serpentine soils. Consistent with climatic warming, herb communities have shifted from 1949-1951 to 2007 to more closely resemble communities found on xeric (warm, dry) south-facing slopes. The changes found in the Siskiyou herb flora suggest that biotas rich in narrowly distributed endemics may be particularly susceptible to the effects of a warming climate. C1 [Damschen, Ellen I.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Harrison, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Damschen, EI (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Birge Hall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM damschen@wisc.edu RI Damschen, Ellen/E-4919-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542451]; USGS FX L. L. Olsvig-Whittaker and the Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections provided access to Robert Whittaker's data. Field and data entry assistance were provided by M. Brown, T. Elder, K. Fuccillo, C. Garnier, J. Hansford, T. Hoang, F. Hrusa, M. Jules, A. King, K. Kostelnik, R. Mack, K. Moore, T. Talty, and K. Torres. Valuable discussions and manuscript comments were provided by D. Ackerly, H. Cornell, N. Haddad, E. Jules, D. Levey, D. Odion, J. Orrock, R. Peet, J. Roth, N. Sanders, M. Schwartz, A. Storfer, J. Tewksbury, T. Wentworth, and the Damschen and Harrison Labs. Logistical support was provided by the Siskiyou Field Institute-Deer Creek Center, Siskiyou National Forest, Oregon Caves National Monument, and the Marion Ownbey Herbarium at Washington State University. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation DEB-0542451, as well as by the USGS Global Climate Change Program. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3609 EP 3619 DI 10.1890/09-1057.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699AA UT WOS:000285635100022 PM 21302832 ER PT J AU White, J Mirleau, P Danchin, E Mulard, H Hatch, SA Heeb, P Wagner, RH AF White, Joel Mirleau, Pascal Danchin, Etienne Mulard, Herve Hatch, Scott A. Heeb, Philipp Wagner, Richard H. TI Sexually transmitted bacteria affect female cloacal assemblages in a wild bird SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ARISA; black-legged kittiwake; cloacal bacteria; gastrointestinal microbiota; mating behaviour; sexual selection; sexually transmitted diseases; transmission ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MONOGAMOUS BIRD; MATING SYSTEMS; EVOLUTION; COMMUNITY; DISEASES; SPERM; TRANSMISSION AB Sexual transmission is an important mode of disease propagation, yet its mechanisms remain largely unknown in wild populations. Birds comprise an important model for studying sexually transmitted microbes because their cloaca provides a potential for both gastrointestinal pathogens and endosymbionts to become incorporated into ejaculates. We experimentally demonstrate in a wild population of kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) that bacteria are transmitted during copulation and affect the composition and diversity of female bacterial communities. We used an anti-insemination device attached to males in combination with a molecular technique (automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis) that describes bacterial communities. After inseminations were experimentally blocked, the cloacal communities of mates became increasingly dissimilar. Moreover, female cloacal diversity decreased and the extinction of mate-shared bacteria increased, indicating that female cloacal assemblages revert to their pre-copulatory state and that the cloaca comprises a resilient microbial ecosystem. C1 [White, Joel; Mirleau, Pascal; Danchin, Etienne; Mulard, Herve; Heeb, Philipp] CNRS, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol EDB, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [White, Joel; Mirleau, Pascal; Danchin, Etienne; Mulard, Herve; Heeb, Philipp] Univ Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, EDB, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [White, Joel; Wagner, Richard H.] Austrian Acad Sci, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP White, J (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, Dept Biol, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. EM joel.white@ua.ac.be RI White, Joel/D-8482-2011; Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009 FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor [429, 1162]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique [2410]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-05, NT05-3_42075]; Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) [P20401]; Fondation Fyssen post-doctoral study grant FX We thank C. Gouraud and M. du Toit for their assistance in the field; Julien Sarry, Gerald Salin and the Plateforme Genomique du Genopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees for help with the sequencing and A.P. Moller, D.F. Westneat, as well as three anonymous referees for constructive comments on the manuscript. Experiments were carried out in accordance to United States' laws and under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and State of Alaska. Mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was supported by two grants from the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor ('Programmes Arctique 429 & 1162') to E.D., a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Projets Internationaux de Cooperation Scientifique no. 2410) grant to E.D. & R.H.W., an Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant (ANR-05, NT05-3_42075) to P.H. and an Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) grant P20401 to R.H. W.J.W. was supported by a Fondation Fyssen post-doctoral study grant. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1515 EP 1524 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01542.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682AS UT WOS:000284369200007 PM 20961376 ER PT J AU Petrosky, CE Schaller, HA AF Petrosky, C. E. Schaller, H. A. TI Influence of river conditions during seaward migration and ocean conditions on survival rates of Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE seaward migration; hydropower dams; ocean conditions; Chinook salmon; steelhead; marine survival ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DELAYED MORTALITY; POPULATION VIABILITY; HYDROPOWER SYSTEM; COLUMBIA RIVERS; MARINE SURVIVAL; COHO SALMON; PRODUCTIVITY; OREGON AB Improved understanding of the relative influence of ocean and freshwater factors on survival of at-risk anadromous fish populations is critical to success of conservation and recovery efforts. Abundance and smolt to adult survival rates of Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead decreased dramatically coincident with construction of hydropower dams in the 1970s. However, separating the influence of ocean and freshwater conditions is difficult because of possible confounding factors. We used long time-series of smolt to adult survival rates for Chinook salmon and steelhead to estimate first year ocean survival rates. We constructed multiple regression models that explained the survival rate patterns using environmental indices for ocean conditions and in-river conditions experienced during seaward migration. Survival rates during the smolt to adult and first year ocean life stages for both species were associated with both ocean and river conditions. Best-fit, simplest models indicate that lower survival rates for Chinook salmon are associated with warmer ocean conditions, reduced upwelling in the spring, and with slower river velocity during the smolt migration or multiple passages through powerhouses at dams. Similarly, lower survival rates for steelhead are associated with warmer ocean conditions, reduced upwelling in the spring, and with slower river velocity and warmer river temperatures. Given projections for warming ocean conditions, a precautionary management approach should focus on improving in-river migration conditions by increasing water velocity, relying on increased spill, or other actions that reduce delay of smolts through the river corridor during their seaward migration. C1 [Petrosky, C. E.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Schaller, H. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Petrosky, CE (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 600 S Walnut Ave,POB 25, Boise, ID 83707 USA. EM charlie.petrosky@idfg.idaho.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [19960200] FX We thank staff of the Fish Passage Center and Eric Tinus for environmental and management data sets and David Hines for creating the map. We greatly appreciate the reviews and comments of Christina Luzier, Tim Roth, Eric Tinus, Paul Wilson and two anonymous referees. Partial funding was provided by Bonneville Power Administration Contract 19960200. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 520 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00425.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 679OO UT WOS:000284170900003 ER PT J AU Lapointe, NWR Thorson, JT Angermeier, PL AF Lapointe, N. W. R. Thorson, J. T. Angermeier, P. L. TI Seasonal meso- and microhabitat selection by the northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac river system SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE habitat; fish; telemetry; scale; invasion biology; nonindigenous ID LOWLAND AUSTRALIAN RIVER; HABITAT USE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; COMMON CARP; MOVEMENT; FISH; INVASION; LAKE; PREDATION AB The northern snakehead (Channa argus) is a large piscivorous fish that is invasive in eastern Europe and has recently been introduced in North America. We examined the seasonal habitat selection at meso- and microhabitat scales using radio-telemetry to increase understanding of the ecology of this species, which will help to inform management decisions. After the spawning season (postspawn season, September-November), northern snakeheads preferred offshore Eurasian water-milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) beds with shallow water (similar to 115 cm) and soft substrate. In the winter (November-April), these fish moved to deeper water (similar to 135 cm) with warmer temperatures, but habitat selection was weak at both scales. Northern snakeheads returned to shallower water (similar to 95 cm) in the prespawn season (April-June) and used milfoil and other cover. Habitat selection was the strongest at both meso- and microhabitat scales during the spawning season (June-September), when fish preferred macrophytes and cover in shallow water (similar to 88 cm). Our results help to identify habitats at the risk of invasion by northern snakeheads. We suggest that control efforts and future research focus on shallow waters, and take into consideration the seasonal habitat preferences. C1 [Lapointe, N. W. R.; Thorson, J. T.; Angermeier, P. L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, P. L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lapointe, NWR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM nlapointe@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Research Unit at Virginia Tech; USGS; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The authors thank Ryan Saylor for help in the field. Many others provided help and advice, including Craig Harms, Scott Klopfer, Brian Murphy, John Odenkirk and Steve Owens. We wish to thank Lenee Pennington (VDGIF) for providing map data. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Research Unit at Virginia Tech, a grant from the USGS Invasive Species Program, and a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada postgraduate fellowship. The Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries contributed biologists' time and equipment, and Fort Belvoir provided boat storage and launching facilities. The work was greatly improved by comments from Andrew Gascho Landis, D. Allen Pattillo, Matt J. MacDonald and anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product or firm name does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 566 EP 577 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00437.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 679OO UT WOS:000284170900007 ER PT J AU Miyazono, S Aycock, JN Miranda, LE Tietjen, TE AF Miyazono, S. Aycock, J. N. Miranda, L. E. Tietjen, T. E. TI Assemblage patterns of fish functional groups relative to habitat connectivity and conditions in floodplain lakes SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fish assemblage; floodplain lake; habitat connectivity; life-history strategy; local environmental factors ID LIFE-HISTORY; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; OXBOW LAKES; RIVER; MISSISSIPPI; STREAM; BASIN AB We evaluated the influences of habitat connectivity and local environmental factors on the distribution and abundance patterns of fish functional groups in 17 floodplain lakes in the Yazoo River Basin, USA. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses showed that species-environmental relationships varied with the functional groups. Species richness and assemblage structure of periodic strategists showed strong and positive correlations with habitat connectivity. Densities of most equilibrium and opportunistic strategists decreased with habitat connectivity. Densities of certain equilibrium and opportunistic strategists increased with turbidity. Forested wetlands around the lakes were positively related to the densities of periodic and equilibrium strategists. These results suggest that decreases in habitat connectivity, forested wetland buffers and water quality resulting from environmental manipulations may cause local extinction of certain fish taxa and accelerate the dominance of tolerant fishes in floodplain lakes. C1 [Miyazono, S.; Aycock, J. N.; Tietjen, T. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Miyazono, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Goddard Hall Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM seiji.miyazono@ttu.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station; Mississippi State University FX This research was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, and Mississippi State University. We thank J. Killgore for his support and guidance, C. Steffen for help with the field work and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that greatly improved the study. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 578 EP 585 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00438.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 679OO UT WOS:000284170900008 ER PT J AU Ashton, MJ Layzer, JB AF Ashton, M. J. Layzer, J. B. TI Summer microhabitat use by adult and young-of-year snail darters (Percina tanasi) in two rivers SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE microhabitat use; Percina tanasi; darter ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAM; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; HABITAT USE; FISH; ABUNDANCE; PREDATION; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; FLOW AB We characterised microhabitat availability and use by adult and young-of-year (YOY) snail darters (Percina tanasi Etnier 1976) while snorkelling in the French Broad and Hiwassee rivers, TN, USA. Both age groups of snail darters disproportionately used most microhabitat variables compared to their availability. Snail darters primarily occupied moderately deep, swift water over gravel substrates with little macrophyte coverage and no silt. Univariate comparisons indicated that adult and YOY darters occupied different habitat, but there was no marked differences between principal components analysis plots of multivariate microhabitat use within a river. Although the availability of microhabitat variables differed between the French Broad and Hiwassee rivers, univariate means and multivariate plots illustrated that the habitats used were generally similar by age groups of snail darters between rivers. Because our observations of habitat availability and use were constrained to low flow periods and depths < 1 m, the transferability of our results to higher flow periods may be limited. However, the similarity in habitat use between rivers suggests that our results can be applied to low-normal flow conditions in other streams. C1 [Layzer, J. B.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. RP Ashton, MJ (reprint author), Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Monitoring & Nontidal Assessment Div, Tawes State Off Bldg,C-2, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM mashton@dnr.state.md.us FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville Field Office, Tennessee FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville Field Office, Tennessee, provided funds for this study. We thank Ben Davis, Erica Dyer, Nick Jamison, V. Malissa Mengel, Eric Rahm, Samrat Saha, Josh Thomasson and Andy Weber for assistance in the field. David Smith, Hayden Mattingly, and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank Ed Scott for assistance in the field and valuable information from TVA monitoring of snail darters. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 609 EP 617 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00442.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 679OO UT WOS:000284170900011 ER PT J AU Donohoe, CJ Zimmerman, CE AF Donohoe, Christopher J. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI A method of mounting multiple otoliths for beam-based microchemical analyses SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Otolith Symposium CY AUG 24-28, 2009 CL Monterey, CA DE Otolith preparation; Throughput; Ion microprobe; Laser ablation; Thin section ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FISH OTOLITHS; LIFE-HISTORY; CHEMISTRY; MOVEMENTS; RESIDENT; PROGENY AB Beam-based analytical methods are widely used to measure the concentrations of elements and isotopes in otoliths. These methods usually require that otoliths be individually mounted and prepared to properly expose the desired growth region to the analytical beam. Most analytical instruments, such as LA-ICPMS and ion and electron microprobes, have sample holders that will accept only one to six slides or mounts at a time. We describe a method of mounting otoliths that allows for easy transfer of many otoliths to a single mount after they have been prepared. Such an approach increases the number of otoliths that can be analyzed in a single session by reducing the need open the sample chamber to exchange slides-a particularly time consuming step on instruments that operate under vacuum. For ion and electron microprobes, the method also greatly reduces the number of slides that must be coated with an electrical conductor prior to analysis. In this method, a narrow strip of cover glass is first glued at one end to a standard microscope slide. The otolith is then mounted in thermoplastic resin on the opposite, free end of the strip. The otolith can then be ground and flipped, if needed, by reheating the mounting medium. After otolith preparation is complete, the cover glass is cut with a scribe to free the otolith and up to 20 small otoliths can be arranged on a single petrographic slide. C1 [Donohoe, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Donohoe, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cdonohoe@pmc.ucsc.edu OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9680-3 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 690BZ UT WOS:000284976500023 ER PT J AU Wiggins, GJ Grant, JF Lambdin, PL Ranney, JW Wilkerson, JB van Manen, FT AF Wiggins, G. J. Grant, J. F. Lambdin, P. L. Ranney, Jack W. Wilkerson, J. B. van Manen, F. T. TI Spatial Prediction of Habitat Overlap of Introduced and Native Thistles to Identify Potential Areas of Nontarget Activity of Biological Control Agents SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carduus nutans; Cirsium; Rhinocyllus conicus; Trichosirocalus horridus; nontarget ID RHINOCYLLUS-CONICUS COLEOPTERA; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT FAUNAS; HORRIDUS PANZER COLEOPTERA; TRICHOSIROCALUS-HORRIDUS; HOST SPECIFICITY; NATIONAL-PARK; CEUTHORHYNCHIDIUS-HORRIDUS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CIRSIUM THISTLES; CARDUUS-NUTANS AB Nontarget feeding of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich and Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) on native North American thistles in the genus Cirsium has been documented. Some species of these native thistles have shown greater infestation levels of R. conicus in populations that are in close proximity to the target plant species, Carduus nutans L. In 2005 a study was initiated to identify areas of potential nontarget feeding by R. conicus and T. horridus on thistle species by predicting habitats of two known introduced hosts [C. nutans and Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore] and two native species [Cirsium carolinianum (Walter) Fernald and Schubert and C. discolor (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Sprengel] using Mahalanobis distance (D(2)). Cumulative frequency graphs showed that the D(2) models for all four plant species effectively identified site conditions that contribute to the presence of the respective species. Poisson regression showed an association between D(2) values and plant counts at field-test sites for C. nutans and C. carolinianum. However, negative binomial regression detected no association between D(2) values and plant counts for C. discolor or C. vulgare. Chi-square analysis indicated associations between both weevil species and sites where C. vulgare and Carduus nutans were found, but not between the weevil and native thistle species. Habitats of C. nutans and Cirsium carolinianum overlapped in approximate to 12% of the study area. Data-based habitat models may provide a powerful tool for land managers and scientists to monitor native plant populations for nontarget feeding by introduced biological control agents. C1 [Wiggins, G. J.; Grant, J. F.; Lambdin, P. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ranney, Jack W.] Univ Tennessee, Energy Environm & Resources Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wilkerson, J. B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci Off 309, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [van Manen, F. T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wiggins, GJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wiggybug@utk.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [916586] FX Thanks to Ann Reed for assistance with statistical analyses. We also thank Isaac Deal, Renee Follum, Josh Grant, Jared Oakes, Coleman Timberlake, and Tracey Wiggins for their assistance with data collection, data entry and other support. We thank the numerous land owners and state agencies (Tennessee Department of Transportation, TN Division of Forestry, TN State Parks, TN Wildlife Resources Agency) that permitted access to their property to collect and test spatial data. Funding for this project was provided in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Greater Research Opportunities Graduate Program, Fellowship #916586. The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1866 EP 1877 DI 10.1603/EN10112 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705JW UT WOS:000286125700020 PM 22182552 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Nestlerode, JA Harwell, LC Bourgeois, P AF Smith, Lisa M. Nestlerode, Janet A. Harwell, Linda C. Bourgeois, Pete TI The areal extent of brown shrimp habitat suitability in Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA: targeting vegetated habitat restoration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Brown shrimp; Estuarine habitat; Habitat suitability index (HSI); Gulf of Mexico; Mobile Bay ID PENAEUS-AZTECUS; FARFANTEPENAEUS-AZTECUS; GALVESTON BAY; POSTLARVAL; SELECTION; MODEL AB The availability of wetlands and shallow water habitats significantly influences Gulf of Mexico (GOM) penaeid shrimp fishery productivity. However, the GOM region has the highest rate of wetland loss in the USA. Protection and management of these vital GOM habitats are critical to sustainable shrimp fisheries. Brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) are a major component of GOM fisheries. We present an approach for estimating the areal extent of suitable habitat for post-larval and juvenile brown shrimp in Mobile Bay, Alabama, using an existing habitat suitability index model for the northern GOM calculated from probabilistic survey of water quality and sediment data, land cover data, and submerged aquatic vegetation coverages. This estuarine scale approach is intended to support targeted protection and restoration of these habitats. These analyses indicate that approximately 60% of the area of Mobile Bay is categorized as suitable to near optimal for post-larval and juvenile shrimp and 38% of the area is marginally to minimally suitable. We identify potential units within Mobile Bay for targeted restoration to improve habitat suitability. C1 [Smith, Lisa M.; Nestlerode, Janet A.; Harwell, Linda C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Bourgeois, Pete] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Gulf Breeze Field Off, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM smith.lisam@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1320 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 171 IS 1-4 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-1303-0 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672NQ UT WOS:000283592800047 PM 20082136 ER PT J AU Pastore, CL Green, MB Bain, DJ Munoz-Hernandez, A Vorosmarty, CJ Arrigo, J Brandt, S Duncan, JM Greco, F Kim, H Kumar, S Lally, M Parolari, AJ Pellerin, B Salant, N Schlosser, A Zalzal, K AF Pastore, Christopher L. Green, Mark B. Bain, Daniel J. Munoz-Hernandez, Andrea Voeroesmarty, Charles J. Arrigo, Jennifer Brandt, Sara Duncan, Jonathan M. Greco, Francesca Kim, Hyojin Kumar, Sanjiv Lally, Michael Parolari, Anthony J. Pellerin, Brain Salant, Nira Schlosser, Adam Zalzal, Kate TI Tapping Environmental History to Recreate America's Colonial Hydrology SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLOCENE CLIMATE VARIABILITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; ICE-AGE; WATER; RECONSTRUCTIONS; EUTROPHICATION; IMPACTS; DROUGHT; STREAMS C1 [Pastore, Christopher L.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Green, Mark B.] Plymouth State Univ, Plymouth, NH USA. [Bain, Daniel J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Munoz-Hernandez, Andrea; Voeroesmarty, Charles J.] CUNY City Coll, Environm Cross Rd Initiat, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Arrigo, Jennifer] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. [Brandt, Sara] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA USA. [Duncan, Jonathan M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Greco, Francesca] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Kim, Hyojin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kumar, Sanjiv] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lally, Michael] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Parolari, Anthony J.] MIT, Ralph M Parsons Lab Environm Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pellerin, Brain] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Salant, Nira] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Schlosser, Adam] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schlosser, Adam] MIT, Res Joint Program, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zalzal, Kate] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pastore, CL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM chris.pastore@unh.edu RI Kumar, Sanjiv /A-1061-2013; Bain, Daniel/G-3055-2013; Parolari, Anthony/I-5137-2013; OI Green, Mark/0000-0002-7415-7209 FU NSF under the aegis of the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. [EAR 084967R] FX This work was supported by NSF grant EAR 084967R under the aegis of the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. Any opinions, findings, or recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or CUAHSI. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 23 BP 8798 EP 8803 DI 10.1021/es102672c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 684CA UT WOS:000284523400005 PM 21047116 ER PT J AU Borrok, DM Giere, R Ren, MH Landa, ER AF Borrok, David M. Giere, Reto Ren, Minghua Landa, Edward R. TI Zinc Isotopic Composition of Particulate Matter Generated during the Combustion of Coal and Coal plus Tire-Derived Fuels SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POWER-STATION; ZN; FRACTIONATION; ENVIRONMENT; DEPOSITIONS; EMISSIONS; TRACERS AB Atmospheric Zn emissions from.:he burning of coal and tire-derived fuel (TDF) for power generation can be considerable. In an effort to lay the foundation for tracking these contributions, we evaluated the Zn isotopes of coal, a mixture of 95 wt % coal + 5 wt % TDF, and the particulate matter (PM) derived from their combustion in a power-generating plant. The average Zn concentrations and delta(66)Zn were 36 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg and +0.24 parts per thousand and +0.13 parts per thousand for the coal and coal + TDF, respectively. The (delta(66)Zn of the PM sequestered in the cyclone-type mechanical separator was the lightest measured, -0.48 parts per thousand for coal and -0.81 parts per thousand for coal+TDF. The delta(66)Zn of the PM from the electrostatic precipitator showed a slight enrichment in the heavier Zn isotopes relative to the starting material. PM collected from the stack had the heaviest delta(66)Zn in the system, +0.63 parts per thousand and +0.50 parts per thousand for the coal and coal + TDF, respectively. Initial fractionation during the generation of a Zn-rich vapor is followed by temperature-dependant fractionation as Zn condenses onto the PM. The isotopic changes of the two fuel types are similar, suggesting that their inherent chemical differences have only a secondary impact on the isotopic fractionation process. C1 [Borrok, David M.; Ren, Minghua] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Giere, Reto] Univ Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Borrok, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM dborrok@utep.edu FU U.S. Government; NSF [MRI 0820986] FX We thank Glenda Singleton, Steven Lev, and Dale Simmons for providing helpful feedback on early drafts of the manuscript; Bruce High, Operations Supervisor of the Wade Utility Plant at Purdue University for providing technical information; and Thomas Jauss for drawing Figure 1. The manuscript was additionally improved through the thoughtful comments of 3 anonymous reviewers. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is CEEIR contribution #2 (NSF MRI 0820986). NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 23 BP 9219 EP 9224 DI 10.1021/es102439g PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 684CA UT WOS:000284523400069 PM 21047059 ER PT J AU Ziegeweid, JR Black, MC AF Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R. Black, Marsha C. TI Hematocrit and plasma osmolality values of young-of-year shortnose sturgeon following acute exposures to combinations of salinity and temperature SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acclimation; Development; Blood; Physiology; Acipenser brevirostrum ID ACIPENSER-NACCARII; IONIC REGULATION; JUVENILE; OSMOREGULATION; BREVIROSTRUM; RESPONSES AB Little is known about the physiological capabilities of young-of-year (YOY) shortnose sturgeon In this study, plasma osmolality and hematocrit values were measured for YOY shortnose sturgeon following 48-h exposures to 12 different combinations of salinity and temperature Hematocrit levels varied significantly with temperature and age, and plasma osmolalities varied significantly with salinity and age Plasma osmolality and hematocrit values were similar to previously published values for other sturgeons of similar age and size in similar treatment conditions C1 [Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Black, Marsha C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ziegeweid, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, 415 S Pokegama Ave, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RI Black, Marsha /B-6449-2013 FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX We thank Kent Ware of the Bears Bluff National Fish Hatchery (USFWS) for supplying the shortnose sturgeon for these experiments We also thank Vincent Mudrak, Carlos Echevarria, Bill Wayman, and Brian Hickson of the Warm Springs Regional Fisheries Center (USFWS) for providing the facilities and technical support for the research Dustin Haskins, Megan Hill, and J Tavis Mclean assisted in culturing fish and conducting the experiments This research was authorized under Endangered Species Permit 1261 that was issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service Research was also authorized by the University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, number A2006-10039-0 Drs Cecil Jennings and Douglas Peterson provided funding and reviewed the manuscript Additional funding was provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 EI 1573-5168 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 963 EP 968 DI 10.1007/s10695-009-9374-y PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 691HA UT WOS:000285069700016 PM 20049635 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Ligouis, B Werth, CJ AF Yang, Yaning Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. Ligouis, Bertrand Werth, Charles J. TI Potential contributions of asphalt and coal tar to black carbon quantification in urban dust, soils, and sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHEMICAL OXIDATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SORPTION; SOOT; SEALCOAT; CHAR; CONTAMINANTS; KEROGEN; MARINE AB Measurements of black carbon (BC) using either chemical or thermal oxidation methods are generally thought to indicate the amount of char and/or soot present in a sample. In urban environments, however, asphalt and coal-tar particles worn from pavement are ubiquitous and, because of their pyrogenic origin, could contribute to measurements of BC. Here we explored the effect of the presence of asphalt and coal-tar particles on the quantification of BC in a range of urban environmental sample types, and evaluated biases in the different methods used for quantifying BC. Samples evaluated were pavement dust, residential and commercial area soils, lake sediments from a small urban watershed, and reference materials of asphalt and coal tar. Total BC was quantified using chemical treatment through acid dichromate (Cr(2)O(7)) oxidation and chemo-thermal oxidation at 375 degrees C (CTO-375). BC species, including soot and char/charcoal, asphalt, and coal tar, were quantified with organic petrographic analysis. Comparison of results by the two oxidation methods and organic petrography indicates that both coal tar and asphalt contribute to BC quantified by Cr(2)O(7) oxidation, and that coal tar contributes to BC quantified by CTO-375. These results are supported by treatment of asphalt and coal-tar reference samples with Cr(2)O(7) oxidation and CTO-375. The reference asphalt is resistant to Cr(2)O(7) oxidation but not to CTO-375, and the reference coal tar is resistant to both Cr(2)O(7) oxidation and CTO-375. These results indicate that coal tar and/or asphalt can contribute to BC measurements in samples from urban areas using Cr(2)O(7) oxidation or CTO-375, and caution is advised when interpreting BC measurements made with these methods. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Yaning; Werth, Charles J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. [Ligouis, Bertrand] Univ Tubingen, Labs Appl Organ Petr, Tubingen, Germany. RP Werth, CJ (reprint author), 3215 NCEL,205 Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM werth@illinois.edu OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU National Institutes for Water Research (NIWR)/USGS [04HQGR0158] FX This research is funded by the National Institutes for Water Research (NIWR)/USGS, Grant No. 04HQGR0158. We thank Dr. Sangjo Jeong for assistance in sampling and the Microanalysis Lab at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) for CHN analysis. We also thank Dr. Dwight M. Smith (University of Denver) for providing n-hexane soot. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 23 BP 6830 EP 6840 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.041 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 679WR UT WOS:000284192000014 ER PT J AU Evans, WC Bergfeld, D McGeehin, JP King, JC Heasler, H AF Evans, William C. Bergfeld, Deborah McGeehin, John P. King, John C. Heasler, Henry TI Tree-ring C-14 links seismic swarm to CO2 spike at Yellowstone, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; MAGMATIC UNREST; AGE CALIBRATION; VOLCANIC SYSTEM; CRUSTAL UPLIFT; CALDERA; RADIOCARBON; MECHANISMS AB Mechanisms to explain swarms of shallow seismicity and inflation-deflation cycles at Yellowstone caldera (western United States) commonly invoke episodic escape of magma-derived brines or gases from the ductile zone, but no correlative changes in the surface efflux of magmatic constituents have ever been documented. Our analysis of individual growth rings in a tree core from the Mud Volcano thermal area within the caldera links a sharp similar to 25% drop in C-14 to a local seismic swarm in 1978. The implied fivefold increase in CO2 emissions clearly associates swarm seismicity with upflow of magma-derived fluid and shows that pulses of magmatic CO2 can rapidly traverse the 5-km-thick brittle zone, even through Yellowstone's enormous hydrothermal reservoir. The 1978 event predates annual deformation surveys, but recognized connections between subsequent seismic swarms and changes in deformation suggest that CO2 might drive both processes. C1 [Evans, William C.; Bergfeld, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [King, John C.] Lone Pine Res, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Heasler, Henry] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Evans, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM wcevans@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1075 EP 1078 DI 10.1130/G31345.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 682BW UT WOS:000284375200009 ER PT J AU Johnson, DJ Eggers, AA Bagnardi, M Battaglia, M Poland, MP Miklius, A AF Johnson, Daniel J. Eggers, Albert A. Bagnardi, Marco Battaglia, Maurizio Poland, Michael P. Miklius, Asta TI Shallow magma accumulation at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, revealed by microgravity surveys SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS; GRAVITY CHANGES; DEFORMATION; CALDERA; CONSTRAINTS; ERUPTION; NOVEMBER; COLLAPSE; STORAGE AB Using microgravity data collected at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i (United States), between November 1975 and January 2008, we document significant mass increase beneath the east margin of Halema'uma'u Crater, within Kilauea's summit caldera. Surprisingly, there was no sustained uplift accompanying the mass accumulation. We propose that the positive gravity residual in the absence of significant uplift is indicative of magma accumulation in void space (probably a network of interconnected cracks), which may have been created when magma withdrew from the summit in response to the 29 November 1975 M = 7.2 south flank earthquake. Subsequent refilling documented by gravity represents a gradual recovery from that earthquake. A new eruptive vent opened at the summit of Kilauea in 2008 within a few hundred meters of the positive gravity residual maximum, probably tapping the reservoir that had been accumulating magma since the 1975 earthquake. C1 [Eggers, Albert A.] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Geol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Bagnardi, Marco; Battaglia, Maurizio] Univ Rome, Dept Earth Sci, Rome, Italy. [Battaglia, Maurizio] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Poland, Michael P.; Miklius, Asta] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123; Battaglia, Maurizio/0000-0003-4726-5287 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1139 EP 1142 DI 10.1130/G31323.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 682BW UT WOS:000284375200025 ER PT J AU Andrews, BD Brothers, LL Barnhardt, WA AF Andrews, Brian D. Brothers, Laura L. Barnhardt, Walter A. TI Automated feature extraction and spatial organization of seafloor pockmarks, Belfast Bay, Maine, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pockmarks; Geomorphometry; Marine geology; Methane ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTHWESTERN GULF; SCOTIAN SHELF; PENOBSCOT BAY; WESTERN GULF; LEVEL CHANGE; STRATIGRAPHY; DEPOSITS; SURFACE; CANADA AB Seafloor pockmarks occur worldwide and may represent millions of m(3) of continental shelf erosion, but few numerical analyses of their morphology and spatial distribution of pockmarks exist. We introduce a quantitative definition of pockmark morphology and, based on this definition, propose a three-step geomorphometric method to identify and extract pockmarks from high-resolution swath bathymetry. We apply this GIS-implemented approach to 25 km(2) of bathymetry collected in the Belfast Bay, Maine USA pockmark field. Our model extracted 1767 pockmarks and found a linear pockmark depth-to-diameter ratio for pockmarks field-wide. Mean pockmark depth is 7.6 m and mean diameter is 84.8 m. Pockmark distribution is non-random, and nearly half of the field's pockmarks occur in chains. The most prominent chains are oriented semi-normal to the steepest gradient in Holocene sediment thickness. A descriptive model yields field-wide spatial statistics indicating that pockmarks are distributed in non-random clusters. Results enable quantitative comparison of pockmarks in fields worldwide as well as similar concave features, such as impact craters, dolines, or salt pools. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Andrews, Brian D.; Barnhardt, Walter A.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Andrews, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bandrews@usgs.gov OI Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU Maine Economic Improvement Fund FX We thank Richard Pike, Jason Chaytor, and Joe Kelley for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. A Maine Economic Improvement Fund Dissertation Fellowship provided graduate support for L Brothers. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.009 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 676KP UT WOS:000283910200005 ER PT J AU Ryberg, T Haberland, C Fuis, GS Ellsworth, WL Shelly, DR AF Ryberg, T. Haberland, Ch. Fuis, G. S. Ellsworth, W. L. Shelly, D. R. TI Locating non-volcanic tremor along the San Andreas Fault using a multiple array source imaging technique SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time series analysis; Body waves; Wave propagation; Continental tectonics: strike-slip and transform; Fractures and faults; North America ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE CALCULATION; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; 3 DIMENSIONS; DEEP TREMOR; MANTLE; EARTHQUAKE; PARKFIELD; SUBDUCTION; CALIFORNIA; MIGRATION AB Non-volcanic tremor (NVT) has been observed at several subduction zones and at the San Andreas Fault (SAF). Tremor locations are commonly derived by cross-correlating envelope-transformed seismic traces in combination with source-scanning techniques. Recently, they have also been located by using relative relocations with master events, that is low-frequency earthquakes that are part of the tremor; locations are derived by conventional traveltime-based methods. Here we present a method to locate the sources of NVT using an imaging approach for multiple array data. The performance of the method is checked with synthetic tests and the relocation of earthquakes. We also applied the method to tremor occurring near Cholame, California. A set of small-aperture arrays (i.e. an array consisting of arrays) installed around Cholame provided the data set for this study. We observed several tremor episodes and located tremor sources in the vicinity of SAF. During individual tremor episodes, we observed a systematic change of source location, indicating rapid migration of the tremor source along SAF. C1 [Ryberg, T.; Haberland, Ch.] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Fuis, G. S.; Ellsworth, W. L.; Shelly, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ryberg, T (reprint author), Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM trond@gfz-potsdam.de RI Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Haberland, Christian/0000-0002-2981-7087; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 183 IS 3 BP 1485 EP 1500 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04805.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 680YZ UT WOS:000284274700030 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Guntenspergen, GR D'Alpaos, A Morris, JT Mudd, SM Temmerman, S AF Kirwan, Matthew L. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. D'Alpaos, Andrea Morris, James T. Mudd, Simon M. Temmerman, Stijn TI Limits on the adaptability of coastal marshes to rising sea level SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; RISE; SEDIMENTATION; WETLANDS; ESTUARY; USA AB Assumptions of a static landscape inspire predictions that about half of the world's coastal wetlands will submerge during this century in response to sea-level acceleration. In contrast, we use simulations from five numerical models to quantify the conditions under which ecogeomorphic feedbacks allow coastal wetlands to adapt to projected changes in sea level. In contrast to previous sea-level assessments, we find that non-linear feedbacks among inundation, plant growth, organic matter accretion, and sediment deposition, allow marshes to survive conservative projections of sea-level rise where suspended sediment concentrations are greater than similar to 20 mg/L. Under scenarios of more rapid sea-level rise (e. g., those that include ice sheet melting), marshes will likely submerge near the end of the 21st century. Our results emphasize that in areas of rapid geomorphic change, predicting the response of ecosystems to climate change requires consideration of the ability of biological processes tomodify their physical environment. Citation: Kirwan, M. L., G. R. Guntenspergen, A. D'Alpaos, J. T. Morris, S. M. Mudd, and S. Temmerman (2010), Limits on the adaptability of coastal marshes to rising sea level, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23401, doi:10.1029/2010GL045489. C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.; Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [D'Alpaos, Andrea] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, I-3513 Padua, Italy. [Morris, James T.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mudd, Simon M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. [Temmerman, Stijn] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mkirwan@usgs.gov RI Mudd, Simon/F-8521-2010; Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011; D'Alpaos, Andrea/F-3161-2012; Temmerman, Stijn/C-5521-2009 OI Mudd, Simon/0000-0002-1357-8501; D'Alpaos, Andrea/0000-0003-1172-8278; FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR 1617209] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program and the National Science Foundation (EAR 1617209). We thank Jim Grace, Pat Megonigal, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 29 TC 199 Z9 200 U1 23 U2 181 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L23401 DI 10.1029/2010GL045489 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 690OH UT WOS:000285013600003 ER PT J AU Paull, CK Ussler, W Caress, DW Lundsten, E Covault, JA Maier, KL Xu, JP Augenstein, S AF Paull, Charles K. Ussler, William, III Caress, David W. Lundsten, Eve Covault, Jacob A. Maier, Katherine L. Xu, Jingping Augenstein, Sean TI Origins of large crescent-shaped bedforms within the axial channel of Monterey Canyon, offshore California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID PENNSYLVANIAN JACKFORK GROUP; GRAINED SEDIMENT WAVES; DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES; OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; CYCLIC STEPS; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MULTIBEAM DATA; SLOPE FAILURE AB Crescent-shaped bedforms with wavelengths from 20 to 80 m, amplitudes to 2.5 m, and concave down-canyon crests occur in the axial channel of Monterey Canyon (offshore California, USA) in water depths from 11 to more than 350 m. The existence of these features may be an important new clue as to how sediment moves through submarine canyons. Three complementary studies were initiated in 2007 to understand the origin and evolution of these bedforms. (1) Vibracoring. Three transects of closely spaced remotely operated vehicle-collected vibracores were obtained across these bedforms. The seafloor underneath these features is composed of gravity-flow deposits. (2) Acoustic array. Three boulder-sized concrete monuments containing acoustic beacons were buried just below the surface of the canyon floor in similar to 290 m water depth and their locations were redetermined on 17 subsequent occasions. Although the beacons became more deeply buried >0.6 m below the seafloor, they still could be tracked acoustically. Over a 26-month period the position of 1 or more of the beacons moved down-canyon during at least 6 discrete transport events for a total displacement of 994-1676 m. The movement and burial of the monuments suggest that the seabed was mobilized to >1 m depth during gravity-flow events. (3) Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) repeat mapping. AUV-acquired high-resolution multibeam mapping, and CHIRP (compressed high-intensity radar pulse) subbottom profiling surveys of the seafloor in the active channel were repeated four times in the first half of 2007. In addition, the movement of large instrument frames deployed in 2001-2003 within the axis of Monterey Canyon in the area now known to be associated with the crescent-shaped bedforms is documented. The fate of the frames has helped elucidate the frequency, transport potential, and processes occurring within the axis of Monterey Canyon associated with these bed-forms. The crescent-shaped bedforms appear to be produced during brief gravity-flow events that occur multiple times each year, commonly coincident with times of large significant wave heights. Whether the bedforms are generated by erosion associated with cyclic steps in turbidity flows or internal deformation associated with slumping during gravity-flow events remains unclear. C1 [Paull, Charles K.; Ussler, William, III; Caress, David W.; Lundsten, Eve] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Covault, Jacob A.; Maier, Katherine L.; Augenstein, Sean] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. [Xu, Jingping] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support. Special thanks to the crews of the R/V Point Lobos and R/V Zephyr, pilots of the ROV Ventana, and autonomous underwater vehicle operators. We thank Peter Talling and David J.W. Piper for very helpful reviews. Bill Normark played a major role in the early stages of this study. If he were still with us, he would have been listed as an author of this paper. NR 62 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 6 BP 755 EP 774 DI 10.1130/GES00527.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 692GX UT WOS:000285142400003 ER PT J AU McBride, JH Stephenson, WJ McBride, EIP AF McBride, John H. Stephenson, William J. McBride, Eleanor I. Prussen TI Reanalysis of the COCORP Utah Line 1 deep seismic reflection profile: Toward an improved understanding of the Sevier Desert detachment question SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WEST-CENTRAL UTAH; ANGLE NORMAL FAULTS; RANGE PROVINCE; EASTERN BASIN; UNITED-STATES; CENOZOIC EXTENSION; REGIONAL STRUCTURE; KINEMATIC HISTORY; THRUST BELT; CANYON RANGE AB The Sevier Desert detachment (or "reflection," SDR), which underlies the Sevier Desert basin along the eastern margin of the USA Basin and Range, is commonly cited as a "type example" of a low-angle normal fault (LANF) in continental crust. We present the results of reanalyzing the SDR on the COCORP (Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling) deep seismic profile crossing the Sevier Desert basin (Utah Line 1). We employ a strategy of showing how shallow crustal velocity models, derived from first-break analysis of the shot records, may be used to reduce the effect of lateral velocity variations on imaging the SDR. Our results imply that the irregularities and discontinuities along the SDR are likely caused by overlying lateral velocity variations. The reprocessed versions of the section reveal a smoother, simpler, and more continuous SDR, lacking most of the apparent large offsets and structural variations on the currently available version of the profile. Seismic attribute and structural analyses of the reflection indicate significant variations along the profile, which are likely related in part to the field acquisition, but may also suggest lateral variations in the physical origin of the SDR. Such lateral variations may be consistent with previous studies that challenge the LANF interpretation of the SDR on the basis of attributing different origins to different parts of the reflector; however, a smoother and more continuous SDR points to a tectonically uniform origin and is thus interpreted to be more consistent with a LANF explanation. C1 [McBride, John H.; McBride, Eleanor I. Prussen] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Stephenson, William J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McBride, JH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, POB 24606, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM john_mcbride@byu.edu FU Landmark (Halliburton) University; Seismic Micro-Technology (The Kingdom Suite Trademark); National Science Foundation; National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge software grants to Brigham Young University from the Landmark (Halliburton) University Grant Program (Pro-MAX2D (TM)) and from Seismic Micro-Technology (The Kingdom Suite (TM)). J.H. McBride first presented preliminary results of this study on July 17, 2008, at the workshop "Testing the Extensional Detachment Paradigm: Scientific Drilling in the Sevier Desert Basin," which was sponsored by the National Science Foundation. He expresses appreciation to Nick Christie-Blick and the other organizers of the workshop for the invitation to participate and the insight gained into the controversy surrounding the interpretation of the Sevier Desert detachment. Funding from the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program contributed to this project. Reviews of a preliminary version of the paper by M. H. Anders and L.F. Hintze are much appreciated. Geosphere reviews by R. L. Bruhn, C. H. Jones, and R. A. Johnson are greatly appreciated, pointed out significant problems, and improved the final version of the paper. Internal reviews by the U. S. Geological Survey (J.J. Miller and R. A. Williams) were also beneficial. Much appreciation is expressed to Kris Vasudevan (University of Calgary), who applied the coherency filtering as shown in Figure 4B. Appreciation is expressed to E. H. Christiansen for sharing his insights on the geology of the Sevier Desert basin. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent a product endorsement of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 6 BP 840 EP 854 DI 10.1130/GES00546.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 692GX UT WOS:000285142400009 ER PT J AU Premo, WR Castineiras, P Wooden, JL AF Premo, Wayne R. Castineiras, Pedro Wooden, Joseph L. TI SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really Archean crust? REPLY SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Editorial Material ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; GEOCHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; CRATON C1 [Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Castineiras, Pedro] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dpt Petrol & Geoquim, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, SHRIMP RG Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Premo, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Castineiras, Pedro/L-2760-2014 OI Castineiras, Pedro/0000-0002-1835-3192 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 6 BP 966 EP 972 DI 10.1130/GES00592.1 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 692GX UT WOS:000285142400017 ER PT J AU Zhou, LJ Creech, DL Krauss, KW Yunlong, Y Kulhavy, DL AF Zhou, Lijing Creech, David L. Krauss, Ken W. Yunlong, Yin Kulhavy, David L. TI Can We Improve the Salinity Tolerance of Genotypes of Taxodium by Using Varietal and Hybrid Crosses? SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Taxodium distichum; baldcypress; Montezuma cypress; Taxodium distichum; 'Nanjing Beauty' (T 302); hybrid; salt tolerance; var. distichum; var. mexicanum ID SALT TOLERANCE; DISTICHUM SEEDLINGS; LOUISIANA USA; BALDCYPRESS; RESPONSES; CYPRESS; HALOPHYTES; GROWTH AB Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. var. distichum [baldcypress (BC)], Taxodium distichum var. mexicanum Gordon [Montezuma cypress (MC)], and a Taxodium hybrid (`Nanjing Beauty': BC x MC cross, T302) were evaluated for salt tolerance in 2006 at Nacogdoches, TX. Plants were irrigated weekly with four levels of salinity [0, 1, 3.5, and 6 ppt (0, 17, 60, and 102 mol center dot m(-3))] for 13 weeks and then 0, 2, 7, and 12 ppt (0, 34, 120, and 204 mol center dot m(-3)) for another 12 weeks. Salinity treatments did not have a significant effect on growth rate; however, there were significant differences in growth rate among the three genotypes. Genotype T302 produced the greatest wet weight, whereas MC had stronger apical dominance and exhibited the greatest increase in height over the course of study. As expected, sodium (Na) concentration in Taxodium leaves increased as sea salt concentrations increased but did not tilt Na/potassium (K) ratios to stressful disproportions. Of the three genotypes, BC exhibited the highest leaf content of Na, calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe); MC had the lowest leaf content of Na, Ca, S, and Fe; and T302 was intermediate. The benefits of using a hybrid cross (T302) that maintains greater biomass than BC or MC across a range of salinities must be weighed against the potential additional pruning and training necessary for cutting-grown clones relative to BC and MC propagated from seed and flood tolerance relative to BC. Still, combining the best characteristics of different varieties of T. distichum should facilitate the production of favorable genotypes tolerant to a number of soil physical and chemical property fluctuations for arboricultural operations. C1 [Zhou, Lijing; Creech, David L.; Kulhavy, David L.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Yunlong, Yin] Inst Bot Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. [Yunlong, Yin] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. RP Creech, DL (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM dcreech@sfasu.edu FU University Research Council; Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX FX This project was partially supported by a University Research Council award, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX (2006-2008). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1773 EP 1778 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 695LO UT WOS:000285371800002 ER PT J AU Wiley, MJ Hyndman, DW Pijanowski, BC Kendall, AD Riseng, C Rutherford, ES Cheng, ST Carlson, ML Tyler, JA Stevenson, RJ Steen, PJ Richards, PL Seelbach, PW Koches, JM Rediske, RR AF Wiley, M. J. Hyndman, D. W. Pijanowski, B. C. Kendall, A. D. Riseng, C. Rutherford, E. S. Cheng, S. T. Carlson, M. L. Tyler, J. A. Stevenson, R. J. Steen, P. J. Richards, P. L. Seelbach, P. W. Koches, J. M. Rediske, R. R. TI A multi-modeling approach to evaluating climate and land use change impacts in a Great Lakes River Basin SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Land use; Land cover; Rivers; Modeling; Fisheries; Salmon; Trout ID MICHIGANS LOWER PENINSULA; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; MANAGEMENT; STREAMS; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATIONS; SCENARIOS; ENSEMBLE AB River ecosystems are driven by linked physical, chemical, and biological subsystems, which operate over different temporal and spatial domains. This complexity increases uncertainty in ecological forecasts, and impedes preparation for the ecological consequences of climate change. We describe a recently developed "multi-modeling" system for ecological forecasting in a 7600 km(2) watershed in the North American Great Lakes Basin. Using a series of linked land cover, climate, hydrologic, hydraulic, thermal, loading, and biological response models, we examined how changes in both land cover and climate may interact to shape the habitat suitability of river segments for common sport fishes and alter patterns of biological integrity. In scenario-based modeling, both climate and land use change altered multiple ecosystem properties. Because water temperature has a controlling influence on species distributions, sport fishes were overall more sensitive to climate change than to land cover change. However, community-based biological integrity metrics were more sensitive to land use change than climate change; as were nutrient export rates. We discuss the implications of this result for regional preparations for climate change adaptation, and the extent to which the result may be constrained by our modeling methodology. C1 [Wiley, M. J.; Riseng, C.; Cheng, S. T.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hyndman, D. W.; Kendall, A. D.; Stevenson, R. J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pijanowski, B. C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rutherford, E. S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Carlson, M. L.; Seelbach, P. W.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Steen, P. J.] Huron River Watershed Council, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Tyler, J. A.] Fisheries Project Ltd, Farmington, CT USA. [Richards, P. L.] SUNY Coll Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. [Koches, J. M.; Rediske, R. R.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Ctr, Muskegon, MI USA. RP Wiley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mjwiley@umich.edu RI Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010; Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012; OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2001.71]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0233648]; USEPA [G2M104070] FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (2001.71), the National Science Foundation (EAR-0233648), and the USEPA STAR Program (G2M104070). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our granting agencies. Our sincere thanks to all of the many folks who contributed work in the field, on the computer, and in meetings; especially: Gary Noble (Muskegon Watershed Assembly), Richard O'Neal (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Julie Metty (Great Lakes Fishery Trust), Jack Bails (Great Lakes Fishery Trust), Matt Ladewig, Jonah Duckles, Deepak Ray, Shaw Lacy, Solomon David, Yu-Chun Koa, Lori Ivan, Beth Sparks-Jackson, Kyung Seo Park, and Kurt Thompson. NR 72 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 657 IS 1 BP 243 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0239-2 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 656IP UT WOS:000282323300017 ER PT J AU Knowles, L Katz, BG Toth, DJ AF Knowles, Leel, Jr. Katz, Brian G. Toth, David J. TI Using multiple chemical indicators to characterize and determine the age of groundwater from selected vents of the Silver Springs Group, central Florida, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater age; Groundwater flow; Radioactive isotopes; Dissolved gasses; USA ID NITRATE CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; FRESH-WATER; AQUIFER; NITROGEN; RECHARGE; TRITIUM; OXYGEN; HE-3 AB The Silver Springs Group, Florida (USA), forms the headwaters of the Silver River and supports a diverse ecosystem. The 30 headwater springs divide into five subgroups based on chemistry. Five selected spring vents were sampled in 2007 to better understand the contaminant sources and groundwater flow system. Elevated nitrate-N concentrations (> 0.8 mg/L) in the five spring vents likely originate from inorganic (fertilizers) and organic sources, based on nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate. Evidence for denitrification in the Lost River Boil spring includes enriched delta(15)N and delta(18)O, excess N(2) gas, and low dissolved O(2) concentrations (< 0.5 mg/L). Multiple age-tracer data (SF(6), (3)H, tritiogenic (3)He) for the two uppermost springs (Mammoth East and Mammoth West) indicate a binary mixture dominated by recent recharge water (mean age 6-7 years, and 87-97% young water). Tracer data for the three downstream spring vents (Lost River Boil, Catfish Hotel-1, and Catfish Conventional Hall-1) indicate exponential mixtures with mean ages of 26-35 years. Contamination from non-atmospheric sources of CFCs and SF(5)CF(3) precluded their use as age tracers here. Variations in chemistry were consistent with mean groundwater age, as nitrate-N and dissolved O(2) concentrations were higher in younger waters, and the Ca/Mg ratio decreased with increasing mean age. C1 [Knowles, Leel, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Katz, Brian G.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Toth, David J.] St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. RP Knowles, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM lknowles@usgs.gov; bkatz@usgs.gov; dtoth@sjrwmd.com FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection FX The authors would like to thank Jerry Casile (USGS, Reston, Virginia) for his assistance in collecting samples and analyzing dissolved gas tracers. The authors are grateful to Brian McGurk (SJRWMD, Palatka, Florida) and Hal Davis (USGS, Tallahassee, Florida) for their helpful reviews and comments. Thanks also are extended to Robert Lamont of the Silver Springs State Park and Terry Turner of the Silver Springs attraction for granting us access to the park and permission to sample the springs. Finally, the authors would like to thank the Florida Department of Environmental Protection for funding this study. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1825 EP 1838 DI 10.1007/s10040-010-0669-y PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 685BO UT WOS:000284599200006 ER PT J AU Kasper, JW Denver, JM McKenna, TE Ullman, WJ AF Kasper, Joshua W. Denver, Judith M. McKenna, Thomas E. Ullman, William J. TI Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater recharge and discharge on the source area and source volume of an Atlantic Coastal Plain stream, Delaware, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical modeling; Groundwater/surface-water relations; Source area; Source volume; USA ID SMALL DRAINAGE BASINS; WATER; FLOW; DELINEATION; AGE AB A numerical groundwater-flow model was used to characterize the source area and volume of Phillips Branch, a baseflow-dominated stream incising a highly permeable unconfined aquifer on the low relief Delmarva Peninsula, USA. Particle-tracking analyses indicate that the source area (5.51 km(2)) is similar to 20% smaller than the topographically defined watershed (6.85 km(2)), and recharge entering similar to 37% of the surface watershed does not discharge to Phillips Branch. Groundwater residence time within the source volume ranges from a few days to almost 100 years, with 95% of the volume "flushing" within 50 years. Artificial discharge from groundwater pumping alters the shape of the source area and reduces baseflow due to the interception of stream flow paths, but has limited impacts on the residence time of groundwater discharged as baseflow. In contrast, artificial recharge from land-based wastewater disposal substantially reduces the source area, lowers the range in residence time due to the elimination of older flow paths to the stream, and leads to increased discharge to adjacent surface-water bodies. This research suggests that, in this and similar hydrogeologic settings, the "watershed" approach to water-resource management may be limited, particularly where anthropogenic stresses alter the transport of soluble contaminants through highly permeable unconfined aquifers. C1 [Kasper, Joshua W.] Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Denver, Judith M.] US Geol Survey, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [McKenna, Thomas E.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Geol Survey, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ullman, William J.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Kasper, JW (reprint author), Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, 89 Kings Highway, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM joshua.kasper@state.de.us; jmdenver@usgs.gov; mckennat@udel.edu; ullman@udel.edu FU Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC); Delaware Geological Survey (DGS); US Geological Survey (USGS); Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Delaware FX The authors acknowledge the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC), Delaware Geological Survey (DGS), US Geological Survey (USGS), and Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Delaware for providing data and financial and in kind support to J.W. Kasper, while a graduate student. A. S. Andres (DGS), S. W. Ator (USGS), and S. C. Cooper (USGS) are gratefully acknowledged for reviewing the draft manuscript and providing valuable suggestions for its improvement. Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that greatly improved the final manuscript. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1855 EP 1866 DI 10.1007/s10040-010-0641-x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 685BO UT WOS:000284599200008 ER PT J AU Moench, AF AF Moench, Allen F. TI Comment on "Analysis of pumping test data for determining unconfined aquifer parameters: Composite analysis or not?": paper published in Hydrogeology Journal (2009) 17:1133-1147, by Hund-Der Yeh and Yen-Chen Huang SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Groundwater hydraulics; Unconfined aquifer; Hydraulic testing; Composite analysis; USA ID FLOW C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moench, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afmoench@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1975 EP 1977 DI 10.1007/s10040-010-0660-7 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 685BO UT WOS:000284599200017 ER PT J AU Song, WZ Shirazi, B Huang, RJ Xu, MS Peterson, N LaHusen, R Pallister, J Dzurisin, D Moran, S Lisowski, M Kedar, S Chien, S Webb, F Kiely, A Doubleday, J Davies, A Pieri, D AF Song, Wen-Zhan Shirazi, Behrooz Huang, Renjie Xu, Mingsen Peterson, Nina LaHusen, Rick Pallister, John Dzurisin, Dan Moran, Seth Lisowski, Mike Kedar, Sharon Chien, Steve Webb, Frank Kiely, Aaron Doubleday, Joshua Davies, Ashley Pieri, David TI Optimized Autonomous Space In-Situ Sensor Web for Volcano Monitoring SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE In-situ sensor web; volcano monitoring; wireless sensor network AB In response to NASA's announced requirement for Earth hazard monitoring sensor-web technology, a multidisciplinary team involving sensor-network experts (Washington State University), space scientists (JPL), and Earth scientists (USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory (CVO)), have developed a prototype of dynamic and scalable hazard monitoring sensor-web and applied it to volcano monitoring. The combined Optimized Autonomous Space -In-situ Sensor-web (OASIS) has two-way communication capability between ground and space assets, uses both space and ground data for optimal allocation of limited bandwidth resources on the ground, and uses smart management of competing demands for limited space assets. It also enables scalability and seamless infusion of future space and in-situ assets into the sensor-web. The space and in-situ control components of the system are integrated such that each element is capable of autonomously tasking the other. The ground in-situ was deployed into the craters and around the flanks of Mount St. Helens in July 2009, and linked to the command and control of the Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite. C1 [Song, Wen-Zhan; Shirazi, Behrooz; Huang, Renjie; Xu, Mingsen; Peterson, Nina] Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [LaHusen, Rick; Pallister, John; Dzurisin, Dan; Moran, Seth; Lisowski, Mike] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Kedar, Sharon; Chien, Steve; Webb, Frank; Kiely, Aaron; Doubleday, Joshua; Davies, Ashley; Pieri, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, San Marino, CA 91108 USA. RP Song, WZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM songwz@wsu.edu; shirazi@wsu.edu; renjie_huang@wsu.edu; mingsen_xu@wsu.edu; npicone@wsu.edu; rlahusen@usgs.gov; jpallist@usgs.gov; dzurisin@usgs.gov; smoran@usgs.gov; mlisowski@usgs.gov; sharon.kedar@jpl.nasa.gov; steve.chien@jpl.nasa.gov; frank.webb@jpl.nasa.gov; aaron.b.kiely@jpl.nasa.gov; jdou-bled@jpl.nasa.gov; ashley.davies@jpl.nasa.gov; david.pieri@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA ESTO AIST; USGS [NNX06AE42G] FX This work was supported by NASA ESTO AIST program and USGS Volcano Hazard program under the research grant NNX06AE42G. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2066549 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 695GN UT WOS:000285358700015 ER PT J AU Xu, XL Liang, D Tsang, L Andreadis, KM Josberger, EG Lettenmaier, DP Cline, DW Yueh, SH AF Xu, Xiaolan Liang, Ding Tsang, Leung Andreadis, Konstantinos M. Josberger, Edward G. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Cline, Donald W. Yueh, Simon H. TI Active Remote Sensing of Snow Using NMM3D/DMRT and Comparison With CLPX II Airborne Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE CLPX; dense media radiative transfer; numerical Maxwell model; QCA; snow; VIC ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER THEORY; SIMULATIONS; EXTINCTION; SCATTERING; MODEL AB We applied the Numerical Maxwell Model of three-dimensional simulations (NMM3D) in the Dense Media Radiative Theory (DMRT) to calculate backscattering coefficients. The particles' positions are computer-generated and the subsequent Foldy-Lax equations solved numerically. The phase matrix in NMM3D has significant cross-polarization, particularly when the particles are densely packed. The NMM3D model is combined with DMRT in calculating the microwave scattering by dry snow. The NMM3D/DMRT equations are solved by an iterative solution up to the second order in the case of small to moderate optical thickness. The numerical results of NMM3D/DMRT are illustrated and compared with QCA/DMRT. The QCA/DMRT and NMM3D/DMRT results are also applied to compare with data from two specific datasets from the second Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX II) in Alaska and Colorado. The data are obtained at the Ku-band (13.95 GHz) observations using airborne imaging polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT). It is shown that the model predictions agree with the field measurements for both co-polarization and cross-polarization. For the Alaska region, the average snow depth and snow density are used as the inputs for DMRT. The grain size, selected from within the range of the ground measurements, is used as a best-fit parameter within the range. For the Colorado region, we use the Variable Infiltration Capacity Model (VIC) to obtain the input snow profiles for NMM3D/DMRT. C1 [Xu, Xiaolan; Liang, Ding; Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Andreadis, Konstantinos M.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Josberger, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Cline, Donald W.] NOAA, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. [Yueh, Simon H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Xu, XL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xlxu@uw.edu RI Liang, Ding/F-7460-2012; Liang, Ding/K-6959-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 689 EP 697 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2053919 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 695GA UT WOS:000285357400012 ER PT J AU Kiemnec-Tyburczy, KM Richmond, JQ Savage, AE Zamudio, KR AF Kiemnec-Tyburczy, Karen M. Richmond, Jonathan Q. Savage, Anna E. Zamudio, Kelly R. TI Selection, trans-species polymorphism, and locus identification of major histocompatibility complex class II beta alleles of New World ranid frogs SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Amphibia; Beta chain; Gene walking; Lithobates; Positive selection; Rana ID MHC CLASS-II; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AMPHIBIAN XENOPUS; BALANCING SELECTION; POSITIVE SELECTION; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENE; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; RECOMBINATION; RESISTANCE AB Genes encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play key roles in the vertebrate immune system. However, our understanding of the evolutionary processes and underlying genetic mechanisms shaping these genes is limited in many taxa, including amphibians, a group currently impacted by emerging infectious diseases. To further elucidate the evolution of the MHC in frogs (anurans) and develop tools for population genetics, we surveyed allelic diversity of the MHC class II beta 1 domain in both genomic and complementary DNA of seven New World species in the genus Rana (Lithobates). To assign locus affiliation to our alleles, we used a "gene walking" technique to obtain intron 2 sequences that flanked MHC class II beta exon 2. Two distinct intron sequences were recovered, suggesting the presence of at least two class II beta loci in Rana. We designed a primer pair that successfully amplified an orthologous locus from all seven Rana species. In total, we recovered 13 alleles and documented trans-species polymorphism for four of the alleles. We also found quantitative evidence of selection acting on amino acid residues that are putatively involved in peptide binding and structural stability of the beta 1 domain of anurans. Our results indicated that primer mismatch can result in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) bias, which influences the number of alleles that are recovered. Using a single locus may minimize PCR bias caused by primer mismatch, and the gene walking technique was an effective approach for generating single-copy orthologous markers necessary for future studies of MHC allelic variation in natural amphibian populations. C1 [Kiemnec-Tyburczy, Karen M.; Savage, Anna E.; Zamudio, Kelly R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Richmond, Jonathan Q.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Kiemnec-Tyburczy, KM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, E145 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kmk255@cornell.edu RI Savage, Anna/A-7713-2012; Savage, Anna/D-8296-2015; Zamudio, Kelly/R-3533-2016 OI Savage, Anna/0000-0002-4917-8358; Savage, Anna/0000-0002-4917-8358; Zamudio, Kelly/0000-0001-5107-6206 FU Population and Evolutionary Process National Science Foundation [DEB-0815315, DEB-0909013] FX We thank J. D. Austin and E. Rittmeyer for assistance with specimen collection. This study was supported by Population and Evolutionary Process National Science Foundation Grants DEB-0815315 (to KRZ) and DEB-0909013 (to KRZ and AES). Members of the Zamudio laboratory group made helpful comments on the earlier versions of this manuscript. The core facilities at Cornell University (Evolutionary Genetics Core Facility and Life Sciences Core Laboratories) provided the infrastructure for data collection. NR 65 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 62 IS 11-12 BP 741 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s00251-010-0476-6 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 678YW UT WOS:000284120700004 PM 20844870 ER PT J AU Mendonca, JG Araujo, CV Borrego, AG Cook, A Flores, D Hackley, P Hower, JC Kern, ML Kommeren, K Kus, J Mastalerz, M Mendonca, JO Menezes, TR Newman, J Ranasinghe, P Souza, IVAF Suarez-Ruiz, I Ujiie, Y AF Mendonca Filho, J. G. Araujo, C. V. Borrego, A. G. Cook, A. Flores, D. Hackley, P. Hower, J. C. Kern, M. L. Kommeren, K. Kus, J. Mastalerz, M. Mendonca, J. O. Menezes, T. R. Newman, J. Ranasinghe, P. Souza, I. V. A. F. Suarez-Ruiz, I. Ujiie, Y. TI Effect of concentration of dispersed organic matter on optical maturity parameters: Interlaboratory results of the organic matter concentration working group of the ICCP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Meeting of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP)/26th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY SEP 19-26, 2009 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP Soc Organic Petrol DE Dispersed organic matter; Isolation of organic matter; Vitrinite reflectance; Spectral fluorescence; Kerogen concentrate ID VITRINITE REFLECTANCE AB The main objective of this work was to study the effect of the kerogen isolation procedures on maturity parameters of organic matter using optical microscopes. This work represents the results of the Organic Matter Concentration Working Group (OMCWG) of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) during the years 2008 and 2009. Four samples have been analysed covering a range of maturity (low and moderate) and terrestrial and marine geological settings. The analyses comprise random vitrinite reflectance measured on both kerogen concentrate and whole rock mounts and fluorescence spectra taken on alginite. Eighteen participants from twelve laboratories from all over the world performed the analyses. Samples of continental settings contained enough vitrinite for participants to record around 50 measurements whereas fewer readings were taken on samples from marine setting. The scatter of results was also larger in the samples of marine origin. Similar vitrinite reflectance values were in general recorded in the whole rock and in the kerogen concentrate. The small deviations of the trend cannot be attributed to the acid treatment involved in kerogen isolation but to reasons related to components identification or to the difficulty to achieve a good polish of samples with high mineral matter content. In samples difficult to polish, vitrinite reflectance was measured on whole rock tended to be lower. The presence or absence of rock fabric affected the selection of the vitrinite population for measurement and this also had an influence in the average value reported and in the scatter of the results. Slightly lower standard deviations were reported for the analyses run on kerogen concentrates. Considering the spectral fluorescence results, it was observed that the lambda max presents a shift to higher wavelengths in the kerogen concentrate sample in comparison to the whole-rock sample, thus revealing an influence of preparation methods (acid treatment) on fluorescence properties. (C) 2010 International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mendonca Filho, J. G.; Kern, M. L.; Mendonca, J. O.] UFRJ, Palynofacies & Organ Facies Lab LAFO, DEGL, IGEO, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Araujo, C. V.; Menezes, T. R.; Souza, I. V. A. F.] Petrobras R&D Ctr, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Borrego, A. G.; Suarez-Ruiz, I.] CSIC, Inst Nacl Carbon, Oviedo 33011, Spain. [Cook, A.; Ranasinghe, P.] Keiraville Konsultants Pty Ltd, Keiraville, NSW 2500, Australia. [Flores, D.] Univ Porto, Dept Geol, Fac Ciencias Porto, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Hackley, P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hower, J. C.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Kommeren, K.] Shell Int Explorat & Prod BV, NL-2288 GS Rijswijk, Netherlands. [Kus, J.] Geozentrum Hannover, Germany Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Mastalerz, M.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Newman, J.] Newman Energy Res Ltd, Christchurch 8025, New Zealand. [Ujiie, Y.] Hirosaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. RP Mendonca, JG (reprint author), UFRJ, Palynofacies & Organ Facies Lab LAFO, DEGL, IGEO, Av Athos de Silveira,274 Predio CCMN,Solo JI020,C, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM graciano@geologia.ufrj.br RI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/C-2098-2013; Flores, Deolinda Flores/N-9901-2013; Borrego, Angeles/B-7094-2015; OI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/0000-0001-8997-0270; Flores, Deolinda Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831; Borrego, Angeles/0000-0001-9021-7358; Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 84 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2010.07.005 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 709BK UT WOS:000286410000002 ER PT J AU Andvik, RT VanDeHey, JA Fincel, MJ French, WE Bertrand, KN Chipps, SR Klumb, RA Graeb, BDS AF Andvik, R. T. VanDeHey, J. A. Fincel, M. J. French, W. E. Bertrand, K. N. Chipps, S. R. Klumb, R. A. Graeb, B. D. S. TI Application of non-lethal stable isotope analysis to assess feeding patterns of juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus: a comparison of tissue types and sample preservation methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MISSOURI RIVER; SOUTH-DAKOTA; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; CARBON; SIGNATURES; DIET; TERM; ANIMALS AB Traditional techniques for stable isotope analysis (SIA) generally require sacrificing animals to collect tissue samples; this can be problematic when studying diets of endangered species such as the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus. Our objectives were to (i) determine if pectoral fin tissue (non-lethal) could be a substitute for muscle tissue (lethal) in SIA of juvenile pallid sturgeon, and (ii) evaluate the influence of preservation techniques on stable isotope values. In the laboratory, individual juvenile pallid sturgeon were held for up to 186 day and fed chironomids, fish, or a commercially available pellet diet. Significant, positive relationships (r(2) >= 0.8) were observed between fin and muscle tissues for both delta N-15 and delta C-13; in all samples isotopes were enriched in fins compared to muscle tissue. Chironomid and fish based diets of juvenile pallid sturgeon were distinguishable for fast growing fish (0.3 mm day(-1)) using stable delta N-15 and delta C-13 isotopes. Frozen and preserved fin tissue delta N-15 isotopes were strongly related (r(2) = 0.89) but delta C-13 isotopes were weakly related (r(2) = 0.16). Therefore, freezing is recommended for preservation of fin clips to avoid the confounding effect of enrichment by ethanol. This study demonstrates the utility of a non-lethal technique to assess time integrated food habits of juvenile pallid sturgeon and should be applicable to other threatened or endangered species. C1 [VanDeHey, J. A.; Fincel, M. J.; Chipps, S. R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klumb, R. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD USA. RP VanDeHey, JA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM justin.vandehey@sdstate.edu RI Bertrand, Katie/A-5902-2012 OI Bertrand, Katie/0000-0001-8453-6758 FU South Dakota State University; US Army Corps of Engineers [MIPR-W59XQG71453549] FX We thank A. Wuestewald, B. Galster, and T. Bacula, for help processing samples and the Cornell Isotope Laboratory for isotopic analysis. Matt Toner at the USFWS Bozeman Fish Technology Center provided the pallid sturgeon for the preservation study. Thanks to Dave Willis, Brian Sloss and Melissa Wuellner for helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the South Dakota State University Research and Scholarship Fund and the US Army Corps of Engineers (Project No. MIPR-W59XQG71453549). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 831 EP 835 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01527.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 679OU UT WOS:000284171500001 ER PT J AU Bowker, JD Ostland, VE Carty, D Bowman, MP AF Bowker, James D. Ostland, Vaughn E. Carty, Daniel Bowman, Molly P. TI Effectiveness of Aquaflor (50% Florfenicol) to Control Mortality Associated with Streptococcus iniae in Freshwater-Reared Subadult Sunshine Bass SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ORALLY-ADMINISTERED FLORFENICOL; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HYBRID-STRIPED-BASS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CHANNEL CATFISH; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; LABORATORY EFFICACY; ATLANTIC SALMON AB We conducted a field trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Aquaflor (50% florfenicol) for controlling mortality associated with Streptococcus iniae in freshwater-reared subadult sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops X male striped bass M. saxatilis). Bacterial samples collected from moribund fish representing a reference population were presumptively identified microbiologically and were later confirmed to be S. iniae by biochemical characterization and polymerase chain reaction. The trial comprised a 1-d acclimation period, 10-d treatment period, and 14-d posttreatment period. During the treatment period, Aquaflor-medicated feed was administered to treated tanks (N = 3) at a target dose of 10 mg of florfenicol . kg of fish(-1).d(-1), and nonmedicated feed was administered to control tanks (N = 3). At the end of the posttreatment period, mean (+/- SD) cumulative mortality in treated tanks (9 6 +/- 11%) was significantly (P = 0.040) less than that in control tanks (52 +/- 13%). Analysis of medicated feed samples revealed that treated tanks had received an actual dose of 8.3 mg florfenicol . kg fish(-1) . d(-1) (83% of target). No florfenicol was detected in control feed samples. Although the actual florfenicol dose administered to treated tanks was less than the target dose, the trial was accepted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine as demonstrating the efficacy of Aquaflor to control mortality associated with S. iniae in cultured sunshine bass populations. C1 [Bowker, James D.; Carty, Daniel; Bowman, Molly P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Ostland, Vaughn E.] Kent SeaTech Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Bowker, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jim_bowker@fws.gov NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 254 EP 265 DI 10.1577/H09-010.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 703PN UT WOS:000285991400007 PM 21413510 ER PT J AU Archdeacon, TP Iles, A Kline, SJ Bonar, SA AF Archdeacon, Thomas P. Iles, Alison Kline, S. Jason Bonar, Scott A. TI Asian Fish Tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in the Desert Southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; HELMINTH-PARASITES; HOST RECORDS; VIRGIN-RIVER; ARIZONA; PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA; INFECTION; CESTODA AB The Asian fish tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) is an introduced fish parasite in the southwestern United States and is often considered a serious threat to native desert fishes. Determining the geographic distribution of nonnative fish parasites is important for recovery efforts of native fishes. We examined 1,140 individuals belonging to nine fish species from southwestern U. S. streams and springs between January 2005 and April 2007. The Asian fish tapeworm was present in the Gila River, Salt River, Verde River, San Pedro River, Aravaipa Creek, and Fossil Creek, Arizona, and in Lake Tuendae at Zzyzx Springs and Afton Canyon of the Mojave River, California. Overall prevalence of the Asian fish tapeworm in Arizona fish populations was 19% (range = 0-100%) and varied by location, time, and fish species. In California, the prevalence, abundance, and intensity of the Asian fish tapeworm in Mohave tui chub Gila bicolor mohavensis were higher during warmer months than during cooler months. Three new definitive host species-Yaqui chub G. purpurea, headwater chub G. nigra, and longfin dace Agosia chrysogaster-were identified. Widespread occurrence of the Asian fish tapeworm in southwestern U. S. waters suggests that the lack of detection in other systems where nonnative fishes occur is due to a lack of effort as opposed to true absence of the parasite. To limit further spread of diseases to small, isolated systems, we recommend treatment for both endo- and exoparasites when management actions include translocation of fishes. C1 [Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Iles, Alison; Kline, S. Jason; Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Archdeacon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 3800 Commons Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM thomas_archdeacon@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank A. Choudhury for assistance with identification of the Asian fish tapeworm; A. Francis, S. Tackley, and D. Ward for laboratory and field assistance; E. Sontz for assistance with Aravaipa Creek and Fossil Creek fishes; and W. Radke for information on fishes at San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge. S. Davenport, T. Austring, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments to improve the manuscript. This project was partially funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1577/H09-009.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 703PN UT WOS:000285991400009 PM 21413512 ER PT J AU Pollard-Wright, HM Wright, MT Warren, JM AF Pollard-Wright, Holly M. Wright, Mark T. Warren, Jeffrey M. TI Use of a Portable Tower and Remote-controlled Launcher to Improve Physical Conditioning in a Rehabilitating Wild Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE wildlife rehabilitation; lactate; body condition index (BCI); reconditioning; avian; mallard; Anas platyrhynchos ID FEEDING ECOLOGY; AGE AB Prerelease reconditioning improves the chance of survival of rehabilitating raptors. Reconditioning may also help to rehabilitate waterfowl, including those that are threatened or endangered, especially if the birds are released during periods of migration. A flying harness, creance, remote-controlled launcher, and portable tower were used to create a means of reconditioning a rehabilitating 5-month-old female wild mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) that had been housed in a rehabilitation center for 7 weeks while recovering from an injury. Pre- and postflight serum lactate levels, body condition index scores, and controlled flight distances were used to assess the bird's degree of conditioning. Postflight serum lactate levels never returned to preflight levels and were not deemed a reliable indicator of physical fitness. However, the mallard showed an increase in endurance and strength as well as improved body condition index scores over the course of the reconditioning program. C1 [Pollard-Wright, Holly M.] VCA Associates Pet Care, Waukesha, WI 53189 USA. [Wright, Mark T.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lima, MT 59739 USA. RP Pollard-Wright, HM (reprint author), VCA Associates Pet Care, 918 W Sunset Dr, Waukesha, WI 53189 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1647/2009-050.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 776GY UT WOS:000291523700006 PM 21302761 ER PT J AU Li, MS Mao, LJ Zhou, CG Vogelmann, JE Zhu, ZL AF Li, Mingshi Mao, Lijun Zhou, Chunguo Vogelmann, James E. Zhu, Zhiliang TI Comparing forest fragmentation and its drivers in China and the USA with Globcover v2.2 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE China; USA; Forest fragmentation; Sliding window analysis; Landscape index; Driving forces ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PENINSULAR MALAYSIA; PATTERNS; LANDSCAPE; DEFORESTATION; CONSEQUENCES; RESTORATION; SELANGOR; MEXICO; AREAS AB Forest loss and fragmentation are of major concern to the international community, in large part because they impact so many important environmental processes. The main objective of this study was to assess the differences in forest fragmentation patterns and drivers between China and the conterminous United States (USA). Using the latest 300-m resolution global land cover product, Globcover v2.2, a comparative analysis of forest fragmentation patterns and drivers was made. The fragmentation patterns were characterized by using a forest fragmentation model built on the sliding window analysis technique in association with landscape indices. Results showed that China's forests were substantially more fragmented than those of the USA. This was evidenced by a large difference in the amount of interior forest area share, with China having 48% interior forest versus the 66% for the USA. China's forest fragmentation was primarily attributed to anthropogenic disturbances, driven particularly by agricultural expansion from an increasing and large population, as well as poor forest management practices. In contrast, USA forests were principally fragmented by natural land cover types. However, USA urban sprawl contributed more to forest fragmentation than in China. This is closely tied to the USA's economy, lifestyle and institutional processes. Fragmentation maps were generated from this study, which provide valuable insights and implications regarding habitat planning for rare and endangered species. Such maps enable development of strategic plans for sustainable forest management by identifying areas with high amounts of human-induced fragmentation, which improve risk assessments and enable better targeting for protection and remediation efforts. Because forest fragmentation is a long-term, complex process that is highly related to political, institutional, economic and philosophical arenas, both nations need to take effective and comprehensive measures to mitigate the negative effects of forest loss and fragmentation on the existing forest ecosystems. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Mingshi; Mao, Lijun; Zhou, Chunguo] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China. [Vogelmann, James E.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Li, MS (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Longpan Rd 159, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China. EM nfulms@yahoo.com.cn OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU National Research Council (NRC) at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) center; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972297]; Scientific Research Foundation for the returned overseas Chinese scholars [G2009-06]; Nanjing Forestry University, China FX The initial thoughts for performing this comparative analysis were conceived after several round discussions with Chandra Giri and Xuexia (Sherry) Chen, while the lead author held a National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral award at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) center. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 30972297) and the funding from the Scientific Research Foundation for the returned overseas Chinese scholars (G2009-06), sponsored by Nanjing Forestry University, China. Our grateful thanks are due to the ESA Globcover Project, led by MEDIAS-France for free provision of the Globcover products, which enabled us to carry out this comparative analysis between China and the USA. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 2572 EP 2580 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663YN UT WOS:000282926200020 PM 20702027 ER PT J AU Wilson, A Brittingham, M Grove, G AF Wilson, Andrew Brittingham, Margaret Grove, Greg TI Association of wintering raptors with Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program grasslands in Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Kestrel; conservation grassland; CREP; CRP; Northern Harrier; population trends; raptor ID POPULATION-CHANGE; CERULEAN WARBLERS; COUNT DATA; MODEL; ABUNDANCE; BENEFITS; WILDLIFE; BIRDS AB Conservation grasslands can provide valuable habitat resource for breeding songbirds, but their value for wintering raptors has received little attention. We hypothesized that increased availability of grassland habitat through the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) has resulted in an increase or redistribution in numbers of four species of raptors in Pennsylvania since 2001. We tested this by analyzing winter raptor counts from volunteer surveys, conducted from 2001 to 2008, for Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus), Northern Harriers (Circus cyaneus), and American Kestrels (Falco sparverius). During that period, numbers of wintering Northern Harriers increased by more than 20% per year. Log-linear Poisson regression models show that all four species increased in the region of Pennsylvania that had the most and longest-established conservation grasslands. At the county scale (N = 67), Bayesian spatial models showed that spatial and temporal population trends of all four species were positively correlated with the amount of conservation grassland. This relationship was particularly strong for Northern Harriers, with numbers predicted to increase by 35.7% per year for each additional 1% of farmland enrolled in CREP. Our results suggest that conservation grasslands are likely the primary cause of the increase in numbers of wintering Northern Harriers in Pennsylvania since 2001. C1 [Wilson, Andrew] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Grove, Greg] Penn State Univ, Chandlee Lab 407, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wilson, A (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM amwilson@usgs.gov FU Pennsylvania Game Commission; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology (PSU); School of Forest Resources (PSU) FX First and foremost, we thank the more than 200 volunteers who conducted WRSs in Pennsylvania. Without their dedication and hard work, our study would not have been feasible. We are indebted A. Wilson's thesis committee, D. Diefenbach, M. Haran, and W. Tzilkowski, for their encouragement and advice. W. Thogmartin provided statistical advice. Funding was provided by the Pennsylvania Game Commission, Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology (PSU) and School of Forest Resources (PSU). The editors and two anonymous reviewers provided many useful suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2010.00292.x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 687JI UT WOS:000284774400004 ER PT J AU Mather, ME Finn, JT Pautzke, SM Fox, D Savoy, T Brundage, HM Deegan, LA Muth, RM AF Mather, M. E. Finn, J. T. Pautzke, S. M. Fox, D. Savoy, T. Brundage, H. M., III Deegan, L. A. Muth, R. M. TI Diversity in destinations, routes and timing of small adult and sub-adult striped bass Morone saxatilis on their southward autumn migration SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal migration; contingent; Morone saxatilis; overwinter ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; FIDELITY; CONTINGENT; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS AB Almost three-quarters of the 46 young adult and sub-adult striped bass Morone saxatilis that were acoustically tagged in Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts, U.S.A., in the summer of 2006 were detected in one or more southern coastal arrays during their autumn migration. On the basis of the trajectories along which these M. saxatilis moved from feeding to overwintering areas, three migratory groups emerged. After leaving Plum Island Estuary, about half of the fish were detected only in a mid-latitude array, Long Island Sound. The other half of the tagged fish were detected during autumn and winter in a more southern array, the Delaware Estuary. This latter group of fish may have used two routes. Some travelled to the Delaware Estuary through Long Island Sound while other fish may have taken a second, more direct, coastal route that did not include Long Island Sound. Consequently, a seemingly homogeneous group of fish tagged at the same time in the same non-natal feeding location exhibited a diversity of southward movement patterns that could affect population-level processes. These three groups that differed in overwintering location and migration route could be movement contingents with migratory connectivity. C1 [Mather, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mather, M. E.; Finn, J. T.; Muth, R. M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Fox, D.] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Savoy, T.] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Old Lyme, CT 06371 USA. [Brundage, H. M., III] Environm Res & Consulting Inc, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Deegan, L. A.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mather@eco.umass.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 77 IS 10 BP 2326 EP 2337 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02811.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 693TZ UT WOS:000285249600010 PM 21155786 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Ross, RM McCullough, RD Mathers, A AF Johnson, James H. Ross, Robert M. McCullough, Russell D. Mathers, Alastair TI A Comparative Analysis of Double-Crested Cormorant Diets from Stomachs and Pellets from Two Lake Ontario Colonies SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) diets were compared with evidence from the stomachs of shot birds and from regurgitated pellets at High Bluff Island and Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario. The highest similarity in diets determined by stomach and pellet analyses occurred when both samples were collected on the same day. Diet overlap dropped substantially between the two methods when collection periods were seven to ten days apart, which suggested differences in prey availability between the two periods. Since the average number of fish recovered in pellets was significantly higher than that in stomachs, use of pellets to determine fish consumption of double-crested cormorants may be more valid than stomach analysis because pellet content represent an integrated sampling of food consumed over approximately 24 hours. C1 [Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Ross, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [McCullough, Russell D.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. [Mathers, Alastair] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664417 PG 4 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 680OA UT WOS:000284243100020 ER PT J AU Biggs, J Lu, Z Fournier, T Freymueller, JT AF Biggs, Juliet Lu, Zhong Fournier, Tom Freymueller, Jeffrey T. TI Magma flux at Okmok Volcano, Alaska, from a joint inversion of continuous GPS, campaign GPS, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE MOTION; 1997 ERUPTION; DENALI FAULT; HALF-SPACE; DEFORMATION; TOPOGRAPHY; EARTHQUAKE; INSAR; FIELD AB Volcano deformation is usually measured using satellite geodetic techniques including interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), campaign GPS, and continuous GPS. Differences in the spatial and temporal sampling of each system mean that most appropriate inversion scheme to determine the source parameters from each data set is different. Most studies either compare results from independent inversions or subsample the data sets to the lowest common factor. It is unclear whether differences in the solution reflect differences in source behavior, differences in measurement bias, or differences in inversion technique. Here we develop a single inversion procedure that captures the benefits of each system, especially the daily sampling of continuous GPS and the high spatial resolution of InSAR. Okmok Volcano, Alaska, is an ideal target for such a test because a long series (<15 years) of InSAR and continuous GPS measurement exists and the source is almost continuously active and in a stable location. C1 [Biggs, Juliet] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lu, Zhong] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Fournier, Tom] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Biggs, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. EM juliet.biggs@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Fournier, Thomas/A-9269-2008; Biggs, Juliet/D-4599-2011; NCEO, COMET+`/A-3443-2013; OI Biggs, Juliet/0000-0002-4855-039X; Fournier, Thierry/0000-0002-7515-339X FU University of Miami; English Speaking Union; Alaska Volcano Observatory; State of Alaska; Federal Aviation Administration; NASA [2005-0021]; USGS FX J.B. was supported by a Rosenstiel Postdoctoral Fellowship from the University of Miami and a Lindemann Fellowship from the English Speaking Union and would like to thank staff at the Cascades Volcano Observatory for a pleasant and informative visit. GPS surveys at Okmok were supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (a joint venture of the University of Alaska, U.S. Geological Survey, and Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys) as part of the Volcano Hazards Program, with additional funds by the State of Alaska and by the Federal Aviation Administration. Z.L. was supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interiors grant 2005-0021 and USGS Volcano Hazards Program. J.F. was supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory, under funding by USGS. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12401 DI 10.1029/2010JB007577 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QX UT WOS:000285020400004 ER PT J AU Turner, S Sandiford, M Reagan, M Hawkesworth, C Hildreth, W AF Turner, Simon Sandiford, Mike Reagan, Mark Hawkesworth, Chris Hildreth, Wes TI Origins of large-volume, compositionally zoned volcanic eruptions: New constraints from U-series isotopes and numerical thermal modeling for the 1912 Katmai-Novarupta eruption SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SILICIC MAGMA CHAMBERS; LONG RESIDENCE TIMES; ALASKA-ALEUTIAN ARC; 10 THOUSAND SMOKES; TRACE-ELEMENT; RHYOLITIC MAGMA; BISHOP-TUFF; PRECALDERA LAVAS; GLASS MOUNTAIN; NATIONAL-PARK AB We present the results of a combined U-series isotope and numerical modeling study of the 1912 Katmai-Novarupta eruption in Alaska. A stratigraphically constrained set of samples have compositions that range from basalt through basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite. The major and trace element range can be modeled by 80-90% closed-system crystal fractionation over a temperature interval from 1279 degrees C to 719 degrees C at 100 MPa, with an implied volume of parental basalt of similar to 65 km(3). Numerical models suggest, for wall rock temperatures appropriate to this depth, that 90% of this volume of magma would cool and crystallize over this temperature interval within a few tens of kiloyears. However, the range in Sr-87/Sr-86, (Th-230/U-238), and (Ra-226/Th-230) requires open-system processes. Assimilation of the host sediments can replicate the range of Sr isotopes. The variation of (Ra-226/Th-230) ratios in the basalt to andesite compositional range requires that these were generated less than several thousand years before eruption. Residence times for dacites are close to 8000 years, whereas the rhyolites appear to be 50-200 kyr old. Thus, the magmas that erupted within only 60 h had a wide range of crustal residence times. Nevertheless, they were emplaced in the same thermal regime and evolved along similar liquid lines of descent from parental magmas with similar compositions. The system was built progressively with multiple inputs providing both mass and heat, some of which led to thawing of older silicic material that provided much of the rhyolite. C1 [Turner, Simon] Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, GEMOC, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Sandiford, Mike] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Reagan, Mark] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Hawkesworth, Chris] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Hildreth, Wes] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Turner, S (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, GEMOC, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM simon.turner@mq.edu.au RI Sandiford, Mike/B-5020-2016; GAU, geochemist/H-1985-2016 OI Sandiford, Mike/0000-0002-9757-745X; FU NERC [NER/A/S/2000/01284]; NSF [EAR0001003]; ARC LIEF; DEST; Macquarie University; Royal Society; ARC Federation FX We wish to thank the organizers of the 2001 Penrose Conference on Longevity and Dynamics of Rhyolitic Magma Systems for inspiration and J. Lowenstern for providing the Naknek sample. We thank J. Blundy and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments and J. Lowenstern and M. Clynne for internal USGS reviews. This study was supported by NERC grant NER/A/S/2000/01284 and NSF grant EAR0001003 (M.R.) and also used instrumentation funded by ARC LIEF and DEST Systemic Infrastructure Grants, Macquarie University, and industry. S.T. acknowledges the support of the Royal Society University Research Fellowship and subsequently ARC Federation and Professorial Fellowships. Initial analytical work was undertaken by R. George. This is contribution 656 from the Australian Research Council National Key Centre for the Geochemical Evolution and Metallogeny of Continents (http://www.gemoc.mq.edu.au). NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12201 DI 10.1029/2009JB007195 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QX UT WOS:000285020400002 ER PT J AU Stewart, TJ Johannsson, OE Holeck, K Sprules, WG O'Gorman, R AF Stewart, Thomas J. Johannsson, Ora E. Holeck, Kristen Sprules, W. Gary O'Gorman, Robert TI The Lake Ontario zooplankton community before (1987-1991) and after (2001-2005) invasion-induced ecosystem change SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Production; Biomass; Community structure; Lake Ontario; Invasives ID CLADOCERAN BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; 2 INDEX STATIONS; ZEBRA MUSSELS; RAINBOW SMELT; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; OFFSHORE WATERS AB We assessed changes in Lake Ontario zooplankton biomass, production, and community composition before (1987-1991) and after (2001-2005) invasion-induced ecosystem changes. The ecosystem changes were associated with establishment of invasive dreissenid mussels and invasive predatory cladocerans (Bythotrephes and Cercopagis). Whole-lake total epilimnetic plus metalimnetic zooplankton production declined by approximately half from 42.45 (g dry wt.m(-2.)year(-1)) during 1987-1991 to 21.91 (g dry wt.m(-2).year(-1)) in 2003 and averaged 21.01 (g dry wt.m(-2).year(-1)) during 2001-2005. Analysis of two independent data sets indicates that the mean biomass and biomass proportion of cyclopoid copepods declined while the same measures increased for the invasive predatory cladocerans. Changes in means and proportions of all other zooplankton groups were not consistent between the data sets. Cyclopoid copepod biomass and production declined by factors ranging from 3.6 to 5.7. Invasive predatory cladoceran biomass averaged from 5.0% to 8.0% of the total zooplankton biomass. The zooplankton community was otherwise resilient to the invasion-induced disruption as zooplankton species richness and diversity were unaffected. Zooplankton production was likely reduced by declines in primary productivity but may have declined further due to increased predation by alewives and invasive predatory cladocerans. Shifts in zooplankton community structure were consistent with increased predation pressure on cyclopoid copepods by alewives and invasive predatory cladocerans. Predicted declines in the proportion of small cladocerans were not evident. This study represents the first direct comparison of changes in Lake Ontario zooplankton production before and after the invasion-induced disruption and will be important to food web-scale investigations of invasion effects. (C) 2010 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, Thomas J.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON KOK 2T0, Canada. [Johannsson, Ora E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Holeck, Kristen] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Sprules, W. Gary] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [O'Gorman, Robert] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Stewart, TJ (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, RR 4, Picton, ON KOK 2T0, Canada. EM tom.stewart@ontario.ca; johannsson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; kth1@cornell.edu; gary.sprules@utoronto.ca; rogorman@usgs.gov FU Canada-Ontario Agreement; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council; U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center [1595] FX Funding for the project was provided by the Canada-Ontario Agreement, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council. Lars Rudstam, Joe Makarewicz and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of early drafts. This article is contribution 1595 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 596 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.07.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 692QN UT WOS:000285170300002 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Hanes, JW Brown, L Kraft, CE Begley, TP AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Hanes, Jeremiah W. Brown, Lisa Kraft, Clifford E. Begley, Tadhg P. TI Comparison of thiaminase activity in fish using the radiometric and 4-nitrothiophenol colorimetric methods SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Thiamine deficiency; Early mortality syndrome; M74; PEM; Thiaminase assay ID SHEEP; POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA; ALEWIFE AB Thiaminase induced thiamine deficiency occurs in fish, humans, livestock and wild animals. A non-radioactive thiaminase assay was described in 2007, but a direct comparison with the radioactive (14)C-thiamine method which has been in use for more than 30 years has not been reported. The objective was to measure thiaminase activity in forage fish (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus) consumed by predators that manifest thiamine deficiency using both methods. Modifications were made to the colorimetric assay to improve repeatability. Modification included a change in assay pH, enhanced sample clean-up, constant assay temperature (37 degrees C), increase in the concentration of 4-nitrothiophenol (4NTP) and use of a spectrophotometer fitted with a 0.2 cm cell. A strong relationship between the two assays was found for 51 alewife (R(2)=0.85), 36 smelt (R(2)=0.87) and 20 sculpin (R(2)=0.82). Thiaminase activity in the colorimetric assay was about 1000 times higher than activity measured by the radioactive method. Application of the assay to fish species from which no thiaminase activity has previously been reported resulted in no 4NTP thiaminase activity being found in bloater Coregonus boy:, lake trout Salvelinus namaycusch, steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss or Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In species previously reported to contain thiaminase, 4NTP thiaminase activity was measured in bacteria Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus, gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum, quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis and zebra mussels D. polymorpha. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Hanes, Jeremiah W.; Begley, Tadhg P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Baker Lab 120, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brown, Lisa] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Kraft, Clifford E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov RI Begley, Tadhg/B-5801-2015 FU New York Sea [R/FBF-15] FX Mention of specific products or company does not constitute any form of endorsement by USGS and is provided for informational purposes only. A portion of this research was funded by New York Sea grant (R/FBF-15 to C. Kraft and T. Begley). The remainder of the funding came from no specific funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 641 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.07.005 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 692QN UT WOS:000285170300007 ER PT J AU Houghton, CJ Bronte, CR Paddock, RW Janssen, J AF Houghton, Christopher J. Bronte, Charles R. Paddock, Robert W. Janssen, John TI Evidence for allochthonous prey delivery to Lake Michigan's Mid-Lake Reef Complex: Are deep reefs analogs to oceanic sea mounts? SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Slimy sculpin; Mysis diluviana; Topographic blockage; Abrupt topography ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; MYSIS-RELICTA; GREAT-LAKES; SLIMY SCULPINS; WATER SCULPIN; FRESH-WATER; TROUT; SUPERIOR; ONTARIO; COTTUS AB Lake Michigan's Sheboygan Reef is contained in a refuge for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) restoration, and is one of several deep midlake reefs that historically were productive spawning and fishery grounds. The summits of these reefs are rocky and deeper than the photic zone. We propose that the basis of trophic support for lake trout and their prey is allochthonous and based, at least in part, on the principle of "topographic blockage" of descending vertical migrators (Mysis diluviana), as has been proposed for oceanic seamounts. We estimated slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and Mysis densities via ROV (unmanned submersible) electroshocking and collected slimy sculpins for diet analyses via ROV and beam trawl. Slimy sculpin densities were greater or similar to that for its shallow-water (photic zone) congener, the mottled sculpin (C. bairdi), and not distinguishable from a random distribution. Mysis densities were highly contagious. The diet of the slimy sculpin was variable: Mysis typically predominated, followed by Diporeia and midge larvae. We argue that Mysis and Diporeia originate from off Sheboygan Reef because the summit of Sheboygan Reef is much shallower than the preferred daytime depth of Mysis and there is no suitable soft substrate for Diporeia, which is a burrowing amphipod. The probable mechanism for delivery of these two prey to Sheboygan Reef is topographic blockage. (C) 2010 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Houghton, Christopher J.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Wildlife & Fish Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Paddock, Robert W.; Janssen, John] Univ Wisconsin, WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53214 USA. RP Houghton, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 33209 N Maryland Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM chrish@uwm.edu FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Many thanks are deserved by the crew of the R/V Neeskay, Greg Stamatylakys, Geoff Anderson, and Jim Weselowski, for their help with sample collections. Field sampling and stomach content analysis was aided by Chris Malinowski, Julianne Finn, Yutta Wang, and Jasmine Bruno, to whom we are indebted. Bathymetry data for Fig. 1 were collected by Nigel Wattrus (University of Minnesota, Duluth). An early review of the manuscript was provided by Brent Boscarino. We would also like to dedicate this manuscript in memory of Clifford Mortimer, who always knew that his pioneering work in Great Lakes hydrodynamics would bear biological fruit. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This is contribution P-2010-2 of the USFWS Region 3 Fisheries Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 666 EP 673 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.07.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 692QN UT WOS:000285170300010 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Castiglione, C AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Castiglione, Chris TI Hierarchical multi-scale classification of nearshore aquatic habitats of the Great Lakes: Western Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aquatic habitat classification; Nearshore; Fish assemblages; Neural network models; Great Lakes ID FISH-HABITAT; NEURAL-NETWORKS; ONTARIO; RESTORATION; CIRCULATION; ECOREGIONS; COMMUNITY; COASTAL; SCALES; AREAS AB Classification is a valuable conservation tool for examining natural resource status and problems and is being developed for coastal aquatic habitats. We present an objective, multi-scale hydrospatial framework for nearshore areas of the Great Lakes. The hydrospatial framework consists of spatial units at eight hierarchical scales from the North American Continent to the individual 270-m spatial cell. Characterization of spatial units based on fish abundance and diversity provides a fish-guided classification of aquatic areas at each spatial scale and demonstrates how classifications may be generated from that framework. Those classification units then provide information about habitat, as well as biotic conditions, which can be compared, contrasted, and hierarchically related spatially. Examples within several representative coastal or open water zones of the Western Lake Erie pilot area highlight potential application of this classification system to management problems. This classification system can assist natural resource managers with planning and establishing priorities for aquatic habitat protection, developing rehabilitation strategies, or identifying special management actions. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Castiglione, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Resources Off, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov; Chris_Castiglione@fws.gov NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 757 EP 771 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.09.005 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 692QN UT WOS:000285170300019 ER PT J AU Imre, I Brown, GE Bergstedt, RA McDonald, R AF Imre, Istvan Brown, Grant E. Bergstedt, Roger A. McDonald, Rodney TI Use of chemosensory cues as repellents for sea lamprey: Potential directions for population management SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chemosensory cues; Sea lamprey; Population management; Repellents ID CHEMICAL ALARM CUES; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; WEAKLY ACIDIC CONDITIONS; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; STERILE-MALE-RELEASE; GREAT-LAKES; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; PREDATION RISK; CONVICT CICHLIDS AB Sea lamprey invaded the Great Lakes in the early 20th century and caused an abrupt decline in the population densities of several native fish species. The integrated management of this invasive species is composed of chemical (lampricide) applications, low-head barrier dams, adult trapping and sterile male release. Recently, there has been an increased emphasis on the development of control methods alternative to lampricide applications. We propose as an alternative-control method the use of chemosensory cues as repellents for sea lamprey population management. Based on the available evidence at this time, we suggest that injury-released chemical alarm cues show promise as repellents for sea lamprey and further research should be directed at determining whether sea lamprey show an avoidance response to these types of chemosensory cues. From a management perspective, these chemosensory cues could be used to restrict sea lamprey access to spawning grounds. Repellents could also be used together with attractants like sex pheromones to manipulate sea lamprey behavior, similar to the "push-pull" strategies utilized with insect pests. (C) 2010 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Imre, Istvan] Algoma Univ, Dept Biol, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada. [Brown, Grant E.] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. [Bergstedt, Roger A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [McDonald, Rodney] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. RP Imre, I (reprint author), Algoma Univ, Dept Biol, 1520 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada. EM istvan.imre@algomau.ca; gbrown@alcor.concordia.ca; roger_bergstedt@usgs.gov; rod.mcdonald@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Brown, Grant/B-7182-2013 OI Brown, Grant/0000-0003-3493-3477 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 790 EP 793 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.07.004 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 692QN UT WOS:000285170300022 ER PT J AU Calfee, RD Little, EE Pearl, CA Hoffman, RL AF Calfee, Robin D. Little, Edward E. Pearl, Christopher A. Hoffman, Robert L. TI Effects of Simulated Solar UVB Radiation on Early Developmental Stages of the Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile) from Three Lakes SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; AMPHIBIAN EMBRYOS; RANA-TEMPORARIA; EXPOSURE; AMBIENT; SENSITIVITY; DECLINES; SURVIVAL; EGGS AB Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) has received much attention as a factor that could play a role in amphibian population declines. UV can be hazardous to some amphibians, but the resultant effects depend on a variety of environmental and behavioral factors. In this study, the potential effects of UV on the Northwestern Salamander, Ambystoma gracile, from three lakes were assessed in the laboratory using a solar simulator. We measured the survival of embryos and the survival and growth of larvae exposed to four UV treatments in controlled laboratory studies, the UV absorbance of egg jelly, oviposition depths in the lakes, and UV absorbance in water samples from the three lakes. Hatching success of embryos decreased in the higher UV treatments as compared to the control treatments, and growth of surviving larvae was significantly reduced in the higher UVB irradiance treatments. The egg jelly exhibited a small peak of absorbance within the UVB range (290-320 nm). The magnitude of UV absorbance differed among egg jellies from the three lakes. Oviposition depths at the three sites averaged 1.10 m below the water surface. Approximately 66% of surface UVB radiation was attenuated at 10-cm depth in all three lakes. Results of this study indicate that larvae may be sensitive to UVB exposure under laboratory conditions; however, in field conditions the depths of egg deposition in the lakes, absorbance of UV radiation by the water column, and the potential for behavioral adjustments may mitigate severe effects of UV radiation. C1 [Calfee, Robin D.; Little, Edward E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Pearl, Christopher A.; Hoffman, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Calfee, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM rcalfee@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 572 EP 580 DI 10.1670/09-061.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 701WE UT WOS:000285855100009 ER PT J AU Catlin, D Jacobson, R Sherfy, M Anteau, M Felio, J Fraser, J Lott, C Shaffer, T Stucker, J AF Catlin, Daniel Jacobson, Robert Sherfy, Mark Anteau, Michael Felio, Joy Fraser, James Lott, Casey Shaffer, Terry Stucker, Jennifer TI Discussion of "Natural Hydrograph of the Missouri River near Sioux City and the Least Tern and Piping Plover" by Donald G. Jorgensen SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Catlin, Daniel; Felio, Joy; Fraser, James] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jacobson, Robert] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Sherfy, Mark; Anteau, Michael; Shaffer, Terry; Stucker, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Lott, Casey] Amer Bird Conservancy, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Catlin, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1076 EP 1078 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000265 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 680ZT UT WOS:000284276700014 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Sukovich, E Reynolds, D Dettinger, M Weagle, S Clark, W Neiman, PJ AF Ralph, F. M. Sukovich, E. Reynolds, D. Dettinger, M. Weagle, S. Clark, W. Neiman, P. J. TI Assessment of Extreme Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts and Development of Regional Extreme Event Thresholds Using Data from HMT-2006 and COOP Observers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; CALJET; WINTER; MOUNTAINS; SATELLITE; PACJET-2001 AB Extreme precipitation events, and the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) associated with them, are examined. The study uses data from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT), which conducted its first field study in California during the 2005/06 cool season. National Weather Service River Forecast Center (NWS RFC) gridded QPFs for 24-h periods at 24-h (day 1), 48-h (day 2), and 72-h (day 3) forecast lead times plus 24-h quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from sites in California (CA) and Oregon-Washington (OR-WA) are used. During the 172-day period studied, some sites received more than 254 cm (100 in.) of precipitation. The winter season produced many extreme precipitation events, including 90 instances when a site received more than 7.6 cm (3.0 in.) of precipitation in 24 h (i.e., an "event'') and 17 events that exceeded 12.7 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.0 in. (24 h)(-1)]. For the 90 extreme events {> 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)]}, almost 90% of all the 270 QPFs (days 1-3) were biased low, increasingly so with greater lead time. Of the 17 observed events exceeding 12.7 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.0 in. (24 h)(-1)], only 1 of those events was predicted to be that extreme. Almost all of the extreme events correlated with the presence of atmospheric river conditions. Total seasonal QPF biases for all events {i.e., >= 0.025 cm (24 h)(-1) [0.01 in. (24 h)(-1)]} were sensitive to local geography and were generally biased low in the California-Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC) region and high in the Northwest River Forecast Center(NWRFC) domain. The low bias in CA QPFs improved with shorter forecast lead time and worsened for extreme events. Differences were also noted between the CNRFC and NWRFC in terms of QPF and the frequency of extreme events. A key finding from this study is that there were more precipitation events > 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in CA than in OR-WA. Examination of 422 Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) sites in the NWRFC domain and 400 in the CNRFC domain found that the thresholds for the top 1% and top 0.1% of precipitation events were 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] and 14.2 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.6 in. (24 h)(-1)] or greater for the CNRFC and only 5.1 cm (24 h)(-1) [2.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] and 9.4 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.7 in. (24 h)(-1)] for the NWRFC, respectively. Similar analyses for all NWS RFCs showed that the threshold for the top 1% of events varies from similar to 3.8 cm (24 h)(-1) [1.5 in. (24 h)(-1)] in the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) to similar to 5.1 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in the northern tier of RFCs and; 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in both the southern tier and the CNRFC. It is recommended that NWS QPF performance in the future be assessed for extreme events using these thresholds. C1 [Ralph, F. M.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sukovich, E.; Clark, W.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reynolds, D.] NOAA, NWS, Monterey WFO, Monterey, CA USA. [Dettinger, M.] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Weagle, S.] NOAA, NWS, Portland WFO, Portland, OR USA. [Weagle, S.] NW River Forecast Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1286 EP 1304 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1232.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZE UT WOS:000286178800006 ER PT J AU Vogel, JA Koford, RR Debinski, DM AF Vogel, Jennifer A. Koford, Rolf R. Debinski, Diane M. TI Direct and indirect responses of tallgrass prairie butterflies to prescribed burning SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Prescribed fire; Butterfly conservation; Path analysis; Tallgrass prairie; Grassland management; Indirect effects ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; REGAL FRITILLARY; SPEYERIA-IDALIA; FIRE; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; USA; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; RESERVES AB Fire is an important tool in the conservation and restoration of tallgrass prairie ecosystems. We investigated how both the vegetation composition and butterfly community of tallgrass prairie remnants changed in relation to the elapsed time (in months) since prescribed fire. Butterfly richness and butterfly abundance were positively correlated with the time since burn. Habitat-specialist butterfly richness recovery time was greater than 70 months post-fire and habitat-specialist butterfly abundance recovery time was approximately 50 months post-fire. Thus, recovery times for butterfly populations after prescribed fires in our study were potentially longer than those previously reported. We used Path Analysis to evaluate the relative contributions of the direct effect of time since fire and the indirect effects of time since fire through changes in vegetation composition on butterfly abundance. Path models highlighted the importance of the indirect effects of fire on habitat features, such as increases in the cover of bare ground. Because fire return intervals on managed prairie remnants are often less than 5 years, information on recovery times for habitat-specialist insect species are of great importance. C1 [Vogel, Jennifer A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Koford, Rolf R.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Debinski, Diane M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vogel, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jenvogel@iastate.edu OI Debinski, Diane/0000-0002-7144-4640 FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [04-8348-04] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the State Wildlife Grants Program (04-8348-04). We would like to thank S. Moats from the The Nature Conservancy, B. Zales and D. Zales and B. Knapp and C. Knapp for their valuable assistance with this project. J. Miller, B. Wilsey, and J. Davis provided helpful reviews and comments, as did anonymous reviewers. D. Russell provided assistance with data analysis. We would also like to thank field assistants A. Hagert and J. Davis. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 6 BP 663 EP 677 DI 10.1007/s10841-010-9295-1 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 678KX UT WOS:000284073800008 ER PT J AU Wanless, VD Perfit, MR Ridley, WI Klein, E AF Wanless, V. D. Perfit, M. R. Ridley, W. I. Klein, E. TI Dacite Petrogenesis on Mid-Ocean Ridges: Evidence for Oceanic Crustal Melting and Assimilation SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE assimilation; dacite; fractional crystallization; mid-ocean ridge; MORB; partial melting ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; GALAPAGOS SPREADING CENTER; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; AXIAL MAGMA CHAMBER; ABYSSAL LAVAS; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; TROODOS OPHIOLITE AB Whereas the majority of eruptions at oceanic spreading centers produce lavas with relatively homogeneous mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) compositions, the formation of tholeiitic andesites and dacites at mid-ocean ridges (MORs) is a petrological enigma. Eruptions of MOR high-silica lavas are typically associated with ridge discontinuities and have produced regionally significant volumes of lava. Andesites and dacites have been observed and sampled at several locations along the global MOR system; these include propagating ridge tips at ridge-transform intersections on the Juan de Fuca Ridge and eastern Galapagos spreading center, and at the 9 degrees N overlapping spreading center on the East Pacific Rise. Despite the formation of these lavas at various ridges, MOR dacites show remarkably similar major element trends and incompatible trace element enrichments, suggesting that similar processes are controlling their chemistry. Although most geochemical variability in MOR basalts is consistent with low-pressure fractional crystallization of various mantle-derived parental melts, our geochemical data for MOR dacitic glasses suggest that contamination from a seawater-altered component is important in their petrogenesis. MOR dacites are characterized by elevated U, Th, Zr, and Hf, low Nb and Ta concentrations relative to rare earth elements (REE), and Al2O3, K2O, and Cl concentrations that are higher than expected from low-pressure fractional crystallization alone. Petrological modeling of MOR dacites suggests that partial melting and assimilation are both integral to their petrogenesis. Extensive fractional crystallization of a MORB parent combined with partial melting and assimilation of amphibole-bearing altered crust produces a magma with a geochemical signature similar to a MOR dacite. This supports the hypothesis that crustal assimilation is an important process in the formation of highly evolved MOR lavas and may be significant in the generation of evolved MORB in general. Additionally, these processes are likely to be more common in regions of episodic magma supply and enhanced magma-crust interaction such as at the ends of ridge segments. C1 [Wanless, V. D.; Perfit, M. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wanless, V. D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. [Ridley, W. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Klein, E.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Wanless, VD (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Ocean Drilling Program, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM dwanless@whoi.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0527075, OCE-0526120] FX This work was supported by the RIDGE2000 program of the National Science Foundation (grant number OCE-0527075 to M. R. P. and OCE-0526120 to E.M.K.). NR 115 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2377 EP 2410 DI 10.1093/petrology/egq056 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 689RV UT WOS:000284947300001 ER PT J AU Zimmer, MM Plank, T Hauri, EH Yogodzinski, GM Stelling, P Larsen, J Singer, B Jicha, B Mandeville, C Nye, CJ AF Zimmer, Mindy M. Plank, Terry Hauri, Erik H. Yogodzinski, Gene M. Stelling, Peter Larsen, Jessica Singer, Brad Jicha, Brian Mandeville, Charles Nye, Christopher J. TI The Role of Water in Generating the Calc-alkaline Trend: New Volatile Data for Aleutian Magmas and a New Tholeiitic Index SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE subduction; water; calc-alkaline; tholeiitic; Aleutian ID FRACTIONATING BASALTIC MAGMA; MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; HOSTED MELT INCLUSIONS; SUBDUCTION ZONE MAGMAS; HIGH-ALUMINA BASALTS; ISLAND-ARC; OXYGEN FUGACITY; OXIDATION-STATE; SILICIC MAGMAS; MAGNESIAN ANDESITES AB The origin of tholeiitic (TH) versus calc-alkaline (CA) magmatic trends has long been debated. Part of the problem stems from the lack of a quantitative measure for the way in which a magma evolves. Recognizing that the salient feature in many TH-CA discrimination diagrams is enrichment in Fe during magma evolution, we have developed a quantitative index of Fe enrichment, the Tholeiitic Index (THI): THI = Fe-4 center dot 0/Fe-8 center dot 0, where Fe-4 center dot 0 is the average FeO* concentration of samples with 4 +/- 1 wt % MgO, and Fe-8 center dot 0 is the average FeO* at 8 +/- 1 wt % MgO. Magmas with THI > 1 have enriched in FeO* during differentiation from basalts to andesites and are tholeiitic; magmas with THI < 1 are calc-alkaline. Most subduction zone volcanism is CA, but to varying extents; the THI expresses the continuum of Fe enrichment observed in magmatic suites in all tectonic settings. To test various controls on the development of CA trends, we present new magmatic water measurements in melt inclusions from eight volcanoes from the Aleutian volcanic arc (Augustine, Emmons, Shishaldin, Akutan, Unalaska, Okmok, Seguam, and Korovin). Least degassed H2O contents vary from similar to 2 wt % (Shishaldin) to > 7 wt % (Augustine), spanning the global range in arc mafic magmas. Within the Aleutian data, H2O correlates negatively with THI, from strongly calc-alkaline (Augustine, THI = 0 center dot 65) to moderately tholeiitic (Shishaldin, THI = 1 center dot 16). The relationship between THI and magmatic water is maintained when data are included from additional arc volcanoes, back-arc basins, ocean islands, and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), supporting a dominant role of magmatic water in generating CA trends. An effective break between TH and CA trends occurs at similar to 2 wt % H2O. Both pMELTs calculations and laboratory experiments demonstrate that the observed co-variation of H2O and THI in arcs can be generated by the effect of H2O on the suppression of plagioclase and the relative enhancement of Fe-oxides on the liquid line of descent. The full THI-H2O array requires an increase in fO(2) with H2O, from FMQ (where FMQ is the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer) in MORB to similar to delta FMQ +0 center dot 5 to +2 in arcs, consistent with inferences from measured Fe and S species in glasses and melt inclusions. A curve fit to the data, H2O (wt % +/- 1 center dot 2) = exp[(1 center dot 26 - THI)/0 center dot 32], may provide a useful tool for estimating the H2O content of magmas that are inaccessible to melt inclusion study. C1 [Zimmer, Mindy M.; Plank, Terry] Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hauri, Erik H.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Yogodzinski, Gene M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Stelling, Peter] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Larsen, Jessica] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Singer, Brad; Jicha, Brian] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mandeville, Charles] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Nye, Christopher J.] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Zimmer, MM (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08809 USA. EM mindy.zimmer@gmail.com RI Plank, Terry/D-9542-2012; Singer, Bradley/F-4991-2012 OI Singer, Bradley/0000-0003-3595-5168 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0409495, EAR-0609953, EAR-0233712]; Boston University FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0409495 and EAR-0609953 to T. P. and E. H. H., and EAR-0233712 to T. P.) and Boston University (CAS Dean's Fellowship to M.M.Z.). NR 179 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 50 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2411 EP 2444 DI 10.1093/petrology/egq062 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 689RV UT WOS:000284947300002 ER PT J AU Bartok, ND Conway, CJ AF Bartok, Nickolas D. Conway, Courtney J. TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRESENCE OF NESTING BURROWING OWLS IN AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burrowing Owl; Athene cunicularia; agriculture; California; Imperial Valley; nesting habitat; nest-site selection; Salton Sea ID ATHENE-CUNICULARIA; WASHINGTON; SELECTION AB We examined factors that influenced the presence of nesting Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) along roadsides and irrigation water-conveyance systems within an intensive agricultural area in Imperial Valley, southeastern California. We conducted walking line-transect surveys along randomly selected 1-km segments of roads to examine the types of roadside attributes and agricultural crops that were associated with the presence of nesting Burrowing Owls. Occupied burrows were more likely to be located along roadsides adjacent to fields where crops were present, but we found no obvious association with any particular type of crop. However, the type (concrete delivery canal or earthen drainage ditch), number, and location of irrigation trenches between the road and the agricultural field affected the likelihood of detecting owl nests. We failed to detect any effect of trench depth or whether the road was paved on the presence of Burrowing Owls. We found more occupied burrows on roads running north/south than on those going east/west. Our results suggest that water delivery methods, trench construction, and maintenance practices affect suitability of agricultural areas for Burrowing Owls in the Imperial Valley of California. C1 [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bartok, ND (reprint author), 414-353 Commissioners Rd W, London, ON N6J 0A3, Canada. EM nickbartok@hotmail.com NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.3356/JRR-10-06.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 696KV UT WOS:000285441200004 ER PT J AU Pagel, JE Patton, RT Latta, B AF Pagel, Joel E. Patton, Robert T. Latta, Brian TI GROUND NESTING OF PEREGRINE FALCONS (FALCO PEREGRINUS) NEAR SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter DE Peregrine Falcon; Falco peregrinus; ground-nesting; nest; reproduction C1 [Pagel, Joel E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Patton, Robert T.] Avian Res Associates, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. [Latta, Brian] Bird Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 USA. RP Pagel, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. EM jpagel@rocetmail.com NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 323 EP 325 DI 10.3356/JRR-10-03.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 696KV UT WOS:000285441200010 ER PT J AU Kochert, MN Steenhof, K Kennedy, PL AF Kochert, Michael N. Steenhof, Karen Kennedy, Patricia L. TI DR. CARL D. MARTI 1944-2010 IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Kochert, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Owyhee Desert Studies, Murphy, ID 83650 USA. [Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Stn, Union, OR 97883 USA. RP Kochert, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 335 EP 336 DI 10.3356/0892-1016-44.4.335 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 696KV UT WOS:000285441200013 ER PT J AU Poff, NL Pyne, MI Bledsoe, BP Cuhaciyan, CC Carlisle, DM AF Poff, N. LeRoy Pyne, Matthew I. Bledsoe, Brian P. Cuhaciyan, Christopher C. Carlisle, Daren M. TI Developing linkages between species traits and multiscaled environmental variation to explore vulnerability of stream benthic communities to climate change SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE benthic community; species traits; climate change; species vulnerability ID MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; AQUATIC INSECTS; UNITED-STATES; INVERTEBRATE TRAITS; BIOLOGICAL TRAITS; HABITAT TEMPLET; NORTH-AMERICA; LAND-USE; VARIABILITY; REDUNDANCY AB Forecasting responses of benthic community structure and function to anthropogenic climate change is an emerging scientific challenge. Characterizing benthic species by biological attributes (traits) that are responsive to temperature and streamflow conditions can support a mechanistic approach for assessing the potential ecological responses to climate change. However, nonclimatic environmental factors also structure benthic communities and may mitigate transient climatic conditions, and these must be considered in evaluating potential impacts of climate change. Here we used macroinvertebrate and environmental data for 279 reference-quality sites spanning 12 states in the western US. For each sampling location, we described 45 environmental variables that spanned reach to catchment scales and that represented contemporary climate drivers, hydrologic metrics, and nonclimatic habitat features, as well as purely spatial metrics. We described benthic community composition at each site in terms of 7 species traits, including those considered sensitive to temperature increases and streamflow changes. All combined environmental variables explained 67% of the total trait variation across the sites, and catchment-scale climatic and hydrologic variables independently accounted for 19%. Sites were clustered into 3 community types based on trait composition, and a classification-tree analysis confirmed that climatic and hydrologic variables were important in partitioning these groups. Sensitivity of benthic communities to projected climate change was assessed by quantifying the proportion of taxa at sites having the traits of either cold stenothermy or obligate rheophily. Regression-tree analysis showed that temperature and hydrologic variables mostly accounted for the differences in proportion of sensitivity traits across the sites. We examined the vulnerability of sites to climate change by superimposing regional-scale projections of late-21(st)-century temperature and runoff change on the spatial distribution of temperature- and runoff-sensitive assemblages. Sites with high proportions of cold stenotherms and obligate rheophiles occur throughout the western US, but the degree of temperature and runoff change is projected to be greatest for reference sites in the Upper Colorado River and Great Basin. Thus, our results suggest that traits-based sensitivity coupled with intraregional variation in projected changes in temperature and runoff will cause reference sites in the western US to be differentially vulnerable to future climate change. C1 [Poff, N. LeRoy; Pyne, Matthew I.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy; Pyne, Matthew I.; Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cuhaciyan, Christopher C.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Poff, NL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM poff@lamar.colostate.edu; mpyne@lamar.colostate.edu; brian.bledsoe@colostate.edu; cuhaciyan@uidaho.edu; dcarlisle@usgs.gov RI Pyne, Matthew/F-6910-2011 FU USEPA [SPO BS0056363, R833833] FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. We thank A. T. Herlihy for providing the WEMAP data, Dan Baker for assisting in development of catchment variables, and P. R. Kaufmann for deriving his relative bed-stability metric for our sites. This work was supported in part by USEPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants SPO BS0056363 and R833833, but it does not reflect any official endorsement by the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 70 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 79 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1441 EP 1458 DI 10.1899/10-030.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676EB UT WOS:000283891800020 ER PT J AU Butler, M Ginsberg, HS LeBrun, RA Gettman, A AF Butler, Mari Ginsberg, Howard S. LeBrun, Roger A. Gettman, Alan TI Evaluation of nontarget effects of methoprene applied to catch basins for mosquito control SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mosquito control; catch basins; methoprene ID INSECT DEVELOPMENTAL INHIBITORS; SUSTAINED-RELEASE METHOPRENE; GROWTH-REGULATOR METHOPRENE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS-ISRAELENSIS; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOG; ISOPROPYL (2E,4E)-11-METHOXY-3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-2,4-DODECADIENOATE; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; LARVICIDES TEMEPHOS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; VECTOLEX CG(R) AB The mosquito larvicide methoprene is a juvenile growth hormone mimic that is widely used to control mosquito larvae in stormwater catch basins. This study addresses two concerns pertaining to methoprene's use for mosquito control. First, measurements of methoprene concentrations were made from water in catch basins that had been treated with methoprene and from an adjoining salt pond near where the treated catch basins emptied. The concentrations of methoprene in catch basins and at drainage outlets after application at the rates currently used for mosquito control in southern Rhode Island were 0.5 ppb and lower, orders of magnitude below what has been determined as detrimental to organisms other than mosquitoes. Second, the effects of methoprene on the communities that live in catch basins were evaluated both in simulated catch basins in the laboratory and in actual catch basins in the field. We found no evidence of declines in abundances of any taxa attributable to the application. Furthermore, we found no consistent changes in community-level parameters (e.g., taxonomic richness, and dominance-diversity relationships) related to methoprene application in either field or laboratory trials. C1 [Butler, Mari; LeBrun, Roger A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Gettman, Alan] Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Mosquito Abatement Off, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Butler, M (reprint author), Endicott Coll, 376 Hale St, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. OI Lebrun, Renaud/0000-0002-5819-2653 FU Rhode Island Agriculture Experiment Station [RI00666]; URI; Northeastern Mosquito Control Association; U.S. Government FX We are grateful to the following faculty, staff, and students at the University of Rhode Island: Maria Aliberti, Katie Allen, Dr. Steven Alm, Dr. David Bengtson, Adam Butler, Dr. Richard Casagrande, Melanie Cheeseman, Charles Dawson, Caryn Debatt, Linda Green, Mary McDougle, Dr. Neeta Pardanani, Fred Pollnak, Carl Sawyer, Jesse Siligato, Cannsotha Suom, and Jane Viera. We also thank Nimish Vyas and Paula Henry and three anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by the Rhode Island Agriculture Experiment Station Hatch Grant #RI00666, URI's Coastal Research Fellowship Program, and the Northeastern Mosquito Control Association John L. McColgan Grant In Aid. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2 BP 372 EP 384 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00096.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 700QC UT WOS:000285758200016 PM 21175945 ER PT J AU Cahill, CF Rinkleff, PG Dehn, J Webley, PW Cahill, TA Barnes, DE AF Cahill, Catherine F. Rinkleff, Peter G. Dehn, Jonathan Webley, Peter W. Cahill, Thomas A. Barnes, David E. TI Aerosol measurements from a recent Alaskan volcanic eruption Implications for volcanic ash transport predictions SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerosol; Augustine Volcano; hazard; transport; model validation ID ST-HELENS; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS; PLUME AB Size and time-resolved aerosol compositional measurements conducted during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano provide quantitative information on the size and concentration of the fine volcanic ash emitted during the eruption and carried and deposited downwind These data can be used as a starting point to attempt to validate volcanic ash transport models For the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano an island volcano in south-central Alaska size and time resolved aerosol measurements were made using an eight stage (0 09-0 26 0 26-0 34 0 34-0 56 0 56-0 75 0 75-1 15 1 15-2 5 2 5-5 0 and 5 0-35 0 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) Davis Rotating Unit for Monitoring (DRUM) aerosol impactor deployed near ground level in Homer Alaska approximately 110 km east-northeast of the volcano The aerosol samples collected by the DRUM impactor were analyzed for mass and elemental composition every 90 min during a four-week sampling period from January 13 to February 11 2006 that spanned several explosive episodes dunng the 2006 eruption The collected aerosols showed that the size distribution of the volcanic ash fallout changed during this period of eruption Ash had its highest concentrations in the largest size fraction (5 0-35 0 pm) with no ash present in the less than 115 pm size fractions during the short lived explosive events In contrast during the continuous ash emission phase concentrations of volcanic ash were more significant in the less than 115 pm size fractions Settling velocities dictate that the smaller size particles will transport far from the volcano and unlike the larger particles not be retained in the proximal strangraphic record These results show that volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) model predictions based on massless tracer particles such as the predictions from the PUFF VATD model provide a good first-order approximation of the transport of both large and small volcanic ash particles Unfortunately the concentration of particles in different size fractions depends on eruptive style and ash generation processes so predicting the actual behavior of the ash particles from an eruption requires additional information in real time (c) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Cahill, Catherine F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cahill, Catherine F.; Rinkleff, Peter G.; Dehn, Jonathan; Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cahill, Catherine F.; Rinkleff, Peter G.; Dehn, Jonathan; Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rinkleff, Peter G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cahill, Thomas A.; Barnes, David E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, DELTA Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cahill, CF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) through U S Geological Survey [03HQAG0032, 03HQAG0059] FX This work was supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) through U S Geological Survey cooperative agreements 03HQAG0032 and 03HQAG0059 AVO is a cooperative tri-partite program supported by the U S Geological Survey the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.012 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699QP UT WOS:000285678200006 ER PT J AU Riva-Murray, K Riemann, R Murdoch, P Fischer, JM Brightbill, R AF Riva-Murray, Karen Riemann, Rachel Murdoch, Peter Fischer, Jeffrey M. Brightbill, Robin TI Landscape characteristics affecting streams in urbanizing regions of the Delaware River Basin (New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, U.S.) SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urbanization; Macroinvertebrate; Landscape pattern; Land cover; Land use; Water quality; Impervious surface ID CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS; UNITED-STATES; METROPOLITAN-AREAS; LAND-COVER; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FRESH-WATER; USA; INTENSITY; METRICS AB Widespread and increasing urbanization has resulted in the need to assess, monitor, and understand its effects on stream water quality. Identifying relations between stream ecological condition and urban intensity indicators such as impervious surface provides important, but insufficient information to effectively address planning and management needs in such areas. In this study we investigate those specific landscape metrics which are functionally linked to indicators of stream ecological condition, and in particular, identify those characteristics that exacerbate or mitigate changes in ecological condition over and above impervious surface. The approach used addresses challenges associated with redundancy of landscape metrics, and links landscape pattern and composition to an indicator of stream ecological condition across a broad area of the eastern United States. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected during 2000-2001 from forty-two sites in the Delaware River Basin, and landscape data of high spatial and thematic resolution were obtained from photointerpretation of 1999 imagery. An ordination-derived 'biotic score' was positively correlated with assemblage tolerance, and with urban-related chemical characteristics such as chloride concentration and an index of potential pesticide toxicity. Impervious surface explained 56% of the variation in biotic score, but the variation explained increased to as high as 83% with the incorporation of a second land use, cover, or configuration metric at catchment or riparian scales. These include land use class-specific cover metrics such as percent of urban land with tree cover, forest fragmentation metrics such as aggregation index, riparian metrics such as percent tree cover, and metrics related to urban aggregation. Study results indicate that these metrics will be important to monitor in urbanizing areas in addition to impervious surface. C1 [Riva-Murray, Karen; Murdoch, Peter] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Riemann, Rachel] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Fischer, Jeffrey M.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Brightbill, Robin] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Riva-Murray, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM krmurray@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1489 EP 1503 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9513-y PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 669SR UT WOS:000283371000003 ER PT J AU Risley, CAL Zydlewski, J AF Risley, Casey A. L. Zydlewski, Joseph TI Assessing the Effects of Catch-and-Release Regulations on a Brook Trout Population Using an Age-Structured Model SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS POPULATIONS; LANDLOCKED ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; HOOKING MORTALITY; BROWN TROUT; FISH; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL AB As populations of wild brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis decline across the species' native range in North America, angling regulations such as fly-fishing only and catch and release are being used by management agencies to conserve fish while maintaining angling opportunities. Postrelease (hooking) mortality may significantly shift the age structure and size structure of populations. To assess the possible influence of catch-and-release fishing on brook trout population structure, we applied data from several sources to build a deterministic population model that included age-classes up to age 5. To assess the potential effect of fishing, we examined the changes in population density and age structure at varying levels of angler effort (0-400 angler-hours . ha(-1) . year(-1)) and hooking mortality rates (0-14%). Assuming a low (5%) hooking mortality rate, trophy brook trout density (ages 4 and 5) decreased by 50% at an angling intensity of 160 angler-hours . ha(-1) . year(-1). As angling effort increased, the proportion of older fish (ages 3-5) declined further. At very high levels of angling effort (>300 angler-hours . ha(-1) . year(-1)), age-4 and age-5 fish were eliminated from the population. Increases in postrelease mortality rates resulted in similar declines for older age-classes. The results of this simulation indicate that hooking mortality rates as might be common in catch-and-release fisheries may significantly shift the age structure of a population, thus reducing trophy angling potential. C1 [Risley, Casey A. L.; Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jzydlewski@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Maine Departmentof Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; University of Maine FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Maine Departmentof Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, and the University of Maine. We appreciate the input from Cynthia Loftin, Gayle Zydlewski, and Ben Letcher in earlier drafts of this work. Merry Gallagher of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife generously shared both data and expertise. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1434 EP 1444 DI 10.1577/M09-158.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000010 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Lipton, DW Miller, TJ AF Bunnell, David B. Lipton, Douglas W. Miller, Thomas J. TI The Bioeconomic Impact of Different Management Regulations on the Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPAWNING STOCK; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH; GULF; SUBESTUARY; PREDATION; DEPLETION AB The harvest of blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in Chesapeake Bay declined 46% between 1993 and 2001 and remained low through 2008. Because the total market value of this fishery has declined by an average of US$3.3 million per year since 1993, the commercial fishery has been challenged to maintain profitability. We developed a bioeconomic simulation model of the Chesapeake Bay blue crab fishery to aid managers in determining which regulations will maximize revenues while ensuring a sustainable harvest. We compared 15 different management scenarios, including those implemented by Maryland and Virginia between 2007 and 2009, that sought to reduce female crab harvest and nine others that used seasonal closures, different size regulations, or the elimination of fishing for specific market categories. Six scenarios produced the highest revenues: the 2008 and 2009 Maryland regulations, spring and fall closures for female blue crabs, and 152- and 165-mm maximum size limits for females. Our most important finding was that for each state the 2008 and 2009 scenarios that implemented early closures of the female crab fishery produced higher revenues than the 2007 scenario, in which no early female closures were implemented. We conclude that the use of maximum size limits for female crabs would not be feasible despite their potentially high revenue, given the likelihood that the soft-shell and peeler fisheries cannot be expanded beyond their current capacity and the potentially high mortality rate for culled individuals that are the incorrect size. Our model results support the current use of seasonal closures for females, which permit relatively high exploitation of males and soft-shell and peeler blue crabs (which have high prices) while keeping the female crab harvest sustainable. Further, our bioeconomic model allows for the inclusion of an economic viewpoint along with biological data when target reference points are set by managers. C1 [Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lipton, Douglas W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008; OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU Maryland Sea Grant [R/CR-2b] FX This research was supported by Maryland Sea Grant (R/CR-2b). This paper is contribution 1614 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and contribution 4456 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. We thank Lynn Fegley for helping us understand the range of options considered by management jurisdictions, the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Stock Assessment Committee for providing the data used for Figure 1, and Amanda Colton, Derek Orner, and five anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1505 EP 1521 DI 10.1577/M09-182.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000016 ER PT J AU Corace, RG Seefelt, NE Goebel, PC Shaw, HL AF Corace, R. Gregory, III Seefelt, Nancy E. Goebel, P. Charles Shaw, Heather L. TI Snag Longevity and Decay Class Development in a Recent Jack Pine Clearcut in Michigan SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE ecological forestry; forest wildlife habitat; jack pine; Kirtland's warbler; snags ID KIRTLANDS WARBLER; CENTRAL ONTARIO; FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; CHRONOSEQUENCE; WILDFIRE; HABITAT; CANADA AB To better understand the factors that influence the longevity and decay class development of natural and girdled snags in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantations managed for Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandil Baird) breeding habitat in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, we followed the fate of 335 jack pine and oak (Quercus spp.) snags. After 2.5 years, 41% of snags snapped or uprooted, with most snapping or uprooting occurring within the first year. Jack pine snags experienced higher rates of snapping or uprooting than oak or all other snags combined, regardless of whether natural or girdled. Girdling by itself or as an interaction term had no significant effect on snapping or uprooting for either jack pine or oak, but both diameter (P = 0.03) and height (P = 0.01) influenced snapping and uprooting in oak. Thirty months after treatment, the percentage of snags among decay classes differed between species of snag and snag types (natural-girdled), with snag height inversely related to snag decay class development. These results suggest that snag development will occur rapidly in recently clearcut jack pine stands and that higher densities of snags may be needed to be retained or created if management goals are to emulate more natural conditions. C1 [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Seefelt, Nancy E.; Shaw, Heather L.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Corace, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1674 Refirge Entrance Rd, Seney, MI 49883 USA. EM greg_corace@fws.gov RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 680TA UT WOS:000284256100001 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Newell, RL Rogers, DC AF Hossack, Blake R. Newell, Robert L. Rogers, D. Christopher TI Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca) from Protected Areas of Western Montana SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FAIRY-SHRIMP; CRUSTACEA; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; USA C1 [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Newell, Robert L.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Rogers, D. Christopher] EcoAnalysts Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 84 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556BF UT WOS:000274561000006 ER PT J AU Burruss, RC Laughrey, CD AF Burruss, R. C. Laughrey, C. D. TI Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas: Evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN; NATURAL GASES; FLUID INCLUSION; QUARTZ ARENITE; RIDGE PROVINCE; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE ROCKS; METHANE; ORIGIN; FRACTIONATION AB During studies of unconventional natural gas reservoirs of Silurian and Ordovician age in the northern Appalachian basin we observed complete reversal of the normal trend of carbon isotopic composition, such that delta(13)C methane (C(1)) >delta(13)C ethane (C(2)) >delta(13)C propane (C(3)). In addition, we have observed isotopic reversals in the delta(2)H in the deepest samples. Isotopic reversals cannot be explained by current models of hydrocarbon gas generation. Previous observations of partial isotopic reversals have been explained by mixing between gases from different sources and thermal maturities. We have constructed a model which, in addition to mixing, requires Rayleigh fractionation of C(2) and C(3) to cause enrichment in (13)C and create reversals. In the deepest samples, the normal trend of increasing enrichment of (13)C and (2)H in methane with increasing depth reverses and (2)H becomes depleted as (13)C becomes enriched. We propose that the reactions that drive Rayleigh fractionation of C(2) and C(3) involve redox reactions with transition metals and water at late stages of catagenesis at temperatures on the order of 250-300 degrees C. Published ab initio Calculated fractionation factors for C-C bond breaking in ethane at these temperatures are consistent with our observations. The reversed trend in delta(2)H in methane appears to be caused by isotopic exchange with formation water at the same temperatures. Our interpretation that Rayleigh fractionation during redox reactions is causing isotopic reversals has important implications for natural gas resources in deeply buried sedimentary basins. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burruss, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Laughrey, C. D.] Penn Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Bur Topog & Geol Survey, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Burruss, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS956, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM burruss@usgs.gov; christopher.laughrey@weatherfordlabs.com FU USGS Petroleum Processes Project; National Oil and Gas Assessment Project; US DOE/NETL [DE-FC26-03NT41856]; Pennsylvania Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the USGS Petroleum Processes Project and the National Oil and Gas Assessment Project (RCB) and by US DOE/NETL (Award Number DE-FC26-03NT41856), an industry-funded grant, and the Pennsylvania Geological Survey (CDL). Many individuals at independent oil and gas exploration and production companies and state geological surveys provided critical assistance in sample collection. Michael Trippi assisted with preparation of Fig. 1. Martin Schoell, Michael Bikerman, Peter Warwick and Sean Brennan commented on an early draft of this manuscript. Comments and suggestions by Darius Strapoc and an anonymous reviewer were very helpful in improving the consistency of the presentation and discussion of this work. Use of commercial trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey or the Pennsylvania Geological Survey. NR 60 TC 62 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1285 EP 1296 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.09.008 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 708NR UT WOS:000286369000005 ER PT J AU Lauber, TB Taylor, EJ Decker, DJ Knuth, BA AF Lauber, T. Bruce Taylor, Eric J. Decker, Daniel J. Knuth, Barbara A. TI Challenges of Professional Development: Balancing the Demands of Employers and Professions in Federal Natural Resource Agencies SO ORGANIZATION & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE federal agencies; professional development; organizational commitment; professional commitment ID FACTORS INFLUENCING MEMBERSHIP; LATENT SOCIAL ROLES; ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT; ROLE ORIENTATIONS; CONFLICT; COSMOPOLITANS; BIOLOGISTS; COMPANIES; TURNOVER; CULTURE AB Effectiveness of government natural resource agencies depends on the capabilities of their employees. These capabilities may be maintained or enhanced through professional development activities, including involvement in scientific societies. The authors studied factors that influence whether U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey biologists participate in a variety of professional development activities. Previous research has indicated that a tension sometimes exists between employees' commitment to their professions (professional commitment) and their commitment to their employing organizations (organizational commitment). The authors explored how these two orientations related to professional development. The authors found that increases in engagement in a number of types of professional development activities were associated with increases in professional commitment and education. Decreases in engagement in some types of professional development were associated with increases in organizational commitment, however, suggesting that engaging in professional development may involve a trade-off between meeting one's professional needs and satisfying obligations to one's agency. C1 [Lauber, T. Bruce; Decker, Daniel J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Taylor, Eric J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Waterfowl Management Branch, Anchorage, AK USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Grad Sch, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lauber, TB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, 126 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM TBL3@cornell.edu RI breidahl, emil/E-9170-2014 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1086-0266 J9 ORGAN ENVIRON JI Organ. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 446 EP 464 DI 10.1177/1086026610387760 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Management SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 700TR UT WOS:000285767700004 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Gemery, L Briggs, WM Jakobsson, M Polyak, L Brouwers, EM AF Cronin, T. M. Gemery, L. Briggs, W. M., Jr. Jakobsson, M. Polyak, L. Brouwers, E. M. TI Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID EURASIAN CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; GLACIAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CHUKCHI SEA; GAMMARUS-WILKITZKII; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; MENDELEEV RIDGE; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; BASIN; DEEP AB Paleo-sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean was reconstructed using the sea-ice dwelling ostracode Acetabulastoma arcticum from late Quaternary sediments from the Mendeleyev, Lomonosov, and Gakkel Ridges, the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau. Results suggest intermittently high levels of perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (25-45 ka), minimal sea ice during the last deglacial (16-11 ka) and early Holocene thermal maximum (11-5 ka) and increasing sea ice during the mid-to-late Holocene (5-0 ka). Sediment core records from the Iceland and Rockall Plateaus show that perennial sea ice existed in these regions only during glacial intervals MIS 2, 4, and 6. These results show that sea ice exhibits complex temporal and spatial variability during different climatic regimes and that the development of modern perennial sea ice may be a relatively recent phenomenon. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cronin, T. M.; Gemery, L.] US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Briggs, W. M., Jr.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jakobsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Polyak, L.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brouwers, E. M.] US Geol Survey, MS 406, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov RI Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; OI Jakobsson, Martin/0000-0002-9033-3559 FU US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [NSF OPP-9400255] FX We are grateful to P. Schweitzer for sea ice data, H. Bauch, C. Didie, J. Matthiessen, L Osterman, R.Z. Poore, R. Spielhagen, and J. Wollenburg for helpful discussion of Arctic cores, M. Yasuhara, E.I. Schornikov and A. Stepanova for ostracode discussions, L Cooper, R. Gradinger, and J. Grebmeier for Arctic ecosystem and Gammarus data, J. Farmer for graphics, and two anonymous reviewers for comments. Funded by US Geological Survey Global Change Program (TMC) and National Science Foundation (WMB, Jr., NSF OPP-9400255). NR 87 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 25-26 SI SI BP 3415 EP 3429 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.024 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 686VK UT WOS:000284724400006 ER PT J AU Writer, JH Barber, LB Brown, GK Taylor, HE Kiesling, RL Ferrey, ML Jahns, ND Bartell, SE Schoenfuss, HL AF Writer, Jeffrey H. Barber, Larry B. Brown, Greg K. Taylor, Howard E. Kiesling, Richard L. Ferrey, Mark L. Jahns, Nathan D. Bartell, Steve E. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI Anthropogenic tracers, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and endocrine disruption in Minnesota lakes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-estradiol; Bisphenol A; 4-nonylphenol; Endocrine disruption; Non-point sources; Lakes ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; TREATMENT-PLANT EFFLUENT; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; SURFACE-WATER; SEWAGE CONTAMINATION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; UNITED-STATES AB Concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals and endocrine disruption in fish were determined in 11 lakes across Minnesota that represent a range of trophic conditions and land uses (urban agricultural residential and forested) and in which wastewater treatment plant discharges were absent Water sediment and passive polar organic integrative samplers (POCIS) were analyzed for steroidal hormones alkylphenols bisphenol A, and other organic and inorganic molecular tracers to evaluate potential non-point source inputs into the lakes Resident fish from the lakes were collected and caged male fathead minnows were deployed to evaluate endocrine disruption as indicated by the biological endpoints of plasma vitellogenin and gonadal histology Endocrine disrupting chemicals including bisphenol A 17 beta-estradiol estrone and 4-nonylphenol were detected in 90% of the lakes at part per trillion concentrations Endocrine disruption was observed in caged fathead minnows and resident fish in 90% of the lakes The widespread but variable occurrence of anthropogenic chemicals in the lakes and endocrine disruption in fish indicates that potential sources are diverse not limited to wastewater treatment plant discharges and not entirely predictable based on trophic status and land use Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Barber, Larry B.; Brown, Greg K.; Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Kiesling, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Ferrey, Mark L.] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Jahns, Nathan D.; Bartell, Steve E.; Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 FU USGS; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency FX We thank the lake property owners, Phil Monson (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency) James Gray, Shelia Murphy, Steffanie Keefe Olivia Woodruff Laura Murphy Chris Sanocki, David Roth, Ron Antweiler and Terry Plowman (USGS), and students in the St Cloud State University Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory (Brandon Johnson Luke Vierkant Tim Loes, Meghan Painter, Katie Hyndman Beth Poganski Megan Buerkley and John Roos) This work was supported by the USGS National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Use of trade names is for identification purposes and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 70 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691HM UT WOS:000285070900012 PM 20970168 ER PT J AU Drew, LJ Grunsky, EC Sutphin, DM Woodruff, LG AF Drew, Lawrence J. Grunsky, Eric C. Sutphin, David M. Woodruff, Laurel G. TI Multivariate analysis of the geochemistry and mineralogy of soils along two continental-scale transects in North America SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil geochemistry; Continental-scale patterns; Multivariate analysis; Compositional data; Modification of parent material; Effects of geology climate and anthropogenic factors ID UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPES PROJECT; COMPOSITIONAL DATA; CANADA; LOESS AB Soils collected in 2004 along two North American continental-scale transects were subjected to geochemical and mineralogical analyses In previous interpretations of these analyses data were expressed in weight percent and parts per million and thus were subject to the effect of the constant-sum phenomenon In a new approach to the data this effect was removed by using centered log-ratio transformations to open the mineralogical and geochemical arrays Multivariate analyses including principal component and linear discriminant analyses of the centered log-ratio data reveal the effects of soil-forming processes including soil parent material weathering and soil age at the continental-scale of the data arrays that were not readily apparent in the more conventionally presented data Linear discriminant analysis of the data arrays indicates that the majority of the soil samples collected along the transects can be more successfully classified with Level 1 ecological regional-scale classification by the soil geochemistry than soil mineralogy A primary objective of this study is to discover and describe, in a parsimonious way geochemical processes that are both independent and inter-dependent and manifested through compositional data including estimates of the elements and corresponding mineralogy Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Drew, Lawrence J.; Sutphin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Grunsky, Eric C.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Woodruff, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. RP Drew, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.004 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691HM UT WOS:000285070900025 PM 20952047 ER PT J AU Hotaling, AS Percival, HF Kitchens, WM Kasbohm, JW AF Hotaling, Althea S. Percival, H. Franklin Kitchens, Wiley M. Kasbohm, John W. TI The Persistence of Endangered Florida Salt Marsh Voles in Salt Marshes of the Central Florida Gulf Coast SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Two endangered Microtus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli (Florida Salt Marsh Vole) were captured at a new location, in February of 2009, at Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge. Since the species discovery in 1979, only 43 Florida Salt Marsh Voles (hereafter FSM Vole) have been captured. Outside of the type locality, this is only the second documented location for the FSM Vole. Given the difficulty in trapping this species and the lack of information about its life history, its discovery in a new location lends itself to the possibility that it is more widespread in the Central Florida Gulf Coast than previously thought. Although much of the salt marsh in the area is in public ownership, a good deal of it has already been altered by logging or development and is threatened by global climate change. More research is needed to adequately protect and manage the habitat for the FSM Vole. A study of FSM Vole coastal salt marsh habitat could also serve as a valuable monitoring tool for subtle changes in salt marsh habitats as global climate change progresses. C1 [Hotaling, Althea S.; Percival, H. Franklin; Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, USGS Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32511 USA. [Kasbohm, John W.] Lower Suwannee & Cedar Keys Natl Wildlife Refuge, Chiefland, FL 32626 USA. RP Hotaling, AS (reprint author), Univ Florida, USGS Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 110485,Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32511 USA. EM theah@ufl.edu FU US Geological Survey FX Funding was provided through the Quick Response Program of the US Geological Survey. We would like to thank Scotland Talley, Melissa Tucker, and Billy Brooks for their review of the manuscript and for providing information on past FSM Vole trapping efforts, and field technician Amy Witt for her help with data collection. We also appreciate the help of the staff of Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge, who hosted us and helped with field logistics. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 795 EP 802 DI 10.1656/058.009.0413 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24GA UT WOS:000208397700013 ER PT J AU Miller, MR Takekawa, JY Battaglia, DS Golightly, RT Perry, WM AF Miller, Michael R. Takekawa, John Y. Battaglia, Daniel S. Golightly, Richard T. Perry, William M. TI SPRING MIGRATION AND SUMMER DESTINATIONS OF NORTHERN PINTAILS FROM THE COAST OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE TELEMETRY; POPULATION; ALASKA; GEESE; TRANSMITTERS; PERFORMANCE; SURVIVAL; ACCURACY; BEHAVIOR; ROUTES AB To examine pathways timing and destinations during migration in spring we attached satellite monitored transmitters (platform transmitting terminals) to 10 northern pintails (Anus acuta) during February 2001 at Point Mugu Ventura County California This is a wintering area on the southern coast of California We obtained locations from five adult males and three adult females every 3rd day through August Average date of departure from the wintering area was 15 March (SF = 3 days) We documented extended stopovers of >= 30 days for several northern pintails that could have accommodated nesting attempts (San Joaquin Valley southwestern Montana southern Alberta north central Nevada) or post nesting molt (eastern Oregon south-central Saskatchewan northern Alaska central Alberta) Wintering northern pintails from the southern coast of California used a wide range of routes nesting areas and schedules during migration in spring which was consistent with the larger wintering population in the Central Valley of California Therefore conservation of habitat that is targeted at stopover nesting and molting areas will benefit survival and management of both wintering populations C1 [Miller, Michael R.; Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.; Battaglia, Daniel S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Golightly, Richard T.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Miller, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. FU United States Department of Defense United States Navy Base Point Mugu (T Keeney) FX We thank M L Casazza for assistance in rocket netting and attachment of PTTs G Martinelli for assistance with trapping K. B Gustafson for preparation of maps and F Mejia for Spanish translation of the abstract We thank B Hartman and B Kohlmeir of the duck club at Ventura County Game Preserve for permission to trap northern pintails on their property M R McLandress of the California Waterfowl Association arranged initial contact with the duck club The United States Department of Defense United States Navy Base Point Mugu (T Keeney) provided funding We thank D A Haukos and J E Austin for thorough reviews that Improved the manuscript The use of trade names names of products or names of firms in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1894/KF-11.1 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703CQ UT WOS:000285952100004 ER PT J AU Caires, AM Vinson, MR Brasher, AMD AF Caires, Andrea M. Vinson, Mark R. Brasher, Anne M. D. TI IMPACTS OF HIKERS ON AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES IN THE NORTH FORK OF THE VIRGIN RIVER UTAH SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID STREAM MACROINVERTEBRATES; MAYFLY NYMPHS; EPHEMEROPTERA; DISTURBANCE; DRIFT; ASSEMBLAGES; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; GENERA; SIZE AB Effects of an stream hiking on benthic standing stocks and drifting aquatic invertebrates and on organic matter were examined in the North Folk of the Virgin Riser Lion National Park Washington County Utah Densities of drifting aquatic invertebrates and organic matter increased with increasing numbers of Yokels and leached a threshold level at high numbers of hikers However there was no apparent longer term effect on standing stocks of benthic invertebrates or on organic matter Densities of benthic invertebrates and organic matter did not differ among sites Results suggest that in stream hiking in the North Folk of the Virgin River Increases drifting by invertebrates but invertebrates from nearby undisturbed patches readily colonize Impacted reaches C1 [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Brasher, Anne M. D.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Caires, Andrea M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Caires, AM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. FU National Park Service Zion FX This study was funded by the National Park Service Zion National Park provided facilities and resources that made this project possible D Sharrow and R O Neil assisted with logistics M Freeman E Dinger M Tagg J Kotynek and D Axford provided assistance in identification of invertebrates L Graf edited the paper NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1894/JS-33.1 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703CQ UT WOS:000285952100011 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Nagler, PL Huete, AR AF Glenn, Edward P. Nagler, Pamela L. Huete, Alfredo R. TI Vegetation Index Methods for Estimating Evapotranspiration by Remote Sensing SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE NDVI; Enhanced Vegetation Index; Fluxnet; MODIS; Remote sensing ID LAND-SURFACE EVAPORATION; BASAL CROP COEFFICIENTS; COLORADO RIVER DELTA; MODIS SATELLITE DATA; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RIPARIAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is the largest term after precipitation in terrestrial water budgets. Accurate estimates of ET are needed for numerous agricultural and natural resource management tasks and to project changes in hydrological cycles due to potential climate change. We explore recent methods that combine vegetation indices (VI) from satellites with ground measurements of actual ET (ETa) and meteorological data to project ETa over a wide range of biome types and scales of measurement, from local to global estimates. The majority of these use time-series imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on the Terra satellite to project ET over seasons and years. The review explores the theoretical basis for the methods, the types of ancillary data needed, and their accuracy and limitations. Coefficients of determination between modeled ETa and measured ETa are in the range of 0.45-0.95, and root mean square errors are in the range of 10-30% of mean ETa values across biomes, similar to methods that use thermal infrared bands to estimate ETa and within the range of accuracy of the ground measurements by which they are calibrated or validated. The advent of frequent-return satellites such as Terra and planed replacement platforms, and the increasing number of moisture and carbon flux tower sites over the globe, have made these methods feasible. Examples of operational algorithms for ET in agricultural and natural ecosystems are presented. The goal of the review is to enable potential end-users from different disciplines to adapt these methods to new applications that require spatially-distributed ET estimates. C1 [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Huete, Alfredo R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Huete, Alfredo R.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu; pnagler@usgs.gov; ahuete@ag.arizona.edu RI Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 112 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 8 U2 105 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 EI 1573-0956 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 6 BP 531 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s10712-010-9102-2 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 681LY UT WOS:000284318100001 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, J Skipp, G Prospero, JM Patterson, D Bettis, EA AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James Skipp, Gary Prospero, Joseph M. Patterson, DeAnna Bettis, E. Arthur, III TI Geochemical and mineralogical evidence for Sahara and Sahel dust additions to Quaternary soils on Lanzarote, eastern Canary Islands, Spain SO TERRA NOVA LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; EARLY HUMAN OCCUPATION; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; AFRICAN DUST; CHRONOMETRICAL EVIDENCE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; WIND REGIMES; WEST-AFRICA; ND AB Africa is the most important source of dust in the world today, and dust storms are frequent on the nearby Canary Islands. Previous workers have inferred that the Sahara is the most important source of dust to Canary Islands soils, with little contribution from the Sahel region. Soils overlying a late Quaternary basalt flow on Lanzarote, Canary Islands, contain, in addition to volcanic minerals, quartz and mica, exotic to the island's bedrock. Kaolinite in the soils also likely has an exotic origin. Trace-element geochemistry shows that the soils are derived from varying proportions of locally derived basalt and African dust. Major-element geochemistry, clay mineralogy and interpretation of satellite imagery suggest that dust additions to the Canary Islands come not only from the Sahara Desert, but also from the Sahel region. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Budahn, James; Skipp, Gary] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Prospero, Joseph M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Patterson, DeAnna] ATA Serv Inc, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Bettis, E. Arthur, III] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov OI Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 FU US Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the Global Change Program of the US Geological Survey and is a contribution to the 'Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal and Eolian Landscapes' project (http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/info/eolian/). We appreciate the efforts of Zachary Muhs Rowland, who ably assisted with field work. Many thanks to Dr Joaquin Meco (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) and his family members, who taught us the local Quaternary geology and were gracious hosts while we visited the islands. A sampling permit was kindly provided by Dr Maria Aranzazu Gutierrez Avila, Directora General de Cooperacion y Patrimonio Cultural, Gobierno de Canarias. Sincere thanks also to Dr Ludwig Zoller and Dr Hans Von Suchodoletz who introduced us to the geology of Lanzarote. We thank Max Coleman, Vincenzo Pascucci, Randy Schaetzl, Yehouda Enzel, Paul Carrara, Jeff Pigati, Gene Ellis and three anonymous reviewers who read an earlier version of the paper and made helpful comments for its improvement. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0954-4879 EI 1365-3121 J9 TERRA NOVA JI Terr. Nova PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2010.00949.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 677JR UT WOS:000283988300002 ER PT J AU Puskas, RB Fischer, JW Swope, CB Dunbar, MR McLean, RG Root, JJ AF Puskas, Robert B. Fischer, Justin W. Swope, Craig B. Dunbar, Mike R. McLean, Robert G. Root, J. Jeffrey TI Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Movements and Dispersal Associated with Ridges and Valleys of Pennsylvania: Implications for Rabies Management SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE landscape; movements; Pennsylvania; Procyon lotor; rabies; raccoon ID UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; SURVEILLANCE; VIRGINIA; ONTARIO AB The raccoon (Procyon lotor) continues to be a prominent terrestrial rabies reservoir in the eastern United States. Describing the dispersal and movements of these animals and determining geographic features that are natural hindrances or corridors to movements could be used to assist oral rabies vaccination efforts. The landscape of the ridge-and-valley system in Pennsylvania exhibits characteristics of both natural potential hindrances and travel corridors to the movements of wildlife. The movements of 49 raccoons were monitored throughout a ridge and two adjacent valley sites to assess their movements related to these landscape features. Results suggest that few raccoons cross the ridge we studied over the short-term and that long-distance movements of these animals are uncommon in this region. Consequently, movement corridors within the ridge were largely confined to spur valleys within the ridge system. These results may be useful in strategic oral rabies vaccination programs in Pennsylvania and other areas where natural hindrances and travel corridors to movement are identified. C1 [Fischer, Justin W.; Dunbar, Mike R.; McLean, Robert G.; Root, J. Jeffrey] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Puskas, Robert B.; Swope, Craig B.] Penn Wildlife Serv, USDA, Bolivar, PA USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We are indebted to A. Hess, B. Zahuranic, E. Swope, J. Duncan, T. Roland, and other Pennsylvania Wildlife Services personnel for trapping and logistical assistance. We thank C. Fulcomer for veterinary services, K. MacCarthy for trapping assistance, and many public and private land stewards for allowing us access to their lands. In addition, we thank many Pennsylvania Game Commission personnel for their assistance in this study, and J. Larkin for assistance with aerial telemetry and equipment loans. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1043 EP 1048 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0079 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 689TL UT WOS:000284952100013 PM 20455781 ER PT J AU Niemuth, ND Wangler, B Reynolds, RE AF Niemuth, Neal D. Wangler, Brian Reynolds, Ronald E. TI Spatial and Temporal Variation in Wet Area of Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and South Dakota SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Surface water variability; Waterfowl; Wildlife ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION; WATERFOWL POPULATIONS; LAND-USE; DROUGHT; VULNERABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; HYDROLOGY; FRAMEWORK; DENSITY AB Because of their sensitivity to temperature and precipitation, wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) are predicted to undergo changes in number, wet area, and hydroperiod as a result of climate change. However, existing PPR wetland monitoring programs are insufficient to accurately describe broad-scale variation in hydrology that might obscure signals of climate change. We assessed spatial and temporal patterns in wet area of similar to 40,000 wetland basins sampled each May from 1988-2007 in the U.S. PPR. The percentage of basins containing water, the wet area of basins relative to a baseline, the coefficient of variation of wet area of basins, and correlations of wet area values with values from previous years all varied temporally, spatially, and among water regimes that characterized annual duration of surface inundation. High variability in wetness suggests that monitoring programs designed to detect changes in PPR wetlands due to climate change must be implemented over broad spatiotemporal scales and consider natural and anthropogenic factors that influence water levels to be able to distinguish directional change from natural variation. Ancillary information such as annual indices of water conditions can greatly enhance the value of wetland classification schemes such as that used in the National Wetlands Inventory. C1 [Niemuth, Neal D.; Wangler, Brian; Reynolds, Ronald E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM Neal_Niemuth@fws.gov NR 50 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1064 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0111-1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691QH UT WOS:000285095400005 ER PT J AU McIvor, CC Silverman, NL AF McIvor, Carole C. Silverman, Noah L. TI Modifications to the bottomless lift net for sampling nekton in tidal mangrove forests SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Clearing efficiency; Everglades National Park; Modified lift net; Nekton; Riverine mangroves; Vegetated intertidal zone ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISHES; BAY; CRUSTACEANS; DENSITIES; AUSTRALIA; HABITATS; MARSHES AB Sampling fishes in vegetated intertidal wetlands is logistically challenging. We modified the 2 x 3-m(2) bottomless lift net developed for sampling nekton (fish and decapod crustaceans) on the surface of salt marshes for use in tidal mangrove forests with a woody (as opposed to herbaceous) underground root system. As originally designed (Rozas, Mar Ecol Prog Ser 89:287-292, 1992), the lift net was buried directly in the marsh substrate. The net was raised at slack high tide thereby encircling nekton within the enclosed area. A chain-line on the net bottom prevented escape under the net once deployed. However, when we used this same design in tidal mangrove forests, the extensive woody roots and occasional slumping sediments resulted in uneven trenches that could not be cleared effectively during sample recovery. We made 3 modifications to the original net design: (i) lined the peat trenches with aluminum channels of uniform width and depth; (ii) replaced the previous chain-line with Velcro closures that directly attached the net to the inner face of the outer wall of the aluminum channel; and (iii) removed the subtidal pan previously used for concentrating the enclosed nekton at low tide, and filled in those depressions with on-site peat. In the modified version, the aluminum trench became the only subtidal refuge available to nekton, and it was from here that we collected the sample after the forest drained. These modifications permitted high clearing efficiency (93-100%) of fin-clipped individuals of two common species of estuarine resident fishes, Kryptolebias marmoratus (mangrove rivulus) and Bathygobius soporator (frillfin goby). Additionally, the density estimates of grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) increased 10-fold post-modification. C1 [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33715 USA. [Silverman, Noah L.] ETI Professionals, Tampa, FL 33634 USA. RP McIvor, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33715 USA. EM carole_mcivor@usgs.gov FU USGS, Florida Integrated Science Center; US Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was funded by the USGS, Florida Integrated Science Center through the Priority Ecosystem Science program, and by the US Army Corps of Engineers through the MAP RECOVER program for Everglades Restoration. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 627 EP 635 DI 10.1007/s11273-010-9184-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 685QQ UT WOS:000284643600001 ER PT J AU Gunzburger, MS Hughes, WB Barichivich, WJ Staiger, JS AF Gunzburger, Margaret S. Hughes, William B. Barichivich, William J. Staiger, Jennifer S. TI Hurricane storm surge and amphibian communities in coastal wetlands of northwestern Florida SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conductivity; Salinity; Amphibian; Anuran; Caudate ID ROAD DEICING SALT; CRAB-EATING FROG; FRESH-WATER; RANA-CANCRIVORA; HABITAT GRADIENT; FOREST FROGS; PUERTO-RICO; SALINITY; IMPACT; LEPTODACTYLIDAE AB Isolated wetlands in the Southeastern United States are dynamic habitats subject to fluctuating environmental conditions. Wetlands located near marine environments are subject to alterations in water chemistry due to storm surge during hurricanes. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of storm surge overwash on wetland amphibian communities. Thirty-two wetlands in northwestern Florida were sampled over a 45-month period to assess amphibian species richness and water chemistry. During this study, seven wetlands were overwashed by storm surge from Hurricane Dennis which made landfall 10 July 2005 in the Florida panhandle. This event allowed us to evaluate the effect of storm surge overwash on water chemistry and amphibian communities of the wetlands. Specific conductance across all wetlands was low pre-storm (<100 mu S/cm), but increased post-storm at the overwashed wetlands (<(x)over bar> = 7,613 mu S/cm). Increased specific conductance was strongly correlated with increases in chloride concentrations. Amphibian species richness showed no correlation with specific conductance. One month post-storm we observed slightly fewer species in overwashed compared with non-overwashed wetlands, but this trend did not continue in 2006. More species were detected across all wetlands pre-storm, but there was no difference between overwashed and non-overwashed wetlands when considering all amphibian species or adult anurans and larval anurans separately. Amphibian species richness did not appear to be correlated with pH or presence of fish although the amphibian community composition differed between wetlands with and without fish. Our results suggest that amphibian communities in wetlands in the southeastern United States adjacent to marine habitats are resistant to the effects of storm surge overwash. C1 [Gunzburger, Margaret S.] Nokuse Plantat, Bruce, FL 32455 USA. [Gunzburger, Margaret S.; Barichivich, William J.; Staiger, Jennifer S.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hughes, William B.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Gunzburger, MS (reprint author), Nokuse Plantat, 13292 Co Hwy 3280, Bruce, FL 32455 USA. EM phaeognathus@gmail.com FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; USGS Bureau FX We thank James Burnett, Joe Reinman and Michael Keys of SMNWR. For assistance with amphibian field sampling we thank Steve Johnson, Linda Casey, Julia Earl, Denise Gregoire, Clint Smith, Andy Sheldon, Linda Sheldon, David Cook, Kevin Enge, Matthew Aresco, and Pierson Hill. Sue Hartley, Dan Calhoun, Mindi Dalton, Alan Cressler, and Deedee Black assisted with water sampling. C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr., Erin Muths, Steve Lawrence, and Matthew Aresco provided comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. This research was funded by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative and a USGS Bureau Venture Capital Grant to MSG and WBH. Research was conducted under SMNWR Special Use Permit 41640-02011 and USGS IACUC Protocol # 2006-04. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s11273-010-9185-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 685QQ UT WOS:000284643600003 ER PT J AU Takekawa, JY Woo, I Athearn, ND Demers, S Gardiner, RJ Perry, WM Ganju, NK Shellenbarger, GG Schoellhamer, DH AF Takekawa, John Y. Woo, Isa Athearn, Nicole D. Demers, Scott Gardiner, Rachel J. Perry, William M. Ganju, Neil K. Shellenbarger, Gregory G. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Measuring sediment accretion in early tidal marsh restoration (vol 18, pg 297, 2010) SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Takekawa, John Y.; Woo, Isa; Athearn, Nicole D.; Demers, Scott; Gardiner, Rachel J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.; Shellenbarger, Gregory G.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 755 EP 755 DI 10.1007/s11273-010-9202-2 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 685QQ UT WOS:000284643600011 ER PT J AU Goulding, W Martin, TE AF Goulding, William Martin, Thomas E. TI BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE GOLDEN-FACED TYRANNULET (ZIMMERIUS CHRYSOPS) IN VENEZUELA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FLYCATCHER SUIRIRI-ISLERORUM; NEST PREDATION; TYRANT-FLYCATCHERS; AVIAN INCUBATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; NATURAL-HISTORY; WORLD TROPICS AB We present the first detailed information on the breeding biology of the Golden-faced Tyrannulet (Zimmerius cluysops). Information was gathered from 96 nests in Yacambu National Park, Venezuela during the 2002 to 2008 breeding seasons. The enclosed nest was similar to descriptions of nests of other species in the genus. Eggs were laid on alternate days with mean (+/- SE) clutch size of 1.98 +/- 0.02 (n = 45) and fresh weight of 1.616 +/- 0.020 g (n = 48). Only the female incubated and the incubation period averaged 16.9 +/- 0.3 days (n = 10). Nest attentiveness (% time on the nest) averaged 66.0 +/- 1.6% (n = 40) and increased from early to mid- and late-incubation. Incubation behavior yielded an average 24-hr egg temperature of 34.88 +/- 0.45 degrees C (n = 7 nests, 43 days). The nestling growth rate constant for body mass (k = 0.285 +/- 0.011) was slow even for tropical tyrannids. The nestling period for nests where exact hatch and fledging clays were observed ranged from 17 to 19 days with an average of 18.0 +/- 0. 2 days (n = 9). Both females and males fed nestlings at a rate that increased over the nestling period with a mean of 4.41 +/- 0.65 trips/hr (n = 10) during days I and 2 after hatching, and 14.93 +/- 2.36 trips/hr (n = 6) at pin-break (days 10-11). Daily predation rates were similar in egg-laying (0.052 +/- 0.025; n = 76.5 exposure days) and incubation periods (0.068 +/- 0.010; n = 575.5 exposure days), but were lower during the nestling period (0.039 +/- 0.010; n = 377.0 exposure days). The total daily predation rate (0.057 +/- 0.007; n = 989.0 exposure days) indicated only 12% of nests were successful. These breeding biology parameters for Z. chrysops differ substantially from other tyrant-flycatchers and temperate species, further highlighting the diversity within the Tyrannidae. Received 12 December 2009. Accepted 24 May 2010. C1 [Goulding, William; Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM willgoulding@yahoo.com.au RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU NSF [DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764] FX We thank L. A. Biancucci, Karolina Fierro-Calderon, A. M. Niklison, M. J. Foguet, A. A. Majewska, and R. A. Ruggera for discussions and assistance in the field. We also thank John Kanowski, Elena Arriero, Martine Maron, and C. A. McAlpine for help with the manuscript. This study was made possible in part by support under NSF grants DEB-0543178 and DEB-0841764 to T. E. Martin. Permit numbers were DM/0000237 from FONACIT, PA-INP-005-2004 from INPARQUES, and 01-03-03-1147 from Ministerio del Ambiente. Specific equipment identities are provided to aid specific methods and do not represent an endorsement of these companies by USGS. NR 82 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 122 IS 4 BP 689 EP 698 DI 10.1676/09-196.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 692RY UT WOS:000285174000007 ER PT J AU Kozlowski, CP Hahn, DC AF Kozlowski, Corinne P. Hahn, D. Caldwell TI DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN SERUM ANDROGEN LEVELS OF EASTERN SCREECH-OWLS (MEGASCOPS ASIO) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS; CHALLENGE HYPOTHESIS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; JAPANESE-QUAIL; TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS; NESTLING TESTOSTERONE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; MATERNAL CONDITION; STEROID-HORMONES; SINGING BEHAVIOR AB We studied androgen production during development in nestling Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio) and hypothesized that gender and hatch order might influence serum levels of testosterone and androstenedione. Testosterone levels were highest immediately after hatching and declined significantly in the 4 weeks leading to fledging. The average level of testosterone for 1-7 day-old owls was 3.99 +/- 0.68 ng/ml. At 22-28 days of age, the average testosterone level for nestling owls was 0.83 +/- 0.18 ng/ml. Testosterone levels did not differ between males or females. The average testosterone level for male nestlings was 2.23 +/- 0.29 ng/ml and 2.39 +/- 0.56 ng/ml for female nestlings. The average level of androstenedione for nestling owls was 1.92 +/- 0.11 ng/ml and levels remained constant throughout development. Levels were significantly higher in males than females. The average androstenedione level was 1.77 +/- 0.16 ng/ml for male nestlings and 1.05 +/- 0.24 ng/ml for female nestlings. Hatching order did not affect levels of either androgen. Our results provide a foundation for future studies of androgen production by nestling owls. Received 19 January 2010. Accepted 30 June 2010. C1 [Kozlowski, Corinne P.] St Louis Zoo, Res Dept, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Kozlowski, Corinne P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Hahn, D. Caldwell] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kozlowski, CP (reprint author), St Louis Zoo, Res Dept, 1 Govt Dr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM corinnekozlowski@umsl.edu FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Maryland Ornithological Society; American Museum of Natural History; Sigma Xi FX We thank USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and G. W. Smith for use of the owl colony and research support to DCH, and the Maryland Ornithological Society, American Museum of Natural History Frank W. Chapman Fund. and Sigma Xi for research support to CPK. We thank J. E. Bauman and the St. Louis Zoo Research Department for access to endocrinology laboratory facilities and R. E. Ricklefs for access to genetic laboratory facilities. We thank W. C. Bauer and M. M. Maxie for care of the owls. and Kelly Amy and Nathan Rolls for assistance in collecting blood samples. Helpful reviews of the manuscript were provided by B. A. Rattner. D. J. Hoffman, J. J. Atwood, and two anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 122 IS 4 BP 755 EP 761 DI 10.1676/10-014.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 692RY UT WOS:000285174000014 ER PT J AU Knopf, FL AF Knopf, Fritz L. TI Composition Dynamics of an Avian Assemblage SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; SCALE PERSPECTIVES; WILLOW FLYCATCHERS; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; HABITATS AB I summarize the 10-year composition dynamics of a riparian avifauna on the Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, USA. Only 15 of the 89 breeding bird species (19,393 individuals) were present each of the 10 years whereas 25 species were only recorded in a single year. Number of species in any given year ranged from 30 to 57 (34 to 64% of the 10-year cumulative species total). The number of species detected >1 and <10 years represented over half of all species with no pattern of either increasing or decreasing across years of study. Short-term definitions of species richness preclude the ability to define the major dynamic within an avian assemblage species that use the site an intermediate number of years. Understanding the ecological prerequisites for these species should provide greater insight into current physical habitat and climate changes occurring on-site. Received 16 February 2010. Accepted 24 June 2010. C1 [Knopf, Fritz L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Ecol Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Knopf, FL (reprint author), 713 Boulder Circle, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM FL.Knopf@Yahoo.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 122 IS 4 BP 767 EP 771 DI 10.1676/10-023.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 692RY UT WOS:000285174000016 ER PT J AU Robinson, GL Conway, CJ Kirkpatrick, C LaRoche, DD AF Robinson, Gabrielle L. Conway, Courtney J. Kirkpatrick, Chris LaRoche, Dominic D. TI Response to Nestling Throat Ligatures by Three Songbirds SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD AB We attempted to collect diet samples using throat ligatures from nestlings of three songbird species in a riparian woodland in southeastern Arizona from May to August 2009. We had success with Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), observed adult Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria sirens) reclaim food from nestlings, and discontinued the use of throat ligatures when we observed an adult Abert's Towhee (Pipilo aberti) remove two, 3-4-day-old ligatured nestlings from its nest. Previous studies have reported problems (e.g., aggression toward nestlings by adults) with throat ligatures, but we are the first to document removal (and subsequent nestling mortality) in response to this technique. We urge investigators to exercise caution when using throat ligatures on species for which evidence of the safety and efficacy of this method are lacking, especially when nestlings are small in size relative to adults. Received 18 February 2010. Accepted 29 April 2010. C1 [Robinson, Gabrielle L.; Conway, Courtney J.; Kirkpatrick, Chris; LaRoche, Dominic D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@usgs.gov FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; Wildlife Conservation Fund; U.S. Geological Survey; Park Oriented FX We thank J. M. Moss and Lisa Carrico (U.S. Park Service, Tumacacori National Historical Park) for logistical support. Funding was provided by the Arizona Game and Fish Department from a Wildlife Conservation Fund grant and U.S. Geological Survey from a Park Oriented Biological Support grant. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 122 IS 4 BP 806 EP 809 DI 10.1676/10-026.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 692RY UT WOS:000285174000026 ER PT J AU Geissler, PE Sullivan, R Golombek, M Johnson, JR Herkenhoff, K Bridges, N Vaughan, A Maki, J Parker, T Bell, J AF Geissler, P. E. Sullivan, R. Golombek, M. Johnson, J. R. Herkenhoff, K. Bridges, N. Vaughan, A. Maki, J. Parker, T. Bell, J. TI Gone with the wind: Eolian erasure of the Mars Rover tracks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; LANDING SITE; CRATER AB The wheel tracks left by the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity are unique artificial markings on the surface of Mars. The tracks stretch several kilometers across diverse terrain in two widely separated regions of the planet. The initial appearance and characteristics of the tracks were well documented by the science and navigation cameras aboard the vehicles at the time the tracks were formed. Orbital observations by Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter document the erasure of the tracks over a period of more than 2 Mars years. Close-up examinations of track crossings, where the rovers encountered tracks made hundreds of Martian solar days earlier, provide insights into the mechanisms and time scales of eolian alteration on Mars. These observations suggest that fallout of atmospheric dust plays only a minor role in obscuring rover tracks over time. Instead, track erasure is dominated by sediment that is transported by surface winds. Both deposition and erosion act to erase the rover tracks. The length scales for eolian sediment transport are hundreds of meters at least, much larger than the size of the tracks. Gradual processes such as dust devils and sand saltation have minor effects that can nonetheless erase rover tracks over long time periods. However, short-lived strong wind events associated with seasonal dust storms have much more pronounced effects, significantly altering the tracks on time scales of days. These episodic strong winds tend to occur annually during the perihelion season. The time scale for track erasure is typically only 1 Martian year. C1 [Geissler, P. E.; Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K.; Vaughan, A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Sullivan, R.; Bell, J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Golombek, M.; Maki, J.; Parker, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bridges, N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Geissler, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pgeissler@usgs.gov; rjs33@cornell.edu; mgolombek@jpl.nasa.gov; jrjohnson@usgs.gov; kherkenhoff@usgs.gov; nathan.bridges@jhuapl.edu; afvaughan@usgs.gov; timothy.j.parker@jpl.nasa.gov; jfb8@cornell.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00F11 DI 10.1029/2010JE003674 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QO UT WOS:000285019500001 ER PT J AU Fee, D Garces, M Patrick, M Chouet, B Dawson, P Swanson, D AF Fee, David Garces, Milton Patrick, Matt Chouet, Bernard Dawson, Phil Swanson, Don TI Infrasonic harmonic tremor and degassing bursts from Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; STROMBOLIAN EXPLOSIONS; ERUPTION; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; WAVES AB The formation, evolution, collapse, and subsequent resurrection of a vent within Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, produced energetic and varied degassing signals recorded by a nearby infrasound array between 2008 and early 2009. After 25 years of quiescence, a vent-clearing explosive burst on 19 March 2008 produced a clear, complex acoustic signal. Near-continuous harmonic infrasonic tremor followed this burst until 4 December 2008, when a period of decreased degassing occurred. The tremor spectra suggest volume oscillation and reverberation of a shallow gas-filled cavity beneath the vent. The dominant tremor peak can be sustained through Helmholtz oscillations of the cavity, while the secondary tremor peak and overtones are interpreted assuming acoustic resonance. The dominant tremor frequency matches the oscillation frequency of the gas emanating from the vent observed by video. Tremor spectra and power are also correlated with cavity geometry and dynamics, with the cavity depth estimated at similar to 219 m and volume similar to 3 x 10(6) m(3) in November 2008. Over 21 varied degassing bursts were observed with extended burst durations and frequency content consistent with a transient release of gas exciting the cavity into resonance. Correlation of infrasound with seismicity suggests an open system connecting the atmosphere to the seismic excitation process at depth. Numerous degassing bursts produced very long period (0.03-0.1 Hz) infrasound, the first recorded at Kilauea, indicative of long-duration atmospheric accelerations. Kilauea infrasound appears controlled by the exsolution of gas from the magma, and the interaction of this gas with the conduits and cavities confining it. C1 [Fee, David; Garces, Milton] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Infrasound Lab, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Chouet, Bernard; Dawson, Phil] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fee, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dfee@gi.alaska.edu FU NSF [EAR-0609669] FX Countless conversations with Robin Matoza helped formalize some of the ideas and text. Darren Hart gratefully assisted with developing the code for deconvolving the sensor response. This work would not be possible without the invaluable help from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, particularly Frank Trusdell for hosting the array, Jeff Sutton for providing the gas concentrations, and conversations with Tim Orr and David Wilson. James Robertson and David Whilldin helped with field work and data collection. This manuscript was thoughtfully improved by reviews from Larry Mastin, Stephanie Prejean, James Kauahikaua, and two anonymous reviewers. This project was supported by NSF grant EAR-0609669. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B11316 DI 10.1029/2010JB007642 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QW UT WOS:000285020300002 ER PT J AU Gotelli, NJ Dorazio, RM Ellison, AM Grossman, GD AF Gotelli, Nicholas J. Dorazio, Robert M. Ellison, Aaron M. Grossman, Gary D. TI Detecting temporal trends in species assemblages with bootstrapping procedures and hierarchical models SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE temporal trends; species abundance; null model; hierarchical model; stream fishes; grassland insects ID STREAM FISH ASSEMBLAGE; COMMUNITY; BIODIVERSITY; ORGANIZATION; RICHNESS; STOCHASTICITY; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; FRAMEWORK; FOREST AB Quantifying patterns of temporal trends in species assemblages is an important analytical challenge in community ecology. We describe methods of analysis that can be applied to a matrix of counts of individuals that is organized by species (rows) and time-ordered sampling periods (columns). We first developed a bootstrapping procedure to test the null hypothesis of random sampling from a stationary species abundance distribution with temporally varying sampling probabilities. This procedure can be modified to account for undetected species. We next developed a hierarchical model to estimate species-specific trends in abundance while accounting for species-specific probabilities of detection. We analysed two long-term datasets on stream fishes and grassland insects to demonstrate these methods. For both assemblages, the bootstrap test indicated that temporal trends in abundance were more heterogeneous than expected under the null model. We used the hierarchical model to estimate trends in abundance and identified sets of species in each assemblage that were steadily increasing, decreasing or remaining constant in abundance over more than a decade of standardized annual surveys. Our methods of analysis are broadly applicable to other ecological datasets, and they represent an advance over most existing procedures, which do not incorporate effects of incomplete sampling and imperfect detection. C1 [Gotelli, Nicholas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Scu Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Grossman, Gary D.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Gotelli, NJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM ngotelli@uvm.edu OI Ellison, Aaron/0000-0003-4151-6081 FU U.S. National Sciences Foundation (NSF) [NSF DEB-0541936]; U.S. Department of Energy [022 821]; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) [GEO-00 144-MS]; NSF [06-20 443]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; USDA through NSF [EF-0832858]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX We thank Anne Chao and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. N.J.G. was supported by the U.S. National Sciences Foundation (NSF DEB-0541936) and the U.S. Department of Energy (022 821). G.D.G. was supported by the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service McIntire-Stennis program grant GEO-00 144-MS. Portions of this work represent a contribution from the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Site, supported by NSF 06-20 443. This work was also facilitated by meetings at the Binary Matrices Working Group at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, sponsored by NSF, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the USDA through NSF Award no. EF-0832858, with additional support from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 27 PY 2010 VL 365 IS 1558 BP 3621 EP 3631 DI 10.1098/rstb.2010.0262 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 673LU UT WOS:000283665200004 PM 20980311 ER PT J AU Boykin, KG Thompson, BC Propeck-Gray, S AF Boykin, Kenneth G. Thompson, Bruce C. Propeck-Gray, Suzanne TI Accuracy of gap analysis habitat models in predicting physical features for wildlife-habitat associations in the southwest U S SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Gap analysis; Habitat modeling; Wildlife habitat associations; Accuracy assessment ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; GENERALITY; ERRORS AB Despite widespread and long-standing efforts to model wildlife-habitat associations using remotely sensed and other spatially explicit data there are relatively few evaluations of the performance of variables included in predictive models relative to actual features on the landscape As part of the National Gap Analysis Program we specifically examined physical site features at randomly selected sample locations in the Southwestern US to assess degree of concordance with predicted features used in modeling vertebrate habitat distribution Our analysis considered hypotheses about relative accuracy with respect to 30 vertebrate species selected to represent the spectrum of habitat generalist to specialist and categorization of site by relative degree of conservation emphasis accorded to the site Overall comparison of 19 variables observed at 382 sample sites indicated >= 60% concordance for 12 variables Directly measured of observed variables (slope soil composition rock outcrop) generally displayed high concordance while variables that required judgments regarding descriptive categories (aspect ecological system landform) were less concordant There were no differences detected in concordance among taxa groups degree of specialization or generalization of selected taxa or land conservation categorization of sample sites with respect to all sites We found no support for the hypothesis that accuracy of habitat models is Inversely related to degree of taxa specialization when model features for a habitat specialist could be more difficult to represent spatially Likewise we did not find support for the hypothesis that physical features will be predicted with higher accuracy on lands with greater dedication to biodiversity conservation than on other lands because of relative differences regarding available information Accuracy generally was similar (>60%) to that observed for land cover mapping at the ecological system level These patterns demonstrate resilience of gap analysis deductive model processes to the type of remotely sensed or interpreted data used in habitat feature predictions (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Boykin, Kenneth G.; Propeck-Gray, Suzanne] New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Boykin, Kenneth G.; Propeck-Gray, Suzanne] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Thompson, Bruce C.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Boykin, KG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Boykin, Kenneth/D-2863-2009 OI Boykin, Kenneth/0000-0001-6381-0463 FU USGS; United States Geological Survey New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Agricultural Experiment Station New Mexico State University FX We thank all of the personnel involved with the SWReGAP effort We thank K Gergely for a critical review of this manuscript We thank the USGS for providing funding Additional financial assistance was provided by the United States Geological Survey New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Agricultural Experiment Station New Mexico State University NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 23 BP 2769 EP 2775 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.034 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 677HU UT WOS:000283980500005 ER PT J AU Grimm, V Berger, U DeAngelis, DL Polhill, JG Giske, J Railsback, SF AF Grimm, Volker Berger, Uta DeAngelis, Donald L. Polhill, J. Gary Giske, Jarl Railsback, Steven F. TI The ODD protocol A review and first update SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Model description; Model formulation; Model replication; Scientific communication; Standardization ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS AB The ODD (Overview Design concepts and Details) protocol was published in 2006 to standardize the published descriptions of individual-based and agent-based models (ABMs) The primary objectives of ODD are to make model descriptions more understandable and complete thereby making ABMs less subject to criticism for being irreproducible We have systematically evaluated existing uses of the ODD protocol and identified as expected parts of ODD needing Improvement and clarification Accordingly we revise the definition of ODD to clarify aspects of the original version and thereby facilitate future standardization of ABM descriptions We discuss frequently raised critiques in ODD but also two emerging and unanticipated benefits ODD Improves the rigorous formulation of models and helps make the theoretical foundations of large models more visible Although the protocol was designed for ABMs it can help with documenting any large complex model alleviating some general objections against such models (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Grimm, Volker] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Ecol Modelling, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Berger, Uta] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Forest Growth & Comp Sci, D-01735 Tharandt, Germany. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, USGS Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Polhill, J. Gary] Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. [Giske, Jarl] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Railsback, Steven F.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Railsback, Steven F.] Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Grimm, V (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Ecol Modelling, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RI Giske, Jarl/A-2402-2010; Polhill, Gary/S-5400-2016; OI Giske, Jarl/0000-0001-5034-8177; Polhill, Gary/0000-0002-8596-0590; Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 FU Biological Resources Division of the US Geological Survey; Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate FX We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft and all those who provided feedback on the ODD protocol in particular Thomas Banitz Dan Brown Jurgen Groeneveld Jean Le Fur Roger Jovani Martin Kochy Dawn Parker Cyril Piou Eva Rossmanith Nadja Ruger Gillian Salerno and Amelie Schmolke DLD was supported by the Biological Resources Division of the US Geological Survey JGP was supported by funds from the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate NR 38 TC 561 Z9 574 U1 20 U2 176 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 23 BP 2760 EP 2768 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.019 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 677HU UT WOS:000283980500004 ER PT J AU Brand, A Lacy, JR Hsu, K Hoover, D Gladding, S Stacey, MT AF Brand, Andreas Lacy, Jessica R. Hsu, Kevin Hoover, Daniel Gladding, Steve Stacey, Mark T. TI Wind-enhanced resuspension in the shallow waters of South San Francisco Bay: Mechanisms and potential implications for cohesive sediment transport SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TIDAL ESTUARY; PABLO BAY; WAVE; CALIFORNIA; PRODUCTIVITY; CONTAMINANTS AB We investigated the driving forces of sediment dynamics at the shoals in South San Francisco Bay. Two stations were deployed along a line perpendicular to a 14 m deep channel, 1000 and 2000 m from the middle of the channel. Station depths were 2.59 and 2.19 m below mean lower low water, respectively. We used acoustic Doppler velocimeters for the simultaneous determination of current velocities, turbulence, sediment concentration and fluxes. Maximum current shear velocities were 0.015 m s(-1) at the station further from the channel (closer to the shore) and 0.02 m s(-1) at the station closer to the channel. Peak wave-induced shear velocities exceeded 0.015 m s(-1) at both stations. Maximum sediment concentrations were around 30 g m(-3) during calm periods (root mean square wave height <0.15 m). During wavy periods, sediment concentrations increased to 100 g m(-3) and sediment fluxes were 5 times higher than in calm conditions (0.02 g m(-2) s(-1) versus >0.10 g m(-2) s(-1)) at the station further from the channel 0.36 m above the bed. Closer to the channel, sediment concentrations and vertical fluxes due to wind wave resuspension were persistently lower (maximum concentrations around 50 g m(-3) and maximum fluxes around 0.04 g m(-2) s(-1)). Most resuspension events occurred during flood tides that followed wave events during low water. Although wave motions are able to resuspend sediment into the wave boundary layer at low tide, the observed large increases in sediment fluxes are due to the nonlinear interaction of wind waves and the tidal currents. C1 [Brand, Andreas; Hsu, Kevin; Gladding, Steve; Stacey, Mark T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lacy, Jessica R.; Hoover, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Brand, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 OBrien Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM andreas_brand@berkeley.edu OI Brand, Andreas/0000-0002-3046-037X FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PBEZ2-121244]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [BR3785/1-1]; NSF [OCE-0751970]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant PBEZ2-121244) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant BR3785/1-1). The field work and part of the associated analysis was funded by NSF (OCE-0751970) and the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments. We thank Audric Collignon, Rusty Holleman, Lissa MacVean, Joanne Ferreira, Tim Elfers, and Jim Christmann for support in the field. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C11024 DI 10.1029/2010JC006172 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 686OT UT WOS:000284706300002 ER PT J AU Belitz, K Jurgens, B Landon, MK Fram, MS Johnson, T AF Belitz, Kenneth Jurgens, Bryant Landon, Matthew K. Fram, Miranda S. Johnson, Tyler TI Estimation of aquifer scale proportion using equal area grids: Assessment of regional scale groundwater quality SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; BINOMIAL PROPORTION; FRAMEWORK; DISTRIBUTIONS; VULNERABILITY; NETHERLANDS; STANDARDS; INDEX AB The proportion of an aquifer with constituent concentrations above a specified threshold (high concentrations) is taken as a nondimensional measure of regional scale water quality. If computed on the basis of area, it can be referred to as the aquifer scale proportion. A spatially unbiased estimate of aquifer scale proportion and a confidence interval for that estimate are obtained through the use of equal area grids and the binomial distribution. Traditionally, the confidence interval for a binomial proportion is computed using either the standard interval or the exact interval. Research from the statistics literature has shown that the standard interval should not be used and that the exact interval is overly conservative. On the basis of coverage probability and interval width, the Jeffreys interval is preferred. If more than one sample per cell is available, cell declustering is used to estimate the aquifer scale proportion, and Kish's design effect may be useful for estimating an effective number of samples. The binomial distribution is also used to quantify the adequacy of a grid with a given number of cells for identifying a small target, defined as a constituent that is present at high concentrations in a small proportion of the aquifer. Case studies illustrate a consistency between approaches that use one well per grid cell and many wells per cell. The methods presented in this paper provide a quantitative basis for designing a sampling program and for utilizing existing data. C1 [Belitz, Kenneth; Landon, Matthew K.; Johnson, Tyler] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Jurgens, Bryant; Fram, Miranda S.] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Belitz, K (reprint author), USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM kbelitz@usgs.gov OI Fram, Miranda/0000-0002-6337-059X FU California State Water Resources Control Board; cooperation of well owners in California; USGS FX The authors appreciate the financial support of the California State Water Resources Control Board, the cooperation of well owners in California, the efforts of USGS colleagues who participated in the sampling program, and the reviewers at the USGS and WRR who helped to improve the paper. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W11550 DI 10.1029/2010WR009321 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 686QU UT WOS:000284711600008 ER PT J AU Greene, AR Garcia, MO Weis, D Ito, G Kuga, M Robinson, J Yamasaki, S AF Greene, Andrew R. Garcia, Michael O. Weis, Dominique Ito, Garrett Kuga, Maia Robinson, Joel Yamasaki, Seiko TI Low-productivity Hawaiian volcanism between Kaua'i and O'ahu SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE West Ka'ena; tholeiitic volcanism; submarine volcanism; Loa-Kea trends; pyroxenite ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; MAUNA-KEA VOLCANO; PUU OO ERUPTION; INTERSHIELD GEOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES; RECYCLED OCEANIC-CRUST; K-AR AGES; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; MANTLE SOURCE; MELTING PROCESS; LOIHI SEAMOUNT AB The longest distance between subaerial shield volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands is between the islands of Kaua'i and O'ahu, where a field of submarine volcanic cones formed astride the axis of the Hawaiian chain during a period of low magma productivity. The submarine volcanoes lie similar to 25-30 km west of Ka'ena Ridge that extends similar to 80 km from western O'ahu. These volcanoes were sampled by three Jason2 dives. The cones are flat topped, <400 m high and 0.4-2 km in diameter at water depths between similar to 2700 and 4300 m, and consist predominantly of pillowed flows. Ar-Ar and K-Ar ages of 11 tholeiitic lavas are between 4.9 and 3.6 Ma. These ages overlap with shield volcanism on Kaua'i (5.1-4.0 Ma) and Wai'anae shield basalts (3.9-3.1 Ma) on O'ahu. Young alkalic lavas (circa 0.37 Ma) sampled southwest of Ka'ena Ridge are a form of offshore secondary volcanism. Half of the volcanic cones contain high-SiO2 basalts (51.0-53.5 wt % SiO2). The trends of isotopic compositions of West Ka'ena tholeiitic lavas diverge from the main Ko'olau-Kea shield binary mixing trend in isotope diagrams and extend to lower Pb-208/Pb-204 and Pb-206/Pb-204 than any Hawaiian tholeiitic lava. West Ka'ena tholeiitic lavas have geochemical and isotopic characteristics similar to volcanoes of the Loa trend. Hence, our results show that the Loa-type volcanism has persisted for at least 4.9 Myr, beginning prior to the development of the dual, subparallel chain of volcanoes. Several West Ka'ena samples are similar to higher SiO2, Loa trend lavas of Ko'olau Makapu'u stage, Lana'i, and Kaho'olawe; these lavas may have been derived from a pyroxenite source in the mantle. The high Ni contents of olivines in West Ka'ena lavas also indicate contribution from pyroxenite-derived melting. Average compositions of Hawaiian shield volcanoes show a clear relation between Pb-206/Pb-204 and SiO2 within Loa trend volcanoes, which supports a prominent but variable influence of pyroxenite in the Hawaiian plume source. In addition, both Pb isotopes and volcano volume show a steady increase with time starting from a minimum west of Ka'ena Ridge. The entrained mafic component in the Hawaiian plume is probably not controlling the increasing magma productivity in the Hawaiian Islands. C1 [Greene, Andrew R.; Garcia, Michael O.; Ito, Garrett] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Yamasaki, Seiko] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Robinson, Joel] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kuga, Maia] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. [Weis, Dominique] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Pacific Ctr Isotop & Geochem Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Greene, AR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM agreene@soest.hawaii.edu RI Weis, Dominique/Q-7658-2016 OI Weis, Dominique/0000-0002-6638-5543 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 05-10482] FX We would like to thank the science team participants of the Northern Hawaiian Islands Jason2 Expedition in 2007 for contributing to this research. We are also grateful to the Jason2 team from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and the crew of the University of Hawai'i research vessel Kilo Moana. Insights and advice from James Scoates are greatly appreciated. We are grateful to Brian Jicha and Brad Singer for help with Ar-Ar ages. Thanks to Shichun Huang for providing compiled data for Hawaiian shields, Jane Barling and Bruno Kieffer for assistance with isotope analyses, Claude Maerschalk for sample preparation, Michael Vollinger for XRF analyses, and Eric Hellebrand for help with electron microprobe analyses. We appreciate reviews by Ryoji Tanaka and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to M. Garcia (EAR 05-10482). This paper is SOEST contribution 8040. NR 123 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 11 AR Q0AC08 DI 10.1029/2010GC003233 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 686MX UT WOS:000284701500001 ER PT J AU Guffanti, M Schneider, DJ Wallace, KL Hall, T Bensimon, DR Salinas, LJ AF Guffanti, Marianne Schneider, David J. Wallace, Kristi L. Hall, Tony Bensimon, Dov R. Salinas, Leonard J. TI Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The extensive volcanic cloud from Kasatochi's 2008 eruption caused widespread disruptions to aviation operations along Pacific oceanic, Canadian, and U.S. air routes. Based on aviation hazard warnings issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Aviation Administration, and Meteorological Service of Canada, air carriers largely avoided the volcanic cloud over a 5 day period by route modifications and flight cancellations. Comparison of time coincident GOES thermal infrared (TIR) data for ash detection with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ultraviolet data for SO2 detection shows congruent areas of ash and gas in the volcanic cloud in the 2 days following onset of ash production. After about 2.5 days, the area of SO2 detected by OMI was more extensive than the area of ash indicated by TIR data, indicating significant ash depletion by fall out had occurred. Pilot reports of visible haze at cruise altitudes over Canada and the northern United States suggested that SO2 gas had converted to sulfate aerosols. Uncertain about the hazard potential of the aging cloud, airlines coped by flying over, under, or around the observed haze layer. Samples from a nondamaging aircraft encounter with Kasatochi's nearly 3 day old cloud contained volcanic silicate particles, confirming that some fine ash is present in predominantly gas clouds. The aircraft's exposure to ash was insufficient to cause engine damage; however, slightly damaging encounters with volcanic clouds from eruptions of Reventador in 2002 and Hekla in 2000 indicate the possibility of lingering hazards associated with old and/or diffuse volcanic clouds. C1 [Guffanti, Marianne] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Schneider, David J.; Wallace, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hall, Tony] Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. [Bensimon, Dov R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Salinas, Leonard J.] United Airlines Operat Ctr, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. RP Guffanti, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM guffanti@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The manuscript was improved by reviews by Rosalind Helz, Gari Mayberry and three anonymous reviewers. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00L19 DI 10.1029/2010JD013868 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686OA UT WOS:000284704400003 ER PT J AU Schultz, RA Okubo, CH Fossen, H AF Schultz, Richard A. Okubo, Chris H. Fossen, Haakon TI Porosity and grain size controls on compaction band formation in Jurassic Navajo Sandstone SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POROUS ROCK; DEFORMATION BANDS; FAILURE MODES; UTAH; MECHANICS; COLORADO; PLATEAU; STRESS; STATE AB Determining the rock properties that permit or impede the growth of compaction bands in sedimentary sequences is a critical problem of importance to studies of strain localization and characterization of subsurface geologic reservoirs. We determine the porosity and average grain size of a sequence of stratigraphic layers of Navajo Sandstone that are then used in a critical state model to infer plastic yield envelopes for the layers. Pure compaction bands are formed in layers having the largest average grain sizes (0.42-0.45 mm) and porosities (28%), and correspondingly the smallest values of critical pressure (similar to 22 MPa) in the sequence. The results suggest that compaction bands formed in these layers after burial to similar to 1.5 km depth in association with thrust faulting beneath the nearby East Kaibab monocline, and that hardening of the yield caps accompanied compactional deformation of the layers. Citation: Schultz, R.A., C.H. Okubo, and H. Fossen (2010), Porosity and grain size controls on compaction band formation in Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, Geophys.Res.Lett., 37, L22306, doi:10.1029/2010GL044909. C1 [Schultz, Richard A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Geomech Rock Fracture Grp, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fossen, Haakon] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Fossen, Haakon] CIPR, Bergen, Norway. RP Schultz, RA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Geomech Rock Fracture Grp, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM schultz@mines.unr.edu RI Schultz, Richard/J-4015-2015 OI Schultz, Richard/0000-0003-3198-5263 FU NASA FX We thank Peter Eichhubl and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. This work was supported by NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program (grant to RAS) and by NASA's Mars Fundamental Research Program (grant to CHO). NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L22306 DI 10.1029/2010GL044909 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 683ML UT WOS:000284479800002 ER PT J AU Schroder, C Herkenhoff, KE Farrand, WH Chappelow, JE Wang, W Nittler, LR Ashley, JW Fleischer, I Gellert, R Golombek, MP Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Li, R Morris, RV Squyres, SW AF Schroeder, Christian Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Farrand, William H. Chappelow, John E. Wang, Wei Nittler, Larry R. Ashley, James W. Fleischer, Iris Gellert, Ralf Golombek, Matthew P. Johnson, Jeffrey R. Klingelhoefer, Goestar Li, Ron Morris, Richard V. Squyres, Steven W. TI Properties and distribution of paired candidate stony meteorites at Meridiani Planum, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ROVER OPPORTUNITY; LANDING SITE; MESOSIDERITE; EXPLORATION; CRATER; ORIGIN AB The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity investigated four rocks, informally dubbed Barberton, Santa Catarina, Santorini, and Kasos, that are possible stony meteorites. Their chemical and mineralogical composition is similar to the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite group but with additional metal, similar to mesosiderite silicate clasts. Because of their virtually identical composition and because they appear to represent a relatively rare group of meteorites, they are probably paired. The four rocks were investigated serendipitously several kilometers apart, suggesting that Opportunity is driving across a larger population of similar rock fragments, maybe a meteorite strewn field. Small amounts of ferric Fe are a result of weathering. We did not observe evidence for fusion crusts. Four iron meteorites were found across the same area. Although mesosiderites are stony irons, a genetic link to these irons is unlikely. The stony meteorites probably fell later than the irons. The current atmosphere is sufficiently dense to land such meteorites at shallow entry angles, and it would disperse fragments over several kilometers upon atmospheric breakup. Alternatively, dispersion by spallation from an impacting meteoroid may have occurred. Santa Catarina and a large accumulation of similar rocks were found at the rim of Victoria crater. It is possible that they are associated with the impactor that created Victoria crater, but our limited knowledge about their distribution cannot exclude mere coincidence. C1 [Schroeder, Christian] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Schroeder, Christian] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, Bayreuth, Germany. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Chappelow, John E.] SAGA Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Wang, Wei; Li, Ron] Ohio State Univ, Mapping & GIS Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Ashley, James W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fleischer, Iris; Klingelhoefer, Goestar] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Gellert, Ralf] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Golombek, Matthew P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morris, Richard V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schroder, C (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Sigwartstr 10, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM christian.schroeder@ifg.uni-tuebingen.de RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00F09 DI 10.1029/2010JE003616 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 683OZ UT WOS:000284486400002 ER PT J AU Weitz, CM Farrand, WH Johnson, JR Fleischer, I Schroder, C Yingst, A Jolliff, B Gellert, R Bell, J Herkenhoff, KE Klingelhofer, G Cohen, B Calvin, W Rutherford, M Ashley, J AF Weitz, Catherine M. Farrand, William H. Johnson, Jeffrey R. Fleischer, Iris Schroeder, Christian Yingst, Aileen Jolliff, Brad Gellert, Ralf Bell, Jim Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Klingelhoefer, Goester Cohen, Barbara Calvin, Wendy Rutherford, Malcolm Ashley, James TI Visible and near-infrared multispectral analysis of geochemically measured rock fragments at the Opportunity landing site in Meridiani Planum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; MARS; MINERALOGY; CHEMISTRY; ROVER AB We have used visible and near-infrared Panoramic Camera (Pancam) spectral data acquired by the Opportunity rover to analyze 15 rock fragments at the Meridiani Planum landing site. These spectral results were then compared to geochemistry measurements made by the in situ instruments Mossbauer (MB) and Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) to determine the feasibility of mineralogic characterization from Pancam data. Our results suggest that dust and alteration rinds coat many rock fragments, which limits our ability to adequately measure the mineralogy of some rocks from Pancam spectra relative to the different field of view and penetration depths of MB and APXS. Viewing and lighting geometry, along with sampling size, also complicate the spectral characterization of the rocks. Rock fragments with the same geochemistry of sulfate-rich outcrops have similar spectra, although the sulfate-rich composition cannot be ascertained based upon Pancam spectra alone. FeNi meteorites have spectral characteristics, particularly ferric oxide coatings, that generally differentiate them from other rocks at the landing site. Stony meteorites and impact fragments with unknown compositions have a diverse range of spectral properties and are not well constrained nor diagnostic in Pancam data. Bounce Rock, with its unique basalt composition, is easily differentiated in the Pancam data from all other rock types at Meridiani Planum. Our Pancam analyses of small pebbles adjacent to these 15 rock fragments suggests that other rock types may exist at the landing site but have not yet been geochemically measured. C1 [Weitz, Catherine M.; Yingst, Aileen] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fleischer, Iris; Klingelhoefer, Goester] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Schroeder, Christian] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, Bayreuth, Germany. [Schroeder, Christian] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Jolliff, Brad] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Gellert, Ralf] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Bell, Jim] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cohen, Barbara] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Calvin, Wendy] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Ashley, James] Arizona State Univ, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rutherford, Malcolm] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Weitz, CM (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Ste 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM weitz@psi.edu RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; FU NASA [NNG05GB16G] FX We thank Onur Karahayit and Ron Li for producing the Opportunity traverse map and Ella Mae for providing several of the MI-Pancam color merges. Steve Ruff, Larry Soderblom, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved the quality of this paper. We acknowledge the outstanding efforts of everyone on the JPL engineering and MER Athena science teams. This work was supported through NASA MDAP grant NNG05GB16G. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 20 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00F10 DI 10.1029/2010JE003660 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 683OZ UT WOS:000284486400004 ER PT J AU Metz, J Grotzinger, J Okubo, C Milliken, R AF Metz, Joannah Grotzinger, John Okubo, Chris Milliken, Ralph TI Thin-skinned deformation of sedimentary rocks in Valles Marineris, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED DEPOSITS; MELAS-CHASMA; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; MARTIAN LANDSLIDES; NORTHERN APENNINES; OUTFLOW CHANNELS; SEISMITES; IMPACT; BASIN; MORPHOLOGY AB Deformation of sedimentary rocks is widespread within Valles Marineris, characterized by both plastic and brittle deformation identified in Candor, Melas, and Ius Chasmata. We identified four deformation styles using HiRISE and CTX images: kilometer-scale convolute folds, detached slabs, folded strata, and pull-apart structures. Convolute folds are detached rounded slabs of material with alternating dark-and light-toned strata and a fold wavelength of about 1 km. The detached slabs are isolated rounded blocks of material, but they exhibit only highly localized evidence of stratification. Folded strata are composed of continuously folded layers that are not detached. Pull-apart structures are composed of stratified rock that has broken off into small irregularly shaped pieces showing evidence of brittle deformation. Some areas exhibit multiple styles of deformation and grade from one type of deformation into another. The deformed rocks are observed over thousands of kilometers, are limited to discrete stratigraphic intervals, and occur over a wide range in elevations. All deformation styles appear to be of likely thin-skinned origin. CRISM reflectance spectra show that some of the deformed sediments contain a component of monohydrated and polyhydrated sulfates. Several mechanisms could be responsible for the deformation of sedimentary rocks in Valles Marineris, such as subaerial or subaqueous gravitational slumping or sliding and soft sediment deformation, where the latter could include impact-induced or seismically induced liquefaction. These mechanisms are evaluated based on their expected pattern, scale, and areal extent of deformation. Deformation produced from slow subaerial or subaqueous landsliding and liquefaction is consistent with the deformation observed in Valles Marineris. C1 [Metz, Joannah; Grotzinger, John] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Milliken, Ralph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Okubo, Chris] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Metz, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM joannah@caltech.edu NR 90 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E11004 DI 10.1029/2010JE003593 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 683OW UT WOS:000284486100001 ER PT J AU Gromme, S Mankinen, EA Prevot, M AF Gromme, Sherman Mankinen, Edward A. Prevot, Michel TI Time-averaged paleomagnetic field at the equator: Complete data and results from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE paleomagnetism ID GEOMAGNETIC SECULAR VARIATION; CURRENT PLATE VELOCITIES; AXIAL DIPOLE HYPOTHESIS; POTASSIUM-ARGON AGES; SAN-CRISTOBAL-ISLAND; PALEOSECULAR VARIATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LAVA FLOWS; DATA SETS; GEOLOGY AB We present here the complete paleomagnetic laboratory results from a collection of approximately 1500 oriented cores from all 16 of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, collected by Allan Cox in 1964-1965 but nearly all previously unpublished. The islands are located in the eastern Pacific Ocean within 1.4 degrees of latitude from the equator and range in age from historically erupted to 3 Ma, mostly determined by published K-Ar and He-3 isotopic dating. The number of sites collected on each island ranges from 1 to 28, for a total of 186. After combining duplicate site mean directions, 149 are used for an overall mean direction and 8 represent excursions and one reversal path. Divided by geomagnetic polarity chron, 110 site means are Brunhes or Jaramillo (normal polarity), 27 are Matuyama (reversed polarity), and 12 are Gauss (both polarities). We have completed the magnetic cleaning that was commenced in the late 1960s. Secondary (mostly viscous) magnetizations were nearly all removed by alternating field demagnetization at 10 mT. We have used the so-called blanket cleaning method, generally at 10 mT. All sites were in basalt flows and gave good paleomagnetic results; none was rejected in toto, and only a few core specimens were magnetically unsatisfactory. Nearly all sites had eight independently oriented cores, and within-site angular standard deviations of directions range from 1 degrees to 8 degrees. We used both Fisher and Bingham statistics to analyze the data and found that many of the direction populations are strongly elongate along the paleomagnetic meridian, while the corresponding virtual pole (VGP) populations are essentially circularly distributed. The paleomagnetic poles, calculated as the means of VGPs, are as follows: Brunhes and Jaramillo, north latitude = 86.9 degrees, east longitude = 245.1 degrees, and 95% confidence radius A(95) = 1.9 degrees; Matuyama, latitude = 87.2 degrees, longitude = 158.2 degrees, and A(95) = 3.8 degrees; Gauss, latitude = 83.0 degrees, longitude = 204.7 degrees, and A(95) = 7.0 degrees. These paleomagnetic poles do not differ significantly from one another, but the Brunhes and Jaramillo combined pole is significantly near-sided with respect to the Galapagos, as is the overall mean pole, which is at latitude = 87.1 degrees and longitude = 227.6 degrees, with A(95) = 1.7 degrees. Omitting the excursion and reversal path data, the overall angular standard deviation of VGPs is 11.7 degrees with lower and upper 95% confidence limits of 10.8 degrees and 12.7 degrees, respectively, in good agreement with previously published values for near-equatorial sampling latitudes. C1 [Gromme, Sherman; Mankinen, Edward A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Prevot, Michel] CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Prevot, Michel] Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Gromme, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM csgromme@gmail.com; emank@usgs.gov; lescigales34@free.fr NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 18 PY 2010 VL 11 AR Q11009 DI 10.1029/2010GC003090 PG 41 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 683LY UT WOS:000284478500001 ER PT J AU Di Baldassarre, G Montanari, A Lins, H Koutsoyiannis, D Brandimarte, L Bloschl, G AF Di Baldassarre, Giuliano Montanari, Alberto Lins, Harry Koutsoyiannis, Demetris Brandimarte, Luigia Bloeschl, Guenter TI Flood fatalities in Africa: From diagnosis to mitigation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS AB Flood-related fatalities in Africa, as well as associated economic losses, have increased dramatically over the past half-century. There is a growing global concern about the need to identify the causes for such increased flood damages. To this end, we analyze a large, consistent and reliable data-set of floods in Africa. Identification of causes is not easy given the diverse economic settings, demographic distribution and hydro-climatic conditions of the African continent. On the other hand, many African river basins have a relatively low level of human disturbance and, therefore, provide a unique opportunity to analyze climatic effects on floods. We find that intensive and unplanned human settlements in flood-prone areas appears to be playing a major role in increasing flood risk. Timely and economically sustainable actions, such as the discouragement of human settlements in flood-prone areas and the introduction of early warning systems are, therefore, urgently needed. Citation: Di Baldassarre, G., A. Montanari, H. Lins, D. Koutsoyiannis, L. Brandimarte, and G. Bloschl (2010), Flood fatalities in Africa: From diagnosis to mitigation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L22402, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045467. C1 [Di Baldassarre, Giuliano] UNESCO IHE, Dept Hydroinformat & Knowledge Management, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Montanari, Alberto] Univ Bologna, DISTART, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Lins, Harry] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Koutsoyiannis, Demetris] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Water Resources, GR-15780 Athens, Greece. [Brandimarte, Luigia] UNESCO IHE, Dept Water Engn, NL-2601 DA Delft 334, Netherlands. [Bloeschl, Guenter] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Hydraul & Water Resources Engn, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Di Baldassarre, G (reprint author), UNESCO IHE, Dept Hydroinformat & Knowledge Management, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. EM g.dibaldassarre@unesco-ihe.org RI Koutsoyiannis, Demetris/B-7400-2009; Di Baldassarre, Giuliano/C-7304-2009; Brandimarte, Luigia/C-6724-2009; Montanari, Alberto/B-5427-2009; Bloschl, Gunter/I-8409-2014 OI Koutsoyiannis, Demetris/0000-0002-6226-0241; Di Baldassarre, Giuliano/0000-0002-8180-4996; Brandimarte, Luigia/0000-0002-7575-8989; Montanari, Alberto/0000-0001-7428-0410; Bloschl, Gunter/0000-0003-2227-8225 FU UNESCO-IHE FX The activities related to this paper have been partly funded by the UNESCO-IHE Partnership Research Fund (UPaRF) within the ACCION Project. Comments from two Anonymous Reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L22402 DI 10.1029/2010GL045467 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 683MG UT WOS:000284479300008 ER PT J AU Bowling, DR Bethers-Marchetti, S Lunch, CK Grote, EE Belnap, J AF Bowling, D. R. Bethers-Marchetti, S. Lunch, C. K. Grote, E. E. Belnap, J. TI Carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a semiarid cold desert grassland during and following multiyear drought SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; DRYING-REWETTING FREQUENCY; WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; ALTERS NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BROMUS-TECTORUM INVASION; EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEMS AB The net exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy were examined in a perennial Colorado Plateau grassland for 5 years. The study began within a multiyear drought and continued as the drought ended. The grassland is located near the northern boundary of the influence of the North American monsoon, a major climatic feature bringing summer rain. Following rain, evapotranspiration peaked above 8 mm d(-1) but was usually much smaller (2-4 mm d(-1)). Net productivity of the grassland was low compared to other ecosystems, with peak hourly net CO(2) uptake in the spring of 4 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and springtime carbon gain in the range of 42 +/- 11 g C m(-2) (based on fluxes) to 72 +/- 55 g C m(-2) (based on carbon stocks; annual carbon gain was not quantified). Drought decreased gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and total ecosystem respiration, with a much larger GEP decrease. Monsoon rains led to respiratory pulses, lasting a few days at most, and only rarely resulted in net CO(2) gain, despite the fact that C(4) grasses dominated plant cover. Minor CO(2) uptake was observed in fall following rain. Spring CO(2) uptake was regulated by deep soil moisture, which depended on precipitation in the prior fall and winter. The lack of CO(2) uptake during the monsoon and the dependence of GEP on deep soil moisture are in contrast with arid grasslands of the warm deserts. Cold desert grasslands are most likely to be impacted by future changes in winter and not summer precipitation. C1 [Bowling, D. R.; Bethers-Marchetti, S.; Lunch, C. K.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Grote, E. E.; Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Bethers-Marchetti, S.] USDA Forest Serv, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. [Lunch, C. K.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bowling, DR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South,1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM bowling@biology.utah.edu FU University of Utah; United States Geological Survey FX We are grateful for many years of insightful collaboration with Jim Ehleringer and Susan Schwinning. Thanks to Georg Wohlfahrt, Bill Massman, and Ray Leuning for technical discussions about micrometeorology in deserts. Thanks to Dean Anderson and Alan Riggs for helpful comments on an early draft of this paper. This work was supported by the University of Utah and the United States Geological Survey. Thanks to the Western Regional Climate Center (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/) and to Frank Urban and the USGS CLIM-MET program (http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/info/sw/clim-met/) for generously sharing data, to Mark Miller for help with site selection, and to a large number of UU and USGS seasonal scientists for help in the field. Flux data from Corral Pocket may be freely obtained for use by anyone via the AmeriFlux data archive (http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/). NR 137 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G04026 DI 10.1029/2010JG001322 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 683NK UT WOS:000284482300001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Talbot, SL Sage, GK Burnham, KK Brown, JW Maechtle, TL Seegar, WS Yates, MA Anderson, B Mindell, DP AF Johnson, Jeff A. Talbot, Sandra L. Sage, George K. Burnham, Kurt K. Brown, Joseph W. Maechtle, Tom L. Seegar, William S. Yates, Michael A. Anderson, Bud Mindell, David P. TI The Use of Genetics for the Management of a Recovering Population: Temporal Assessment of Migratory Peregrine Falcons in North America SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE DNA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; MAURITIUS KESTREL; EFFECTIVE SIZE; CENSUS SIZE; CONSERVATION; DIFFERENTIATION AB Background: Our ability to monitor populations or species that were once threatened or endangered and in the process of recovery is enhanced by using genetic methods to assess overall population stability and size over time. This can be accomplished most directly by obtaining genetic measures from temporally-spaced samples that reflect the overall stability of the population as given by changes in genetic diversity levels (allelic richness and heterozygosity), degree of population differentiation (F-ST and D-EST), and effective population size (Ne). The primary goal of any recovery effort is to produce a long-term self-sustaining population, and these genetic measures provide a metric by which we can gauge our progress and help make important management decisions. Methodology/Principal Findings: The peregrine falcon in North America (Falco peregrinus tundrius and anatum) was delisted in 1994 and 1999, respectively, and its abundance will be monitored by the species Recovery Team every three years until 2015. Although the United States Fish and Wildlife Service makes a distinction between tundrius and anatum subspecies, our genetic results based on eleven microsatellite loci suggest limited differentiation that can be attributed to an isolation by distance relationship and warrant no delineation of these two subspecies in its northern latitudinal distribution from Alaska through Canada into Greenland. Using temporal samples collected at Padre Island, Texas during migration (seven temporal time periods between 1985-2007), no significant differences in genetic diversity or significant population differentiation in allele frequencies between time periods were observed and were indistinguishable from those obtained from tundrius/anatum breeding locations throughout their northern distribution. Estimates of harmonic mean Ne were variable and imprecise, but always greater than 500 when employing multiple temporal genetic methods. Conclusions/Significance: These results, including those from simulations to assess the power of each method to estimate Ne, suggest a stable or growing population, which is consistent with ongoing field-based monitoring surveys. Therefore, historic and continuing efforts to prevent the extinction of the peregrine falcon in North America appear successful with no indication of recent decline, at least from the northern latitude range-wide perspective. The results also further highlight the importance of archiving samples and their use for continual assessment of population recovery and long-term viability. C1 [Johnson, Jeff A.] Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Talbot, Sandra L.; Sage, George K.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Burnham, Kurt K.] High Arctic Inst, Orion, IL USA. [Brown, Joseph W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Maechtle, Tom L.] Sheridan, Sheridan, WY USA. [Seegar, William S.] Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Dept Army, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Yates, Michael A.] Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Minden, NV USA. [Anderson, Bud] Falcon Res Grp, Bow, WA USA. [Mindell, David P.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM jajohnson@unt.edu RI Brown, Joseph/A-7713-2009; Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 OI Brown, Joseph/0000-0002-3835-8062; FU U.S. Army's Edgewood Research Development and Engineering Center; Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation; Grassland Charitable Foundation; Ruth and Brian Mutch; North American Falconers' Association; Offield Family Foundation; Peregrine Fund; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center FX Funding for field work and sample collection was generously provided by the U.S. Army's Edgewood Research Development and Engineering Center, The Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation, The Grassland Charitable Foundation, Ruth and Brian Mutch, the North American Falconers' Association, The Offield Family Foundation, and The Peregrine Fund. Funding for the genetic portion of this study was provided by The Peregrine Fund and the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 143 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 18 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e14042 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014042 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 681XH UT WOS:000284356900005 PM 21124969 ER PT J AU Rao, B Hatzinger, PB Bohlke, JK Sturchio, NC Andraski, BJ Eckardt, FD Jackson, WA AF Rao, Balaji Hatzinger, Paul B. Bohlke, John Karl Sturchio, Neil C. Andraski, Brian J. Eckardt, Frank D. Jackson, W. Andrew TI Natural Chlorate in the Environment: Application of a New IC-ESI/MS/MS Method with a (ClO3-)-O-18 Internal Standard SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERCHLORATE FORMATION; OZONE OXIDATION; UNITED-STATES; CHEMISTRY; CHLORITE; RADICALS; PLANTS AB A new ion chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (IC-ESI/MS/MS) method has been developed for quantification and confirmation of chlorate (ClO3-) in environmental samples. The method involves the electrochemical generation of isotopically labeled chlorate internal standard ((ClO3-)-O-18) using O-18 water ((H2O)-O-18). The standard was added to all samples prior to analysis thereby minimizing the matrix effects that are associated with common ions without the need for expensive sample pretreatments. The method detection limit (MDL) for ClO3- was 2 ng L-1 for a 1 mL volume sample injection. The proposed method was successfully applied to analyze ClO3- in difficult environmental samples including soil and plant leachates. The IC-ESI/MS/MS method described here was also compared to established EPA method 317.0 for ClO3- analysis. Samples collected from a variety of environments previously shown to contain natural perchlorate (ClO4-) occurrence were analyzed using the proposed method and ClO3- was found to co-occur with ClO4- at concentrations ranging from <2 ng L-1 in precipitation from Texas and Puerto Rico to >500 mg kg(-1) in caliche salt deposits from the Atacama Desert in Chile. Relatively low concentrations of ClO3- in some natural groundwater samples (<0.1 mu g L-1) analyzed in this work may indicate lower stability when compared to ClO4- in the subsurface. The high concentrations of ClO3- in caliches and soils (3-6 orders of magnitude greater) as compared to precipitation samples indicate that ClO3-, like ClO4-, may be atmospherically produced and deposited, then concentrated in dry soils, and is possibly a minor component in the biogeochemical cycle of chlorine. C1 [Rao, Balaji; Jackson, W. Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hatzinger, Paul B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Bohlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sturchio, Neil C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Andraski, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Eckardt, Frank D.] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Jackson, WA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM andrew.jackson@ttu.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; Eckardt, Frank/N-3682-2015 OI Eckardt, Frank/0000-0003-0200-7110 FU Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1435]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This study was supported by the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, ER-1435) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The assistance of Phani Ponnada of Texas Tech University in the soil sample extraction is greatly appreciated. Michael Doughten (USGS), Ralph Seiler (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 22 BP 8429 EP 8434 DI 10.1021/es1024228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680QA UT WOS:000284248300013 ER PT J AU Gaines, WL Harrod, RJ Dickinson, J Lyons, AL Halupka, K AF Gaines, William L. Harrod, Richy J. Dickinson, James Lyons, Andrea L. Halupka, Karl TI Integration of Northern spotted owl habitat and fuels treatments in the eastern Cascades, Washington, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Northern spotted owl; Fuels treatment; Analytical hierarchy process; Logistic regression; Range of variation; Eastern Cascades; Washington ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DECISION-SUPPORT; DRY FORESTS; BARRED OWL; FIRE; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA AB The restoration of natural fire regimes has emerged as a primary management objective within fire-prone forests in the interior western US. However, this objective becomes contentious when perceived to be in conflict with the conservation of rare wildlife species. For example, the integration of fire ecology in disturbance-prone forests of eastern Washington with the recovery of the Northern spotted owl has been described as a management dilemma. We intersected modeled spotted owl habitat with mapped priority fuels treatment areas in order to determine the magnitude of the potential conflict between fuels management and owl conservation. Our results show that there is considerable overlap within dry forests between high suitability spotted owl habitat and moderate-high priority fuels treatment areas (34% overlap). However, there is also considerable overlap of lower suitability spotted owl habitat with moderate-high priority fuels treatment areas (35% overlap) providing opportunities to accomplish multiple management objectives if one considers a landscape perspective. We propose that a conservation strategy for the Northern spotted owl in the eastern Cascades consider the following: emphasize landscape restoration of dry forests within which spotted owl habitat is embedded; landscapes considered for restoration need to be large enough to accomodate the effects of fire disturbances and still retain sufficient habitat to support spotted owl populations; and include adaptive management allowing for adequate monitoring and feedback for managers to make needed adjustments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gaines, William L.; Dickinson, James] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Halupka, Karl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDI, Wenatchee Field Off, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Gaines, WL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM wgaines@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 11 BP 2045 EP 2052 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.011 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 682ID UT WOS:000284393700013 ER PT J AU Bray, VJ Tornabene, LL Keszthelyi, LP McEwen, AS Hawke, BR Giguere, TA Kattenhorn, SA Garry, WB Rizk, B Caudill, CM Gaddis, LR van der Bogert, CH AF Bray, V. J. Tornabene, L. L. Keszthelyi, L. P. McEwen, A. S. Hawke, B. R. Giguere, T. A. Kattenhorn, S. A. Garry, W. B. Rizk, B. Caudill, C. M. Gaddis, L. R. van der Bogert, C. H. TI New insight into lunar impact melt mobility from the LRO camera SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMPLACEMENT; INFLATION; GULLIES; HAWAII; FLOWS; LAVA AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) is systematically imaging impact melt deposits in and around lunar craters at meter and sub-meter scales. These images reveal that lunar impact melts, although morphologically similar to terrestrial lava flows of similar size, exhibit distinctive features (e.g., erosional channels). Although generated in a single rapid event, the post-impact mobility and morphology of lunar impact melts is surprisingly complex. We present evidence for multi-stage influx of impact melt into flow lobes and crater floor ponds. Our volume and cooling time estimates for the post-emplacement melt movements noted in LROC images suggest that new flows can emerge from melt ponds an extended time period after the impact event. Citation: Bray, V. J., et al. (2010), New insight into lunar impact melt mobility from the LRO camera, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21202, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044666. C1 [Bray, V. J.; Tornabene, L. L.; McEwen, A. S.; Rizk, B.; Caudill, C. M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Keszthelyi, L. P.; Gaddis, L. R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hawke, B. R.; Giguere, T. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kattenhorn, S. A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Garry, W. B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [van der Bogert, C. H.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Bray, VJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM vjbray@lpl.arizona.edu RI Garry, Brent/I-5920-2013 FU LRO Project FX We gratefully acknowledge the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera Team for discussions prior to and during the preparation of this manuscript. We thank Tracy K. P. Gregg and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the LRO Project. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21202 DI 10.1029/2010GL044666 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 680FQ UT WOS:000284218200001 ER PT J AU Sabo, JL Finlay, JC Kennedy, T Post, DM AF Sabo, John L. Finlay, Jacques C. Kennedy, Theodore Post, David M. TI The Role of Discharge Variation in Scaling of Drainage Area and Food Chain Length in Rivers SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM SIZE; ENERGY AVAILABILITY; WEB STRUCTURE; FRESH-WATERS; DISTURBANCE; FISH; STREAMS; HETEROGENEITY; LAKES AB Food chain length (FCL) is a fundamental component of food web structure. Studies in a variety of ecosystems suggest that FCL is determined by energy supply, environmental stability, and/or ecosystem size, but the nature of the relationship between environmental stability and FCL, and the mechanism linking ecosystem size to FCL, remain unclear. Here we show that FCL increases with drainage area and decreases with hydrologic variability and intermittency across 36 North American rivers. Our analysis further suggests that hydrologic variability is the mechanism underlying the correlation between ecosystem size and FCL in rivers. Ecosystem size lengthens river food chains by integrating and attenuating discharge variation through stream networks, thereby enhancing environmental stability in larger river systems. C1 [Sabo, John L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Fac Ecol Evolut & Environm Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Finlay, Jacques C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kennedy, Theodore] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Post, David M.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Sabo, JL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Fac Ecol Evolut & Environm Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM John.L.Sabo@asu.edu RI Post, David/A-6987-2009; Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011; Sabo, John/B-1872-2013 OI Post, David/0000-0003-1434-7729; Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030; FU NSF [DEB-0315990, DEB-0316679, DEB-0317137, DEB-0635088, EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX The authors thank S. Beck, M. Bernot, M. Booth, M. Caron, O. Champoux, C. Crenshaw, D. Cunjak, D. Caissie, R. Doucett, S. J. Fisher, N. B. Grimm, R. O. Hall, T. K. Harms, B. Hungate, K. Luttermoser, W. McDowell, G. Morin, P. Mulholland, R. J. Naiman, J. Regetz, E. Rosi-Marshall, R. Sponseller, C. U. Soykan, and L. Thompson; the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for fish samples; the STROUD New York Watersheds Project for access to study sites and metabolism data; the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the Coweeta Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, the H. J. Andrews LTER project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environment Canada, and the U.S. Forest Service for flow data. This work was supported by grants from NSF, including DEB-0315990 to J.C.F., DEB-0316679 to D.M.P., and DEB-0317137 and DEB-0635088 to J.L.S.. The work was also supported by a Sabbatical Fellowship to J.L.S. at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by NSF (grant EF-0553768); the University of California, Santa Barbara; and the State of California. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 33 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 6 U2 97 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 12 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6006 BP 965 EP 967 DI 10.1126/science.1196005 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 678XY UT WOS:000284118000043 PM 20947729 ER PT J AU van der Lelij, R Spikings, RA Kerr, AC Kounov, A Cosca, M Chew, D Villagomez, D AF van der Lelij, Roelant Spikings, Richard A. Kerr, Andrew C. Kounov, Alexandre Cosca, Michael Chew, David Villagomez, Diego TI Thermochronology and tectonics of the Leeward Antilles: Evolution of the southern Caribbean Plate boundary zone SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID TRACK ANNEALING KINETICS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHERN VENEZUELA; TERRANE ACCRETION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; FORE-ARC; APATITE; MODEL; ANDES; AMERICA AB [1] Tectonic reconstructions of the Caribbean Plate are severely hampered by a paucity of geochronologic and exhumation constraints from anastomosed basement blocks along its southern margin. New U/Pb, (40)Ar/(39)Ar, apatite fission track, and apatite (U-Th)/He data constrain quantitative thermal and exhumation histories, which have been used to propose a model for the tectonic evolution of the emergent parts of the Bonaire Block and the southern Caribbean Plate boundary zone. An east facing arc system intruded through an oceanic plateau during similar to 90 to similar to 87 Ma and crops out on Aruba. Subsequent structural displacements resulted in > 80 degrees C of cooling on Aruba during 70-60 Ma. In contrast, exhumation of the island arc sequence exposed on Bonaire occurred at 85-80 Ma and 55-45 Ma. Santonian exhumation on Bonaire occurred immediately subsequent to burial metamorphism and may have been driven by the collision of a west facing island arc with the Caribbean Plate. Island arc rocks intruded oceanic plateau rocks on Gran Roque at similar to 65 Ma and exhumed rapidly at 55-45 Ma. We attribute Maastrichtian-Danian exhumation on Aruba and early Eocene exhumation on Bonaire and Gran Roque to sequential diachronous accretion of their basement units to the South American Plate. Widespread unconformities indicate late Eocene subaerial exposure. Late Oligocene-early Miocene dextral transtension within the Bonaire Block drove subsidence and burial of crystalline basement rocks of the Leeward Antilles to <= 1 km. Late Miocene-recent transpression caused inversion and <= 1 km of exhumation, possibly as a result of the northward escape of the Maracaibo Block. Citation: van der Lelij, R., R. A. Spikings, A. C. Kerr, A. Kounov, M. Cosca, D. Chew, and D. Villagomez (2010), Thermochronology and tectonics of the Leeward Antilles: Evolution of the southern Caribbean Plate boundary zone, Tectonics, 29, TC6003, doi:10.1029/2009TC002654. C1 [van der Lelij, Roelant; Spikings, Richard A.; Villagomez, Diego] Univ Geneva, Dept Mineral, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kerr, Andrew C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3YE, S Glam, Wales. [Chew, David] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Geol, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Cosca, Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kounov, Alexandre] Univ Basel, Inst Geol & Paleontol, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP van der Lelij, R (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Mineral, Rue Maraichers 13, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. EM roelant.vanderlelij@unige.ch RI Chew, David/B-7828-2008; Kerr, Andrew/A-1206-2008; Kounov, Alexandre/D-1535-2015; OI Chew, David/0000-0002-6940-1035; Kerr, Andrew/0000-0001-5569-4730; Kounov, Alexandre/0000-0001-5914-9115; van der Lelij, Roelant/0000-0002-9534-0977 FU Swiss Academy of Sciences; Geneva SPHN Society; Fonds Marc Birkigt; European Community [SE-TAF 663]; Research councils of Denmark; Research councils of Norway; Research councils of Sweden; Geological Survey of Finland; Swedish Museum of Natural History FX This study was supported by a grant from the Swiss Academy of Sciences, the Augustin Lombard fund of the Geneva SPHN Society, and the Fonds Marc Birkigt. Assistance in field work and logistics was provided by STINAPA Bonaire and Fundacion Parke Arikok, Aruba. The authors are grateful to John Tarney for collecting rock samples on Gran Roque and to Jim Wright for useful discussions on the regional geology and geochronology of the Leeward Antilles. Simon Mitchell and Jim Wright are thanked for their detailed and constructive reviews which helped to dramatically improve this manuscript. Use of the Nordsim was supported by the European Community's program "Structuring the European Research Area" under SYNTHESYS at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, project SE-TAF 663. This is Nordsim publication 261. The Nordsim facility is financed and operated under an agreement between the research councils of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden; the Geological Survey of Finland; and the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Apatites from Aruba and Bonaire were kindly irradiated with 252Cf fission fragments by Ray and Margaret Donelick, Apatite to Zircon, Inc. NR 92 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 29 AR TC6003 DI 10.1029/2009TC002654 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 680JC UT WOS:000284227200001 ER PT J AU Keefe, SH Daniels, JS Runkel, RL Wass, RD Stiles, EA Barber, LB AF Keefe, Steffanie H. Daniels, Joan S. (Thullen) Runkel, Robert L. Wass, Roland D. Stiles, Eric A. Barber, Larry B. TI Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTED TREATMENT WETLANDS; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; SHORT-CIRCUITING FLOW; RHODAMINE-WT; TRACER; SIMULATION; EFFICIENCY; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT AB A series of tracer experiments were conducted biannually at the start and end of the vegetation growing season in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland located near Phoenix, AZ. Tracer experiments were conducted prior to and following reconfiguration and replanting of a 1.2 ha treatment wetland from its original design of alternating shallow and deep zones to incorporate hummocks (shallow planting beds situated perpendicular to flow). Tracer test data were analyzed using analysis of moments and the one-dimensional transport with inflow and storage numerical model to evaluate the effects of the seasonal vegetation growth cycle and hummocks on solute transport. Following reconfiguration, vegetation coverage was relatively small, and minor changes in spatial distribution influenced wetland hydraulics. During start-up conditions, the wetland underwent an acclimation period characterized by small vegetation coverage and large transport cross-sectional areas. At the start of the growing season, new growth of emergent vegetation enhanced hydraulic performance. At the end of the growing season, senescing vegetation created short-circuiting. Wetland hydrodynamics were associated with high volumetric efficiencies and velocity heterogeneities. The hummock design resulted in breakthrough curves characterized by multiple secondary tracer peaks indicative of varied flow paths created by bottom topography. C1 [Keefe, Steffanie H.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Daniels, Joan S. (Thullen); Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wass, Roland D.] Wass Gerke & Associates Inc, Scottsdale, AZ 85254 USA. [Stiles, Eric A.] US Bur Reclamat, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Keefe, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program, Bureau of Reclamation, City of Phoenix; Wass Gerke and Associates FX This work was carried out with support from the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program, Bureau of Reclamation, City of Phoenix, and Wass Gerke and Associates. The authors wish to thank Greg Brown, Jim Sartoris, Will Doyle, Joan Gable, Sara Gerke Lieske, Corey Perrella, Paul Kinshella, Wes Camfield, John Carlson, Kim Dannemiller, Charles Hart, Marnie Norris, R. Blaine McCleskey, and S. Mark Nelson for assistance. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W11518 DI 10.1029/2010WR009512 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 680JR UT WOS:000284228700005 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Meteyer, CU Boyles, JG Blehert, DS AF Cryan, Paul M. Meteyer, Carol Uphoff Boyles, Justin G. Blehert, David S. TI Wing pathology of white-nose syndrome in bats suggests life-threatening disruption of physiology SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; GAS-EXCHANGE; BROWN BATS; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; HIBERNATION; RESPONSES; WINTER; TEMPERATURE; SELECTION AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is causing unprecedented declines in several species of North American bats. The characteristic lesions of WNS are caused by the fungus Geomyces destructans, which erodes and replaces the living skin of bats while they hibernate. It is unknown how this infection kills the bats. We review here the unique physiological importance of wings to hibernating bats in relation to the damage caused by G. destructans and propose that mortality is caused by catastrophic disruption of wing-dependent physiological functions. Mechanisms of disease associated with G. destructans seem specific to hibernating bats and are most analogous to disease caused by chytrid fungus in amphibians. C1 [Meteyer, Carol Uphoff; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Boyles, Justin G.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Meteyer, CU (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM cmeteyer@usgs.gov RI Boyles, Justin/A-5152-2010; OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 49 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 19 U2 130 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 8 AR 135 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-8-135 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 679LZ UT WOS:000284164200001 PM 21070683 ER PT J AU Bartelt, PE Klaver, RW Porter, WP AF Bartelt, Paul E. Klaver, Robert W. Porter, Warren P. TI Modeling amphibian energetics, habitat suitability, and movements of western toads, Anaxyrus (=Bufo) boreas, across present and future landscapes SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Habitat modeling; Physiological modeling; Cost surfaces; Western toads; Anaxyrus boreas; Bufo boreas; Movement corridors; Climate warming ID BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; ANURAN AMPHIBIANS; BUFFER ZONES; ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE; DECLINES; COMMUNITIES; EXTINCTION; ECTOTHERMS AB Effective conservation of amphibian populations requires the prediction of how amphibians use and move through a landscape. Amphibians are closely coupled to their physical environment. Thus an approach that uses the physiological attributes of amphibians, together with knowledge of their natural history, should be helpful. We used Niche Mapper (TM) to model the known movements and habitat use patterns of a population of Western toads (Anaxyrus (=Bufo) boreas) occupying forested habitats in southeastern Idaho. Niche Mapper uses first principles of environmental biophysics to combine features of topography, climate, land cover, and animal features to model microclimates and animal physiology and behavior across landscapes. Niche Mapper reproduced core body temperatures (T-c) and evaporation rates of live toads with average errors of 1.6 +/- 0.4 degrees C and 0.8 +/- 0.2 g/h, respectively. For four different habitat types, it reproduced similar mid-summer daily temperature patterns as those measured in the field and calculated evaporation rates (g/h) with an average error rate of 7.2 +/- 5.5%. Sensitivity analyses indicate these errors do not significantly affect estimates of food consumption or activity. Using Niche Mapper we predicted the daily habitats used by free-ranging toads: our accuracy for female toads was greater than for male toads (74.2 +/- 6.8% and 53.6 +/- 15.8%, respectively), reflecting the stronger patterns of habitat selection among females. Using these changing to construct a cost surface, we also reconstructed movement paths that were consistent with field observations. The effect of climate warming on toads depends on the interaction of temperature and atmospheric moisture. If climate change occurs as predicted, results from Niche Mapper suggests that climate warming will increase the physiological cost of landscapes thereby limiting the activity for toads in different habitats. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bartelt, Paul E.] Waldorf Coll, Dept Biol, Forest City, IA 50436 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Porter, Warren P.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bartelt, PE (reprint author), Waldorf Coll, Dept Biol, Forest City, IA 50436 USA. EM barteltp@waldorf.edu; bklaver@usgs.gov; wpporter@wisc.edu NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 22 BP 2675 EP 2686 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.07.009 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 667QU UT WOS:000283209500008 ER PT J AU Bogue, SW Glen, JMG AF Bogue, Scott W. Glen, Jonathan M. G. TI Very rapid geomagnetic field change recorded by the partial remagnetization of a lava flow SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARITY TRANSITION; REVERSAL; HAWAII AB A new paleomagnetic result from a lava flow with a distinctive, two-part remanence reinforces the controversial hypothesis that geomagnetic change during a polarity reversal can be much faster than normal. The 3.9-m-thick lava ("Flow 20") is exposed in the Sheep Creek Range (north central Nevada) and was erupted during a reverse-to-normal (R-N) geomagnetic polarity switch at 15.6 Ma. Flow 20 began to acquire a primary thermoremanence while the field was pointing east and down but was soon buried, reheated, and partially-remagnetized in a north-down direction by the 8.2-m-thick flow that succeeded it. A simple conductive cooling calculation shows that the observed remagnetization could not have occurred unless Flow 20 was still warm (about 150 degrees C near its base) when buried and that the 53 degrees change from east-down to north-down field occurred at an average rate of approximately 1 degrees/week, several orders of magnitude faster than typical of secular variation. Citation: Bogue, S. W., and J. M. G. Glen (2010), Very rapid geomagnetic field change recorded by the partial remagnetization of a lava flow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21308, doi:10.1029/2010GL044286. C1 [Bogue, Scott W.] Occidental Coll, Dept Geol, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. [Glen, Jonathan M. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bogue, SW (reprint author), Occidental Coll, Dept Geol, 1600 Campus Rd, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. EM bogue@oxy.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF EAR 9706344, NSF EAR 0409684] FX We thank C. Sherman Gromme (who first suggested paleomagnetic study of the Sheep Creek lavas to one of us), the host of laboratory and field assistants (mostly Occidental College undergraduate students, and especially Geoff Cromwell and Zach Spahn) who have participated in this project, and the GRL reviewers. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF EAR 9706344 (to S.W.B.) and NSF EAR 0409684 to S.W.B. and J.M.G.G.). NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21308 DI 10.1029/2010GL044286 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 680FK UT WOS:000284217600001 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Hayo, K Thunell, RC Dwyer, GS Saenger, C Willard, DA AF Cronin, T. M. Hayo, K. Thunell, R. C. Dwyer, G. S. Saenger, C. Willard, D. A. TI The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age in Chesapeake Bay and the North Atlantic Ocean SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Medieval Climate Anomaly; Little Ice Age; Chesapeake Bay; Holocene climate ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; HOLOCENE COOLING EVENTS; PAST 2 MILLENNIA; LAST 2000 YEARS; WARM PERIOD; SEDIMENT CORES; SALINITY VARIABILITY; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; SOLAR INFLUENCE; WATER AB A new 2400-year paleoclimate reconstruction from Chesapeake Bay (CB) (eastern US) was compared to other paleoclimate records in the North Atlantic region to evaluate climate variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). Using Mg/Ca ratios from ostracodes and oxygen isotopes from benthic foraminifera as proxies for temperature and precipitation-driven estuarine hydrography, results show that warmest temperatures in CB reached 16-17 degrees C between 600 and 950 CE (Common Era), centuries before the classic European Medieval Warm Period (950-1100 CE) and peak warming in the Nordic Seas (1000-1400 CE). A series of centennial warm/cool cycles began about 1000 CE with temperature minima of similar to 8 to 9 degrees C about 1150, 1350, and 1650-1800 CE, and intervening warm periods (14-15 degrees C) centered at 1200, 1400, 1500 and 1600 CE. Precipitation variability in the eastern US included multiple dry intervals from 600 to 1200 CE, which contrasts with wet medieval conditions in the Caribbean. The eastern US experienced a wet LIA between 1650 and 1800 CE when the Caribbean was relatively dry. Comparison of the CB record with other records shows that the MCA and LIA were characterized by regionally asynchronous warming and complex spatial patterns of precipitation, possibly related to ocean-atmosphere processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cronin, T. M.; Willard, D. A.] 926A US Geol Survey Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hayo, K.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80320 USA. [Thunell, R. C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dwyer, G. S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Saenger, C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), 926A US Geol Survey Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov FU USGS Global Change Program FX We are grateful to C. Laj, Y. Balut, and the captain and crew of Marion-Dufresne, S. Worlsey for ICOADS data, D. Black, T. Marchitto, and J. Sachs for input on Holocene ocean records, and H. Dowsett, J. McGeehin and three anonymous reviewers for comments. We thank E. Tappa, S. Smith, M. Berke, M. Yasuhara, and J. Farmer for lab and manuscript assistance. We thank the support from the USGS Global Change Program. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 297 IS 2 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.009 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 681SY UT WOS:000284340500006 ER PT J AU Busenberg, E Plummer, LN AF Busenberg, Eurybiades Plummer, L. Niel TI A rapid method for the measurement of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF5CF3), and Halon 1211 (CF2ClBr) in hydrologic tracer studies SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SF6; SF5CF3; halon; tracers; groundwater ID GAS-EXCHANGE RATES; CONSERVATIVE TRACER; RELEASE EXPERIMENT; VADOSE ZONE; AIR; FLUORESCEIN; ATMOSPHERE; BROMINE; TRENDS; WATERS AB A rapid headspace method for the simultaneous laboratory determination of intentionally introduced hydrologic tracers, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF5CF3), Halon 1211 (CF2ClBr), and other halocarbons in water and gases is described. The high sensitivity of the procedure allows for introduction of minimal tracer mass (a few grams) into hydrologic systems with a large dynamic range of analytical detection (dilutions to 1:10(8)). Analysis times by gas chromatography with electron capture detector are less than 1 min for SF6; about 2 min for SF6 and SF5CF3; and 4 min for SF6, SF5CF3, and Halon 1211. Many samples can be rapidly collected, preserved in stoppered septum bottles, and analyzed at a later time in the laboratory. Examples are provided showing the effectiveness of the gas tracer test studies in varied hydrogeological settings. C1 [Busenberg, Eurybiades; Plummer, L. Niel] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Busenberg, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 423, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ebusenbe@usgs.gov; nplummer@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 11 AR Q11001 DI 10.1029/2010GC003312 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 680EZ UT WOS:000284216500005 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Francisca, FM Santamarina, JC Ruppel, C AF Lee, J. Y. Francisca, F. M. Santamarina, J. C. Ruppel, C. TI Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 2. Small-strain mechanical properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE ELASTIC-MODULI; GAS-HYDRATE; WAVE VELOCITIES; METHANE HYDRATE; SEISMIC DATA; INVERSION; SAMPLES; WATER; FORM AB The small-strain mechanical properties (e. g., seismic velocities) of hydrate-bearing sediments measured under laboratory conditions provide reference values for calibration of logging and seismic exploration results acquired in hydrate-bearing formations. Instrumented cells were designed for measuring the compressional (P) and shear (S) velocities of sand, silts, and clay with and without hydrate and subject to vertical effective stresses of 0.01 to 2 MPa. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), which is fully miscible in water, was used as the hydrate former to permit close control over the hydrate saturation S(hyd) and to produce hydrate from dissolved phase, as methane hydrate forms in most natural marine settings. The results demonstrate that laboratory hydrate formation technique controls the pattern of P and S velocity changes with increasing S(hyd) and that the small-strain properties of hydrate-bearing sediments are governed by effective stress, sigma'(v) and sediment specific surface. The S velocity increases with hydrate saturation owing to an increase in skeletal shear stiffness, particularly when hydrate saturation exceeds S(hyd)approximate to 0.4. At very high hydrate saturations, the small strain shear stiffness is determined by the presence of hydrates and becomes insensitive to changes in effective stress. The P velocity increases with hydrate saturation due to the increases in both the shear modulus of the skeleton and the bulk modulus of pore-filling phases during fluid-to-hydrate conversion. Small-strain Poisson's ratio varies from 0.5 in soft sediments lacking hydrates to 0.25 in stiff sediments (i.e., subject to high vertical effective stress or having high S(hyd)). At S(hyd) >= 0.5, hydrate hinders expansion and the loss of sediment stiffness during reduction of vertical effective stress, meaning that hydrate-rich natural sediments obtained through pressure coring should retain their in situ fabric for some time after core retrieval if the cores are maintained within the hydrate stability field. C1 [Lee, J. Y.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Francisca, F. M.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Ruppel, C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Santamarina, J. C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Div, 92 Gwahang No, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM jyl@kigam.re.kr; ffrancis@com.uncor.edu; jcs@ce.gatech.edu; cruppel@usgs.gov OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-01NT41330]; Goizueta Foundation at Georgia Tech; KIGAM; GHDO; MKE FX Initial support for this research to J.C.S. and C.R. at Georgia Tech was provided by the Chevron Joint Industry Project on Methane Hydrates under contract DE-FC26-01NT41330 from the U.S. Department of Energy. Additional support to J.C.S. was provided by the Goizueta Foundation at Georgia Tech and to J.Y.L. by KIGAM, GHDO, and MKE. We thank W. Waite and B. Dugan for comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of a trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the DOE or the USGS. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B11105 DI 10.1029/2009JB006670 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 680HL UT WOS:000284222900002 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Santamarina, JC Ruppel, C AF Lee, J. Y. Santamarina, J. C. Ruppel, C. TI Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 1. Electromagnetic properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; EMULSIONS AB The marked decrease in bulk electrical conductivity of sediments in the presence of gas hydrates has been used to interpret borehole electrical resistivity logs and, to a lesser extent, the results of controlled source electromagnetic surveys to constrain the spatial distribution and predicted concentration of gas hydrate in natural settings. Until now, an exhaustive laboratory data set that could be used to assess the impact of gas hydrate on the electromagnetic properties of different soils (sand, silt, and clay) at different effective stress and with different saturations of hydrate has been lacking. The laboratory results reported here are obtained using a standard geotechnical cell and the hydrate-formed tetrahydrofuran (THF), a liquid that is fully miscible in water and able to produce closely controlled saturations of hydrate from dissolved phase. Both permittivity and electrical conductivity are good indicators of the volume fraction of free water in the sediment, which is in turn dependent on hydrate saturation. Permittivity in the microwave frequency range is particularly predictive of free water content since it is barely affected by ionic concentration, pore structure, and surface conduction. Electrical conductivity (or resistivity) is less reliable for constraining water content or hydrate saturation: In addition to fluid-filled porosity, other factors, such as the ionic concentration of the pore fluid and possibly other conduction effects (e. g., surface conduction in high specific surface soils having low conductivity pore fluid), also influence electrical conductivity. C1 [Lee, J. Y.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Ruppel, C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Santamarina, J. C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Div, 92 Gwahang No, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM jyl@kigam.re.kr; jcs@ce.gatech.edu; cruppel@usgs.gov OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-01NT41330]; Goizueta Foundation at Georgia Tech; KIGAM; USGS FX This research was initially supported by the Chevron Joint Industry Project on Methane Hydrates under contract DE-FC26-01NT41330 from the U.S. Department of Energy. Additional support was provided to J.C.S. by the Goizueta Foundation at Georgia Tech, to J.Y.L. by KIGAM, and to C. Ruppel by the USGS. We thank W. Waite for comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of a trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the DOE or the USGS. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B11104 DI 10.1029/2009JB006669 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 680HL UT WOS:000284222900001 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Damschen, EI Grace, JB AF Harrison, Susan Damschen, Ellen I. Grace, James B. TI Ecological contingency in the effects of climatic warming on forest herb communities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; elevation; land use; plant community; topography ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; VASCULAR PLANTS; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; DIE-OFF; PATTERNS; GRADIENT; ALPS; USA; DIVERSITY AB Downscaling from the predictions of general climate models is critical to current strategies for mitigating species loss caused by climate change. A key impediment to this downscaling is that we lack a fully developed understanding of how variation in physical, biological, or land-use characteristics mediates the effects of climate change on ecological communities within regions. We analyzed change in understory herb communities over a 60-y period (1949/1951-2007/ 2009) in a complex montane landscape (the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon) where mean temperatures have increased 2 degrees C since 1948, similar to projections for other terrestrial communities. Our 185 sites included primary and secondary-growth lower montane forests (500-1.200 m above sea level) and primary upper montane to sub-alpine forests (1,500-2,100 m above sea level). In lower montane forests, regardless of land-use history, we found multiple herb-community changes consistent with an effectively drier climate, including lower mean specific leaf area, lower relative cover by species of northern biogeographic affinity, and greater compositional resemblance to communities in southerly topographic positions. At higher elevations we found qualitatively different and more modest changes, including increases in herbs of northern biogeographic affinity and in forest canopy cover. Our results provide community level validation of predicted nonlinearities in climate change effects. C1 [Harrison, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Damschen, Ellen I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu RI Damschen, Ellen/E-4919-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542451]; US Geological Survey FX L.L. Olsvig-Whittaker and the Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections provided access to Robert Whittaker's data. L. Barry, H. Cornell, T. Elder, K. Fuccillo, C. Garnier, J. Hansford, J. Hartman, A. Hollander, F. Hrusa, D. Inouye, E. Jules, M. Jules, K. Kostelnik, A. King, R. Mack, K. Moore, D. Odion, J. Orrock, R. Peet, J. Roth, M. Schwartz, A. Storfer, T. Talty, J. Thorne, M. Todd, K. Torres, G. Walter, T. Wentworth, the E. I. D. and S. H. laboratories, and two anonymous reviewers provided technical assistance and expert knowledge. Siskiyou Field Institute, Siskiyou National Forest, Oregon Caves National Monument, and the Marion Ownbey Herbarium at Washington State University provided logistical support. Funding was provided by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0542451 and by the US Geological Survey Global Climate Change Program. NR 69 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 50 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 45 BP 19362 EP 19367 DI 10.1073/pnas.1006823107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 677MZ UT WOS:000283997800044 PM 20974978 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE Hieb, KA Jacobson, T Sanso, B Di Lorenzo, E Stacey, MT Largier, JL Meiring, W Peterson, WT Powell, TM Winder, M Jassby, AD AF Cloern, James E. Hieb, Kathryn A. Jacobson, Teresa Sanso, Bruno Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Stacey, Mark T. Largier, John L. Meiring, Wendy Peterson, William T. Powell, Thomas M. Winder, Monika Jassby, Alan D. TI Biological communities in San Francisco Bay track large-scale climate forcing over the North Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFT; OSCILLATION; RECRUITMENT; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; OCEAN; PHASE; WEST AB Long-term observations show that fish and plankton populations in the ocean fluctuate in synchrony with large-scale climate patterns, but similar evidence is lacking for estuaries because of shorter observational records. Marine fish and invertebrates have been sampled in San Francisco Bay since 1980 and exhibit large, unexplained population changes including record-high abundances of common species after 1999. Our analysis shows that populations of demersal fish, crabs and shrimp covary with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), both of which reversed signs in 1999. A time series model forced by the atmospheric driver of NPGO accounts for two-thirds of the variability in the first principal component of species abundances, and generalized linear models forced by PDO and NPGO account for most of the annual variability of individual species. We infer that synchronous shifts in climate patterns and community variability in San Francisco Bay are related to changes in oceanic wind forcing that modify coastal currents, upwelling intensity, surface temperature, and their influence on recruitment of marine species that utilize estuaries as nursery habitat. Ecological forecasts of estuarine responses to climate change must therefore consider how altered patterns of atmospheric forcing across ocean basins influence coastal oceanography as well as watershed hydrology. Citation: Cloern, J. E., et al. (2010), Biological communities in San Francisco Bay track large-scale climate forcing over the North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21602, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044774. C1 [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hieb, Kathryn A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. [Jacobson, Teresa; Sanso, Bruno] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jassby, Alan D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95521 USA. [Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Meiring, Wendy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Stat & Appl Probabil, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Hatfield Sci Ctr, NMFS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Powell, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stacey, Mark T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Winder, Monika] Kiel Univ IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Winder, Monika] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012; OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 FU California Department of Fish and Game; USGS; University of California [113325G004]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [113325G004] FX This research was supported by the California Department of Fish and Game, Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary, and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline. Analyses were supported by cooperative agreement 113325G004 between the University of California, Santa Barbara and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and conducted as part of a working group facilitated by Erica Fleishman at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. We thank Louis Botsford, Ted Sommer, Erica Fleishman and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 6 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21602 DI 10.1029/2010GL044774 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TV UT WOS:000283942400001 ER PT J AU Anderson, K Lisowski, M Segall, P AF Anderson, K. Lisowski, M. Segall, P. TI Cyclic ground tilt associated with the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; BOREHOLE TILTMETERS; MAGMA FLOW; HALF-SPACE; DEFORMATION; MONTSERRAT; INSTABILITY; EXTRUSION; DYNAMICS; SURFACE AB The long-term behavior of the 2004-2008 effusive eruption of Mount St. Helens was characterized by a gradual decline in the rates of seismicity, dome growth, and broad-scale ground deformation, but shallow near-periodic "drumbeat" earthquakes over timescales of minutes indicated episodic short-term behavior. In part to better characterize this behavior and any associated ground deformation, a network of tiltmeters was installed and recorded thousands of cyclic tilt events within the crater. The duration of these events, from minutes to hours, was too long for them to be directly caused by the drumbeat seismicity. Tilt events were characterized by a recoverable, asymmetric pattern of rapid tilt away from the vent followed by a more gradual reversal, were highly correlated between different tiltmeters in the crater, sometimes occurred in association with volcanic seismicity, and ceased at the end of the eruption. Tilt vectors converged on a point just south of the center of the preexisting 1980s lava dome, and the absence of detectable tilt outside the crater suggests a shallow source (<1 km). We examine several models, including cycles of conduit pressurization and plug slip or gas loss and stick-slip behavior on the interface between the ascending plug and the 1980s lava dome. The small number of stations within the crater prevents a unique determination of source type or geometry, but results are consistent with a mechanism involving extrusion of the semisolid dacite plug and/or cycles of conduit pressurization. C1 [Anderson, K.; Segall, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lisowski, M.] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Anderson, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kander@stanford.edu OI Anderson, Kyle/0000-0001-8041-3996 NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 6 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B11201 DI 10.1029/2009JB007102 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676WN UT WOS:000283949500002 ER PT J AU Bourouiba, L Wu, JH Newman, S Takekawa, J Natdorj, T Batbayar, N Bishop, CM Hawkes, LA Butler, PJ Wikelski, M AF Bourouiba, L. Wu, Jianhong Newman, S. Takekawa, J. Natdorj, T. Batbayar, N. Bishop, C. M. Hawkes, L. A. Butler, P. J. Wikelski, M. TI Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1 SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE avian influenza H5N1; modelling; satellite tracking; bar-headed geese ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILD BIRDS; A VIRUS; INFECTION; SPREAD; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES; WATERFOWL; OUTBREAK AB Virulent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2005 have raised the question about the roles of migratory and wild birds in the transmission of HPAI. Despite increased monitoring, the role of wild waterfowl as the primary source of the highly pathogenic H5N1 has not been clearly established. The impact of outbreaks of HPAI among species of wild birds which are already endangered can nevertheless have devastating consequences for the local and non-local ecology where migratory species are established. Understanding the entangled dynamics of migration and the disease dynamics will be key to prevention and control measures for humans, migratory birds and poultry. Here, we present a spatial dynamic model of seasonal migration derived from first principles and linking the local dynamics during migratory stopovers to the larger scale migratory routes. We discuss the effect of repeated epizootic at specific migratory stopovers for bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). We find that repeated deadly outbreaks of H5N1 on stopovers during the autumn migration of bar-headed geese could lead to a larger reduction in the size of the equilibrium bird population compared with that obtained after repeated outbreaks during the spring migration. However, the opposite is true during the first few years of transition to such an equilibrium. The age-maturation process of juvenile birds which aremore susceptible to H5N1 reinforces this result. C1 [Bourouiba, L.] MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wu, Jianhong] York Univ, Ctr Dis Modeling, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Newman, S.] UN Food & Agr Org, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Takekawa, J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Natdorj, T.] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Ornithol, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongol Peo Rep. [Batbayar, N.] Wildlife Sci & Conservat Ctr, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongol Peo Rep. [Bishop, C. M.; Hawkes, L. A.] Bangor Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Butler, P. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Wikelski, M.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. RP Bourouiba, L (reprint author), MIT, Dept Math, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM lydia.bourouiba@math.mit.edu RI Hawkes, Lucy/C-8671-2009 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Network; Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems; Geomatics for Informed Decisions; Public Health Agency of Canada; National Research Council of Canada; FAO; USGS; Bangor University, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology FX LB and JW acknowledge supports from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Network, the Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems, the Geomatics for Informed Decisions, the Public Health Agency of Canada and the National Research Council of Canada and thank the three anonymous referees for their constructive comments. The other co-authors would like to acknowledge funding support from the FAO; USGS Avian Influenza Program; Bangor University, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; and the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; and investigators D. Douglas, W. Perry, A. Schultz, and S. Schwarzbach (USGS); P. Frappell (Univ. Tasmania); W. Milsom (Univ. British Columbia); and G. Scott (Univ. St. Andrews). This study followed the recommendations of a USGS Animal Care and Use Committee, and we thank K. Phillips and R. Kirby for an expedited policy review. Use of any trade names does not imply U. S. government endorsement. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD NOV 6 PY 2010 VL 7 IS 52 BP 1627 EP 1639 DI 10.1098/rsif.2010.0126 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 653ZZ UT WOS:000282139200011 PM 20472636 ER PT J AU Yi, SH McGuire, AD Kasischke, E Harden, J Manies, K Mack, M Turetsky, M AF Yi, Shuhua McGuire, A. David Kasischke, Eric Harden, Jennifer Manies, Kristen Mack, Michelle Turetsky, Merritt TI A dynamic organic soil biogeochemical model for simulating the effects of wildfire on soil environmental conditions and carbon dynamics of black spruce forests SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; THERMAL DYNAMICS; YUKON-TERRITORY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BOREAL FORESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; BURN SEVERITY AB Ecosystem models have not comprehensively considered how interactions among fire disturbance, soil environmental conditions, and biogeochemical processes affect ecosystem dynamics in boreal forest ecosystems. In this study, we implemented a dynamic organic soil structure in the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (DOS-TEM) to investigate the effects of fire on soil temperature, moisture, and ecosystem carbon dynamics. DOS-TEM consists of environmental, ecological, disturbance effects, and dynamic organic soil modules. Changes in organic layer thickness are computed from calculated changes in carbon pools following fire and during stand succession. DOS-TEM was parameterized based on studies reported in the literature and evaluated independently at sites in interior Alaska. This evaluation reveals that (1) DOS-TEM is capable of accurately simulating the thickness and carbon content of organic soils; and (2) without the dynamic linkage between soil organic thickness and carbon content, the model overestimates soil carbon in deep mineral soil horizons of dry black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska. Sensitivity tests were performed to investigate issues related to spatial heterogeneity of carbon dynamics including soil drainage and fire frequency. Results show that both soil drainage and fire frequency are important in the carbon dynamics simulated by DOS-TEM, and should be considered in spatial applications of the model. C1 [Yi, Shuhua] Cold & Arid Regions Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryosphere Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Harden, Jennifer; Manies, Kristen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kasischke, Eric] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mack, Michelle] Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Yi, SH (reprint author), Cold & Arid Regions Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryosphere Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM yis@lzb.ac.cn RI Yi, Shuhua/E-7976-2011; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; OI Yi, Shuhua/0000-0003-4932-8237 FU Major State Basic Research Development Program of China [2007CB411502]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NASA [NNG05GD25G]; NSF [OPP-0531047, OPP-0327664, DEB-0423442]; USDA Forest Service; USGS FX This study was supported through grants provided to S. Yi as part of the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program)(2007CB411502) and One Hundred People Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Other support to A. D. McGuire and other coauthors for this study include grants through the North American Carbon Program (NASA NNG05GD25G), the Arctic System Science Program (NSF OPP-0531047 and OPP-0327664), the Bonanza Creek Long-term Ecological Program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service), and USGS Fate of Carbon in Alaska Landscapes Project. We thank Z. Fan, E. A. G. Shuur, and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive reviews of previous versions of this paper. NR 82 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G04015 DI 10.1029/2010JG001302 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 676UD UT WOS:000283943200001 ER PT J AU Langbein, J AF Langbein, John TI Effect of error in theoretical Earth tide on calibration of borehole strainmeters SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATES-OF-AMERICA AB Since the installation of borehole strainmeters into the ground locally distorts the strain in the rock, these strainmeters require calibration from a known source which typically is the Earth tide. Consequently, the accuracy of the observed strain changes from borehole strainmeters depends upon the calibration derived from modeling the Earth tide. Previous work from the mid-1970s, which is replicated here, demonstrate that the theoretical tide can differ by 30% from the tide observed at surface-mounted, long-baseline strainmeters. In spite of possible inaccurate tidal models, many of the 74 borehole strainmeters installed since 2005 can be "calibrated". However, inaccurate tidal models affect the amplitude and phase of observed transient strain changes which needs to be considered along with the precision of the data from the inherent drift of these borehole instruments. In particular, the error from inaccurate tidal model dominates the error budget in the observation of impulsive, sub-daily, strain-transients. Citation: Langbein, J. (2010), Effect of error in theoretical Earth tide on calibration of borehole strainmeters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21303, doi:10.1029/2010GL044454. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langbein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM langbein@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21303 DI 10.1029/2010GL044454 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TO UT WOS:000283941700003 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK van der Leeuw, BK Gregg, JL Grady, CA Lujan, KM Gutenberger, SK Purcell, MK Woodson, JC Winton, JR Parsley, MJ AF Hershberger, Paul K. van der Leeuw, Bjorn K. Gregg, Jacob L. Grady, Courtney A. Lujan, Kenneth M. Gutenberger, Susan K. Purcell, Maureen K. Woodson, James C. Winton, James R. Parsley, Michael J. TI Amplification and transport of an endemic fish disease by an introduced species SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE American shad; Ichthyophonus; Invasive species; Disease amplification; Pathogen pollution; Pathogen spillback ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ICHTHYOPHONUS-HOFERI; SARDINOPS-SAGAX; PUGET-SOUND; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; MASS MORTALITY; COLUMBIA RIVER; CLUPEA-PALLASI; AMERICAN SHAD AB The introduction of American shad from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast of North America in the late 1800's and the subsequent population expansion in the 1980's resulted in the amplification of Ichthyophonus sp., a Mesomycetozoean parasite of wild marine fishes. Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA gene complex (small subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions) and Ichthyophonus epidemiological characteristics indicate a low probability that Ichthyophonus was co-introduced with American shad from the Atlantic; rather, Ichthyophonus was likely endemic to marine areas of the Pacific region and amplified by the expanding population of a highly susceptible host species. The migratory life history of shad resulted in the transport of amplified Ichthyophonus from its endemic region in the NE Pacific to the Columbia River watershed. An Ichthyophonus epizootic occurred among American shad in the Columbia River during 2007, when infection prevalence was 72%, and 57% of the infections were scored as moderate or heavy intensities. The epizootic occurred near the record peak of shad biomass in the Columbia River, and corresponded to an influx of 1,595 mt of infected shad tissues into the Columbia River. A high potential for parasite spillback and the establishment of a freshwater Ichthyophonus life cycle in the Columbia River results from currently elevated infection pressures, broad host range, plasticity in Ichthyophonus life history stages, and precedents for establishment of the parasite in other freshwater systems. The results raise questions regarding the risk for sympatric salmonids and the role of Ichthyophonus as a population-limiting factor affecting American shad in the Columbia River. C1 [Hershberger, Paul K.; Gregg, Jacob L.; Grady, Courtney A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr WFRC, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [van der Leeuw, Bjorn K.; Parsley, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, WFRC, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Lujan, Kenneth M.; Gutenberger, Susan K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Columbia River Fish Hlth Ctr, Willard, WA 98605 USA. [Purcell, Maureen K.; Woodson, James C.; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, WFRC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr WFRC, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Bonneville Power Administration [2007-275-00]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; US Geological Survey FX Fish biomass numbers were provided by the Columbia River Data Access in Real Time (DART) Program (http://www.cbr.washington.edu/dart/). Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, Project #2007-275-00; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project #070819; and US Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. We thank Dr. L. Hauser (University of Washington) for providing advice regarding phylogenetic analyses. Some field collections were provided by Paolo Lazatin, Joe Warren, and Collin Smith (USGS-CRRL), Dean Ballinger, Bruce Mills, and John Barton (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission), Kurt Stick (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), Nate Gray, Maine Department of Natural Resources. Technical assistance was provided by Cristina Pacheco, Rachael Collins, Mara Denny (US Geological Survey-Marrowstone Marine Field Station), and Charlotte Rasmussen (US Geological Survey-Western Fisheries Research Center). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3665 EP 3675 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9760-5 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711HX UT WOS:000286581200003 ER PT J AU Bailey, MM Horton, GE Letcher, BH Kinnison, MT AF Bailey, Michael M. Horton, Gregg E. Letcher, Benjamin H. Kinnison, Michael T. TI Seasonal Density Dependence in Atlantic Salmon over Varying Spatial Scales SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; SALAR L; POPULATION-DENSITY; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE; STREAM SALMONIDS; BROWN TROUT; BODY-SIZE; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; COMPETITION AB Scale and ontogeny are important in understanding how various ecological processes structure populations. This is expected to be the case for density-dependent effects (DDE), which influence the population dynamics of many organisms. Our goal was to evaluate stage-specific DDE on the growth, movement, and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from the individual to the group level over varying spatial scales (20 160 m). We used passive integrated transponder tags and associated technology to assess individual growth, survival, and movement histories in a single stream in Maine undergoing restoration efforts via stocking of fry. We studied six life stages over 18 months for four cohorts of presmolt Atlantic salmon. Our findings show that the DDE on growth can be detected at multiple stages well past the young-of-the-year stage in juvenile salmon. We saw a clear development of decreasing DDE on size and growth as cohorts aged. This trend appears to coincide with a tendency for mean fish size to become more variable in low-density reaches. Density had limited effects on individual movements and mortality during most of juvenile rearing, with such effects largely being confined to the period from spring through fall of the age-1 year. Shifting the focus of analysis from individuals to group means spanning larger spatial scales had pronounced effects on both the detection of DDE, the magnitude of apparent density effects, and the amount of variation in fish size explained by density. C1 [Bailey, Michael M.; Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Horton, Gregg E.; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Bailey, MM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent New England Fishery Resources Off, 151 Broad St, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. EM michael_bailey@fws.gov FU NOAA-Fisheries' Northeast Fisheries Science Center; S. O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; Maine Department of Marine Resources; Bureau of Sea-Run Fisheries and Habitat FX We thank the many people who participated in field crews at Shorey Brook for their efforts in collecting field data, including personnel from the University of Maine, the University of Massachusetts, the Maine Department of Marine Resources, Bureau of Sea-Run Fisheries and Habitat, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and NOAA-Fisheries. Thanks also to International Paper Company for allowing us access to their land. Funding was provided by a grant through NOAA-Fisheries' Northeast Fisheries Science Center, the S. O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, and the Maine Department of Marine Resources, Bureau of Sea-Run Fisheries and Habitat. Finally, this manuscript was greatly improved by comments from J. Bailey, M. Cooperman, J. Dodson, J. Kocik, J. Trial, D. Weese and J. Zydlewski. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1642 EP 1656 DI 10.1577/T09-121.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500002 ER PT J AU Hanson, KC Ostrand, KG Gannam, AL Ostrand, SL AF Hanson, K. C. Ostrand, K. G. Gannam, A. L. Ostrand, S. L. TI Comparison and Validation of Nonlethal Techniques for Estimating Condition in Juvenile Salmonids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRASER-RIVER; IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ENERGY DENSITY; PACIFIC SALMON; FISH; MIGRATIONS; PHYSIOLOGY AB Fish proximate composition influences growth, reproduction, and survival and is commonly used to determine physiological condition; however, proximate composition is time-consuming to measure and typically requires a lethal sample that cannot be analyzed in situ. As a result, researchers are increasingly interested in using nonlethal techniques that are quicker and less expensive to estimate proximate body components in fish. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and microwave energy meters have been used with success on large-bodied fishes, although no evaluation on small-bodied Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. has been conducted. We evaluated three nonlethal techniques (BIA, energy meter, and condition factor) as predictors of individual body composition (determined through lethal whole-body proximate analysis) in juvenile hatchery steelhead O. mykiss (minimum fork length = 138 mm; minimum wet mass = 24.5 g). The BIA values were positively correlated with measured total body water (R(2) = 0.77), protein (R(2) = 0.74), and ash (R(2) = 0.46) in steelhead; energy meter values were positively correlated with total body water (R(2) = 0.83). Only condition factor was predictive of total body lipid, and both BIA and energy meter measures reflected somatic energy in muscle tissue rather than the total body energy reserves. Although modification of nonlethal methodologies is still required to generate accurate measures of total body energy reserves, BIA and energy meter technologies provide relatively quick and detailed data on a number of proximate body components without the need to kill the individual fish. C1 [Hanson, K. C.; Ostrand, K. G.; Gannam, A. L.; Ostrand, S. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1733 EP 1741 DI 10.1577/T10-014.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500010 ER PT J AU Long, JM Stewart, DR AF Long, James M. Stewart, David R. TI Verification of Otolith Identity Used by Fisheries Scientists for Aging Channel Catfish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PECTORAL SPINES; MORPHOLOGY; BIOLOGY; GROWTH AB Previously published studies of the age estimation of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus based on otoliths have reported using the sagittae, whereas it is likely they were actually using the lapilli. This confusion may have resulted because in catfishes (ostariophyseans) the lapilli are the largest of the three otoliths, whereas in nonostariophysean fish the sagittae are the largest. Based on (1) scanning electron microscope microphotographs of channel catfish otoliths, (2) X-ray computed tomography scans of a channel catfish head, (3) descriptions of techniques used to removed otoliths from channel catfish reported in the literature, and (4) a sample of channel catfish otoliths received from fisheries biologists from around the country, it is clear that lapilli are most often used for channel catfish aging studies, not sagittae, as has been previously reported. Fisheries scientists who obtain otoliths from channel catfish can use the information in this paper to correctly identify otolith age. C1 [Long, James M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Long, JM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM longjm@okstate.edu RI Long, James/C-5999-2009 FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [F-81-R] FX We thank M. Holley (Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources), G. Summers (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation), S. Lamprecht (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources), and E. Ganus (Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency) for sending us otoliths for identification, and we thank D. Secor, R. Kollmar, A. Stevenson, and T. Rowe for images used with permission in this paper. D. Secor, D. Shoup, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation provided funding for this project through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant F-81-R. Mention of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products, software, or models, whether commercially available or not, does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government, the U.S. Geological Survey, or the state of Oklahoma. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1775 EP 1779 DI 10.1577/T10-102.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500014 ER PT J AU Martin, AE Wipfli, MS Spangler, RE AF Martin, Aaron E. Wipfli, Mark S. Spangler, Robert E. TI Aquatic Community Responses to Salmon Carcass Analog and Wood Bundle Additions in Restored Floodplain Habitats in an Alaskan Stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WINTER REARING HABITAT; OREGON COASTAL STREAMS; COPPER RIVER DELTA; DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Land use activities often directly and indirectly limit the capacity of freshwater habitats to produce fish. Consequently, habitat creation and enhancement actions are often undertaken to increase the quantity and quality of resources available to aquatic communities within these impaired systems, with the intent to increase fish production. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether aquatic community colonization and development could be accelerated through additions of woody debris bundles and marine-derived nutrients (via salmon carcass analog pellets) and (2) measure how aquatic communities (biofilm, invertebrates, and fish) respond to these additions after the creation of off-channel (alcove) fish habitat in a stream in south-central Alaska. Biofilm, invertebrates, and juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were sampled in four treatments (control, wood, analog, and analog plus wood). Biofilm chlorophyll-alpha concentrations were 4-10 times higher in analog-enriched treatments than in the control and wood treatments. No treatment effects were detected in benthic invertebrate density; however, treatment differences were detected in coho salmon diets, with nearly twice the amount of invertebrate abundance and biomass (primarily various dipteran, ephemeropteran, and plecopteran larvae) in the analog and analog plus wood treatments compared with the control and wood treatments. Juvenile coho salmon density and biomass were significantly higher in the wood treatment than in the analog plus wood treatment, and fish in the control showed possible signs of density-dependent limitation. Further, body condition of juvenile coho salmon was highest in the two analog-enriched treatments at the end of the study; juveniles in these habitats showed nearly two times the condition increase of fish inhabiting the control and wood treatment alcoves. These results demonstrate that the combination of salmon carcass analog and woody debris bundle additions aids in the short-term development of aquatic communities in newly created off-channel habitats, providing a boost in limited resources such as food and shelter. C1 [Martin, Aaron E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Spangler, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Martin, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM aaron_e_martin@fws.gov NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1828 EP 1845 DI 10.1577/T09-096.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500019 ER PT J AU Caroffino, DC Sutton, TM Elliott, RF Donofrio, MC AF Caroffino, David C. Sutton, Trent M. Elliott, Robert F. Donofrio, Michael C. TI Predation on Early Life Stages of Lake Sturgeon in the Peshtigo River, Wisconsin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRAYFISH ORCONECTES-VIRILIS; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; WHITE STURGEON; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; POPULATION VIABILITY; COTTUS-BAIRDI; EGG PREDATION; RECRUITMENT; MICHIGAN; SIZE AB Mortality of early life stages can limit recruitment of fishes, and understanding the impacts of various sources of mortality has long been a goal of fisheries management. The impacts of predation on lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens are not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify sources of predation that affect lake sturgeon eggs, larvae, and age-0 juveniles in the Peshtigo River, Wisconsin, during 2006 and 2007. Egg bags were used to assess the rate of lake sturgeon egg consumption by crayfishes Orconectes spp. Potential piscine predators on eggs, larvae, or age-0 juveniles were captured using fyke nets, gill nets, hoop nets, and electrofishing for analysis of stomach contents. Crayfish consumed lake sturgeon eggs at an average rate of 9.4 eggs/d, and the population of crayfish within the lake sturgeon spawning habitat consumed an estimated 300,000 eggs during the incubation period. Numerous fish species were observed consuming lake sturgeon eggs, and piscine predators likely consumed most eggs that settled on the surface of the substrate. Within 862 predator stomachs, only a single lake sturgeon larva was observed, and there was no evidence of predation on age-0 juveniles. These results suggest that predation could limit recruitment at the egg stage, but it does not appear to be limiting to the larval and age-0 juvenile life stages in the Peshtigo River. C1 [Caroffino, David C.; Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Donofrio, Michael C.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI 54157 USA. RP Caroffino, DC (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 96 Grant St, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. EM caroffinod@michigan.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust, Purdue University; University of Alaska Fairbanks FX We would like to thank J. Lorenz, A. Charlton, J. Hoffmeister, S. Tyszko, N. Barton, R. Turner, D. Shifflett, S. Shaw, R. Claramunt, and E. Baker for their assistance with field sampling and project logistics. M. Lindberg, J. Margraf, and A. Rosenberger provided constructive comments on a draft of this manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust, Purdue University, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the agencies or funding organizations. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1846 EP 1856 DI 10.1577/T09-227.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500020 ER PT J AU Frimpong, EA Angermeier, PL AF Frimpong, Emmanuel A. Angermeier, Paul L. TI Comparative Utility of Selected Frameworks for Regionalizing Fish-Based Bioassessments across the United States SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ASSESSING BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATIONS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOREGIONS; HABITAT; RIVER; HOMOGENIZATION AB Regional frameworks for bioassessment are necessary to stratify natural geographic variation in biotic assemblages and to calibrate bioassessment metrics and indices. In the United States, alternative frameworks have not been evaluated over large geographic extents (nationwide or continent-wide) or compared with neutral models to document the relative utility of existing frameworks. We used the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment fish assemblage data from 1,140 fluvial sites to evaluate the utility of physiographic regions, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ecoregions, aquatic zoogeographic regions, and hydrologic landscape regions (HLRs). A zoogeographic-physiographic (Z-P) region combination was tested along with nesting of HLR within all other frameworks. All frameworks were compared with a hierarchical grid that represented a neutral spatial framework and enabled us to examine effects of spatial autocorrelation. Classification strengths were inferred from the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of random-effects analysis of variance models. Seventy percent of the variation in eight commonly used functional bioassessment metrics was explained by two principal components (PCs), which were used to characterize the underlying structure of current bioassessment metrics and geographic variation in fish assemblages. The order of classification strengths of the frameworks tested was Z-P > ecoregion > zoogeography > physiography > HLR. The highest estimated ICC was 30% of the variance in the first PC of metrics explained by Z-P regions. As stand-alone frameworks, all frameworks except HLR could explain some variance in functional metrics above that attributable to spatial autocorrelation at the national scale. The HLR framework was the only spatially noncontiguous framework, and its weak classification strength reflects the importance of spatial autocorrelation in national-scale regionalizations. Whenever nested in other frameworks, HLR explained significant additional variation. A refinement of the Z-P framework and further integration with other frameworks such as HLR could lead to an improved, generally applicable framework for fish-based bioassessments. C1 [Frimpong, Emmanuel A.; Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Frimpong, EA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM frimp@vt.edu FU USGS Aquatic Gap Analysis Program; USEPA Science to Achieve Results program [RD-831368010] FX Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Aquatic Gap Analysis Program and the USEPA Science to Achieve Results program (RD-831368010). We are grateful to Michael R. Meador and David Wolock for providing access and guidance on retrieval and processing of USGS biological and spatial data. We also thank Michael R. Meador and Thomas P. Simon for constructive comments on earlier drafts. We are grateful to the five anonymous reviewers who offered many useful suggestions. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1872 EP 1895 DI 10.1577/T09-142.1 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500022 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR AF Nimmo, John R. TI Response to Germann's "Comment on 'Theory for Source-Responsive and Free-Surface Film Modeling of Unsaturated Flow'" SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRACTURE SURFACES; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; INFILTRATION; SOIL; REGIMES; MEDIA C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1102 EP 1104 DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0088 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 726PY UT WOS:000287739800028 ER PT J AU Caine, JS Bruhn, RL Forster, CB AF Caine, Jonathan Saul Bruhn, Ronald L. Forster, Craig B. TI Internal structure, fault rocks, and inferences regarding deformation, fluid flow, and mineralization in the seismogenic Stillwater normal fault, Dixie Valley, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fault zone; Seismicity; Fluid flow; Hydrothermal; Breccia textures; Silicification ID CRYSTALLINE THRUST SHEETS; ACTIVE NORMAL FAULTS; 1954 FAIRVIEW PEAK; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; ZONE ARCHITECTURE; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SEISMIC CYCLE; SHEAR-STRESS; PRESSURE AB Outcrop mapping and fault-rock characterization of the Stillwater normal fault zone in Dixie Valley, Nevada are used to document and interpret ancient hydrothermal fluid flow and its possible relationship to seismic deformation. The fault zone is composed of distinct structural and hydrogeological components. Previous work on the fault rocks is extended to the map scale where a distinctive fault core shows a spectrum of different fault-related breccias. These include predominantly clast-supported breccias with angular clasts that are cut by zones containing breccias with rounded clasts that are also clast supported. These are further cut by breccias that are predominantly matrix supported with angular and rounded clasts. The fault-core breccias are surrounded by a heterogeneously fractured damage zone. Breccias are bounded between major, silicified slip surfaces, forming large pod-like structures, systematically oriented with long axes parallel to slip. Matrix-supported breccias have multiply brecciated, angular and rounded clasts revealing episodic deformation and fluid flow. These breccias have a quartz-rich matrix with microcrystalline anhedral, equant, and pervasively conformable mosaic texture. The breccia pods are interpreted to have formed by decompression boiling and rapid precipitation of hydrothermal fluids whose flow was induced by coseismic, hybrid dilatant-shear deformation and hydraulic connection to a geothermal reservoir. The addition of hydrothermal silica cement localized in the core at the map scale causes fault-zone widening, local sealing, and mechanical heterogeneities that impact the evolution of the fault zone throughout the seismic cycle. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Caine, Jonathan Saul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bruhn, Ronald L.; Forster, Craig B.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Caine, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jscaine@usgs.gov OI Caine, Jonathan/0000-0002-7269-6989 FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [1434-93-G-2280] FX Funding for this work was provided by a U.S. Geological Survey, National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Grant # 1434-93-G-2280 to Forster and Bruhn who supported Caine with a graduate research assistantship at the University of Utah. Department of Geology and Geophysics from 1992 through 1995. We thank Bill Parry, Laurel Goodwin, Darrel Cowan, George Breit, Don Sweetkind, and Albert Hofstra, for helpful comments on an early version of this manuscript. Lyndsay Ball, Dan Faulkner, David Lockner, Steven Micklethwaite, and Rick Sibson provided critical reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank Bennet Leeper, Lori Chadwell, Kathleen Royster, and Bernard Seront who provided field assistance. NR 82 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 11 SI SI BP 1576 EP 1589 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2010.03.004 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 707KJ UT WOS:000286284900004 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Clarkson, P Goldstein, MI Haig, SM Lanctot, RB Tessler, DF Zwiefelhofer, D AF Johnson, Matthew Clarkson, Peter Goldstein, Michael I. Haig, Susan M. Lanctot, Richard B. Tessler, David F. Zwiefelhofer, Denny TI SEASONAL MOVEMENTS, WINTER RANGE USE, AND MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY OF THE BLACK OYSTERCATCHER SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Black Oystercatcher; British Columbia; Haematopus bachmani; migration; migratory connectivity; satellite telemetry ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ALASKA; POPULATION; TRANSMITTERS; PRODUCTIVITY; SHOREBIRDS; TRANSPORT; SUCCESS; DUCKS; GULF AB The Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) is an intertidal obligate along North America's Pacific coast and a species of high conservation concern (population size 8900-11 000 individuals). Understanding birds' movements and space use throughout the annual cycle has become paramount in the face of changing environmental conditions, and intertidal species may be particularly vulnerable to habitat change due to anticipated sea-level rise associated with climate change and increasing coastal development. Conservation of the Black Oystercatcher is hindered by a lack of information on the species' nonbreeding distribution, seasonal movements, and habitat connectivity. Using satellite (n = 19) and VHF (n = 19) radio transmitters, we tracked Black Oystercatchers from five breeding sites (Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Kodiak Island, Prince William Sound, Middleton Island, and Juneau, Alaska) through one and one half annual cycles (May 2007-Dec 2008). We documented medium- to long-distance migration (range of migration distance 130-1667 km) in three populations (Prince William Sound, Middleton Island, and Juneau) and year-round residency in two others (Kodiak and Vancouver Island). We observed variation in the timing and length of migration by study site, and individual birds demonstrated fidelity to breeding and nonbreeding sites. We did not observe strong migratory connectivity. Migratory oystercatchers distributed themselves widely along the coasts of British Columbia and southeast Alaska during winter. Results provide baseline information on the Black Oystercatcher's movements and space use throughout the annual cycle. C1 [Johnson, Matthew; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Clarkson, Peter] Pacific Rim Natl Pk Reserve Canada, Ucluelet, BC V0R 3A0, Canada. [Goldstein, Michael I.] USDA Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Tessler, David F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Zwiefelhofer, Denny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM matthew_johnson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Migratory Bird Management Division, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge); Alaska State Wildlife Grant; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Parks Canada (Pacific Rim National Park); U.S. Geological Survey (Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center); U.S. Forest Service (Alaska Region, Chugach National Forest and Tongass National Forest) FX We thank D. Mulcahy and G. Myers for their assistance implanting satellite transmitters, D. Douglas for assistance with PTT location data, and N. Peimann for his generous support of this research. M. Bray, B. Brown, F. Bruhwiler, B. Guzzetti, J. Lewis, N. Maryanski, A. Poe, and S. Youngstrom provided assistance in the field. Financial support was received from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Migratory Bird Management Division, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge), Alaska State Wildlife Grant Program, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Parks Canada (Pacific Rim National Park), the U.S. Geological Survey (Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center), U.S. Forest Service (Alaska Region, Chugach National Forest and Tongass National Forest). This research was conducted in accordance with the laws of the United States and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Oregon State University (3535) and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (07-096). Any use of trade, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 40 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 731 EP 743 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090215 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700012 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Matsuoka, SM AF Greenberg, Russell Matsuoka, Steven M. TI SPECIAL SECTION: RANGEWIDE ECOLOGY OF THE DECLINING RUSTY BLACKBIRD RUSTY BLACKBIRD: MYSTERIES OF A SPECIES IN DECLINE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE boreal wetlands; breeding ecology; Euphagus carolinus; range-wide conservation; Rusty Blackbird; winter ecology; wooded wetlands ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; BIRD AB The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) breeds across the boreal forest zone of North America and winters throughout the eastern United States. Over the past four decades, the North American Breeding Bird Survey and the Christmas Bird Count have shown high rates of population decline ranging from approximately 5 to 12% per year. Regional surveys suggest declines and range retractions in the southern boreal zone. Analyses of historical accounts suggest that the Rusty Blackbird's abundance has been dropping steadily for over a century. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the decline. The species relies on wooded wetlands throughout the year, so loss and degradation of these habitats-particularly in the winter range-is a prime suspect. Blackbird-control programs may have contributed. In recent decades, habitat disturbance, global warming, and environmental contamination in the boreal zone may have taken their toll on breeding populations. In 2005, the International Rusty Blackbird Working Group was formed to develop research efforts toward understanding the mysterious decline. This special section presents the group's research findings-the first on the species' use of breeding and winter habitat, reproductive success, parasite prevalence, patterns of molt, and migratory connectivity. Data on the levels of methylmercury in tissues and the role of timber management on reproductive success are intriguing. We outline research needed for assessment of the roles of various factors in causing the decline of the Rusty Blackbird. C1 [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Matsuoka, Steven M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 34 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100153 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700016 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Shaw, D Sinclair, PH Johnson, JA Corcoran, RM Dau, NC Meyers, PM Rojek, NA AF Matsuoka, Steven M. Shaw, David Sinclair, Pamela H. Johnson, James A. Corcoran, Robin M. Dau, Niels C. Meyers, Paul M. Rojek, Nora A. TI NESTING ECOLOGY OF THE RUSTY BLACKBIRD IN ALASKA AND CANADA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Canada; Euphagus carolinus; nesting ecology; nest-site selection; nest success; nest survival; Rusty Blackbird ID ARTIFICIAL SONGBIRD NESTS; PASSERINE BIRDS; RED SQUIRRELS; CLUTCH-SIZE; LONG-TERM; SURVIVAL; PREDATION; FOREST; SUCCESS; HABITAT AB We examined the nesting ecology of the Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) from 162 nests monitored for nest survival in Alaska and 252 incidental records from Alaska and Canada to identify important habitats for nesting and to test whether low rates of nest success are contributing to populations declines in Alaska. In coastal Alaska and throughout Canada, nests were primarily in conifers (85% of 212 nests). All conifer nests in Alaska and 80% of those in Canada were placed in spruce (Picea spp.), primarily black spruce (P. mariana). In Alaska use of small spruces (<8 cm dbh) was selective and resulted in high reproductive success-nest survival increased with black spruce density, and success of nests in spruce (79%) was higher than that of nests in deciduous vegetation (52%). Survival of nests in taller spruce declined, possibly from predation by red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Rusty Blackbirds nested near water in interior (<(x)over bar> = 8 m) and south-central Alaska ((x) over bar = 30 m), and small spruces near water appear to be important over much of the species' range. In interior Alaska, however, most nests were in willows (78%), which dominated the vegetation near water. Nest success in Alaska averaged 56%, similar to rates over the same period in New England but higher than those of other North American blackbirds (30-39%). Studies are needed to verify whether nest survival is also high in Canada and to investigate where and why deficits in survival of adults or juveniles may be limiting population growth. C1 [Matsuoka, Steven M.; Johnson, James A.; Dau, Niels C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Shaw, David] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5B7, Canada. [Corcoran, Robin M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mcgrath, AK 99627 USA. [Meyers, Paul M.] USDA Forest Serv, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. [Rojek, Nora A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Endangered Species Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Shaw, David] Alaska Bird Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM steve.matsuoka@ales.ualberta.ca FU Department of Defense; Canadian Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service (Region 10); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 7) FX We are grateful to all of the people that had the foresight to document their observations of nesting Rusty Blackbirds over the past century. We sincerely thank the many people participating in our studies in Alaska: F. Allen, L. DeCicco, H. Griese, S. Grimes, A. Johnson, E. Lance, R. Oates, L. Pajot, J. Terenzi, D. Tessler, G. Volper, and D. Welsh (Anchorage); E. Cooper, J. Fode, D. Loomis, and M. Truex (Copper River); N. DeWitt, S. Geurs, N. Hajdukovich, A. Harding, J. Jenkins, D. Kildaw, M. Kuter, C. Latty, J. Mizel, R. Ring, T. Swem, E. Whidden, and J. Zelenak (Fairbanks); C. Fisher, A. Harding, J. Montgomery, R. Rabinovitz, and L. Sweikert (Tanana Flats); and R. Rabinovitz (Tetlin). We are grateful to Bird Studies Canada and the provincial nest-record schemes coordinated by the Federation of Alberta Naturalists, the Royal Ontario Museum, the Canadian Museum of Nature, and Environment Canada for providing access to nest-record data from Canada, and to M. Mossop for transcribing data from these nest-record cards to the ProjectNestWatch database. M. Bertram, M. Cady, C. Hardwood, K. Martin, and K. Sowl generously provided unpublished records of nesting Rusty Blackbirds in Alaska. We are particularly grateful to A. Amji, D. Battle, C. Gardner, H. Griese, and C. McKee for providing logistical support for our work on military lands in Alaska and to B. Johnson for supporting our work at Tetlin. We thank N. DeWitt and S. Sharbaugh for advice on study designs and S. Droege, C. Eberly, K. Hannah, and T. Swem for encouraging us to focus our attention on breeding Rusty Blackbirds in Alaska. We are grateful to R. Greenberg, L. Powell, and an anonymous reviewer for improving earlier versions of the manuscript. Finally, we thank the members of the International Rusty Blackbird Working Group for engaging us in the rangewide research and conservation of this declining species. This project was generously funded by the Department of Defense's Legacy Resource Management Program, Canadian Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service (Region 10), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 7). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 810 EP 824 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100149 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700020 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Shaw, D Johnson, JA AF Matsuoka, Steven M. Shaw, David Johnson, James A. TI ESTIMATING THE ABUNDANCE OF NESTING RUSTY BLACKBIRDS IN RELATION TO WETLAND HABITATS IN ALASKA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; boreal wetlands; double sampling; Euphagus carolinus; habitat selection; nesting abundance; Rusty Blackbird ID RIPARIAN AB We used double sampling to estimate densities of Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) nests among boreal wetlands in Anchorage and Tanana Flats, Alaska, 2007-2008. We also assessed habitat selection by examining the number and location of nests relative to the availability of various wetland types. We rapidly surveyed 78 sample units for adult Rusty Blackbirds and intensively searched for nests in a subset of 55 units to determine actual numbers of nests. Rapid surveys detected 97% of the 75 nests when we restricted counts to pairs and lone females. They overestimated nest numbers by 17% when we included in the counts lone males, which sometimes made long flights within and between sample units. Nest densities in sampled wetlands averaged 2.2 and 3.4 nests km(-2) in Anchorage and Tanana Flats, respectively, surprisingly similar despite wetlands being rare in Anchorage. An abundance of wetlands made identifying important breeding habitats difficult on the Tanana Flats, where blackbirds used most wetland types in relation to their availability and avoided wetlands with low shrubs. Habitat selection was clearer in Anchorage, where ponds, lakes, and wetlands with emergent vegetation were positive predictors of nest abundance. In this area blackbirds also selected forested wetlands and avoided upland habitats for nest sites. An affinity for open water has been noted throughout the Rusty Blackbird's breeding range. Research is needed to understand whether this affinity is due to specialized food requirements and to assess whether this species is vulnerable to widespread drying of wetlands across boreal Alaska. C1 [Matsuoka, Steven M.; Johnson, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Shaw, David] Alaska Bird Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM steve.matsuoka@ales.ualberta.ca FU Department of Defense's Legacy Resource Management; Alaska Bird Observatory; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Migratory Bird Management FX We are particularly grateful to A. R. Ajmi, D. Battle, C. D. Gardner, and P. C. McKee of the U.S. Army, H. J. Griese of the U.S. Air Force, and N. DeWitt and A. Ruggles of the Alaska Bird Observatory for providing logistical support for our work on military lands in Alaska. This study was not possible without the hard work and careful data collection by N. C. Dau, H. J. Griese, S. B. Grimes, A. Johnson, L. H. DeCicco, E. W. Lance, R. M. Oates, J. Terenzi, and D. F. Tessler in Anchorage and A. M. Harding, C. Fisher, J. Montgomery, R. J. Rabinovitz, and L. Sweikert on the Tanana Flats. We thank B. A. Andres, J. Bart, C. M. Handel, C. S. Machtans, and S. M. Sharbaugh for sharing with us their expertise in designing surveys for birds. We thank R. Greenberg, C. S. Machtans, and an anonymous reviewer for improving an earlier draft of the manuscript. Finally, we thank the members of the International Rusty Blackbird Working Group for instilling in us a rangewide perspective into the research and conservation of this species. This project was generously funded by the Department of Defense's Legacy Resource Management Program, Alaska Bird Observatory, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Migratory Bird Management. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 825 EP 833 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100148 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700021 ER PT J AU Barnard, WH Mettke-Hofmann, C Matsuoka, SM AF Barnard, William H. Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia Matsuoka, Steven M. TI PREVALENCE OF HEMATOZOA INFECTIONS AMONG BREEDING AND WINTERING RUSTY BLACKBIRDS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Rusty Blackbird; hematozoa; blood parasites; Leucocytozoon; Haemoproteus; Trypanosoma; microfilaria ID AVIAN HEMATOZOA; BLOOD PARASITES; PASSERIFORM BIRDS; PATHOGENICITY; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNOLOGY; REDSTARTS; ECOLOGY; SEASON; WILD AB The Rusty Blackbird (Euphugus carolinus) has declined precipitously over the past several decades, and stressors on both the breeding and wintering grounds are suspected causes. Over 3 years, we collected blood samples from breeding birds in Alaska and Maine and from wintering birds in Mississippi and Arkansas to determine the prevalence of hematozoan infections at different times of the year. The prevalence of hematozoa (percent of birds infected) in Alaska was 44% of 43 birds, lower than previously reported from Newfoundland and Ontario (83% of 23 birds). Blood parasites were found among 67% of 12 Rusty Blackbirds sampled in Maine, not different from the prevalence in Newfoundland and Ontario. Leucocytozoon was the most common parasite; few breeding birds were infected with Plasmodium or Trypanosoma sp. During the winter in Mississippi and Arkansas, the overall prevalence of hernatozoa was 49% over three years. In winter as in summer, Leucocytozoon was the most commonly encountered parasite (n = 62 birds), followed by Haemoproteus (n = 5), microfilaria (n = 2), Trypanosoma (n = 2), and Plasmodium (n = 1). The prevalence of hematozoa among wintering Rusty Blackbirds was much higher than expected because winter is generally a time when there are few transmissions and in most birds blood parasites are absent from the peripheral circulation. This high prevalence might indicate a nonseasonal relapse of hematozoan infections among wintering birds; possibly due to high levels of stress, which are known to lower the immune response and trigger nonseasonal relapses. C1 [Barnard, William H.] Norwich Univ, Dept Biol, Northfield, VT 05663 USA. [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Matsuoka, Steven M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Barnard, WH (reprint author), Norwich Univ, Dept Biol, 158 Harmon Dr, Northfield, VT 05663 USA. EM barnard@norwich.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 849 EP 853 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.100143 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700024 ER EF