FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU LeVeque, RJ George, DL Berger, MJ AF LeVeque, Randall J. George, David L. Berger, Marsha J. BE Iserles, A TI Tsunami modelling with adaptively refined finite volume methods SO ACTA NUMERICA 2011, VOL 20 SE Acta Numerica LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; WAVE-PROPAGATION METHOD; INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; WELL-BALANCED SCHEME; GODUNOV-TYPE METHODS; NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; MESH REFINEMENT; SOURCE TERMS; REPRODUCIBLE RESEARCH AB Numerical modelling of transoceanic tsunami propagation, together with the detailed modelling of inundation of small-scale coastal regions, poses a number of algorithmic challenges. The depth-averaged shallow water equations can be used to reduce this to a time-dependent problem in two space dimensions, but even so it is crucial to use adaptive mesh refinement in order to efficiently handle the vast differences in spatial scales. This must be done in a 'well-balanced' manner that accurately captures very small perturbations to the steady state of the ocean at rest. Inundation can be modelled by allowing cells to dynamically change from dry to wet, but this must also be done carefully near refinement boundaries. We discuss these issues in the context of Riemann-solver-based finite volume methods for tsunami modelling. Several examples are presented using the GeoClaw software, and sample codes are available to accompany the paper. The techniques discussed also apply to a variety of other geophysical flows. C1 [LeVeque, Randall J.] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [George, David L.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Berger, Marsha J.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP LeVeque, RJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rjl@uw.edu; dgeorge@usgs.gov; berger@cims.nyu.edu OI LeVeque, Randall/0000-0003-1384-4504 NR 95 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0962-4929 BN 978-1-107-01086-4 J9 ACTA NUMER PY 2011 VL 20 BP 211 EP 289 DI 10.1017/S0962492911000043 PG 79 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BWM57 UT WOS:000294235900003 ER PT B AU Thenkabail, PS Hanjra, MA Dheeravath, V Gumma, M AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Hanjra, Munir A. Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu Gumma, Muralikrishna BE Weng, Q TI Global Croplands and Their Water Use from Remote Sensing and Nonremote Sensing Perspectives SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAND-COVER; IRRIGATED AREAS; TIME-SERIES; MULTITEMPORAL MODIS; MANAGEMENT; CHINA; INDIA; MAPS; AGRICULTURE; RESOURCES C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hanjra, Munir A.] Charles Stuart Univ, Int Ctr Water Food Secur, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. [Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu] United Nations Joint Logist Ctr, World Food Program, Juba, South Sudan, Sudan. [Gumma, Muralikrishna] Int Rice Res Ctr, Manila, Philippines. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2011 BP 383 EP 419 D2 10.1201/b10599 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC2WS UT WOS:000351396200017 ER PT B AU Xian, G Homer, C Yang, LM AF Xian, George Homer, Collin Yang, Limin BE Weng, Q TI Development of the USGS National Land-Cover Database over Two Decades SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC ACCURACY; COMPLETION; CLIMATE; IMAGERY C1 [Xian, George] ARTS USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Homer, Collin; Yang, Limin] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), ARTS USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2011 BP 525 EP 543 D2 10.1201/b10599 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC2WS UT WOS:000351396200022 ER PT S AU Dohm, JM Miyamoto, H Ori, GG Fairen, AG Davila, AF Komatsu, G Mahaney, WC Williams, JP Joye, SB Di Achille, G Oehler, DZ Marzo, GA Schulze-Makuch, D Acocella, V Glamoclija, M Pondrelli, M Boston, P Hart, KM Anderson, RC Baker, VR Fink, W Kelleher, BP Furfaro, R Gross, C Hare, TM Frazer, AR Ip, F Allen, CCR Kim, KJ Maruyama, S McGuire, PC Netoff, D Parnell, J Wendt, L Wheelock, SJ Steele, A Hancock, RGV Havics, RA Costa, P Krinsley, D AF Dohm, J. M. Miyamoto, H. Ori, G. G. Fairen, A. G. Davila, A. F. Komatsu, G. Mahaney, W. C. Williams, J. -P. Joye, S. B. Di Achille, G. Oehler, D. Z. Marzo, G. A. Schulze-Makuch, D. Acocella, V. Glamoclija, M. Pondrelli, M. Boston, P. Hart, K. M. Anderson, R. C. Baker, V. R. Fink, W. Kelleher, B. P. Furfaro, R. Gross, C. Hare, T. M. Frazer, A. R. Ip, F. Allen, C. C. R. Kim, K. J. Maruyama, S. McGuire, P. C. Netoff, D. Parnell, J. Wendt, L. Wheelock, S. J. Steele, A. Hancock, R. G. V. Havics, R. A. Costa, P. Krinsley, D. BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI An inventory of potentially habitable environments on Mars: Geological and biological perspectives SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HAUGHTON IMPACT STRUCTURE; FRASASSI CAVE SYSTEM; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; SEA-FLOOR BRINES; SP-NOV.; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SLOPE STREAKS AB On Earth, biology, hydrology, and geology are interlinked such that certain types of life are often associated with specific conditions, including rock type, pressure, temperature, and chemistry. Life on Earth has established itself in diverse and extreme niches, presenting the possibility that Mars, too, may hold records of fossilized and/or extant life in diverse environments. Geologic, paleohydrologic, and climatic conditions through the evolution of Mars are similar in many respects to conditions occurring during the evolution of Earth and, as such, may point to environments on Mars with potential to have supported living systems. Here, we discuss examples of those Martian settings. Such extraterrestrial environments should be targeted by international robotic and/or manned missions to explore potential fossilized or extant life on Mars. C1 [Dohm, J. M.; Baker, V. R.; Wheelock, S. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, J. M.; Miyamoto, H.] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo, Japan. [Ori, G. G.; Komatsu, G.; Pondrelli, M.] Univ G dAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Pescara, Italy. [Fairen, A. G.; Davila, A. F.; Marzo, G. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fairen, A. G.; Davila, A. F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Komatsu, G.] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba, Japan. [Mahaney, W. C.] Quaternary Surveys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Williams, J. -P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Williams, J. -P.] Ashima Res, Pasadena, CA USA. [Joye, S. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Di Achille, G.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oehler, D. Z.] NASA, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Marzo, G. A.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Acocella, V.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci Geol, Rome, Italy. [Glamoclija, M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Boston, P.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM USA. [Hart, K. M.; Kelleher, B. P.] Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Anderson, R. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fink, W.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Biomed Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Furfaro, R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gross, C.; Wendt, L.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, Berlin, Germany. [Hare, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Frazer, A. R.; Allen, C. C. R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Med Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, Ireland. [Ip, F.] Pima Cty Flood Control Dist, Tucson, AZ USA. [Kim, K. J.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geol & Environm Hazards Div, Taejon, South Korea. [Maruyama, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [McGuire, P. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netoff, D.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. [Parnell, J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Hancock, R. G. V.] McMaster Univ, Dept Med Phys & Appl Radiat Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Hancock, R. G. V.] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Havics, R. A.] pH2 LLC, Avon, IN 46123 USA. [Havics, R. A.] McCrone Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Costa, P.] Univ Lisbon, Dept Geol, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Krinsley, D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Kelleher, Brian/D-6224-2012; Costa, Pedro/I-1216-2012; OI Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Costa, Pedro/0000-0001-6573-0539; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476 NR 358 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 317 EP 347 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(21) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100022 ER PT S AU Chan, MA Nicoll, K Ormo, J Okubo, C Komatsu, G AF Chan, Marjorie A. Nicoll, Kathleen Ormoe, Jens Okubo, Chris Komatsu, Goro BE Garry, WB Bleacher, JE TI Utah's geologic and geomorphic analogs to Mars-An overview for planetary exploration SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JURASSIC NAVAJO SANDSTONE; LARGE ALLUVIAL FANS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; COLORADO PLATEAU; UPHEAVAL DOME; TERRESTRIAL ANALOGS; OUTFLOW CHANNELS; FLUID-FLOW; HEMATITE CONCRETIONS; INTERDUNE DEPOSITS AB Utah offers spectacular geologic features and valuable analog environments and processes for Mars studies. Horizontal strata of the Colorado Plateau are analogous to Mars because the overprint of plate tectonics is minimal, yet the effects of strong ground motion from earthquakes or impacts are preserved in the sedimentary record. The close proximity of analog environments and lack of vegetative cover are advantages for field and remote-sensing studies. Dry, desert climate and modern wind processes of Utah are comparable to Mars and its current surface. Analogs in Utah include eolian, sabkha and saline bodies, glacial, lacustrine, spring, alluvial, fluvial, delta, and outflow channel depositional environments, as well as volcanic landforms and impact craters. Analogous secondary processes producing modification features include: diagenetic concretions, weathering and soils, sinkholes, sapping, knobs and pinnacles, crusts and varnish, and patterned grounds. Utah's physical and chemical environments are analogous to conditions on Mars where water existed and could support microorganisms. The development of Mars includes: ancient and modern depositional records, burial and diagenesis, uplift and tectonic alteration, and modern sculpting or weathering of the surface exposures. Recent satellite images are providing unprecedented details that rival the outcrop scale. Analogs in Utah are prime field localities that can be utilized in planning future robotic and human missions to Mars, and for teaching the next generation of planetary explorers. C1 [Chan, Marjorie A.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Nicoll, Kathleen] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ormoe, Jens] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Torrejon De Ardoz 28850, Spain. [Okubo, Chris] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Komatsu, Goro] Univ G dAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. RP Chan, MA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 South 1460 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM marjorie.chan@utah.edu NR 169 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2483-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 483 BP 349 EP 375 DI 10.1130/2011.2483(22) D2 10.1130/9780813724836 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BHX33 UT WOS:000326925100023 ER PT S AU Daedlow, K Beard, TD Arlinghaus, R AF Daedlow, Katrin Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Arlinghaus, Robert BE Beard, TD Arlinghaus, R Sutton, SG TI A Property Rights-Based View on Management of Inland Recreational Fisheries: Contrasting Common and Public Fishing Rights Regimes in Germany and the United States SO ANGLER IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL, AND ETHICAL DEMENSIONS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Recreational Fishing Conference (WRFC) CY NOV 10-12, 2008 CL Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum, Dania Beach, FL SP Int Game Fish Assoc HO Int Game Fish Assoc, Fish Hall Fame & Museum ID ENGLAND GROUNDFISH STOCKS; ILLEGAL ANGLING HARVEST; FRESH-WATER FISHERIES; NATURAL-RESOURCES; ACTIVE MANAGEMENT; NORTHERN PIKE; LENGTH LIMITS; BROAD-SCALE; CONSERVATION; REGULATIONS AB In this paper, we describe and contrast the features of common and public fishing rights regimes in inland recreational fisheries management, using Germany as an example of a common property rights regime and the United States as an example of a public property rights regime. The German case is further distinguished into a common property rights regime at the regional level in "East Germany" (conducted by angler associations) and at the local level in "West Germany" (conducted by angling clubs). Comparisons are done using established concepts from property rights theory and common-pool resource literature followed by a discussion of strength and weaknesses of sustainable resource management for the different property-rights regimes examined. The strengths of common property rights regimes, particularly if on a small scale such as in West Germany, include good possibilities for controlling angling effort, fostering traditional ecological knowledge, and developing emotional attachments to local fisheries. Moreover, the high level of anglers' involvement in local decision making facilitates intensive communication among anglers and between anglers and managers, which may result in timely conflict resolution, commitment to rules, and peer pressure towards rule compliance. Strengths of public property rights regimes for inland recreational fisheries, as in the United States, include a high professional standard for conducting monitoring and stock assessment activities along with the ability to develop a landscape perspective for recreational fisheries management. This facilitates scale matching to solve problems based on science-based planning of regulations and management intervention, which may better avoid the pitfalls of "one-size-fits-all" policies. Irrespective of the governance system in place, a risk of pronounced rivalry among users for access to common-pool resources, such as fish stocks within defined boundaries of either state, angler association, or angling club waters, remains. This highlights the need for continued enforcement of rules and regulations along with continued communication with stakeholders. This is particularly challenging in large-scale management systems, as in East Germany and the United States. Our paper forms a basis for further research on recreational fisheries governance to identify suitable property-rights regimes for specific cultural, social, and ecological settings. C1 [Daedlow, Katrin; Arlinghaus, Robert] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Daedlow, Katrin] Humboldt Univ, Div Resource Econ, Fac Agr & Hort, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Daedlow, K (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. EM katrin.daedlow@agrar.hu-berlin FU German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) within the Program for Social-Ecological Research [01UU0907]; German Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Community FX Funding for this study was provided through the project Adaptfish, granted to RA by the German Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Community (www.adaptfish.igb-berlin.de). Further funding was received through the Besatzfisch grant to RA by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) within the Program for Social-Ecological Research (grant no. 01UU0907, www.besatz-fisch.de). We acknowledge three anonymous reviewers' and Andrew Loftus's detailed and constructive input on previous versions of this paper. NR 125 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-24-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 75 BP 13 EP 38 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QU UT WOS:000393632400002 ER PT J AU Love, JJ AF Love, J. J. TI Long-term biases in geomagnetic K and aa indices SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; General or miscellaneous; Instruments and techniques ID GROUP SUNSPOT NUMBERS; SOLAR-CYCLE; RECONSTRUCTION; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; SYSTEMS; INDICES; SURFACE; STORMS; EARTH AB Analysis is made of the geomagnetic-activity aa index and its source K-index data from groups of ground-based observatories in Britain, and Australia, 1868.0-2009.0, solar cycles 11-23. The K data show persistent biases, especially for high (low) K-activity levels at British (Australian) observatories. From examination of multiple subsets of the K data we infer that the biases are not predominantly the result of changes in observatory location, localized induced magnetotelluric currents, changes in magnetometer technology, or the modernization of K-value estimation methods. Instead, the biases appear to be artifacts of the latitude-dependent scaling used to assign K values to particular local levels of geomagnetic activity. The biases are not effectively removed by weighting factors used to estimate aa. We show that long-term averages of the aa index, such as annual averages, are dominated by medium-level geomagnetic activity levels having K values of 3 and 4. C1 US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1365 EP 1375 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1365-2011 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 814LQ UT WOS:000294455800005 ER PT J AU Bossu, R Earle, PS AF Bossu, Remy Earle, Paul S. TI ON THE USE OF THE INTERNET TO COLLECT EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bossu, Remy] European Mediterranean Seismol Ctr EMSC, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Earle, Paul S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bossu, R (reprint author), European Mediterranean Seismol Ctr EMSC, Ljubljana, Slovenia. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA PI ROME PA VIA VIGNA MURATA 605, ROME, 00143, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 672 EP 672 DI 10.4401/ag-5549 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879DU UT WOS:000299310700001 ER PT J AU Wald, DJ Quitoriano, V Worden, B Hopper, M Dewey, JW AF Wald, David J. Quitoriano, Vincent Worden, Bruce Hopper, Margaret Dewey, James W. TI USGS "Did You Feel It?" Internet-based macroseismic intensity maps SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) system is an automated approach for rapidly collecting macroseismic intensity data from Internet users' shaking and damage reports and generating intensity maps immediately following earthquakes; it has been operating for over a decade (1999-2011). DYFI-based intensity maps made rapidly available through the DYFI system fundamentally depart from more traditional maps made available in the past. The maps are made more quickly, provide more complete coverage and higher resolution, provide for citizen input and interaction, and allow data collection at rates and quantities never before considered. These aspects of Internet data collection, in turn, allow for data analyses, graphics, and ways to communicate with the public, opportunities not possible with traditional data-collection approaches. Yet web-based contributions also pose considerable challenges, as discussed herein. After a decade of operational experience with the DYFI system and users, we document refinements to the processing and algorithmic procedures since DYFI was first conceived. We also describe a number of automatic post-processing tools, operations, applications, and research directions, all of which utilize the extensive DYFI intensity datasets now gathered in near-real time. DYFI can be found online at the website http://earthquake.usgs.gov/dyfi/. C1 [Wald, David J.; Quitoriano, Vincent; Hopper, Margaret; Dewey, James W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Worden, Bruce] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Wald, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wald@usgs.gov FU Earthquake Program Web Team FX We are thankful for helpful reviews from Daniel Amorese and Roger Musson. Greg Smoczyk produced the US and global maps of intensity and hazards; other maps were made using GMT [Wessel and Smith 1995]. DYFI fundamentally relies on the capabilities put into place on and beneath the hood of the USGS Earthquake Program Webpages; for this we thank the Earthquake Program Web Team. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA PI ROME PA VIA VIGNA MURATA 605, ROME, 00143, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 688 EP 707 DI 10.4401/ag-5354 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879DU UT WOS:000299310700004 ER PT J AU Earle, PS Bowden, DC Guy, M AF Earle, Paul S. Bowden, Daniel C. Guy, Michelle TI Twitter earthquake detection: earthquake monitoring in a social world SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is investigating how the social networking site Twitter, a popular service for sending and receiving short, public text messages, can augment USGS earthquake response products and the delivery of hazard information. Rapid detection and qualitative assessment of shaking events are possible because people begin sending public Twitter messages (tweets) with in tens of seconds after feeling shaking. Here we present and evaluate an earthquake detection procedure that relies solely on Twitter data. A tweet-frequency time series constructed from tweets containing the word "earthquake" clearly shows large peaks correlated with the origin times of widely felt events. To identify possible earthquakes, we use a short-term-average, long-term-average algorithm. When tuned to a moderate sensitivity, the detector finds 48 globally-distributed earthquakes with only two false triggers in five months of data. The number of detections is small compared to the 5,175 earthquakes in the USGS global earthquake catalog for the same five-month time period, and no accurate location or magnitude can be assigned based on tweet data alone. However, Twitter earthquake detections are not without merit. The detections are generally caused by widely felt events that are of more immediate interest than those with no human impact. The detections are also fast; about 75% occur within two minutes of the origin time. This is considerably faster than seismographic detections in poorly instrumented regions of the world. The tweets triggering the detections also provided very short first-impression narratives from people who experienced the shaking. C1 [Earle, Paul S.; Bowden, Daniel C.; Guy, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Earle, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pearle@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 35 PU ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA PI ROME PA VIA VIGNA MURATA 605, ROME, 00143, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 708 EP 715 DI 10.4401/ag-5364 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879DU UT WOS:000299310700005 ER PT S AU Reed, SC Cleveland, CC Townsend, AR AF Reed, Sasha C. Cleveland, Cory C. Townsend, Alan R. BE Futuyma, DJ Shaffer, HB Simberloff, D TI Functional Ecology of Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation: A Contemporary Perspective SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS, VOL 42 SE Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE asymbiotic; biogeochemistry; nonsymbiotic; nutrients; nifH gene ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SOIL-AGE GRADIENT; NIFH GENE POOLS; DINITROGEN FIXATION; LONG-TERM; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; AZOTOBACTER-CHROOCOCCUM; LITTER DECOMPOSITION AB Nitrogen (N) availability is thought to frequently limit terrestrial ecosystem processes, and explicit consideration of N biogeochemistry, including biological N-2, fixation, is central to understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change. Yet, the importance of free-living N-2 fixation-a process that occurs on a wide variety of substrates, is nearly ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems, and may often represent the dominant pathway for acquiring newly available N-is often underappreciated. Here, we draw from studies that investigate free-living N-2 fixation from functional, physiological, genetic, and ecological perspectives. We show that recent research and analytical advances have generated a wealth of new information that provides novel insight into the ecology of N-2 fixation as well as raises new questions and priorities for future work. These priorities include a need to better integrate free-living N-2 fixation into conceptual and analytical evaluations of the N cycle's role in a variety of global change scenarios. C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM screed@usgs.gov NR 139 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 17 U2 169 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-592X BN 978-0-8243-1442-2 J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2011 VL 42 BP 489 EP 512 DI 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145034 PG 24 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA BYN42 UT WOS:000299438300022 ER PT J AU Hanson, KC Ostrand, KG AF Hanson, Kyle C. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Potential effects of global climate change on National Fish Hatchery operations in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review DE Climate change; Hatchery operations; Pacific salmon; Pacific Northwest; Columbia River ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; FRESH-WATER; LIFE-HISTORY; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; CHANGE IMPACTS; MARINE FISHES; YAKIMA RIVER AB Global climate change is predicted to be a major force in altering ecosystem processes and animal behavior worldwide in the coming years. Currently, many Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. stocks are imperiled due to harvest, habitat loss, and anthropogenic disturbance across much of their native range, and climate change has been predicted to have further negative effects on these species. Artificial propagation has been used by multiple resource agencies to conserve salmon populations and increase numbers in the Columbia River watershed, including the National Fish Hatchery (NFH) system in the Pacific Northwest, which annually produces more than 60 million juvenile Pacific salmonids. The species and populations that are supplemented through the NFH system, as well as operations at the NFHs themselves, will be affected by global climate change and forced to adapt. This review provides a preliminary summary of the potential effects of climate change on the NFH system in the Pacific Northwest, focusing on the topics that will be of most relevance to NFH operations. A series of proactive measures, which are in various stages of action, are outlined that should quantify climate change threats to the operations of specific NFHs and allow for flexibility in adjusting operations to continue to meet conservation and supplementation goals in the face of an uncertain future. C1 [Hanson, Kyle C.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov NR 84 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1869-215X J9 AQUACULT ENV INTERAC JI Aquac. Environ. Interact. PY 2011 VL 1 IS 3 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.3354/aei00018 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 786NC UT WOS:000292314200001 ER PT J AU Seitz, AC Loher, T Norcross, BL Nielsen, JL AF Seitz, Andrew C. Loher, Timothy Norcross, Brenda L. Nielsen, Jennifer L. TI Dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spawning component; Spawning dispersal; Pacific halibut; PSAT tag; PAT tag; Bering Sea; Aleutian Islands ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; ELECTRONIC TAGS; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; SITE FIDELITY; ARCHIVAL TAGS; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; GEOLOCATION; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS AB Currently, it is assumed that eastern Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis belong to a single, fully mixed population extending from California through the Bering Sea, in which adult halibut disperse randomly throughout their range during their lifetime. However, we hypothesize that halibut dispersal is more complex than currently assumed and is not spatially random. To test this hypo thesis, we studied the seasonal dispersal and behavior of Pacific halibut in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI). Pop-up Archival Transmitting tags attached to halibut (82 to 154 cm fork length) during the summer provided no evidence that individuals moved out of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region into the Gulf of Alaska during the mid-winter spawning season, supporting the concept that this region contains a separate spawning group of adult halibut. There was evidence for geographically localized groups of halibut along the Aleutian Island chain, as all of the individuals tagged there displayed residency, with their movements possibly impeded by tidal currents in the passes between islands. Mid-winter aggregation areas of halibut are assumed to be spawning grounds, of which 2 were previously unidentified and extend the species' presumed spawning range similar to 1000 km west and similar to 600 km north of the nearest documented spawning area. If there are indeed independent spawning groups of Pacific halibut in the BSAI, their dynamics may vary sufficiently from those of the Gulf of Alaska, so that specifically accounting for their relative segregation and unique dynamics within the larger population model will be necessary for correctly predicting how these components may respond to fishing pressure and changing environmental conditions. C1 [Seitz, Andrew C.; Norcross, Brenda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Loher, Timothy] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Nielsen, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Seitz, AC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM aseitz@ims.uaf.edu FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; International Pacific Halibut Commission; U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center; University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences; Central Bering Sea Fishermen's Association; Aleutian Pribilof Island Community Development Association; North Pacific Research Board FX This project was made possible by: Capt. S. Swetzof Jr. and the crew of the FV 'Wind Dancer', Capt. R. Zwahlen, Capt. Doug Lyle, and crew of the FV 'Heritage', and Capt. J. Martindale and crew of the FV 'Pacific Sun' during fishing operations; International Pacific Halibut Commission Port Sampler L. O'Neil, for St. Paul Island logistics; IPHC Sea Samplers Andy Vatter, for deploying tags in Bering Canyon; R. Ames, E. Ekroth, L. Mattes, A. Williams, A. Delisle, M. Monk, and D. Rafla, for tagging assistance; and P. Lestenkof of Central Bering Sea Fishermen's Association, for housing on St. Paul Island. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the International Pacific Halibut Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center, the University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Central Bering Sea Fishermen's Association, the Aleutian Pribilof Island Community Development Association, and the North Pacific Research Board. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.3354/ab00333 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 778IA UT WOS:000291696100004 ER PT J AU Melillo-Sweeting, K Reid, JP Gittens, L Adimey, N Dillet, JZ AF Melillo-Sweeting, Kelly Reid, James P. Gittens, Lester Adimey, Nicole Dillet, Jared Z. TI Observations and Relocation of a West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus) off Bimini, The Bahamas SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article C1 [Melillo-Sweeting, Kelly] Dolphin Commun Project, Old Mystic, CT 06372 USA. [Reid, James P.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Gittens, Lester; Dillet, Jared Z.] Dept Marine Resources, Nassau, Bahamas. [Adimey, Nicole] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. RP Melillo-Sweeting, K (reprint author), Dolphin Commun Project, POB 711, Old Mystic, CT 06372 USA. EM kelly@dcpmail.org OI Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 BP 502 EP 505 DI 10.1578/AM.37.4.2011.502 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 882DM UT WOS:000299541700007 ER PT S AU McMahon, PB Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM AF McMahon, Peter B. Chapelle, Francis H. Bradley, Paul M. BE Tratnyek, PG Grundl, TJ Haderlein, SB TI Evolution of Redox Processes in Groundwater SO AQUATIC REDOX CHEMISTRY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 21-25, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Sustainable Theme Comm, Amer Sugar Cane League, V Lab Inc, Amer Chem Soc ID HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; GLACIAL OUTWASH AQUIFER; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; ORGANIC-CARBON; FLOW PATHS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL REACTIONS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RIPARIAN ZONE AB Reduction/oxidation (redox) processes affect the chemical quality of groundwater in all aquifer systems. The evolution of redox processes in groundwater is dependent on many factors such as the source and distribution of electron donors and acceptors in the aquifer, relative rates of redox reaction and groundwater flow, aquifer confinement, position in the flow system, and groundwater mixing. Redox gradients are largely vertical in the recharge areas of unconfined aquifers dominated by natural sources of electron donors, whereas substantial longitudinal redox gradients can develop in unconfined aquifers when anthropogenic sources of electron donors are dominant. Longitudinal redox gradients predominate in confined aquifers. Electron-donor limitations can result in the preservation of oxic groundwater over flow distances of many kilometers and groundwater residence, times of several thousand years in some aquifers. Where electron donors are abundant, redox conditions can evolve from oxygen reducing to methanogenic over substantially shorter flow distances and residence times. C1 [McMahon, Peter B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2652-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1071 BP 581 EP 597 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BBA15 UT WOS:000306257800026 ER PT J AU Corbett, DG AF Corbett, Debra G. TI Two Chiefs' Houses from the Western Aleutian Islands SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The earliest Russian explorers of the Aleutians described Near Island chiefs' houses that were larger than those of ordinary people. The Russians noted that these houses were also functionally different than ordinary dwellings. Chiefs entertained guests, sheltered widows and orphans, and hosted religious ceremonies in their houses. Between 1997 and 2003, Western Aleutians Archaeological and Paleobiological Project (WAAPP) archaeologists excavated two unusual structures on the Near Islands of Buldir and Attu that may have been the houses of chiefs. The structures were larger than ordinary houses, with substantial whalebone structural components. Perhaps of more significance are the substantial caches of artifacts, parts of animals, and burials associated with the structures. The items used in the construction appear to have had spiritual significance, suggesting that people with great power and authority occupied the structures. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Corbett, DG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 905TU UT WOS:000301298700002 ER PT S AU Klett, TR Pitman, JK AF Klett, T. R. Pitman, J. K. BE Spencer, AM Embry, AF Gautier, DL Stoupakova, AV Sorensen, K TI Geology and petroleum potential of the East Barents Sea Basins and Admiralty Arch SO ARCTIC PETROLEUM GEOLOGY SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Geological Congress (IGC) CY AUG 06-14, 2008 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Int Marine Minerals Soc, petr ind ID ARCTIC SHELF; MODEL; EVOLUTION; REGION; TECTONICS; BALTICA; FACIES; PART AB The US Geological Survey (USGS) recently assessed the potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources of the East Barents Basins and Novaya Zemlya Basins and Admiralty Arch Provinces as part of the USGS Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal. These two provinces are located NE of Scandinavia and the northwestern Russian Federation, on the Barents Sea Shelf between Novaya Zemlya to the east and the Barents Platform to the west. Three assessment units (AUs) were defined in the East Barents Basins for this study - Kolguyev Terrace Assessment Unit (AU), South Barents Basin and Ludlov Saddle AU, and North Barents Basin AU. A fourth, defined as Novaya Zemlya Basins and Admiralty Arch AU, is coincident with the Novaya Zemlya basins and Admiralty Arch Province. These AUs, all lying north of the Arctic Circle, were assessed for undiscovered, technically recoverable resources resulting in total estimated mean volumes of approximately 7.4 billion barrels of crude oil, 318 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 1.4 billion barrels of natural gas liquids. C1 [Klett, T. R.; Pitman, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Klett, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tklett@usgs.gov NR 98 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-328-8 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2011 VL 35 DI 10.1144/M35.19 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA BYY32 UT WOS:000300715800019 ER PT S AU Moore, TE Pitman, JK AF Moore, Thomas E. Pitman, Janet K. BE Spencer, AM Embry, AF Gautier, DL Stoupakova, AV Sorensen, K TI Geology and petroleum potential of the Eurasia Basin SO ARCTIC PETROLEUM GEOLOGY SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Geological Congress (IGC) CY AUG 06-14, 2008 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Int Marine Minerals Soc, petr ind ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; LOMONOSOV RIDGE; HEAT-FLOW; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; NORTHERN RUSSIA; GAKKEL RIDGE; LAPTEV SEA; TAIMYR; MARGIN AB The Eurasia Basin petroleum province comprises the younger, eastern half of the Arctic Ocean, including the Cenozoic Eurasia Basin and the outboard part of the continental margin of northern Europe. For the USGS petroleum assessment (CARA), it was divided into four assessment units (AUs): the Lena Prodelta AU, consisting of the deep-marine part of the Lena Delta; the Nansen Basin Margin AU, comprising the passive margin sequence of the Eurasian plate; and the Amundsen Basin and Nansen Basin AUs which encompass the abyssal plains north and south of the Gakkel Ridge spreading centre, respectively. The primary petroleum system thought to be present is sourced in c. 50-44 Ma (Early to Middle Eocene) condensed pelagic deposits that could be widespread in the province. Mean estimates of undiscovered, technically recoverable petroleum resources include,1 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and about 1.4 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of nonassociated gas in Lena Prodelta AU, and <0.4 BBO and 3.4 TCF nonassociated gas in the Nansen Basin Margin AU. The Nansen Basin and Amundsen Basin AUs were not quantitatively assessed because they have less than 10% probability of containing at least one accumulation of 50 MMBOE (million barrels of oil equivalent). C1 [Moore, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tmoore@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-328-8 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2011 VL 35 DI 10.1144/M35.48 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BYY32 UT WOS:000300715800048 ER PT S AU Saltus, RW Miller, EL Gaina, C Brown, PJ AF Saltus, R. W. Miller, E. L. Gaina, C. Brown, P. J. BE Spencer, AM Embry, AF Gautier, DL Stoupakova, AV Sorensen, K TI Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: a framework for geodynamic interpretation SO ARCTIC PETROLEUM GEOLOGY SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Geological Congress (IGC) CY AUG 06-14, 2008 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Int Marine Minerals Soc, petr ind ID BAFFIN-BAY; MANTLE; PLUME; BASIN; ANOMALIES; LAURENTIA; CANADA; CRATON; RIDGE AB We identify and discuss 57 magnetic anomaly pattern domains spanning the Circum-Arctic. The domains are based on analysis of a new Circum-Arctic data compilation. The magnetic anomaly patterns can be broadly related to general geodynamic classification of the crust into stable, deformed (magnetic and nonmagnetic), deep magnetic high, oceanic and large igneous province domains. We compare the magnetic domains with topography/bathymetry, regional geology, regional free air gravity anomalies and estimates of the relative magnetic 'thickness' of the crust. Most of the domains and their geodynamic classification assignments are consistent with their topographic/bathymetric and geological expression. A few of the domains are potentially controversial. For example, the extent of the Iceland Faroe large igneous province as identified by magnetic anomalies may disagree with other definitions for this feature. Also the lack of definitive magnetic expression of oceanic crust in Baffin Bay, the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the Amerasian Basin is at odds with some previous interpretations. The magnetic domains and their boundaries provide clues for tectonic models and boundaries within this poorly understood portion of the globe. C1 [Saltus, R. W.; Brown, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Saltus, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM saltus@usgs.gov RI Gaina, Carmen/I-5213-2015 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-328-8 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2011 VL 35 DI 10.1144/M35.4 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA BYY32 UT WOS:000300715800004 ER PT J AU Haase, KB Jordan, C Mentis, E Cottrell, L Mayne, HR Talbot, R Sive, BC AF Haase, K. B. Jordan, C. Mentis, E. Cottrell, L. Mayne, H. R. Talbot, R. Sive, B. C. TI Changes in monoterpene mixing ratios during summer storms in rural New Hampshire (USA) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; PTR-MS; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; AEROSOL FORMATION; PINE PLANTATION; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AIR; NEW-ENGLAND AB Monoterpenes are an important class of biogenic hydrocarbons that influence ambient air quality and are a principle source of secondary organic aerosol ( SOA). Emitted from vegetation, monoterpenes are a product of photosynthesis and act as a response to a variety of environmental factors. Most parameterizations of monoterpene emissions are based on clear weather models that do not take into account episodic conditions that can drastically change production and release rates into the atmosphere. Here, the monoterpene dataset from the rural Thompson Farm measurement site in Durham, New Hampshire is examined in the context of a set of known severe storm events. While some storm systems had a negligible influence on ambient monoterpene mixing ratios, the average storm event increased mixing ratios by 0.59 +/- 0.21 ppbv, a factor of 93% above pre-storm levels. In some events, mixing ratios reached the 10's of ppbv range and persisted overnight. These mixing ratios correspond to increases in the monoterpene emission rate, ranging from 120 to 1240 g km(-2) h(-1) compared to an estimated clear weather rate of 116 to 193 g km(-2) h(-1). Considering the regularity of storm events over most forested areas, this could be an important factor to consider when modeling global monoterpene emissions and their resulting influence on the formation of organic aerosols. C1 [Mayne, H. R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Haase, K. B.; Jordan, C.; Mentis, E.; Cottrell, L.; Talbot, R.; Sive, B. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Haase, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM khaase@usgs.gov FU Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4600154, NA05OAR4601080] FX Financial Support for this work was provided through the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under grants NA04OAR4600154 and NA05OAR4601080. We thank E. Fitz, T. Hagan, K. Garrison, K. Carpenter, Y. Zhou, R. Russo, J. Ambrose, M. White, H. Mao and others who have contributed to the measurements and management of the extensive AIRMAP database. The US Geological Survey also provided time and resources for the completion of the final manuscript. We would like to thank our reviewers for their thoughtful input. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11465 EP 11476 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11465-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200010 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Gotelli, NJ Ellison, AM AF Dorazio, Robert M. Gotelli, Nicholas J. Ellison, Aaron M. BE Grillo, O Venora, G TI Modern Methods of Estimating Biodiversity from Presence-Absence Surveys SO BIODIVERSITY LOSS IN A CHANGING PLANET LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES COOCCURRENCE PATTERNS; SITE OCCUPANCY MODELS; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; OBSERVATION ERROR; COMMUNITIES; RICHNESS; DETECTABILITY; ACCUMULATION C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gotelli, Nicholas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT USA. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-707-9 PY 2011 BP 277 EP 302 D2 10.5772/1832 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA BE4XB UT WOS:000372185600014 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Blum, LK AF Kirwan, M. L. Blum, L. K. TI Enhanced decomposition offsets enhanced productivity and soil carbon accumulation in coastal wetlands responding to climate change SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; BACTERIA; RESPIRATION; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; SEAGRASS; BIOMASS AB Coastal wetlands are responsible for about half of all carbon burial in oceans, and their persistence as a valuable ecosystem depends largely on the ability to accumulate organic material at rates equivalent to relative sea level rise. Recent work suggests that elevated CO2 and temperature warming will increase organic matter productivity and the ability of marshes to survive sea level rise. However, we find in a series of preliminary experiments that organic decomposition rates increase by about 20% per degree of warming. Our measured temperature sensitivity is similar to studies from terrestrial systems, three times as high as the response of salt marsh productivity to temperature warming, and greater than the productivity response associated with elevated CO2 in C-3 marsh plants. Although the experiments were simple and of short duration, they suggest that enhanced CO2 and warmer temperatures could actually make marshes less resilient to sea level rise, and tend to promote a release of soil carbon. Simple projections indicate that elevated temperatures will increase rates of sea level rise more than any acceleration in organic matter accumulation, suggesting the possibility of a positive feedback between climate, sea level rise, and carbon emissions in coastal environments. C1 [Kirwan, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kirwan, M. L.; Blum, L. K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mkirwan@usgs.gov RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0080381, DEB-0087256]; USGS FX We gratefully acknowledge technical assistance of Gina Casciano in the field and laboratory. Glenn Guntenspergen and Cat Wolner reviewed drafts of the manuscript. Access to the study site was provided by The Nature Conservancy. Logistical support and access to precipitation data were provided by the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research Site funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0080381). Support for the microbial and litter decomposition portion of this work was provided under a NSF Long Term Ecological Research Intersite Comparison Grant (DEB-0087256). Additional support came from the USGS Global Change Research Program. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 10 U2 65 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 4 BP 987 EP 993 DI 10.5194/bg-8-987-2011 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 756MV UT WOS:000290017000013 ER PT J AU Ballantyne, AP Brahney, J Fernandez, D Lawrence, CL Saros, J Neff, JC AF Ballantyne, A. P. Brahney, J. Fernandez, D. Lawrence, C. L. Saros, J. Neff, J. C. TI Biogeochemical response of alpine lakes to a recent increase in dust deposition in the Southwestern, US SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH-MOUNTAIN LAKES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; AIRBORNE DUST; AEOLIAN DUST AB The deposition of dust has recently increased significantly over some regions of the western US. Here we explore how changes in dust deposition have affected the biogeochemistry of two alpine watersheds in Colorado, US. We first reconstruct recent changes in the mass accumulation rate of sediments and then we use isotopic measurements in conjunction with a Bayesian mixing model to infer that approximately 95% of the inorganic fraction of lake sediments is derived from dust. Elemental analyses of modern dust indicate that dust is enriched in Ca, Cr, Cu, Mg, Ni, and in one watershed, Fe and P relative to bedrock. The increase in dust deposition combined with its enrichment in certain elements has altered the biogeochemisty of these systems. Both lakes showed an increase in primary productivity as evidenced by a decrease in carbon isotopic discrimination; however, the cause of increased primary productivity varies due to differences in watershed characteristic. The lake in the larger watershed experienced greater atmospheric N loading and less P loading from the bedrock leading to a greater N: P flux ratio. In contrast, the lake in the smaller watershed experienced less atmospheric N loading and greater P loading from the bedrock, leading to a reduced N: P flux ratio. As a result, primary productivity was more constrained by N availability in the smaller watershed. N-limited primary productivity in the smaller watershed was partly ameliorated by an increase in nitrogen fixation as indicated by reduced nitrogen isotopic values in more contemporary sediments. This study illustrates that alpine watersheds are excellent integrators of changes in atmospheric deposition, but that the biogeochemical response of these watersheds may be mediated by their physical (i.e. watershed area) and chemical (i. e. underlying geology) properties. C1 [Ballantyne, A. P.; Brahney, J.; Fernandez, D.; Neff, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lawrence, C. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Saros, J.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA. [Saros, J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol, Orono, ME USA. RP Ballantyne, AP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ashley.ballantyne@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI Brahney, Janice/0000-0001-7614-2855; NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 FU US National Science Foundation [0948823, 1027341] FX We would like to thank Cody Flagg, Sarah Castle, and Chris Landry for assistance with fieldwork. We also appreciate the assistance of John Drexler and Paul Bonny in the Department of Geological Sciences, CU Boulder who helped with sample preparation and analysis. Logistical support was also provided by the Mountain Studies Institute of Silverton, Colorado, USA. This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation Awards #0948823 and #1027341. Additional support to A. P. B. was also provided through the National Research Council, USA. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2689 EP 2706 DI 10.5194/bg-8-2689-2011 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 826SU UT WOS:000295375700020 ER PT J AU Mazzotti, FJ Cherkiss, MS Hart, KM Snow, RW Rochford, MR Dorcas, ME Reed, RN AF Mazzotti, Frank J. Cherkiss, Michael S. Hart, Kristen M. Snow, Ray W. Rochford, Michael R. Dorcas, Michael E. Reed, Robert N. TI Cold-induced mortality of invasive Burmese pythons in south Florida SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Python molurus; Florida Everglades; Cold temperatures; Invasive species; Mortality; Thermoregulation ID LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS AB A recent record cold spell in southern Florida (2-11 January 2010) provided an opportunity to evaluate responses of an established population of Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) to a prolonged period of unusually cold weather. We observed behavior, characterized thermal biology, determined fate of radio-telemetered (n = 10) and non-telemetered (n = 104) Burmese pythons, and analyzed habitat and environmental conditions experienced by pythons during and after a historic cold spell. Telemetered pythons had been implanted with radio-transmitters and temperature-recording data loggers prior to the cold snap. Only one of 10 telemetered pythons survived the cold snap, whereas 59 of 99 (60%) non-telemetered pythons for which we determined fate survived. Body temperatures of eight dead telemetered pythons fluctuated regularly prior to 9 January 2010, then declined substantially during the cold period (9-11 January) and exhibited no further evidence of active thermoregulation indicating they were likely dead. Unusually cold temperatures in January 2010 were clearly associated with mortality of Burmese pythons in the Everglades. Some radio-telemetered pythons appeared to exhibit maladaptive behavior during the cold spell, including attempting to bask instead of retreating to sheltered refugia. We discuss implications of our findings for persistence and spread of introduced Burmese pythons in the United States and for maximizing their rate of removal. C1 [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Cherkiss, Michael S.; Rochford, Michael R.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Snow, Ray W.] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Mazzotti, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM fjma@ufl.edu FU US Geological Survey; US National Park Service Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative; South Florida Water Management District FX This research was supported by the US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science program, the US National Park Service Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative, and the South Florida Water Management District. We thank T. Kiechkefer and T. Hill for tracking and collecting pythons, J. Vinci for making figures, S. Williams for formatting the manuscript, and R. Harvey for editing the manuscript. Everglades National Park agents, park staff, park partners, and visitors assisted by reporting observations and helping to recover pythons. We are especially indebted to B. Hill of the South Florida Water Management District for his reports. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from H. Waddle, P. Schofield and both anonymous reviewers. Permits and approvals required for this research were obtained from the US National Park Service and the Animal Research Committee at the University of Florida. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the US Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 11 U2 102 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9797-5 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695GT UT WOS:000285359300017 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Reynolds, LV AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Reynolds, Lindsay V. TI Challenges of predicting the potential distribution of a slow-spreading invader: a habitat suitability map for an invasive riparian tree SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Exotic plant species; Habitat suitability model; Maxent; Riparian; Russian olive ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS; RUSSIAN-OLIVE; ELAEAGNUS-ANGUSTIFOLIA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; THRESHOLD CRITERIA; PLANT INVASIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ZONES; RIVER AB Understanding the potential spread of invasive species is essential for land managers to prevent their establishment and restore impacted habitat. Habitat suitability modeling provides a tool for researchers and managers to understand the potential extent of invasive species spread. Our goal was to use habitat suitability modeling to map potential habitat of the riparian plant invader, Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia). Russian olive has invaded riparian habitat across North America and is continuing to expand its range. We compiled 11 disparate datasets for Russian olive presence locations (n = 1,051 points and 139 polygons) in the western US and used Maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to develop two habitat suitability maps for Russian olive in the western United States: one with coarse-scale water data and one with fine-scale water data. Our models were able to accurately predict current suitable Russian olive habitat (Coarse model: training AUC = 0.938, test AUC = 0.907; Fine model: training AUC = 0.923, test AUC = 0.885). Distance to water was the most important predictor for Russian olive presence in our coarse-scale water model, but it was only the fifth most important variable in the fine-scale model, suggesting that when water bodies are considered on a fine scale, Russian olive does not necessarily rely on water. Our model predicted that Russian olive has suitable habitat further west from its current distribution, expanding into the west coast and central North America. Our methodology proves useful for identifying potential future areas of invasion. Model results may be influenced by locations of cultivated individuals and sampling bias. Further study is needed to examine the potential for Russian olive to invade beyond its current range. Habitat suitability modeling provides an essential tool for enhancing our understanding of invasive species spread. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Reynolds, Lindsay V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reynolds, Lindsay V.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9798-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695GT UT WOS:000285359300018 ER PT B AU Billington, N Sloss, BL AF Billington, Neil Sloss, Brian L. BE Barton, BA TI Molecular Systematics of Sander, and Hybridization between Walleye and Sauger SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND CULTURE OF WALLEYE AND SAUGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MISSOURI RIVER RESERVOIRS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TELEOSTEI PERCIDAE; CRAPPIE POPULATION; DARTERS TELEOSTEI; FAMILY PERCIDAE C1 [Billington, Neil] Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Billington, N (reprint author), Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. NR 101 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-22-6 PY 2011 BP 85 EP 104 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BVR93 UT WOS:000292616800003 ER PT S AU Bennett, JP AF Bennett, James P. BE Bates, ST Bungartz, F Lucking, R HerreraCampos, MA Zambrano, A TI Copper mines may affect lichens of two Southern Arizona national protected areas SO BIOMONITORING, ECOLOGY, AND SYSTEMATICS OF LICHENS: RECOGNIZING THE LICHENOLOGICAL LEGACY OF THOMAS H. NASH III ON HIS 65TH BIRTHDAY SE Bibliotheca Lichenologica LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE copper; enrichment factors; mining; lichens; Arizona ID FIRE AB Lichens in two national protected areas in Arizona, Chiricahua National Monument and Saguaro National Park, were sampled in 1986, 1993 and 1994 for elemental contents to determine if elevated levels of elemental deposition occurred. Eight species of lichens were used with Pseudevernia intensa and several Usnea species in common. Unusually high concentrations of Cu were found at Chiricahua compared to Saguaro, with a maximum value of 350 ppm being found in Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia at one locality. Many copper mines exist in Southern Arizona, with the Johnson (approximately 80 km west) and Bisbee (approximately 90 km southwest) mines being close to Chiricahua, suggesting the lichens are either enriched in Cu from fugitive dust from the mines, even though they have been closed for over 100 years, or from similar copper minerals in the rocks. C1 [Bennett, James P.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bennett, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jpbennet@wisc.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J CRAMER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1436-1698 BN 978-3-443-58085-8 J9 BIBL LICHENOL JI Bibl. Lichen. PY 2011 VL 106 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BVF22 UT WOS:000291365700003 ER PT B AU O'Connell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU AF O'Connell, Allan F. Nichols, James D. Karanth, K. Ullas BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Camera Traps in Animal Ecology Methods and Analyses Introduction SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID OCCUPANCY; SOFTWARE; DYNAMICS; DESIGN C1 [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP O'Connell, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aoconnell@usgs.gov; jnichols@usgs.gov; ukaranth@gmail.com NR 20 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800002 ER PT B AU O'Connell, A Nichols, J Karanth, U AF O'Connell, Allan Nichols, Jim Karanth, Ullas BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Camera Traps in Animal Ecology Methods and Analyses Preface SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [O'Connell, Allan] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nichols, Jim] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP O'Connell, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aoconnell@usgs.gov; jnichols@usgs.gov; ukaranth@gmail.com NR 8 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP V EP VII D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800001 ER PT B AU Nichols, JD Karanth, KU O'Connell, AF AF Nichols, James D. Karanth, K. Ullas O'Connell, Allan F. BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Science, Conservation, and Camera Traps SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES RICHNESS; POPULATION-SIZE; RAIN-FOREST; DENSITIES; MAMMALS; TIGERS; COMMUNITIES; OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE; INFERENCE C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov; ukaranth@gmail.com; aoconnell@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800005 ER PT B AU Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Kumar, NS AF Karanth, K. Ullas Nichols, James D. Kumar, N. Samba BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Estimating Tiger Abundance from Camera Trap Data: Field Surveys and Analytical Issues SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MAMMAL POPULATION-SIZE; PANTHERA-TIGRIS; MARK-RECAPTURE; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; PREY POPULATIONS; ROBUST DESIGN; INDIA; RADIOTELEMETRY C1 [Karanth, K. Ullas; Kumar, N. Samba] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, 26-2 Aga Abbas Ali Rd,Apt 403, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. EM ukaranth@gmail.com; jnichols@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 97 EP 117 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800008 ER PT B AU Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Kumar, NS Jathanna, D AF Karanth, K. Ullas Nichols, James D. Kumar, N. Samba Jathanna, Devcharan BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Estimation of Demographic Parameters in a Tiger Population from Long-term Camera Trap Data SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; PANTHERA-TIGRIS-ALTAICA; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; IMMIGRATION; VIABILITY; DENSITIES; INDIA C1 [Karanth, K. Ullas; Kumar, N. Samba; Jathanna, Devcharan] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, 26-2 Aga Abbas Ali Rd,Apt 403, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. EM ukaranth@gmail.com; jnichols@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800010 ER PT B AU Royle, JA Gardner, B AF Royle, J. Andrew Gardner, Beth BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Hierarchical Spatial Capture-Recapture Models for Estimating Density from Trapping Arrays SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULATION-SIZE; DATA AUGMENTATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; CAMERA-TRAP; COUNTS; OCELOT C1 [Royle, J. Andrew; Gardner, Beth] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 163 EP 190 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_10 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800011 ER PT B AU O'Connell, AF Bailey, LL AF O'Connell, Allan F. Bailey, Larissa L. BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Inference for Occupancy and Occupancy Dynamics SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; IMPERFECT DETECTION; MULTIPLE STATES; DESIGN; FOREST; CONSERVATION C1 [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP O'Connell, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aoconnell@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_11 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800012 ER PT B AU Nichols, JD O'Connell, AF Karanth, KU AF Nichols, James D. O'Connell, Allan F. Karanth, K. Ullas BE OConnell, AF Nichols, JD Karanth, KU TI Camera Traps in Animal Ecology and Conservation: What's Next? SO CAMERA TRAPS IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY: METHODS AND ANALYSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; POPULATION-SIZE; OCCUPANCY ESTIMATION; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; MULTIPLE STATES; DENSITY; ABUNDANCE; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov; aoconnell@usgs.gov; ukaranth@gmail.com NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 978-4-431-99494-7 PY 2011 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4_14 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-99495-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFV28 UT WOS:000321526800015 ER PT J AU Jones, SL AF Jones, Stephanie L. TI Territory Size in Mixed-grass Prairie Songbirds SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Baird's Sparrow; Ammodramus bairdii; Grasshopper Sparrow; Ammodramus savannarum; Sprague's Pipit; Anthus spragueii; flush mapping; grassland birds; territory mapping ID NORTHCENTRAL MONTANA; COMMUNITY; SPACE AB I estimated breeding territory size in mixed-grass prairie songbirds, and explored how it varied among bird species, time-of-season, and year. The study was conducted at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge in north-central Montana during 2007-2009. Across all species, months and years, mean breeding territory size was estimated at 0.43 ha (SE = 0.03, n = 129). Estimates were nearly identical across study species: Sprague's Pipits (Anthus spragueii), Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum), and Baird's (A. bairdii) sparrows. There was no significant variation in territory size across months, suggesting little to no dependence on nest phase. In contrast, I found significant variation in territory size among years (P = 0.034), that did not interact meaningfully with species (R(2) = 0.02, P = 0.603). This suggests that factors that vary annually appear to be affecting all bird species in a similar manner, which could be related to differences in vegetation structure and/or site quality (perhaps as a function of weather) or less likely, variation in population density. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jones, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 25486 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Stephanie_Jones@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nongame Migratory Bird Coordinator, Region 6 FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nongame Migratory Bird Coordinator, Region 6. Reference to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, or manufacturer does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency. Special thanks go to M. J. Artmann, who analyzed and mapped the territory data using GIS/ARCINFO. J. S. Dieni and Mac-Dougall Jones assisted with the analysis and offered many comments and insights that greatly improved this manuscript. S. K. Davis, A. J. Erskine and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 125 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831QK UT WOS:000295746000004 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME Mech, LD AF Nelson, Michael E. Mech, L. David TI Wolves, Canis lupus, Carry and Cache the Collars of Radio-collared White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, they Killed SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wolf; Canis lupus; White-tailed Deer; Odocoileus virginianus; caching; radio-collars; den; homesite; Minnesota AB Wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota cached six radio-collars (four in winter, two in spring-summer) of 202 radio-collared White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginian us) they killed or consumed from 1975 to 2010. A Wolf bedded on top of one collar cached in snow. We found one collar each at a Wolf den and Wolf rendezvous site, 2.5 km and 0.5 km respectively, from each deer's previous locations. C1 [Nelson, Michael E.; Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM Michael_nelson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; United States Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station; Special Projects Foundation FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station, and the Special Projects Foundation. We also acknowledge volunteer wildlife technicians who assisted in live capture of deer and who helped retrieve collars. We also thank the pilots of the U.S. Forest Service for skillful and safe flying. We followed the American Society of Mammalogists Guidelines (Animal Care and Use Committee 1998) for animal handling and care in conducting research. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 125 IS 1 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831QK UT WOS:000295746000017 ER PT J AU Vinson, MR Budy, P AF Vinson, Mark R. Budy, Phaedra TI Sources of variability and comparability between salmonid stomach contents and isotopic analyses: study design lessons and recommendations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC POSITION; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; SAMPLE TREATMENT; STREAM FISHES; LIFE-HISTORY; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; CARBON AB We compared sources of variability and cost in paired stomach content and stable isotope samples from three salmonid species collected in September 2001-2005 and describe the relative information provided by each method in terms of measuring diet overlap and food web study design. Based on diet analyses, diet overlap among brown trout, rainbow trout, and mountain whitefish was high, and we observed little variation in diets among years. In contrast, for sample sizes n >= 25, 95% confidence interval (CI) around mean delta N-15 and delta C-13 for the three target species did not overlap, and species, year, and fish size effects were significantly different, implying that these species likely consumed similar prey but in different proportions. Stable isotope processing costs were US$12 per sample, while stomach content analysis costs averaged US$25.49 +/- $2.91 (95% CI) and ranged from US$1.50 for an empty stomach to US$291.50 for a sample with 2330 items. Precision in both delta N-15 and delta C-13 and mean diet overlap values based on stomach contents increased considerably up to a sample size of n = 10 and plateaued around n = 25, with little further increase in precision. C1 [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Vinson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM mvinson@usgs.gov RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 55 TC 16 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1139/F10-117 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SK UT WOS:000287146300012 ER PT J AU Garrettson, PR Richkus, KD Rohwer, FC Johnson, WP AF Garrettson, P. R. Richkus, K. D. Rohwer, F. C. Johnson, W. P. TI Factors influencing investigator-caused nest abandonment by North American dabbling ducks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; CLUTCH SIZE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; BROOD SURVIVAL; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; WILD MALLARDS; PRAIRIE DUCKS; LIFE-HISTORY; RISK-TAKING; DEFENSE AB Nous examinons les facteurs (espece, age du nid, date du debut de construction du nid, taille de la couvee, activite des predateurs) qui peuvent affecter la probabilite de l'abandon du nid a la suite d'une intervention d'un chercheur chez des canards barboteurs nord-americains et nous faisons des predictions basees sur la theorie de l'investissement parental. Pour l'ensemble des nids, le meilleur modele contient l'espece, le stade du nid, la date du debut de construction du nid et l'interaction entre l'espece et la date de debut de construction du nid. La probabilite d'abandon chez les canards colverts (Anas platyrhynchos L., 1758) est constamment plus elevee que chez les sarcelles a ailes bleues (Anas discors L., 1766). Chez ces especes, la probabilite d'abandon augmente en fonction des dates plus tardives, alors que le patron contraire s'observe chez les canards chipeaux (Anas strepera L., 1758), les canards pilets (Anas acuta L., 1758) et les canards souchets (Anas clypeata L., 1758). L'abandon par toutes les especes diminue a mesure que le stade du nid progresse. Les pondeuses hatives (< 5 oeufs) sont 7 fois et les pondeuses tardives 2 fois plus susceptibles d'abandonner leur nid que les femelles couveuses. Durant l'incubation, la probabilite d'abandon est 38 % plus elevee au debut de la periode (< 8 jours) qu'a la fin; elle diminue de 19 % pour chaque oeuf additionnel dans la couvee totale. Nous proposons un modele nouveau en deux etapes dans lequel l'abandon du nid par les canards barboteurs est influence surtout par les occasions de reproduction future durant la ponte et les benefices attendus par l'episode actuel de reproduction durant l'incubation. C1 [Garrettson, P. R.; Richkus, K. D.; Rohwer, F. C.; Johnson, W. P.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Garrettson, PR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM pam_garrettson@fws.gov FU Delta Waterfowl Foundation FX The Delta Waterfowl Foundation funded this research. P. Garrettson and K. Richkus received assistantships from Louisiana State University during the completion of fieldwork. J. Ackerman, D. Krementz, G. Smith, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We are grateful to the approximately 75 assistants who helped us collect data, as well as to the more than 300 landowners who allowed us to conduct research on their land. All research complied with current laws in the United States and Canada. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 89 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1139/Z10-095 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 699AT UT WOS:000285637000007 ER PT S AU Friedel, MJ AF Friedel, Michael J. BE Baba, A Gunduz, O Friedel, MJ Tayfur, G Howard, KWF Chambel, A TI Climate Change Effects on Ecosystem Services in the United States - Issues of National and Global Security SO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS EFFECTS ON WATER RESOURCES: ISSUES OF NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources - Issues of National and Global Security CY SEP 01-04, 2010 CL Izmir, TURKEY DE Climate change; Ecosystem services; El Nino; La Nina; Groundwater recharge; Self-organizing map; Hindcasting; Forecasting; Uncertainty AB Climate change is one possible external driver of ecosystem services. In the tropical Pacific, short-term climate change is influenced by oceanic Kelvin waves that induce remote temperatures to rise (El Nino event) or decrease (La Nina event). This teleconnection is not globally uniform; in the United States (U.S.) drought conditions induced by El Nino commonly appear in the northern latitudes, whereas drought induced by La Nina occurs in the southern latitudes. Should natural or anthropogenic climate forcing influence the frequency or intensity of drought, there is a potential for catastrophic events to occur placing our national and global security at risk. Because climate forcing interacts with ecosystems characterized by nonlinear and multivariate processes over local-to-global and immediate-to-long-term scales, their assessment and prediction are challenging. This study demonstrates the efficacy of an alternative modeling paradigm based on using a self-organizing map to examine and predict the role that climatic change has on water-resource related ecosystem services. Examples include: (1) hindcasting 2,000 years of temperature and precipitation across states in the south-central and southwestern U.S.; (2) forecasting climate-induced groundwater recharge variability across subbasins in mid-western U.S.; and, (3) forecasting climate-change effects on post-fire hydrology and geomorphology in the western U.S. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov; mfriedel@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-1142-6 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1143-3_3 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BXY41 UT WOS:000297619100003 ER PT S AU Gurdak, JJ McMahon, PB Bruce, BW AF Gurdak, Jason J. McMahon, Peter B. Bruce, Breton W. BE Treidel, H MartinBordes, JL Gurdak, JJ TI Vulnerability of groundwater quality to human activity and climate change and variability, High Plains aquifer, USA SO CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES: A GLOBAL SYNTHESIS OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SE International Contributions to Hydrogeology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; SUSTAINABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; IMPACTS; STORAGE; FUTURE; TIME AB Groundwater resources are affected by human activities and climate change and variability in many complex ways. Although many such studies to date have focused on the quantity of groundwater resources, the quality of groundwater may be a limiting factor for some intended uses such as drinking-or irrigation-water supply and to the long-term sustainability of many groundwater resources worldwide. This chapter characterizes the vulnerability of groundwater quality to coupled human activities and climate change and variability by focusing on important findings and policy implications of a recent (1999 to 2009) groundwater-quality study of the High Plains aquifer (450,000 km(2)). In the United States, the High Plains aquifer is the most heavily used aquifer and currently supports one of the largest agricultural economies, but groundwater from this important aquifer is being used at unsustainable rates. Results indicate that contamination, especially elevated nitrate concentrations primarily from agricultural sources, is typically found in shallow groundwater and may be a limiting factor for some intended uses such as drinking-water supply at local and some sub-regional scales. The quality of groundwater from deeper in the High Plains aquifer, where most private, public-supply, and irrigation wells are screened, is generally suitable for drinking and as irrigation water. However, during the past 50 to 60 years, small but measurable increases in concentrations of contaminants in water-supply wells have occurred because of differences in spatial climate patterns, the conversion of rangeland to irrigated cropland, mobilization of natural and anthropogenic solutes in the unsaturated zone, chemical transport to the water table along fast or preferential pathways, mixing of shallower (younger) and deeper (older) groundwater by high-capacity and multiple-screened wells, a limited ability within the aquifer to naturally attenuate some contaminants such as nitrate, and the influence of interannual to multidecadal climate variability on recharge rates and chemical mobilization to the water table. Findings and policy implications of this study may help managers of the High Plains aquifer and other similar aquifers worldwide to prioritize areas that are most sensitive to coupled human activities and climate change and variability, and implement best management practices in the context of adaptability and long-term sustainability of groundwater resources. C1 [Gurdak, Jason J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [McMahon, Peter B.; Bruce, Breton W.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Gurdak, JJ (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM jgurdak@sfsu.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0936-3912 BN 978-0-203-12076-7 J9 INT CONTRIBUT HYDROG PY 2011 VL 27 BP 145 EP 167 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BD5MW UT WOS:000361607800009 ER PT J AU Harrison, L Michaelsen, J Funk, C Husak, G AF Harrison, L. Michaelsen, J. Funk, C. Husak, G. TI Effects of temperature changes on maize production in Mozambique SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Temperature trends; Maize; Phenology; Degree-days; Mozambique ID HEAT-STRESS; GROWING-SEASON; GRAIN-GROWTH; YIELD; DURATION; CORN; ACCUMULATION; TOLERANCE; LENGTH AB We examined intraseasonal changes in maize phenology and heat stress exposure over the 1979-2008 period, using Mozambique meteorological station data and maize growth requirements in a growing degree-day model. Identifying historical effects of warming on maize growth is particularly important in Mozambique because national food security is highly dependent on domestic food production, most of which is grown in already warm to hot environments. Warming temperatures speed plant development, shortening the length of growth periods necessary for optimum plant and grain size. This faster phenological development also alters the timing of maximum plant water demand. In hot growing environments, temperature increases during maize pollination threaten to make midseason crop failure the norm. In addition to creating a harsher thermal environment, we find that early season temperature increases have caused the maize reproductive period to start earlier, increasing the risk of heat and water stress. Declines in time to maize maturation suggest that, independent of effects to water availability, yield potential is becoming increasingly limited by warming itself. Regional variations in effects are a function of the timing and magnitude of temperature increases and growing season characteristics. Continuation of current climatic trends could induce substantial yield losses in some locations. Farmers could avoid some losses through simple changes to planting dates and maize varietal types. C1 [Harrison, L.; Michaelsen, J.; Funk, C.; Husak, G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, C.] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci ERO, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Harrison, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM harrison@geog.ucsb.edu FU U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System Network under U.S. Geological Survey [G09AC00001]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Precipitation Science [NNX07AG266] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System Network under U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement #G09AC00001 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Precipitation Science Grant #NNX07AG266. We thank these agencies for their support. We also thank and acknowledge Blessing Siwela and Tamuka Magadzire of the SADC RRSU for the major Mozambique production zones spatial data and John MacRobert of CIMMYT for the maize varietal information. Also thanks to three anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.3354/cr00979 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768SF UT WOS:000290957700002 ER PT J AU Brooks, WE Mora, CG Jackson, JC McGeehin, JP Hood, DG AF Brooks, William E. Mora, Cesar G. Jackson, John C. McGeehin, John P. Hood, Darden G. BE Stracher, GB Prakash, A Sokol, EV TI Coal and Ancient Man: Cremation at the Tschudi Burn, Chan Chan, Northern Peru SO COAL AND PEAT FIRES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, VOL 1: COAL - GEOLOGY AND COMBUSTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COPPER C1 [Brooks, William E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mora, Cesar G.] Inst Nacl Cultura, Trujillo, Peru. [Jackson, John C.; McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Hood, Darden G.] MicroAnalytica LLC, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Brooks, WE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093163-0 PY 2011 BP 63 EP 81 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52858-2.00004-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BGD14 UT WOS:000322370900005 ER PT B AU Martin-Fernandez, JA Palarea-Albaladejo, J Olea, RA AF Antoni Martin-Fernandez, Josep Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier Olea, Ricardo Antonio BE PawlowskyGlahn, V Buccianti, A TI Dealing with zeros SO COMPOSITIONAL DATA ANALYSIS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPOSITIONAL DATA SETS; MULTINOMIAL DATA; ROUNDED ZEROS; MODEL C1 [Antoni Martin-Fernandez, Josep] Univ Girona, Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math, Girona, Spain. [Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier] JCMB, Biomath & Stat Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Olea, Ricardo Antonio] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Martin-Fernandez, JA (reprint author), Univ Girona, Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math, Girona, Spain. EM josepantoni.martin@udg.edu; jpalarea@pdi.ucam.edu; rolea@usgs.gov RI Martin-Fernandez, Josep-Antoni/B-9208-2011 OI Martin-Fernandez, Josep-Antoni/0000-0003-2366-1592 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-97647-9; 978-0-470-71135-4 PY 2011 BP 43 EP 58 D2 10.1002/9781119976462 PG 16 WC Mathematics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BA5PV UT WOS:000336922300005 ER PT J AU Webley, PW AF Webley, P. W. TI Virtual Globe visualization of ash-aviation encounters, with the special case of the 1989 Redoubt-KLM incident SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Puff; Volcanic ash; Dispersion modeling and Virtual Globes ID SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; DETECTING VOLCANIC ASH; CLOUDS; FAILURES AB The impact of natural hazards on the local environment causes major issues for those agencies responsible for warning and understanding of the risks. Analysis of past events can assist and improve future warning capabilities. Here, volcanic ash-aviation encounters are the focus, with an improved visualization allowing observers a prospective view of a high impact event in four dimensions, never before possible without high-performance computing. Volcanic ash is one of the major hazards from volcanic eruptions; with impacts include aircraft engine failure, building collapses, airport closures and associated health impacts. Across the North Pacific since 1970, there have been over 200 separate volcanic ash clouds that have reached aviation routes at 6 km above sea level or higher. Dispersion models are used to forecast the movement of ash clouds from impending and current volcanic events. Virtual Globes, with their three- and even four-dimensionality, provide the perfect tools to display these model predictions in their true form. Here, the Puff dispersion model is shown in four dimensions, in space and time. There have been many ash-aviation encounters worldwide, 8 with engine failures that are considered high severity encounters but fortunately so far, no crashes. Here, the encounter from Redoubt Volcano during the 1989-1990 eruptive period is shown, known as the Redoubt-KLM incident. This new visualization allows an improved understanding of the event, allowing the observer to interact with the encounter at a spatio-temporal scale never before possible. Through the volcanic ash-aviation event here, the next step in displaying multiple geophysical datasets in one seamless environment is possible. For volcanic activity, seismic, infrasound, lightning, dispersion modeling, and remote sensing datasets can be easily displayed with the additional ability of viewing all of them together in four dimensions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU Alaska Volcano Observatory; Geophysical Institute at University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF); Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at UAF; Geophysical Institute at UAF FX Thanks go to the Alaska Volcano Observatory, specifically its remote sensing group and the Geophysical Institute at University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) for their support of this research. In addition, Peter Webley was funded by the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center and the Geophysical Institute, both at UAF, during his research. AVO is a joint program of the United States Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.02.005 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 716WK UT WOS:000287004000004 ER PT S AU Rosenberry, D AF Rosenberry, Donald BE Abesser, C Nutzmann, G Hill, MC Bloschl, G Lakshmanan, E TI The need to consider temporal variability when modelling exchange at the sediment-water interface SO CONCEPTUAL AND MODELLING STUDIES OF INTEGRATED GROUNDWATER, SURFACE WATER, AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Commiss Water Resources Systems, Int Commiss Surface Water, Int Commiss Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO-IHP DE groundwater-surface-water exchange; seepage; temporal variability ID SEEPAGE METER; STREAMBED TEMPERATURES; GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE; LAKE; FLUX; TIME AB Most conceptual or numerical models of flows and processes at the sediment water interface assume steady-state conditions and do not consider temporal variability. The steady-state assumption is required because temporal variability, if quantified at all, is usually determined on a seasonal or inter-annual scale. In order to design models that can incorporate finer-scale temporal resolution we first need to measure variability at a finer scale. Automated seepage meters that can measure flow across the sediment water interface with temporal resolution of seconds to minutes were used in a variety of settings to characterize seepage response to rainfall, wind, and evapotranspiration. Results indicate that instantaneous seepage fluxes can be much larger than values commonly reported in the literature, although seepage does not always respond to hydrological processes. Additional study is needed to understand the reasons for the wide range and types of responses to these hydrologic and atmospheric events. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rosenberry, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 413,Bldg 53,DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-20-9 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2011 VL 345 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BXY32 UT WOS:000297611100001 ER PT S AU Jolley, JC Irwin, ER AF Jolley, Jeffrey C. Irwin, Elise R. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Catfish Population Characteristics in Tailwater and Reservoir Habitats of the Coosa River, Alabama SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID INTRODUCED FLATHEAD CATFISH; 2 MISSOURI STREAMS; CHANNEL CATFISH; BLUE CATFISH; LAKE WILSON; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; GROWTH; AGE; STRATEGIES AB Catfish are popular recreational fish in Alabama, and management interest has been rising. We hypothesized that tailwater habitat more closely resembling lotic conditions would provide more suitable conditions for catfishes compared to impounded habitats. We examined and compared population characteristics, including abundance, age and size structure, growth, and survival of blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, channel catfish I. punctatus, and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris between tailwater and reservoir habitats in a section of the Coosa River in 2001-2002. Coosa River system tailwater habitats appear to generally provide higher quality environments for abundance and growth of catfishes than reservoir habitat, although results were often not consistent among species. We found no differences for many comparisons of stock descriptors between tailwater and reservoir habitat. We found that blue catfish were larger (48 mm total length larger) and flathead catfish electrofishing catch rates were higher (13 fish/h greater) in tailwater areas Catfish populations in the Coosa River were characterized by slow growth and high longevity, findings in accord with other recent otolith-based age analyses from populations in the Southeast. All species had moderate to high annual survival (57-88%), likely indicating light exploitation levels. Catfish populations in this section of the Coosa River appear robust, and the tendency for these dam tailwaters to have higher quality catfish populations may warrant management actions to enhance/sustain these fisheries. C1 [Jolley, Jeffrey C.; Irwin, Elise R.] Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci Bldg, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jolley, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jeffrey_jolley@fws.gov FU Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-40-29] FX This research was supported by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Sport Fish Restoration Project F-40-29 Study Number 4. Earlier drafts of this manuscript were greatly improved by the comments of S. Chipps, K. Pope, J. Quinn, and two anonymous reviewers. The cooperators of the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries; the Wildlife Management Institute; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 155 EP 166 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100013 ER PT S AU Winkelman, DL AF Winkelman, Dana L. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Evaluation of the Flathead Catfish Population and Fishery on Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma, with Emphasis on Effects of Noodling SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID MORTALITY AB I conducted a 3-year study at Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma to estimate effects of various fishing gears on the flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris population. Managers were particularly interested in the effect of handfishing or noodling on this population. I used a phone survey to assess angler effort and electrofishing and gill nets to calculate standard population metrics to assess composition of the current population. Survey data indicated that fishing effort and harvest were highest for trotlines and juglines and lowest for noodling. Size distribution of fish harvested by noodlers was not different from sizes that were available in the fishery and was similar to those fish harvested with other gears. Flathead catfish sampled in Lake Carl Blackwell ranged in size from 38 to 1,220 mm total length, and 77% of the population was less than 508 mm (minimum legal size). Estimated total annual mortality was about 11%. Proportional size distribution (PSD) of flathead catfish for Lake Carl Blackwell indicates that about 70% of legal-sized flathead catfish were over the preferred size of 710 mm. Overall, the Lake Carl Blackwell flathead catfish population appeared healthy. There were a wide range of sizes and ages in the population, and PSD indicated a well-balanced population with many preferred and memorable-sized fish. Due to its rarity, noodling is probably not adversely influencing the population. Additionally, noodling at Lake Carl Blackwell does not appear to be as size-selective as previously thought. C1 [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 201 JVK Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Winkelman, DL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 201 JVK Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dana.winkelman@colostate.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; U.S. Geological Survey and Oklahoma State University through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX I would like to thank Melissa Willis for her dedication to accomplishing the boat surveys and field sampling. This research was funded by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and Oklahoma State University through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100018 ER PT S AU Wildhaber, ML AF Wildhaber, Mark L. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI The Neosho Madtom and the Multifaceted Nature of Population Limiting Factors SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID NOTURUS-PLACIDUS POPULATIONS; MIDWESTERN WARMWATER STREAM; HABITAT USE; LOWHEAD DAMS; RIVER; ICTALURIDAE; BEHAVIOR; FISHES AB The Neosho madtom Noturus placidus is a small ictalurid formally recognized as a species in 1969 and federally listed as threatened in 1990. What is presented here is an in-depth review of research done on Neosho madtom since it was listed as threatened. The overall goal is to directly address questions put forth in the original recovery plan. Information presented provides a basis for updating the status of and current recovery plan for the Neosho madtom along with guidance as to additional research needed for Neosho madtom recovery efforts to be successful. Currently, Neosho madtoms are found in main stems of the Neosho, Cottonwood, and Spring rivers in Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. These three rivers have been altered by reservoirs, heavy metals contamination, and gravel mining. Effects of these factors were identified as areas of information needed for recovery of the species, along with a better understanding of its reproductive biology and overall ecology. Since the initial recovery plan was written, numerous research efforts have and continue to address these questions through collaborative studies involving a partnership among federal and state agencies, private landowners, and universities. Within the Spring River, Neosho madtom populations are limited by poor habitat quality in the upper section (i.e., upstream of Center Creek) and by heavy metals contamination in the lower. In the Neosho River system, the decrease in Neosho madtom densities downstream of John Redmond Reservoir seems to be related to decreased turbidity and coarser substrate. Other benthic fishes found with the Neosho madtom, such as the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, have shown a similar change in density. Neosho mad tom population declines also have been linked to low-head dams, which result in decreased flow and increased siltation upstream and coarsening of substrate downstream. Furthermore, Neosho madtom reproductive behavior has been shown to be related to environmental cues such as photoperiod, temperature, and water velocity, thereby indicating potential for reservoir release patterns to disrupt reproduction through changes in flow. Research has shown that Neosho madtom populations are limited by different factors in different parts of the species' geographic range. Additional research is needed on Neosho madtom movement rates among gravel bars, population genetics, aging methods, age distribution within wild populations, growth rates, population viability, effects of predation, and sensitivity to environmental contaminants. C1 [Wildhaber, Mark L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov FU USGS of the U.S. Department of the Interior, through CERC FX This book chapter was funded and undertaken by USGS of the U.S. Department of the Interior, through CERC. Janice Bryan of CERC helped with figure development and provided editing assistance. Ken Collins, Daniel Fenner, and Vernon Tabor of US-FWS provided valuable reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 281 EP 294 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100024 ER PT S AU Sindt, AR Fischer, JR Quist, MC Pierce, CL AF Sindt, Anthony R. Fischer, Jesse R. Quist, Michael C. Pierce, Clay L. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Ictalurids in Iowa's Streams and Rivers: Status, Distribution, and Relationships with Biotic Integrity SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; FISH ASSEMBLAGE RELATIONSHIPS; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; LAND-USE; PHYSICAL HABITAT; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITIES; FAUNA; CHANNELIZATION; CATCHMENT AB Anthropogenic alterations to Iowa's landscape have greatly altered lotic systems with consequent effects on the biodiversity of freshwater fauna. Ictalurids are a diverse group of fishes and play an important ecological role in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about their distribution and status in lotic systems throughout Iowa. The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of ictalurids in Iowa and examine their relationship with ecological integrity of streams and rivers. Historical data (i.e., 1884-2002) compiled for the Iowa Aquatic Gap Analysis Project (IAGAP) were used to detect declines in the distribution of ictalurids in Iowa streams and rivers at stream segment and watershed scales. Eight variables characterizing ictalurid assemblages were used to evaluate relationships with index of biotic integrity (IBI) ratings. Comparisons of recent and historic data from the IAGAP database indicated that 9 of Iowa's 10 ictalurid species experienced distribution declines at one or more spatial scales. Analysis of variance indicated that ictalurid assemblages differed among samples with different IBI ratings. Specifically, total ictalurid, sensitive ictalurid, and Noturus spp. richness increased as IBI ratings increased. Results indicate declining ictalurid species distributions and biotic integrity are related, and management strategies aimed to improve habitat and increase biotic integrity will benefit ictalurid species. C1 [Sindt, Anthony R.; Fischer, Jesse R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sindt, AR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM arsindt@iastate.edu NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 335 EP 347 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100029 ER PT S AU Homer, MD Jennings, CA AF Homer, Michael D., Jr. Jennings, Cecil A. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Historical Catch, Age Structure, Sizes, and Relative Growth for an Introduced Population of Blue Catfish in Lake Oconee, Georgia SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; FLATHEAD CATFISH; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; ALABAMA; BIOLOGY AB In Georgia, blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus are native in the Coosa River drainage in the northwestern part of the state. However, they were first detected outside this range during an annual gill net survey of Lake Sinclair conducted by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources in 1996, then again in a similar survey of Lake Oconee during 1997. Catch of blue catfish in annual surveys of Lake Oconee continued to increase, but demographics of the populations are unknown. We used annual survey data for the period 1989-2009 to identify trends in catch of blue catfish in the lake. Age and size structure of the blue catfish population in Lake Oconee was assessed based on catch data from the 2008 survey. Mean length for blue catfish captured (n = 121) was 330 mm (SD = 132 mm), and mean weight was 468 g (SD = 683.9 g); the largest fish was 740 mm and weighed 5078 g. Otoliths from the blue catfish collected were cross-sectioned, mounted on glass slides, and examined under a dissecting microscope, and annuli on each section were counted independently by two readers. Catch data indicated that blue catfish catch increased rapidly after 1997. Seven year-classes (2001-2007) were represented in the 2008 sample, and most fish were from the 2003 year-class (mean age: 3.7 years; SD = 1.4 years). These data document a rapidly expanding blue catfish population in Lake Oconee and could serve as the basis for developing management strategies in this reservoir system and others across North America where blue catfish are expanding their range. C1 [Homer, Michael D., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Homer, MD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM homerm@warnell.uga.edu FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was conducted collaboratively with the Wildlife Resources Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Michael S. Bednarski, Benjamin Carswell, and Daniel Farrae at University of Georgia provided technical assistance. Scott Lamprecht and Chad Holbrook of South Carolina Department of Natural Resources provided time and technical training for otolith preparation and sectioning. Peter Sakaris (Southern Polytechnic State University) generously provided additional technical training for otolith preparation and sectioning. Robert Bringolf at the University of Georgia provided in-kind support. Dave Buckmeier (Texas Parks and Wildlife) and Kurt Kuklinski (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife and Conservation) provided technical assistance. The authors thank Chris Nelson, Jamie Dowd, Mark Rigglesford, Ramon Martin, Michael Sheppard, Taylor Duke, Tony Beck, Daniel Malcom, and John Ruiz for assistance with collections. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and Sean Sterrett, Joseph Kirsch, Daniel Farrae, and Michael Bednarski for reviewing this manuscript. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100032 ER PT S AU Kaeser, AJ Bonvechio, TF Harrison, D Weller, RR AF Kaeser, Adam J. Bonvechio, Timothy F. Harrison, Donald Weller, Robert R. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Population Dynamics of Introduced Flathead Catfish in Rivers of Southern Georgia SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID ST-JOSEPH RIVER; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; MICHIGAN; AGE AB The flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris is a widely successful invader of lotic ecosystems across North America. The ability of flathead catfish to grow quickly to large sizes while preying upon native fish has caused concern and spurred aggressive measures to control introduced populations in states like Georgia. Although studies have examined differences among native and introduced populations with respect to demographic factors such as age, growth, and mortality, little is known of introduced population dynamics over the long term. As a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the trajectory and fate of introduced flathead catfish populations, we examined temporal dynamics within some of the oldest (30+years), introduced populations in the southeastern United States, those of the Flint River and Altamaha River systems of Georgia. Flathead catfish abundance (both density and biomass) was substantially (71-88%) lower among populations recently examined relative to historical observations. A comparison of modeled growth indicated that individual growth rates of flathead catfish were also lower among contemporary populations than among those previously observed. Monitoring of relative abundance over a 22 -year period in the Altamaha River revealed a distinct and recurrent population boom and decline, suggesting that equilibrium abundance of flathead catfish has either not been reached or will remain dynamic in the future in this system. Changes in the population demographics of introduced populations occurred rapidly, within a matter of years, and represented striking shifts in the abundance of flathead catfish populations in southern Georgia. An investigation of factors associated with such dynamics and their ecological consequences remain important areas for future research. C1 [Kaeser, Adam J.; Weller, Robert R.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Albany, GA 31701 USA. [Bonvechio, Timothy F.; Harrison, Donald] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Waycross, GA 31502 USA. RP Kaeser, AJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM adam_kaeser@fws.gov FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX Funding for this research was provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. We greatly appreciate the assistance and support of many individuals: Bobby Bass, Tim Grabowski, Tara Muenz, Jim Peterson, Pete Sakaris, Lindsey Sargent, Dave Steen, staff and volunteers of the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway, and staff of the southwest and southeast regional fisheries management sections of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 409 EP 422 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100034 ER PT S AU Garrett, DL Rabeni, CF AF Garrett, Daniel L. Rabeni, Charles F. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Intra-Annual Movement and Migration of Flathead Catfish and Blue Catfish in the Lower Missouri River and Tributaries SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; HABITAT USE; ULTRASONIC TRANSMITTERS; STREAM FISHES; HOME-RANGE; PATTERNS; LAKE AB Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris and blue catfish ktalurus furcatus thrive in large rivers and constitute large sport fisheries. Defining a spatial scale for new management strategies has become increasingly important due to rapid expansion of the sport fishery. To investigate life history characteristics, migratory pathways, and space use, we used telemetry to monitor the movement behavior of flathead catfish and blue catfish during two complete annual cycles. Individuals were sampled from a 97-km reach of the lower Missouri River and surgically implanted with transmitters during April 2006 (N = 77) and again in April and July of 2007 (N = 80). Acoustic tracking by boat and radio tracking by helicopter were used on the Missouri, Lamine, Chariton, Little Chariton, and Grand rivers during 2006-2008. The proportion of individuals that used a tributary during the putative spawning period (May 15 July 15) increased from 10% (8 of 77) in 2006 to 18% (14 of 80) in 2007. Flood conditions in May 2007 may have contributed to this increase. Between April 2006 and May 2007, the majority of flathead (51%) and blue catfishes (55%) moved less than 100 river kilometers from where they were tagged. The maximum linear range during 2006-2007 was 347.6 river kilometers for blue catfish and 751.9 river kilometers for flathead catfish. Seasonal structure to annual movements was evident with periods of both restricted movement (December March; July September) and migratory behavior (March June; October December). The variability in observed behaviors provides a substantial basis for managers to identify and protect distant habitats that are used by adult catfish for spawning, feeding and growth, and overwintering. C1 [Garrett, Daniel L.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rabeni, Charles F.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Garrett, DL (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 16018 Mill Creek Blvd, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. EM dan.garrett@dfw.wa.gov FU Missouri Department of Conservation FX This research is a contribution of the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Major funding was provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation. We thank Ron Dent, Kevin Sullivan, Zach Ford, Craig Gemming, Greg Pitchford, Jake Allman, Mike Wallendorf, and many others from the Missouri Department of Conservation who contributed to the success of this project. From the University of Missouri, we thank Brook Kruz, Larry Lawson, Chris McLeland, Ryan Lueckenhoff, Matt Mullens, Joe Clayton, Benedict Nagy, Sander Jones, and Josh Willison for their tireless efforts collecting data. We are indebted to David Galat, Ray Semlitsch, and Josh Millspaugh from the University of Missouri who reviewed the manuscript. We benefitted enormously from the tracking efforts of Aaron Delonay, Emily Tracy, Emily Kunz, and other crew members from USGS-CERC and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 495 EP 509 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100041 ER PT S AU Miranda, LE Killgore, KJ AF Miranda, Leandro E. Killgore, K. Jack BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Catfish Spatial Distribution in the Free-Flowing Mississippi River SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; FLATHEAD CATFISH; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; BIOLOGY; LENGTH; SCALES AB We examined spatial distribution of blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, channel catfish I. punctatus, and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris at macro-, meso-, and microscales in the unimpounded Mississippi River between its mouth and the mouth of the Missouri River (river kilometer 1,847). Fish collections represented 1,309 trotlines fished at 154 river segments in 1997-2009. Blue catfish was the most abundant catfish species, followed by channel catfish and flathead catfish. At the macroscale level, we tested for longitudinal gradients along five a priori reaches ranging in length from 154 to 595 km. Blue catfish and flathead catfish generally decreased in upriver reaches, whereas channel catfish were abundant at the two extremes of the river span and least abundant in middle reaches. Species catch rates at the mesoscale level varied across nine habitat types with catch rates of blue catfish highest along natural banks; channel catfish highest in dikes, main channel edge, and gravel bars; and flathead catfish highest in articulated concrete mattresses/riprap and steep sand bars. Percentage contribution to variance in catch rate apportioned by each spatial scale differed across species but was always highest at the macroscale level, indicating greater spatial dependence at this scale. Site -specific mesoscale and microscale conditions account for local variability in abundances and are important in allocating effort in sampling programs. However, considering macroscale has the greatest influence over catfish populations, it is at this broad -scale level that management may be most effective. C1 [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Killgore, K. Jack] US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@cfr.msstate.edu FU Mississippi Valley Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program FX This study was funded by the Mississippi Valley Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program. Assistance in field collections was provided by Jan Hoover, Steven George, William Lancaster, Bradley Lewis, Phil Kirk, Catherine Murphy, Neil Douglas, Krista Boysen, and Jay Collins. Permission to publish this document was made by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 521 EP 534 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100043 ER PT S AU Porath, MT Pape, LD Richters, LK Pope, KL Pegg, MA AF Porath, Mark T. Pape, Larry D. Richters, Lindsey K. Pope, Kevin L. Pegg, Mark A. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Influence of Throat Configuration and Fish Density on Escapement of Channel Catfish from Hoop Nets SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CATCH RATES; MESH SIZE; TRAP NETS; IMPOUNDMENTS; SELECTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; RETENTION; CAPTURE; GEARS AB In recent years, several state agencies have adopted the use of baited, tandem set hoop nets to assess lentic channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus populations. Some level of escapement from the net is expected because an opening exists in each throat of the net, although factors influencing rates of escapement from hoop nets have not been quantified. We conducted experiments to quantify rates of escapement and to determine the influence of throat configuration and fish density within the net on escapement rates. An initial experiment to determine the rate of escapement from each net compartment utilized individually tagged channel catfish placed within the entrance (between the two throats) and cod (within the second throat) compartments of a single hoop net for overnight sets. From this experiment, the mean rate (+/- SE) of channel catfish escaping was 4.2% (+/- 1.5) from the cod (cod throat was additionally restricted from the traditionally manufactured product), and 74% (-+/- 4.2) from the entrance compartments. In a subsequent experiment, channel catfish were placed only in the cod compartment with different throat configurations (restricted or unrestricted) and at two densities (low [6 fish per net] and high [60 fish per net]) for overnight sets to determine the influence of fish density and throat configuration on escapement rates. Escapement rates between throat configurations were doubled at low fish density (13.3 +/- 5.4% restricted versus 26.7 +/- 5.6% unrestricted) and tripled at high fish density (14.3 +/- 4.9% restricted versus 51.9 +/- 5.0% unrestricted). These results suggest that retention efficiency is high from cod compartments with restricted throat entrances. However, managers and researchers need to be aware that modification to the cod throats (restrictions) is needed for hoop nets ordered from manufacturers. Managers need to be consistent in their use and reporting of cod end throat configurations when using this gear. C1 [Porath, Mark T.; Pape, Larry D.; Richters, Lindsey K.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, 2200 North 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.; Pegg, Mark A.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Porath, MT (reprint author), Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, 2200 North 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. EM mark.porath@nebraska.gov RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Sport Fish Restoration Fund administered through the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the following staff from CSFH for their assistance and patience during our experimental trials: Doug Kapke, Jim Gleim, Brett Brunken, Dave Reiner, and Josh Cloeter. Substantial improvements to this manuscript were made by anonymous reviewers and the proceedings editors. Funding was provided by the Sport Fish Restoration Fund administered through the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 563 EP 571 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100047 ER PT S AU Richters, LK Pope, KL AF Richters, Lindsey K. Pope, Kevin L. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Catch of Channel Catfish with Tandem-Set Hoop Nets and Gill Nets in Lentic Systems of Nebraska SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID SIZE STRUCTURE; IMPOUNDMENTS; GEARS AB Twenty-six Nebraska water bodies representing two ecosystem types (small standing waters and large standing waters) were surveyed during 2008 and 2009 with tandem set hoop nets and experimental gill nets to determine if similar trends existed in catch rates and size structures of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus captured with these gears. Gear efficiency was assessed as the number of sets (nets) that would be required to capture 100 channel catfish given observed catch per unit effort (CPUE). Efficiency of gill nets was not correlated with efficiency of hoop nets for capturing channel catfish. Small sample sizes prohibited estimation of proportional size distributions in most surveys; in the four surveys for which sample size was sufficient to quantify length -frequency distributions of captured channel catfish, distributions differed between gears. The CPUE of channel catfish did not differ between small and large water bodies for either gear. While catch rates of hoop nets were lower than rates recorded in previous studies, this gear was more efficient than gill nets at capturing channel catfish. However, comparisons of size structure between gears may be problematic. C1 [Richters, Lindsey K.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68402 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Richters, LK (reprint author), Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68402 USA. EM lindsey.richters@nebraska.gov RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project [F-177-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank D. Dobesh, N. Dobesh, M. Gruntorad, A. Miller, and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission personnel for assistance with field work. We also thank Chris Chizinski and Larry Pape for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-177-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 573 EP 580 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100048 ER PT S AU Wallace, BC Weaver, DM Kwak, TJ AF Wallace, Benjamin C. Weaver, Daniel M. Kwak, Thomas J. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Efficiency of Baited Hoop Nets for Sampling Catfish in Southeastern US Small Impoundments SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; MANAGEMENT AB Many U.S. natural resource agencies stock catfish (Ictaluridae) into small impoundments to provide recreational fishing opportunities. However, effective standardized methods for sampling catfish in small impoundments have not been developed for wide application, particularly in the southeastern United States. We evaluated the efficiency of three bait treatments (i.e., soybean cake, sunflower cake, and no bait) of tandem hoop nets in two North Carolina small impoundments during the fall of 2008 and spring of 2009 in a factorial experimental design. The impoundments were stocked with catchable-size channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus at contrastingly low (5.5 fish/ha) and high (90.0 fish/ha) rates prior to our sampling. Nets baited with soybean cake consistently sampled more channel catfish than any other treatment. Channel catfish catch ranged as high as 3,251 fish per net series during the fall in nets baited with soybean cake in the intensively stocked impoundment and was up to 8.5 and 15.3 times higher during the fall than in the spring in each impoundment. Nets baited with soybean cake sampled significantly (12 and 24 times) more channel catfish than those with no bait in the two impoundments. These trends did not occur among other catfish species. Nonictalurid fish and turtle catch was higher during spring compared to that of fall, corresponding with low channel catfish catches. Our results indicate that tandem hoop nets baited with soybean cake during the fall is a more efficient method for sampling channel catfish compared to nets baited with sunflower cake or no bait in spring or fall. Our findings validate this technique for application in southeastern U.S. small impoundments to assess catfish abundance to guide management and evaluate the success of catfish stocking programs. C1 [Wallace, Benjamin C.; Weaver, Daniel M.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina State University; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; NCWRC FX We thank Brian McRae, Kyle Briggs, and Russell Wong of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) for their assistance in the field and insight on North Carolina's Community Fishing Program. Others that assisted with field sampling include Patrick Cooney, Kyle Rachels, Jeremy Remmington, Alexandra Chaytor, Jim Wallace, and Mike Waine. We also thank Matt Rudolf and Piedmont Biofuels of Pittsboro, North Carolina for their contribution of soybean and sunflower cake and Andrew McMahan of Central Carolina Community College of Pittsboro, North Carolina for the use of his grain press. Holly Springs Parks and Recreation Department graciously provided access to their facilities at Bass Lake. Brian McRae and Josh Raabe provided constructive manuscript reviews. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, NCWRC, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100049 ER PT S AU Olive, J Schramm, HL Gerard, PD Irwin, E AF Olive, Jason Schramm, Harold L., Jr. Gerard, Patrick D. Irwin, Elise BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI An Evaluation of Agreement between Pectoral Spines and Otoliths for Estimating Ages of Catfishes SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID CHANNEL CATFISH; GROWTH; RECOMMENDATIONS; ACCURACY AB Otoliths have been shown to provide more accurate ages than pectoral spine sections for several catfish populations, but sampling otoliths requires euthanizing the specimen, whereas spines can be sampled nonlethally. To evaluate whether, and under what conditions, spines provide the same or similar age estimates as otoliths, we examined data sets of individual fish aged from pectoral spines and otoliths for six blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus populations (n = 420), 14 channel catfish I. punctatus populations (n = 997), and 10 flathead catfish Pylodictus olivaris populations (n = 947) from lotic and lentic waters throughout the central and eastern United States. Logistic regression determined that agreement between ages estimated from otoliths and spines was consistently related to age but inconsistently related to growth rate. When modeled at mean growth rate, we found at least 80% probability of no difference in spine- and otolith-assigned ages up to ages 4 and 5 for blue catfish and channel catfish, respectively. For flathead catfish, an 80% probability of agreement between spine- and otolith-assigned ages did not occur at any age due to high incidence of differences in assigned ages even for age-1 fish. Logistic regression models predicted at least 80% probability that spine and otolith ages differed by <= 1 year up to ages 13, 16, and 9 for blue catfish, channel catfish, and flathead catfish, respectively. Age-bias assessment found that mean spine-assigned age differed by less than 1 year from otolith-assigned age up to ages 19, 9, and 17 for blue catfish, channel catfish, and flathead catfish, respectively. These results can be used to help guide decisions about which structure is most appropriate for estimating catfish ages for particular populations and management objectives. C1 [Olive, Jason] Mississippi Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Pk, 272 CR 995, Tupelo, MS 38804 USA. [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Gerard, Patrick D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Irwin, Elise] US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Olive, J (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Pk, 272 CR 995, Tupelo, MS 38804 USA. EM jasono@mdwfp.state.ms.us NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 679 EP 688 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100057 ER PT S AU Kwak, TJ Porath, MT Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH AF Kwak, Thomas J. Porath, Mark T. Michaletz, Paul H. Travnichek, Vincent H. BE Michaletz, PH Travnichek, VH TI Catfish Science: Status and Trends in the 21st Century SO CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF CATFISH: THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Catfish Symposium on Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish, Catfish 2010 CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL St Louis, MI SP AFS Educ Sect, AFS Fisheries Management Sect, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Missouri River Nat Resources Comm, Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, AFS Missouri Chapter, Bass Pro Shops, Conservat Federat Missouri, MICRA, Smith Root Inc, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, AFS N Central Div, AFS N Central Div Rivers & Streams Tech Comm, AFS So Div, AFS Arkansas Chapter, AFS Dakota Chapter, AFS Georgia Chapter, AFS Illinois Chapter, AFS Iowa Chapter, AFS Kansas Chapter, AFS Minnesota Chapter, AFS Mississippi Chapter, AFS Nebraska Chapter, AFS Ohio Chapter, AFS S Carolina Chapter, AFS Tennessee Chapter, AFSTexas Chapter, AFS Virginia Chapter, AFS Wisconsin Chapter, Duke Energy, Minner Net Co Inc, Upper Mississippi River Conservat Comm, W Virginia Dept Nat Resources ID INTRODUCED FLATHEAD CATFISH; SAMPLING CHANNEL CATFISH; MINIMUM LENGTH LIMITS; SAND-BED STREAM; MISSOURI RIVER; BLUE CATFISH; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; HABITAT REHABILITATION; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; SMALL IMPOUNDMENTS AB Catfish science, the study of the fish order Siluriformes, is a diverse and expanding field in terms of advances and breadth of topics. We compiled literature from primary fisheries journals as an index of interest and advances in catfish science to examine temporal trends in the field. The number of catfish scientific publications varied over the past century with strong peaks during 1975-1979 and 2005-2010, which may be the result of interactive scientific and societal influences. Catfish biology was the predominant publication topic until the late 1990s, when ecology, techniques, and management publications became more prevalent. Articles on catfish ecology were most numerous in both the first and second international catfish symposia, but publications on techniques and conservation were more numerous in the second catfish symposium than the first. We summarize the state of knowledge, recent advances, and areas for future attention among topics in catfish science, including sampling and aging techniques, population dynamics, ecology, fisheries management, species diversity, nonnative catfish, and human dimensions, with an emphasis on the gains in this second symposium. Areas that we expect to be pursued in the future are development of new techniques and validation of existing methods; expansion of research to less-studied catfish species; broadening temporal, spatial, and organizational scales; interdisciplinary approaches; and research on societal views and constituent demands. Meeting these challenges will require scientists to span beyond their professional comfort zones to effectively reach higher standards. We look forward to the coming decade and the many advances in the conservation, ecology, and management of catfish that will be shared. C1 [Kwak, Thomas J.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Porath, Mark T.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Michaletz, Paul H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Travnichek, Vincent H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, St Joseph, MO 64507 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Daniel Weaver for assistance in conducting the long-term literature review of catfish science publications presented in this paper. We also wish to express our sincere appreciation to David Buckmeier and Greg Pitchford, the "Catfish 2010" symposium co-chairs, for their outstanding and tireless leadership in organizing the second international catfish symposium and to all the committee chairs and individuals that made the symposium possible. David and Greg also provided constructive reviews that improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. Finally, we applaud the effort of all those that contributed to the symposium proceedings with publication of their science to enhance our understanding and management of catfish worldwide. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 210 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-25-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 77 BP 755 EP 780 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9SD UT WOS:000393725100064 ER PT J AU Aiken, GR Gilmour, CC Krabbenhoft, DP Orem, W AF Aiken, George R. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Krabbenhoft, David P. Orem, William TI Dissolved Organic Matter in the Florida Everglades: Implications for Ecosystem Restoration SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Dissolved organic matter; hydrology; leaching; mercury; nutrients; photochemistry; restoration ID SUBTROPICAL CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; NUTRIENT-REMOVAL-PROJECT; SOUTH FLORIDA; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; CARBON MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; CALCITE PRECIPITATION AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Florida Everglades controls a number of environmental processes important for ecosystem function including the absorption of light, mineral dissolution/precipitation, transport of hydrophobic compounds (e.g., pesticides), and the transport and reactivity of metals, such as mercury. Proposed attempts to return the Everglades to more natural flow conditions will result in changes to the present transport of DOM from the Everglades Agricultural Area and the northern conservation areas to Florida Bay. In part, the restoration plan calls for increasing water flow throughout the Everglades by removing some of the manmade barriers to flow in place today. The land- and water-use practices associated with the plan will likely result in changes in the quality, quantity, and reactivity of DOM throughout the greater Everglades ecosystem. The authors discuss the factors controlling DOM concentrations and chemistry, present distribution of DOM throughout the Everglades, the potential effects of DOM on key water-quality issues, and the potential utility of dissolved organic matter as an indicator of success of restoration efforts. C1 [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Aiken, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov RI Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR823735, R-82 7631]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0451345] FX This report was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey (Priority Ecosystems Studies for South Florida-G. Ronnie Best, Program Executive), the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA/ORD Assistance Agreement CR823735; EPA Star Grant R-82 7631), and the National Science Foundation (DEB 0451345). The authors thank Laurel Larsen and Matt Miller from USGS, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 124 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 53 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 EI 1547-6537 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 41 SU 1 BP 217 EP 248 AR PII 933735105 DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.530934 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723GG UT WOS:000287494000009 ER PT J AU Larsen, L Aumen, N Bernhardt, C Engel, V Givnish, T Hagerthey, S Harvey, J Leonard, L McCormick, P McVoy, C Noe, G Nungesser, M Rutchey, K Sklar, F Troxler, T Volin, J Willard, D AF Larsen, Laurel Aumen, Nicholas Bernhardt, Christopher Engel, Vic Givnish, Thomas Hagerthey, Scot Harvey, Judson Leonard, Lynn McCormick, Paul McVoy, Christopher Noe, Gregory Nungesser, Martha Rutchey, Kenneth Sklar, Fred Troxler, Tiffany Volin, John Willard, Debra TI Recent and Historic Drivers of Landscape Change in the Everglades Ridge, Slough, and Tree Island Mosaic SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Everglades; ridge and slough; tree islands; hydroecology; feedback; landscape patterning ID CONCEPTUAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; ELEOCHARIS-CELLULOSA; WETLAND ECOSYSTEM; TYPHA-DOMINGENSIS; REDOX INTENSITY; SURFACE-WATER AB More than half of the original Everglades extent formed a patterned peat mosaic of elevated ridges, lower and more open sloughs, and tree islands aligned parallel to the dominant flow direction. This ecologically important landscape structure remained in a dynamic equilibrium for millennia prior to rapid degradation over the past century in response to human manipulation of the hydrologic system. Restoration of the patterned landscape structure is one of the primary objectives of the Everglades restoration effort. Recent research has revealed that three main drivers regulated feedbacks that initiated and maintained landscape structure: the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water depths, surface and subsurface flow, and phosphorus supply. Causes of recent degradation include but are not limited to perturbations to these historically important controls; shifts in mineral and sulfate supply may have also contributed to degradation. Restoring predrainage hydrologic conditions will likely preserve remaining landscape pattern structure, provided a sufficient supply of surface water with low nutrient and low total dissolved solids content exists to maintain a rainfall-driven water chemistry. However, because of hysteresis in landscape evolution trajectories, restoration of areas with a fully degraded landscape could require additional human intervention. C1 [Larsen, Laurel; Bernhardt, Christopher; Harvey, Judson; Noe, Gregory; Willard, Debra] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aumen, Nicholas] ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Givnish, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI USA. [Hagerthey, Scot; McCormick, Paul; McVoy, Christopher; Nungesser, Martha; Rutchey, Kenneth; Sklar, Fred] S Florida Water Management Dist, Watershed Management Dept, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Leonard, Lynn] Univ N Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC USA. [Troxler, Tiffany] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Volin, John] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. RP Larsen, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lglarsen@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Hagerthey, Scot/0000-0002-1361-359X; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 NR 152 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 41 SU 1 BP 344 EP 381 AR PII 933737173 DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.531219 PG 38 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723GG UT WOS:000287494000013 ER PT J AU Rivera-Monroy, VH Twilley, RR Davis, SE Childers, DL Simard, M Chambers, R Jaffe, R Boyer, JN Rudnick, DT Zhang, K Castaneda-Moya, E Ewe, SML Price, RM Coronado-Molina, C Ross, M Smith, TJ Michot, B Meselhe, E Nuttle, W Troxler, TG Noe, GB AF Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. Twilley, Robert R. Davis, Stephen E., III Childers, Daniel L. Simard, Marc Chambers, Randolph Jaffe, Rudolf Boyer, Joseph N. Rudnick, David T. Zhang, Keqi Castaneda-Moya, Edward Ewe, Sharon M. L. Price, Rene M. Coronado-Molina, Carlos Ross, Michael Smith, Thomas J., III Michot, Beatrice Meselhe, Ehab Nuttle, William Troxler, Tiffany G. Noe, Gregory B. TI The Role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in Regulating Nutrient Cycling and Wetland Productivity in South Florida SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mangrove; phosphorus; nitrogen; carbon; Florida Bay; soil biogeochemistry; water quality ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE L.; SHARK RIVER ESTUARY; WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION; SEA-LEVEL RISE; COASTAL EVERGLADES; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; LIGHTNING STRIKES; SIMULATION-MODEL AB The authors summarize the main findings of the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) program in the EMER, within the context of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), to understand how regional processes, mediated by water flow, control population and ecosystem dynamics across the EMER landscape. Tree canopies with maximum height 3 m cover 49% of the EMER, particularly in the SE region. These scrub/dwarf mangroves are the result of a combination of low soil phosphorus (P 59 g P g dw-1) in the calcareous marl substrate and long hydroperiod. Phosphorus limits the EMER and its freshwater watersheds due to the lack of terrigenous sediment input and the phosphorus-limited nature of the freshwater Everglades. Reduced freshwater delivery over the past 50years, combined with Everglades compartmentalization and a 10 cm rise in coastal sea level, has led to the landward transgression (1.5 km in 54 years) of the mangrove ecotone. Seasonal variation in freshwater input strongly controls the temporal variation of nitrogen and P exports (99%) from the Everglades to Florida Bay. Rapid changes in nutrient availability and vegetation distribution during the last 50years show that future ecosystem restoration actions and land use decisions can exert a major influence, similar to sea level rise over the short term, on nutrient cycling and wetland productivity in the EMER. C1 [Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.; Twilley, Robert R.; Castaneda-Moya, Edward] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Davis, Stephen E., III] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Simard, Marc] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chambers, Randolph] Coll William & Mary, Keck Environm Lab, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Jaffe, Rudolf; Boyer, Joseph N.; Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Price, Rene M.; Ross, Michael; Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Jaffe, Rudolf; Boyer, Joseph N.; Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Price, Rene M.; Ross, Michael; Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Rudnick, David T.; Coronado-Molina, Carlos] S Florida Water Management Dist, Wetland Watershed Sci Div, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies Earth, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Environm & Int Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Florida SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Michot, Beatrice; Meselhe, Ehab] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Ctr Louisiana Inland Water Studies, Lafayette, LA USA. [Nuttle, William] 1Ecohydrol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Rivera-Monroy, VH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 3209 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM vhrivera@lsu.edu RI Rivera-Monroy, Victor/G-7329-2011; Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013; OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514]; NOAA [NA06NOS4780099]; South Florida Water Management District [4500012650]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Preparation of this material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DBI-0620409 and Grant No. DEB-9910514. Additional funding was provided by NOAA (LSU/Award No. NA06NOS4780099), the South Florida Water Management District (LSU/PO No. 4500012650). Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration LCLUC Program. The authors are indebted to numerous Everglades National Park rangers, technicians, and researchers who have supported their research activities over the years. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This contribution No. 504 of the Southern Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 123 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 71 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 41 SU 1 BP 633 EP 669 AR PII 933734560 DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.530907 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723GG UT WOS:000287494000023 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Jarnevich, CS Shafroth, PB AF Nagler, Pamela L. Glenn, Edward P. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Distribution and Abundance of Saltcedar and Russian Olive in the Western United States SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE area; extent; invasive species interactions; management; Russian olive; saltcedar; tamarisk ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION RESPONSE; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; ELAEAGNUS-ANGUSTIFOLIA; NATIVE POPULUS; NORTH-AMERICA; SEEDLING COMPETITION; INVASIVE SALTCEDAR AB Over the past century, two introduced Eurasian trees, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) have become wide spread on western United States of American (U. S.) rivers. This paper reviews the literature on the following five key areas related to their distribution and abundance in the western United States: (1) the history of introduction, planting, and spread of saltcedar and Russian olive; (2) their current distribution; (3) their current abundance; (4) factors controlling their current distribution and abundance; and (5) models that have been developed to predict their future distribution and abundance. Saltcedar and Russian olive are now the third and fourth most frequently occurring woody riparian plants and the second and fifth most abundant species (out of 42 native and non-native species) along rivers in the western United States. Currently there is not a precise estimate of the areas that these species occupy in the entire West. Climatic variables are important determinants of their distribution and abundance. For example, saltcedar is limited by its sensitivity to hard freezes, whereas Russian olive appears to have a chilling requirement for bud break and seed germination, and can presumably survive colder winter temperatures. Either species can be dominant, co-dominant or sub-dominant relative to native species on a given river system. A number of environmental factors such as water availability, soil salinity, degree of streamflow regulation, and fire frequency can influence the abundance of these species relative to native species. Numerous studies suggest that both species have spread on western rivers primarily through a replacement process, whereby stress-tolerant species have moved into expanded niches that are no longer suitable for mesic native pioneer species. Better maps of current distribution and rigorous monitoring of distributional changes though time can help to resolve differences in predictions of potential future spread. An adequate understanding does not yet exist of what fraction of western riparian zones is resistant to dominance by either of these species, what fraction is at risk and could benefit from intervention, and what fraction has been altered to the point that saltcedar or Russian olive are most likely to thrive. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 S Campus Dr,Rm 123, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov NR 119 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 10 U2 89 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2011 VL 30 IS 6 BP 508 EP 523 DI 10.1080/07352689.2011.615689 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865PW UT WOS:000298323800002 ER PT J AU Grosse, G Jones, BM AF Grosse, G. Jones, B. M. TI Spatial distribution of pingos in northern Asia SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; TUKTOYAKTUK PENINSULA; NORTHWEST TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUND-ICE; PERMAFROST; ALASKA; MOUNDS; PALSAS; CANADA AB Pingos are prominent periglacial landforms in vast regions of the Arctic and Subarctic. They are indicators of modern and past conditions of permafrost, surface geology, hydrology and climate. A first version of a detailed spatial geodatabase of 6059 pingo locations in a 3.5x10(6) km(2) region of northern Asia was assembled from topographic maps. A first order analysis was carried out with respect to permafrost, landscape characteristics, surface geology, hydrology, climate, and elevation datasets using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Pingo heights in the dataset vary between 2 and 37 m, with a mean height of 4.8 m. About 64% of the pingos occur in continuous permafrost with high ice content and thick sediments; another 19% in continuous permafrost with moderate ice content and thick sediments. The majority of these pingos are likely hydrostatic pingos, which are typical of those located in drained thermokarst lake basins of northern lowlands with continuous permafrost. About 82% of the pingos are located in the tundra bioclimatic zone. Most pingos in the dataset are located in regions with mean annual ground temperatures between -3 and -11 degrees C and mean annual air temperatures between -7 and -18 degrees C. The dataset confirms that surface geology and hydrology are key factors for pingo formation and occurrence. Based on model predictions for near-future permafrost distribution, about 2073 pingos (34%) along the southern margins of permafrost will be located in regions with thawing permafrost by 2100, which ultimately may lead to increased occurrence of pingo collapse. Based on our dataset and previously published estimates of pingo numbers from other regions, we conclude that there are more than 11 000 pingos on Earth. C1 [Grosse, G.; Jones, B. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, B. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Grosse, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ggrosse@gi.alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU NASA [NNX08AJ37G] FX This work was partially supported by NASA NNX08AJ37G. We thank V. Romanovsky and S. Marchenko (University of Alaska Fairbanks) for providing maps of future permafrost distribution and maximum active layer depths for northern Eurasia and discussions about impacts of permafrost degradation on pingos. We also thank L. Schirrmeister and Ch. Siegert (AWI Potsdam) as well as J. Galloway and F. Urban (USGS) for friendly reviews of an early version of the manuscript and very constructive comments. N. Ross and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful reviews that further enhanced the paper. NR 86 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 13 EP 33 DI 10.5194/tc-5-13-2011 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 743AU UT WOS:000288988500002 ER PT J AU Graham, J Jarnevich, C Young, N Newman, G Stohlgren, T AF Graham, Jim Jarnevich, Catherine Young, Nick Newman, Greg Stohlgren, Thomas TI How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus in North America? SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eurasian tree sparrows; Passer montanus; Maxent; Climate change; Distribution model ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ECONOMIC COSTS; FARMLAND BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; POPULATION; MAXENT; ERRORS; BIAS AB Habitat suitability models have been used to predict the present and future potential distribution of a variety of species. Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus, native to Eurasia, have established populations in other parts of the world. In North America, their current distribution is limited to a relatively small region around its original introduction to St. Louis, Missouri. We combined data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility with current and future climate data to create habitat suitability models using Maxent for this species. Under projected climate change scenarios, our models show that the distribution and range of the Eurasian tree sparrow could increase as far as the Pacific Northwest and Newfoundland. This is potentially important information for prioritizing the management and control of this non-native species [Current Zoology 57 (5): 648-654, 2011]. C1 [Graham, Jim; Young, Nick; Newman, Greg] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine; Stohlgren, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jim@nrel.colostate.edu RI Graham, Jim/F-4195-2011 FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0636210]; USDA [CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666] FX This was a cooperative study involving Colorado State University and the USGS Fort Collins Science Center. Logistic support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. Dr. Curt Flather, of U.S. Forest Service, provided advice on invasive birds in North America. Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (#OCI-0636210). Dr. Thomas Stohlgren's contribution was partially supported by USDA CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 5 BP 648 EP 654 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 800EX UT WOS:000293343700010 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP AF Hayes, Gavin P. TI Rapid source characterization of the 2011 M-w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Great earthquake; earthquake rupture processes; 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake; source inversion ID SOURCE INVERSION AB On March 11th, 2011, a moment magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck off the coast of northeast Honshu, Japan, generating what may well turn out to be the most costly natural disaster ever. In the hours following the event, the U. S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center led a rapid response to characterize the earthquake in terms of its location, size, faulting source, shaking and slip distributions, and population exposure, in order to place the disaster in a framework necessary for timely humanitarian response. As part of this effort, fast finite-fault inversions using globally distributed body-and surface-wave data were used to estimate the slip distribution of the earthquake rupture. Models generated within 7 hours of the earthquake origin time indicated that the event ruptured a fault up to 300 km long, roughly centered on the earthquake hypocenter, and involved peak slips of 20 m or more. Updates since this preliminary solution improve the details of this inversion solution and thus our understanding of the rupture process. However, significant observations such as the up-dip nature of rupture propagation and the along-strike length of faulting did not significantly change, demonstrating the usefulness of rapid source characterization for understanding the first order characteristics of major earthquakes. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Hayes, Gavin P.] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 12 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2011 VL 63 IS 7 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.5047/eps.2011.05.012 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 854TC UT WOS:000297516400005 ER PT B AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, M. BE Akkar, S Gulkan, P VanEck, T TI Real-Time Seismic Monitoring of Structures: Data Handling and Case Studies SO EARTHQUAKE DATA IN ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY: PREDICTIVE MODELS, DATA MANAGEMENT AND NETWORKS SE Geotechnical Geological and Earthquake Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Within the last decade, advances in the acquisition, processing and transmission of data from real-time seismic monitoring systems has contributed to the growth in the number structures instrumented with such systems. An equally important factor for such growth can be attributed to the demands by stakeholders to find rapid answers to important questions related to the functionality (or "state of health") of structures during and immediately following a seismic event. Hence, rapid and accurate assessment of the damage condition or performance of a building or a lifeline structure is of paramount importance to stakeholders, including owners, leasers, permanent and/or temporary occupants, users of infrastructures, city officials and rescue teams that are concerned with safety of those in the building, and those that may be affected in nearby buildings and infrastructures. In earlier papers, we described how observed data from sensors deployed in structures can be configured to establish seismic health monitoring of structures. In these configurations, drift ratios are the main parametric indicator of damage condition of a building. The process described for buildings can be applied directly for bridges as well. For bridges, the term, "drift ratio" is not generally used; however, relative displacements of critical elements of a bridge can be construed as such. While real-time data from structural arrays indicate that these methods are reliable and provide requisite information for owners and other parties to make informed decisions and to choose among pre-defined actions following significant events, there are several issues related to data ownership, transmission and archiving. This paper examines the real-time seismic monitoring systems deployed mainly in the United States, with particular attention to data issues handling, dissemination, storage, and archiving. In most cases, due to the numerous channels involved, the deployments in each one of the real-time structures can be considered to be an individual array. Two detailed cases are described that demonstrate the variability in data ownership and dissemination. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM celebi@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0151-9 J9 GEOTECH GEOL EARTHQ PY 2011 VL 14 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0152-6_16 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0152-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BTH81 UT WOS:000286948900016 ER PT J AU Cole, KL Ironside, K Eischeid, J Garfin, G Duffy, PB Toney, C AF Cole, Kenneth L. Ironside, Kirsten Eischeid, Jon Garfin, Gregg Duffy, Phillip B. Toney, Chris TI Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate effects modeling; extinct seed vectors; Joshua tree; Mohave Desert; plant migration; Yucca brevifolia ID RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; YUCCA-BREVIFOLIA; LATE QUATERNARY; NORTH-AMERICA; GREENLAND; DIVERGENCE; CALIFORNIA; AGAVACEAE; MUTUALISM; DESERT AB The future distribution of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is projected by combining a geostatistical analysis of 20th-century climates over its current range, future modeled climates, and paleoecological data showing its response to a past similar climate change. As climate rapidly warmed; similar to 11 700 years ago, the range of Joshua tree contracted, leaving only the populations near what had been its northernmost limit. Its ability to spread northward into new suitable habitats after this time may have been inhibited by the somewhat earlier extinction of megafaunal dispersers, especially the Shasta ground sloth. We applied a model of climate suitability for Joshua tree, developed from its 20th-century range and climates, to future climates modeled through a set of six individual general circulation models (GCM) and one suite of 22 models for the late 21st century. All distribution data, observed climate data, and future GCM results were scaled to spatial grids of; similar to 1 km and; similar to 4 km in order to facilitate application within this topographically complex region. All of the models project the future elimination of Joshua tree throughout most of the southern portions of its current range. Although estimates of future monthly precipitation differ between the models, these changes are outweighed by large increases in temperature common to all the models. Only a few populations within the current range are predicted to be sustainable. Several models project significant potential future expansion into new areas beyond the current range, but the species' historical and current rates of dispersal would seem to prevent natural expansion into these new areas. Several areas are predicted to be potential sites for relocation/assisted migration. This project demonstrates how information from paleoecology and modern ecology can be integrated in order to understand ongoing processes and future distributions. C1 [Cole, Kenneth L.] No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ironside, Kirsten] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Eischeid, Jon] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Garfin, Gregg] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Duffy, Phillip B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Merced, CA 94550 USA. [Toney, Chris] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Cole, KL (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, USGS, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM ken_cole@usgs.gov OI Garfin, Gregg/0000-0002-2760-132X FU DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research [MPC35TV-02] FX Funding was received through the DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research project MPC35TV-02. Assistance and discussion were obtained through helpful reviews from T. Esque, T. Minckley, J. Lovich, and anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 71 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1890/09-1800.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741FW UT WOS:000288850200012 PM 21516893 ER PT J AU Cade, BS AF Cade, Brian S. TI Estimating equivalence with quantile regression SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; arsenic remediation; bioequivalence tests; confidence intervals; equivalence tests; mine land reclamation; negligible trends; quantile regression; quantile treatment effects; rank score tests ID SHOW NEGLIGIBLE TREND; ONE-SIDED TESTS; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; BIOEQUIVALENCE; PROBABILITY; US AB Equivalence testing and corresponding confidence interval estimates are used to provide more enlightened statistical statements about parameter estimates by relating them to intervals of effect sizes deemed to be of scientific or practical importance rather than just to an effect size of zero. Equivalence tests and confidence interval estimates are based on a null hypothesis that a parameter estimate is either outside (inequivalence hypothesis) or inside (equivalence hypothesis) an equivalence region, depending on the question of interest and assignment of risk. The former approach, often referred to as bioequivalence testing, is often used in regulatory settings because it reverses the burden of proof compared to a standard test of significance, following a precautionary principle for environmental protection. Unfortunately, many applications of equivalence testing focus on establishing average equivalence by estimating differences in means of distributions that do not have homogeneous variances. I discuss how to compare equivalence across quantiles of distributions using confidence intervals on quantile regression estimates that detect differences in heterogeneous distributions missed by focusing on means. I used one-tailed confidence intervals based on inequivalence hypotheses in a two-group treatment-control design for estimating bioequivalence of arsenic concentrations in soils at an old ammunition testing site and bioequivalence of vegetation biomass at a reclaimed mining site. Two-tailed confidence intervals based both on inequivalence and equivalence hypotheses were used to examine quantile equivalence for negligible trends over time for a continuous exponential model of amphibian abundance. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Cade, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cadeb@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1890/09-2060.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741FW UT WOS:000288850200024 PM 21516905 ER PT J AU Bled, F Royle, JA Cam, E AF Bled, Florent Royle, J. Andrew Cam, Emmanuelle TI Hierarchical modeling of an invasive spread: the Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto in the United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey, BBS; colonization; detectability; Eurasian Collared-Dove; hierarchical modeling; initial colonization; invasive species; recolonization; site occupancy; Streptopelia decaocto ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; INVADING ORGANISMS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; WINBUGS; IMPACTS AB Invasive species are regularly claimed as the second threat to biodiversity. To apply a relevant response to the potential consequences associated with invasions (e. g., emphasize management efforts to prevent new colonization or to eradicate the species in places where it has already settled), it is essential to understand invasion mechanisms and dynamics. Quantifying and understanding what influences rates of spatial spread is a key research area for invasion theory. In this paper, we develop a model to account for occupancy dynamics of an invasive species. Our model extends existing models to accommodate several elements of invasive processes; we chose the framework of hierarchical modeling to assess site occupancy status during an invasion. First, we explicitly accounted for spatial structure and how distance among sites and position relative to one another affect the invasion spread. In particular, we accounted for the possibility of directional propagation and provided a way of estimating the direction of this possible spread. Second, we considered the influence of local density on site occupancy. Third, we decided to split the colonization process into two subprocesses, initial colonization and recolonization, which may be ground-breaking because these subprocesses may exhibit different relationships with environmental variations (such as density variation) or colonization history (e. g., initial colonization might facilitate further colonization events). Finally, our model incorporates imperfection in detection, which might be a source of substantial bias in estimating population parameters. We focused on the case of the Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) and its invasion of the United States since its introduction in the early 1980s, using data from the North American BBS (Breeding Bird Survey). The Eurasian Collared-Dove is one of the most successful invasive species, at least among terrestrial vertebrates. Our model provided estimation of the spread direction consistent with empirical observations. Site persistence probability exhibits a quadratic response to density. We also succeeded at detecting differences in the relationship between density and initial colonization vs. recolonization probabilities. We provide a map of sites that may be colonized in the future as an example of possible practical application of our work. C1 [Bled, Florent; Cam, Emmanuelle] Univ Paul Sabatier, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bled, F (reprint author), Univ Paul Sabatier, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. EM bled@cict.fr OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 71 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 290 EP 302 DI 10.1890/09-1877.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741FW UT WOS:000288850200025 PM 21516906 ER PT J AU Chen, XX Liu, SG Zhu, ZL Vogelmann, J Li, ZP Ohlen, D AF Chen, Xuexia Liu, Shuguang Zhu, Zhiliang Vogelmann, James Li, Zhengpeng Ohlen, Donald TI Estimating aboveground forest biomass carbon and fire consumption in the U.S. Utah High Plateaus using data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Landsat, and LANDFIRE SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Spectral vegetation indicator; Burn severity; Regression tree model; Carbon emissions ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; COVER CLASSIFICATION; BOREAL FORESTS; MODEL; SEVERITY; IMAGERY; VOLUME; ETM+; VALIDATION; DERIVATION AB The concentrations of CO(2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been increasing and greatly affecting global climate and socio-economic systems. Actively growing forests are generally considered to be a major carbon sink, but forest wildfires lead to large releases of biomass carbon into the atmosphere. Aboveground forest biomass carbon (AFBC), an important ecological indicator, and fire-induced carbon emissions at regional scales are highly relevant to forest sustainable management and climate change. It is challenging to accurately estimate the spatial distribution of AFBC across large areas because of the spatial heterogeneity of forest cover types and canopy structure. In this study, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, Landsat, and Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project (LANDFIRE) data were integrated in a regression tree model for estimating AFBC at a 30-m resolution in the Utah High Plateaus. AFBC were calculated from 225 FIA field plots and used as the dependent variable in the model. Of these plots, 10% were held out for model evaluation with stratified random sampling, and the other 90% were used as training data to develop the regression tree model. Independent variable layers included Landsat imagery and the derived spectral indicators, digital elevation model (DEM) data and derivatives, biophysical gradient data, existing vegetation cover type and vegetation structure. The cross-validation correlation coefficient (r value) was 0.81 for the training model. Independent validation using withheld plot data was similar with r value of 0.82. This validated regression tree model was applied to map AFBC in the Utah High Plateaus and then combined with burn severity information to estimate loss of AFBC in the Longston fire of Zion National Park in 2001. The final dataset represented 24 forest cover types for a 4 million ha forested area. We estimated a total of 353 Tg AFBC with an average of 87 MgC/ha in the Utah High Plateaus. We also estimated that 8054 Mg AFBC were released from 2.24 km(2) burned forest area in the Longston fire. These results demonstrate that an AFBC spatial map and estimated biomass carbon consumption can readily be generated using existing database. The methodology provides a consistent, practical, and inexpensive way for estimating AFBC at 30-m resolution over large areas throughout the United States. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Xuexia; Li, Zhengpeng] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chen, XX (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xuchen@usgs.gov OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.03.013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 687AM UT WOS:000284745900017 ER PT J AU Kim, YO Lee, EJ AF Kim, Yong Ok Lee, Eun Ju TI Comparison of phenolic compounds and the effects of invasive and native species in East Asia: support for the novel weapons hypothesis SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Allelopathy; Antimicrobial; Invasive plant; Native plant; Phenolic compound ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; PLANT INVASIONS; LEAF EXTRACTS; ALLELOPATHY; GROWTH; ACIDS; MECHANISM; SUCCESS; (+/-)-CATECHIN AB One prediction of the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH) for the dominance of exotic invasive plant species is that the allelopathic effects of successful invaders will, in general, be more biochemically inhibitory to native species and microbes in invaded regions than the native plants themselves. However, no study has compared biochemical concentrations, compositions, or effects of large numbers of native species to those of large numbers of invasive species. In this context we tested the allelopathic and antimicrobial potentials of nine native plant species and nine invasive species in East Asia by comparing their broad phenolic contents and the effects of extracts made from each of the species on target plants and soil fungi. Three of the invasive species, including Eupatorium rugosum, had higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds than any of the native species, and the mean concentration of total phenolics for invasive species was 2.6 times greater than the mean for native species. Only scopoletin was novel to the invasive species, being found in all of nine invasive species, but not in the native species. More importantly, the effects of the total suites of phenolic compounds produced by invasive species differed from the effects of phenolics produced by natives. Extracts of invasive species reduced radicle growth of the three test plant species by 60-80%, but extracts of native species reduced radicle growth by only 30-50%. Extracts of invasive species reduced shoot growth of the three test species by 20-40%, but the overall effect of native species' extract was to stimulate shoot growth. The antimicrobial activity of invasive species was also significantly higher than that of native species. It should be noted that phenolics are just one component of a plant's potential allelopathic arsenal and non-phenolic compounds are likely to play a role in the total extract effect. For example, extracts of P. americana contained the lowest levels of phenolic compounds, but exhibited the strongest inhibition effect. We could not determine whether the greater inhibitory effects of the extracts from invasive species were due to novel combinations of chemicals or higher concentrations of chemicals, but our results are consistent with the predictions of the NWH. C1 [Lee, Eun Ju] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Kim, Yong Ok] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kim, Yong Ok] US Geol Survey, WFRC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lee, EJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM ejlee@snu.ac.kr FU BK 21 Research Fellowship FX This work was supported by the BK 21 Research Fellowship. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s11284-010-0762-7 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 709IO UT WOS:000286431900010 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Harrison, S Damschen, EI AF Grace, James B. Harrison, Susan Damschen, Ellen I. TI Local richness along gradients in the Siskiyou herb flora: R. H. Whittaker revisited SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; community size; diversity; elevation; gradient; Klamath-Siskiyou; local species richness; regional species richness; R. H. Whittaker; serpentine; structural equation model; topography ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; ABUNDANCE-EXTINCTION DYNAMICS; MULTIVARIATE MODEL; COMMUNITY BIOMASS; BOREAL FOREST; GALL WASPS; DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; SCALE; FIRE AB In his classic study in the Siskiyou Mountains (Oregon, USA), one of the most botanically rich forested regions in North America, R. H. Whittaker (1960) foreshadowed many modern ideas on the multivariate control of local species richness along environmental gradients related to productivity. Using a structural equation model to analyze his data, which were never previously statistically analyzed, we demonstrate that Whittaker was remarkably accurate in concluding that local herb richness in these late-seral forests is explained to a large extent by three major abiotic gradients (soils, topography, and elevation), and in turn, by the effects of these gradients on tree densities and the numbers of individual herbs. However, while Whittaker also clearly appreciated the significance of large-scale evolutionary and biogeographic influences on community composition, he did not fully articulate the more recent concept that variation in the species richness of local communities could be explained in part by variation in the sizes of regional species pools. Our model of his data is among the first to use estimates of regional species pool size to explain variation in local community richness along productivity-related gradients. We find that regional pool size, combined with a modest number of other interacting abiotic and biotic factors, explains most of the variation in local herb richness in the Siskiyou biodiversity hotspot. C1 [Harrison, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Damschen, Ellen I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu RI Damschen, Ellen/E-4919-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542451] FX We thank L. L. Olsvig-Whittaker and the Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections for access to Robert Whittaker's data. We thank M. Brown, T. Hoang, K. Moore, and K. Torres for data entry. D. Johnson provided helpful assistance with some of the statistical programming. We thank H. Cornell for invaluable discussions. J. Carnicer and an anonymous reviewer helped improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation DEB-0542451. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 56 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1890/09-2137.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 750MS UT WOS:000289552200013 PM 21560681 ER PT J AU Sato, T Watanabe, K Kanaiwa, M Niizuma, Y Harada, Y Lafferty, KD AF Sato, Takuya Watanabe, Katsutoshi Kanaiwa, Minoru Niizuma, Yasuaki Harada, Yasushi Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy flow; indirect effect; manipulative parasite; Nematomorpha; riparian ecosystem; Japan ID FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; HAIRWORMS NEMATOMORPHA; TROPHIC CASCADES; FRESH-WATER; PREY; STREAM; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; CONSEQUENCES AB Parasites are ubiquitous in natural systems and ecosystem-level effects should be proportional to the amount of biomass or energy flow altered by the parasites. Here we quantified the extent to which a manipulative parasite altered the flow of energy through a forest-stream ecosystem. In a Japanese headwater stream, camel crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) were 20 times more likely to enter a stream if infected by a nematomorph parasite (Gordionus spp.), corroborating evidence that nematomorphs manipulate their hosts to seek water where the parasites emerge as free-living adults. Endangered Japanese trout (Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus) readily ate these infected orthopterans, which due to their abundance, accounted for 60% of the annual energy intake of the trout population. Trout grew fastest in the fall, when nematomorphs were driving energy-rich orthopterans into the stream. When infected orthopterans were available, trout did not eat benthic invertebrates in proportion to their abundance, leading to the potential for cascading, indirect effects through the forest-stream ecosystem. These results provide the first quantitative evidence that a manipulative parasite can dramatically alter the flow of energy through and across ecosystems. C1 [Sato, Takuya] Nara Womens Univ, KYOUSEI Sci Ctr Life & Nat, Nara 6308506, Japan. [Watanabe, Katsutoshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Zool, Div Biol Sci,Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kanaiwa, Minoru] Tokyo Univ Agr, Fac Bioind, Abashiri, Hokkaido 0992493, Japan. [Niizuma, Yasuaki] Meijo Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Environm Zool, Nagoya, Aichi 4689502, Japan. [Harada, Yasushi] Mie Univ, Fac Bioresources, Lab Fish Populat Dynam, Tsu, Mie 5140102, Japan. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Sato, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM takuya@species.jp RI Watanabe, Katsutoshi/H-3414-2011; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant [19-515] FX We thank K. Wada, Y. Yusa, Y. Taniguchi, K. D. Fausch, T. Lefevre, J. Shaw, and S. Cooper for comments on our draft paper; A. Ichikawa and A. Schmidt-Rhaesa for their species identification of orthopterans and nematomorphs, respectively; N. Oji, N. Suzuki, H. Maruyama, and H. Yamada for their assistance in the field survey; and the Nara Prefecture Board of Education, local governments, and the fisheries cooperative near the study area for approving the field survey. This research was supported in part by Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant (number 19-515) in 2007. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 9 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1890/09-1565.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 750MS UT WOS:000289552200022 PM 21560690 ER PT B AU Niemuth, ND AF Niemuth, Neal D. BE Sandercock, BK Martin, K Segelbacher, G TI Spatially Explicit Habitat Models for Prairie Grouse SO ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUSE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE conservation; Greater Prairie-Chicken; landscape ecology; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; scale; Sharp-tailed Grouse; spatially explicit habitat model ID SHARP-TAILED GROUSE; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; CHICKENS TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; RING-NECKED PHEASANTS; CONNECTIVITY MEASURES; NEST SUCCESS; LAND-USE; FRAGMENTED POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS AB Loss, fragmentation, and isolation of grassland habitat have greatly reduced the range and numbers of prairie grouse (Tympanuchus spp.) across North America. Because prairie grouse are resident, area-sensitive species with relatively limited dispersal abilities, landscape characteristics such as the amount, types, and configuration of habitat influence the presence, abundance, and persistence of prairie grouse populations. Therefore, a landscape approach that uses spatially explicit models to guide prairie grouse conservation is both appropriate and necessary. To be effective for conservation, landscape models must incorporate prairie grouse biology, be developed at appropriate scales, and use accurate data with spatial and thematic resolution that are sufficiently fine to target sites for specific conservation actions. Uncertainties regarding the ecology of prairie grouse need to be addressed, including the form of relationships between the amount of habitat and the presence, density, and persistence of prairie grouse; and how landscape characteristics influence local movements, dispersal, and gene flow. Because many spatially explicit landscape models are developed using lek data, additional information is needed as to what lek counts represent to local prairie grouse populations. Adoption and implementation of a landscape approach to prairie grouse conservation will require that management perspectives be broadened to explicitly include landscapes and that development of landscape models shifts, at least in part, from the realm of research to that of management. Successful conservation of prairie grouse will require resolution of substantial socioeconomic and political obstacles, as well as an increased commitment from the conservation community to broad-scale habitat conservation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team 3425, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team 3425, Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM neal_niemuth@fws.gov NR 128 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95057-3; 978-0-520-27006-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 39 BP 3 EP 20 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BZU73 UT WOS:000303012700002 ER PT J AU Kaczor, NW Herman-Brunson, KM Jensen, KC Rumble, MA Klaver, RW Swanson, CC AF Kaczor, Nicholas W. Herman-Brunson, Katie M. Jensen, Kent C. Rumble, Mark A. Klaver, Robert W. Swanson, Christopher C. BE Sandercock, BK Martin, K Segelbacher, G TI Resource Selection During Brood-Rearing by Greater Sage-Grouse SO ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUSE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE brood-rearing habitat; Centrocercus urophasianus; Greater Sage-Grouse; North Dakota; resource selection; sagebrush; South Dakota ID HABITAT USE; VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; VEGETATION; MOVEMENTS; DENSITY; CHICKS; IDAHO AB Understanding population dynamics and resource selection is crucial in developing wildlife resource management plans for sensitive species such as Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Little is known about sage grouse habitats on the eastern edge of their range. We investigated resource selection of Greater Sage-Grouse during brood-rearing in North and South Dakota during 2005-2007. Resource selection models suggested sage grouse females with broods selected sites with increased vegetative cover and grass height. Composition of forbs at brood-rearing sites has been identified as important elsewhere, but we found little support for a difference in forbs between brood and random sites. Despite being sagebrush obligates, sage grouse females with broods selected areas with low sagebrush cover. Brood habitats with increased invertebrate abundance and protective cover have been shown to increase sage grouse productivity. Land managers on the eastern edge of Greater Sage-Grouse range could focus on protecting critical brood-rearing areas by maintaining at least 67% herbaceous cover and 33 cm of grass height in association with sagebrush for sage-grouse broods. C1 [Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jensen, Kent C.; Swanson, Christopher C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv Rocky Mt, Forest & Grassland Res Lab, Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Kaczor, NW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuge Planning, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. EM nick_kaczor@fws.gov; kbrunson@ccsd.k12.wy.us; kent.jensen@sdstate.edu; mrumble@fs.fed.us; bklaver@usgs.gov; chris_swanson@fws.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95057-3 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 39 BP 169 EP 177 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BZU73 UT WOS:000303012700013 ER PT J AU Rudolf, VHW Lafferty, KD AF Rudolf, V. H. W. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Stage structure alters how complexity affects stability of ecological networks SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Body size; complex life cycle; diversity-stability; extinction; food web; host-parasite; ontogenetic niche shift; predator-prey; species richness ID MODEL FOOD WEBS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; BODY-SIZE; PARASITES; BIODIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; CANNIBALISM AB P>Resolving how complexity affects stability of natural communities is of key importance for predicting the consequences of biodiversity loss. Central to previous stability analysis has been the assumption that the resources of a consumer are substitutable. However, during their development, most species change diets; for instance, adults often use different resources than larvae or juveniles. Here, we show that such ontogenetic niche shifts are common in real ecological networks and that consideration of these shifts can alter which species are predicted to be at risk of extinction. Furthermore, niche shifts reduce and can even reverse the otherwise stabilizing effect of complexity. This pattern arises because species with several specialized life stages appear to be generalists at the species level but act as sequential specialists that are hypersensitive to resource loss. These results suggest that natural communities are more vulnerable to biodiversity loss than indicated by previous analyses. C1 [Rudolf, V. H. W.] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, UC, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Rudolf, VHW (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM volker.rudolf@rice.edu RI Rudolf, Volker/B-7913-2009; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Rudolf, Volker/0000-0002-9214-2000; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 49 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 9 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01558.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694MO UT WOS:000285302500012 PM 21114747 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Cutting, KA AF Warren, Jeffrey M. Cutting, Kyle A. TI Breeding strategy and organochlorine contamination of eggs in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; Contaminant; Endogenous reserve; Lesser scaup; Organochlorine compound; Stable isotope ID SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; FISH-EATING BIRDS; GREAT-LAKES; CLUTCH FORMATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; OVO EXPOSURE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; AMERICAN KESTRELS AB We explored relationships between breeding strategy and contaminant importation and depuration into lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) eggs. Our primary hypothesis was that females accumulate organochlorine (OC) contaminants in lipid reserves obtained on wintering and spring staging areas and depurate those contaminants into eggs on the breeding area proportional to the amount of endogenous reserves used for egg formation. Egg collection occurred at Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, in 2006 for contaminant and stable isotope analysis. Eggs were assayed for 22 lipophilic OCs and endogenous lipid reserves for each egg were estimated using carbon (delta(13)C) stable isotope values. Of the 22 OC analytes tested for, only p,p'-DDE was detected in all samples, oxychlordane was detected in 56%, and no other OC analytes tested for were detected in > 50% of samples. The mean percent contribution of endogenous reserves to egg lipids in scaup was 37.9 +/- A 0.05%, ranging from 0-88.2%. We found little support for the hypothesized relationship between breeding strategy and egg contaminant levels. No significant trend was observed for endogenous reserves and egg contaminant levels of p,p'-DDE or oxychlordane (R (2) < 0.01, P = 0.792; R (2) < 0.01, P = 0.674, respectively). Thus, our results did not indicate that breeding females are importing contaminants from wintering or spring staging areas and depurating those contaminants into their clutches. C1 [Warren, Jeffrey M.; Cutting, Kyle A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lima, MT 59739 USA. RP Warren, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 27650B S Valley Rd, Lima, MT 59739 USA. EM jeffrey_warren@fws.gov FU Waterfowl Research Foundation, Inc; USFWS Ecological Services (ES), Helena, Montana FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The manuscript was improved by comments from 2 anonymous reviewers. Financial support was provided by Waterfowl Research Foundation, Inc, and USFWS Ecological Services (ES), Helena, Montana. K. Nelson (USFWS-ES) provided equipment and expertise to aid with contaminant sample preparation. K. Jones provided helpful assistance with statistical analyses. We would also like to thank our technicians, K. C. Cutting, Y. Karagitcheva, and A. Phillips. Lastly, we thank the staff of Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge for their logistical support. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s10646-010-0561-5 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 703TH UT WOS:000286003700012 PM 21080226 ER PT J AU Elliott, DG AF Elliott, D. G. BE Farrell, AP TI The Many Functions of Fish Integument SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MECHANISMS; MUCUS; SKIN C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9 PY 2011 BP 471 EP 475 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700057 ER PT J AU Elliott, DG AF Elliott, D. G. BE Farrell, AP TI Functional Morphology of the Integumentary System in Fishes SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; SCALES; VERTEBRATES; EVOLUTION; TISSUES C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9 PY 2011 BP 476 EP 488 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700058 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD AF McCormick, S. D. BE Farrell, AP TI The Hormonal Control of Osmoregulation in Teleost Fish SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMON C1 USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9 PY 2011 BP 1466 EP 1473 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700179 ER PT J AU Castro-Santos, T AF Castro-Santos, T. BE Farrell, AP TI Applied Aspects of Fish Swimming Performance SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH PHYSIOLOGY: FROM GENOME TO ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOCKEYE-SALMON C1 USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092323-9 PY 2011 BP 1652 EP 1663 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BFK29 UT WOS:000320225700202 ER PT J AU Quintero, K Martinez, M Hackley, P Marquez, G Garban, G Esteves, I Escobar, M AF Quintero, K. Martinez, M. Hackley, P. Marquez, G. Garban, G. Esteves, I. Escobar, M. TI Organic Geochemical Investigation and Coal-bed Methane Characteristics of the Guasare Coals (Paso Diablo Mine, Western Venezuela) SO ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; coal-bed gas; Guasare bituminous coal; Paso Diablo mine; western Venezuela ID CARBONACEOUS SHALES; EARLY DIAGENESIS; BASIN; MARINE; PETROLOGY; DEPOSITS; ORIGIN; RATIOS; MATTER; OILS AB The aim of this work was to carry out a geochemical study of channel samples collected from six coal beds in the Marcelina Formation (Zulia State, western Venezuela) and to determine experimentally the gas content of the coals from the Paso Diablo mine. Organic geochemical analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and isotopic analyses on-line in coalbed gas samples were performed. The results suggest that the Guasare coals were deposited in a continental environment under highly dysoxic and low salinity conditions. The non-detection of 18 alpha(H)-oleanane does not preclude that the organic facies that gave rise to the coals were dominated by angiosperms. In addition, the presence of the sesquiterpenoid cadalene may indicate the subordinate contribution of gymnosperms (conifers) in the Paleocene Guasare mire. The average coalbed gas content obtained was 0.6 cm(3)/g. delta C-13 and delta D values indicate that thermogenic gas is prevalent in the studied coals. C1 [Quintero, K.; Martinez, M.; Garban, G.] Cent Univ Cent Venezuela, Inst Ciencias Tierra, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela. [Hackley, P.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Marquez, G.] Univ Huelva, Dept Ingn Minera Mecan & Energet, Huelva, Spain. [Esteves, I.] Inst Zuliano Invest Tecnol INZIT, Maracaibo, Venezuela. [Escobar, M.] CARBOZULIA, Maracaibo, Venezuela. RP Martinez, M (reprint author), Cent Univ Cent Venezuela, Inst Ciencias Tierra, Caracas 3895, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela. EM manuel.martinez@ciens.ucv.ve RI Marquez, Gonzalo/E-8732-2016 OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551; Marquez, Gonzalo/0000-0002-9925-2800 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-7036 EI 1556-7230 J9 ENERG SOURCE PART A JI Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Util. Environ. Eff. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 10 BP 959 EP 971 DI 10.1080/15567030903330728 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 732OQ UT WOS:000288197100007 ER PT J AU Ela, WP Sedlak, DL Barlaz, MA Henry, HF Muir, DCG Swackhamer, DL Weber, EJ Arnold, RG Ferguson, PL Field, JA Furlong, ET Giesy, JP Halden, RU Henry, T Hites, RA Hornbuckle, KC Howard, PH Luthy, RG Meyer, AK Saez, AE vom Saal, FS Vulpe, CD Wiesner, MR AF Ela, Wendell P. Sedlak, David L. Barlaz, Morton A. Henry, Heather F. Muir, Derek C. G. Swackhamer, Deborah L. Weber, Eric J. Arnold, Robert G. Ferguson, P. Lee Field, Jennifer A. Furlong, Edward T. Giesy, John P. Halden, Rolf U. Henry, Tala Hites, Ronald A. Hornbuckle, Keri C. Howard, Philip H. Luthy, Richard G. Meyer, Anita K. Saez, A. Eduardo vom Saal, Frederick S. Vulpe, Chris D. Wiesner, Mark R. TI Toward Identifying the Next Generation of Superfund and Hazardous Waste Site Contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE contaminants of emerging concern; emerging contaminant; hazardous waste site; Superfund ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; WATER TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; GREAT-LAKES; HOUSE-DUST AB BACKGROUND: This commentary evolved from a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences titled "Superfund Contaminants: The Next Generation" held in Tucson, Arizona, in August 2009. All the authors were workshop participants. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to initiate a dynamic, adaptable process for identifying contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that are likely to be found in future hazardous waste sites, and to identify the gaps in primary research that cause uncertainty in determining future hazardous waste site contaminants. DISCUSSION: Superfund-relevant CECs can be characterized by specific attributes: They are persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic, occur in large quantities, and have localized accumulation with a likelihood of exposure. Although still under development and incompletely applied, methods to quantify these attributes can assist in winnowing down the list of candidates from the universe of potential CECs. Unfortunately, significant research gaps exist in detection and quantification, environmental fate and transport, health and risk assessment, and site exploration and remediation for CECs. Addressing these gaps is prerequisite to a preventive approach to generating and managing hazardous waste sites. CONCLUSIONS: A need exists for a carefully considered and orchestrated expansion of programmatic and research efforts to identify, evaluate, and manage CECs of hazardous waste site relevance, including developing an evolving list of priority CECs, intensifying the identification and monitoring of likely sites of present or future accumulation of CECs, and implementing efforts that focus on a holistic approach to prevention. C1 [Ela, Wendell P.; Arnold, Robert G.; Saez, A. Eduardo] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sedlak, David L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barlaz, Morton A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Henry, Heather F.] NIEHS, Superfund Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Swackhamer, Deborah L.] Univ Minnesota, Environm Hlth Sci Water Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Weber, Eric J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Ferguson, P. Lee; Wiesner, Mark R.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Field, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Halden, Rolf U.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ USA. [Halden, Rolf U.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Henry, Tala] US EPA, Natl Program Chem Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hites, Ronald A.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Hornbuckle, Keri C.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Howard, Philip H.] Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. [Luthy, Richard G.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Meyer, Anita K.] USA, Environm & Munit Ctr Expertise, Corps Engineers, Omaha, NE USA. [vom Saal, Frederick S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vulpe, Chris D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ela, WP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way,POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM wela@engr.arizona.edu RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Hornbuckle, Keri/A-8155-2008; Ferguson, Lee/A-5501-2013; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010; Saez, Avelino/K-1136-2016; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Hornbuckle, Keri/0000-0002-3478-3221; Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361; Saez, Avelino/0000-0002-3548-6325; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42-ES04940] FX Support for the workshop, from which this article evolved, was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program (P42-ES04940). NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 66 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 119 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002497 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 701BI UT WOS:000285788900017 PM 21205582 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Hunt, KM AF Miranda, Leandro E. Hunt, Kevin M. TI An index of reservoir habitat impairment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Reservoirs; Habitat management; Fish; Index ID MANAGEMENT; STREAMS; SCALE AB Fish habitat impairment resulting from natural and anthropogenic watershed and in-lake processes has in many cases reduced the ability of reservoirs to sustain native fish assemblages and fisheries quality. Rehabilitation of impaired reservoirs is hindered by the lack of a method suitable for scoring impairment status. To address this limitation, an index of reservoir habitat impairment (IRHI) was developed by merging 14 metrics descriptive of common impairment sources, with each metric scored from 0 (no impairment) to 5 (high impairment) by fisheries scientists with local knowledge. With a plausible range of 5 to 25, distribution of the IRHI scores ranged from 5 to 23 over 482 randomly selected reservoirs dispersed throughout the USA. The IRHI reflected five impairment factors including siltation, structural habitat, eutrophication, water regime, and aquatic plants. The factors were weakly related to key reservoir characteristics including reservoir area, depth, age, and usetype, suggesting that common reservoir descriptors are poor predictors of fish habitat impairment. The IRHI is rapid and inexpensive to calculate, provides an easily understood measure of the overall habitat impairment, allows comparison of reservoirs and therefore prioritization of restoration activities, and may be used to track restoration progress. The major limitation of the IRHI is its reliance on unstandardized professional judgment rather than standardized empirical measurements. C1 [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hunt, Kevin M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 172 IS 1-4 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1329-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 689VU UT WOS:000284959400016 PM 20182913 ER PT J AU Dybowska, AD Croteau, MN Misra, SK Berhanu, D Luoma, SN Christian, P O'Brien, P Valsami-Jones, E AF Dybowska, Agnieszka D. Croteau, Marie-Noele Misra, Superb K. Berhanu, Deborah Luoma, Samuel N. Christian, Paul O'Brien, Paul Valsami-Jones, Eugenia TI Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Zinc oxide; Nanoparticles; Stable isotopes; Particle labeling; Dietborne exposure ID ZINC ACETATE DIHYDRATE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PARTICLE SOLUBILITY; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; TOXICITY; TIO2; SIZE; BIOACCUMULATION; NANOTECHNOLOGY AB Understanding the behavior of engineered nanoparticles in the environment and within organisms is perhaps the biggest obstacle to the safe development of nanotechnologies. Reliable tracing is a particular issue for nanoparticles such as ZnO, because Zn is an essential element and a common pollutant thus present at elevated background concentrations. We synthesized isotopically enriched (89.6%) with a rare isotope of Zn (Zn-67) ZnO nanoparticles and measured the uptake of Zn-67 by L. stagnalis exposed to diatoms amended with the particles. Stable isotope technique is sufficiently sensitive to determine the uptake of Zn at an exposure equivalent to lower concentration range (<15 mu g g(-1)). Without a tracer, detection of newly accumulated Zn is significant at Zn exposure concentration only above 5000 mu g g-1 which represents some of the most contaminated Zn conditions. Only by using a tracer we can study Zn uptake at a range of environmentally realistic exposure conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dybowska, Agnieszka D.; Misra, Superb K.; Berhanu, Deborah; Luoma, Samuel N.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Christian, Paul; O'Brien, Paul] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Dybowska, AD (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM a.dybowska@nhm.ac.uk RI Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016; OI Dybowska, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8927-0159 FU NERC under the Environmental Nanoscience Initiative [NE/E01500X/1]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this work was provided by NERC grant NE/E01500X/1 under the Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors thank Gordon Cressey and Jens Najorka from the Mineral Sciences group at Natural History Museum for their assistance with XRD and Lauren Howard from the EMMA laboratories at Natural History Museum for assistance with SEM/TEM work. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 159 IS 1 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 692CR UT WOS:000285129600035 PM 20940078 ER PT J AU Spivak, M Mader, E Vaughan, M Euliss, NH AF Spivak, Marla Mader, Eric Vaughan, Mace Euliss, Ned H., Jr. TI The Plight of the Bees SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; APIS-MELLIFERA; LAND-USE; POLLINATORS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; HONEYBEE; DISTURBANCE; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA C1 [Spivak, Marla] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mader, Eric; Vaughan, Mace] Xerces Soc Invertebrate Conservat, Portland, OR USA. [Euliss, Ned H., Jr.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. RP Spivak, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM spiva001@umn.edu FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) [2009-85118-05718, 2010-65615-20631] FX Funding support to M.S. was provided by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Managed Pollinator Coordinated Agricultural Project 2009-85118-05718, and to M.S. and N.H.E., Jr. by a USDA NIFA AFRI Competitive Grant 2010-65615-20631. We also thank Scott Hoffman Black and Sarina Jepsen of the Xerces Society for their feedback. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 13 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1021/es101468w PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699RA UT WOS:000285679300008 PM 20839858 ER PT J AU Janssen, EML Oen, AMP Luoma, SN Luthy, RG AF Janssen, Elisabeth M-L Oen, Amy M. P. Luoma, Samuel N. Luthy, Richard G. TI ASSESSMENT OF FIELD-RELATED INFLUENCES ON POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURES AND SORBENT AMENDMENT USING POLYCHAETE BIOASSAYS AND PASSIVE SAMPLER MEASUREMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bioavailability; Remediation; Sediment; Passive sampler; Polychlorinated biphenyls ID ACTIVATED CARBON; MACOMA-BALTHICA; PAH BIOAVAILABILITY; NEANTHES-ARENACEODENTATA; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; PCB BIOAVAILABILITY; MARINE SEDIMENT; REDUCE PCB; PORE-WATER; BIOACCUMULATION AB Field related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure were evaluated by employing caged deposit feeders Neanthes arenaceodentata along with polyoxymethylene (POM) samplers using parallel in situ and e situ bioassays with homogenized untreated or activated carbon (AC) amended sediment The AC amendment achieved a remedial efficiency in reducing bioaccumulation by 90% in the laboratory and by 44% in the field transplants In situ measurements showed that PCB uptake by POM samplers was greater for POM placed in the surface sediment compared with the underlying AC amendment suggesting that tidal exchange of surrounding material with similar PCB availability as untreated sediment was redeposited in the cages Polychlorinated biphenyls bioaccumulation with caged polychaetes from untreated sediment was half as large under field conditions compared with laboratory conditions A biodynamic model was used to confirm and quantify the different processes that could hive influenced these results Three factors appeared most influential in the bioassays AC amendment significantly reduces bioavailability under laboratory and field conditions sediment deposition within test cages in the field partially masks the remedial benefit of underlying AC amended sediment and deposit feeders exhibit less PCB uptake from untreated sediment when feeding is reduced Ex situ and in situ experiments inevitably show some differences that are associated with measurement methods and effects of the environment Parallel ex situ and in situ bioassays passive sampler measurements and quantifying important processes with a model can tease apart these field influences Environ Toxicol Chem 2011 30 173-180 (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Janssen, Elisabeth M-L; Luthy, Richard G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Oen, Amy M. P.] Norwegian Geotech Inst, Dept Environm Technol, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. [Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Janssen, Elisabeth/K-4246-2012 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER 1552] FX Project funding was provided through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP ER 1552) NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1002/etc.367 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 701JM UT WOS:000285814200017 PM 20872900 ER PT B AU Krankina, ON Pflugmacher, D Hayes, DJ McGuire, AD Hansen, MC Hame, T Elsakov, V Nelson, P AF Krankina, Olga N. Pflugmacher, Dirk Hayes, Daniel J. McGuire, A. David Hansen, Matthew C. Hame, Tuomas Elsakov, Vladimir Nelson, Peder BE Gutman, G Reissel, A TI Vegetation Cover in the Eurasian Arctic: Distribution, Monitoring, and Role in Carbon Cycling SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; FOREST COVER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; AVHRR DATA; MODIS DATA; DATA SETS; LAND; PRODUCTS; MAP; CLIMATE AB Comparison of several recent, publicly available and widely used land-cover products for the Eurasian Arctic revealed important differences in their representations of vegetation distribution. Such disparities have important implications for models that use these products as driving data sets to monitor vegetation and its role in carbon dynamics. The differences between GLC-2000 and MODIS.PFT are concentrated at borders between biomes, as well as in parts of the region where a significant presence of open-canopy vegetation is expected. In these two maps, tree cover is represented more consistently than shrub or herbaceous cover, and the MODIS.VCF product corroborates the general pattern of tree-cover distribution. The comparison of the MODIS.VCF and AVHRR.VCF maps over northeastern Europe indicates good agreement in the south with increasing disagreement further north primarily due to differences in definitions of the mapped variables. The analysis of land-cover maps at two Landsat validation sites showed different patterns of agreement and disagreement. At the forest dominated St. Petersburg site, the GLC-2000 and MODIS.PFT classifications both exaggerated tree cover and under-reported shrub and herbaceous vegetation. At the tundra site (Komi), the over-reporting of tree cover by GLC-2000 and the failure of MODIS.PFT to separate shrub and herbaceous vegetation were the major issues in representing the overall land cover. A simple analysis that extrapolated results of biogeochemical modeling showed that a very different picture of the regional carbon balance emerges when different vegetation maps are used as model inputs. C1 [Krankina, Olga N.; Pflugmacher, Dirk; Nelson, Peder] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hansen, Matthew C.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hame, Tuomas] Tech Res Ctr Finland, Helsinki 02044, Finland. [Elsakov, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Syktyvkar 167610, Russia. RP Krankina, ON (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM krankinao@fsl.orst.edu; Dirk.Pflugmacher@oregonstate.edu; Daniel.Hayes@alaska.edu; admcguire@alaska.edu; Matthew.Hansen@sdstate.edu; tuomas.hame@vtt.fi; elsakov@ib.komisc.ru; Peder.Nelson@oregonstate.edu NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9117-8 PY 2011 BP 79 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BSD75 UT WOS:000284236100005 ER PT J AU Boyle, WA Conway, CJ Bronstein, JL AF Boyle, W. Alice Conway, Courtney J. Bronstein, Judith L. TI Why do some, but not all, tropical birds migrate? A comparative study of diet breadth and fruit preference SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diet; Elevational gradient; Fruit preference; Interspecific competition; Nutrient limitation; Resource variability ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; NORTH-AMERICAN-BIRDS; FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS; ALTITUDINAL MIGRATION; HUMMINGBIRD COMMUNITY; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; SWITCHING BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL VARIATION; EATING BIRDS; COSTA-RICA AB Annual migrations of birds profoundly influence terrestrial communities. However, few empirical studies examine why birds migrate, in part due to the difficulty of testing causal hypotheses in long-distance migration systems. Short-distance altitudinal migrations provide relatively tractable systems in which to test explanations for migration. Many past studies explain tropical altitudinal migration as a response to spatial and temporal variation in fruit availability. Yet this hypothesis fails to explain why some coexisting, closely-related frugivorous birds remain resident year-round. We take a mechanistic approach by proposing and evaluating two hypotheses (one based on competitive exclusion and the other based on differences in dietary specialization) to explain why some, but not all, tropical frugivores migrate. We tested predictions of these hypotheses by comparing diets, fruit preferences, and the relationships between diet and preference in closely-related pairs of migrant and resident species. Fecal samples and experimental choice trials revealed that sympatric migrants and residents differed in both their diets and fruit preferences. Migrants consumed a greater diversity of fruits and fewer arthropods than did their resident counterparts. Migrants also tended to have slightly stronger fruit preferences than residents. Most critically, diets of migrants more closely matched their preferences than did the diets of residents. These results suggest that migrants may be competitively superior foragers for fruit compared to residents (rather than vice versa), implying that current competitive interactions are unlikely to explain variation in migratory behavior among coexisting frugivores. We found some support for the dietary specialization hypothesis, propose refinements to the mechanism underlying this hypothesis, and discuss how dietary specialization might ultimately reflect past interspecific competition. We recommend that future studies quantify variation in nutritional content of tropical fruits, and determine whether frugivory is a consequence or a cause of migratory behaviour. C1 [Boyle, W. Alice; Bronstein, Judith L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Boyle, W. Alice] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Boyle, WA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM aboyle7@uwo.ca; cconway@ag.arizona.edu; judieb@email.arizona.edu RI Boyle, W. Alice/G-1872-2010 OI Boyle, W. Alice/0000-0002-2880-142X FU National Science Foundation [0410531]; NSERC; International Arid Lands Consortium; American Ornithologists' Union; University of Arizona FX H. Reider, R. Repasky L., Cholodenko, A. Zambrano, and J. Montoya-Morera, and provided exceptional field assistance. B. Boyle, B. Hammel, F. Morales, N. Zamora, C. Taylor, R. Kriebel, J. Gonzalez, and O. Vargas helped identify plants. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0410531), an NSERC (PGS-B) fellowship, the International Arid Lands Consortium, the American Ornithologists' Union, and the University of Arizona. A. Bien, R. Tenorio, J. Guevara (MINAE permit #154-2002), and the University of Arizona IACUC (permit 02-068) provided permits and logistical support. R. Steidl, D. Levey, T. Fontaine, R. Greenberg and anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s10682-010-9403-4 PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 724UA UT WOS:000287600500015 ER PT B AU Whitman, RL Nevers, MB Przybyla-Kelly, K Byappanahalli, MN AF Whitman, Richard L. Nevers, Meredith B. Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. BE Sadowsky, MJ Whitman, RL TI PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA IN SURFACE WATER SO FECAL BACTERIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; BEACH SAND; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; NEARSHORE WATER; COASTAL WATER; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS C1 [Whitman, Richard L.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 185 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-608-7 PY 2011 BP 111 EP 134 PG 24 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BSR24 UT WOS:000285533600006 ER PT B AU Sadowsky, MJ Whitman, RL AF Sadowsky, Michael J. Whitman, Richard L. BE Sadowsky, MJ Whitman, RL TI CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE USE OF FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA FOR MONITORING WATER QUALITY AND PROTECTING HUMAN HEALTH SO FECAL BACTERIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA MICROARRAYS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCE; NEARSHORE WATER; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SOIL; ENTEROCOCCI C1 [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-608-7 PY 2011 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BSR24 UT WOS:000285533600013 ER PT J AU Lutz, JA Key, CH Kolden, CA Kane, JT van Wagtendonk, JW AF Lutz, James A. Key, Carl H. Kolden, Crystal A. Kane, Jonathan T. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. TI FIRE FREQUENCY, AREA BURNED, AND SEVERITY: A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO DEFINING A NORMAL FIRE YEAR SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differenced Normalized Burn Ratio; fire severity; fire severity normals; Sierra Nevada; Weibull distribution; Yosemite National Park AB Fire frequency, area burned, and fire severity are important attributes of a fire regime, but few studies have quantified the interrelationships among them in evaluating a fire year. Although area burned is often used to summarize a fire season, burned area may not be well correlated with either the number or ecological effect of fires. Using the Landsat data archive, we examined all 148 wildland fires (prescribed fires and wildfires) >40 ha from 1984 through 2009 for the portion of the Sierra Nevada centered on Yosemite National Park, California, USA. We calculated mean fire frequency and mean annual area burned from a combination of field- and satellite-derived data. We used the continuous probability distribution of the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) values to describe fire severity. For fires >40 ha, fire frequency, annual area burned, and cumulative severity were consistent in only 13 of 26 years (50%), but all pair-wise comparisons among these fire regime attributes were significant. Borrowing from long-established practice in climate science, we defined "fire normals" to be the 26 year means of fire frequency, annual area burned, and the area under the cumulative probability distribution of dNBR. Fire severity normals were significantly lower when they were aggregated by year compared to aggregation by area. Cumulative severity distributions for each year were best modeled with Weibull functions (all 26 years, r(2) >= 0.99; P < 0.001). Explicit modeling of the cumulative severity distributions may allow more comprehensive modeling of climate-severity and area-severity relationships. Together, the three metrics of number of fires, size of fires, and severity of fires provide land managers with a more comprehensive summary of a given fire year than any single metric. C1 [Lutz, James A.; Kane, Jonathan T.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Key, Carl H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Kolden, Crystal A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Lutz, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlutz@uw.edu FU US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program (Climate change impacts on burn severity in three forest ecoregions of the US) FX We thank Stephen Howard for assistance with MTBS processing, Jay Miller for discussions about Sierra Nevada fire history and data, and Kent van Wagtendonk and Yosemite National Park for data and data management. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program (Climate change impacts on burn severity in three forest ecoregions of the US). Previous versions of this manuscript were improved by comments from Nate Benson, Kim Keating, Janine Powell, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0702051 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VH UT WOS:000208707800005 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Ennen, JR Madrak, SV Loughran, CL Meyer, KP Arundel, TR Bjurlin, CD AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ennen, Joshua R. Madrak, Sheila V. Loughran, Caleb L. Meyer, Katherin P. Arundel, Terence R. Bjurlin, Curtis D. TI LONG-TERM POST-FIRE EFFECTS ON SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT OF FEMALE AGASSIZ'S DESERT TORTOISES (GOPHERUS AGASSIZII) AT A WIND ENERGY FACILITY NEAR PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agassiz's desert tortoise; California; fire effects; Gopherus agassizii; movement; reproduction; Sonoran Desert; wind energy AB We studied the long-term response of a cohort of eight female Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) during the first 15 years following a large fire at a wind energy generation facility near Palm Springs, California, USA. The fire burned a significant portion of the study site in 1995. Tortoise activity areas were mapped using minimum convex polygons for a proximate post-fire interval from 1997 to 2000, and a long-term post-fire interval from 2009 to 2010. In addition, we measured the annual reproductive output of eggs each year and monitored the body condition of tortoises over time. One adult female tortoise was killed by the fire and five tortoises bore exposure scars that were not fatal. Despite predictions that tortoises would make the short-distance movements from burned to nearby unburned habitats, most activity areas and their centroids remained in burned areas for the duration of the study. The percentage of activity area burned did not differ significantly between the two monitoring periods. Annual reproductive output and measures of body condition remained statistically similar throughout the monitoring period. Despite changes in plant composition, conditions at this site appeared to be suitable for survival of tortoises following a major fire. High productivity at the site may have buffered tortoises from the adverse impacts of fire if they were not killed outright. Tortoise populations at less productive desert sites may not have adequate resources to sustain normal activity areas, reproductive output, and body conditions following fire. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Ennen, Joshua R.; Loughran, Caleb L.; Arundel, Terence R.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ennen, Joshua R.] Maryville Coll, Dept Biol, Maryville, TN 37804 USA. [Madrak, Sheila V.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Meyer, Katherin P.] San Bernardino Natl Forest, Lytle Creek, CA 92358 USA. [Bjurlin, Curtis D.] Wind Capital Grp, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr,MS 9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU California Energy Commission; California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM; Joshua Tree National Park FX Many people assisted us during the course of this study. Field support for this project was provided by interns from the Student Conservation Association and by volunteers too numerous to list. Special thanks to R. Daniels, R Griese, M. Massar, and G. Wright for their long commitment to the support of our project. M. Westbrooks and K. Madsen allowed us to use their veterinary facilities to process X-radiographs. C. Porter and A. Burvick of the Flagstaff Medical Center also provided access to processing facilities. Meaghan Meulblok and Mirza Agha assisted with manuscript preparation. Research was supported by the California Energy Commission, California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM, and Joshua Tree National Park. Research was conducted under permits from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the BLM. We are grateful to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Northern Arizona University for reviewing and approving our research procedures. Earlier versions of the manuscript benefitted greatly from comments offered by T. Esque and M. Brooks. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 3 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0703075 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VI UT WOS:000208707900007 ER PT J AU Brehme, CS Clark, DR Rochester, CJ Fisher, RN AF Brehme, Cheryl S. Clark, Denise R. Rochester, Carlton J. Fisher, Robert N. TI WILDFIRES ALTER RODENT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ACROSS FOUR VEGETATION TYPES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chaetodipus; chaparral; coastal sage scrub; Dipodomys; grassland; Neotoma; Peromyscus; small mammals; wildfire; woodland AB We surveyed burned and unburned plots across four habitat reserves in San Diego County, California, USA, in 2005 and 2006, to assess the effects of the 2003 wildfires on the community structure and relative abundance of rodent species. The reserves each contained multiple vegetation types (coastal sage scrub, chaparral, woodland, and grassland) and spanned from 250 m to 1078 m in elevation. Multivariate analyses revealed a more simplified rodent community structure in all burned habitats in comparison to unburned habitats. Reduction in shrub and tree cover was highly predictive of changes in post-fire rodent community structure in the burned coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats. Reduction in cover was not predictive for the less substantially burned woodlands and grasslands, for which we hypothesized that interspecific competition played a greater role in post-fire community structure. Across vegetation types, generalists and open habitat specialists typically increased in relative abundance, whereas closed habitat specialists decreased. We documented significant increases in relative abundance of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner) and Dulzura kangaroo rat (Dipodomys simulans Merriam). In contrast, we found significant decreases in relative abundance for the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus Gambel), San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax Merriam), desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida Thomas), and brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii Baird). Currently, our research program involves assessment of whether habitat conservation plans (HCPs) in southern California provide long-term protection to HCP covered species, as well as preserve ecosystem function. The scenario of increased wildfires needs to be incorporated into this assessment. We discuss our results in relation to management and conservation planning under a future scenario of larger and more frequent wildfires in southern California. C1 [Brehme, Cheryl S.; Clark, Denise R.; Rochester, Carlton J.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Brehme, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM cbrehme@usgs.gov; drclark@usgs.gov FU San Diego MSCP Initiative; California Department of Fish and Game; The Nature Conservancy; United States Fish and Wildlife Services; United States Geological Survey; San Diego Association of Governments-TransNet Environmental Management Program FX The journal editor and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. This manuscript also benefitted from reviews by M.E. Mueller, D. Schwilk, J. Yee, and R. Klinger. We thank Dr. J. Yee for statistical advice. For site access, we thank all four land managers (T. Dillingham of California Department of Fish and Game; J. Stowers, B. Thompson, and J. Rundell of San Diego County Parks and Recreation Department; I. Kay of Elliott Chaparral Reserve; and J. Schlachter and J. Byergo of Bureau of Land Management). For their efforts in the field and in the office, we thank S. Hathaway, T. Matsuda, M. Mendelsohn, S. Schuster, D. Stokes, G. Turschak, and D. Wood. Funding for this project was provided in part by the San Diego MSCP Initiative, California Department of Fish and Game, The Nature Conservancy, United States Fish and Wildlife Services, United States Geological Survey, and the San Diego Association of Governments-TransNet Environmental Management Program. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Geological Survey. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 39 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0702081 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VH UT WOS:000208707800007 ER PT J AU Margolis, EQ Swetnam, TW Allen, CD AF Margolis, Ellis Q. Swetnam, Thomas W. Allen, Craig D. TI HISTORICAL STAND-REPLACING FIRE IN UPPER MONTANE FORESTS OF THE MADREAN SKY ISLANDS AND MOGOLLON PLATEAU, SOUTHWESTERN USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire history; mixed conifer; quaking aspen; spruce-fir; tree ring ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; ARIZONA; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; FREQUENCY; CLIMATE; ASPENS AB The recent occurrence of large fires with a substantial stand-replacing component in the southwestern United States (e. g., Cerro Grande, 2000; Rodeo-Chedeski, 2002; Aspen, 2003; Horseshoe 2, Las Conchas, and Wallow, 2011) has raised questions about the historical role of stand-replacing fire in the region. We reconstructed fire dates and stand-replacing fire patch sizes using four lines of tree-ring evidence at four upper montane forest sites (>2600 m) in the Madrean Sky Islands and Mogollon Plateau of Arizona and New Mexico, USA. The four lines of tree-ring evidence include: (1) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and spruce-fir age structure, (2) conifer death dates, (3) traumatic resin ducts and ring-width changes, and (4) conifer fire scars. Pre-1905 fire regimes in the upper montane forest sites were variable, with drier, south-facing portions of some sites recording frequent, low-severity fire (mean fire interval of all fires ranging from 5 yr to 11 yr among sites), others burning with stand-replacing severity, and others with no evidence of fire for >300 yr. Reconstructed fires at three of the four sites (Pinaleno Mountains, San Francisco Peaks, and Gila Wilderness) had stand-replacing fire patches >200 ha, with maximum patch sizes ranging from 286 ha in mixed conifer-aspen forests to 521 ha in spruce-fir forests. These data suggest that recent stand-replacing fire patches as large as 200 ha to 500 ha burning in upper elevation (>2600 m) mixed conifer-aspen and spruce-fir forests may be within the historical range of variability. C1 [Margolis, Ellis Q.; Swetnam, Thomas W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Margolis, EQ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, 105 W Stadium, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ellisqm@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184 FU US Geological Survey, through the USGS Biological Resources Division, Global Change Program [99CRAG0024]; University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research [99CRAG0024] FX This project was funded by Cooperative Agreement No. 99CRAG0024 between the US Geological Survey, through the USGS Biological Resources Division, Global Change Program, and the University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. Thanks to M. Zummwalt, J. Iniguez, R. Adams, A. Fitzwater, C. Farris, R. Franklin, M. Villarreal, C. Baisan, and K. Morino for help with data collection, sample preparation, sample dating, and participation in discussions of the ideas presented. We would also like to thank Dr. Peter Z. Fule and three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on this manuscript. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 25 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 3 BP 88 EP 107 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0703088 PG 20 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VI UT WOS:000208707900008 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Pilliod, DS AF Hossack, Blake R. Pilliod, David S. TI AMPHIBIAN RESPONSES TO WILDFIRE IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: EMERGING PATTERNS FROM SHORT-TERM STUDIES SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; conservation; decline; fire effects; forest management; fragmentation; life history strategies; population; wildfire AB The increased frequency and severity of large wildfires in the western United States is an important ecological and management issue with direct relevance to amphibian conservation. Although the knowledge of fire effects on amphibians in the region is still limited relative to most other vertebrate species, we reviewed the current literature to determine if there are evident patterns that might be informative for conservation or management strategies. Of the seven studies that compared pre- and post-wildfire data on a variety of metrics, ranging from amphibian occupancy to body condition, two reported positive responses and five detected negative responses by at least one species. Another seven studies used a retrospective approach to compare effects of wildfire on populations: two studies reported positive effects, three reported negative effects from wildfire, and two reported no effects. All four studies that included plethodontid salamanders reported negative effects on populations or individuals; these effects were greater in forests where fire had been suppressed and in areas that burned with high severity. Species that breed in streams are also vulnerable to post-wildfire changes in habitat, especially in the Southwest. Wildfire is also important for maintaining suitable habitat for diverse amphibian communities, although those results may not be evident immediately after an area burns. We expect that wildfire will extirpate few healthy amphibian populations, but it is still unclear how populations will respond to wildfire in the context of land management (including pre-and post-fire timber harvest) and fragmentation. Wildfire may also increase the risk of decline or extirpation for small, isolated, or stressed (e.g., from drought or disease) populations. Improved understanding of how these effects vary according to changes in fire frequency and severity are critical to form more effective conservation strategies for amphibians in the western United States. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX Comments by B. Rieman, S. Corn, M. Sredl, W. Lowe, two anonymous reviewers, and the editor improved the manuscript. J. Welty helped with figure 1. This work was supported by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 129 EP 144 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0702129 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VH UT WOS:000208707800010 ER PT J AU Kaczynski, KM Beatty, SW van Wagtendonk, JW Marshall, KN AF Kaczynski, Kristen M. Beatty, Susan W. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Marshall, Kristin N. TI BURN SEVERITY AND NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abies concolor; Abies magnifica; bull thistle; burn severity; Cirsium vulgare; non-native plants; Yosemite National Park AB We examined non-native species density three years after the Tuolumne Fire, which burned 1540 ha in upper montane forest in California, USA. We sampled 60 plots, stratified by burn severity (low, moderate, or high severity) and landscape position (lowland or upland). We detected non-native species in 8 of 11 (73 %) of high severity lowland sites and in 5 of 10 (50 %) of moderate severity lowland sites but, overall, richness and abundance was low. We detected only five non-native species, of which bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare [Savi] Ten.) was the most common. Although non-native abundance is currently low, we recommend continued low intensity monitoring, especially on high severity burned lowland sites. C1 [Kaczynski, Kristen M.; Beatty, Susan W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Marshall, Kristin N.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Marshall, Kristin N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forestry Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kaczynski, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Campus Box 260, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Kristen.Kaczynski@colostate.edu FU National Park Service Sierra Nevada Inventory and Monitoring Network FX Thank you to A. Leeman for assistance in data collection, and T. Veblen, T. Seastedt, K. McShea, and M. Rose for comments on the initial thesis. We also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers, who greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Park Service Sierra Nevada Inventory and Monitoring Network. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0702145 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VH UT WOS:000208707800011 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE Schill, WB AF Starliper, Clifford E. Schill, William B. BE Woo, PTK Bruno, DW TI Flavobacterial Diseases: Columnaris Disease, Coldwater Disease and Bacterial Gill Disease SO FISH DISEASES AND DISORDERS, VOL 3: VIRAL, BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHONDROITIN AC LYASE; COLD-WATER DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; FRY SYNDROME; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; CYTOPHAGA-PSYCHROPHILA C1 [Starliper, Clifford E.; Schill, William B.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X NR 152 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-554-2 PY 2011 BP 606 EP 631 DI 10.1079/9781845935542.0606 D2 10.1079/9781845935542.0000 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BVY86 UT WOS:000293175200018 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Marjara, IS Batts, W Kurath, G Hansen, JD AF Purcell, Maureen K. Marjara, Inderjit Singh Batts, William Kurath, Gael Hansen, John D. TI Transcriptome analysis of rainbow trout infected with high and low virulence strains of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microarray; Gene expression; Interferon; Translation; Transcription; Host cell shutoff ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; HOST GENE-EXPRESSION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MATRIX PROTEIN; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; FACTOR-ALPHA; CELL-LINE; RNA; PATHOGENESIS; RHABDOVIRUS AB There are three main genetic lineages or genogroups of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in N. America. Strains representing the M genogroup are more virulent in rainbow trout relative to the U genogroup. In this study, we used microarray analysis to evaluate potential mechanisms responsible for host-specific virulence in rainbow trout that were given intraperitoneal injections of buffer or a representative M or U type virus strain. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to assess viral load and gene expression of select immune genes. Viral load was significantly higher in trout infected with the M virus starting at 24 h post-infection (p.i.) and continuing until 72 h p.i. Microarray analysis of the 48 h time point revealed 153 up-regulated and 248 down-regulated features in response to M virus infection but only 62 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated features following U virus infection. Translation and transcription features were among the most frequent down-regulated features in response to M virus infection and may be associated with the host cell shutoff phenomenon. A greater host cell shutoff response by the M virus may facilitate subversion of the host cell transcriptional machinery and enhance viral replication, suggesting the M virus may be better optimized to manipulate the rainbow trout transcriptional and translational machinery. Anti-viral associated features were the most commonly up-regulated features. A common set of features were up-regulated in both the M and U infection groups, but were induced to a higher magnitude in the M infection group. Gene expression of the anti-viral genes Mx-1 and Vig-1 was correlated but not entirely dependent on viral load in the anterior kidney. Slower replication of the U virus may allow the host more time to induce protective anti-viral immune mechanisms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Marjara, Inderjit Singh; Batts, William; Kurath, Gael; Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Marjara, Inderjit Singh] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35204-17393, 2003-35205-15072]; European Commission [007103] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the technical assistance of Ma. Michelle Penaranda, Tera Matson (WFRC-USGS) and David Metzger (NMFS-NOAA). Rainbow trout were kindly provided by Dr. Scott LaPatra (Clear Spring Foods, Inc.) We thank the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health, and the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative for use of their bioinformatics computational cluster. We thank the University of Washington Center for Expression Arrays (CEA) for their assistance in the microarray analysis, particularly Rob Hall. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Ben Koop and the GRASP group (University of Victoria) for making the Atlantic salmon microarray and methodology available to the research community. The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35204-17393 and grant number 2003-35205-15072. Dr. Marjara's work was funded by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Program; project "IMAQUANIM" No. 007103. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.09.007 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 715SF UT WOS:000286905800011 PM 20883797 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Sherry, TW Harris, J AF Brown, David R. Sherry, Thomas W. Harris, James TI Hurricane Katrina impacts the breeding bird community in a bottomland hardwood forest of the Pearl River basin, Louisiana SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Birds; Coastal forest; Disturbance; Gulf coast; Hurricanes; Katrina; Louisiana ID TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM SWAMPS; GULF-COAST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES; AVIFAUNA; WETLANDS; GILBERT AB We monitored breeding bird communities and vegetation both before and after Hurricane Katrina category 2 winds severely damaged extensive bottomland hardwood forest of the Pearl River basin, south Louisiana. Many trees were felled by wind, most others were stripped of leaves and branches, and the canopy opened considerably (57%). Blackberry thickets sprouted and expanded to cover almost all of what was previously a patchily open forest understory. The bird community changed distinctively following the hurricane, driven primarily by increased density of species that prefer dense understory (regenerating) habitat. Individual species that increased significantly in density included one year-round resident, Carolina wren, and five breeding migrants, white-eyed vireo, Swainson's warbler, Kentucky warbler, hooded warbler, and yellow-breasted chat. These patterns were predictable responses to the opened canopy and increased density of understory vegetation. However, over three years following the storm, most species, especially canopy breeders, showed no distinct numerical response to the hurricane, which suggests that the initial bird community was resistant to hurricane disturbance. Only one species. Acadian flycatcher, declined significantly after the hurricane, presumably because of loss of its preferred open understory breeding and feeding habitat. Our results thus document and reinforce the important role hurricanes play along the Gulf coast in structuring forest bird communities by altering understory habitat. We expect habitat changes will continue as invasive plant species further change forest community structure, and as large storms increase in frequency in relation to global climate change. Thus, we also expect continued changes to the bird community, which may include additional future declines. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, David R.] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [Sherry, Thomas W.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Harris, James] Bayou Lacombe Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacombe, LA 70445 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 521 Lancaster Ave, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. EM david.brown@eku.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0089541]; USFWS FX We are grateful for the hard work of various field technicians including Kate Fournier, Nathan Hodgkins, Isaac Kremsky, Bryan Sigel, and Shannon Tanner. We also thank employees of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for assistance with trail clearing. Support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0089541) and USFWS. Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.038 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 692DP UT WOS:000285132000013 ER PT S AU Jean, C Shanahan, E Daley, R DeNitto, G Reinhart, D Schwartz, C AF Jean, Cathie Shanahan, Erin Daley, Rob DeNitto, Gregg Reinhart, Dan Schwartz, Chuck BE Keane, RE Tomback, DF Murray, MP Smith, CM TI Monitoring White Pine Blister Rust Infection and Mortality in Whitebark Pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO FUTURE OF HIGH-ELEVATION, FIVE-NEEDLE WHITE PINES IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA: PROCEEDINGS OF THE HIGH FIVE SYMPOSIUM, 2010 SE USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High 5 Symposium on the Future of High-Elevation, 5-Needle White Pines in Western North America CY JUN 28-30, 2010 CL Missoula, MT SP Crater Lake Inst, Crater Lake Natl Hist Assoc, Greater Yellowstone Pk Inventory & Monitor Network, Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resources Defense Council, Pk Canada, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosystem Studies Unit, Sierra Nevada Inventory & Monitor Network, Nat Conservancy, Upper Columbia Basin Inventory & Monitor Network, Univ Montana Coll Forestry & Conservat, US Forest Serv, No Region, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn C1 [Jean, Cathie; Shanahan, Erin; Daley, Rob] NPS Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [DeNitto, Gregg] USDA Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, Missoula, MT USA. [Reinhart, Dan] NPS Yellowstone Natl Pk, Mammoth, WY USA. [Schwartz, Chuck] US Geol Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Jean, C (reprint author), NPS Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA SN 1945-0672 J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2011 VL 63 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG8OL UT WOS:000392553300038 ER PT J AU Cress, JJ Sloan, JL Hutt, ME AF Cress, Jill J. Sloan, Jeff L. Hutt, Michael E. TI Implementation of unmanned aircraft systems by the US Geological Survey SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE unmanned aircraft systems; USGS UAS Project Office AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Project Office is leading the implementation of UAS technology in anticipation of transforming the research methods and management techniques employed across the Department of the Interior. UAS technology is being made available to monitor environmental conditions, analyse the impacts of climate change, respond to natural hazards, understand landscape change rates and consequences, conduct wildlife inventories and support related land management missions. USGS is teaming with the Department of the Interior Aviation Management Directorate (AMD) to lead the safe and cost-effective adoption of UAS technology by the Department of the Interior Agencies and USGS scientists. C1 [Cress, Jill J.; Sloan, Jeff L.; Hutt, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cress, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jjcress@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1080/10106049.2010.533199 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V27RT UT WOS:000208631000006 ER PT J AU Thomas, JP Fisher, GB Chandler, LA Angeli, KM Wheeler, DJ Glover, RP Schenck-Gardner, EJ Wiles, SE Lindley, CF Peccini, MB AF Thomas, James P. Fisher, Gary B. Chandler, Lisbeth A. Angeli, Kim M. Wheeler, Douglas J. Glover, Robert P. Schenck-Gardner, Elizabeth J. Wiles, Steve E. Lindley, Carolyn F. Peccini, Michael B. TI Using remote sensing and imagery exploitation to monitor the dynamics of East Timbalier Island, LA: 2000-2010 SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE coast; Gulf of Mexico; erosion; hurricane impacts; restoration; wetlands AB In 1999, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service and the State of Louisiana jointly undertook the restoration of East Timbalier, a barrier island along a sediment-starved portion of the Gulf of Mexico coast of Louisiana. High-resolution overhead imagery was used to monitor the course of this restoration effort. This article describes the changes in area and movement of East Timbalier Island and compares these changes with the previous measurements. Between 2000 and 2010, East Timbalier Island lost 52-66% of its area and moved northwards 12-105 m/year. The area of East Timbalier Island is less today than at any time since 1887. Understanding of the physical processes in nature that control the size, shape and movement of the island, as well as the human impacts that have hastened its degradation, is critical for accomplishing any future restoration. C1 [Thomas, James P.; Peccini, Michael B.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fisher, Gary B.; Chandler, Lisbeth A.; Angeli, Kim M.; Wheeler, Douglas J.; Glover, Robert P.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Schenck-Gardner, Elizabeth J.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NESDIS Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39525 USA. [Wiles, Steve E.] Lockheed Martin, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Lindley, Carolyn F.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thomas, JP (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM james.thomas@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 613 EP 632 DI 10.1080/10106049.2011.623791 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V27SC UT WOS:000208631900003 ER PT S AU Lund, K Aleinikoff, JN Evans, KV AF Lund, Karen Aleinikoff, John N. Evans, Karl V. BE Arnaud, E Halverson, GP ShieldsZhou, G TI The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA SO GEOLOGICAL RECORD OF NEOPROTEROZOIC GLACIATIONS SE Geological Society Memoirs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; WESTERN LAURENTIA; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; POCATELLO FORMATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHERN UTAH; HAMILL GROUP; GLACIATION; INITIATION; MOUNTAINS AB In central Idaho, Neoproterozoic stratified rocks are engulfed by the Late Cretaceous Idaho batholith and by Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Challis event. Studied sections in the Gospel Peaks and Big Creek areas of west-central Idaho are in roof pendants of the Idaho batholith. A drill core section studied from near Challis, east-central Idaho, lies beneath the Challis Volcanic Group and is not exposed at the surface. Metamorphic and deformational overprinting, as well as widespread dismembering by the younger igneous rocks, conceals many primary details. Despite this, these rocks provide important links for regional correlations and have produced critical geochronological data for two Neoproterozoic glacial periods in the North American Cordillera. At the base of the section, the more than 700-m-thick Edwardsburg Formation (Fm.) contains interlayered diamictite and volcanic rocks. There are two diamictite-bearing members in the Edwardsburg Fm. that are closely related in time. Each of the diamictites is associated with intermediate composition tuff or flow rocks and the diamictites are separated by mafic volcanic rocks. SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicates that the lower diamictite is about 685 +/- 7 Ma, whereas the upper diamictite is 684 +/- 4 Ma. The diamictite units are part of a cycle of rocks from coarse clastic, to fine clastic, to carbonate rocks that, by correlation to better preserved sections, are thought to record an older Cryogenian glacial to interglacial period in the northern US Cordillera. The more than 75-m-thick diamictite of Daugherty Gulch is dated at 664 +/- 6 Ma. This unit is preserved only in drill core and the palaeoenvironmental interpretation and local stratigraphic relations are non-unique. Thus, the date for this diamictite may provide a date for a newly recognized glaciogenic horizon or may be a minimum age for the diamictite in the Edwardsburg Fm. The c. 1000-m-thick Moores Lake Fm. is an amphibolite facies diamictite in which glacial features have not been observed. However, it is part of a sedimentary cycle from unsorted siliclastic deposits to mud and carbonate deposits. Using lithostratigraphy and available geochronology, the Moores Lake Fm. is correlated with a younger succession of Cryogenian glaciogenic rocks in southeastern Idaho. Traditional correlations of Neoproterozoic rocks in the Cordillera recognize two levels of Cryogenian diamictites. The Edwardsburg and Moores Lake diamictites along the middle Cordillera fit well into the scenario of two glacial events. Because of the correlations, dates that provide ages for the diamictites in central Idaho (and corroborated in southeastern Idaho, Link & Fanning 2008) could constrain the age of correlated glaciogenic deposits elsewhere in the Cordillera. However, in the absence of dates for the glaciogenic diamictites in Canadian and southern US Cordilleran sections, the correlations are considered possible but uncertain. C1 [Lund, Karen; Aleinikoff, John N.; Evans, Karl V.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lund, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,Fed Ctr Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM klund@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0435-4052 BN 978-1-86239-334-9 J9 GEOL SOC MEM PY 2011 VL 36 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1144/M36.39 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA BZA05 UT WOS:000300897200039 ER PT J AU Markewich, HW Wysocki, DA Pavich, MJ Rutledge, EM AF Markewich, Helaine W. Wysocki, Douglas A. Pavich, Milan J. Rutledge, E. Moye TI Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, U.S.A. SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID INTERSTRATIFIED KAOLINITE-SMECTITE; LOESS-DERIVED SOILS; RIVER VALLEY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; UNITED-STATES; EASTERN ARKANSAS; PARENT MATERIAL; DRIFTLESS AREA; NORTH-AMERICA; SEA-LEVEL AB For more than a century, the Sangamon paleosol (the Sangamon) has been an integral part of geologic and pedologic investigations in the central United States, including the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri River Valleys. Compositional, pedologic, micromorphologic, stratigraphic, and age data indicate that the prominent reddish paleosol developed in silt-rich deposits of the Lower Mississippi Valley, from southernmost Illinois to northwestern Mississippi, represents multiple periods of soil formation, and is wholly or in part time equivalent to the Sangamon of the central United States. Thermoluminescence data, for localities where the Sangamon developed in loess, indicate that the primary period of loess deposition was from 190 to 130 ka (oxygen isotope stage, OIS6), that loess deposition continued intermittently from 130 to 74 ka (OIS5), and that deposition was wholly or in part coeval with Loveland loess deposition in the central United States. Beryllium-10, chemical, and pedologic data indicate that in the Lower Mississippi Valley: (1) the Sangamon represents a minimum time period of 60-80 k.y.; (2) there were at least two periods of soil formation, ca. 130-90 ka and 74-58 ka (OIS4); and (3) rates of weathering and pedogenesis equaled or exceeded the net loess-accumulation rate until at least 46 ka (OIS3) and resulted in development of a paleosol in the overlying basal Roxana Silt. Along a N-S transect from southern Illinois to western Mississippi, Sangamon macroscopic characteristics as well as the micromorphology, chemistry, and mineralogy, suggest a regional paleoclimate during periods of soil formation that: (1) was warm to hot, with a wider range in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration than present; (2) had seasonal to decadal or longer periods of drought; and (3) had down-valley (southward) trends of increasing temperature and precipitation and decreasing seasonality and variation in annual to decadal precipitation. C1 [Markewich, Helaine W.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [Wysocki, Douglas A.] Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Pavich, Milan J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rutledge, E. Moye] Univ Arkansas, Emeritus Fac, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Markewich, HW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM helainem@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Global Change and Climate History program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We are indebted to the many staff of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service and of the U. S. Geological Survey who participated in field and laboratory work and to the landowners who allowed access to their properties. We particularly want to thank P. B. Maat and H. T. Millard, formerly with the U. S. Geological Survey Luminescence Dating Laboratory, who accompanied us in the field and provided the thermoluminescence (TL) age data for the Lower Mississippi Valley samples. The original manuscript benefited greatly from reviews by Kevin A. Kincare of the U. S. Geological Survey, David A. Grimley of the Illinois State Geological Survey, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 121 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.1130/B30208.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699XL UT WOS:000285696100002 ER PT J AU Conrad, JE Hein, JR Chaudhuri, AK Patranabis-Deb, S Mukhopadhyay, J Deb, GK Beukes, NJ AF Conrad, James E. Hein, James R. Chaudhuri, Asru K. Patranabis-Deb, Sarbani Mukhopadhyay, Joydip Deb, Gautam Kumar Beukes, Nicolas J. TI Constraints on the development of Proterozoic basins in central India from Ar-40/Ar-39 analysis of authigenic glauconitic minerals SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID K-AR AGES; PENINSULAR INDIA; PENGANGA GROUP; SOUTH-INDIA; VINDHYAN SUPERGROUP; OCEAN CHEMISTRY; DHARWAR CRATON; ANDHRA-PRADESH; EVOLUTION; ZIRCON AB Ages of some key stratigraphic sequences in central Indian Proterozoic basins are based predominantly on lithostratigraphic relationships that have been constrained by only a few radioisotopic dates. To help improve age constraints, single grains of glauconitic minerals taken from sandstone and limestone in two Proterozoic sequences in the Pranhita-Godavari Valley and the Chattisgarh basin were analyzed by the Ar-40/Ar-39 incremental heating method. Analysis of the age spectra distinguishes between ages that are interpreted to reflect the time of glauconite formation, and anomalous ages that result from inherited argon or postcrystallization heating. The analyses indicate an age of 1686 +/- 6 Ma for the Pandikunta Limestone and 1566 +/- 6 Ma for the Ramgundam Sandstone, two units in the western belt of Proterozoic sequences in Pranhita-Godavari Valley. Glauconite from the Chanda Limestone, in the upper part of this sequence, contains inherited Ar-40 but is interpreted to reflect an age of ca. 1200 Ma. Glauconite from the Somanpalli Group in the eastern belt of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley gives an age of 1620 +/- 6 Ma. In the Chattisgarh basin, glauconite from two units gives disturbed ages that suggest a period of regional heating in the Chattisgarh basin at ca. 960-1000 Ma. These new ages indicate that these sequences are 200-400 m.y. older than previously recognized, which has important implications for geochemical studies of Mesoproterozoic ocean redox conditions in addition to providing important constraints on regional tectonics and lithostratigraphy. C1 [Conrad, James E.; Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chaudhuri, Asru K.; Mukhopadhyay, Joydip] Presidency Coll, Dept Geol, Kolkata 700073, India. [Patranabis-Deb, Sarbani] Indian Stat Inst, Geol Studies Unit, Kolkata 700108, India. [Deb, Gautam Kumar] Durgapur Govt Coll, Dept Geol, Durgapur 713214, India. [Beukes, Nicolas J.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Geol, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. RP Conrad, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jconrad@usgs.gov FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India [21[0578]/03/EMR-II]; Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [SR/S4/ES-210/2006]; National Research Foundation (NRF) in Pretoria; NRF FX Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, funded the research programs taken up by Chaudhuri and Patranabis-Deb on the stratigraphic evolution of Purana basins in India. Chaudhuri acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India, for a research grant (grant 21[0578]/03/EMR-II), and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for a grant (grant SR/S4/ES-210/2006). Mukhopadhyay prepared the samples during his visit to the University of Johannesburg sponsored by a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Foundation (NRF) in Pretoria, and funding was provided by an NRF research grant to Beukes. Careful reviews by E. H. McKee, A. T. Calvert, A. Basu, and an anonymous reviewer significantly improved the manuscript. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1130/B30083.1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699XL UT WOS:000285696100010 ER PT J AU Williams, KH Long, PE Davis, JA Wilkins, MJ N'Guessan, AL Steefel, CI Yang, L Newcomer, D Spane, FA Kerkhof, LJ McGuinness, L Dayvault, R Lovley, DR AF Williams, Kenneth H. Long, Philip E. Davis, James A. Wilkins, Michael J. N'Guessan, A. Lucie Steefel, Carl I. Yang, Li Newcomer, Darrell Spane, Frank A. Kerkhof, Lee J. McGuinness, Lora Dayvault, Richard Lovley, Derek R. TI Acetate Availability and its Influence on Sustainable Bioremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Groundwater SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE uranium; bioremediation; Geobacter; iron-reduction; sulfate-reduction ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; SUBMICROMOLAR LEVELS; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; AQUEOUS URANIUM(VI); ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB Field biostimulation experiments at the U. S. Department of Energy's Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site in Rifle, Colorado, have demonstrated that uranium concentrations in groundwater can be decreased to levels below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) drinking water standard (0.126 mu M). During successive summer experiments - referred to as "Winchester" (2007) and "Big Rusty" (2008) - acetate was added to the aquifer to stimulate the activity of indigenous dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria capable of reductively immobilizing uranium. The two experiments differed in the length of injection (31 vs. 110 days), the maximum concentration of acetate (5 vs. 30 mM), and the extent to which iron reduction ("Winchester") or sulfate reduction ("Big Rusty") was the predominant metabolic process. In both cases, rapid removal of U(VI) from groundwater occurred at calcium concentrations (6 mM) and carbonate alkalinities (8 meq/L) where Ca-UO2-CO3 ternary complexes constitute > 90% of uranyl species in groundwater. Complete consumption of acetate and increased alkalinity (> 30 meq/L) accompanying the onset of sulfate reduction corresponded to temporary increases in U(VI); however, by increasing acetate concentrations in excess of available sulfate (10 mM), low U(VI) concentrations (0.1-0.05 mu M) were achieved for extended periods of time (> 140 days). Uniform delivery of acetate during "Big Rusty" was impeded due to decreases in injection well permeability, likely resulting from biomass accumulation and carbonate and sulfide mineral precipitation. Such decreases were not observed during the short-duration "Winchester" experiment. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that Geobacter sp. and Geobacter-like strains dominated the groundwater community profile during iron reduction, with C-13 stable isotope probing (SIP) results confirming these strains were actively utilizing acetate to replicate their genome during the period of optimal U(VI) removal. Gene transcript levels during "Big Rusty" were quantified for Geobacter-specific citrate synthase (gltA), with ongoing transcription during sulfate reduction indicating that members of the Geobacteraceae were still active and likely contributing to U(VI) removal. The persistence of reducible Fe(III) in sediments recovered from an area of prolonged (110-day) sulfate reduction is consistent with this conclusion. These results indicate that acetate availability and its ability to sustain the activity of iron-and uranyl-respiring Geobacter strains during sulfate reduction exerts a primary control on optimized U(VI) removal from groundwater at the Rifle IFRC site over extended time scales (>50 days). C1 [Williams, Kenneth H.; Steefel, Carl I.; Yang, Li] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Philip E.; Wilkins, Michael J.; N'Guessan, A. Lucie; Newcomer, Darrell; Spane, Frank A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kerkhof, Lee J.; McGuinness, Lora] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Dayvault, Richard] SM Stoller Corp, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Williams, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khwilliams@lbl.gov RI YANG, LI/F-9392-2010; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Environmental Remediation Science; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area; U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FC02ER63446]; United States Department Of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Environmental Remediation Science Program through the Integrated Field Research Challenge Site (IFRC) at Rifle, Colorado, a multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary project whose objective is to gain a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the microbial factors and associated geochemistry controlling uranium mobility so that DOE can confidently remediate uranium plumes, as well as support stewardship of uranium-contaminated sites. Additional funding was provided as part of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science laboratories that solve complex problems in energy, national security and the environment and advance scientific frontiers in the chemical, biological, materials, environmental and computational sciences. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02ER63446. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the United States Department Of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. We thank Dave Traub, Paula Mouser, Hila Elifantz, Melissa Barlett, Marzia Miletto, Evan Arntzen, Tom Resch, Chris Anderson, and Peter and Ruben Jaffe for their assistance with the field experiments. We thank Sarah Morris for quantifying groundwater uranium concentrations. NR 67 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 7 U2 67 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 519 EP 539 DI 10.1080/01490451.2010.520074 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 837IR UT WOS:000296189400013 ER PT J AU Singha, K Li, L Day-Lewis, FD Regberg, AB AF Singha, Kamini Li, Li Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Regberg, Aaron B. TI Quantifying solute transport processes: Are chemically "conservative" tracers electrically conservative? SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-BOREHOLE RADAR; POROUS-MEDIA; ION-EXCHANGE; SHALY SANDS; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SURFACE-REACTIONS; TEMPORAL MOMENTS; CATION-EXCHANGE AB The concept of a nonreactive or conservative tracer, commonly invoked in investigations of solute transport, requires additional study in the context of electrical geophysical monitoring. Tracers that are commonly considered conservative may undergo reactive processes, such as ion exchange, thus changing the aqueous composition of the system. As a result, the measured electrical conductivity may reflect not only solute transport but also reactive processes. We have evaluated the impacts of ion exchange reactions, rate-limited mass transfer, and surface conduction on quantifying tracer mass, mean arrival time, and temporal variance in laboratory-scale column experiments. Numerical examples showed that (1) ion exchange can lead to resistivity-estimated tracer mass, velocity, and dispersivity that may be inaccurate; (2) mass transfer leads to an overestimate in the mobile tracer mass and an underestimate in velocity when using electrical methods; and (3) surface conductance does not notably affect estimated moments when high-concentration tracers are used, although this phenomenon may be important at low concentrations or in sediments with high and/or spatially variable cation-exchange capacity. In all cases, colocated groundwater concentration measurements are of high importance for interpreting geophysical data with respect to the controlling transport processes of interest. C1 [Singha, Kamini; Regberg, Aaron B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Singha, Kamini] Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA USA. [Li, Li] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Min Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. RP Singha, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ksingha@psu.edu; lili@eme.psu.edu; daylewis@usgs.gov; aregberg@psu.edu RI Li, Li/A-6077-2008; OI Li, Li/0000-0002-1641-3710; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0747629]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64520, DE-SC0001773]; U. S. Geological Survey FX We thank Ty Ferre and two anonymous reviewers for thorough review comments on this manuscript, and we thank Rory Henderson and Jay Nolan for internal reviews of a draft manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Grant EAR-0747629, Department of Energy Grants DE-FG02-08ER64520 and DE-SC0001773, and the U. S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP F53 EP F63 DI 10.1190/1.3511356 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 711VW UT WOS:000286620500012 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM Stoll, DK Dolan, AM Lunt, DJ Otto-Bliesner, B Chandler, MA AF Haywood, A. M. Dowsett, H. J. Robinson, M. M. Stoll, D. K. Dolan, A. M. Lunt, D. J. Otto-Bliesner, B. Chandler, M. A. TI Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 2) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PMIP2 COUPLED SIMULATIONS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MIDHOLOCENE AB The Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project has expanded to include a model intercomparison for the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.29 to 2.97 million yr ago). This project is referred to as PlioMIP (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project). Two experiments have been agreed upon and together compose the initial phase of PlioMIP. The first (Experiment 1) is being performed with atmosphere-only climate models. The second (Experiment 2) utilises fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Following on from the publication of the experimental design and boundary conditions for Experiment 1 in Geoscientific Model Development, this paper provides the necessary description of differences and/or additions to the experimental design for Experiment 2. C1 [Haywood, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, H. J.; Robinson, M. M.; Stoll, D. K.; Dolan, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lunt, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Otto-Bliesner, B.] CGD NCAR, CCR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chandler, M. A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Chandler, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM earamh@leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Dolan, Aisling/D-2625-2012 OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; FU USGS Office of Global Change; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G009112/1]; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council (ERC) [StG 278636] FX This work is a product of the US Geological Survey PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) Project and the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), which is part of the international Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). HD and MR thank the USGS Office of Global Change for their support. AH and DL acknowledge the UK Natural Environment Research Council for funding the UK contribution to PlioMIP (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). AH acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for their support through the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize as well as the European Research Council for the provision of a Starting Grant (ERC StG 278636: Plio-ESS). NR 18 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-571-2011 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 826UD UT WOS:000295379500002 ER PT J AU Giri, C Ochieng, E Tieszen, LL Zhu, Z Singh, A Loveland, T Masek, J Duke, N AF Giri, C. Ochieng, E. Tieszen, L. L. Zhu, Z. Singh, A. Loveland, T. Masek, J. Duke, N. TI Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Global distributions; image processing; Landsat; mangrove; mapping; remote sensing ID LAND-COVER AB Aim Our scientific understanding of the extent and distribution of mangrove forests of the world is inadequate. The available global mangrove databases, compiled using disparate geospatial data sources and national statistics, need to be improved. Here, we mapped the status and distributions of global mangroves using recently available Global Land Survey (GLS) data and the Landsat archive. Methods We interpreted approximately 1000 Landsat scenes using hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. Each image was normalized for variation in solar angle and earth-sun distance by converting the digital number values to the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance. Ground truth data and existing maps and databases were used to select training samples and also for iterative labelling. Results were validated using existing GIS data and the published literature to map 'true mangroves'. Results The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was 137,760 km2 in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Approximately 75% of world's mangroves are found in just 15 countries, and only 6.9% are protected under the existing protected areas network (IUCN I-IV). Our study confirms earlier findings that the biogeographic distribution of mangroves is generally confined to the tropical and subtropical regions and the largest percentage of mangroves is found between 5 degrees N and 5 degrees S latitude. Main conclusions We report that the remaining area of mangrove forest in the world is less than previously thought. Our estimate is 12.3% smaller than the most recent estimate by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. We present the most comprehensive, globally consistent and highest resolution (30 m) global mangrove database ever created. We developed and used better mapping techniques and data sources and mapped mangroves with better spatial and thematic details than previous studies. C1 [Giri, C.] US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ochieng, E.] United Nations Environm Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Zhu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Singh, A.] United Nations Environm Programme, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Masek, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Duke, N.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Marine Bot Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Giri, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM cgiri@usgs.gov RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Duke, Norman/K-5729-2013 OI Duke, Norman/0000-0003-2081-9120 FU USGS; NASA FX This work was supported by USGS Director's Venture Capital Fund and the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Program. We would also like to thank the following student interns and visiting scientists who helped to analyse Landsat data: Andrew Bland, Jordan Long, Bibek Bhattarai, Supriti Shrestha, Sneha Poddar, Bruce Pengra, Tejaswi Giri, Sapna Battish, Smita Shrivastav, Joseph Muhlhausen, Asha Singh and Krishna Bhattarai. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 300 Z9 326 U1 31 U2 215 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x PG 6 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 691VP UT WOS:000285109200013 ER PT S AU O'Reilly, AM Wanielista, MP Loftin, KA Chang, NB AF O'Reilly, Andrew M. Wanielista, Martin P. Loftin, Keith A. Chang, Ni-Bin BE Schirmer, M Hoehn, E Vogt, T TI Laboratory simulated transport of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin in groundwater under the influence of stormwater ponds: implications for harvesting of infiltrated stormwater SO GQ10: GROUNDWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Groundwater Quality Conference CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Eawag, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Off Env, STS Sensors Ltd, AF Colenco Ltd, NAGRA, Swiss Cooperative Disposal Radioactive Waste, Intera Inc, CHGeol, Swiss Assoc Geol, Simultec AG, Roche, Innovat Messtechnik Weiss, Bachema AG, SVGW, Swiss Assoc Gas & Water, Solexperts Ltd, Stump Foratec Ltd, Malcolm Pirnie HO Eawag DE cyanotoxin; natural attenuation; ELISA; stormwater management; water harvesting AB Water shortages in the southeastern United States have led to a need for more intensive management and usage of stormwater for beneficial uses such as irrigation. Harvesting of infiltrated stormwater from horizontal wells in sandy aquifer sediments beneath stormwater ponds has emerged as an alternative in need of evaluation. Cyanobacteria may proliferate in stormwater ponds; cyanotoxins produced by these organisms represent potential public health concerns. Results of two, saturated flow, sand column experiments indicate breakthrough of microcystin-LR (MCLR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYL) within 1-2 pore volumes indicating little removal attributable to sorption. Concentration-based MCLR removal efficiencies up to 90% were achieved, which we hypothesize were predominantly due to biodegradation. In contrast, CYL removal efficiencies were generally less than 15%. On the basis of these results, removal of sandy soil in the stormwater pond bottom and addition of sorption media with greater binding affinities to cyanotoxins may enhance natural attenuation processes prior to water withdrawal. C1 [O'Reilly, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP O'Reilly, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM aoreilly@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-16-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2011 VL 342 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BYC83 UT WOS:000298021100024 ER PT S AU Bekins, B Baedecker, MJ Eganhouse, RP Herkelrath, WN AF Bekins, Barbara Baedecker, Mary Jo Eganhouse, Robert P. Herkelrath, William N. BE Schirmer, M Hoehn, E Vogt, T TI Long-term natural attenuation of crude oil in the subsurface SO GQ10: GROUNDWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Groundwater Quality Conference CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Eawag, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Off Env, STS Sensors Ltd, AF Colenco Ltd, NAGRA, Swiss Cooperative Disposal Radioactive Waste, Intera Inc, CHGeol, Swiss Assoc Geol, Simultec AG, Roche, Innovat Messtechnik Weiss, Bachema AG, SVGW, Swiss Assoc Gas & Water, Solexperts Ltd, Stump Foratec Ltd, Malcolm Pirnie HO Eawag DE petroleum; benzene; methanogenic; biodegradation ID SPILL SITE; AQUIFER AB The time frame for natural attenuation of crude oil contamination in the subsurface has been studied for the last 27 years at a spill site located near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. Data from the groundwater contaminant plume show that dissolved benzene concentrations adjacent to the oil decreased by 50% between 1993 and 2007. To assess how this decrease is related to benzene concentrations in the crude oil, samples of oil were bailed from floating oil in five wells and analysed for volatile components. Compared to reference oil collected from the pipeline in 1984, benzene concentrations in the well located farthest downgradient in the oil have decreased an average of 50%. Benzene and ethylbenzene depletion are linearly correlated with oil saturation in the pore space suggesting that dissolution is the primary removal mechanism and biodegradation within the oil body is insignificant. C1 [Bekins, Barbara; Herkelrath, William N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bekins, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM babekins@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-16-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2011 VL 342 BP 123 EP 127 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BYC83 UT WOS:000298021100027 ER PT S AU O'Reilly, AM Chang, NB Wanielista, MP Xuan, ZM AF O'Reilly, Andrew M. Chang, Ni-Bin Wanielista, Martin P. Xuan, Zhemin BE Schirmer, M Hoehn, E Vogt, T TI Identifying biogeochemical processes beneath stormwater infiltration ponds in support of a new best management practice for groundwater protection SO GQ10: GROUNDWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Groundwater Quality Conference CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Eawag, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Off Env, STS Sensors Ltd, AF Colenco Ltd, NAGRA, Swiss Cooperative Disposal Radioactive Waste, Intera Inc, CHGeol, Swiss Assoc Geol, Simultec AG, Roche, Innovat Messtechnik Weiss, Bachema AG, SVGW, Swiss Assoc Gas & Water, Solexperts Ltd, Stump Foratec Ltd, Malcolm Pirnie HO Eawag DE biogeochemistry; natural attenuation; groundwater protection; stormwater infiltration; best management practice AB When applying a stormwater infiltration pond best management practice (BMP) for protecting the quality of underlying groundwater, a common constituent of concern is nitrate. Two stormwater infiltration ponds, the SO and HT ponds, in central Florida, USA, were monitored. A temporal succession of biogeochemical processes was identified beneath the SO pond, including oxygen reduction, denitrification, manganese and iron reduction, and methanogenesis. In contrast, aerobic conditions persisted beneath the HT pond, resulting in nitrate leaching into groundwater. Biogeochemical differences are likely related to soil textural and hydraulic properties that control surface/subsurface oxygen exchange. A new infiltration BMP was developed and a full-scale application was implemented for the HT pond. Preliminary results indicate reductions in nitrate concentration exceeding 50% in soil water and shallow groundwater beneath the HT pond. C1 [O'Reilly, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP O'Reilly, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM aoreilly@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-16-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2011 VL 342 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BYC83 UT WOS:000298021100100 ER PT B AU Knick, ST Connelly, JW AF Knick, Steven T. Connelly, John W. BE Knick, ST Connelly, JW TI GREATER SAGE-GROUSE Ecology and Conservation of a Landscape Species and Its Habitats PREFACE SO GREATER SAGE-GROUSE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF A LANDSCAPE SPECIES AND ITS HABITATS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS POPULATIONS; CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO-UROGALLUS; CHEATGRASS BROMUS-TECTORUM; LAGOPUS-LAGOPUS-SCOTICUS; CULEX-TARSALIS DIPTERA C1 [Knick, Steven T.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Connelly, John W.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM steve_knick@usgs.gov; jcsagegrouse@aol.com NR 1665 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-94868-6; 978-0-520-26711-4 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 38 BP XI EP + D2 10.1525/california/9780520267114.001.0001 PG 62 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BXE42 UT WOS:000295869900001 ER PT J AU Pyke, DA AF Pyke, David A. BE Knick, ST Connelly, JW TI Restoring and Rehabilitating Sagebrush Habitats SO GREATER SAGE-GROUSE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF A LANDSCAPE SPECIES AND ITS HABITATS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Artemisia; Centrocercus urophasianus; Greater Sage-Grouse; habitat restoration; landscape triage; restoration guidelines; sagebrush grassland AB Less than half of the original habitat of the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) currently exists. Some has been permanently lost to farms and urban areas, but the remaining varies in condition from high quality to no longer adequate. Restoration of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) grassland ecosystems may be possible for resilient lands. However, Greater Sage-Grouse require a wide variety of habitats over large areas to complete their life cycle. Effective restoration will require a regional approach for prioritizing and identifying appropriate options across the landscape. A landscape triage method is recommended for prioritizing lands for restoration. Spatial models can indicate where to protect and connect intact quality habitat with other similar habitat via restoration. The ecological site concept of land classification is recommended for characterizing potential habitat across the region along with their accompanying state and transition models of plant community dynamics. These models assist in identifying if passive, management-based or active, vegetation manipulation-based restoration might accomplish the goals of improved Greater Sage-Grouse habitat. A series of guidelines help formulate questions that managers might consider when developing restoration plans: (1) site prioritization through a landscape triage; (2) soil verification and the implications of soil features on plant establishment success; (3) a comparison of the existing plant community to the potential for the site using ecological site descriptions; (4) a determination of the current successional status of the site using state and transition models to aid in predicting if passive or active restoration is necessary; and (5) implementation of post-treatment monitoring to evaluate restoration effectiveness and post-treatment management implications to restoration success. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_pyke@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94868-6 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 38 BP 531 EP 548 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BXE42 UT WOS:000295869900026 ER PT J AU Johnson, TB Mckay, LD Layton, AC Jones, SW Johnson, GC Cashdollar, JL Dahling, DR Villegas, LF Fout, GS Williams, DE Sayler, G AF Johnson, Trisha B. McKay, Larry D. Layton, Alice C. Jones, Sidney W. Johnson, Greg C. Cashdollar, Jennifer L. Dahling, Daniel R. Villegas, Leah F. Fout, G. Shay Williams, Daniel E. Sayler, Gary TI Viruses and Bacteria in Karst and Fractured Rock Aquifers in East Tennessee, USA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; CELL-CULTURE; GROUNDWATER; WATER; POLLUTION AB A survey of enteric viruses and indicator bacteria was carried out in eight community water supply sources (four wells and four springs) in East Tennessee. Seven sites derived their water from carbonate aquifers and one from fractured sandstone. Four of the sites were deemed "low-risk" based on prior monitoring of fecal indicators and factors such as presence of thick layers of overlying sediments. The remaining sites were deemed "high-risk." Enteric viruses (enterovirus and reovirus) were detected by cell culture at least once in seven of the eight wells or springs including all but one of the four low-risk sites. Viral RNA, however, was not detected in any of the samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Conventional indicators of microbial contamination (Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria) were detected together with culturable viruses in seven of nine virus positive samples. Bacteroides, an alternative fecal indicator which has not previously been used in groundwater investigations, was also detected in all but one of the samples containing E. coli or total coliform bacteria, as well as in one sample where viruses were present in the absence of other bacterial indicators. The study highlights some of the challenges involved in surveys of virus occurrence and indicates that culturable enteric viruses in East Tennessee karst aquifers may be more widespread than previously observed in studies of karst aquifers in Pennsylvania (8%), the Ozark region of Missouri (< 1%), or several other states covered in a national microbial water quality survey conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (43%). C1 [McKay, Larry D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Johnson, Trisha B.] Clancy Environm Consultants Inc, St Albans, VT 05478 USA. [McKay, Larry D.; Layton, Alice C.; Williams, Daniel E.; Sayler, Gary] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jones, Sidney W.] Tennessee Dept Environm & Conservat, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Cashdollar, Jennifer L.; Dahling, Daniel R.; Villegas, Leah F.; Fout, G. Shay] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. [Johnson, Greg C.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. RP Johnson, TB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lmckay@utk.edu FU Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC); University of Tennessee Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment FX The authors would like to thank: Gretchen Sullivan at EPA-NERL in Cincinnati, Ohio, for her invaluable help in the laboratory; the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) for project funding and data; and the participating water utilities for providing data and access to sites. Additional funding for T. Johnson at the end of the project was provided by the University of Tennessee Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 98 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00698.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 700NW UT WOS:000285751700011 PM 20331750 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JF AF Fairchild, J. F. BE Kortekamp, A TI Structural and Functional Effects of Herbicides on Non-Target Organisms in Aquatic Ecosystems with an Emphasis on Atrazine SO HERBICIDES AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; COMPARATIVE SENSITIVITY; EXPERIMENTAL PONDS; SURFACE WATERS; PESTICIDES; COMPLEXITY; METRIBUZIN; MESOCOSMS; BLUEGILLS; RESPONSES C1 [Fairchild, J. F.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-476-4 PY 2011 BP 383 EP 404 D2 10.5772/550 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BF0JG UT WOS:000378913300019 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, N Kuniansky, EL AF Sepulveda, Nicasio Kuniansky, Eve L. BE Elango, L TI Effects of Model Layer Simplification Using Composite Hydraulic Properties SO HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY - ISSUES, DETERMINATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLOW; TRANSMISSIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; AQUIFERS C1 [Sepulveda, Nicasio; Kuniansky, Eve L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sepulveda, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-288-3 PY 2011 BP 357 EP 376 D2 10.5772/744 PG 20 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BD8AL UT WOS:000363726500019 ER PT J AU Perkins, KS AF Perkins, Kim S. BE Elango, L TI Measurement and Modeling of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity SO HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY - ISSUES, DETERMINATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BULK-DENSITY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; FIELD; EQUATION; DATABASE; DRYNESS; CURVES C1 [Perkins, Kim S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Perkins, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-288-3 PY 2011 BP 419 EP 434 D2 10.5772/744 PG 16 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BD8AL UT WOS:000363726500022 ER PT J AU Linde, N Doetsch, J Jougnot, D Genoni, O Durst, Y Minsley, BJ Vogt, T Pasquale, N Luster, J AF Linde, N. Doetsch, J. Jougnot, D. Genoni, O. Duerst, Y. Minsley, B. J. Vogt, T. Pasquale, N. Luster, J. TI Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WAVELET ANALYSIS; GEOPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS; LOSING STREAM; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSFORM; MEDIA; SOILS; SAND AB Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes. C1 [Linde, N.; Jougnot, D.] Univ Lausanne, Inst Geophys, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Doetsch, J.; Duerst, Y.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Genoni, O.] Geothermal Explorers Int Ltd, Pratteln, Switzerland. [Minsley, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Vogt, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Pasquale, N.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland. [Luster, J.] WSL, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Linde, N (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Inst Geophys, Lausanne, Switzerland. EM niklas.linde@unil.ch RI Linde, Niklas/A-9440-2008; Jougnot, Damien/D-9186-2011; Doetsch, Joseph/A-9438-2008; OI Linde, Niklas/0000-0003-1613-353X; Jougnot, Damien/0000-0003-4950-5766; Doetsch, Joseph/0000-0002-2927-9557; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU ETH's Competence Center for Environment and Sustainability (CCES) FX We thank our collaborators within the RECORD project for their contributions, especially Paolo Perona who provided the meteorological data. We are thankful to Eric Delcher and Anthony Finizola for providing advice about SP monitoring systems and to Frederick Day-Lewis for suggesting and pointing out pertinent wavelet literature. We would like to thank Christopher Torrence, Gilbert P. Compo, and Aslak Grinsted for making their wavelet software packages available. Reviews of Andre Revil, Lyndsay Ball, Paul Bedrosian, and an anonymous reviewer contained many useful suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by ETH's Competence Center for Environment and Sustainability (CCES). NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 3 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.5194/hess-15-729-2011 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 743BL UT WOS:000288990400005 ER PT J AU Hayes, AG Aharonson, O Lunine, JI Kirk, RL Zebker, HA Wye, LC Lorenz, RD Turtle, EP Paillou, P Mitri, G Wall, SD Stofan, ER Mitchell, KL Elachi, C AF Hayes, A. G. Aharonson, O. Lunine, J. I. Kirk, R. L. Zebker, H. A. Wye, L. C. Lorenz, R. D. Turtle, E. P. Paillou, P. Mitri, G. Wall, S. D. Stofan, E. R. Mitchell, K. L. Elachi, C. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Transient surface liquid in Titan's polar regions from Cassini SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Saturn, Satellites; Radar observations; Infrared observations ID HYDROCARBON LAKES; RADAR; MOON; SCATTERING; WAVELENGTH; SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; SHAPE; LAWS AB Cassini RADAR images of Titan's south polar region acquired during southern summer contain lake features which disappear between observations. These features show a tenfold increases in backscatter cross-section between images acquired one year apart, which is inconsistent with common scattering models without invoking temporal variability. The morphologic boundaries are transient, further supporting changes in lake level. These observations are consistent with the exposure of diffusely scattering lakebeds that were previously hidden by an attenuating liquid medium. We use a two-layer model to explain backscatter variations and estimate a drop in liquid depth of approximately 1-m-per-year. On larger scales, we observe shoreline recession between ISS and RADAR images of Ontario Lacus, the largest lake in Titan's south polar region. The recession, occurring between June 2005 and July 2009, is inversely proportional to slopes estimated from altimetric profiles and the exponential decay of near-shore backscatter, consistent with a uniform reduction of 4 +/- 1.3 m in lake depth. Of the potential explanations for observed surface changes, we favor evaporation and infiltration. The disappearance of dark features and the recession of Ontario's shoreline represents volatile transport in an active methane-based hydrologic cycle. Observed loss rates are compared and shown to be consistent with available global circulation models. To date, no unambiguous changes in lake level have been observed between repeat images in the north polar region, although further investigation is warranted. These observations constrain volatile flux rates in Titan's hydrologic system and demonstrate that the surface plays an active role in its evolution. Constraining these seasonal changes represents the first step toward our understanding of longer climate cycles that may determine liquid distribution on Titan over orbital time periods. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hayes, A. G.; Aharonson, O.; Mitri, G.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.; Turtle, E. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Zebker, H. A.; Wye, L. C.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paillou, P.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR5084, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Floirac, France. [Wall, S. D.; Mitchell, K. L.; Elachi, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stofan, E. R.] Proxemy Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20882 USA. RP Hayes, AG (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hayes@gps.caltech.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU Cassini Project; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jakob Van Zyl of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for helpful discussions, and the Cassini Engineering Team, without whom the data presented here would not have existed. This work was supported by the Cassini Project, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as by NASA's Graduate Student Researchers Program. NR 71 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 655 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.017 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600049 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Turtle, EP Stiles, B Le Gall, A Hayes, A Aharonson, O Wood, CA Stofan, E Kirk, R AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Turtle, Elizabeth P. Stiles, Bryan Le Gall, Alice Hayes, Alexander Aharonson, Oded Wood, Charles A. Stofan, Ellen Kirk, Randy TI Hypsometry of Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Geological processes; Geophysics ID CASSINI RADAR; TOPOGRAPHY; ELEVATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; SLOPES; SHAPE; MARS; ALTIMETER; VENUS AB Cassini RADAR topography data are used to evaluate Titan's hypsometric profile, and to make comparisons with other planetary bodies. Titan's hypsogram is unimodal and strikingly narrow compared with the terrestrial planets. To investigate topographic extremes, a novel variant on the classic hypsogram is introduced, with a logarithmic abscissa to highlight mountainous terrain. In such a plot, the top of the terrestrial hypsogram is quite distinct from those of Mars and Venus due to the 'glacial buzz-saw' that clips terrestrial topography above the snowline. In contrast to the positive skew seen in other hypsograms, with a long tail of positive relief due to mountains, there is an indication (weak, given the limited data for Titan so far) that the Titan hypsogram appears slightly negatively skewed, suggesting a significant population of unfilled depressions. Limited data permit only a simplistic comparison of Titan topography with other icy satellites but we find that the standard deviation of terrain height (albeit at different scales) is similar to those of Ganymede and Europa. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Stiles, Bryan; Le Gall, Alice] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hayes, Alexander; Aharonson, Oded] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wood, Charles A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, VA USA. [Stofan, Ellen] USA Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Kirk, Randy] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU NASA; European Space Agency (ESA); Italian Space Agency (ASI) FX This work was supported by the Cassini-Huygens mission, which is a joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and is managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. We are grateful for the cogent criticism of two anonymous referees which improved the paper. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.002 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600052 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Soderblom, JM Brown, RH Soderblom, LA Stephan, K Jaumann, R Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Sotin, C Buratti, BJ Baines, KH Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Barnes, Jason W. Soderblom, Jason M. Brown, Robert H. Soderblom, Laurence A. Stephan, Katrin Jaumann, Ralf Le Mouelic, Stephane Rodriguez, Sebastien Sotin, Christophe Buratti, Bonnie J. Baines, Kevin H. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. TI Wave constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS specular reflection lightcurves SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Photometry; Satellites, surfaces ID NEAR-SURFACE WIND; HUYGENS PROBE; ATMOSPHERE; PLANETS; OCEANS; CLOUDS; GLINT AB Stephan et al. (Stephan, K. et al. [2010]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, 7104-+.) first saw the glint of sunlight specularly reflected off of Titan's lakes. We develop a quantitative model for analyzing the photometric lightcurve generated during a flyby in which the specularly reflected light flux depends on the fraction of the solar specular footprint that is covered by liquid. We allow for surface waves that spread out the geographic specular intensity distribution. Applying the model to the VIMS 158 observations shows that the waves on Jingpo Lacus must have slopes of no greater than 0.15 degrees, two orders of magnitude flatter than waves on Earth's oceans. Combining the model with theoretical estimates of the intensity of the specular reflection allows a tighter constraint on the waves: <= 0.05 degrees. Residual specular signal while the specular point lies on land implies that either the land is wetted, the wave slope distribution is non-Gaussian, or that 5% of the land off the southwest edge of Jingpo Lacus is covered in puddles. Another specular sequence off of Kraken Mare acquired during Cassini's 159 flyby shows rapid flux changes that the static model cannot reproduce. Points just 1 min apart vary in flux by more than a factor of two. The present dataset does not uniquely determine the mechanism causing these rapid changes. We suggest that changing wind conditions, kilometer-wavelength waves, or moving clouds could account for the variability. Future specular observations should be designed with a fast cadence, at least 6 points per minute, in order to differentiate between these hypotheses. Such new data will further constrain the nature of Titan's lakes and their interactions with Titan's atmosphere. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44035 Nantes, France. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Ctr Orme M Erisiers, Lab AIM, Ctr Etud Saclay, DAPNIA Sap, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jwbarnes@uidaho.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407; Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 FU NASA/ESA FX The authors acknowledge support from the NASA/ESA Cassini project. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 722 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600054 ER PT S AU Newell, WL Dejong, BD AF Newell, W. L. Dejong, B. D. BE Martini, IP French, HM Alberti, AP TI Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA SO ICE-MARGINAL AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BARRENS LATITUDE 39-DEGREES-N; LATE-PLEISTOCENE PERMAFROST; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; UNITED-STATES; PINE-BARRENS; MORPHOLOGY; TERRACES; MARYLAND; RIVER AB The effects of Pleistocene cold-climate geomorphology are distributed across the weathered and eroded Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain uplands from the Wisconsinan terminal moraine south to Tidewater Virginia. Cold-climate deposits and landscape modifications are super-imposed on antecedent landscapes of old, weathered Neogene upland gravels and Pleistocene marine terraces that had been built during warm periods and sea-level highstands. In New Jersey, sequences of surficial deposits define a long history of repeating climate change events. To the south across the Delmarva Peninsula and southern Maryland, most antecedent topography has been obscured by Late Pleistocene surficial deposits. These are spatially variable and are collectively described as a cold-climate alloformation. The cold-climate alloformation includes time-transgressive details of climate deterioration from at least marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 through the end of MIS 2. Some deposits and landforms within the alloformation may be as young as the Younger Dryas. Southwards along the trend of the Potomac River, these deposits and their climatic affinities become diffused. In Virginia, a continuum of erosion and surficial deposits appears to be the product of 'normal' temperate, climate-forced processes. The cold-climate alloformation and more temperate deposits in Virginia are being partly covered by Holocene alluvium and bay mud. C1 [Newell, W. L.; Dejong, B. D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Newell, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wnewell@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-327-1 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2011 VL 354 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1144/SP354.17 D2 10.1144/SP354.0 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA BFY11 UT WOS:000321868800017 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ding, XL Lu, Z AF Zhang, Lei Ding, Xiaoli Lu, Zhong TI Modeling PSInSAR Time Series Without Phase Unwrapping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR); least squares; phase ambiguity; phase unwrapping; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; GROUND DEFORMATION; INTERFEROMETRY; INSAR; RESOLUTION AB In this paper, we propose a least-squares-based method for multitemporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry that allows one to estimate deformations without the need of phase unwrapping. The method utilizes a series of multimaster wrapped differential interferograms with short baselines and focuses on arcs at which there are no phase ambiguities. An outlier detector is used to identify and remove the arcs with phase ambiguities, and a pseudoinverse of the variance-covariance matrix is used as the weight matrix of the correlated observations. The deformation rates at coherent points are estimated with a least squares model constrained by reference points. The proposed approach is verified with a set of simulated data. C1 [Zhang, Lei] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat LSGI, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Ding, Xiaoli] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat LSGI, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM l.zhang@polyu.edu.hk; lsxlding@polyu.edu.hk; lu@usgs.gov RI Ding, Xiaoli/K-4596-2013; Zhang, Lei/A-1412-2014 OI Ding, Xiaoli/0000-0002-5733-3629; Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-8152-2470 FU Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [PolyU 5155/07E]; Faculty of Construction and Land Use of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; NASA [2005-0021]; U.S. Geological Survey; Hong Kong Polytechnic University FX This work was supported in part by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under Project PolyU 5155/07E, by the Faculty of Construction and Land Use of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University under the Sustainable Urbanization Research Fund, by the NASA's Earth Surface and Interiors Program 2005-0021, and by the U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing and Volcano Hazards Programs. The work of L. Zhang was supported by a Ph.D. studentship offered by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625 PN 2 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701TA UT WOS:000285845100021 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ji, L Wylie, BK AF Zhang, Li Ji, Lei Wylie, Bruce K. TI Response of spectral vegetation indices to soil moisture in grasslands and shrublands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT ESTIMATION; NDVI RESPONSE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SEMIARID BOTSWANA; GREAT-PLAINS; STRESS INDEX; MODIS; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; DROUGHT AB The relationships between satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs) and soil moisture are complicated because of the time lag of the vegetation response to soil moisture. In this study, we used a distributed lag regression model to evaluate the lag responses of VIs to soil moisture for grasslands and shrublands at Soil Climate Analysis Network sites in the central and western United States. We examined the relationships between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived VIs and soil moisture measurements. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) showed significant lag responses to soil moisture. The lag length varies from 8 to 56 days for NDVI and from 16 to 56 days for NDWI. However, the lag response of NDVI and NDWI to soil moisture varied among the sites. Our study suggests that the lag effect needs to be taken into consideration when the VIs are used to estimate soil moisture. C1 [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuang S Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM lizhang@ceode.ac.cn RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Programme; Land Remote Sensing Programme; Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Programme; National Basic Research Program of China (973) [2009CB723906] FX The study was supported by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics, Land Remote Sensing, and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Programmes and the National Basic Research Program of China (973) under Grant No. 2009CB723906. The authors would like to thank Norman Bliss, Eugene Fosnight and the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions for revising and improving the article. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 18 BP 5267 EP 5286 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.496471 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866GP UT WOS:000298368800014 ER PT J AU Senay, GB Verdin, JP Rowland, J AF Senay, Gabriel B. Verdin, James P. Rowland, James TI Developing an operational rangeland water requirement satisfaction index SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Developing an operational water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) for rangeland monitoring is an important goal of the famine early warning systems network. An operational WRSI has been developed for crop monitoring, but until recently a comparable WRSI for rangeland was not successful because of the extremely poor performance of the index when based on published crop coefficients (K-c) for rangelands. To improve the rangeland WRSI, we developed a simple calibration technique that adjusts the K-c values for rangeland monitoring using long-term rainfall distribution and reference evapotranspiration data. The premise for adjusting the K-c values is based on the assumption that a viable rangeland should exhibit above-average WRSI (values >80%) during a normal year. The normal year was represented by a median dekadal rainfall distribution (satellite rainfall estimate from 1996 to 2006). Similarly, a long-term average for potential evapotranspiration was used as input to the famine early warning systems network WRSI model in combination with soil-water-holding capacity data. A dekadal rangeland WRSI has been operational for east and west Africa since 2005. User feedback has been encouraging, especially with regard to the end-of-season WRSI anomaly products that compare the index's performance to 'normal' years. Currently, rangeland WRSI products are generated on a dekadal basis and posted for free distribution on the US Geological Survey early warning website at http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds/ C1 [Senay, Gabriel B.; Verdin, James P.; Rowland, James] US Geol Survey, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM senay@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 21 BP 6047 EP 6053 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.516028 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866HI UT WOS:000298370800007 ER PT J AU Van Manen, SM Blake, S Dehn, J AF Van Manen, Saskia M. Blake, Stephen Dehn, Jonathan TI A near real-time dual-band-spatial approach to determine the source of increased radiance from closely spaced active volcanoes in coarse resolution satellite data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO; KAMCHATKA; ERUPTION; KLIUCHEVSKOI; RUSSIA; AVHRR AB Bezymianny and Kliuchevskoi volcanoes (Kamchatka) present a danger as both inject ash into North Pacific air routes. Current automated monitoring algorithms do not distinguish them in real time due to their mutual proximity (10 km) and poor geolocation accuracy of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Contrasting mid-and thermal infrared volcanic radiances are influenced by (1) differences in temperature and eruptive style of Bezymianny's andesite and Kliuchevskoi's basalt and (2) different temperatures of the non-volcanic portion of pixels located over their summits, due to different elevations. Data from 571 AVHRR images show the latter is more significant. Discriminant function analysis using summit and regional band 4 pixel-integrated radiant temperatures (pirT) correctly identifies the source volcano of a thermal anomaly in 89% of cases. Weather permitting, a spatial component can be added, leading to improved accuracy. The approach used here can also be applied at other closely spaced volcanoes with substantially different summit elevations. C1 [Van Manen, Saskia M.; Blake, Stephen] Open Univ, Volcano Dynam Grp, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Dehn, Jonathan] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Van Manen, SM (reprint author), Open Univ, Volcano Dynam Grp, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM s.m.van-manen@open.ac.uk RI van Manen, Saskia/D-7300-2012 FU Royal Geographical Society; Earth and Space Foundation FX Travel to AVO for Saskia M. Van Manen was provided by the Dudley Stamp Fund of the Royal Geographical Society and the Earth and Space Foundation. Thanks to Lovro Valcic for providing the cloud cover data and D. A. Rothery for providing feedback on the manuscript. We would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer for constructive feedback on the manuscript. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 21 BP 6055 EP 6069 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.498452 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866HI UT WOS:000298370800008 ER PT J AU Ji, L Zhang, L Wylie, BK Rover, J AF Ji, Lei Zhang, Li Wylie, Bruce K. Rover, Jennifer TI On the terminology of the spectral vegetation index (NIR - SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; LIVE FUEL MOISTURE; LANDSAT TM; SPOT-VEGETATION; BOREAL FOREST; MODIS DATA; CANOPY; REFLECTANCE; IMAGERY; NDWI AB The spectral vegetation index (rho(NIR) - rho(SWIR))/(rho(NIR) + rho(SWIR)), where rho(NIR) and rho(SWIR) are the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) reflectances, respectively, has been widely used to indicate vegetation moisture condition. This index has multiple names in the literature, including infrared index (II), normalized difference infrared index (NDII), normalized difference water index (NDWI), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), land surface water index (LSWI) and normalized burn ratio (NBR). After reviewing each term's definition, associated sensors and channel specifications, we found that the index consists of three variants, differing only in the SWIR region (1.2-1.3, 1.55-1.75 or 2.05-2.45 mu m). Thus, three terms are sufficient to represent these three SWIR variants; other names are redundant and therefore unnecessary. Considering the spectral representativeness, the term's popularity and the 'rule of priority' in scientific nomenclature, NDWI, NDII and NBR, each corresponding to the three SWIR regions, are more preferable terms. C1 [Ji, Lei] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ji, Lei; Wylie, Bruce K.; Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Ji, L (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB723906]; US Geological Survey [G08PC91508]; K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong FX This study was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2009CB723906 and the US Geological Survey Climate Effects Network and Global Change Research & Development Programs and the K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong. The work by Lei Ji was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. We thank James Vogelmann and Michael Budde for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable comments. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 21 BP 6901 EP 6909 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.510811 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866HI UT WOS:000298370800052 ER PT J AU Chen, XX Vogelmann, JE Rollins, M Ohlen, D Key, CH Yang, LM Huang, CQ Shi, H AF Chen, Xuexia Vogelmann, James E. Rollins, Matthew Ohlen, Donald Key, Carl H. Yang, Limin Huang, Chengquan Shi, Hua TI Detecting post-fire burn severity and vegetation recovery using multitemporal remote sensing spectral indices and field-collected composite burn index data in a ponderosa pine forest SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FIRE SEVERITY; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BLACK-HILLS; LANDSAT; REGENERATION; IMAGERY; CARBON; MODIS; ETM+; TM AB It is challenging to detect burn severity and vegetation recovery because of the relatively long time period required to capture the ecosystem characteristics. Multitemporal remote sensing data can provide multitemporal observations before, during and after a wildfire, and can improve the change detection accuracy. The goal of this study is to examine the correlations between multitemporal spectral indices and field-observed burn severity, and to provide a practical method to estimate burn severity and vegetation recovery. The study site is the Jasper Fire area in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota, that burned during August and September 2000. Six multitemporal Landsat images acquired from 2000 (pre-fire), 2001 (post-fire), 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2007 were used to assess burn severity. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), normalized burn ratio (NBR), integrated forest index (IFI) and the differences of these indices between the pre-fire and post-fire years were computed and analysed with 66 field-based composite burn index (CBI) plots collected in 2002. Results showed that differences of NDVI and differences of EVI between the pre-fire year and the first two years post-fire were highly correlated with the CBI scores. The correlations were low beyond the second year post-fire. Differences of NBR had good correlation with CBI scores in all study years. Differences of IFI had low correlation with CBI in the first year post-fire and had good correlation in later years. A CBI map of the burnt area was produced using regression tree models and the multitemporal images. The dynamics of four spectral indices from 2000 to 2007 indicated that both NBR and IFI are valuable for monitoring long-term vegetation recovery. The high burn severity areas had a much slower recovery than the moderate and low burn areas. C1 [Chen, Xuexia; Shi, Hua] Contractor USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci ER, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Vogelmann, James E.; Rollins, Matthew; Ohlen, Donald] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Key, Carl H.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, XX (reprint author), Contractor USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci ER, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xuchen@usgs.gov OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resource Observation and Science (EROS) Center, for the U.S. Department of the Interior [G08PC91508]; USGS [G08PC91508]; NPS Fire Management Program Center; Joint Fire Sciences Program; USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center FX This material is published by permission of the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resource Observation and Science (EROS) Center, for the U.S. Department of the Interior, under Contract No. G08PC91508. The U.S. Government retains for itself and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.; The CBI data were collected by scientists from Wind Cave National Park, the National Park Service (NPS) Fire Management Program Center, the US Geological Survey (USGS) Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center and the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. The field data collection effort was funded by the NPS Fire Management Program Center, the Joint Fire Sciences Program and the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 23 BP 7905 EP 7927 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.524678 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866IO UT WOS:000298374200001 ER PT S AU Chapman, DC Hoff, MH AF Chapman, Duane C. Hoff, Michael H. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Invasive Asian Carps in North America Introduction SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers C1 [Chapman, Duane C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Hoff, Michael H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Fisheries Program 3, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. RP Chapman, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dchapman@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800001 ER PT S AU Hoff, MH Pegg, MA Irons, KS AF Hoff, Michael H. Pegg, Mark A. Irons, Kevin S. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Management Implications from a Stock-Recruit Model for Bighead Carp in Portions of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID WISCONSIN WATERS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; MISSOURI AB The Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force, Mississippi River Basin Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species, Mississippi Interstate Cooperative Resource Association, and other entities established goals to control feral populations of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis in the United States. The Asian Carp Working Group recommended development of stock-recruit models for bighead carp and other Asian carps to assist in management and control of feral populations. We developed a Ricker stock-recruit model, using bighead carp relative abundance data collected in the LaGrange Reach of the Illinois River and Pool 26 of the Mississippi River during 2001-2004, to guide management and control efforts there. The functional relationship that explained the greatest amount of recruitment variation explained 83% of the recruitment (during July through October of the first year of life) variation using stock size and river discharge. Seventy-two percent of recruitment variation was explained by stock size abundance while an additional 11% was explained by the coefficient of variation of discharge in July. Model predictions and empirical data indicated that management efforts to reduce stock size abundance from the optimum of 0.07 adults per unit of standardized fishing effort to 0.02 adults per unit of effort should be the most effective tool to reduce recruitment over the long term. This level of adult abundance (approximately 25% of the mean during 2001-2004) should be the target maximum for bighead carp control efforts in the study areas. Recruitment was inversely correlated with variation in river discharge, so it is possible to combine control of stock size abundance and management of river discharge in an integrated pest management program for bighead carp in the two river reaches. C1 [Hoff, Michael H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Fisheries Program 3, Bishop Henry Whipple Fed Bldg,1 Fed Dr, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. [Pegg, Mark A.; Irons, Kevin S.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana, IL 62644 USA. RP Hoff, MH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Fisheries Program 3, Bishop Henry Whipple Fed Bldg,1 Fed Dr, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. EM michael_hoff@fws.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX Fish data used during this study were collected under the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program, funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Science Center. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors. We thank all Illinois Natural History Survey researchers involved for their perseverance in collecting valuable, long-term data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and D. Chapman for reviewing a previous draft of the manuscript and for recommending ways to improve the manuscript. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 5 EP 14 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800002 ER PT S AU Nico, LG Jelks, HL AF Nico, Leo G. Jelks, Howard L. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI The Black Carp in North America: An Update SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID CHANNEL CATFISH; BOLBOPHORUS-CONFUSUS; ASIAN CARP; TREMATODE; PONDS; US AB Our book The Black Carp: Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment of an Introduced Fish was published in 2005. The present chapter provides a brief overview of new events and re-examines pieces of earlier information on this mollusk eating species. Effective November 19, 2007, black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus was placed on the Lacey Act list of injurious wildlife. Listing pertains to all forms of live black carp, including diploids (reproductively fertile), triploids (thought to be sterile), hybrids, and gametes and viable eggs, prohibiting their import into the United States and banning interstate transport. States retain rights to regulate black carp already within their jurisdiction. Although many states now ban black carp, a few states in the lower Mississippi basin still permit breeding programs and allow use of black carp for snail control in ponds. In North America, black carp are present in open waters of the lower Mississippi River basin. Likely the result of escape from aquaculture, some captures reportedly date to the early 1990s. Most (10 of 11) wild captures tested have been found to be diploids. During the mid-1990s, an estimated 400,000 black carp were in aquaculture. The number fluctuates and present total is uncertain but includes diploids. Currently, it is not possible to adequately assess the risk of additional escape because the numbers and distribution of diploid and triploid black carp held in aquaculture and the frequency and intensity of farm-pond flooding are not fully documented. Much also remains unknown about wild black carp populations in the Mississippi basin, especially with regard to their distribution, abundance, reproduction status, and types of mollusk prey consumed. The paucity of data is largely attributed to the difficulty of capturing wild black carp and the near absence of field research targeting this species. C1 [Nico, Leo G.; Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Nico, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM lnico@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 89 EP 104 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800007 ER PT S AU Nico, LG Demopoulos, A Gualtieri, D Wieser, C AF Nico, Leo G. Demopoulos, Amanda Gualtieri, Daniel Wieser, Carla BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Use of Stable Isotopes and Mercury to Assess Trophic Positions of Black Carp and Other Large Fishes in the Red-Atchafalaya River System, Louisiana, USA SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID FOOD-CHAINS; HABITAT USE; NITROGEN; LAKE; ECOSYSTEM; RATIOS; CARBON; N-15; WEB AB The black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus is a large (>1 m long) riverine fish from eastern Asia introduced into the United States via the aquaculture industry. A wild population has been present in the lower Mississippi River basin since the early 1990s, but little is known about the ecological effect of black carp in invaded environments. In its native range, black carp feed almost exclusively on mollusks. In U.S. waters, they likely prey on native mussels, but few wild-caught specimens have been examined by biologists and all have had empty gastrointestinal tracts. In lieu of stomach content data, we examined isotopic values (delta C-13 and delta N-15) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in muscle tissue of black carp and 10 other large normative and native fish species captured in the Red-Atchafalaya River system of Louisiana, USA. Trophic position estimates derived from delta N-15 values ranged from 2.0 for grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to 4.8 for blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris. Adult black carp had a delta N-15 value (13.2 parts per thousand), indicating a trophic level of 3.5. Mean total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.02 mu g/g in grass carp to 0.27 mu g/g in bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus, in black carp 0.17 mu g/g; Hg increased with increasing delta N-15, indicating biomagnification. The limited numbers of taxa and small samples sizes, as well as constraints in methods used, do not allow confirmation that wild black carp are consuming native mollusks. However, our stable isotope results do provide evidence that its diet is similar to other large fish species inhabiting the Red-Atchafalaya system considered to be benthic invertivores, including some known to prey on freshwater mollusks (i.e., smallmouth buffalo I. bubalus and normative common carp Cyprinus carpio). C1 [Nico, Leo G.; Demopoulos, Amanda; Gualtieri, Daniel; Wieser, Carla] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Nico, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL USA. EM lnico@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 105 EP 120 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800008 ER PT S AU Orazio, CE Chapman, DC May, TW Meadows, JC Walther, MJ Echols, KR Deters, JE Dierenfeld, ES AF Orazio, Carl E. Chapman, Duane C. May, Thomas W. Meadows, John C. Walther, Michael J. Echols, Kathy R. Deters, Joseph E. Dierenfeld, Ellen S. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants and Elements in Bigheaded Carps of the Missouri River at Easley, Missouri, USA SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID FRESH-WATER FISH; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; CELL BIOASSAY; PESTICIDES; CHINA; BIOACCUMULATION; MICROCYSTINS; SELENIUM; MERCURY; BLOOMS AB Efforts are underway in the United States to promote the commercial harvest of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp H. nobilis as a means of controlling the populations of these invasive species. The major uses under consideration are food for people, pets, and zoo animals. Fish in general are a good source of protein, beneficial lipids, and nutritional elements. However, fish from contaminated waters can bioaccumulate toxic elements and persistent organic chemical pollutants to levels that limit consumption. It is important that levels of chemical contaminants and nutritional elements in bigheaded carp of the various regions of the United States be measured. In September of 2005, 30 bighead carp and 30 silver carp were collected from the Missouri River near Easley, Missouri, USA, a location midway between Kansas City and St. Louis. Whole-body composites and skinless, bony white-meat fillet composites were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47), dioxin equivalents, percent lipid, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, and several other elements. The data showed that in both species of these fish, levels of total PCB, total DDT, total chlordane, PBDE-47, dioxin equivalents, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and selenium were below levels of concern for consumption by humans and domestic animals. The average mercury concentration of 0.070 mu g/g wet weight (ww) in three 5-fish silver carp white-meat fillet composites of this study was within the state of Missouri's "unlimited consumption by sensitive populations" category (<0.088 mu g/g ww). The more conservative advisory of the National Fish and Wildlife Contamination Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends a limit of three fish meals per week of the Easley Missouri silver carp white-meat fillets. Mercury levels in the three 5-fish composites of bighead carp white-meat fillets averaged 0.21 mu g/g ww, falling into the USEPA limit of one fish meal per week. In whole body composites, mercury levels averaged 0.04 mu g/g ww in the silver carp and 0.10 mu g/g ww in bighead carp, placing both mercury levels below the 0.12 mu g/g ww limit set for domestic animal consumption. Calcium concentration, an important factor in formulation of animal feed, was 21 mu g/kg dry weight (dw) in the whole-body composites of the silver carp compared to 57 mu g/kg dw in the bighead carp. C1 [Orazio, Carl E.; Chapman, Duane C.; May, Thomas W.; Meadows, John C.; Walther, Michael J.; Echols, Kathy R.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Deters, Joseph E.] ASRC Management Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Dierenfeld, Ellen S.] St Louis Zoo, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Orazio, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM corazio@usgs.gov FU USGS FX We thank Jessica Counihan for her expert assistance in fish collection and in filleting and dissecting the various tissues. Thanks to Diane Nicks for conducting the H4IIE dioxin equivalents assay. Thanks to George Tegerdine for conducting the gas chromatographic analysis. We appreciate the assistance of Michael McKee of the Missouri Department of Conservation, Jo Ellen Hinck of USGS, and biologist Joseph Boettcher. This project was funded by USGS. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 199 EP 213 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800014 ER PT S AU Little, EE Calfee, RD Fabacher, DL Sanders, L AF Little, Edward E. Calfee, Robin D. Fabacher, David L. Sanders, Laura BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Fright Reaction and Avoidance Induced by Exposure to Conspecific Skin Extracts in Invasive Bighead and Silver Carps SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSES; PREDATOR RECOGNITION; ALARM PHEROMONE; FISH PHEROMONES AB The response of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix to conspecific skin extracts was determined during free-field observations and avoidance tests. The extracts induced freezing/motionlessness, cessation of food-searching activities, and reduced swimming activity in the fish. Silver carp tended to avoid the area where the extract was released and a strong schooling response was induced in bighead carp. In avoidance tests using countercurrent chambers, young bighead carp (5-8 cm total length) were unresponsive to the skin extract (P > 0.05). However, in both species, older juveniles (12-25 cm total length) spent significantly less time (P < 0.01) in the side of the chamber receiving skin extract solutions. The extract was effective whether freshly prepared or aged at room temperature for 24 h. Freezing did not alter the effectiveness of fresh or frozen extracts. These studies suggest that bighead and silver carp are responsive to conspecific skin extracts and that the use of extracts might be useful to repel carp from habitats of concern. C1 [Little, Edward E.; Calfee, Robin D.; Fabacher, David L.; Sanders, Laura] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM elittle@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 215 EP 225 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800015 ER PT S AU Thomas, RG Jenkins, JA David, J AF Thomas, R. Glenn Jenkins, Jill A. David, Jody BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Occurrence and Distribution of Asian Carps in Louisiana SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID GRASS CARP; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FISH; DNA; PLOIDY; SILVER; BASIN AB In the 1970s, commercial fishers reported sightings of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in large rivers and associated backwaters of Louisiana; the first specimen in Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries' fishery independent sampling was recorded in 1976. Beginning in the early 1980s, commercial fishers noted increasing populations of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix (together, the bigheaded carps). Populations of bigheaded carps appear to be increasing at a much slower rate than in the Midwest, possibly due to limited suitability of and access to backwater habitat for juvenile fish. In 2002, harvester reports of sporadic captures of "different-looking" grass carp indicated the possible presence of black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. Because both normal diploid and triploid (in which triploidy has been induced to cause sterility) black carp have been stocked in the Mississippi basin, determination of the ploidy (number of chromosome sets) of these fishes is important. Since 2002, postmortem ploidy determinations using cells from eyeballs removed from six wild black carp captured in Louisiana showed each to be a normal diploid, indicative of breeding capability and potential reproducing populations. Although reported commercial landings of grass and bigheaded carps have been as high as 34,830 kg/year, limited market demand in past years resulted in many captures being discarded. A protocol for obtaining samples for easily determining ploidy is reported here. Accurate data on Asian carp distributions and their reproductive potential provides information to fisheries researchers that will be constructive in documenting the spread of these invasive species and in the assessment of risk to habitats. C1 [Thomas, R. Glenn] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [David, Jody] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Opelousas, LA 70570 USA. RP Thomas, RG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gthomas@agctr.lsu.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 239 EP 250 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800017 ER PT S AU Papoulias, DM Candrl, J Jenkins, JA Tillitt, DE AF Papoulias, Diana M. Candrl, James Jenkins, Jill A. Tillitt, Donald E. BE Chapman, DC Hoff, MH TI Verification of Ploidy and Reproductive Potential in Triploid Black Carp and Grass Carp SO INVASIVE ASIAN CARPS IN NORTH AMERICA SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Asian Carps in North America: A forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem CY AUG 22-23, 2006 CL Peoria, IL SP Mississippi River Basin Panel Aquatic Nuisance Spesies, Mississippi Interstate Cooperat Resource Assoc, Illinois Chapter Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Introduced Fishes Sect, US Geolog Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Nature Conservancy, Profess Assoc Conservat Resource Managers ID CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; LIKELIHOOD; SALMON AB The Asian black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus is of interest to the aquaculture industry in the United States as a biological control for snails and mollusks. However, past experience in North America with other Asian carps has raised concern that black carp will establish wild populations and negatively affect native populations of fish and invertebrates, especially mollusks. The demand for black carp has led biologists to seek ways to allow their use while at the same time maintaining control over their distribution and reproduction. Physical containment and restrictions on importation, release, and stocking have mostly failed. Control of reproduction holds more promise. The induction of triploidy (having three sets of chromosomes), which can render an individual biologically sterile, is of particular interest. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of proposed testing procedures used to assure genetic triploidy in black carp prior to distribution by the state of Missouri, using black carp and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Our objectives were to (1) verify if the ploidy determination methodology (nuclear size) employed was 100% accurate, (2) determine growth and survival of juvenile black carp over extended periods of time under laboratory and pond conditions, and (3) histologically examine development and gametogenesis in gonads collected from triploid and diploid black and grass carps of different ages and stages of maturation. Comparison of erythrocyte nuclear size using the Coulter counter method versus the more accurate method of flow cytometry that measures DNA content indicated an error rate of 0.25% by the former method. Black carp grew and survived well in mid-Missouri ponds. Triploid grass carp males appeared to produce functional gametes, and some triploid black carp male testes had apparently normal spermatocytes within cysts. A few normally developing oocytes at previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages were observed in triploid grass carp females, and a few normal perinuclear oocytes could be identified in triploid black carp females. Currently, the standards of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's triploid grass carp voluntary inspection program are being followed by some states to manage triploid black carp. Our results indicate that although the percentage of diploid black carp that could pass through the currently proposed screening program is small, overall numbers of diploid black carp distributed in a state could be substantial depending on the number of triploids distributed. Furthermore, despite indications that triploid male black carp can be expected to be functionally sterile, reproductive studies may be warranted given the large wild populations of diploid grass carp, bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and silver carp H. molitrix in the Mississippi River basin system. C1 [Papoulias, Diana M.; Candrl, James; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Papoulias, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dpapoulias@usgs.gov FU USGS Scientific Support Program; Aquatic Invasive Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Office FX The authors would like to thank Eugene Greer, Mandy Annis, Diane Nicks, Rachel Claunch, Cliff Wilson, and Vanessa Velez at the Columbia Environmental Research Center and Jeho Shin at the National Wetlands Research Center for their technical assistance. Valuable advice and additional assistance with permits and obtaining fish was provided by the late Tommy Crawford, Meghan Zimmerscheid, Steve Eider, and Jeff Kopplemann of the Missouri Department of Conservation. Jim Milligan, retired U.S. Fish and Wildlife, was the Fish and Wildlife Service cooperator for the initial funding provided through USGS Scientific Support Program. Additional funding was provided by the Aquatic Invasive Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Office. The authors also thank Jeff Koppelman and Kari Duncan for their review of earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-23-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2011 VL 74 BP 251 EP 266 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QT UT WOS:000393631800018 ER PT S AU Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG AF Leslie, Anne R. Westbrooks, Randy G. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Invasive Plant Management Issues and Challenges in the United States: 2011 Overview Foreword SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Leslie, Anne R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Westbrooks, Randy G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC USA. RP Leslie, AR (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP XI EP XIII D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700002 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG Tasker, AV AF Westbrooks, Randy G. Tasker, Alan V. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Overview of Prohibited and Permitted Plant Regulatory Listing Systems SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB Pest risk analysis is a process that evaluates the risks involved with a proposed species to help determine whether it should be permitted or denied entry into a country, and how the risks could be managed if it is imported. The prohibited listing approach was developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s in response to outbreaks of plant and animals pests such as foot and mouth disease of livestock, Mediterranean fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann), and Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). Under this approach, selected species of concern are evaluated to determine if they should be regulated for entry. Under the permitted listing approach that was first used on a national level in Australia in the 1990s, all species that are proposed for introduction are assessed to determine if they should be regulated. C1 [Westbrooks, Randy G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. [Tasker, Alan V.] APHIS, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@intrstar.net NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 19 EP 28 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700004 ER PT S AU Iverson, RD Westbrooks, RG Eplee, RE Tasker, AV AF Iverson, Richard D. Westbrooks, Randy G. Eplee, Robert E. Tasker, Alan V. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Overview and Status of the Witchweed (Striga asiatica) Eradication Program in the Carolinas SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB Witchweed [(Striga asiatica (L.) O. Kuntze)] is a parasitic weed from Asia and Africa that attaches to the roots of grasses and grass crops such as corn and sorghum. Witchweed was first detected in the western hemisphere in a corn field in Columbus County, North Carolina, in July, 1956. Since that time, a federal/state cooperative program has eliminated over 99% of the 432,000+ acres that have been found infested with witchweed in the eastern Carolinas. This chapter provides an overview of the USDA-Carolinas Witchweed Eradication Program, as well as the methods and procedures that have been employed to achieve this remarkable level of success. C1 [Iverson, Richard D.] NCDA&CS, Div Plant Ind, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Westbrooks, Randy G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. [Eplee, Robert E.] APHIS, USDA, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. [Tasker, Alan V.] APHIS, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Iverson, RD (reprint author), NCDA&CS, Div Plant Ind, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. EM Rick.Iverson@ncagr.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 51 EP 68 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700008 ER PT S AU Lusk, M Ericson, J AF Lusk, Michael Ericson, Jenny BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Invasive Plant Management in the United States National Wildlife Refuge System SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRICETOMYS; FLORIDA; RAT AB Invasive species pose a significant challenge to the National Wildlife Refuge System and have been identified as the single most important threat to habitat management on refuges. At present, it is estimated that over 2 million acres of refuge lands are invaded by invasive plants. The current and potential costs of controlling invasive plants, as well as monitoring and restoring refuge lands, are significant both financially and ecologically. Budgetary expenditures for invasive species projects in FY 2009 totaled $18.4 million. A number of strategies are used to confront this threat and have resulted in success on a variety of levels. The Refuge System utilizes key partnerships, invasive species strike teams, and a dedicated cadre of volunteers to implement projects that incorporate mechanical, chemical and biological control methods. C1 [Lusk, Michael] Chassahowitzka Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Crystal River, FL 34429 USA. [Ericson, Jenny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Invas Species Program, Arlington, VA USA. RP Lusk, M (reprint author), Chassahowitzka Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Crystal River, FL 34429 USA. EM Michael_Lusk@fws.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 69 EP 80 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700009 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG AF Westbrooks, Randy G. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Federal Interagency Coordination for Invasive Plant Issues - The Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW) SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The U.S. Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW) is a formal partnership between 16 federal agencies that have invasive plant management and regulatory responsibilities for the United States and its territories. Efforts to develop a national level federal interagency committee to coordinate federal activities were initiated by national weed program managers with the USDA Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management in 1989. FICMNEW was formally established through a Memorandum of Understanding that was signed by agency administrators of member agencies in August, 1994. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@intrstar.net NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 121 EP 128 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700013 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG AF Westbrooks, Randy G. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Interagency Partnering for Weed Prevention - Progress on Development of a National Early Detection and Rapid Response System for Invasive Plants in the United States SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Over the past 50 years, experience has shown that interagency groups provide an effective forum for addressing various invasive species issues and challenges on multiple land units. However, more importantly, they can also provide a coordinated framework for early detection, reporting, identification and vouchering, rapid assessment, and rapid response to new and emerging invasive plants in the United States. Interagency collaboration maximizes the use of available expertise, resources, and authority for promoting early detection and rapid response (EDRR) as the preferred management option for addressing new and emerging invasive plants. Currently, an interagency effort is underway to develop a National EDRR System for Invasive Plants in the United States. The proposed system will include structural and informational elements. Structural elements of the system include a network of interagency partner groups to facilitate early detection and rapid response to new invasive plants, including the Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW), State Invasive Species Councils, State Early Detection and Rapid Response Coordinating Committees, State Volunteer Detection and Reporting Networks, Invasive Plant Task Forces, and Cooperative Weed Management Areas. Informational elements and products being developed include Regional Invasive Plant Atlases, and EDRR Guidelines for EDRR Volunteer Network Training, Rapid Assessment and Rapid Response, and Criteria for Selection of EDRR Species. System science and technical support elements which are provided by cooperating state and federal scientists, include EDRR guidelines, training curriculum for EDRR volunteers and agency field personnel, plant identification and vouchering, rapid assessments, as well as predictive modeling and ecological range studies for invasive plant species. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@intrstar.net NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 135 EP 142 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700015 ER PT S AU Westbrooks, RG Brabson, EN AF Westbrooks, Randy G. Brabson, Elizabeth N. BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Overview and History of the Beach Vitex Task Force - An Interagency Partnership in Action SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB Beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia L. f.), a woody vine from Korea, was introduced into the United States as a dune stabilization plant in the mid-1980s. By the mid- to late-1990s, Beach vitex was observed spreading from landscape plantings along the South Carolina coast, crowding out native dune species. In 2003, in response to concerns about possible impacts of the plant on native dune species, as well as loggerhead sea turtle nesting habitat, the South Carolina Beach Vitex Task Force was organized to address the problem. Since that time, the effort to control Beach vitex has expanded to include North Carolina, and more recently, Virginia. C1 [Westbrooks, Randy G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. [Brabson, Elizabeth N.] Beach Vitex Task Force, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. RP Westbrooks, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 159 EP 168 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700017 ER PT S AU Brigham, LA Brusca, R Betancourt, J AF Brigham, Lindy A. Brusca, Richard Betancourt, Julio BE Leslie, AR Westbrooks, RG TI Cooperation across Federal and Local Jurisdictions for Invasive Species Management: Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) in Southern Arizona SO INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE UNITED STATES: 2011 OVERVIEW SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] is a drought tolerant, fire adapted, perennial grass that is aggressively invading the Sonoran Desert. Buffelgrass is outcompeting the native vegetation even in the absence of fire and is threatening to destroy the unique environment that gives southern Arizona its appeal. In 2008, concerned citizens from the community representing agencies and organizations engaged in commerce, advocacy and government came together to create the Southern Arizona Buffelgrass Coordination Center (SABCC) with the goal of working across jurisdictional boundaries to mitigate the threat of buffelgrass to the economic and aesthetic values of the community. The SABCC is currently working both at the federal level to obtain funding for buffelgrass eradication and at the local level involving land managers and citizen volunteer groups. C1 [Brigham, Lindy A.] So Arizona Buffelgrass Coordinat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Brusca, Richard] Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA. [Betancourt, Julio] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Brigham, LA (reprint author), So Arizona Buffelgrass Coordinat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lbrigham@ag.arizona.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7449-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1073 BP 189 EP 200 D2 10.1021/bk-2011-1073 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BDD83 UT WOS:000312876700019 ER PT S AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Suzuoki, Y Bannister, T AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina Suzuoki, Yukihiro Bannister, Terri BE Panigrahy, S Ray, SS Huete, AR TI OIL DETECTION IN A COASTAL MARSH WITH POLARIMETRIC SAR SO ISPRS BHOPAL 2011 WORKSHOP EARTH OBSERVATION FOR TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Bhopal Workshop on Earth Observation for Terrestrial Ecosystem CY NOV 08, 2011 CL Bhopal, INDIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina; Bannister, Terri] US Geol Survey, Five Rivers Serv LLC, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Suzuoki, Yukihiro] ASci Corp Inc, Mclean, VA USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2011 VL 38-8 IS W20 BP 204 EP 204 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1WG UT WOS:000358386000041 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ding, XL Lu, Z AF Zhang, Lei Ding, Xiaoli Lu, Zhong TI Ground settlement monitoring based on temporarily coherent points between two SAR acquisitions SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE SAR; Monitoring; Statistics; Change detection; Comparison ID PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; INTERFEROMETRY; GLACIER; INTERFEROGRAMS; REGISTRATION; ALGORITHM; MORENO; IMAGES; MAPS AB An InSAR analysis approach for identifying and extracting the temporarily coherent points (TCP) that exist between two SAR acquisitions and for determining motions of the TCP is presented for applications such as ground settlement monitoring. TCP are identified based on the spatial characteristics of the range and azimuth offsets of coherent radar scatterers. A method for coregistering TCP based on the offsets of TCP is given to reduce the coregistration errors at TCP. An improved phase unwrapping method based on the minimum cost flow (MCF) algorithm and local Delaunay triangulation is also proposed for sparse TCP data. The proposed algorithms are validated using a test site in Hong Kong. The test results show that the algorithms work satisfactorily for various ground features. (C) 2010 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Lei; Ding, Xiaoli] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kln, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Ding, XL (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kln, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM lsxlding@polyu.edu.hk RI Ding, Xiaoli/K-4596-2013; Zhang, Lei/A-1412-2014 OI Ding, Xiaoli/0000-0002-5733-3629; Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-8152-2470 FU Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [PolyU 5155/07E]; Faculty of Construction and Land Use, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University FX The authors would like to thank Prof. Olaf H.A. Hellwich and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. The first author is supported by a Ph.D. studentship offered by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The research was supported by the Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (project number: PolyU 5155/07E), and the Sustainable Urbanisation Research Fund (SURF) of the Faculty of Construction and Land Use, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 66 IS 1 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.10.004 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 715BH UT WOS:000286854900014 ER PT J AU Nadoll, P Koenig, AE AF Nadoll, Patrick Koenig, Alan E. TI LA-ICP-MS of magnetite: methods and reference materials SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRACE-ELEMENT COMPOSITION; GLASS REFERENCE MATERIALS; LASER-ABLATION; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; OXIDE MINERALS; ID-TIMS; SRM 610; CALIBRATION; STANDARD AB Magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) is a common accessory mineral in many geologic settings. Its variable geochemistry makes it a powerful petrogenetic indicator. Electron microprobe (EMPA) analyses are commonly used to examine major and minor element contents in magnetite. Laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) is applicable to trace element analyses of magnetite but has not been widely employed to examine compositional variations. We tested the applicability of the NIST SRM 610, the USGS GSE-1G, and the NIST SRM 2782 reference materials (RMs) as external standards and developed a reliable method for LA-ICP-MS analysis of magnetite. LA-ICP-MS analyses were carried out on well characterized magnetite samples with a 193 nm, Excimer, ArF LA system. Although matrix-matched RMs are sometimes important for calibration and normalization of LA-ICP-MS data, we demonstrate that glass RMs can produce accurate results for LA-ICP-MS analyses of magnetite. Cross-comparison between the NIST SRM 610 and USGS GSE-1G indicates good agreement for magnetite minor and trace element data calibrated with either of these RMs. Many elements show a sufficiently good match between the LA-ICP-MS and the EMPA data; for example, Ti and V show a close to linear relationship with correlation coefficients, R(2) of 0.79 and 0.85 respectively. C1 [Nadoll, Patrick] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nadoll, P (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Room 1031,Bldg 301,23 Symonds St, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM p.nadoll@auckland.ac.nz OI Nadoll, Patrick/0000-0002-4061-7203 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS [3607415/06HQGR0173] FX Research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS award number 3607415/06HQGR0173. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1872 EP 1877 DI 10.1039/c1ja10105f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 808WY UT WOS:000294013900022 ER PT J AU Kurobe, T MacConnell, E Hudson, C McDowell, TS Mardones, FO Hedrick, RP AF Kurobe, T. MacConnell, E. Hudson, C. McDowell, T. S. Mardones, F. O. Hedrick, R. P. TI Iridovirus Infections among Missouri River Sturgeon: Initial Characterization, Transmission, and Evidence for Establishment of a Carrier State SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID WHITE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; CELL-LINES; OUTBREAKS; DISEASE; WSIV AB Iridovirus infections of the integument were associated with disease and mortality among hatchery-reared populations of juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus from the Missouri River. Virus-infected cells in the integument of fins and body were greatly enlarged, possessed pleomorphic and eccentric nuclei, and exhibited an amphophilic to eosinophilic staining of the cytoplasm in hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. Virus particles found in the host cell cytoplasm were composed of an outer hexagonal capsid measuring 254 nm in diameter and surrounding a dense nucleoid. Despite numerous attempts, the virus could not be propagated on routine cell lines used in fish viral diagnostics or from established cell lines from white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, pallid sturgeon, or shovelnose sturgeon. Bath exposures of healthy juvenile pallid sturgeon to a crude extract or a 0.45-mu m-filtered extract from the fins of infected fish resulted in transmission of the virus and mortality. At water temperatures of 15 degrees C, the first deaths occurred at approximately 1 month; mortality peaked between 50 and 60 d postexposure, after which surviving fish recovered. Presence of the virus was confirmed among dead and moribund pallid sturgeon by both histology and detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction methods. Feeding of infected tissues and cohabitation with virus-infected shovelnose sturgeon also resulted in successful virus transmission to juvenile pallid sturgeon. Virus infections among experimentally exposed pallid sturgeon that recovered from clinical episodes persisted for at least 8.5 months, and these apparently healthy fish transmitted the virus and disease to juvenile pallid sturgeon by cohabitation. The newly described Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (MRSIV) as found in pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon shares many properties with a group of iridoviruses associated with serious skin and gill infections in several species of sturgeon. C1 [Mardones, F. O.; Hedrick, R. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [MacConnell, E.; Hudson, C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu RI Mardones, Fernando/G-2488-2012 OI Mardones, Fernando/0000-0003-1228-5392 FU Army Corps of Engineers [W9128R-07-P-0125]; Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture at the University of California, Davis FX This work was supported in part by the Army Corps of Engineers (W9128R-07-P-0125) and by the Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture at the University of California, Davis. The authors thank Susan Yun for technical support; the Upper Basin Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Workgroup; and Rob Holm, Matt Toner, and the hatchery personnel of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their assistance. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.545697 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 750TL UT WOS:000289570800002 PM 21699132 ER PT J AU Badil, S Elliott, DG Kurobe, T Hedrick, RP Clemens, K Blair, M Purcell, MK AF Badil, Samantha Elliott, Diane G. Kurobe, Tomofumi Hedrick, Ronald P. Clemens, Kathy Blair, Marilyn Purcell, Maureen K. TI Comparative Evaluation of Molecular Diagnostic Tests for Nucleospora salmonis and Prevalence in Migrating Juvenile Salmonids from the Snake River, USA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; INTRANUCLEAR MICROSPORIDIUM; ENTEROCYTOZOON-SALMONIS; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA; INFECTIONS; COLUMBIA AB Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian that primarily infects lymphoblast cells and contributes to chronic lymphoblastosis and a leukemia-like condition in a range of salmonid species. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of N. salmonis in out-migrating juvenile hatchery and wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss from the Snake River in the U. S. Pacific Northwest. To achieve this goal, we first addressed the following concerns about current molecular diagnostic tests for N. salmonis: (1) nonspecific amplification patterns by the published nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) test, (2) incomplete validation of the published quantitative PCR (qPCR) test, and (3) whether N. salmonis can be detected reliably from nonlethal samples. Here, we present an optimized nPCR protocol that eliminates nonspecific amplification. During validation of the published qPCR test, our laboratory developed a second qPCR test that targeted a different gene sequence and used different probe chemistry for comparison purposes. We simultaneously evaluated the two different qPCR tests for N. salmonis and found that both assays were highly specific, sensitive, and repeatable. The nPCR and qPCR tests had good overall concordance when DNA samples derived from both apparently healthy and clinically diseased hatchery rainbow trout were tested. Finally, we demonstrated that gill snips were a suitable tissue for nonlethal detection of N. salmonis DNA in juvenile salmonids. Monitoring of juvenile salmonid fish in the Snake River over a 3-year period revealed low prevalence of N. salmonis in hatchery and wild Chinook salmon and wild steelhead but significantly higher prevalence in hatchery-derived steelhead. Routine monitoring of N. salmonis is not performed for all hatchery steelhead populations. At present, the possible contribution of this pathogen to delayed mortality of steelhead has not been determined. C1 [Badil, Samantha; Elliott, Diane G.; Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kurobe, Tomofumi; Hedrick, Ronald P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Clemens, Kathy; Blair, Marilyn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fish Hlth Ctr, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [DACW57-00-0009, W68SBV60307671, W68SBV6041861]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; California Department of Fish and Game FX This research was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (contracts DACW57-00-0009, number 11, W68SBV60307671, and W68SBV6041861), the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the California Department of Fish and Game. The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Constance McKibben, LynnMarie Applegate, Anthony Murray, Carla Conway, Lisa Wetzel, and Sacha Mosterd (Western Fisheries Research Center). Representative DNA from Ovipleistophora ovariae, Loma salmonae, and Ceratomyxa shasta were obtained from Andy Goodwin (University of Arkansas), Mike Kent (Oregon State University), and Sascha Hallet (Oregon State University), respectively. Positive N. salmonis material was obtained from Carla Hogge (Idaho Fish and Game). The mention of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U. S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. Department of Interior of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.559418 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 750TL UT WOS:000289570800003 PM 21699133 ER PT J AU Fleming, BP Huffman, DG Bonner, TH Brandt, TM AF Fleming, B. Paul Huffman, David G. Bonner, Timothy H. Brandt, Thomas M. TI Metacercarial Distribution of Centrocestus formosanus among Fish Hosts in the Guadalupe River Drainage of Texas SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; RED-RIM MELANIA; SNAIL MELANOIDES-TUBERCULATA; DARTER ETHEOSTOMA-FONTICOLA; DEEP-STORAGE RESERVOIR; EXOTIC AQUATIC SNAIL; FOUNTAIN DARTER; HETEROPHYID TREMATODE; HELMINTH-PARASITES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY AB We examined the gills of wild fish collected from central Texas for Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae to determine whether this temperature-restricted parasite had invaded the thermally dynamic Guadalupe River via an introduced population in its thermally stable tributary, the Comal River. We collected fish from three sites in the Guadalupe River near its confluence with the Comal River (upstream, at, and downstream) and one site in the Comal River. Centrocestus formosanus infected 14 of the 25 species examined (56.0%) and 171 of the individual fish (27.1%). Several of the infected fish represent new host records for the parasite, and two are listed as species of special concern by the state of Texas. Mean metacercarial intensities varied from 8 to 616 among species, and the highest recorded intensity was greater than 800 in two Guadalupe roundnose minnow Dionda nigrotaeniata. Among the 24 species examined from the Guadalupe River, 11 (45.8%) were infected with C. formosanus. Thorough surveys at the study sites yielded no living specimens of the first obligate intermediate snail host (red-rim melania Melanoides tuberculatus), which must be present to perpetuate the parasite. Thus, the infections were probably due to drifting cercariae that had been shed into the water column upstream of the study area in the Comal River. We therefore investigated spatial patterns in cercarial acquisition using caged fish to determine whether drifting cercariae were present in the water column at the study sites. Of 57 uninfected blacktail shiners Cyprinella venusta exposed to Guadalupe River water downstream from and at the confluence, 52 (91.2%) became infected with C. formosanus metacercariae at a mean rate of 4 metacercariae/d. This finding extends the known geographic range of this invasive exotic parasite and is the first report of the life cycle being advanced in the fish assemblage of a thermally variable temperate stream in the USA. C1 [Fleming, B. Paul; Huffman, David G.; Bonner, Timothy H.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Brandt, Thomas M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Fleming, BP (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM paul.fleming@tpwd.state.tx.us NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.616840 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 836UQ UT WOS:000296139400002 PM 22216710 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Gregg, JL Grady, CA LaPatra, SE Winton, JR AF Hershberger, P. K. Gregg, J. L. Grady, C. A. LaPatra, S. E. Winton, J. R. TI Passive Immunization of Pacific Herring against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; EGTVED VIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION; ANTIBODIES; SOUND AB The plasma of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii that survived laboratory-induced viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) epizootics contained humoral substances that, when injected into naive animals, conferred passive immunity against the disease. Among groups exposed to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), injection of donor plasma from VHS survivors resulted in significantly greater survival (50%) and significantly lower tissue titers (1.5 x 10(5) plaque-forming units [PFU]/g) than the injection of plasma from VHSV-naive donors (6% survival; 3.7 x 10(6) PFU/g). Additionally, the magnitude of the protective immune response increased during the postexposure period; plasma that was collected from survivors at 123 d postexposure (931 degree-days) provided greater protection than plasma collected from survivors at 60 d postexposure (409 degree-days). These results provide proof of concept that the VHSV exposure history of Pacific herring populations can be determined post hoc; furthermore, the results can be used as the foundation for developing additional high-throughput diagnostic techniques that may be effective at quantifying herd immunity and forecasting the potential for future VHS epizootics in populations of wild Pacific herring. C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Gregg, J. L.; Grady, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. [Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (Project Number 070819) and by the U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. Technical assistance was provided by R. Wade and L. Taylor (U. S. Geological Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Station). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U. S. Department of Interior or the U. S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.616838 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 836UQ UT WOS:000296139400005 PM 22216713 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Getchell, RG McClure, CA Garver, KA AF Purcell, Maureen K. Getchell, Rodman G. McClure, Carol A. Garver, Kyle A. TI Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Detection of Aquatic Animal Pathogens in a Diagnostic Laboratory Setting SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; INFECTIOUS-SALMON-ANEMIA; NUCLEIC-ACID AMPLIFICATION; HEMATOPOIETIC-NECROSIS-VIRUS; LATENT-CLASS ANALYSIS; QUALITY-CONTROL; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PERKINSUS-MARINUS AB Real-time, or quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is quickly supplanting other molecular methods for detecting the nucleic acids of human and other animal pathogens owing to the speed and robustness of the technology. As the aquatic animal health community moves toward implementing national diagnostic testing schemes, it will need to evaluate how qPCR technology should be employed. This review outlines the basic principles of qPCR technology, considerations for assay development, standards and controls, assay performance, diagnostic validation, implementation in the diagnostic laboratory, and quality assurance and control measures. These factors are fundamental for ensuring the validity of qPCR assay results obtained in the diagnostic laboratory setting. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Getchell, Rodman G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McClure, Carol A.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Ctr Aquat Hlth Sci, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Garver, Kyle A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Aquat Anim Hlth, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov RI PONNERASSERY, Sudheesh/C-4589-2014; OI Getchell, Rodman/0000-0003-4063-4668; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 85 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 148 EP 161 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.620217 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 836UQ UT WOS:000296139400006 PM 22216714 ER PT J AU Fetherman, ER Winkelman, DL Schisler, GJ Myrick, CA AF Fetherman, Eric R. Winkelman, Dana L. Schisler, George J. Myrick, Christopher A. TI The Effects of Myxobolus cerebralis on the Physiological Performance of Whirling Disease Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Rainbow Trout SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UPPER COLORADO RIVER; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BROWN TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WILD FISH; EXPOSURE; POPULATIONS; TRUTTA AB The development of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss strains that are resistant to whirling disease has shown promise as a management tool for populations in areas where Myxobolus cerebralis is present. However, the physiological effects of the disease on characteristics necessary for fish survival in natural river conditions have not been tested in many of these strains. Five rainbow trout strains were evaluated for their swimming ability and growth characteristics in relation to M. cerebralis exposure: the resistant German rainbow trout (GR) strain (Hofer strain), the susceptible Colorado River rainbow trout (CRR) strain, and three intermediate (hybrid) strains (F(1) = GR x CRR; F(2) = F(1) x F(1); B(2) = backcross of F(1) x CRR). Three broad response patterns among strain and exposure were evident in our study. First, exposure metrics, growth performance, and swimming ability differed among strains. Second, exposure to the parasite did not necessarily produce differences in growth or swimming ability. Exposure to M. cerebralis did not affect batch weight for any strain, and critical swimming velocity did not differ between exposed and unexposed families. Third, although exposure did not necessarily affect growth or swimming ability, individuals that exhibited clinical deformities did show reduced growth and swimming performance; fish with clinical deformities were significantly smaller and had lower critical swimming velocities than exposed fish without clinical deformities. Research and management have focused on GR x CRR hybrid strains; however, given the performance of the GR strain in our study, it should not be discounted as a potential broodstock. Additional field trials comparing the GR and F(1) strains should be conducted before wholesale adoption of the GR strain to reestablish rainbow trout populations in Colorado. C1 [Fetherman, Eric R.; Myrick, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schisler, George J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Parvin Lake Res Stn, Red Feather Lakes, CO 80545 USA. RP Fetherman, ER (reprint author), Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM eric.fetherman@colostate.edu FU Whirling Disease Foundation; CDOW through the U.S. Geological Survey's Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This research was funded by the Whirling Disease Foundation and CDOW through the U.S. Geological Survey's Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. We thank T. McDowell and R. Hedrick (University of California-Davis) and R. Barry Nehring (CDOW) for providing TAMs for the experimental exposures; P. Schler and A. Avalos (CDOW Bellvue Fish Research Hatchery) for helping with broodstock and strain development; and M. Brandt, M. McGree, A. Zamora, B. Lanckriet, and M. Catanese for their laboratory assistance. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.630273 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 881SO UT WOS:000299509000001 PM 22372244 ER PT J AU Cornwell, ER Eckerlin, GE Getchell, RG Groocock, GH Thompson, TM Batts, WN Casey, RN Kurath, G Winton, JR Bowser, PR Bain, MB Casey, JW AF Cornwell, Emily R. Eckerlin, Geofrey E. Getchell, Rodman G. Groocock, Geoffrey H. Thompson, Tarin M. Batts, William N. Casey, Rufina N. Kurath, Gael Winton, James R. Bowser, Paul R. Bain, Mark B. Casey, James W. TI Detection of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus by Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction from Two Fish Species at Two Sites in Lake Superior SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; COD GADUS-MORHUA; EPC CELL-LINE; ULCUS-SYNDROME; VHSV; SEA; IVB; RHABDOVIRUS AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was first detected in the Laurentian Great Lakes in 2005 during a mortality event in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Subsequent analysis of archived samples determined that the first known isolation of VHSV in the Laurentian Great Lakes was from a muskellunge Esox masquinongy collected in Lake St. Clair in 2003. By the end of 2008, mortality events and viral isolations had occurred in all of the Laurentian Great Lakes except Lake Superior. In 2009, a focused disease surveillance program was designed to determine whether VHSV was also present in Lake Superior. In this survey, 874 fish from 7 sites along the U. S. shoreline of Lake Superior were collected during June 2009. Collections were focused on nearshore species known to be susceptible to VHSV. All fish were dissected individually by using aseptic techniques and were tested for the presence of VHSV genetic material by use of a quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the viral nucleoprotein gene. Seventeen fish from two host species at two different sites tested positive at low levels for VHSV. All attempts to isolate virus in cell culture were unsuccessful. However, the presence of viral RNA was confirmed independently in five fish by using a nested PCR that targeted the glycoprotein (G) gene. Partial G gene sequences obtained from three fish were identical to the corresponding sequence from the original 2003 VHSV isolate (MI03) from muskellunge. These detections represent the earliest evidence for the presence of VHSV in Lake Superior and illustrate the utility of the highly sensitive qRT-PCR assay for disease surveillance in aquatic animals. C1 [Cornwell, Emily R.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Casey, Rufina N.; Bowser, Paul R.; Casey, James W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Eckerlin, Geofrey E.] SUNY Syracuse, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Thompson, Tarin M.; Batts, William N.; Kurath, Gael; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bain, Mark B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cornwell, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Upper Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erc58@cornell.edu OI Getchell, Rodman/0000-0003-4063-4668 FU USDA-APHIS [09-9136-1254-CA]; Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station [NYC-147446] FX We thank Mohd. Zafri Hassan for assistance in collecting fish; Lindsay Glasner, Camille Duhamel, Andrew Sylora, Jeffrey Tokman, Anthony Monroe, Mrinalini Modak, Randall Meyer, and Kristine Hope for help in dissecting fish; and Janet Warg at the NVSL (USDA-APHIS) for help in confirmatory testing of tissue samples. We are also indebted to the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan for providing scientific collection permits. This work was supported by USDA-APHIS (Agreement Number 09-9136-1254-CA) and by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (Project Number NYC-147446). The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Cornell University. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1080/08997659.2011.644411 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 881SO UT WOS:000299509000006 PM 22372249 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Phillips-Mao, L Quiram, G Sharpe, L Stark, R Sugita, S Weiler, A AF Larson, Diane L. Phillips-Mao, Laura Quiram, Gina Sharpe, Leah Stark, Rebecca Sugita, Shinya Weiler, Annie TI A framework for sustainable invasive species management Environmental, social, and economic objectives SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Invasive species; Management; Objectives; Sustainability ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; LEAFY SPURGE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PREVENTION STRATEGIES; WEED MANAGEMENT; PLANT INVASIONS; PEST-MANAGEMENT AB Applying the concept of sustainability to invasive species management (ISM) is challenging but necessary given the increasing rates of invasion and the high costs of invasion impacts and control To be sustainable ISM must address environmental social and economic factors (or pillars) that influence the causes impacts and control of invasive species across multiple spatial and temporal scales Although these pillars are generally acknowledged their implementation is often limited by insufficient control options and significant economic and political constraints In this paper we outline specific objectives in each of these three pillars that, if incorporated into a management plan will improve the plan s likelihood of sustainability We then examine three case studies that illustrate how these objectives can be effectively implemented Each pillar reinforces the others such that the inclusion of even a few of the outlined objectives will lead to more effective management that achieves ecological goals while generating social support and long-term funding to maintain projects to completion We encourage agency directors and policy-makers to consider sustainability principles when developing funding schemes management agendas and policy Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Phillips-Mao, Laura; Quiram, Gina; Sharpe, Leah; Stark, Rebecca; Sugita, Shinya; Weiler, Annie] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 93 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 11 U2 91 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.025 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682ZQ UT WOS:000284441900002 PM 20832931 ER PT J AU Hubbard, L Kolpin, DW Kalkhoff, SJ Robertson, DM AF Hubbard, L. Kolpin, D. W. Kalkhoff, S. J. Robertson, D. M. TI Nutrient and Sediment Concentrations and Corresponding Loads during the Historic June 2008 Flooding in Eastern Iowa SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; ILLINOIS; NITRATE; EXPORT AB A combination of above-normal precipitation during the winter and spring of 2007-2008 and extensive rainfall during June 2008 led to severe flooding in many parts of the midwestern United States. This resulted in transport of substantial amounts of nutrients and sediment from Iowa basins into the Mississippi River. Water samples were collected from 31 sites on six large Iowa tributaries to the Mississippi River to characterize water quality and to quantify nutrient and sediment loads during this extreme discharge event. Each sample was analyzed for total nitrogen, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, dissolved ammonia as nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, and suspended sediment. Concentrations measured near peak flow in June 2008 were compared with the corresponding mean concentrations from June 1979 to 2007 using a paired t test. While there was no consistent pattern in concentrations between historical samples and those from the 2008 flood, increased flow during the flood resulted in near-peak June 2008 flood daily loads that were statistically greater (p < 0.05) than the median June 1979 to 2007 daily loads for all constituents. Estimates of loads for the 16-d period during the flood were calculated for four major tributaries and totaled 4.95 x 10(7) kg of nitrogen (N) and 2.9 x 10(6) kg of phosphorus (P) leaving Iowa, which accounted for about 22 and 46% of the total average annual nutrient yield, respectively. This study demonstrates the importance of large flood events to the total annual nutrient load in both small streams and large rivers. C1 [Hubbard, L.; Kolpin, D. W.; Kalkhoff, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Robertson, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Hubbard, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. EM lhubbard@usgs.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596; Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 FU National Water-Quality Assessment Program; USGS Central Region and Headquarters; USGS FX The authors thank the USGS Iowa Water Science Center staff for their assistance in sample collection and gage preservation under difficult conditions. The authors also thank the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program and National Water-Quality Assessment Program for its support of this study. Additional support was provided by USGS Central Region and Headquarters. The authors thank Paul Capel and Claire Rose for their constructive comments to this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0257 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700DP UT WOS:000285715300019 PM 21488505 ER PT J AU Lorenz, OT O'Connell, MT Schofield, PJ AF Lorenz, O. Thomas O'Connell, Martin T. Schofield, Pamela J. TI Aggressive interactions between the invasive Rio Grande cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) and native bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), with notes on redspotted sunfish (Lepomis miniatus) SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aggression; Centrarchid; Cichlid invasive; Residence ID CONVICT CICHLIDS; CICHLASOMA-NIGROFASCIATUM; PRIOR RESIDENCE; SEQUENTIAL ASSESSMENT; SIZE; CONTESTS; EXPERIENCE; DEFENSE; FISHES; GROWTH AB The Rio Grande cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) has been established in the Greater New Orleans Metropolitan area for at least 20 years, and its effect on native fishes is unknown. Behavioral trials were performed to determine if aggressive interactions occur between invasive H. cyanoguttatus and native bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). When defending a territory as the resident, L. macrochirus were markedly aggressive, averaging 11.6 aggressive actions per 10-min behavioral trial. In contrast, L. macrochirus were extremely passive as invaders, with 0.5 aggressive actions per trial. Herichthys cyanoguttatus were equally aggressive as residents and as invaders, averaging 4.9 and 6.0 aggressive actions per trial, respectively. Herichthys cyanoguttatus interacted aggressively with native species whether they held territory or not, indicating that this invasive species may have fundamentally different strategies of aggression compared with native L. macrochirus. These differences may explain the continued success of H. cyanoguttatus as an invasive fish in southeastern Louisiana. C1 [Lorenz, O. Thomas; O'Connell, Martin T.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Lorenz, OT (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM otlorenz3@yahoo.com FU Louisiana Board of Regents; Coastal Restoration and Enhancement FX This research was supported by a Louisiana Board of Regents Graduate Student Fellowship and by a scholarship from the Coastal Restoration and Enhancement through Science and Technology program (CREST). Fishes were collected under Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Scientific Freshwater Collecting Permit # 64-2007 and handled in accordance with IACUC permit # UNO-171. We thank M.N. Taracena, J. Van Vrancken, C. S. Schieble, and A. M. U. O'Connell for help with fieldwork. J. Howard, F. Jordan and D. Slone provided valuable advice on experimental design and data analyses. We also thank R. C. Cashner, J. M. King, and S. L. Penland for their continued encouragement and support of these endeavors. This manuscript represents publication No. 5 for the Nekton Research Laboratory, Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10164-010-0219-z PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 700OS UT WOS:000285754300007 ER PT J AU von Biela, VR Zimmerman, CE Moulton, LL AF von Biela, V. R. Zimmerman, C. E. Moulton, L. L. TI Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beaufort Sea; climate proxy; Colville River; Mackenzie River; otolith; sea ice ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PRUDHOE BAY-REGION; BEAUFORT SEA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MACKENZIE RIVER; COLVILLE RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRESH-WATER; FOOD WEBS AB Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis young-of-year (YOY) growth was used as a proxy to examine the long-term response of a high-latitude fish population to changing climate from 1978 to 2004. YOY growth increased over time (r(2) = 0.29) and was correlated with monthly averages of the Arctic oscillation index, air temperature, east wind speed, sea-ice concentration and river discharge with and without time lags. Overall, the most prevalent correlates to YOY growth were sea-ice concentration lagged 1 year (significant correlations in 7 months; r(2) = 0.14-0.31) and Mackenzie River discharge lagged 2 years (significant correlations in 8 months; r(2) = 0.13-0.50). The results suggest that decreased sea-ice concentrations and increased river discharge fuel primary production and that life cycles of prey species linking increased primary production to fish growth are responsible for the time lag. Oceanographic studies also suggest that sea ice concentration and fluvial inputs from the Mackenzie River are key factors influencing productivity in the Beaufort Sea. Future research should assess the possible mechanism relating sea ice concentration and river discharge to productivity at upper trophic levels. (C) 2010 The Authors C1 [von Biela, V. R.; Zimmerman, C. E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Moulton, L. L.] MJM Res, Lopez Isl, WA 98261 USA. RP von Biela, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU U.S. Geological Survey and Minerals Management Service FX Sample collections for this report were made available to our laboratory by LGL Limited, ABR Inc. (J. Seigle), ConocoPhillips (Alaska), and Minerals Management Service (K. Wedemeyer). Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and Minerals Management Service. D. C. Douglas provided sea-ice concentration data and useful comments. L. Thorsteinson and B. Wells provided useful comments that improved this manuscript. We thank J. L. Nielsen for helpful discussions concerning C. autumnalis and this study. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 78 IS 1 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02832.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 706JH UT WOS:000286214100003 PM 21235545 ER PT J AU Grady, CA Gregg, JL Wade, RM Winton, JR Hershberger, PK AF Grady, C. A. Gregg, J. L. Wade, R. M. Winton, J. R. Hershberger, P. K. TI Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE fin explant; herd immunity; Pacific herring; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus; viral replication in excised fin tissues ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; IMMUNIZATION AB Procedures for a viral replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) assay were adapted to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, and optimized both to reduce processing time and to provide the greatest resolution between naive herring and those previously exposed to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), Genogroup IVa. The optimized procedures included removal of the left pectoral fin from a euthanized fish, inoculation of the fin with > 105 plaque-forming units (PFU) mL-1 VHSV for 1 h, rinsing the fin in fresh medium six times to remove unadsorbed virions, incubation of the fin in fresh medium for 4 days and enumeration of the viral titre in a sample of the incubation medium by plaque assay. The optimized VREFT assay was effective at identifying the prior exposure history of laboratory-reared Pacific herring to VHSV. The geometric mean VREFT value was significantly greater (P < 0.01) among naive herring (1.2 x 103 PFU mL-1) than among groups that survived exposure to VHSV (1.0-2.9 x 102 PFU mL-1); additionally, the proportion of cultures with no detectable virus was significantly greater (P = 0.0002) among fish that survived exposure to VHSV (39-47%) than among naive fish (3.3%). The optimized VREFT assay demonstrates promise for identifying VHSV exposure history and forecasting disease potential in populations of wild Pacific herring. C1 [Grady, C. A.; Gregg, J. L.; Wade, R. M.; Hershberger, P. K.] USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; U.S. Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program FX The authors acknowledge Dr M. Purcell (Western Fisheries Research Center) for providing immunological and methological insights. Technical assistance was provided by L. Taylor (Marrowstone Marine Field Station). Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 070819 and U.S. Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01210.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 700SV UT WOS:000285765500002 PM 21118270 ER PT J AU Goertz, CEC Mulcahy, DM AF Goertz, C. E. C. Mulcahy, D. M. TI Attempted surgical correction of single- and multiyear post-ovulatory egg stasis in yellow and red Irish lords, Hemilepidotus jordani (Bean) and Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (Tilesius) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE egg stasis; fish; Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus; Hemilepidotus jordani; Irish lord; surgery ID GREEN BLOOD-PLASMA; MARINE FISH C1 [Goertz, C. E. C.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Mulcahy, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Goertz, CEC (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM carrie_goertz@alaskasealife.org NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01214.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 700SV UT WOS:000285765500010 PM 21210549 ER PT J AU Buongiorno, J Raunikar, R Zhu, SSA AF Buongiorno, Joseph Raunikar, Ronald Zhu, Shushuai TI Consequences of increasing bioenergy demand on wood and forests: An application of the Global Forest Products Model SO JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Forest sector; Modeling; Bioenergy; Fuelwood; Wood products; Prices; Demand; Supply; Trade ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS AB The Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) was applied to project the consequences for the global forest sector of doubling the rate of growth of bioenergy demand relative to a base scenario, other drivers being maintained constant. The results showed that this would lead to the convergence of the price of fuelwood and industrial roundwood, raising the price of industrial roundwood by nearly 30% in 2030. The price of sawnwood and panels would be 15% higher. The price of paper would be 3% higher. Concurrently, the demand for all manufactured wood products would be lower in all countries, but the production would rise in countries with competitive advantage. The global value added in wood processing industries would be 1% lower in 2030. The forest stock would be 2% lower for the world and 4% lower for Asia. These effects varied substantially by country. (C) 2011 Department of Forest Economics, SLU Umea Sweden. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Buongiorno, Joseph; Zhu, Shushuai] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Raunikar, Ronald] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Buongiorno, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM jbuongio@wisc.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station FX The research leading to this paper was supported in part by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. We are grateful to Jeffrey P. Prestemon for his collaboration and review comments. Any remaining error is our sole responsibility. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1104-6899 J9 J FOREST ECON JI J. For. Econ. PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 SI SI BP 214 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jfe.2011.02.008 PG 16 WC Economics; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA 780ZI UT WOS:000291900000010 ER PT J AU Collins, BD Sitar, N AF Collins, Brian D. Sitar, Nicholas TI Stability of Steep Slopes in Cemented Sands SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Slope stability; Cemented sand; Limiting equilibrium; Tensile strength; Lidar; Cliffs; Failure mode ID CLIFF EROSION; LIQUEFACTION; CEMENTATION; CALIFORNIA; FRACTURE; SOILS; MODEL; SIZE AB The analysis of steep slope and cliff stability in variably cemented sands poses a significant practical challenge as routine analyses tend to underestimate the actually observed stability of existing slopes. The presented research evaluates how the degree of cementation controls the evolution of steep sand slopes and shows that the detailed slope geometry is important in determining the characteristics of the failure mode, which in turn, guide the selection of an appropriate stability analysis method. Detailed slope-profile cross sections derived from terrestrial lidar surveying of otherwise inaccessible cemented sand cliffs are used to investigate failure modes in weakly cemented [unconfined compressive strength (UCS) < 30 kPa] and moderately cemented (30 < UCS < 400 kPa) sands and their role in the evolution of the geometry of the slopes. The results show that high-resolution slope topography, such as can be obtained with terrestrial lidar, is essential for identifying altogether different failure modes in weakly cemented (shear-mode) and moderately cemented (tensile-mode) sand slopes. Analyses show that the standard Culmann method for steep slopes is inappropriate for modeling the stability of cemented sand slopes since it tends to overpredict expected crest retreat and underestimate failure plane angle. Instead, a simplified analysis using infinite slope assumptions, but applied to a slope with finite dimensions subject to changing geometric conditions, such as toe erosion and slope steepening, is suggested for analysis of weakly cemented sand slopes. For moderately cemented sand slopes, a limit equilibrium analysis directly comparing the cliff tensile stress and cemented sand tensile strength is shown to reasonably predict failure conditions and timing as a result of either slope steepening or tensile strength loss, presumably from wetting in most cases. C1 [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. [Sitar, Nicholas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Collins, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. EM bcollins@usgs.gov; sitar@ce.berkeley.edu OI Sitar, Nicholas/0000-0001-7253-5985 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology Team; University of California, Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative (CEQI); U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for initial stages of this research was provided by grants from the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology Team, the University of California, Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative (CEQI), and the U.S. Geological Survey, Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program. Reviews of initial drafts of this work by Jonathan Godt (USGS, Golden, Colorado) and Robert Kayen (USGS, Menlo Park, California) are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Joseph Labuz (Univ. of Minnesota) and four anonymous reviewers who provided important feedback on this paper upon submission. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000396 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 696YY UT WOS:000285478500004 ER PT J AU Denlinger, RP O'Connell, DRH AF Denlinger, Roger P. O'Connell, Daniel R. H. TI Closure to "Computing Nonhydrostatic Shallow-Water Flow over Steep Terrain" by Roger P. Denlinger and Daniel R. H. O'Connell SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Denlinger, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [O'Connell, Daniel R. H.] Fugro Lettis & Associates, Golden, CO USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. EM roger@usgs.gov; d.oconnell@fugro.com NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 1 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000305 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 696EM UT WOS:000285424700017 ER PT J AU Gibb, H Haver, C Kozlov, K Centeno, JA Jurgenson, V Kolker, A Conko, KM Landa, ER Xu, HN AF Gibb, Herman Haver, Cary Kozlov, Kostj Centeno, Jose A. Jurgenson, Vera Kolker, Allan Conko, Kathryn M. Landa, Edward R. Xu, Hanna TI Biomarkers of Mercury Exposure in Two Eastern Ukraine Cities SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE blood; dust; hair; mercury; nails; soil; urinary AB This study evaluates biomarkers of mercury exposure among residents of Horlivka, a city in eastern Ukraine located in an area with geologic and industrial sources of environmental mercury, and residents of Artemivsk, a nearby comparison city outside the mercury-enriched area. Samples of urine, blood, hair, and nails were collected from study participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in mines. Median biomarker mercury concentrations in Artemivsk were 0.26 g/g-Cr (urine), 0.92 g/L (blood), 0.42 g/g (hair), 0.11 g/g (toenails), and 0.09 g/g (fingernails); median concentrations in Horlivka were 0.15 g/g-Cr (urine), 1.01 g/L (blood), 0.14 g/g (hair), 0.31 g/g (toenails), and 0.31 g/g (fingernails). Biomarkers of mercury exposure for study participants from Horlivka and Artemivsk are low in comparison with occupationally exposed workers at a mercury recycling facility in Horlivka and in comparison with exposures known to be associated with clinical effects. Blood and urinary mercury did not suggest a higher mercury exposure among Horlivka residents as compared with Artemivsk; however, three individuals living in the immediate vicinity of the mercury mines had elevated blood and urinary mercury, relative to overall results for either city. For a limited number of residents from Horlivka (N = 7) and Artemivsk (N = 4), environmental samples (vacuum cleaner dust, dust wipes, soil) were collected from their residences. Mercury concentrations in vacuum cleaner dust and soil were good predictors of blood and urinary mercury. C1 [Gibb, Herman; Haver, Cary] Tetra Tech Sci, Arlington, VA USA. [Kozlov, Kostj] Ukraine Inst Occupat Hlth, Kiev, Ukraine. [Centeno, Jose A.; Xu, Hanna] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Jurgenson, Vera] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Kolker, Allan; Conko, Kathryn M.; Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Gibb, H (reprint author), 2200 Wilson Blvd,Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM Herman.Gibb@tetratech.com OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921 FU U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation [UKG1-2633] FX The authors would like to thank Boris Panov and Yuri Panov of the Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine; Volodymyr Mukhin, Donetsk Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Health, Donetsk, Ukraine; Chiemeka Chine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.; Suzette Morman, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado; and Joe Bunnell, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, for their help with this study. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers selected by the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. This study was supported, in part, by a Cooperative Grant (UKG1-2633) from the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 4 BP 187 EP 193 AR PII 934433311 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.556984 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 733IA UT WOS:000288255200002 PM 21391063 ER PT J AU Yang, X Pal, N Ackleh, AS Carter, J AF Yang, Xing Pal, Nabendu Ackleh, Azmy S. Carter, Jacoby TI A case study of green tree frog population size estimation by repeated capture-mark-recapture method with individual tagging: a parametric bootstrap method vs Jolly-Seber method SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE generalized hypergeometric distribution; parametric bootstrap; point estimation; interval estimation; coverage probability ID MODEL AB This paper deals with estimation of a green tree frog population in an urban setting using repeated capture-mark-recapture (CMR) method over several weeks with an individual tagging system which gives rise to a complicated generalization of the hypergeometric distribution. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation, a parametric bootstrap approach is adopted to obtain interval estimates of the weekly population size which is the main objective of our work. The method is computation-based; and programming intensive to implement the algorithm for re-sampling. This method can be applied to estimate the population size of any species based on repeated CMR method at multiple time points. Further, it has been pointed out that the well-known Jolly-Seber method, which is based on some strong assumptions, produces either unrealistic estimates, or may have situations where its assumptions are not valid for our observed data set. C1 [Yang, Xing; Pal, Nabendu; Ackleh, Azmy S.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Carter, Jacoby] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Pal, N (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM nxp3695@louisiana.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0718465, DUE-0531915] FX We would like to thank an anonymous referee, an Associate Editor and the Editor for many helpful comments and suggestions which have helped in improving presentation of our work. N. Pal and A. S. Ackleh were supported by the National Science Foundation Grants no. DMS-0718465 and DUE-0531915. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2011 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1879 EP 1895 DI 10.1080/00949655.2010.507764 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 884RY UT WOS:000299727100008 ER PT J AU Johnson, CJ McKenzie, D Pedersen, JA Aiken, JM AF Johnson, Christopher J. McKenzie, Debbie Pedersen, Joel A. Aiken, Judd M. TI Meat and Bone Meal and Mineral Feed Additives May Increase the Risk of Oral Prion Disease Transmission SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE; BENTONITE; MICROPARTICLES; INACTIVATION; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; ZEOLITES; PROTEIN; AGENTS AB Ingestion of prion-contaminated materials is postulated to be a primary route of prion disease transmission. Binding of prions to soil (micro)particles dramatically enhances peroral disease transmission relative to unbound prions, and it was hypothesized that micrometer-sized particles present in other consumed materials may affect prion disease transmission via the oral route of exposure. Small, insoluble particles are present in many substances, including soil, human foods, pharmaceuticals, and animal feeds. It is known that meat and bone meal (MBM), a feed additive believed responsible for the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), contains particles smaller than 20 mu m and that the pathogenic prion protein binds to MBM. The potentiation of disease transmission via the oral route by exposure to MBM or three micrometer-sized mineral feed additives was determined. Data showed that when the disease agent was bound to any of the tested materials, the penetrance of disease was increased compared to unbound prions. Our data suggest that in feed or other prion-contaminated substances consumed by animals or, potentially, humans, the addition of MBM or the presence of microparticles could heighten risks of prion disease acquisition. C1 [Aiken, Judd M.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada. [Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, Madison, WI USA. [McKenzie, Debbie] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Aiken, JM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada. EM jmaiken@ualberta.ca RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009; McKenzie, Debbie/G-4459-2015 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581; McKenzie, Debbie/0000-0002-9291-6977 FU U.S. Department of Defense [DAMD17-03-1-0369]; National Institutes of Health [1R01 NS600341] FX We thank Dr. Carl Parsons (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) for the generous gift of MBM, Dr. Richard Rubenstein (SUNY Downstate Medical Center) for the gift of the 3F4 monoclonal antibody, Kartik Kumar for bibliographic assistance, and Drs. Julia Rodriguez-Ramos and Diego Calderon for their comments on the article. This work was supported in part by grants from the U.S. Department of Defense (DAMD17-03-1-0369) and National Institutes of Health (1R01 NS600341). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 161 EP 166 AR PII 931920802 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.529066 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 714PV UT WOS:000286822400011 PM 21218345 ER PT J AU Rogers, KG Robinson, SJ Samuel, MD Grear, DA AF Rogers, Kip G. Robinson, Stacie J. Samuel, Michael D. Grear, Daniel A. TI DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF WHITE-TAILED DEER mtDNA LINEAGES IN CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE (CWD) OUTBREAK AREAS IN SOUTHERN WISCONSIN, USA SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ANALYSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATION-GENETICS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; CONSERVATION; RELATEDNESS; DISTANCES AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting North American cervids. Because it is uniformly fatal, the disease is a major concern in the management of white-tailed deer populations. Management programs to control CWD require improved knowledge of deer interaction, movement, and population connectivity that could influence disease transmission and spread. Genetic methods were employed to evaluate connectivity among populations in the CWD management zone of southern Wisconsin. A 576-base-pair region of the mitochondrial DNA of 359 white-tailed deer from 12 sample populations was analyzed. Fifty-eight variable sites were detected within the sequence, defining 43 haplotypes. While most sample populations displayed similar levels of haplotype diversity, individual haplotypes were clustered on the landscape. Spatial clusters of different haplotypes were apparent in distinct ecoregions surrounding CWD outbreak areas. The spatial distribution of mtDNA haplotypes suggests that clustering of the deer matrilineal groups and population connectivity are associated with broad-scale geographic landscape features. These landscape characteristics may also influence the contact rates between groups and therefore the potential spread of CWD; this may be especially true of local disease spread between female social groups. Our results suggest that optimal CWD management needs to be tailored to fit gender-specific dispersal behaviors and regional differences in deer population connectivity. This information will help wildlife managers design surveillance and monitoring efforts based on population interactions and potential deer movement among CWD-affected and unaffected areas. C1 [Rogers, Kip G.; Robinson, Stacie J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Grear, Daniel A.] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Robinson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 208 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM stacie.j.robinson@gmail.com OI Grear, Daniel/0000-0002-5478-1549 NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 22-24 SI SI BP 1521 EP 1535 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.618980 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 865PL UT WOS:000298322700008 PM 22043912 ER PT J AU Case, BW Abraham, JL Meeker, G Pooley, FD Pinkerton, KE AF Case, B. W. Abraham, J. L. Meeker, G. Pooley, F. D. Pinkerton, K. E. TI APPLYING DEFINITIONS OF "ASBESTOS" TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND "LOW-DOSE" EXPOSURE LEVELS AND HEALTH EFFECTS, PARTICULARLY MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID QUEBEC CHRYSOTILE MINERS; INTERNATIONAL-MINERALOGICAL-ASSOCIATION; FORMER CROCIDOLITE WORKERS; PAST OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; 1891-1920 BIRTH COHORT; MADE VITREOUS FIBERS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; LUNG-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA AB Although asbestos research has been ongoing for decades, this increased knowledge has not led to consensus in many areas of the field. Two such areas of controversy include the specific definitions of asbestos, and limitations in understanding exposure-response relationships for various asbestos types and exposure levels and disease. This document reviews the current regulatory and mineralogical definitions and how variability in these definitions has led to difficulties in the discussion and comparison of both experimental laboratory and human epidemiological studies for asbestos. This review also examines the issues of exposure measurement in both animal and human studies, and discusses the impact of these issues on determination of cause for asbestos-related diseases. Limitations include the lack of detailed characterization and limited quantification of the fibers in most studies. Associated data gaps and research needs are also enumerated in this review. C1 [Case, B. W.] McGill Univ, Dept Pathol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. [Case, B. W.] McGill Univ, Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. [Abraham, J. L.] SUNY Syracuse, Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY USA. [Meeker, G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pooley, F. D.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet Haematol & Pathol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Pinkerton, K. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Case, BW (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Pathol, 1650 Cedar Ave,Room C3-157, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. EM bruce.case@mcgill.ca FU NIEHS workshop; EPA; NCI of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Quebec and American Lung Associations; Quebec National Institute for Public Health (INSPQ); U. S. EPA; American Lung Association FX The authors thank Dr. Phil Cook, Dr. Ron Dodson, Dr. Ann Aust, Dr. Urmila Kodavanti, and Amy Madl for an in-depth review and discussion of this document. This state-of-the-science review document was created in support of the NIEHS workshop "Asbestos: A Science-Based Examination of the Mode of Action of Asbestos and Related Mineral Fibers." However, the views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views and/or policies of the federal agencies involved in its production (U. S. Geological Society, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). Dr. Case has acted and/or is currently acting as an expert witness or consultant for law firms representing defendants and plaintiffs in asbestos litigation and compensation board proceedings, and has been a paid and unpaid consultant to regulatory and medical agencies and compensation boards in North America, including but not limited to the U. S. EPA, ATSDR, ATS, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and individual and collective citizen groups concerned with asbestos exposure and disease. He has also received (and is likely to apply in the future for) competitive-funding research grants from U.S. and Canadian publicly financed, peer-reviewed grant approval process agencies concerning asbestos exposure and disease, including topics covered in all aspects of the workshop, including but not limited to research support from EPA, NCI of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (formerly Medical Research Council of Canada), Quebec and American Lung Associations, and the Quebec National Institute for Public Health (INSPQ). Dr. Abraham has acted and/or is currently acting as an expert witness or consultant for law firms representing plaintiffs and defendants in asbestos litigation and compensation board proceedings, and has been a paid and unpaid consultant to regulatory and medical agencies and compensation boards in North America, including but not limited to the U. S. EPA, ATSDR, ATS, NGOs, and individual and collective citizen groups concerned with asbestos exposure and disease. He has also received (and may also apply in future for) competitive-funding research grants from U. S. publicly financed, peer-reviewed grant approval process agencies concerning asbestos exposure and disease, including topics covered in all aspects of the workshop, including but not limited to research support from the U. S. EPA and American Lung Association. NR 259 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 EI 1521-6950 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 3 EP 39 DI 10.1080/10937404.2011.556045 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 757LY UT WOS:000290087900002 PM 21534084 ER PT J AU Johnson, K Miller, I Stucky, R Pigati, J Holen, S AF Johnson, Kirk Miller, Ian Stucky, Richard Pigati, Jeffrey Holen, Steven TI ZIEGLER RESERVOIR AND THE SNOWMASTODON PROJECT: OVERVIEW AND GEOLOGIC SETTING OF A RECENTLY DISCOVERED SERIES OF HIGH-ELEVATION PLEISTOCENE (SANGAMONIAN) ECOSYSTEMS NEAR SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Kirk; Miller, Ian; Stucky, Richard; Holen, Steven] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700370 ER PT J AU Parker, W Martz, J Dubiel, R AF Parker, William Martz, Jeffrey Dubiel, Russell TI A NEWLY RECOGNIZED SPECIMEN OF THE PHYTOSAUR REDONDASAURUS FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OWL ROCK MEMBER (CHINLE FORMATION) AND ITS BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parker, William] Petrified Forest Natl Pk, Petrified Forest, AZ USA. [Martz, Jeffrey] House Bones, Poncha Springs, CO USA. [Dubiel, Russell] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700561 ER PT J AU Reynolds, R Miller, D Woodburne, M Albright, L AF Reynolds, Robert Miller, David Woodburne, Michael Albright, L., III TI GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT OF THE BARSTOW FORMATION, CENTRAL MOJAVE DESERT SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reynolds, Robert] Consulting Paleontologist, Redlands, CA USA. [Miller, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Woodburne, Michael] UC Riverside, Riverside, CA USA. [Albright, L., III] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700596 ER PT J AU Springer, K Manker, C Scott, E Pigati, J Mahan, S AF Springer, Kathleen Manker, Craig Scott, Eric Pigati, Jeffrey Mahan, Shannon TI GEOCHRONOLOGIC AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE TULE SPRINGS LOCAL FAUNA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Springer, Kathleen; Manker, Craig; Scott, Eric] San Bernardino Cty Museum, Redlands, CA USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey; Mahan, Shannon] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2011 VL 31 SU 2 SI SI BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V27IU UT WOS:000208607700701 ER PT J AU Vernati, G Edwards, WH Rocke, TE Little, SF Andrews, GP AF Vernati, G. Edwards, W. H. Rocke, T. E. Little, S. F. Andrews, G. P. TI ANTIGENIC PROFILING OF YERSINIA PESTIS INFECTION IN THE WYOMING COYOTE (CANIS LATRANS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Coyote; IVIAT; plague; serology; Yersinia pestis ID EXPERIMENTAL PLAGUE INFECTION; OUTER PROTEINS; MICE; CLUSTERS; EFFICACY; DISEASES; GENE; FLIP AB Although Yersinia pestis is classified as a "high-virulence" pathogen, some host species are variably susceptible to disease. Coyotes (Canis latrans) exhibit mild, if any, symptoms during infection, but antibody production occurs postinfection. This immune response has been reported to be against the F1 capsule, although little subsequent characterization has been conducted. To further define the nature of coyote humoral immunity to plague, qualitative serology was conducted to assess the antiplague antibody repertoire. Humoral responses to six plasmid-encoded Y. pestis virulence factors were first examined. Of 20 individual immune coyotes, 90% were reactive to at least one other antigen in the panel other than F1. The frequency of reactivity to low calcium response plasmid (pLcr)-encoded Yersinia protein kinase A (YpkA) and Yersinia outer protein D (YopD) was significantly greater than that previously observed in a murine model for plague. Additionally, both V antigen and plasminogen activator were reactive with over half of the serum samples tested. Reactivity to F1 was markedly less frequent in coyotes (35%). Twenty previously tested antibody-negative samples were also examined. While the majority were negative across the panel, 1.5% were positive for 1-3 non-F1. antigens. In vivo induced antigen technology employed to identify novel chromosomal genes of Y. pestis that are up-regulated during infection resulted in the identification of five proteins, including a flagellar component (FliP) that was uniquely reactive with the coyote serum compared with immune serum from two other host species. Collectively, these data suggest that humoral immunity to pLcr-encoded antigens and the pesticin plasmid (pPst)-encoded Pla antigen may be relevant to plague resistance in coyotes. The serologic profile of Y. pestis chromosomal antigens up-regulated in vivo specific to C. latrans may provide insight into the differences in the pathogen-host responses during Y. pestis infection. C1 [Vernati, G.; Andrews, G. P.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Edwards, W. H.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Wildlife Dis Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Rocke, T. E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Little, S. F.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Andrews, GP (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM gandrews@uwyo.edu OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 720KS UT WOS:000287280200003 PM 21269993 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Koneff, MD Heglund, PJ Knutson, MG Seamans, ME Lyons, JE Morton, JM Jones, MT Boomer, GS Williams, BK AF Nichols, James D. Koneff, Mark D. Heglund, Patricia J. Knutson, Melinda G. Seamans, Mark E. Lyons, James E. Morton, John M. Jones, Malcolm T. Boomer, G. Scott Williams, Byron K. TI Climate Change, Uncertainty, and Natural Resource Management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; climate change; nonstationarity; structured decision-making; uncertainty ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; WATERFOWL; POPULATIONS; OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; MALLARDS; HARVESTS; TIME; NEED AB Climate change and its associated uncertainties are of concern to natural resource managers. Although aspects of climate change may be novel (e.g., system change and nonstationarity), natural resource managers have long dealt with uncertainties and have developed corresponding approaches to decision-making. Adaptive resource management is an application of structured decision-making for recurrent decision problems with uncertainty, focusing on management objectives, and the reduction of uncertainty over time. We identified 4 types of uncertainty that characterize problems in natural resource management. We examined ways in which climate change is expected to exacerbate these uncertainties, as well as potential approaches to dealing with them. As a case study, we examined North American waterfowl harvest management and considered problems anticipated to result from climate change and potential solutions. Despite challenges expected to accompany the use of adaptive resource management to address problems associated with climate change, we conclude that adaptive resource management approaches will be the methods of choice for managers trying to deal with the uncertainties of climate change. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Koneff, Mark D.; Seamans, Mark E.; Lyons, James E.; Boomer, G. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.; Knutson, Melinda G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat Resources Refuge Biol, La Crosse, WI USA. [Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Williams, Byron K.] US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 6 EP 18 DI 10.1002/jwmg.33 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200003 ER PT J AU Jeffress, MR Paukert, CP Sandercock, BK Gipson, PS AF Jeffress, Mackenzie R. Paukert, Craig P. Sandercock, Brett K. Gipson, Philip S. TI Factors Affecting Detectability of River Otters During Sign Surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE detection probability; Kansas; Lontra canadensis; river otter; scat; sign surveys; tracks ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; LUTRA-LUTRA POPULATIONS; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; AERIAL SURVEYS; SNOW TRACKS; CANADENSIS; HABITAT; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS AB Sign surveys are commonly used to study and monitor wildlife species but may be flawed when surveys are conducted only once and cover short distances, which can lead to a lack of accountability for false absences. Multiple observers surveyed for river otter (Lontra canadensis) scat and tracks along stream and reservoir shorelines at 110 randomly selected sites in eastern Kansas from January to April 2008 and 2009 to determine if detection probability differed among substrates, sign types, observers, survey lengths, and near access points. We estimated detection probabilities (p) of river otters using occupancy models in Program PRESENCE. Mean detection probability for a 400-m survey was highest in mud substrates (p = 0.60) and lowest in snow (p = 0.18) and leaf litter substrates (p = 0.27). Scat had a higher detection probability (p = 0.53) than tracks (p = 0.18), and experienced observers had higher detection probabilities (p > 0.71) than novice observers (p < 0.55). Detection probabilities increased almost 3-fold as survey length increased from 200 m to 1,000 m, and otter sign was not concentrated near access points. After accounting for imperfect detection, our estimates of otter site occupancy based on a 400-m survey increased >3-fold, providing further evidence of the potential negative bias that can occur in estimates from sign surveys when imperfect detection is not addressed. Our study identifies areas for improvement in sign survey methodologies and results are applicable for sign surveys commonly used for many species across a range of habitats. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gipson, Philip S.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Jeffress, MR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jeffress@uidaho.edu RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University FX We thank Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and the Kansas State University for funding our research. J. Whittier provided technical assistance with analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS). M. Jeffress and K. Blecha were field technicians, and B. Tristch served as an undergraduate researcher. We also appreciate the Kansas landowners that granted us permission to access survey sites. This manuscript benefited from reviews by C. Allen, D. Otis, and T. Rodhouse. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1002/jwmg.12 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 729GR UT WOS:000287937200019 ER PT J AU Gosch, NJC Pope, KL AF Gosch, N. J. C. Pope, K. L. TI Using consumption rate to assess potential predators for biological control of white perch SO KNOWLEDGE AND MANAGEMENT OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biological control; predation; consumption rate; white perch; Morone americana ID FOOD-WEB MANIPULATION; EUTROPHIC LAKE WIRBEL; FRESH-WATER FISHES; NORTHERN PIKE; YELLOW PERCH; PREY SIZE; WALLEYE; RESERVOIR; BIOMANIPULATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Control of undesirable fishes is important in aquatic systems, and using predation as a tool for biological control is an attractive option to fishery biologists. However, determining the appropriate predators for biological control is critical for success. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of consumption rate as an index to determine the most effective predators for biological control of an invasive fish. Consumption rate values were calculated for nine potential predators that prey on white perch Morone americana in Branched Oak and Pawnee reservoirs, Nebraska. The consumption rate index provided a unique and insightful means of determining the potential effectiveness of each predator species in controlling white perch. Cumulative frequency distributions facilitated interpretation by providing a graphical presentation of consumption rates by all individuals within each predator species. Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, walleye Sander vitreus and sauger S. canadensis were the most efficient white perch predators in both reservoirs; however, previous attempts to increase biomass of these predators have failed suggesting that successful biological control is unlikely using existing predator species in these Nebraska reservoirs. C1 [Gosch, N. J. C.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gosch, N. J. C.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gosch, N. J. C.] USA Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gosch, NJC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Nathan.J.Gosch@usace.army.mil RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Special thanks to J. Stittle, L. Pierce, J. Walrath, D. Martin, C. Lewis and T. Barada for field and laboratory assistance. C. Huber, M. Pegg and R. Holland provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1961-9502 J9 KNOWL MANAG AQUAT EC JI Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst. PY 2011 IS 403 AR 02 DI 10.1051/kmae/2011028 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 879DV UT WOS:000299310800003 ER PT J AU Jones, JR Knowlton, MF Obrecht, DV Graham, JL AF Jones, John R. Knowlton, Matthew F. Obrecht, Daniel V. Graham, Jennifer L. TI Temperature and oxygen in Missouri reservoirs SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; fish habitat; Missouri; oxygen depletion; reservoir; temperature ID STRIPED BASS; UNITED-STATES; SIMPLE-MODEL; GREAT-LAKES; NUTRIENTS; DEPTH; STRATIFICATION; FISH; CLASSIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB Vertical profiles of water temperature (n = 7193) and dissolved oxygen (n = 6516) were collected from 235 Missouri reservoirs during 1989-2007; most data were collected during May-August and provide a regional summary of summer conditions. Collectively, surface water temperature ranged from a mean of 22 C in May to 28 C in July, and individual summer maxima typically were 28-32 C. Most (95%) reservoirs stably stratify by mid-May, but few are deep enough to have hypolimnia with near-uniform temperatures. Among stratified reservoirs, maximum effective length and maximum depth accounted for 75% of the variation in mixed depth and thermocline depth. Ephemeral, near-surface thermoclines occurred in 39% of summer profiles and were most frequent in small, turbid reservoirs. Isotherms below the mixed layer deepen during stratification, and the water column is 20 C by August in all but the deepest reservoirs. Most reservoirs showed incipient dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion by mid-May, and by August, 80% of profiles had DO minima of 1 mg/L. Surface area and chlorophyll (Chl) explained 37% of variation in the earliest date of anoxia, and Chl explained 50% of variation in DO below the mixed layer during summer. Warm summer temperatures and widespread low DO often limit available fish habitat in Missouri reservoirs and compress warm-water fish communities into subsurface layers that exceed their thermal preferences. This study provides a regional baseline of reservoir temperature and oxygen conditions useful for future evaluations of eutrophication and the effects of a warming climate. C1 [Jones, John R.; Knowlton, Matthew F.; Obrecht, Daniel V.; Graham, Jennifer L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Jones, JR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jonesj@missouri.edu NR 36 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 AR PII 938726920 DI 10.1080/07438141.2011.583713 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 780KE UT WOS:000291853900007 ER PT J AU Kraus, TEC Bergamaschi, BA Hernes, PJ Doctor, D Kendall, C Downing, BD Losee, RF AF Kraus, T. E. C. Bergamaschi, B. A. Hernes, P. J. Doctor, D. Kendall, C. Downing, B. D. Losee, R. F. TI How reservoirs alter drinking water quality: Organic matter sources, sinks, and transformations SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE algae; disinfection by-products; dissolved organic carbon; dissolved organic matter; haloacetic acids; trihalomethanes; water quality ID BY-PRODUCT PRECURSORS; TRIHALOMETHANE FORMATION; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; LIGNIN PHENOLS; CARBON; RIVER; ALGAE; PLANT; REACTIVITY; RATIOS AB Kraus TEC, Bergamaschi BA, Hernes PJ, Doctor D, Kendall C, Downing BD, Losee RF. 2011. How reservoirs alter drinking water quality: Organic matter sources, sinks, and transformations. Lake Reserv Manage. 27: 205-219. Within reservoirs, production, transformation, and loss of dissolved organic matter (DOM) occur simultaneously. While the balance between production and loss determines whether a reservoir is a net sink or source of DOM, changes in chemical composition are also important because they affect DOM reactivity with respect to disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. The composition of the DOM pool also provides insight into DOM sources and processing, which can inform reservoir management. We examined the concentration and composition of DOM in San Luis Reservoir, a large off-stream impoundment of the California State Water Project. We used a wide array of DOM chemical tracers including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation potentials (THMFP and HAAFP, respectively), absorbance properties, isotopic composition, lignin phenol content, and structural groupings determined by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). There were periods when the reservoir was a net source of DOC due to the predominance of algal production (summer), a net sink due to the predominance of degradation (fall-winter), and balanced between production and consumption (spring). Despite only moderate variation in bulk DOC concentration (3.0-3.6 mg C/L), changes in DOM composition indicated that terrestrial-derived material entering the reservoir was being degraded and replaced by aquatic-derived DOM produced within the reservoir. Substantial changes in the propensity of the DOM pool to form THMs and HAAs illustrate that the DBP precursor pool was not directly coupled to bulk DOC concentration and indicate that algal production is an important source of DBP precursors. Results suggest reservoirs have the potential to attenuate DOM amount and reactivity with respect to DBP precursors via degradative processes; however, these benefits can be decreased or even negated by the production of algal-derived DOM. [ Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Lake and Reservoir Management to view the supplemental file.] C1 [Kraus, T. E. C.; Bergamaschi, B. A.; Downing, B. D.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Hernes, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Doctor, D.; Kendall, C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Losee, R. F.] Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. RP Kraus, TEC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tkraus@usgs.gov RI Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012; OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU CALFED; USGS FX We gratefully acknowledge Sue Bird, Connie Clapton, Kathryn Crepeau, Travis von Dessonneck, Robert Eckard, Jacob Fleck, Rachael Dyda, Miranda Fram, Brian Pellerin, John Franco Saraceno, Steve Silva, Lisa Wandzel, Ping Yu, Sikha Kundu, Tiffany Lee, and Jacob Nikonchuk for their help with field work, laboratory analyses, and data processing. We thank Steven Opsahl, Mathew Miller, and 3 anonymous reviewers for providing insightful reviews of this manuscript. This study was funded by a grant from the CALFED Drinking Water Quality Program as well as by USGS Federal Matching funds. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 56 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0743-8141 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1080/07438141.2011.597283 PG 15 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 881IP UT WOS:000299477100003 ER PT B AU Daucsavage, J Kaminski, M Ramachandran, B Jenkerson, C Sprenger, K Faust, R Rockvam, T AF Daucsavage, John Kaminski, Marilyn Ramachandran, Bhaskar Jenkerson, Caili Sprenger, Karla Faust, Ron Rockvam, Tamara BE Ramachandran, B Justice, CO Abrams, MJ TI ASTER and MODIS Land Data Management at the Land Processes, and National Snow and Ice Data Centers SO LAND REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: NASA'S EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM AND THE SCIENCE OF ASTER AND MODIS SE Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Daucsavage, John] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Kaminski, Marilyn] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr DAAC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ramachandran, Bhaskar; Jenkerson, Caili; Sprenger, Karla; Faust, Ron; Rockvam, Tamara] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, NASA LP DAAC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Daucsavage, J (reprint author), USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jdaucs@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4419-6748-0 J9 REMOTE SENS DIGIT IM PY 2011 VL 11 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSG06 UT WOS:000284351600008 ER PT S AU Keeley, JE Franklin, J D'Antonio, C AF Keeley, Jon E. Franklin, Janet D'Antonio, Carla BE McKenzie, D Miller, C Falk, DA TI Fire and Invasive Plants on California Landscapes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF FIRE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION PATTERNS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; NATIVE SHRUB C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Environm Studies Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning & Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk,47050 Gen Hwy, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov; janet.franklin@asu.edu; dantonio@lifesci.ucsb.edu NR 115 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-94-007-0300-1 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2011 VL 213 BP 193 EP 221 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0301-8 PG 29 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTE39 UT WOS:000286640000008 ER PT B AU Ludington, S Ayuso, RA Hammarstrom, JM Zientek, ML Qiu, RZ AF Ludington, Steve Ayuso, Robert A. Hammarstrom, Jane M. Zientek, Michael L. Qiu, Ruizhao BE Barra, F Reich, M Campos, E Tornos, F TI Non-subduction porphyry copper deposits: a comparison between Asia and North America SO LET'S TALK ORE DEPOSITS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th SGA Biennial Meeting on Let's Talk Ore Deposits CY SEP 26-29, 2011 CL Univ Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, CHILE SP Minera Escondida, Grp Antofagasta Minerals, Bhpbilliton, Pampa Norte, Votorantim Metais, Barrick Zaldivar, Teck, Collahuasi, YamanaGold, Atacama Pacific, MMG, Anglogold Ashanti, Abra, Guinez Ingenieria Ltda HO Univ Catolica del Norte DE porphyry copper; Tethys; North America; subduction; extension ID CHINA AB Most porphyry copper deposits worldwide are the products of arc magmatism related to subduction of oceanic lithosphere, but many deposits not directly related to subduction are now recognized in eastern Tethys (China, Vietnam, Iran, Pakistan), in the southwest Pacific (Papua New Guinea, Fiji), and in the North American Pacific margin (United States). These deposits are associated with magmas that have similar compositions to those in oceanic and continental arcs, but formed by the partial melting of metasomatized lower crustal rocks in response to a variety of post-subduction processes. In western China and northern Vietnam, three belts of deposits are known (Yulong, Ailoshan-Red River, Gangdese); all are spatially distributed in distinct linear or curvilinear patterns related to extensional or transcurrent structures. In the western United States, deposits are more widely distributed and structural control is not prominent. Analysis of the distinct distribution patterns in western China may lead to recognition of new exploration models for porphyry copper in the western United States. C1 [Ludington, Steve] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ludington, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDICIONES UNIV CATOLICA NORTE PI ANTOFAGASTA PA AV ANGAMOS 0610, ANTOFAGASTA, 00000, CHILE BN 978-956-287-329-1 PY 2011 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BCC35 UT WOS:000309699400010 ER PT B AU Anderson, E Kelley, K Bedrosian, P Hitzman, M Monecke, T Hart, CJR Lang, J AF Anderson, Eric Kelley, Karen Bedrosian, Paul Hitzman, Murray Monecke, Thomas Hart, Craig J. R. Lang, James BE Barra, F Reich, M Campos, E Tornos, F TI Geophysical and geochemical mapping as a guide to regional exploration near the Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, southwestern Alaska SO LET'S TALK ORE DEPOSITS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th SGA Biennial Meeting on Let's Talk Ore Deposits CY SEP 26-29, 2011 CL Univ Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, CHILE SP Minera Escondida, Grp Antofagasta Minerals, Bhpbilliton, Pampa Norte, Votorantim Metais, Barrick Zaldivar, Teck, Collahuasi, YamanaGold, Atacama Pacific, MMG, Anglogold Ashanti, Abra, Guinez Ingenieria Ltda HO Univ Catolica del Norte DE porphyry; epithermal; reduced intrusion-related gold; Alaska; aeromagnetics AB The Pebble district in southwest Alaska hosts Late Cretaceous to Tertiary igneous rocks. The Dillingham northeast area, 50 km west of the Pebble district, hosts similar age igneous rocks. This study compares geochemical and geophysical signatures of these two areas. At least four periods of magmatic activity are recognized in the Pebble district. The igneous rocks associated with the Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit are both alkaline and calc-alkaline in character. These rocks are also rich in potassium and highly oxidized. In addition to porphyry mineralization, the Pebble district hosts younger, low-sulfidation epithermal-style mineralization that is associated with Tertiary bimodal volcanic rocks. The Dillingham northeast area lacks known occurrences of either porphyry- or epithermal-style mineralization. Alkalic igneous rocks are absent. All intrusive rocks in the Dillingham northeast area are calc-alkaline in character and rich in potassium. A bimodal volcanic suite is recognized. The igneous rocks associated with the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit show distinctive, positive magnetic anomalies not present in the Dillingham area. The younger igneous rocks mapped in both areas show similar geochemistry and magnetic anomalies. Geophysical anomalies suggest igneous rocks similar to those associated with the Pebble deposit are present elsewhere in the region. C1 [Anderson, Eric; Kelley, Karen; Bedrosian, Paul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anderson, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Monecke, Thomas/E-9131-2014 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDICIONES UNIV CATOLICA NORTE PI ANTOFAGASTA PA AV ANGAMOS 0610, ANTOFAGASTA, 00000, CHILE BN 978-956-287-329-1 PY 2011 BP 353 EP 355 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BCC35 UT WOS:000309699400115 ER PT B AU Kelley, KD Eppinger, RG Lang, J AF Kelley, Karen Duttweiler Eppinger, Robert G. Lang, James BE Barra, F Reich, M Campos, E Tornos, F TI Exploration of porphyry copper deposits using indicator minerals in till: case study from the Pebble Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Southwest Alaska, USA SO LET'S TALK ORE DEPOSITS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th SGA Biennial Meeting on Let's Talk Ore Deposits CY SEP 26-29, 2011 CL Univ Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, CHILE SP Minera Escondida, Grp Antofagasta Minerals, Bhpbilliton, Pampa Norte, Votorantim Metais, Barrick Zaldivar, Teck, Collahuasi, YamanaGold, Atacama Pacific, MMG, Anglogold Ashanti, Abra, Guinez Ingenieria Ltda HO Univ Catolica del Norte DE Pebble; porphyry; southwest Alaska; indicator minerals AB The porphyry copper indicator mineral (PCIM (R)) method was recently applied at the Pebble porphyry deposit. Andradite garnet, Mn-epidote, gold and jarosite are the most useful PCIMs in till samples. Samples near Pebble contain 10-20 grains/10 kg of garnet, whereas samples with the most grains (>40) occur southwest in close proximity to smaller deposits with associated skarn mineralization. The distribution of Mn-epidote mimics that of garnet. All samples collected contain some gold. However, tills immediately west and down-ice of Pebble contain 3-30 times more gold, and the overall number of grains decreases in the down-ice direction. Furthermore, samples near Pebble contain mostly pristine and modified grains whereas distal samples have primarily re-shaped grains. Most gold in the deposit is contained in chalcopyrite; therefore, the pristine grains likely reflect liberation during in situ weathering of transported chalcopyrite grains. Jarosite is abundant in samples adjacent to and down-ice of Pebble and near smaller occurrences to the southwest. Most jarosite grains are detrital and preliminary age dates (>5 Ma) suggest it formed prior to glaciation. Overall, the results indicate that PCIMs are useful for exploration of porphyry deposits in southwest Alaska. C1 [Kelley, Karen Duttweiler; Eppinger, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDICIONES UNIV CATOLICA NORTE PI ANTOFAGASTA PA AV ANGAMOS 0610, ANTOFAGASTA, 00000, CHILE BN 978-956-287-329-1 PY 2011 BP 362 EP 364 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BCC35 UT WOS:000309699400118 ER PT B AU Slack, JF Johnson, CA Lund, KI Schulz, KJ Causey, JD AF Slack, John F. Johnson, Craig A. Lund, Karen I. Schulz, Klaus J. Causey, J. Douglas BE Barra, F Reich, M Campos, E Tornos, F TI A new model for Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks: an IOCG connection? SO LET'S TALK ORE DEPOSITS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th SGA Biennial Meeting on Let's Talk Ore Deposits CY SEP 26-29, 2011 CL Univ Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, CHILE SP Minera Escondida, Grp Antofagasta Minerals, Bhpbilliton, Pampa Norte, Votorantim Metais, Barrick Zaldivar, Teck, Collahuasi, YamanaGold, Atacama Pacific, MMG, Anglogold Ashanti, Abra, Guinez Ingenieria Ltda HO Univ Catolica del Norte DE cobalt; copper; gold; metasedimentary rocks; Mesoproterozoic; iron oxide-copper-gold; IOCG ID ORES AB A compilation of data on Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks worldwide refines previous descriptive occurrence models. The Co-Cu-Au deposits contain disseminated to semi-massive Co-bearing sulphide minerals, with associated Fe- and Cu-bearing sulphides and variable gold content, predominantly in rift-related, siliciclastic rocks of Mesoproterozoic age. Some deposits have appreciable Ag +/- Bi +/- W +/- Ni +/- Y rare earth elements (REE) +/- U. Deposit geometry includes stratabound and stratiform layers, lenses, and veins, and/or discordant veins and breccias. The ore minerals are mainly cobaltite, skutterudite, glaucodot, chalcopyrite, with local gold, accompanied by minor arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, and bismuth; some deposits have appreciable tetrahedrite, uraninite, monazite, allanite, xenotime, or molybdenite. Magnetite can be abundant in breccias, veins, or stratabound lenses within ore or country rocks. Gangue minerals include quartz, biotite, muscovite, K-feldspar, albite, chlorite, tourmaline, and scapolite. Altered wall rocks typically contain abundant biotite or albite. Felsic or mafic plutons are spatially associated with many of the deposits, and may be contemporaneous with, and involved in, ore formation. A post-diagenetic, epigenetic hydrothermal model, with possible links to IOCG deposits, is proposed. C1 [Slack, John F.; Schulz, Klaus J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDICIONES UNIV CATOLICA NORTE PI ANTOFAGASTA PA AV ANGAMOS 0610, ANTOFAGASTA, 00000, CHILE BN 978-956-287-329-1 PY 2011 BP 489 EP 491 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA BCC35 UT WOS:000309699400160 ER PT J AU Griffiths, JR Schindler, DE Balistrieri, LS Ruggerone, GT AF Griffiths, Jennifer R. Schindler, Daniel E. Balistrieri, Laurie S. Ruggerone, Gregory T. TI Effects of simultaneous climate change and geomorphic evolution on thermal characteristics of a shallow Alaskan lake SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; JUVENILE SOCKEYE; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATURE; HABITAT; PONDS; FISH AB We used a hydrodynamics model to assess the consequences of climate warming and contemporary geomorphic evolution for thermal conditions in a large, shallow Alaskan lake. We evaluated the effects of both known climate and landscape change, including rapid outlet erosion and migration of the principal inlet stream, over the past 50 yr as well as future scenarios of geomorphic restoration. Compared to effects of air temperature during the past 50 yr, lake thermal properties showed little sensitivity to substantial (similar to 60%) loss of lake volume, as the lake maximum depth declined from 6 m to 4 m driven by outlet erosion. The direction and magnitude of future lake thermal responses will be driven largely by the extent of inlet stream migration when it occurs simultaneously with outlet erosion. Maintaining connectivity with inlet streams had substantial effects on buffering lake thermal responses to warming climate. Failing to account for changing rates and types of geomorphic processes under continuing climate change may misidentify the primary drivers of lake thermal responses and reduce our ability to understand the consequences for aquatic organisms. C1 [Griffiths, Jennifer R.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ruggerone, Gregory T.] Nat Resources Consultants, Seattle, WA USA. RP Griffiths, JR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jeng@u.washington.edu FU Victor and Tamara Loosanoff Fellowship; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Alaska Salmon Processors; National Science Foundation; Chignik Regional Aquaculture Association FX Countless individuals have contributed to our long-term understanding of the Chignik watershed. Field and logistical support for this project were provided by Ryan Simmons, Conrad Gowell, Morgan Bond, Christopher Boatright, and Harry Rich Jr. Additionally, assistance from the people of Chignik Lake Village, especially Julie Slaton, the Lind family, and Nick and Virginia Aleck, have made our work there possible. We appreciate the cooperation of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, especially Heather Finkle and Mary Beth Loewen. Thank you to Morgan Bond, Bronwen Wang (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]), Steve Blecker (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The DYRESM computer programs were provided by the Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia. Jennifer Griffiths was supported by the Victor and Tamara Loosanoff Fellowship and the Roy Jensen Research Fellowship from the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. This is a contribution of the University of Washington Alaska Salmon Program. We thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Alaska Salmon Processors, National Science Foundation, and the Chignik Regional Aquaculture Association for support. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0193 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 765BA UT WOS:000290677200016 ER PT J AU Hayes, MC Rubin, SP Reisenbichler, RR Goetz, FA Jeanes, E McBride, A AF Hayes, Michael C. Rubin, Stephen P. Reisenbichler, Reginald R. Goetz, Fred A. Jeanes, Eric McBride, Aundrea TI Marine Habitat Use by Anadromous Bull Trout from the Skagit River, Washington SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; VARDEN SALVELINUS-MALMA; DOLLY-VARDEN; ARCTIC CHARR; SEA-TROUT; FOOD AVAILABILITY; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROOK CHARR; MIGRATION; MONTANA AB Acoustic telemetry was used to describe fish positions and marine habitat use by tagged bull trout Salvelinus confluentus from the Skagit River, Washington. In March and April 2006, 20 fish were captured and tagged in the lower Skagit River, while 15 fish from the Swinomish Channel were tagged during May and June. Sixteen fish tagged in 2004 and 2005 were also detected during the study. Fish entered Skagit Bay from March to May and returned to the river from May to August. The saltwater residency for the 13 fish detected during the out-migration and return migration ranged from 36 to 133 d (mean +/- SD, 75 +/- 22 d). Most bull trout were detected less than 14 km (8.5 +/- 4.4 km) from the Skagit River, and several bay residents used the Swinomish Channel while migrating. The bull trout detected in the bay were associated with the shoreline (distance from shore, 0.32 +/- 0.27 km) and occupied shallow-water habitats (mean water column depth, <4.0 m). The modified-minimum convex polygons (MMCPs) used to describe the habitats used by 14 bay fish showed that most areas were less than 1,000 ha. The mean length of the shoreline bordering the MMCPs was 2.8 km (range, 0.01-5.7 km) for bay fish and 0.6 km for 2 channel residents. Coastal deposits, low banks, and sediment bluffs were common shoreline classes found within the MMCPs of bay fish, while modified shoreline classes usually included concrete bulkheads and riprap. Mixed fines, mixed coarse sediments, and sand were common substrate classes found within MMCPs; green algae and eelgrass (Zostera sp.) vegetation classes made up more than 70% of the area used by bull trout. Our results will help managers identify specific nearshore areas that may require further protection to sustain the unique anadromous life history of bull trout. C1 [Hayes, Michael C.; Rubin, Stephen P.; Reisenbichler, Reginald R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Goetz, Fred A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Resources Sect, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Jeanes, Eric] R2 Resource Consultants Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [McBride, Aundrea] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. RP Hayes, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhayes@usgs.gov OI HAYES, MICHAEL/0000-0002-9060-0565 FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) FX We would like to especially acknowledge the efforts of our Student Conservation Association interns, Tiffany Anders and Rae Mooney, who happily spent many long days in difficult conditions locating bull trout in Skagit Bay. We also recognize the efforts of Curt Kraemer, who helped to capture and tag many of the fish used in this study. Thanks also to Skagit River System Cooperative personnel, including Karen Wolf who assisted with GIS mapping and Rich Henderson and his staff who captured many of the fish studied. Debbie Reusser and Rachel Nehmer provided superior expertise and training in GIS mapping, Mary Moser (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) loaned us telemetry equipment, and Mike Parsley (U.S. Geological Survey) assisted in planning use of a survey boat and provided much of the telemetry equipment. Finally, a special thanks to Rob Jackson for assistance in boat and trailer maintenance. This project was partially funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) project. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 394 EP 410 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.640893 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700030 ER PT J AU Benoit-Bird, KJ Kuletz, K Heppell, S Jones, N Hoover, B AF Benoit-Bird, Kelly J. Kuletz, Kathy Heppell, Scott Jones, Nathan Hoover, Brian TI Active acoustic examination of the diving behavior of murres foraging on patchy prey SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Foraging; Seabirds; Predator-prey; Acoustics ID THICK-BILLED MURRES; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; ST-GEORGE ISLAND; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; LOCAL ENHANCEMENT; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; TEMPORAL SCALES; MARINE PREDATOR AB During the 2008 and 2009 breeding seasons of murres Uria spp., we combined visual observations of these predators with active acoustics (sonar), fish trawls, zooplankton net tows, and hydrographic measurements in the area surrounding breeding colonies in the southeastern Bering Sea. We acoustically detected thousands of bubble trails that were strongly correlated with the number of visually detected murres, providing a new tool for quantitatively studying the foraging ecology of diving birds. At the regional scale, the number of acoustically detected bubble trails, which served as a proxy for diving murre abundance, was related to the combined availability and vertical accessibility of squid, krill, and pollock. There were, however, no clear relationships at this scale between diving murres and any individual prey taxon, highlighting the importance of prey diversity to these animals. Individual krill patches targeted by murres had higher krill density and were located shallower than the mean depth of krill patches, but were similar in total krill abundance and overall size. The diving depth of murres within krill patches was highly correlated to the depth of the upper edge of these patches, whereas murres found outside of krill patches showed a depth distribution similar to that of juvenile pollock. Throughout the study area, murres showed strong diel patterns in their diving behavior in response to the diel migrations of their prey. These results suggest that murres select prey with specific patch characteristics implying effective information gathering about prey by murres. The high proportion of diving murres in aggregations and their consistent inter-individual spacing support the hypothesis that intra-specific local enhancement may facilitate foraging in these predators. C1 [Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Heppell, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Nathan; Hoover, Brian] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Benoit-Bird, KJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kbenoit@coas.oregonstate.edu FU North Pacific Research Board FX C. Waluk, G. Kowalke, L. Whitman, N. McIntosh, S. Archer-Kraft, and A. Dauble assisted in field work. J. Condiotty of Simrad, C. Wingard, T. Cowles, B. Emmett, M. Torres, C. Miller, M. J. Zirbel, R. Letelier, and M. McManus lent equipment used in the study. D. Griffith provided information for the design of the acoustic mount. C. Waluk and M. J. Zirbel conducted preliminary data analysis. K. Shearman engaged in valuable discussions about physical oceanographic data and processes. A. Trites facilitated collaboration among research teams. G. Hunt provided constructive feedback on the study design, helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript, and encouragement throughout. The captains and crews of the FV 'Frosti' and the FV 'Gold Rush' provided exceptional field support. Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP); this is NPRB Publication Number 311 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project Publication Number 27. NR 59 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 443 BP 217 EP 235 DI 10.3354/meps09408 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 865HS UT WOS:000298302500016 ER PT J AU McKnight, A Irons, DB Allyn, AJ Sullivan, KM Suryan, RM AF McKnight, Aly Irons, David B. Allyn, Andrew J. Sullivan, Kelsey M. Suryan, Robert M. TI Winter dispersal and activity patterns of post-breeding black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla from Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Black-legged kittiwake; Rissa tridactyla; Geolocation; Activity sensor; Winter distribution; Winter activity; North Pacific ID BREEDING PHENOLOGY; BODY CONDITION; SOUTH-GEORGIA; SEABIRD; SUCCESS; GEOLOCATION; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; GULF; SEA AB As colony-specific wintering ecology of small and medium-sized seabirds is poorly understood, it has been generally assumed that winter conditions have the same effect on all individuals from any given colony. However, advances in global positioning technology now allow researchers to investigate movements of smaller seabirds. We tracked black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla using geolocator tags during the non-breeding season. Although kittiwakes as a group appear to be generalists with respect to overwintering strategy, our data indicate that individual birds are more specialized in their use of wintering habitat. Among birds tagged in the Gulf of Alaska, we identified 3 groups employing different wintering strategies: (1) resident birds that remain in the northern Gulf of Alaska; (2) coastal birds that remain within coastal and shelf waters but move as far south as California; and (3) pelagic birds that travel up to 1700 km offshore. Given that wintering conditions differ in widely spaced areas, the effects of winter on bird survival and body condition are likely not the same on all birds in a colony, as is often assumed. Activity data revealed that kittiwakes are almost entirely diurnal during the non-breeding season. We found significant differences in time allocation among wintering groups: birds that remained in the colony region spent less time loafing during the day and engaged in longer daytime flying and foraging bouts than birds that wintered farther from the colony. These differences suggest that wintering birds make trade-offs among travel distance, metabolic demands, and foraging quality. C1 [McKnight, Aly; Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Allyn, Andrew J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resource Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sullivan, Kelsey M.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP McKnight, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM aly.mcknight@gmail.com FU Earthwatch Institute; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We conducted this work with financial support from the Earthwatch Institute and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We completed the data collection and analysis in collaboration with the British Antarctic Survey, with considerable assistance from J. Fox. In addition, R. Orben and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable feedback on this paper. Finally, we thank the many technicians and volunteers who helped to capture and resight birds, especially A. Robbins, K. Brenneman, T. Sandberg-Diment, G. Zager, J. Albanese, N. Nelson, J. O'Donnell, R. Sandberg-Diment, R. Pond, J. Stanley, and D. Cushing. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 442 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps09373 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 865HG UT WOS:000298301200018 ER PT J AU Mozdzer, TJ Kirwan, M McGlathery, KJ Zieman, JC AF Mozdzer, T. J. Kirwan, M. McGlathery, K. J. Zieman, J. C. TI Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Foliar uptake; Stem uptake; Ammonia; Glycine; Nitrate; DON ID GRACILARIA-VERMICULOPHYLLA RHODOPHYTA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; SALT-MARSH; SULFIDE CONCENTRATION; NORTH INLET; WATER; ESTUARY; VARIABILITY; NUTRIENTS; SEDIMENTS AB The smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora is the foundation species in intertidal salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. Depending on its elevation within the marsh, S. alterniflora may be submerged for several hours per day. Previous ecosystem-level studies have demonstrated that S. alterniflora marshes are a net sink for nitrogen (N), and that removal of N from flooding tidal water can provide enough N to support the aboveground biomass. However, studies have not specifically investigated whether S. alterniflora plants assimilate nutrients through their aboveground tissue. We determined in situ foliar and stem N uptake kinetics for (NH4)-N-15, (NO3)-N-15, and N-15-glycine by artificially flooding plants in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. To determine the ecological importance of shoot uptake, a model was created to estimate the time of inundation of S. alterniflora in 20 cm height intervals during the growing season. Estimates of inundation time, shoot mass, N uptake rates, and N availability from long-term data sets were used to model seasonal shoot N uptake. Rates of aboveground N uptake rates (leaves + stems) were ranked as follows: NH4+ > glycine > NO3-. Our model suggests that shoot N uptake may satisfy up to 15% of the growing season N demand in mid-Atlantic salt marshes, with variation depending on plant elevation and water column N availability. However, in eutrophic estuaries, our model indicates the potential of the plant canopy as a nutrient filter, with shoot uptake contributing 66 to 100% of plant N demand. C1 [Mozdzer, T. J.; Kirwan, M.; McGlathery, K. J.; Zieman, J. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kirwan, M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mozdzer, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mozdzert@si.edu RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011; Mozdzer, Thomas/G-4372-2011; Mozdzer, Thomas/A-3599-2014 OI Mozdzer, Thomas/0000-0002-1053-0967 FU South Atlantic Chapter of the Society of Wetland Scientists; NSF [DEB 0621014]; USGS FX We thank B. Curtis and R. Baker for help in the field, and A. Mills and P. D'Odorico for helpful insights. Funding for this study was from the South Atlantic Chapter of the Society of Wetland Scientists to T.J.M., NSF LTER grant DEB 0621014, and the USGS Global Change Research Program. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, processes or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the US Government or its employees. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 433 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.3354/meps09117 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 794JB UT WOS:000292890400003 ER PT J AU Greene, VE Sullivan, LJ Thompson, JK Kimmerer, WJ AF Greene, Valerie E. Sullivan, Lindsay J. Thompson, Janet K. Kimmerer, Wim J. TI Grazing impact of the invasive clam Corbula amurensis on the microplankton assemblage of the northern San Francisco Estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Bivalves; Benthic-pelagic coupling; Microzooplankton; Microphytoplankton; Low-salinity zone; Ciliates ID CONTROL PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; REMARKABLE INVASION; CYCLOPOID COPEPOD; BAY CALIFORNIA; FOOD-CHAIN; BIVALVE; MESOZOOPLANKTON AB Grazing by the overbite clam Corbula amurensis (formerly known as Potamocorbula) may be the cause of substantial declines in phytoplankton biomass and zooplankton in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) following its introduction in 1986. While grazing rates have been examined on bacteria, phytoplankton, and copepod nauplii, the consumption of protistan microzooplankton by C. amurensis has not previously been measured. In this study, laboratory feeding experiments revealed that C. amurensis cleared 0.5 l ind(-1) h(-1) of microzooplankton (ciliates) and 0.2 l ind(-1) h(-1) of chlorophyll (chl) a. Despite the higher clearance rate on microzooplankton, clams obtained more of their carbon from phytoplankton, which dominated the prey assemblage on most dates. When the measured clearance rates are extrapolated to field populations of clams, fractional loss rates (50 to 90% d(-1)) exceed the population growth capacity of microzooplankton. Although microzooplankton may not be a major component of the diet of these clams, C. amurensis may further alter food web dynamics through consumption of this important trophic intermediary, thus disrupting this link from bacteria and phytoplankton to higher trophic levels. C1 [Greene, Valerie E.; Sullivan, Lindsay J.; Kimmerer, Wim J.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Greene, Valerie E.; Thompson, Janet K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Greene, VE (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM vegreene@usgs.gov FU CALFED [SCI-05-C107] FX We thank T. Ignoffo and A. Slaughter for their help in the laboratory and for their comments on an earlier draft. J. York provided assistance with microzooplankton identification and contributed microzooplankton growth rate data. S. Foster, F. Parchaso, C. Phillips, and T. Schraga assisted in the field along with Captain B. Richards and Chief Engineer S. Conard. K. Boyer, J. Cloern and F. Parchaso also provided comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by CALFED Science Program Grant SCI-05-C107. NR 66 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 431 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.3354/meps09099 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 781SF UT WOS:000291953100015 ER PT J AU Paul, VJ Kuffner, IB Walters, LJ Ritson-Williams, R Beach, KS Becerro, MA AF Paul, Valerie J. Kuffner, Ilsa B. Walters, Linda J. Ritson-Williams, Raphael Beach, Kevin S. Becerro, Mikel A. TI Chemically mediated interactions between macroalgae Dictyota spp. and multiple life-history stages of the coral Porites astreoides SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Allelopathy; Coral-algal interactions; Dictyota; Chemical defense; Phase shift ID PHASE-SHIFTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; CARIBBEAN CORALS; BENTHIC ALGAE; REEF; COMPETITION; RECRUITMENT; RESILIENCE; HERBIVORES AB Competition between corals and macroalgae is often assumed to occur on reefs, especially those that have undergone shifts from coral to algal dominance; however, data examining these competitive interactions, especially during the early life-history stages of corals, are scarce. We conducted a series of field and outdoor seawater-table experiments to test the hypothesis that allelopathy (chemical inhibition) mediates interactions between 2 common brown macroalgae, Dictyota pulchella and D. pinnatifida, and the coral Porites astreoides at different life-history stages of the coral. D. pinnatifida significantly reduced larval survival and larval recruitment. The extracts of both D. pinnatifida and D. pulchella significantly reduced larval survival, and the extract of D. pulchella also negatively influenced larval recruitment. There was no measurable effect of the crude extracts from Dictyota spp. on the photophysiology of adult corals. Our results provide evidence that these Dictyota species chemically compete with P. astreoides by negatively affecting larval settlement and recruitment as well as the survival of larvae and new recruits. Macroalgae may perpetuate their dominance on degraded reefs by chemically inhibiting the process of coral recruitment. C1 [Paul, Valerie J.; Ritson-Williams, Raphael; Becerro, Mikel A.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Kuffner, Ilsa B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Walters, Linda J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Beach, Kevin S.] Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Becerro, Mikel A.] Ctr Adv Studies CEAB CSIC, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM paul@si.edu RI Becerro, Mikel/A-5325-2008; OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847; Becerro, Mikel/0000-0002-6047-350X FU USGS FX This work was supported by a USGS Eastern Region State Partnership award to I.B.K., L.J.W. and V.J.P. We thank B. Keller and J. Delaney for support of our work through the issuance of Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permit nos. FKNMS-2004-018 and FKNMS-2006-034. We thank L. Giles and C. Humphries at Keys Marine Lab for deploying the settlement tiles for conditioning, K. Grablow for assisting with data collection and G. Piniak for his insightful suggestions on the manuscript. Any use of trade names herein was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is contribution no. 844 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 45 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 426 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.3354/meps09032 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 742ZO UT WOS:000288984400012 ER PT J AU Bond, AL Jones, IL Sydeman, WJ Major, HL Minobe, S Williams, JC Byrd, GV AF Bond, Alexander L. Jones, Ian L. Sydeman, William J. Major, Heather L. Minobe, Shoshiro Williams, Jeffrey C. Byrd, G. Vernon TI Reproductive success of planktivorous seabirds in the North Pacific is related to ocean climate on decadal scales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Productivity; Oceanography; Demography; Aethia spp.; Least auklet; Crested auklet; Whiskered auklet; Aleutian Islands ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; AUKLETS AETHIA-PUSILLA; RATS RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; LEAST AUKLETS; REGIME SHIFTS; SALMON PRODUCTION; BREEDING BIOLOGY; WHISKERED AUKLET; ATLANTIC PUFFIN; CRESTED AUKLETS AB Growing evidence indicates relationships between seabird demography and both large- and small-scale variation in climate and oceanography, yet few studies have examined multiple species and locations simultaneously. As secondary consumers, least, whiskered, and crested auklets (Aethia pusilla, A. pygmaea, and A. cristatella, respectively), congeneric planktivorous seabirds endemic to the Bering and Okhotsk seas, are expected to respond to changes in ocean climate due to their low trophic positioning. From 1990 to 2008, we measured reproductive success (productivity) and breeding phenology (mean hatching date) of auklets on Buldir, Kiska, and Kasatochi, 3 islands spanning 585 km across the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. A model including Island, Species, and Winter Aleutian Low Pressure Index (ALPI) best explained productivity, with reproductive success decreasing among all species with increasing ALPI (beta = -0.273 +/- 0.0263 [SE]), likely through control of water temperature and prey (zooplankton) availability. Auklet productivity also increased with increasing winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the western North Pacific and western Bering Sea (and correspondingly decreased with increasing SST in the Gulf of Alaska), and was correlated negatively with spring sea-level air pressure in the North Pacific. These responses are reflective of positive values of the Aleutian low pressure system. Though our datasets cover only 19 yr or less, we found similar correlations between climate and auklet productivity among all species and islands. Together, our results suggest that ocean climatic conditions and reproductive success of planktivorous auklets are significantly related. C1 [Bond, Alexander L.; Jones, Ian L.; Major, Heather L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Minobe, Shoshiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Williams, Jeffrey C.; Byrd, G. Vernon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Bond, AL (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. EM abond@mun.ca RI Minobe, Shoshiro/E-2997-2010; OI Minobe, Shoshiro/0000-0002-9487-9006; Bond, Alexander/0000-0003-2125-7238 FU North Pacific Research Board [638]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada FX We thank the many field workers who collected this abundance of data over 20 yr. Especially noteworthy are the multi-year efforts of several people indicated with an asterisk (*): E. Andersen*, M. Barrett, D. Barton, G. Beyersdorf*, C. Brake, K. Brenneman, R. Buchheit, D. Clutter, J. Daniels, E. Drew, B. Drummond*, A. Durand, J. Dussureault*, C. Eggleston*, K. Elkin, J. Fischer*, J. C. Ford, S. Freeman*, C. Gray, M. Grinnell, J. M. Hipfner*, S. Hootman, N. Jones, T. Joyce*, P. Kappes, B. Keller, S. Kissler, H. Knechtel*, N. Konyukhov, S. Lantz, A. Larned, K. Lindquist, G. Loh, S. Lorenz, J. Marais, M. McClintock, L. Meehan, J. Mueller, M. Murphy*, R. Orben, M. Ortwerth, A. Palmer, L. Parker, K. Payne, J. Petersen, D. Rehder, H. Renner*, A. Ritchie, N. Rojek*, K. Russell, P. Ryan, G. Samson, S. Sapora, C. Schlawe, N. Seferovic, K. Shea, E. Sommer, L. Spitler*, A. Stoertz, A. Stover, S. Syria*, G. Thomson, C. VanStratt, R. Walder, and H. Walsh. The MV 'Tiglax' and her crews provided logistical support. The North Pacific Research Board (grant no. 638), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, and Northern Scientific Training Program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada provided financial support for this research. This is publication no. 283 of the North Pacific Research Board. A. R. Breton, A. P. Lusignan, and G. J. Robertson gave statistical advice, G. W. Humphries assisted with the remotely sensed data, and T. W. Chapman, E. H. Miller, G. J. Robertson, M. Frederiksen, R. P. Wilson, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided improvements on previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 92 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 424 BP 205 EP U218 DI 10.3354/meps08975 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 729QT UT WOS:000287966400017 ER PT J AU Miksis-Olds, JL Wagner, T AF Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L. Wagner, Tyler TI Behavioral response of manatees to variations in environmental sound levels SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE manatee; Sirenia; Trichechus manatus latirostris; behavior; ambient sound; noise; activity budget ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; FLORIDA; PATTERNS; NOISE; LATIROSTRIS; HABITATS AB P>Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) inhabit coastal regions because they feed on the aquatic vegetation that grows in shallow waters, which are the same areas where human activities are greatest. Noise produced from anthropogenic and natural sources has the potential to affect these animals by eliciting responses ranging from mild behavioral changes to extreme aversion. Sound levels were calculated from recordings made throughout behavioral observation periods. An information theoretic approach was used to investigate the relationship between behavior patterns and sound level. Results indicated that elevated sound levels affect manatee activity and are a function of behavioral state. The proportion of time manatees spent feeding and milling changed in response to sound level. When ambient sound levels were highest, more time was spent in the directed, goal-oriented behavior of feeding, whereas less time was spent engaged in undirected behavior such as milling. This work illustrates how shifts in activity of individual manatees may be useful parameters for identifying impacts of noise on manatees and might inform population level effects. C1 [Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Miksis-Olds, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM jlm91@psu.edu FU PEO; National Defense for Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG); American Association for University Women (AAUW) FX Special thanks are extended to the staff in the Manatee Research Program at Mote Marine Laboratory for their support of this study in many ways. This study would not have been possible without the aid of numerous Mote interns and the sharing of knowledge and time from the staff. Thank you to David Mann and FWRI for allowing this project to be conducted under their permits (Data were collected on free-ranging animals under the permits issued by the U. S. Federal Fish and Wildlife Service to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) (MA773494-7) and to Dr. David Mann of the University of South Florida (USF) (MA051709-0)). Fieldwork was supported by a PEO Scholar Award and a National Defense for Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship awarded to Jennifer Miksis. An American Association for University Women (AAUW) Dissertation Writing Fellowship to Jennifer Miksis-Olds supported the writing of this research. The authors thank the editors and four anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments on a previous version of this paper. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 130 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00381.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 700QU UT WOS:000285760200008 ER PT S AU Ma, L Ahuja, LR Saseendran, SA Malone, RW Green, TR Nolan, BT Bartling, PNS Flerchinger, GN Boote, KJ Hoogenboom, G AF Ma, L. Ahuja, L. R. Saseendran, S. A. Malone, R. W. Green, T. R. Nolan, B. T. Bartling, P. N. S. Flerchinger, G. N. Boote, K. J. Hoogenboom, G. BE Ahuja, LR Ma, L TI A Protocol for Parameterization and Calibration of RZWQM2 in Field Research SO METHODS OF INTRODUCING SYSTEM MODELS INTO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; ENERGY-BALANCE SIMULATION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; TILE DRAINAGE; CROP PRODUCTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MACROPORE TRANSPORT; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE TRIALS AB Use of agricultural system models in field research requires a full understanding of both the model and the system it simulates. This chapter provides a protocol on how to parameterize the USDA-ARS, Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2), which contains the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) version 4.0 crop growth modules and the SHAW (Simultaneous Heat and Water) energy balance modules. It summarizes input data requirements of soil, weather, and plants, as well as the minimum data needed to calibrate the model. Calibration of each component or process is illustrated, along with possible adjustable parameters. An iterative procedure for model calibration is emphasized. Difficulties in model application are presented, along with possible solutions. However, the steps for model calibration are still in the trial-and-error stage and can vary from application to application. Model users should benefit from the materials in this chapter by combining them with those in the RZWQM2 user manual released with the model. C1 [Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.; Saseendran, S. A.; Green, T. R.; Bartling, P. N. S.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nolan, B. T.] USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Flerchinger, G. N.] USDA ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Boote, K. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoogenboom, G.] Washington State Univ, AgWeatherNet, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov; Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov; rob.malone@ars.usda.gov; btnolan@usgs.gov; pat.bartling@ars.usda.gov NR 108 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-196-5; 978-0-89118-180-4 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2011 VL 2 BP 1 EP 64 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c1 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2 PG 64 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BE3JF UT WOS:000370798900003 ER PT S AU Malone, RW Meek, DW Ma, L Jaynes, DB Nolan, BT Karlen, DL AF Malone, R. W. Meek, D. W. Ma, L. Jaynes, D. B. Nolan, B. T. Karlen, D. L. BE Ahuja, LR Ma, L TI Quality Assurance of Weather Data for Agricultural System Model Input: A Case Study using the Walnut Creek Watershed in Central Iowa SO METHODS OF INTRODUCING SYSTEM MODELS INTO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SENSITIVITY; YIELDS; SOIL AB Use of agricultural system models in field research requires quality weather data for input. This chapter provides methods to assess the integrity of rainfall, radiation, and humidity input for the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). These methods were applied to a recent RZWQM application at Walnut Creek in central Iowa. Data bias of 10% in humidity, rainfall, and solar radiation results in long-term errors of more than 40% for nitrate loss in tile drains from these RZWQM simulations. Actual weather records show measurement errors in rain, solar radiation, and humidity of 10% or more. The quality assurance procedures described here will help model users detect erroneous weather measurements, which will help improve their model simulations through more accurate simulations and higher confidence in the weather input. C1 [Malone, R. W.; Meek, D. W.; Jaynes, D. B.; Karlen, D. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, L.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nolan, B. T.] USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rob.malone@ars.usda.gov; dave.meek@ars.usda.gov; liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov; dan.jaynes@ars.usda.gov; btnolan@usgs.gov; doug.karlen@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-196-5; 978-0-89118-180-4 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2011 VL 2 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c10 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BE3JF UT WOS:000370798900012 ER PT S AU Nolan, BT Malone, RW Ma, LW Green, CT Fienen, MN Jaynes, DB AF Nolan, Bernard T. Malone, Robert W. Ma, Liwang Green, Christopher T. Fienen, Michael N. Jaynes, Dan B. BE Ahuja, LR Ma, L TI Inverse Modeling with RZWQM2 to Predict Water Quality SO METHODS OF INTRODUCING SYSTEM MODELS INTO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SE Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling-Transdisciplinary Research Synthesis and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; UNSATURATED ZONE; CROP PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE LOSS; CORN YIELD; GROUNDWATER; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT; BALANCES AB This chapter presents guidelines for autocalibration of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) by inverse modeling using PEST parameter estimation software (Doherty, 2010). Two sites with diverse climate and management were considered for simulation of N losses by leaching and in drain flow: an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] orchard in the San Joaquin Valley, California and the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, which is predominantly in corn (Zen mays L.) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Mem] rotation. Inverse modeling provides an objective statistical basis for calibration that involves simultaneous adjustment of model parameters and yields parameter confidence intervals and sensitivities. We describe operation of PEST in both parameter estimation and predictive analysis modes. The goal of parameter estimation is to identify a unique set of parameters that minimize a weighted least squares objective function, and the goal of predictive analysis is to construct a nonlinear confidence interval for a prediction of interest by finding a set of parameters that maximizes or minimizes the prediction while maintaining the model in a calibrated state. We also describe PEST utilities (PAR2PAR, TSPROC) for maintaining ordered relations among model parameters (e.g., soil root growth factor) and for post-processing of RZWQM2 outputs representing different cropping practices at the Iowa site. Inverse modeling provided reasonable fits to observed water and N fluxes and directly benefited the modeling through: (i) simultaneous adjustment of multiple parameters versus one-at-a-time adjustment in manual approaches; (ii) clear indication by convergence criteria of when calibration is complete; (iii) straightforward detection of nonunique and insensitive parameters, which can affect the stability of PEST and RZWQM2; and (iv) generation of confidence intervals for uncertainty analysis of parameters and model predictions. Composite scaled sensitivities, which reflect the total information provided by the observations for a parameter, indicated that most of the RZWQM2 parameters at the California study site (CA) and Iowa study site (IA) could be reliably estimated by regression. Correlations obtained in the CA case indicated that all model parameters could be uniquely estimated by inverse modeling. Although water content at field capacity was highly correlated with bulk density (-0.94), the correlation is less than the threshold for nonuniqueness (0.95, absolute value basis). Additionally, we used truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) at CA to mitigate potential problems with highly correlated and insensitive parameters. Singular value decomposition estimates linear combinations (eigenvectors) of the original process-model parameters. Parameter confidence intervals (Os) at CA indicated that parameters were reliably estimated with the possible exception of an organic pool transfer coefficient (R45), which had a comparatively wide Cl. However, the 95% confidence interval for R45 (0.03-0.35) is mostly within the range of values reported for this parameter. Predictive analysis at CA generated confidence intervals that were compared with independently measured annual water flux (groundwater recharge) and median nitrate concentration in a collocated monitoring well as part of model evaluation. Both the observed recharge (42.3 cm yr-') and nitrate concentration (24.3 mg L') were within their respective 90% confidence intervals, indicating that overall model error was within acceptable limits. C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.] USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Malone, Robert W.; Jaynes, Dan B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, Liwang] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Green, Christopher T.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fienen, Michael N.] USGS, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM btnolan@usgs.gov; rob.malone@ars.usda.gov; liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov; ctgreen@usgs.gov; mnfienen@usgs.gov; dan.jaynes@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 2163-2774 BN 978-0-89118-196-5; 978-0-89118-180-4 J9 ADV AGR SYST MODEL PY 2011 VL 2 BP 327 EP 363 DI 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c12 D2 10.2134/advagricsystmodel2 PG 37 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BE3JF UT WOS:000370798900014 ER PT B AU Johnson, RH AF Johnson, Raymond H. BE Rude, TR Freund, A Wolkersdorfer, C TI Reactive Transport Modeling for the Proposed Dewey Burdock Uranium In-Situ Recovery Mine, Edgemont, South Dakota, USA SO MINE WATER - MANAGING THE CHALLENGES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION CONGRESS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Mine-Water-Association Congress on Mine Water - Managing the Challenges CY SEP 04-11, 2011 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP RWTHAACHEN, Inst Hydrogeol, VORWEG, Lhoist, Cogent MODERNWATER, XROSSWATER LTD, GEHEN, DHI WASY, DMT, CAROLUS THERMEN, BAD AACHEN DE uranium; in-situ recovery; reactive transport modeling AB In-situ recovery (ISR) mining extracts uranium by enhanced dissolution and mobilization of solid phase uranium in sandstone aquifers. Geochemical changes that occur due to the ISR mining process are important for local groundwater users, regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders to understand in order to evaluate the potential effects on surrounding groundwater quality during and after mining. Reactive transport modeling is being used at the proposed Dewey Burdock ISR mine to simulate the geochemistry of: 1) uranium roll-front deposition; 2) current groundwater conditions; 3) mining processes; 4) post-mining restoration; and, 5) long-term groundwater quality after restoration. This modeling uses groundwater flow coupled with rock/water interations to understand geochemical changes during each stage. Conceptually, uranium roll-fronts are formed as oxygenated, uranium-rich groundwaters enter reducing zones where uranium minerals precipitate to form uranium ore. Through geologic time, the groundwater flow direction and incoming groundwater geochemistry can change, which may or may not alter the uranium roll-front deposit. During the mining process, oxygen and a complexing agent (such as carbon dioxide) are added to oxidize, solubilize, and remove the uranium. Post-mining, the mining solution is removed, and reducing agents may be added to re-precipitate uranium. Longer term geochemistry depends upon the remaining solid-phase minerals, their reactivity, and the composition of the incoming groundwater. All of these processes are highlighted through the use of a simple three-dimensional reactive transport model (groundwater flow and geochemistry). While this research focuses specifically on the proposed Dewey Burdock uranium ISR site near Edgemont, South Dakota, the procedures described are generally applicable to any proposed uranium ISR mine. C1 [Johnson, Raymond H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RWTH AACHEN UNIV, INST HYDROGEOLOGY PI AACHEN PA LOCHNERSTRASSE 4-20, AACHEN, 52064, GERMANY BN 978-3-00-035543-1 PY 2011 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG7KU UT WOS:000391415200039 ER PT B AU Ulrich, KU Veeramani, H Schofield, EJ Sharp, JO Suvorova, EI Stubbs, JE Lezama-Pacheco, JS Barrows, CJ Cerrato, JM Campbells, KM Yabusaki, SB Long, PE Bernier-Latmani, R Giammar, DE Bargar, JR AF Ulrich, Kai-Uwe Veeramani, Harish Schofield, Eleanor J. Sharp, Jonathan O. Suvorova, Elena I. Stubbs, Joanne E. Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S. Barrows, Charles J. Cerrato, Jose M. Campbells, Kate M. Yabusaki, Steven B. Long, Philip E. Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan Giammar, Daniel E. Bargar, John R. BE Rude, TR Freund, A Wolkersdorfer, C TI Biostimulated uranium immobilization within aquifers-from bench scale to field experiments SO MINE WATER - MANAGING THE CHALLENGES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINE WATER ASSOCIATION CONGRESS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Mine-Water-Association Congress on Mine Water - Managing the Challenges CY SEP 04-11, 2011 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP RWTHAACHEN, Inst Hydrogeol, VORWEG, Lhoist, Cogent MODERNWATER, XROSSWATER LTD, GEHEN, DHI WASY, DMT, CAROLUS THERMEN, BAD AACHEN DE uraninite; groundwater incubation; dissolution rate; corrosion mechanism; up-scaling ID BIOGENIC URANINITE; U(VI) REDUCTION; UO2 AB In situ bioremediation of uranium-contaminated aquifers through microbially catalyzed reduction of mobile U(VI) species can only be successful if the U(IV) products are immobilized over long time-scales. Although uraninite is known for its low solubility and has been produced in nano-particulate form by several species of metal-and sulfate-reducing bacteria in laboratory studies, little is known about the stability of biogenic U(IV) in the subsurface. Using an up-scaling approach, we investigated the chemical and environmental stability of biogenic UO2 nano-solids. Our results show that diffusive limitations due to aquifer porosity and microstructure may retard uraninite corrosion. Corrosion was also retarded by adsorption or incorporation of manganese. On the other hand, U(VI) bioreduction in field sediments generated U(IV) that was more labile than biogenic UO2. C1 [Veeramani, Harish; Sharp, Jonathan O.; Suvorova, Elena I.; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schofield, Eleanor J.; Stubbs, Joanne E.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.; Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Ulrich, Kai-Uwe; Barrows, Charles J.; Cerrato, Jose M.; Giammar, Daniel E.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Campbells, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Yabusaki, Steven B.; Long, Philip E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Veeramani, Harish] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Schofield, Eleanor J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Sharp, Jonathan O.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ulrich, KU (reprint author), BGD Soil & Groundwater Lab, Tiergartenstr 48, D-01219 Dresden, Germany. EM kulrich@bgd-gmbh.de NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RWTH AACHEN UNIV, INST HYDROGEOLOGY PI AACHEN PA LOCHNERSTRASSE 4-20, AACHEN, 52064, GERMANY BN 978-3-00-035543-1 PY 2011 BP 627 EP 632 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BG7KU UT WOS:000391415200114 ER PT J AU Yeung, CKL Tsai, PW Chesser, RT Lin, RC Yao, CT Tian, XH Li, SH AF Yeung, Carol K. L. Tsai, Pi-Wen Chesser, R. Terry Lin, Rong-Chien Yao, Cheng-Te Tian, Xiu-Hua Li, Shou-Hsien TI Testing Founder Effect Speciation: Divergence Population Genetics of the Spoonbills Platalea regia and Pl. minor (Threskiornithidae, Aves) SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE founder effect speciation; spoonbills; Platalea; postdivergence gene flow; approximate Bayesian computation ID DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; STATISTICAL-METHOD; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MULTIPLE LOCI; EVOLUTION; COALESCENT; MIGRATION; PHYLOGENY AB Although founder effect speciation has been a popular theoretical model for the speciation of geographically isolated taxa, its empirical importance has remained difficult to evaluate due to the intractability of past demography, which in a founder effect speciation scenario would involve a speciational bottleneck in the emergent species and the complete cessation of gene flow following divergence. Using regression-weighted approximate Bayesian computation, we tested the validity of these two fundamental conditions of founder effect speciation in a pair of sister species with disjunct distributions: the royal spoonbill Platalea regia in Australasia and the black-faced spoonbill Pl. minor in eastern Asia. When compared with genetic polymorphism observed at 20 nuclear loci in the two species, simulations showed that the founder effect speciation model had an extremely low posterior probability (1.55 x 10(-8)) of producing the extant genetic pattern. In contrast, speciation models that allowed for postdivergence gene flow were much more probable (posterior probabilities were 0.37 and 0.50 for the bottleneck with gene flow and the gene flow models, respectively) and postdivergence gene flow persisted for a considerable period of time (more than 80% of the divergence history in both models) following initial divergence (median = 197,000 generations, 95% credible interval [CI]: 50,000-478,000, for the bottleneck with gene flow model; and 186,000 generations, 95% CI: 45,000-477,000, for the gene flow model). Furthermore, the estimated population size reduction in Pl. regia to 7,000 individuals (median, 95% CI: 487-12,000, according to the bottleneck with gene flow model) was unlikely to have been severe enough to be considered a bottleneck. Therefore, these results do not support founder effect speciation in Pl. regia but indicate instead that the divergence between Pl. regia and Pl. minor was probably driven by selection despite continuous gene flow. In this light, we discuss the potential importance of evolutionarily labile traits with significant fitness consequences, such as migratory behavior and habitat preference, in facilitating divergence of the spoonbills. C1 [Yeung, Carol K. L.; Lin, Rong-Chien; Li, Shou-Hsien] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Tsai, Pi-Wen] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Math, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Yao, Cheng-Te] Endem Species Res Inst, Middle Altitude Expt Stn, Chi Chi, Nantou, Taiwan. [Tian, Xiu-Hua] NE Forestry Univ, Coll Wildlife Resources, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. RP Li, SH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. EM t43028@ntnu.edu.tw OI Tsai, Pi-Wen/0000-0003-2809-0733 FU National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. FX We thank the American Museum of Natural History of the United States and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia for providing samples. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank D. Chang for assistance in writing codes for calculating summary statistics from the simulated data. We are also grateful for the valuable help and comments by M. Beaumont and technical support by P. Sweet and Y.-T. Lin. This work was supported by grants to S.-H.L. from the National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1093/molbev/msq210 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 696CD UT WOS:000285418600048 PM 20705906 ER PT J AU Vandergast, AG Perry, WM Lugo, RV Hathaway, SA AF Vandergast, Amy G. Perry, William M. Lugo, Roberto V. Hathaway, Stacie A. TI Genetic landscapes GIS Toolbox: tools to map patterns of genetic divergence and diversity SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE ArcGIS; genetic distance; mapping ID CONSERVATION; HISTORY AB The Landscape Genetics GIS Toolbox contains tools that run in the Geographic Information System software, ArcGIS (R), to map genetic landscapes and to summarize multiple genetic landscapes as average and variance surfaces. These tools can be used to visualize the distribution of genetic diversity across geographic space and to study associations between patterns of genetic diversity and geographic features or other geo-referenced environmental data sets. Together, these tools create genetic landscape surfaces directly from tables containing genetic distance or diversity data and sample location coordinates, greatly reducing the complexity of building and analyzing these raster surfaces in a Geographic Information System. C1 [Vandergast, Amy G.; Hathaway, Stacie A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Lugo, Roberto V.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Geospatial Informat Off, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Vandergast, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM avandergast@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02904.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 693UB UT WOS:000285249800021 PM 21429115 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, RK Allainguillaume, J Bajay, MM Barthwal, S Bertolino, P Chauhan, P Consuegra, S Croxford, A Dalton, DL den Belder, E Diaz-Ferguson, E Douglas, MR Drees, M Elderson, J Esselink, GD Fernandez-Manjarres, JF Frascaria-Lacoste, N Gabler-Schwarz, S de Leaniz, CG Ginwal, HS Goodisman, MAD Guo, BL Hamilton, MB Hayes, PK Hong, Y Kajita, T Kalinowski, ST Keller, L Koop, BF Kotze, A Lalremruata, A Leese, F Li, CH Liew, WY Martinelli, S Matthews, EA Medlin, LK Messmer, AM Meyer, EI Monteiro, M Moyer, GR Nelson, RJ Nguyen, TTT Omoto, C Ono, JY Pavinato, VAC Pearcy, M Pinheiro, JB Power, LD Rawat, A Reusch, TBH Sanderson, D Sannier, J Sathe, S Sheridan, CK Smulders, MJM Sukganah, A Takayama, K Tamura, M Tateishi, Y Vanhaecke, D Vu, NV Wickneswari, R Williams, AS Wimp, GM Witte, V Zucchi, MI AF Aggarwal, Ramesh K. Allainguillaume, Joel Bajay, M. M. Barthwal, Santan Bertolino, P. Chauhan, Priti Consuegra, Sofia Croxford, Adam Dalton, Desire L. den Belder, E. Diaz-Ferguson, E. Douglas, M. R. Drees, Michael Elderson, J. Esselink, G. D. Fernandez-Manjarres, J. F. Frascaria-Lacoste, N. Gaebler-Schwarz, Steffi de Leaniz, Carlos Garcia Ginwal, H. S. Goodisman, Michael A. D. Guo, Baoling Hamilton, M. B. Hayes, Paul K. Hong, Yan Kajita, Tadashi Kalinowski, Steven T. Keller, Laurent Koop, Ben F. Kotze, Antoinette Lalremruata, Albert Leese, Florian Li, Chunhong Liew, W. Y. Martinelli, S. Matthews, Emily A. Medlin, Linda K. Messmer, Amber M. Meyer, Elisabeth I. Monteiro, M. Moyer, G. R. Nelson, R. John Nguyen, Thuy T. T. Omoto, C. Ono, Junya Pavinato, V. A. C. Pearcy, Morgan Pinheiro, J. B. Power, L. D. Rawat, Anita Reusch, Thorsten B. H. Sanderson, Dan Sannier, J. Sathe, Santosh Sheridan, C. K. Smulders, M. J. M. Sukganah, A. Takayama, Koji Tamura, Mariko Tateishi, Yoichi Vanhaecke, Delphine Vu, Ninh V. Wickneswari, R. Williams, A. S. Wimp, G. M. Witte, Volker Zucchi, M. I. CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2010-30 September 2010 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 229 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium hybrid, Alabama argillacea, Anoplopoma fimbria, Aplochiton zebra, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium giganteum, Echinogammarus berilloni, Epimedium sagittatum, Fraxinus excelsior, Labeo chrysophekadion, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, Paratrechina longicornis, Phaeocystis antarctica, Pinus roxburghii and Potamilus capax. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Acacia peregrinalis, Acacia crassicarpa, Bruguiera cylindrica, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium macrocephalum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium purpureum, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium rosarium, Polysphondylium pallidum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium koreanum, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium wushanese and Fraxinus angustifolia. C1 [Aggarwal, Ramesh K.; Lalremruata, Albert] CSIR, Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Allainguillaume, Joel; Consuegra, Sofia; Croxford, Adam; Vanhaecke, Delphine] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [Bajay, M. M.; Monteiro, M.; Pinheiro, J. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Genet, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Barthwal, Santan; Chauhan, Priti; Ginwal, H. S.; Rawat, Anita] Forest Res Inst, Div Genet & Tree Propagat, Dehra Dun 248195, Uttrakhand, India. [Bertolino, P.; Fernandez-Manjarres, J. F.; Frascaria-Lacoste, N.; Sannier, J.] CNRS, UMR 8079, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bertolino, P.; Fernandez-Manjarres, J. F.; Frascaria-Lacoste, N.; Sannier, J.] AgroParisTech, F-75231 Paris, France. [Bertolino, P.; Fernandez-Manjarres, J. F.; Frascaria-Lacoste, N.; Sannier, J.] Univ Paris 11, UMR 8079, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Dalton, Desire L.; Kotze, Antoinette] Natl Zool Gardens S Africa, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Dalton, Desire L.; Kotze, Antoinette] Univ Free State, Dept Genet, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [den Belder, E.; Elderson, J.; Esselink, G. D.; Smulders, M. J. M.] Wageningen UR, Plant Res Int, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Diaz-Ferguson, E.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Douglas, M. R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Drees, Michael; Meyer, Elisabeth I.] Univ Muenster WWU, Dept Limnol, Inst Evolut & Biodivers, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Gaebler-Schwarz, Steffi] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [de Leaniz, Carlos Garcia] Swansea Univ, Sch Environm & Soc, Dept Pure & Appl Ecol, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Goodisman, Michael A. D.; Matthews, Emily A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Guo, Baoling] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Med Plant Dev, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Hamilton, M. B.; Power, L. D.; Sheridan, C. K.; Wimp, G. M.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Hayes, Paul K.] Univ Portsmouth, Fac Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. [Hong, Yan; Li, Chunhong] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117604, Singapore. [Kajita, Tadashi; Ono, Junya; Takayama, Koji; Tamura, Mariko] Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Kalinowski, Steven T.; Vu, Ninh V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Keller, Laurent; Pearcy, Morgan] Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Koop, Ben F.; Messmer, Amber M.; Sanderson, Dan] Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Leese, Florian] Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Liew, W. Y.; Sukganah, A.; Wickneswari, R.] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul, Malaysia. [Martinelli, S.] Monsanto Brasil Ltda, BR-04578000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Medlin, Linda K.] Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observ Oceanol, F-66651 Banyuls Sur Mer, France. [Medlin, Linda K.] CNRS, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observ Oceanol, F-66651 Banyuls Sur Mer, France. [Moyer, G. R.; Williams, A. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Nelson, R. John] Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Nguyen, Thuy T. T.] Network Aquaculture Ctr Asia Pacific, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. [Nguyen, Thuy T. T.] Sch Life & Environm Sci, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. [Nguyen, Thuy T. T.] Victorian AgriBioSci Ctr, Bundoora, Vic 3080, Australia. [Omoto, C.; Pavinato, V. A. C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Entomol & Acarol, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Reusch, Thorsten B. H.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci IFM GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Sathe, Santosh] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Takayama, Koji] Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, Dept Plant Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Tateishi, Yoichi] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Educ, Okinawa 9030129, Japan. [Witte, Volker] Univ Munich, Dept Biol 2, Munich, Germany. [Zucchi, M. I.] Agencia Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios, Polo Ctr Sul, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Aggarwal, RK (reprint author), CSIR, Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RI Omoto, Celso/D-9794-2012; medlin, linda/G-4820-2010; Koop, Ben/A-8151-2008; Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/B-4396-2011; Reusch, Thorsten/G-4141-2011; Consuegra, Sofia/G-1788-2010; Zucchi, Maria/D-2637-2012; Leese, Florian/D-4277-2012; Bajay, Miklos/D-8956-2012; Correa Pavinato, Vitor Antonio/D-6576-2011; Smulders, Marinus J.M./B-3654-2009; Aggarwal, Ramesh/J-7873-2013; Hong, Yan/D-5106-2014 OI Omoto, Celso/0000-0002-6432-830X; keller, laurent/0000-0002-5046-9953; Pinheiro, Jose Baldin/0000-0003-1294-2081; Leese, Florian/0000-0002-5465-913X; Koop, Ben/0000-0003-0045-5200; Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/0000-0003-1650-2729; Consuegra, Sofia/0000-0003-4403-2509; Bajay, Miklos/0000-0002-8196-3524; Correa Pavinato, Vitor Antonio/0000-0003-2483-1207; Smulders, Marinus J.M./0000-0002-8549-6046; Aggarwal, Ramesh/0000-0001-7486-4950; Hong, Yan/0000-0002-2954-8788 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02944.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 693UB UT WOS:000285249800033 ER PT B AU Lawler, JJ Nelson, E Conte, M Shafer, SL Ennaanay, D Mendoza, G AF Lawler, Joshua J. Nelson, Erik Conte, Marc Shafer, Sarah L. Ennaanay, Driss Mendoza, Guillermo BE Kareiva, P Tallis, H Ricketts, TH Daily, GC Polasky, S TI Modeling the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services SO NATURAL CAPITAL: THEORY & PRACTICE OF MAPPING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL WATER-RESOURCES; RESPONSES; BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPE; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; STREAMFLOW; DYNAMICS; TRENDS; HEAT C1 [Nelson, Erik] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Econ, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Conte, Marc] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Conte, Marc] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ennaanay, Driss] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ennaanay, Driss] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mendoza, Guillermo] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-958900-5; 978-0-19-177463-8; 978-0-19-958899-2 PY 2011 BP 323 EP 338 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588992.001.0001 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC8HB UT WOS:000355681600019 ER PT J AU Turetsky, MR Kane, ES Harden, JW Ottmar, RD Manies, KL Hoy, E Kasischke, ES AF Turetsky, Merritt R. Kane, Evan S. Harden, Jennifer W. Ottmar, Roger D. Manies, Kristen L. Hoy, Elizabeth Kasischke, Eric S. TI Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE; PERMAFROST; EMISSIONS; SEVERITY AB Climate change has increased the area affected by forest fires each year in boreal North America(1,2). Increases in burned area and fire frequency are expected to stimulate boreal carbon losses(3-5). However, the impact of wildfires on carbon emissions is also affected by the severity of burning. How climate change influences the severity of biomass burning has proved difficult to assess. Here, we examined the depth of ground-layer combustion in 178 sites dominated by black spruce in Alaska, using data collected from 31 fire events between 1983 and 2005. We show that the depth of burning increased as the fire season progressed when the annual area burned was small. However, deep burning occurred throughout the fire season when the annual area burned was large. Depth of burning increased late in the fire season in upland forests, but not in peatland and permafrost sites. Simulations of wildfire-induced carbon losses from Alaskan black spruce stands over the past 60 years suggest that ground-layer combustion has accelerated regional carbon losses over the past decade, owing to increases in burn area and late-season burning. As a result, soils in these black spruce stands have become a net source of carbon to the atmosphere, with carbon emissions far exceeding decadal uptake. C1 [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.; Manies, Kristen L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Hoy, Elizabeth; Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Turetsky, MR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. EM mrt@uoguelph.ca RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 FU NASA [NNG04GD25G]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program; US Forest Service [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; US Forest Service, NSF [DEB-0080609]; Joint Fire Science Program [03-1-3-08]; USGS FX We thank L. Ness for remote sensing analyses, A. McAdam for R programming, E. Ellicott, G. Shetler, C. Treat and N. French for laboratory and field assistance and M. Flannigan, B. DeGroot, D. McGuire and S. Liu for helpful comments. This study was supported by NASA (grant NNG04GD25G), the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program and US Forest Service (grant PNW01-JV11261952-231 and NSF DEB-0080609), the Joint Fire Science Program (project 03-1-3-08) and the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral and Earth Surface Dynamics Programs. NR 30 TC 166 Z9 169 U1 4 U2 102 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1038/NGEO1027 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 697FS UT WOS:000285498600013 ER PT J AU Pohlman, JW Bauer, JE Waite, WF Osburn, CL Chapman, NR AF Pohlman, John W. Bauer, James E. Waite, William F. Osburn, Christopher L. Chapman, N. Ross TI Methane hydrate-bearing seeps as a source of aged dissolved organic carbon to the oceans SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CASCADIA MARGIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GAS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; RADIOCARBON; OXIDATION; SEDIMENTS; MATTER AB Marine sediments contain about 500-10,000 Gt of methane carbon(1-3), primarily in gas hydrate. This reservoir is comparable in size to the amount of organic carbon in land biota, terrestrial soils, the atmosphere and sea water combined(1,4), but it releases relatively little methane to the ocean and atmosphere(5). Sedimentary microbes convert most of the dissolved methane to carbon dioxide(6,7). Here we show that a significant additional product associated with microbial methane consumption is methane-derived dissolved organic carbon. We use Delta(14)C and delta(13)C measurements and isotopic mass-balance calculations to evaluate the contribution of methane-derived carbon to seawater dissolved organic carbon overlying gas hydrate-bearing seeps in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. We show that carbon derived from fossil methane accounts for up to 28% of the dissolved organic carbon. This methane-derived material is much older, and more depleted in (13)C, than background dissolved organic carbon. We suggest that fossil methane-derived carbon may contribute significantly to the estimated 4,000-6,000 year age of dissolved organic carbon in the deep ocean(8), and provide reduced organic matter and energy to deep-ocean microbial communities. C1 [Pohlman, John W.; Waite, William F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bauer, James E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Osburn, Christopher L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chapman, N. Ross] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Pohlman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jpohlman@usgs.gov OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109; Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Science Foundation; USGS FX We thank the caption and crew of the CCGV J. P. Tully and ROV ROPOS, E. Kessee, B. Green and L. Lapham for assistance with sample collection and analysis, and the staffs of the University of Arizona and National Ocean Science AMS facilities for radiocarbon analyses. J. Seewald, V.B. Heuer and D.L. Valentine are thanked for constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This research was supported by financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Chemical Oceanography and Integrated Carbon Cycle Research Programs of the National Science Foundation and the USGS Mendenhall Research Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purpose and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1038/NGEO1016 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 697FS UT WOS:000285498600015 ER PT J AU Dorsey, KM Guthrie, HD Welch, GR Mohler, J Theisen, DD Siewerdt, F Vinyard, BT Woods, LC AF Dorsey, Kathryn M. Guthrie, H. David Welch, Glenn R. Mohler, Jerre Theisen, Daniel D. Siewerdt, Frank Vinyard, Bryan T. Woods, L. Curry, III TI Quality Assessment of Wild Atlantic Sturgeon Semen under Conditions of Short-Term Storage SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID HYPOTHERMIC LIQUID STORAGE; VIABILITY ASSESSMENT; SPERMATOZOA; SPERM; CRYOPRESERVATION; MOTILITY; PADDLEFISH; EXPRESSION; CYTOMETRY; METHANOL AB Short-term storage trials were conducted with semen of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus collected from a total of nine wild males during the 2008 and 2009 spawning seasons on the Hudson River. Semen samples were kept refrigerated (4 +/- 1 degrees C) and stored in different gaseous atmospheres and storage extenders. The gaseous environments included oxygen, nitrogen, and air, while the extender treatments included modified Tsvetkova (MT), Park and Chapman (PC), and undiluted. Analyses of four response variables-percent viable sperm (viability), percentmotile sperm (motility), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and ATP content-were determined on the day of arrival in the laboratory and then every other day for 7 d in 2008 and 21 d in 2009. The experiments were conducted in a split-split-plot design to examine dilution treatment, gas atmosphere, and repeated measures across days, and linear analyses of covariance models were fit to the data after appropriate transformation. Storage of sperm in an oxygen atmosphere was superior to storage in a nitrogen atmosphere for all variables. Storage of semen in 100% or 21% (air) oxygen in PC did not lead to differences among variables except for viability; viability was maintained at more than 95% through 13 d, decreasing to 88% and 94% on day 21 in 100% oxygen and air, respectively. During the last 5 d survival in an air atmosphere was better than that in 100% oxygen. Motility decreased during the 21 d of storage and the decline was greater in undiluted than in PC-extended semen, decreasing from 85% on day 1 to approximately 21% and 47%, respectively, on day 21. We conclude that for Atlantic sturgeon semen storage, PC is the extender of choice and semen viability can be maintained for up to 21 d with some expectation of successful fertilization. C1 [Dorsey, Kathryn M.; Theisen, Daniel D.; Siewerdt, Frank; Woods, L. Curry, III] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guthrie, H. David; Welch, Glenn R.; Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, USDA, Anim Biotechnol & Biosci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mohler, Jerre] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Woods, LC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM curry@umd.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 4 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.629945 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OS UT WOS:000296982900006 ER PT J AU Zorn, TG Seelbach, PW Wiley, MJ AF Zorn, Troy G. Seelbach, Paul W. Wiley, Michael J. TI Developing User-Friendly Habitat Suitability Tools from Regional Stream Fish Survey Data SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MICHIGANS LOWER PENINSULA; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; SPECIES COMPOSITION; PATTERNS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; HYPERTHERMIA; TEMPERATURE AB We developed user-friendly fish habitat suitability tools (plots) for fishery managers in Michigan; these tools are based on driving habitat variables and fish population estimates for several hundred stream sites throughout the state. We generated contour plots to show patterns in fish biomass for over 60 common species (and for 120 species grouped at the family level) in relation to axes of catchment area and low-flow yield (90% exceedance flow divided by catchment area) and also in relation to axes of mean and weekly range of July temperatures. The plots showed distinct patterns in fish habitat suitability at each level of biological organization studied and were useful for quantitatively comparing river sites. We demonstrate how these plots can be used to support stream management, and we provide examples pertaining to resource assessment, trout stocking, angling regulations, chemical reclamation of marginal trout streams, indicator species, instream flow protection, and habitat restoration. These straightforward and effective tools are electronically available so that managers can easily access and incorporate them into decision protocols and presentations. C1 [Zorn, Troy G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Seelbach, Paul W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wiley, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zorn, TG (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, 484 Cherry Creek Rd, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM zornt@michigan.gov RI Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act (Michigan) [680, F-81-R]; MDNR-FD; Michigan Professional Employees Society FX Numerous crews from the MDNR, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, University of Michigan, and Michigan State University collected the field data. Many former University of Michigan students contributed data to this study, namely Matthew Baker, John Fay, Dana Infante, Catherine Riseng, and Kevin Wehrly. James Gapczynski (MDNR-IFR) performed initial entry of fisheries data in MRI databases. James Schneider, Philip Schneeberger, and Chris Freiburger provided thoughtful advice and manuscript reviews. We acknowledge Richard Clark (MDNR-IFR) for administrative support, and Ellen Johnston and Alan Sutton (MDNR-IFR) for assistance in preparation of this manuscript. This research was supported with funds from the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act (Study 680, Project F-81-R, Michigan), MDNR-FD, and the Michigan Professional Employees Society. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 AR PII 934648327 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.557965 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RF UT WOS:000288279800005 ER PT J AU Dux, AM Guy, CS Fredenberg, WA AF Dux, Andrew M. Guy, Christopher S. Fredenberg, Wade A. TI Spatiotemporal Distribution and Population Characteristics of a Nonnative Lake Trout Population, with Implications for Suppression SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; THERMAL HABITAT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MYSIS-RELICTA; BEAR LAKE; MICHIGAN; GROWTH; WHITEFISH AB We evaluated the distribution and population characteristics of nonnative lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake McDonald, Glacier National Park, Montana, to provide biological data in support of a potential suppression program. Using ultrasonic telemetry, we identified spatial and temporal distribution patterns by tracking 36 adult lake trout (1,137 relocations). Lake trout rarely occupied depths greater than 30 m and were commonly located in the upper hypolimnion directly below the metalimnion during thermal stratification. After breakdown of the metalimnion in the fall, lake trout primarily aggregated at two spawning sites. Lake trout population characteristics were similar to those of populations within the species' native range. However, lake trout in Lake McDonald exhibited lower total annual mortality (13.2%), later maturity (age 12 for males, age 15 for females), lower body condition, and slower growth than are typically observed in the southern extent of their range. These results will be useful in determining where to target suppression activities (e. g., gillnetting, trap-netting, or electrofishing) and in evaluating responses to suppression efforts. Similar evaluations of lake trout distribution patterns and population characteristics are recommended to increase the likelihood that suppression programs will succeed. C1 [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fredenberg, Wade A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Fish & Wildlife Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Dux, AM (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 2885 W Kathleen Ave, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. EM andy.dux@idfg.idaho.gov FU U.S. National Park Service FX We thank B. Michels, T. McMahon, C. Kruse, J. Tilmant, C. Muhlfeld, and R. Hunt for their assistance and technical advice. J. Giersch, M. Meeuwig, K. Hunter, J. Rasmussen, D. Pewitt, C. Penne, M. Jaeger, P. Gerrity, G. Ludwig, J. Frederick, D. Downing, D. Hickey, and T. Stuth provided field assistance. J. Flesch provided laboratory assistance. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided field equipment and personnel support. This project was funded by the U.S. National Park Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.562765 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 761VJ UT WOS:000290428800001 ER PT J AU Dean, JC Temple, AJ AF Dean, Jan C. Temple, Alan J. TI Maximum Output of Peak Power for Two Backpack Electrofishers Operated at Various Pulsed Direct Current Duty Cycles and Water Conductivity Levels SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID REQUIREMENTS AB The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the maximum output of peak power for two backpack electrofishers (Smith-Root Model LR-24; ETS Electrofishing Model ABP-3) at various pulsed DC (PDC) duty cycles and over a wide range of resistance levels and (2) use those results to develop a generalized model for predicting the maximum output of peak power available from backpack electrofishers for various water conductivity levels and duty cycles. The electrofishers were operated to maximum capacity under controlled conditions for water conductivities of 19, 155, and 610 mu S/cm and for PDC duty cycles of 15, 25, and 50%. The results agreed closely with those expected based upon the manufacturer ratings for these backpack electrofishers and provided a graphical and analytical methodology for predicting backpack electrofisher capabilities over a range of water conductivity levels when operated at duty cycles recommended for electrofishing. Both electrofishers produced square wave PDC at low water conductivities. At higher water conductivities, the waveforms for both electrofishing units deviated from square pulses as they approached shutoff loading, but the response varied between electrofishers. C1 [Dean, Jan C.] Natchitoches Natl Fish Hatchery, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA. [Temple, Alan J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Dean, JC (reprint author), Natchitoches Natl Fish Hatchery, 615 South Dr, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA. EM jan_dean@fws.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.591215 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UY UT WOS:000296140700013 ER PT J AU Kitterman, CL Bettoli, PW AF Kitterman, Christy L. Bettoli, Phillip W. TI Survival of Angled Saugers in the Lower Tennessee River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; FLATHEAD CATFISH; RELEASE; BAROTRAUMA; BEHAVIOR; CAUGHT; MORTALITY; FISHERY; SNAPPER AB An intense winter fishery for sauger Sander canadensis exists in the lower Tennessee River, and the objective of this study was to estimate the survival of angled saugers. In February 2008 and January-March 2009, 81 angled saugers (72 live plus 9 euthanized) were affixed with ultrasonic tags. The movements (or lack thereof) by saugers released alive were compared with those of euthanized fish to assess survival. Sixty-eight percent of the tagged saugers that were released alive exhibited maximum daily movements exceeding the greatest movement of any euthanized fish (0.5 km/d), and those fish were subsequently classified as survivors. The upstream movements of several euthanized fish indicated that their carcasses were ingested by piscivorous scavengers. In logistic models, the probability of mortality was significantly and inversely related to total length but not to capture depth, water temperature, handling time, or ascent rate. In 2 x 2 contingency tables, the fate of released saugers was not found to be associated with either the presence or absence of bleeding from the hooking wound or whether or not the fish displayed gastric distension. Most released fish survived despite the fact that gastric distension was observed in 72% of the angled saugers. C1 [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Kitterman, Christy L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Kitterman, CL (reprint author), Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, 201 E 5th St, Mt Home, AR 72653 USA. EM clkitterman@agfc.state.ar.us FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources; Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at Tennessee Technological University FX The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. Funding for this research project was provided by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, the Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources, and the Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at Tennessee Technological University. Special thanks go to the Deb Blackwelder family and Ben Holbert for their many contributions during this field project. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.598395 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UY UT WOS:000296140700018 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Papoulias, DM Annis, ML Tillitt, DE Marr, C Denslow, ND Kroll, KJ Nachtmann, J AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Papoulias, Diana M. Annis, Mandy L. Tillitt, Donald E. Marr, Carrie Denslow, Nancy D. Kroll, Kevin J. Nachtmann, Jason TI Characterization of Plasma Vitellogenin and Sex Hormone Concentrations during the Annual Reproductive Cycle of the Endangered Razorback Sucker SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; KRAFT PULP-MILL; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; WHITE SUCKER; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; STRIPED BASS; LAKE MOHAVE; STEROID CONCENTRATIONS; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; MORONE-SAXATILIS AB Population declines of the endangered razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus in the Colorado River basin have been attributed to predation by and competition with nonnative fishes, habitat alteration, and dam construction. The reproductive health and seasonal variation of the reproductive end points of razorback sucker populations are currently unknown. Using nonlethal methods, we characterized the plasma hormonal fluctuations of reproductively mature female and male razorback suckers over a 12-month period in a hatchery by measuring their vitellogenin (VTG) and three sex hormones: 17 beta-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and 11-ketotestosterone (KT). Fish were identified as reproductive or nonreproductive based on their body weight, VTG, and sex hormone profiles. In reproductive females, the E2 concentration increased in the fall and winter, and increases in T and VTG concentrations were generally associated with the spawning period. Mean T concentrations were consistently greater in reproductive females than in nonreproductive females, but this pattern was even more pronounced during the spawning period (spring). Consistently low T concentrations (< 3 ng/mL) in adult females during the spawning period may indicate reproductive impairment. In reproductive males, spring increases in KT and T concentrations were associated with spawning; concentrations of E2 (< 0.48 ng/mL) and VTG (< 0.001 mg/mL) were low in males throughout the study. In addition, the E2 : KT ratio and T were the best metrics by which to distinguish female from male adult razorback suckers throughout the year. These metrics of reproductive health and condition may be particularly important to recovery efforts of razorback suckers given that the few remaining wild populations are located in a river where water quality and quantity issues are well documented. In addition to the size, age, and recruitment information currently considered in the recovery goals of this endangered species, reproductive end points could be included as recovery metrics with which to monitor seasonal trends and determine whether repatriated populations are cycling naturally. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Papoulias, Diana M.; Annis, Mandy L.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Marr, Carrie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv, Field Off, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.; Kroll, Kevin J.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nachtmann, Jason] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the Division of Environmental Quality FX The findings and conclusions in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program in the Division of Environmental Quality. We thank T. Lewis, M. Bell, W. Knight, R. Martin, and M. Shoemaker from Dexter for helping with the daily maintenance and monthly sampling of the razorback suckers. V. Velez contributed to the sex hormone analysis, and M. Ellersieck provided statistical assistance. We also thank J. Calhoun, L. Fitzpatrick, P. Marsh, C. Schmitt, C. Sykes, B. Sharma, and W. Wilson for reviewing earlier versions of this document. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 765 EP 781 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.591231 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500001 ER PT J AU Gresswell, RE AF Gresswell, Robert E. TI Biology, Status, and Management of the Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-BOUVIERI; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMO-CLARKI; GRIZZLY BEARS; SNAKE RIVER; HABITAT USE; NATIONAL-PARK AB Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri were historically distributed in the Yellowstone River drainage (Montana and Wyoming) and the Snake River drainage (Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and probably Washington). Individual populations evolved distinct life history characteristics in response to the diverse environments in which they were isolated after the last glaciation. Anthropogenic activities have resulted in a substantial decline (42% of the historical range is currently occupied; 28% is occupied by core [genetically unaltered] populations), but the number of extant populations, especially in headwater streams, has precluded listing of this taxon under the Endangered Species Act. Primary threats to persistence of Yellowstone cutthroat trout include (1) invasive species, resulting in hybridization, predation, disease, and interspecific competition; (2) habitat degradation from human activities such as agricultural practices, water diversions, grazing, dam construction, mineral extraction, grazing, timber harvest, and road construction; and (3) climate change, including an escalating risk of drought, wildfire, winter flooding, and rising temperatures. Extirpation of individual populations or assemblages has led to increasing isolation and fragmentation of remaining groups, which in turn raises susceptibility to the demographic influences of disturbance (both human and stochastic) and genetic factors. Primary conservation strategies include (1) preventing risks associated with invasive species by isolating populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and (2) connecting occupied habitats (where possible) to preserve metapopulation function and the expression of multiple life histories. Because persistence of isolated populations may be greater in the short term, current management is focused on isolating individual populations and restoring habitats; however, this approach implies that humans will act as dispersal agents if a population is extirpated because of stochastic events. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Gresswell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM bgresswell@usgs.gov NR 239 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 13 U2 54 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 782 EP 812 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.608980 PG 31 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500002 ER PT J AU Vandergoot, CS Kocovsky, PM Brenden, TO Liu, WH AF Vandergoot, Christopher S. Kocovsky, Patrick M. Brenden, Travis O. Liu, Weihai TI Selectivity Evaluation for Two Experimental Gill-Net Configurations Used to Sample Lake Erie Walleyes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; STOCK ASSESSMENT; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; MODELS; CATCH; CATCHABILITY; CURVES; FISH; HOOK; GEAR AB We used length frequencies of captured walleyes Sander vitreus to indirectly estimate and compare selectivity between two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample fish in Lake Erie: (1) a multifilament configuration currently used by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) with stretched-measure mesh sizes ranging from 51 to 127 mm and a constant filament diameter (0.37 mm); and (2) a monofilament configuration with mesh sizes ranging from 38 to 178 mm and varying filament diameter (range = 0.20-0.33 mm). Paired sampling with the two configurations revealed that the catch of walleyes smaller than 250 mm and larger than 600 mm was greater in the monofilament configuration than in the multifilament configuration, but the catch of 250-600-mm fish was greater in the multifilament configuration. Binormal selectivity functions yielded the best fit to observed walleye catches for both gill-net configurations based on model deviances. Incorporation of deviation terms in the binormal selectivity functions (i.e., to relax the assumption of geometric similarity) further improved the fit to observed catches. The final fitted selectivity functions produced results similar to those from the length-based catch comparisons: the monofilament configuration had greater selectivity for small and large walleyes and the multifilament configuration had greater selectivity for mid-sized walleyes. Computer simulations that incorporated the fitted binormal selectivity functions indicated that both nets were likely to result in some bias in age composition estimates and that the degree of bias would ultimately be determined by the underlying condition, mortality rate, and growth rate of the Lake Erie walleye population. Before the ODNR switches its survey gear, additional comparisons of the different gill-net configurations, such as fishing the net pairs across a greater range of depths and at more locations in the lake, should be conducted to maintain congruence in the fishery-independent survey time series. C1 [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Kocovsky, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr Sandusky, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Brenden, Travis O.; Liu, Weihai] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Vandergoot, CS (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM christopher.vandergoot@dnr.state.oh.us FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-69-P] FX We thank T. Cherry, D. Hall, and J. Baughman for vessel support. Additionally, we thank M. Porta, W. Edwards, M. Bur, M. Stapanian, J. McFee, E. Weimer, T. Hartman, M. Turner, and J. Tyson for sampling assistance. This research was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-69-P. This article is Contribution 1643 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and is manuscript 2011-07 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 832 EP 842 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.623758 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500005 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK Ellersieck, MR AF Brewer, Shannon K. Ellersieck, Mark R. TI Evaluating Two Observational Sampling Techniques for Determining the Distribution and Detection Probability of Age-0 Smallmouth Bass in Clear, Warmwater Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID JUVENILE RED DRUM; MICROHABITAT USE; OZARK STREAM; HABITAT USE; DWELLING SALMONIDS; FISH ABUNDANCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; RIVER; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Accurate determination of the distribution and abundance of age-0 sport fish, such as smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, is an important aspect of successful species management (e. g., characterizing nursery habitats for protection or enhancement; identifying reproductive dynamics and influences of environmental variables). Two observational techniques-snorkeling and above-water (AW) observation-were evaluated in several Missouri Ozark streams to determine (1) accuracy of identifying age-0 smallmouth bass with each technique, (2) detection probabilities under a variety of channel unit (CU) conditions (i.e., discrete morphological features such as riffles or pools) and the relations between detection probability and hydraulic variables, and (3) behavioral responses (fright response, return response, or no response) of fish to the observers using each technique. Identification of age-0 smallmouth bass was over 90% accurate when using AW observation in shallow water and when snorkeling in deep water. In both streams, detection probabilities differed depending on the CU sampled and the method used. In deep pools, detection probabilities when snorkeling were two to three times those obtained from AW observation; however, AW observation was more efficient for sampling most shallow-water (< 0.5-m) CUs. Velocity had no significant relation to detection probability, whereas depth was significantly related to detection probability for both sampling methods (the relationship was positive for snorkeling and negative for AW observation). The percentage of age-0 smallmouth bass that exhibited a fright response was greatest for fish observed by snorkeling in shallow-water CUs. On average, approximately 20% of fish showed a fright response, but a large proportion of these fish exhibited a return response. Our results indicate that multiple sampling methods may be necessary to achieve high accuracy when sampling small fish in a variety of CUs, and snorkeling and AW observation may be viable methods for selecting CUs in many warmwater streams. Additional work is recommended to address knowledge gaps, especially those related to the influence of biotic and abiotic variables that were not measured in this study. C1 [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 894 EP 904 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.611067 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500010 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Rutherford, ES Blouin, MA Sederberg, BJ Elliott, JR AF Madenjian, Charles P. Rutherford, Edward S. Blouin, Marc A. Sederberg, Bryan J. Elliott, Jeff R. TI Spawning Habitat Unsuitability: An Impediment to Cisco Rehabilitation in Lake Michigan? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LOWER FOX RIVER; FISH COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB; SUPERIOR; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS AB The cisco Coregonus artedi was one of the most important native prey fishes in Lake Michigan and in the other four Laurentian Great Lakes. Most of the cisco spawning in Lake Michigan was believed to have occurred in Green Bay. The cisco population in Lake Michigan collapsed during the 1950s, and the collapse was attributed in part to habitat degradation within Green Bay. Winter water quality surveys of lower Green Bay during the 1950s and 1960s indicated that the bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was less than 2 mg/L throughout much of the lower bay, and most cisco eggs would not successfully hatch at such low DO concentrations. To determine present-day spawning habitat suitability in lower Green Bay, we compared cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay with survival at a reference site (St. Marys River, Michigan-Ontario) during 2009. We also conducted winter water quality surveys in lower Green Bay and the St. Marys River during 2009 and 2010. Cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay averaged 65.3%, which was remarkably similar to and not significantly different from the mean at the St. Marys River site (64.0%). Moreover, the lowest bottom DO concentrations recorded during the winter surveys were 11.2 mg/L in lower Green Bay and 12.7 mg/L in the St. Marys River. These relatively high DO concentrations would not be expected to have any negative effect on cisco egg survival. We conclude that winter water quality conditions in lower Green Bay were suitable for successful hatching of cisco eggs and that water quality during the egg incubation period did not represent an impediment to cisco rehabilitation in Lake Michigan. Our approach to determining spawning habitat suitability for coregonids would be applicable to other aquatic systems. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Blouin, Marc A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Sederberg, Bryan J.] Enbridge Energy, Marshall, MI 49068 USA. [Elliott, Jeff R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority biologists and MDNR biologists who captured adult ciscoes from the St. Marys River. We are also grateful to Martha Wolgamood (Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery) for advice and assistance; Matt Hughes and Scott Zajac (Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery) for hatchery assistance; Peter Boma for piloting the airboat and assisting in the field; Jeff Allen and Glen Black for scuba diving efforts during egg retrieval; Jon Molenhouse, Brandon Spude, Michael Fainter, and David Sena for dedicated efforts in the winter water quality survey work; Geoffrey Steinhart and his graduate students at Lake Superior State University for winter water quality survey work at the St. Marys River site; and Christine Joseph, Minako Kimura Edgar, and Lacey Mason for GIS assistance. We appreciate the storage space and logistical support provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green Bay Fishery Resources Office (New Franken, Wisconsin). Harold Mohr kindly provided winter access to the St. Marys River site. Doran Mason and Craig Stow reviewed the draft manuscript and made helpful suggestions for its improvement. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded by a Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act grant (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) to E. S. R and C. P. M. This article is Contribution Number 1656 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center and is Contribution Number 1595 of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.632065 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500011 ER PT J AU Vandergoot, CS Murchie, KJ Cooke, SJ Dettmers, JM Bergstedt, RA Fielder, DG AF Vandergoot, Christopher S. Murchie, Karen J. Cooke, Steven J. Dettmers, John M. Bergstedt, Roger A. Fielder, David G. TI Evaluation of Two Forms of Electroanesthesia and Carbon Dioxide for Short-Term Anesthesia in Walleye SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; CHEMICAL ANESTHESIA; IMMOBILIZE JUVENILE; NARCOTIZING ABILITY; ELECTRIC CURRENTS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ELECTRONARCOSIS; FISH; LAKE AB Anesthetics immobilize fish, reducing physical damage and stress during aquaculture practices, stock assessment, and experimental procedures. Currently, only tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is approved for use as an anesthetic for food fish in Canada and the United States; however, MS-222 can only be used with certain fish species, and treated fish must be held for a specified period of time before release into the wild. Two forms of electroanesthesia and carbon dioxide (CO2) were evaluated as anesthetics for adult walleye Sander vitreus to determine their suitability for use before intracoelomic implantation of telemetry transmitters. Walleyes were subjected to one of three treatment groups: constant direct current (CDC), pulsed direct current (PDC), and CO2. Fish subjected to these treatments were monitored for induction (where appropriate) and recovery time and whether these forms of anesthesia were conducive to implanting telemetry transmitters, that is, whether they fit a surgery threshold range of 250-350 s. Additionally, all fish were monitored for posttrial survival, and radiographs were taken to determine whether any vertebral damage was associated with the electroanesthesia treatments. Although all anesthetic treatments successfully immobilized fish for enough time to implant a transmitter, PDC electroanesthesia is recommended because of its immediate induction time, quick recovery, high immediate and short-term survival, and lack of evidence of vertebral abnormalities. C1 [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fish Res Unit, Div Wildlife, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Murchie, Karen J.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bergstedt, Roger A.] US Geol Soc, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Vandergoot, CS (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fish Res Unit, Div Wildlife, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM christopher.vandergoot@dnr.state.oh.us RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-69-P]; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Great Lakes Research Initiative FX The authors are grateful to T. Hartman, E. Weimer, M. Turner, J. Tyson, and J. Ross at the Sandusky Fisheries Research Station, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, for their assistance collecting fish and conducting the anesthesia trials. We are also thankful for the assistance of C. Goings, of the Inland Fisheries Research Unit, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, for fabricating the electronarcosis unit as well assisting with preliminary trials and for D. Liebig for viewing the videotape footage and recording the induction and recovery times. T. Brenden at the Quantitative Fisheries Center, Michigan State University, provided statistical consultation. We are also grateful to M. Faisal for coordinating the radiographs through the College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University and to N. Nelson and J. Brown for reading and scoring the radiographs. This research was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-69-P, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and the Great Lakes Research Initiative. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 914 EP 922 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.629717 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 857UB UT WOS:000297745700001 ER PT J AU Barber, JJ Gerow, KG Connolly, PJ Singh, S AF Barber, Jarrett J. Gerow, Kenneth G. Connolly, Patrick J. Singh, Sarabdeep TI Estimating the Hatchery Fraction of a Natural Population: A Bayesian Approach SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ESTIMATING FISHING MORTALITY; MARK-SELECTIVE FISHERIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WINTER STEELHEAD; PIPELINE MODEL; YAKIMA RIVER AB There is strong and growing interest in estimating the proportion of hatchery fish that are in a natural population (the hatchery fraction). In a sample of fish from the relevant population, some are observed to be marked, indicating their origin as hatchery fish. The observed proportion of marked fish is usually less than the actual hatchery fraction, since the observed proportion is determined by the proportion originally marked, differential survival (usually lower) of marked fish relative to unmarked hatchery fish, and rates of mark retention and detection. Bayesian methods can work well in a setting such as this, in which empirical data are limited but for which there may be considerable expert judgment regarding these values. We explored a Bayesian estimation of the hatchery fraction using Monte Carlo-Markov chain methods. Based on our findings, we created an interactive Excel tool to implement the algorithm, which we have made available for free. C1 [Gerow, Kenneth G.; Singh, Sarabdeep] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Barber, Jarrett J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Gerow, KG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, 337 Ross Hall, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gerow@uwyo.edu RI Singh, Sarabdeep/D-7881-2017 NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 934 EP 942 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.633687 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 857UB UT WOS:000297745700003 ER PT J AU Brenden, TO Bence, JR Lantry, BF Lantry, JR Schaner, T AF Brenden, Travis O. Bence, James R. Lantry, Brian F. Lantry, Jana R. Schaner, Ted TI Population Dynamics of Lake Ontario Lake Trout during 1985-2007 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; PREDATION MORTALITY; AGE ANALYSIS; ROUND GOBY; CATCH; FRY; RESTORATION; PERFORMANCE AB Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were extirpated from Lake Ontario circa 1950 owing to commercial and recreational fishing, predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus, and habitat degradation. Since the 1970s, substantial efforts have been devoted to reestablishing a self-sustaining population through stocking, sea lamprey control, and harvest reduction. Although a stocking-supported population has been established, only limited natural reproduction has been detected. Since the 1990s, surveys have indicated a continuing decline in overall abundance despite fairly static stocking levels. We constructed a statistical catch-at-age model to describe the dynamics of Lake Ontario lake trout from 1985 to 2007 and explore what factor(s) could be causing the declines in abundance. Model estimates indicated that abundance had declined by approximately 76% since 1985. The factor that appeared most responsible for this was an increase in age-1 natural mortality rates from approximately 0.9 to 2.5 between 1985 and 2002. The largest source of mortality for age-2 and older fish was sea lamprey predation, followed by natural and recreational fishing mortality. Exploitation was low, harvest levels being uncertain and categorized by length rather than age. Accurate predictions of fishery harvest and survey catch per unit effort were obtained despite low harvest levels by using atypical data (e. g., numbers stocked as an absolute measure of recruitment) and a flexible modeling approach. Flexible approaches such as this might allow similar assessments for a wide range of lightly exploited stocks. The mechanisms responsible for declining age-1 lake trout survival are unknown, but the declines were coincident with an increase in the proportion of stocked fish that were of the Seneca strain and a decrease in the overall stocking rate. It is possible that earlier studies suggesting that Seneca strain lake trout would be successful in Lake Ontario are no longer applicable given the large ecosystem changes that have occurred subsequent to invasion by dreissenid mussels. C1 [Brenden, Travis O.; Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lantry, Brian F.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Lantry, Jana R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. [Schaner, Ted] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Brenden, TO (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, 153 Giltner Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM brenden@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for providing funding that allowed this work to be conducted. We additionally thank the many biologists and technicians, both past and present, who have participated in the assessment and management of the Lake Ontario lake trout stock, and J. Markham, J. McKenna, Jr., S. Sitar, and one anonymous reviewer for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. This article is contribution 1657 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and 2011-08 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 962 EP 979 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.635241 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 857UB UT WOS:000297745700006 ER PT J AU Moustahfid, H Potemra, J Goldstein, P Mendelssohn, R DesRochers, A AF Moustahfid, Hassan Potemra, Jim Goldstein, Philip Mendelssohn, Roy DesRochers, Annette GP IEEE TI Making United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (US IOOS) Inclusive of Marine Biological Resources SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE component; Biological observations; Observing Systems; Bioinformatics AB An important Data Management and Communication (DMAC) goal is to enable a multi-disciplinary view of the ocean environment by facilitating discovery and integration of data from various sources, projects and scientific domains. United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S. IOOS) DMAC functional requirements are based upon guidelines for standardized data access services, data formats, metadata, controlled vocabularies, and other conventions. So far, the data integration effort has focused on geophysical U.S. IOOS core variables such as temperature, salinity, ocean currents, etc. The IOOS Biological Observations Project is addressing the DMAC requirements that pertain to biological observations standards and interoperability applicable to U. S. IOOS and to various observing systems. Biological observations are highly heterogeneous and the variety of formats, logical structures, and sampling methods create significant challenges. Here we describe an informatics framework for biological observing data (e. g. species presence/absence and abundance data) that will expand information content and reconcile standards for the representation and integration of these biological observations for users to maximize the value of these observing data. We further propose that the approach described can be applied to other datasets generated in scientific observing surveys and will provide a vehicle for wider dissemination of biological observing data. We propose to employ data definition conventions that are well understood in U.S. IOOS and to combine these with ratified terminologies, policies and guidelines. C1 [Moustahfid, Hassan] NOAA US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. [Potemra, Jim] Univ Hawaii, Pacif Isl Ocean Observing Syst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Goldstein, Philip] USGS, Ocean Biogeograph Informat Syst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA, S W Fisherise Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 95060 USA. [DesRochers, Annette] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Moustahfid, H (reprint author), NOAA US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM hassan.moustahfid@noaa.gov FU U.S. IOOS FX This workshop was supported by U.S. IOOS. We thank the IOOS BDP team who all contributed to the success of this work. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800031 ER PT J AU Lewan, MD Roy, S AF Lewan, Michael D. Roy, Stephanie TI Role of water in hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen in Mahogany oil shale of the Green River Formation SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL MATURATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; NATURAL-GAS; UINTA BASIN; PETROLEUM; METAMORPHISM; FLUID; KINETICS; GRANITE AB Hydrous and anhydrous closed-system pyrolysis experiments were conducted on a sample of Mahogany oil shale (Eocene Green River Formation) containing Type-I kerogen to determine whether the role of water had the same effect on petroleum generation as reported for Type-II kerogen in the Woodford Shale. The experiments were conducted at 330 and 350 degrees C for 72 h to determine the effects of water during kerogen decomposition to polar-rich bitumen and subsequent bitumen decomposition to hydrocarbon-rich oil. The results showed that the role of water was more significant in bitumen decomposition to oil at 350 degrees C than in kerogen decomposition to bitumen at 330 degrees C. At 350 degrees C, the hydrous experiment generated 29% more total hydrocarbon product and 33% more C15+ hydrocarbons than the anhydrous experiment. This is attributed to water dissolved in the bitumen serving as a source of hydrogen to enhance thermal cracking and facilitate the expulsion of immiscible oil. In the absence of water, cross linking is enhanced in the confines of the rock, resulting in formation of pyrobitumen and molecular hydrogen. These differences are also reflected in the color and texture of the recovered rock. Despite confining liquid-water pressure being 7-9 times greater in the hydrous experiments than the confining vapor pressure in the anhydrous experiments, recovered rock from the former had a lighter color and expansion fractures parallel to the bedding fabric of the rock. The absence of these open tensile fractures in the recovered rock from the anhydrous experiments indicates that water promotes net-volume increase reactions like thermal cracking over net-volume decrease reactions like cross linking, which results in pyrobitumen. The results indicate the role of water in hydrocarbon and petroleum formation from Type-I kerogen is significant, as reported for Type-II kerogen. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Roy, Stephanie] IFP Energies Nouvelles, Geochem Dept, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. RP Lewan, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlewan@usgs.gov RI 3G, Direction Geologie/C-1699-2013; IFPEN, Publications/A-8028-2008 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.10.004 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 716TH UT WOS:000286995900004 ER PT J AU May, SR Woodburne, MO Lindsay, EH Albright, LB Sarna-Wojcicki, A Wan, E Wahl, DB AF May, Steven R. Woodburne, Michael O. Lindsay, Everett H. Albright, L. Barry Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei Wan, Elmira Wahl, David B. TI Geology and mammalian paleontology of the Horned Toad Hills, Mojave Desert, California, USA SO PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA LA English DT Article DE stratigraphy; magnetostratigraphy; tephrochronology; biostratigraphy; Garlock fault; Hemphillian; new genus; new species ID MAGNETIC POLARITY STRATIGRAPHY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; GARLOCK FAULT; SIERRA-NEVADA; MIOCENE DEVELOPMENT; TECTONIC ROTATIONS; CLOCKWISE ROTATION; CADY MOUNTAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; LOCAL FAUNA AB The Horned Toad Formation includes five lithostratigraphic members that record alluvial fan, fluvial, lake margin, and lacustrine deposition within a relatively small basin just south of the active Garlock fault during the late Miocene to early Pliocene. These sediments experienced northwest-southeast contractional deformation during the Pliocene-Pleistocene associated with basement-involved reverse faults. Member Two of the Horned Toad Formation has yielded 24 taxa of fossil mammals, referred to as the Warren Local Fauna, including Cryptotis sp., cf. Scapanus, Hypolagus vetus, Hypolagus edensis, ? Spermophilus sp., Prothomomys warrenensis n. gen., n. sp., Perognathus sp., Repomys gustelyi, Postcopemys valensis, Peromyscus sp. A, Peromyscus sp. B, Jacobsomys dailyi n. sp., Borophagus cf. B. secundus, cf. Agriotherium, Machairodus sp. cf. M. coloradensis, Rhynchotherium sp. cf. R. edensis, Pliomastodon vexillarius, Dinohippus edensis, Teleoceras sp. cf. T. fossiger, cf. Prosthennops, Megatylopus sp. cf. M. matthewi, Hemiauchenia vera, Camelidae gen. et. sp. indet., and the antilocaprid cf. Sphenophalos. The majority of fossil localities are confined to a 20 m thick stratigraphic interval within a reversed polarity magnetozone. The fauna demonstrates affinity with other late Hemphillian faunas from California, Nevada, Nebraska, Texas, and Mexico. The Lawlor Tuff, dated elsewhere in California at 4.83 +/- 0.04 Ma and geochemically identified in the Horned Toad Formation, overlies most of the fossil mammal localities. Magnetic polarity data are correlated with Chrons 3n. 3r, 3n. 3n, and 3n. 2r, suggesting an age of approximately 5.0 - 4.6 Ma. These constraints indicate an age for the late Hemphillian Warren Local Fauna of 4.85 - 5.0 Ma. C1 [May, Steven R.] ExxonMobil Upstream Res, Houston, TX 77252 USA. [Woodburne, Michael O.] Museum No Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lindsay, Everett H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Albright, L. Barry] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei; Wan, Elmira; Wahl, David B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP May, SR (reprint author), ExxonMobil Upstream Res, POB 2189, Houston, TX 77252 USA. EM steve.may@exxonmobil.com; mikew@npgcable.com; ehlind@cox.net; lalbrigh@unf.edu; asarna@usgs.gov; ewan@usgs.gov; dwahl@usgs.gov NR 159 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU COQUINA PRESS PI AMHERST PA C/O WHITEY HAGADORN, EXECUTIVE EDITOR, AMHERST COLLEGE, DEPT GEOLOGY, AMHERST, MA 01002 USA SN 1935-3952 EI 1094-8074 J9 PALAEONTOL ELECTRON JI Palaeontol. electron. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 AR 28A PG 63 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 889GC UT WOS:000300060600003 ER PT S AU Reed, SC Townsend, AR Taylor, PG Cleveland, CC AF Reed, Sasha C. Townsend, Alan R. Taylor, Philip G. Cleveland, Cory C. BE Bunemann, EK Oberson, A Frossard, E TI Phosphorus Cycling in Tropical Forests Growing on Highly Weathered Soils SO PHOSPHORUS IN ACTION: BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SOIL PHOSPHORUS CYCLING SE Soil Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; BRAZILIAN AMAZON BASIN; MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.; Taylor, Philip G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.; Taylor, Philip G.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 178 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1613-3382 BN 978-3-642-15270-2 J9 SOIL BIOL JI Soil Biol. PY 2011 VL 26 BP 339 EP 369 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9 PG 31 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BSL41 UT WOS:000284856400014 ER PT S AU Belnap, J AF Belnap, Jayne BE Bunemann, EK Oberson, A Frossard, E TI Biological Phosphorus Cycling in Dryland Regions SO PHOSPHORUS IN ACTION: BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SOIL PHOSPHORUS CYCLING SE Soil Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRASS BROMUS-TECTORUM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL ENZYME-ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LONG-TERM; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; MOJAVE DESERT C1 US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 183 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1613-3382 BN 978-3-642-15270-2 J9 SOIL BIOL JI Soil Biol. PY 2011 VL 26 BP 371 EP 406 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9 PG 36 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BSL41 UT WOS:000284856400015 ER PT J AU Anacker, B Rajakaruna, N Ackerly, D Harrison, S Keeley, J Vasey, M AF Anacker, Brian Rajakaruna, Nishanta Ackerly, David Harrison, Susan Keeley, Jon Vasey, Michael TI Ecological strategies in California chaparral: interacting effects of soils, climate, and fire on specific leaf area SO PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY LA English DT Article ID PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; WOODY-PLANTS; GROWTH-RATE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; PERSISTENCE TRAITS; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS AB Background: High values of specific leaf area (SLA) are generally associated with high maximal growth rates in resource-rich conditions, such as mesic climates and fertile soils. However, fire may complicate this relationship since its frequency varies with both climate and soil fertility, and fire frequency selects for regeneration strategies (resprouting versus seeding) that are not independent of resource-acquisition strategies. Shared ancestry is also expected to affect the distribution of resource-use and regeneration traits. Aims: We examined climate, soil, and fire as drivers of community-level variation in a key functional trait, SLA, in chaparral in California. Methods: We quantified the phylogenetic, functional, and environmental non-independence of key traits for 87 species in 115 plots. Results: Among species, SLA was higher in resprouters than seeders, although not after phylogeny correction. Among communities, mean SLA was lower in harsh interior climates, but in these climates it was higher on more fertile soils and on more recently burned sites; in mesic coastal climates, mean SLA was uniformly high despite variation in soil fertility and fire history. Conclusions: We conclude that because important correlations exist among both species traits and environmental filters, interpreting the functional and phylogenetic structure of communities may require an understanding of complex interactive effects. C1 [Anacker, Brian; Harrison, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rajakaruna, Nishanta] Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME USA. [Ackerly, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keeley, Jon] US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, MI USA. [Vasey, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Anacker, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM blanacker@ucdavis.edu RI Ackerly, David/A-1247-2009; OI Ackerly, David/0000-0002-1847-7398; Rajakaruna, Nishanta/0000-0002-9021-6918 NR 81 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 78 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-0874 J9 PLANT ECOL DIVERS JI Plant Ecol. Divers. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1080/17550874.2011.633573 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 886YH UT WOS:000299890600006 ER PT B AU Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Dugger, KM Glenn, EM Franklin, AB White, GC Schwarz, CJ Burnham, KP Anderson, DR Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lint, JB Davis, RJ Ackers, SH Andrews, LS Biswell, BL Carlson, PC Diller, LV Gremel, SA Herter, DR Higley, JM Horn, RB Reid, JA Rockweit, J Schaberl, JP Snetsinger, TJ Sovern, SG AF Forsman, Eric D. Anthony, Robert G. Dugger, Katie M. Glenn, Elizabeth M. Franklin, Alan B. White, Gary C. Schwarz, Carl J. Burnham, Kenneth P. Anderson, David R. Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Lint, Joseph B. Davis, Raymond J. Ackers, Steven H. Andrews, Lawrence S. Biswell, Brian L. Carlson, Peter C. Diller, Lowell V. Gremel, Scott A. Herter, Dale R. Higley, J. Mark Horn, Robert B. Reid, Janice A. Rockweit, Jeremy Schaberl, James P. Snetsinger, Thomas J. Sovern, Stan G. BA Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Dugger, KM Glenn, EM Franklin, AB White, GC Schwarz, CJ Burnham, KP Anderson, DR Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lint, JB Davis, RJ Ackers, SH Andrews, LS Biswell, BL Carlson, PC Diller, LV Gremel, SA Herter, DR Higley, JM Horn, RB Reid, JA Rockweit, J Schaberl, JP Snetsinger, TJ Sovern, SG BF Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Dugger, KM Glenn, EM Franklin, AB White, GC Schwarz, CJ Burnham, KP Anderson, DR Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lint, JB Davis, RJ Ackers, SH Andrews, LS Biswell, BL Carlson, PC Diller, LV Gremel, SA Herter, DR Higley, JM Horn, RB Reid, JA Rockweit, J Schaberl, JP Snetsinger, TJ Sovern, SG TI Population Demography of Northern Spotted Owls SO POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Barred Owl; fecundity; Northern Spotted Owl; Northwest Forest Plan; population change; recruitment; Strix occidentalis caurina; Strix varia; survival ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; NEST-SITE SELECTION; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BARRED OWLS; HABITAT SELECTION; WESTERN OREGON AB We used data from 11 long-term studies to assess temporal and spatial patterns in fecundity, apparent survival, recruitment, and annual finite rate of population change of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) from 1985 to 2008. Our objectives were to evaluate the status and trends of the subspecies throughout its range and to investigate associations between population parameters and covariates that might be influencing any observed trends. We examined associations between population parameters and temporal, spatial, and ecological covariates by developing a set of a priori hypotheses and models for each analysis. We used information-theoretic methods and QAIC(c) model selection to choose the best model(s) and rank the rest. Variables included in models were gender, age, and effects of time. Covariates included in some analyses were reproductive success, presence of Barred Owls (Strix varia), percent cover of suitable owl habitat, several weather and climate variables including seasonal and annual variation in precipitation and temperature, and three long-term climate indices. Estimates of fecundity, apparent survival, recruitment, and annual rate of population change were computed from the best models or with model averaging for each study area. The average number of years of reproductive data from each study area was 19 (range = 17 to 24), and the average number of captures/resightings per study area was 2,219 (range = 583 to 3,777), excluding multiple resightings of the same individuals in the same year. The total sample of 5,224 marked owls included 796 1-yr-old subadults, 903 2-yr-old subadults, and 3,545 adults (>= 3 yrs old). The total number of annual captures/recaptures/resightings was 24,408, and the total number of cases in which we determined the number of young produced was 11,450. Age had an important effect on fecundity, with adult females generally having higher fecundity than 1- or 2-yr-old females. Nine of the 11 study areas had an even-odd year effect on fecundity in the best model or a competitive model, with higher fecundity in even years. Based on the best model that included a time trend in fecundity, we concluded that fecundity was declining on five areas, stable on three areas, and increasing on three areas. Evidence for an effect of Barred Owl presence on fecundity on individual study areas was somewhat mixed. The Barred Owl covariate was included in the best model or a competitive model for five study areas, but the relationship was negative for four areas and positive for one area. At the other six study areas, the association between fecundity and the proportion of Spotted Owl territories in which Barred Owls were detected was weak or absent. The percent cover of suitable owl habitat was in the top fecundity model for all study areas in Oregon, and in competitive models for two of the three study areas in Washington. In Oregon, all 95% confidence intervals on beta coefficients for the habitat covariate excluded zero, and on four of the five areas the relationship between the percent cover of suitable owl habitat and fecundity was positive, as predicted. However, contrary to our predictions, fecundity on one of the Oregon study areas (KLA) declined with increases in suitable habitat. On all three study areas in Washington, the beta estimates for the effects of habitat on fecundity had 95% confidence intervals that broadly overlapped zero, suggesting there was less evidence of a habitat effect on fecundity on those study areas. Habitat effects were not included in models for study areas in California, because we did not have a comparable habitat map for those areas. Weather covariates explained some of the variability in fecundity for five study areas, but the best weather covariate and the direction of the effect varied among areas. For example, there was evidence that fecundity was negatively associated with low temperatures and high amounts of precipitation during the early nesting season on three study areas but not on the other eight study areas. The meta-analysis of fecundity for all study areas (no habitat covariates included) suggested that fecundity varied by time and was parallel across ecoregions or latitudinal gradients, with some weak evidence for a negative Barred Owl (BO) effect. However, the 95% confidence interval for the beta coefficient for the BO effect overlapped zero ((beta) over cap = -0.12, SE = 0.11, 95% CI = -0.31 to 0.07). The best models from the meta-analysis of fecundity for Washington and Oregon (habitat covariates included) included the effects of ecoregion and annual time plus weak effects of habitat and Barred Owls. However, the 95% confidence intervals for beta coefficients for the effects of Barred Owls and habitat overlapped zero ((beta) over cap (BO) = -0.104, 95% CI = -0.369 to 0.151; (beta) over cap (HAB1) = -0.469, 95% CI = -1.363 to 0.426). In both meta-analyses of fecundity, linear trends (T) in fecundity were not supported, nor were effects of land ownership, weather, or climate covariates. Average fecundity over all years was similar among ecoregions except for the Washington-Mixed-Conifer ecoregion, where mean fecundity was 1.7 to 2.0 times higher than in the other ecoregions. In the analysis of apparent survival on individual study areas, recapture probabilities typically ranged from 0.70 to 0.90. Survival differed among age groups, with subadults, especially 1-yr-olds, having lower apparent survival than adults. There was strong support for declining adult survival on 10 of 11 study areas, and declines were most evident in Washington and northwest Oregon. There was also evidence that apparent survival was negatively associated with the presence of Barred Owls on six of the study areas. In the analyses of individual study areas, we found little evidence for differences in apparent survival between males and females, or for negative effects of reproduction on survival in the following year. In the meta-analysis of apparent survival, the best model was a random effects model in which survival varied among study areas (g) and years (t), and recapture rates varied among study areas, sexes (s), and years. This model also included the random effects of study area and reproduction (R). The effect of reproduction was negative ((beta) over cap = -0.024), with a 95% confidence interval that barely overlapped zero (-0.049 to 0.001). Several random effects models were competitive, including a second-best model that included the Barred Owl (BO) covariate. The estimated regression coefficient for the BO covariate was negative ((beta) over cap = -0.086), with a 95% confidence interval that did not overlap zero (-0.158 to -0.014). One competitive random effects model included a negative linear time trend on survival ((beta) over cap = -0.0016) with a 95% confidence interval (-0.0035 to 0.0003) that barely overlapped zero. Other random effects models that were competitive with the best model included climate effects (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Southern Oscillation Index) or weather effects (early nesting season precipitation, early nesting season temperature). Ownership category, percent cover of suitable owl habitat, and latitude had little to no effect on apparent survival. Apparent survival differed among ecoregions, but the ecoregion covariate explained little of the variation among study areas and years. Estimates of the annual finite rate of population change (lambda) were below 1.0 for all study areas, and there was strong evidence that populations on 7 of the 11 study areas declined during the study. For four study areas, the 95% confidence intervals for lambda overlapped 1.0, so we could not conclude that those populations were declining. The weighted mean estimate of lambda for all study areas was 0.971 (SE = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.960 to 0.983), indicating that the average rate of population decline in all study areas combined was 2.9% per year. Annual rates of decline were most precipitous on study areas in Washington and northern Oregon. Based on estimates of realized population change, populations on four study areas declined 40 to 60% during the study, and populations on three study areas declined 20 to 30%. Declines on the other four areas were less dramatic (5 to 15%), with 95% confidence intervals that broadly overlapped 1.0. Based on the top-ranked a priori model in the meta-analysis of lambda, there was evidence that ecoregions and the proportion of Spotted Owl territories with Barred Owl detections were important sources of variation for apparent survival (phi(t)) and recruitment (f(t)). There was some evidence that recruitment was higher on study areas dominated by federal lands compared to study areas that were on private lands or lands that included approximately equal amounts of federal and private lands. There also was evidence that recruitment was positively related to the proportion of the study area that was covered by suitable owl habitat. We concluded that fecundity, apparent survival, and/or populations were declining on most study areas, and that increasing numbers of Barred Owls and loss of habitat were partly responsible for these declines. However, fecundity and survival showed considerable annual variation at all study areas, little of which was explained by the covariates that we used. Although our study areas were not randomly selected, we believe our results reflected conditions on federal lands and areas of mixed federal and private lands within the range of the Northern Spotted Owl because the study areas were (1) large, covering approximate to 9% of the range of the subspecies; (2) distributed across a broad geographic region and within most of the geographic provinces occupied by the owl; and (3) the percent cover of owl habitat was similar between our study areas and the surrounding landscapes. C1 [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burnham, Kenneth P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, Gary C.; Anderson, David R.; Carlson, Peter C.; Rockweit, Jeremy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Biswell, Brian L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Davis, Raymond J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Umpqua Natl Forest, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. [Diller, Lowell V.] Green Diamond Resource Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. [Franklin, Alan B.] APHIS, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gremel, Scott A.] USDI Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Herter, Dale R.] Raedeke Associates Inc, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lint, Joseph B.; Horn, Robert B.] USDI Bur Land Management, Roseburg Dist Off, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. [Reid, Janice A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Roseburg Field Stn, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. [Schaberl, James P.] Mt Rainier Natl Pk, Ashford, WA 98304 USA. [Schwarz, Carl J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eforsman@fs.fed.us; robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu; katie.dugger@oregonstate.edu; betsyglenn1@gmail.com; alan.b.franklin@aphis.usda.gov; gwhite@cnr.colostate.edu; cschwarz@sfu.ca; kenb@lamar.colostate.edu; quietanderson@yahoo.com; jnichols@usgs.gov; jhines@usgs.gov; jbralint@msn.com; rjdavis@fs.fed.us; ackerss@onid.orst.edu; sandrewsor@aol.com; bbiswell@fs.fed.us; pccarlson@lamar.colostate.edu; ldiller@greendiamond.com; scott_gremel@nps.gov; drherter@raedeke.com; mhigley@hoopa-nsn.gov; robert_horn@or.blm.gov; j1reid@or.blm.gov; rockweit@rams.colostate.edu; jim_schaberl@nps.gov; tom.snetsinger@oregonstate.edu; ssovern@fs.fed.us NR 166 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 19 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-95059-7; 978-0-520-27008-4 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2011 IS 40 BP 1 EP 97 PG 97 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BXH72 UT WOS:000296148100001 ER PT J AU Coleman, FC Scanlon, KM Koenig, CC AF Coleman, Felicia C. Scanlon, Kathryn M. Koenig, Christopher C. TI Groupers on the Edge: Shelf Edge Spawning Habitat in and Around Marine Reserves of the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE acoustic maps; gag; red grouper; reef fish; scamp; spatial management; spawning aggregations; spawning behavior ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS PISCES; REEF-FISH FISHERIES; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; JUVENILE GAG; SEX-RATIO; SERRANIDAE; SIZE AB The northeastern Gulf of Mexico contains some of the most diverse and productive marine habitat in the United States. Much of this habitat, located on the shelf edge in depths of 50 to 120 m, supports spawning for many economically important species, including groupers. Here, we couple acoustic surveys with georeferenced videography to describe the primary spatial and geologic features of spawning aggregation sites for four economically important species: gag (Mycteroperca microlepis), scamp (M. phenax), red grouper (Epinephelus morio), and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), with notes on fish distribution and abundance and spawning activities. We provide information on movement patterns of reef fish determined using acoustic telemetry. Finally, we discuss the possible coupling of geomorphology with hydrographic features to influence the overall productivity of the region and the importance of spatial fishery management in sustaining that productivity. C1 [Coleman, Felicia C.; Koenig, Christopher C.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Scanlon, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Coleman, FC (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, 3618 Coastal Highway, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. EM coleman@bio.fsu.edu; kscanlon@usgs.gov; koenig@bio.fsu.edu NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 32 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PY 2011 VL 63 IS 4 BP 456 EP 474 DI 10.1080/00330124.2011.585076 PG 19 WC Geography SC Geography GA 880NE UT WOS:000299413200005 ER PT J AU Obade, VP Clay, DE Carlson, CG Dalsted, K Wylie, B Ren, C Clay, SA AF Obade, V. P. Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Dalsted, K. Wylie, B. Ren, C. Clay, S. A. BE Shaukat, SS TI Estimating Nonharvested Crop Residue Cover Dynamics Using Remote Sensing SO PROGRESS IN BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY PRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL; REFLECTANCE; LEAF; CHLOROPHYLL; INDEX; WATER C1 [Obade, V. P.; Clay, D. E.; Carlson, C. G.; Dalsted, K.; Ren, C.; Clay, S. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wylie, B.] US Geol Survey EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Obade, VP (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-491-7 PY 2011 BP 325 EP 332 D2 10.5772/972 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE5ZG UT WOS:000373690100018 ER PT J AU Rideout-Hanzak, S Wester, DB Britton, CM Whitlaw, H AF Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra Wester, David B. Britton, Carlton M. Whitlaw, Heather TI Biomass Not Linked to Perennial Grass Mortality Following Severe Wildfire in the Southern High Plains SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE East Amarillo Complex; fire ecology; perennial grasses; plant mortality; post-fire management; primary production; wildfire ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NORTH-AMERICA; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; WEEPING LOVEGRASS; PLANT COMMUNITY; MIXED PRAIRIE; FIRE SEASON; BLUE GRAMA AB In March 2006 the East Amarillo Complex (EAC) wildfires burned over 367000 ha of short and mixed grass prairie of the southern High Plains, USA. We studied EAC wildfire effects on perennial grass mortality and peak standing crop on Deep Hardland and Mixedland Slopes ecological sites. Deep Hardlands were dominated by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis H.B.K. [Griffiths]) and buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides [Nutt.] Engelm.); common species on Mixedland Slopes were little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash.) and sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula [Michx.] Torr.) with scattered sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia Torr.) sometimes present. We hypothesized that perennial grass mortality would increase and standing crop would decrease following severe wildfire, and that these responses would be greater than documented prescribed fire effects. Frequency of perennial grass mortality was higher on both sites in burned areas than nonburned areas through three growing seasons following wildfire; however, standing crop was minimally affected. Results suggest that post-wildfire management to ameliorate wildfire effects is not necessary, and that wildfire effects in this area of the southern High Plains are similar to prescribed fire effects. C1 [Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Wester, David B.; Britton, Carlton M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Rideout-Hanzak, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM sandra.rideout-hanzak@tamuk.edu FU Natural Resources Conservation Service [69-7482-2843]; Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept [168976] FX Research was funded by the Natural Resources Conservation Service for funding (Fish and Wildlife Conservation Grant, Agreement No. 69-7482-2843) and Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept (Interagency Contract No. 168976). NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00071.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716UP UT WOS:000286999300006 ER PT J AU Hansen, MC Egorov, A Roy, DP Potapov, P Ju, JC Turubanova, S Kommareddy, I Loveland, TR AF Hansen, Matthew C. Egorov, Alexey Roy, David P. Potapov, Peter Ju, Junchang Turubanova, Svetlana Kommareddy, Indrani Loveland, Thomas R. TI Continuous fields of land cover for the conterminous United States using Landsat data: first results from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; FOREST COVER; MODIS; CLASSIFICATION; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; SET; TM AB Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF) layers of 30 m percent tree cover, bare ground, other vegetation and probability of water were derived for the conterminous United States (CONUS) using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data sets from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project. Turnkey approaches to land cover characterization were enabled due to the systematic WELD Landsat processing, including conversion of digital numbers to calibrated top of atmosphere reflectance and brightness temperature, cloud masking, reprojection into a continental map projection and temporal compositing. Annual, seasonal and monthly WELD composites for 2008 were used as spectral inputs to a bagged regression and classification tree procedure using a large training data set derived from very high spatial resolution imagery and available ancillary data. The results illustrate the ability to perform Landsat land cover characterizations at continental scales that are internally consistent while retaining local spatial and thematic detail. C1 [Hansen, Matthew C.; Egorov, Alexey; Roy, David P.; Potapov, Peter; Ju, Junchang; Turubanova, Svetlana; Kommareddy, Indrani] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Hansen, MC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM matthew.hansen@sdstate.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL93A] FX This research was funded by NASA's Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, grant number NNX08AL93A. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.519002 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 794CO UT WOS:000292873200002 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JA Eilts, BE Guitreau, AM Figiel, CR Draugelis-Dale, RO Tiersch, TR AF Jenkins, Jill A. Eilts, Bruce E. Guitreau, Amy M. Figiel, Chester R. Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O. Tiersch, Terrence R. TI Sperm quality assessments for endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE ASSAY; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; ASCORBIC-ACID PROTECTS; INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MALE-INFERTILITY; HUMAN-FERTILITY; CELL VIABILITY; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Flow cytometry (FCM) and computer-assisted sperm motion analysis (CASA) methods were developed and validated for use with endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus collected (n=64) during the 2006 spawning season. Sperm motility could be activated within osmolality ranges noted during milt collections (here 167-343 mOsm/kg). We hypothesized that sperm quality of milt collected into isoosmotic (302 mOsm/kg) or hyperosmotic (500 mOsm/kg) Hanks' balanced salt solution would not differ. Pre-freeze viabilities were similar between osmolalities (79% +/- 6 (S.E.M.) and 76% +/- 7); however, post-thaw values were greater in hyperosmotic buffer (27% +/- 3 and 12% +/- 2; P=0.0065), as was mitochondrial membrane potential (33% +/- 4 and 13% +/- 2; P=0.0048). Visual estimates of pre-freeze motility correlated with total (r=0.7589; range 23-82%) and progressive motility (r=0.7449) by CASA and were associated with greater viability (r=0.5985; P < 0.0001). Count (FCM) was negatively correlated with post-thaw viability (r= -0.83; P=0.0116) and mitochondrial function (r= -0.91; P=0.0016). By FCM-based assessments of DNA integrity, whereby increased fluorochrome binding indicated more fragmentation, higher levels were negatively correlated with count (r= -0.77; P < 0.0001) and pre-freeze viabilities (r= -0.66; P=0.0004). Fragmentation was higher in isotonic buffer (P=0.0234). To increase reproductive capacity of natural populations, the strategy and protocols developed can serve as a template for use with other imperiled fish species, biomonitoring, and genome banking. Reproduction (2011) 141 55-65 C1 [Jenkins, Jill A.; Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Eilts, Bruce E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Guitreau, Amy M.; Tiersch, Terrence R.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Figiel, Chester R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Willow Beach, AZ 86445 USA. RP Jenkins, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jenkinsj@usgs.gov RI Eilts, Bruce/J-3739-2014 OI Eilts, Bruce/0000-0003-1087-0328 FU Louisiana Sea Grant College FX Supported in part by funding from the Louisiana Sea Grant College Program. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1530/REP-10-0153 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 699CK UT WOS:000285641300005 PM 20956577 ER PT J AU Vinson, MR Angradi, TR AF Vinson, M. R. Angradi, T. R. TI Stomach Emptiness in Fishes: Sources of Variation and Study Design Implications SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; diet; energy balance; feeding; food; stomach contents; fish; collection methods ID REEF FISHES; EMPTY; RUN AB This study summarizes fish stomach content data from 369,000 fish from 402 species in 1,096 collections and reports on the percentage of individuals with empty stomachs. The mean percentage of individuals with empty stomachs among all species, locations, habitats, seasons, regions, and collection methods was 26.4%. Mean percentage of individuals with empty stomachs varied significantly among fish collection gear types, taxonomic orders, trophic groups, feeding behaviors, and habitats, and with species length at maturity. Most of the variation in percentage of individuals with empty stomachs was explained by species length at maturity, fish collection gear type, and two autecological factors: trophic group (piscivore percentage of individuals with empty stomachs non-piscivore percentage of individuals with empty stomachs) and feeding habitat (water column feeder percentage of individuals with empty stomachs benthic feeder percentage of individuals with empty stomachs). After accounting for variation with fish length, the percentage of individuals with empty stomachs did not vary with the stomach removal collection method (dissection vs. gastric lavage), feeding time (diurnal or nocturnal), or time of collection (day or night). The percentage of individuals with empty stomachs was similar between fresh and saltwater fish, but differed within finer habitat classifications and appeared to follow a general prey availability or productivity gradient: percentage of individuals with empty stomachs of open ocean collections estuary collections, lentic lotic, and pelagic littoral. Gear type (active or passive) was the most influential factor affecting the occurrence of empty stomachs that can be readily controlled by researchers. C1 [Vinson, M. R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Angradi, T. R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Vinson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM mvinson@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 AR PII 931551533 DI 10.1080/10641262.2010.536856 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733OK UT WOS:000288271900001 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Rogala, JT Gray, BR Zigler, SJ Newton, TJ AF Smith, D. R. Rogala, J. T. Gray, B. R. Zigler, S. J. Newton, T. J. TI EVALUATION OF SINGLE AND TWO-STAGE ADAPTIVE SAMPLING DESIGNS FOR ESTIMATION OF DENSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS IN A LARGE RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthic sampling; adaptive cluster sampling; two-stage sequential sampling; two-stage sampling; unionids; freshwater mussels ID POPULATIONS; FAUNA AB Reliable estimates of abundance are needed to assess consequences of proposed habitat restoration and enhancement projects on freshwater mussels in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Although there is general guidance on sampling techniques for population assessment of freshwater mussels, the actual performance of sampling designs can depend critically on the population density and spatial distribution at the project site. To evaluate various sampling designs, we simulated sampling of populations, which varied in density and degree of spatial clustering. Because of logistics and costs of large river sampling and spatial clustering of freshwater mussels, we focused on adaptive and non-adaptive versions of single and two-stage sampling. The candidate designs performed similarly in terms of precision (CV) and probability of species detection for fixed sample size. Both CV and species detection were determined largely by density, spatial distribution and sample size. However, designs did differ in the rate that occupied quadrats were encountered. Occupied units had a higher probability of selection using adaptive designs than conventional designs. We used two measures of cost: sample size (i.e. number of quadrats) and distance travelled between the quadrats. Adaptive and two-stage designs tended to reduce distance between sampling units, and thus performed better when distance travelled was considered. Based on the comparisons, we provide general recommendations on the sampling designs for the freshwater mussels in the UMR, and presumably other large rivers. Published in (C) 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smith, D. R.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Rogala, J. T.; Gray, B. R.; Zigler, S. J.; Newton, T. J.] USGS, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX This research was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Management Program. The authors thank Doug Nichols for programming support, Mary Mandt for GIS support and Priscilla Young for database management. Penelope Pooler and Roger Haro provided helpful reviews of earlier drafts. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1002/rra.1334 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 704SJ UT WOS:000286072400010 ER PT B AU Cooper, A Barker, P Barrett, P Behrendt, J Brancolini, G Childs, J Escutia, C Jokat, W Kristoffersen, Y Leitchenkov, G Stagg, H Tanahashi, M Wardell, N Webb, P AF Cooper, Alan Barker, Peter Barrett, Peter Behrendt, John Brancolini, Giuliano Childs, Jonathan Escutia, Carlota Jokat, Wilfried Kristoffersen, Yngve Leitchenkov, German Stagg, Howard Tanahashi, Manabu Wardell, Nigel Webb, Peter BE Berkman, PA Lang, MA Walton, DWH Young, OR TI The ANTOSTRAT Legacy: Science Collaboration and International Transparency in Potential Marine Mineral Resource Exploitation of Antarctica SO SCIENCE DIPLOMACY: ANTARCTICA, SCIENCE, AND THE GOVERNANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SPACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Antarctic Treaty Summit: Science-Policy Interactions in International Governance CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 2009 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC SP Amer Geophys Union, Fdn Good Governance Int Spaces, Greenpeace, Japan Polar Res Assoc, KBR, Korean Polar Res Inst, Korea Supporters Assoc Polar Res, Lindblad Expedit, Pew Charitable Trusts, Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Sci, United Nations Environm Programme, Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Global Sustainabil Studies, World Wildlife Fund Australia HO Smithsonian Inst AB The Antarctic Offshore Stratigraphy project (ANTOSTRAT; 1989-2002) was an extremely successful collaboration in international marine geological science that also lifted the perceived "veil of secrecy" from studies of potential exploitation of Antarctic marine mineral resources. The project laid the groundwork for circum-Antarctic seismic, drilling, and rock coring programs designed to decipher Antarctica's tectonic, stratigraphic, and climate histories. In 2002, ANTOSTRAT evolved into the equally successful and currently active Antarctic Climate Evolution research program. The need for, and evolution of, ANTOSTRAT was based on two simple tenets within SCAR and the Antarctic Treaty: international science collaboration and open access to data. The ANTOSTRAT project may be a helpful analog for other regions of strong international science and geopolitical interests, such as the Arctic. This is the ANTOSTRAT story. C1 [Cooper, Alan; Childs, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM acooper@usgs.gov; peter@pnjbarker.co.uk; peter.barrett@vuw.ac.nz; john.behrendt@colorado.edu; giuliano.brancolini@libero.it; jchilds@usgs.gov; cescutia@ugr.es; wilfried.jokat@awi.de; yngve.kristoffersen@geo.uib.no; german_l@mail.ru; hstagg@apex.net.au; tanahashi-m@aist.go.jp; nwardell@ogs.trieste.it; webb.3@osu.edu RI Escutia, Carlota/B-8614-2015 OI Escutia, Carlota/0000-0002-4932-8619 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SMITHSONIAN INST SCHOLARLY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 37012, MRC 957, WASHINGTON, DC 20013-7012 USA BN 978-1-935623-06-9 PY 2011 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BZC55 UT WOS:000301091500023 ER PT J AU Henneberry, YK Kraus, TEC Fleck, JA Krabbenhoft, DP Bachand, PM Horwath, WR AF Henneberry, Yumiko K. Kraus, Tamara E. C. Fleck, Jacob A. Krabbenhoft, David P. Bachand, Philip M. Horwath, William R. TI Removal of inorganic mercury and methylmercury from surface waters following coagulation of dissolved organic matter with metal-based salts SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Dissolved organic matter interactions; Coagulation; Ferric sulfate; Ferric chloride; Polyaluminum chloride; Water quality ID ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; COMPLEXATION; SOIL; BINDING; CARBON; ACIDS; COPPER(II) AB The presence of inorganic mercury (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in surface waters is a health concern worldwide. This study assessed the removal potential use of metal-based coagulants as a means to remove both dissolved IHg and MeHg from natural waters and provides information regarding the importance of Hg associations with the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction and metal hydroxides. Previous research indicated coagulants were not effective at removing Hg from solution; however these studies used high concentrations of Hg and did not reflect naturally occurring concentrations of Hg. In this study, water collected from an agricultural drain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta was filtered to isolate the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction. The DOM was then treated with a range of coagulant doses to determine the efficacy of removing all forms of Hg from solution. Three industrial-grade coagulants were tested: ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride. Coagulation removed up to 85% of DOM from solution. In the absence of DOM, all three coagulants released IHg into solution, however in the presence of DOM the coagulants removed up to 97% of IHg and 80% of MeHg. Results suggest that the removal of Hg is mediated by DOM-coagulant interactions. There was a preferential association of IHg with the more aromatic, higher molecular weight fraction of DOM but no such relationship was found for MeHg. This study offers new fundamental insights regarding large-scale removal of Hg at environmentally relevant regarding large-scale removal of Hg at environmentally relevant concentrations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Henneberry, Yumiko K.; Horwath, William R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kraus, Tamara E. C.; Fleck, Jacob A.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95616 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Bachand, Philip M.] Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Henneberry, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, 1111 Plant & Environm Sci Bldg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yumberry@ucdavis.edu OI Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU California Department of Water Resource [v4600003886] FX This work was funded by the California Department of Water Resource (Agreement #v4600003886). We would like to thank John DeWild, Tad Doane, William Kerlin, and Yan Liang for their assistance with laboratory analyses. In addition, we would like to express our appreciation to Kemiron, Inc, particularly Fred Sims, for providing us with coagulant samples and correspondence. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 3 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.030 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707MV UT WOS:000286291600023 PM 21075424 ER PT J AU Graizer, V Kalkan, E AF Graizer, Vladimir Kalkan, Erol TI Modular Filter-based-Approach to Ground Motion Attenuation Modeling SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEAK HORIZONTAL ACCELERATION; SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; UNITED-STATES; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MOHO REFLECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; COMPONENT; PGA; PREDICTION; VELOCITY C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. EM vladimir.graizer@nrc.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.1.21 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704FA UT WOS:000286035300004 ER PT J AU Akkar, S Aldemir, A Askan, A Bakir, S Canbay, E Demirel, IO Erberik, MA Gulerce, Z Gulkan, P Kalkan, E Prakash, S Sandikkaya, MA Sevilgen, V Ugurhan, B Yenier, E AF Akkar, Sinan Aldemir, Alper Askan, Aysegul Bakir, Sadik Canbay, Erdem Demirel, I. Ozan Erberik, M. Altug Gulerce, Zeynep Gulkan, Polat Kalkan, Erol Prakash, Surya Sandikkaya, M. Abdullah Sevilgen, Volkan Ugurhan, Beliz Yenier, Emrah TI 8 March 2010 Elazig-Kovancilar (Turkey) Earthquake: Observations on Ground Motions and Building Damage SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MODEL; ATTENUATION; PERIODS; PGV C1 [Akkar, Sinan; Aldemir, Alper; Askan, Aysegul; Bakir, Sadik; Canbay, Erdem; Demirel, I. Ozan; Erberik, M. Altug; Gulerce, Zeynep; Gulkan, Polat; Sandikkaya, M. Abdullah; Ugurhan, Beliz; Yenier, Emrah] Middle E Tech Univ, Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Kalkan, Erol; Sevilgen, Volkan] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Prakash, Surya] Natl Inst Disaster Management, New Delhi, India. RP Askan, A (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM aaskan@metu.eda.tr RI Aldemir, Alper/L-3433-2016 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 42 EP 58 DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.1.42 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704FA UT WOS:000286035300006 ER PT J AU Reyes, CG West, ME AF Reyes, Celso G. West, Michael E. TI The Waveform Suite: A Robust Platform for Manipulating Waveforms in MATLAB SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Reyes, Celso G.; West, Michael E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Reyes, CG (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM creyes@gi.alaska.edu NR 8 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1785/gssrl.82.1.104 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704FA UT WOS:000286035300012 ER PT S AU Bennett, SJ Simon, A Castro, JM Atkinson, JF Bronner, CE Blersch, SS Rabideau, AJ AF Bennett, Sean J. Simon, Andrew Castro, Janine M. Atkinson, Joseph F. Bronner, Colleen E. Blersch, Stacey S. Rabideau, Alan J. BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI The Evolving Science of Stream Restoration SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUANTIFY FLUVIAL PROCESSES; DESIGN METHODS FAIL; RIVER RESTORATION; CHANNEL-DESIGN; ROSGEN CLASSIFICATION; CHALLENGES; INTEGRATE; RESPONSES; US; PRACTITIONERS AB Stream restoration is a general term used for the wide range of actions undertaken to improve the geomorphic and ecologic function, structure, and integrity of river corridors. While the practice of stream restoration is not new to geomorphic, ecologic, or engineering communities, the number of restoration activities and their associated costs has increased dramatically over the last few decades because of government policies intended to protect and restore water quality and aquatic species and their habitats. The goals and objectives, tools and technologies, approaches and applications, and assessment and monitoring standards promoted and employed in stream restoration are rapidly evolving in response to this increased focus and funding. Because technology transfer is an important activity in scientific discourse, this volume provides a comprehensive, integrative, and interdisciplinary synthesis of process-based approaches, tools, and techniques currently used in stream restoration, as well as their philosophical and conceptual foundations. This introductory paper provides a brief summary of the history and evolving science of stream restoration and emerging areas relevant to the stream restoration community. C1 [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Simon, Andrew] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS USA. [Castro, Janine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Atkinson, Joseph F.; Bronner, Colleen E.; Blersch, Stacey S.; Rabideau, Alan J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1029/2011GM001099 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500002 ER PT S AU Bennett, SJ Castro, JM Simon, A AF Bennett, Sean J. Castro, Janine M. Simon, Andrew BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI Stream Restoration in Dynamic Fluvial Systems: Scientific Approaches, Analyses, and Tools PREFACE SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Castro, Janine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eufaula, AL USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP IX EP IX DI 10.1029/2011GM001092 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500001 ER PT S AU Jacobson, RB Berkley, J AF Jacobson, Robert B. Berkley, Jim BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI Conceptualizing and Communicating Ecological River Restoration SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; FLOW REGIME; MANAGEMENT; SCIENTISTS; BASIN; REHABILITATION; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; STRATEGIES; INTEGRITY AB We present a general conceptual model for communicating aspects of river restoration and management. The model is generic and adaptable to most riverine settings, independent of size. The model has separate categories of natural and social-economic drivers, and management actions are envisioned as modifiers of naturally dynamic systems. The model includes a decision-making structure in which managers, stakeholders, and scientists interact to define management objectives and performance evaluation. The model depicts a stress to the riverine ecosystem as either (1) deviation in the regimes (flow, sediment, temperature, light, biogeochemical, and genetic) by altering the frequency, magnitude, duration, timing, or rate of change of the fluxes or (2) imposition of a hard structural constraint on channel form. Restoration is depicted as naturalization of those regimes or removal of the constraint. The model recognizes the importance of river history in conditioning future responses. Three hierarchical tiers of essential ecosystem characteristics (EECs) illustrate how management actions typically propagate through physical/chemical processes to habitat to biotic responses. Uncertainty and expense in modeling or measuring responses increase in moving from tiers 1 to 3. Social-economic characteristics are shown in a parallel structure that emphasizes the need to quantify trade-offs between ecological and social-economic systems. Performance measures for EECs are also hierarchical, showing that selection of measures depend on participants' willingness to accept uncertainty. The general form is of an adaptive management loop in which the performance measures are compared to reference conditions or success criteria and the information is fed back into the decision-making process. C1 [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Berkley, Jim] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. RP Jacobson, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP 9 EP 27 DI 10.1029/2010GM000967 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500003 ER PT S AU Gellis, AC Walling, DE AF Gellis, A. C. Walling, D. E. BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI Sediment Source Fingerprinting (Tracing) and Sediment Budgets as Tools in Targeting River and Watershed Restoration Programs SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; INVESTIGATE SOIL-EROSION; BANK EROSION; LAND-USE; RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION; CESIUM-137 MEASUREMENTS; PB-210 MEASUREMENTS; STREAM RESTORATION; TRANSPORT MODELS; ZAMBIAN EXAMPLE AB Management strategies that focus on stream and watershed restoration with the goal of reducing erosion and sediment flux should be founded on a sound understanding of the sediment sources contributing to the sediment flux and the overall sediment budget of the watershed in question. This understanding can be provided by undertaking complementary sediment source fingerprinting and sediment-budgeting investigations. The sediment fingerprinting approach quantifies the relative importance of the potential sediment sources in a watershed. The sediment budget approach provides information on the magnitude of the fluxes and the links between sources, sinks, and sediment output. Combining the two approaches can provide resource managers with information on where to target measures to reduce erosion, sediment delivery, and the net transport of sediment. C1 [Gellis, A. C.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Walling, D. E.] Univ Exeter, Sch Geog, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Gellis, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 155 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP 263 EP 291 DI 10.1029/2010GM000960 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500016 ER PT B AU Clair, TA Burns, D Perez, IR Blais, J Percy, K AF Clair, Thomas A. Burns, Douglas Rosas Perez, Irma Blais, Jules Percy, Kevin BE Hidy, GM Brook, JR Demerjian, KL Molina, LT Pennell, WT Scheffe, RD TI Ecosystems SO TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF MULTIPOLLUTANT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; CLEAN-AIR ACT; REGIONAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS C1 [Clair, Thomas A.] Environm Canada, Biogeochem Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. [Blais, Jules] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Burns, Douglas] US Geol Survey, USGS ER NE WRD, Dist Off Troy, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Percy, Kevin] Wood Buffalo Environm Assocat, Ft McMurray, AB T9K 1Y1, Canada. [Rosas Perez, Irma] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Jefa Dept Aerobiol, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Clair, TA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Biogeochem Res, 45 Alderney Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. EM tom.clair@ec.gc.ca; daburns@usgs.gov; iarp@atmosfera.unam.mx; jules.blais@uottawa.ca; kpercy@wbea.com OI Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598 NR 481 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-0303-2 PY 2011 BP 139 EP 229 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9 PG 91 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BWM39 UT WOS:000294234100006 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Connor, WP AF Tiffan, Kenneth F. Connor, William P. TI Distinguishing between Natural and Hatchery Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon Subyearlings in the Field Using Body Morphology SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; STICKLEBACKS GASTEROSTEUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SPECIES PAIR; LIFE-HISTORY; ENOS LAKE; WILD AB We used body morphology to distinguish between natural- and hatchery-origin subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in rearing areas of the Snake River and at a downstream dam during seaward migration. Using subjective eye and body shape characteristics, field personnel correctly classified 88.9-100% of natural subyearlings (N = 626) and 90.0-100% of hatchery subyearlings (N = 867) in rearing areas from 2001 to 2008. The morphological characteristics used by these personnel proved to have a quantitative basis, as was shown by digital photography and principal components analysis. Natural subyearlings had smaller eyes and pupils, smaller heads, deeper bodies, and shorter caudal peduncles than their hatchery counterparts during rearing and at the dam. A discriminant function fitted from this set of morphological characteristics classified the origin of fish during rearing and at the dam with over 97% accuracy. We hypothesize that these morphological differences were primarily due to environmental influences during incubation and rearing because it is highly probable that a large portion of the natural juveniles we studied were the offspring of hatchery x hatchery mating in the wild. The findings in this paper might provide guidance for others seeking to differentiate between natural and hatchery fish. C1 [Tiffan, Kenneth F.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Connor, William P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX We thank our colleagues at the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Fisheries Research Center and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Idaho Fisheries Resource Office, whose efforts contributed to the success of this study. We acknowledge the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing assistance at the Lower Granite Dam juvenile fish facility. Reviews by John Beeman, Chris Peery, Martin Unwin, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and administered by Debbie Docherty. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 AR PII 933540294 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.545003 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100003 ER PT J AU Lindley, ST Erickson, DL Moser, ML Williams, G Langness, OP McCovey, BW Belchik, M Vogel, D Pinnix, W Kelly, JT Heublein, JC Klimley, AP AF Lindley, Steven T. Erickson, Daniel L. Moser, Mary L. Williams, Greg Langness, Olaf P. McCovey, Barry W., Jr. Belchik, Michael Vogel, Dave Pinnix, William Kelly, John T. Heublein, Joseph C. Klimley, A. Peter TI Electronic Tagging of Green Sturgeon Reveals Population Structure and Movement among Estuaries SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST ESTUARIES; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; CORAL-REEF FISH; ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; ROGUE RIVER; CONNECTIVITY; MIGRATIONS; STOCK AB Green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris spend much of their lives outside of their natal rivers, but the details of their migrations and habitat use are poorly known, which limits our understanding of how this species might be affected by human activities and habitat degradation. We tagged 355 green sturgeon with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds and in known nonspawning aggregation sites and examined their movement among these sites and other potentially important locations using automated data-logging hydrophones. We found that green sturgeon inhabit a number of estuarine and coastal sites over the summer, including the Columbia River estuary, Willapa Bay, Grays Harbor, and the estuaries of certain smaller rivers in Oregon, especially the Umpqua River estuary. Green sturgeon from different natal rivers exhibited different patterns of habitat use; most notably, San Francisco Bay was used only by Sacramento River fish, while the Umpqua River estuary was used mostly by fish from the Klamath and Rogue rivers. Earlier work, based on analysis of microsatellite markers, suggested that the Columbia River mixed stock was mainly composed of fish from the Sacramento River, but our results indicate that fish from the Rogue and Klamath River populations frequently use the Columbia River as well. We also found evidence for the existence of migratory contingents within spawning populations. Our findings have significant implications for the management of the threatened Sacramento River population of green sturgeon, which migrates to inland waters outside of California where anthropogenic impacts, including fisheries bycatch and water pollution, may be a concern. Our results also illustrate the utility of acoustic tracking to elucidate the migratory behavior of animals that are otherwise difficult to observe. C1 [Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Erickson, Daniel L.] Bronx Zoo, Marine Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Moser, Mary L.; Williams, Greg] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Langness, Olaf P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. [McCovey, Barry W., Jr.; Belchik, Michael] Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program, Weitchpec, CA 95546 USA. [Vogel, Dave] Nat Resource Scientists Inc, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. [Pinnix, William] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Kelly, John T.; Heublein, Joseph C.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lindley, ST (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM steve.lindley@noaa.gov RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014 OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411 FU NOAA; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Wildlife Conservation Society; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; CALFED Science Program FX This research was supported by the NOAA-Fisheries Species of Concern Program (S. T. L. and M. L. M.), the Northwest Fisheries Science Center internal grants program, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (D. L. E.), and the CALFED Science Program (P. K., J.T., and J.H.). Numerous people helped in the field, including M. Howell, S. West, E. Evans, C. Black, B. Pickering, D. Farrer, and B. Cady (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife); J. Weber, B. Krohn, G. Ryden, and C. Barber (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife); K. Hanson and A. Keller (Wildlife Conservation Society); R. Whitlock (Imperial College, UK); M. Webb, K. Kapperman, J. Ogawa, and G. Stutzer (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service); S. Turo and R. Benson, (Yurok Tribal Fisheries); H. Fish, D. Rundio, A. Ammann, and J. Harding (NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center); and G. Holt and E. Danner (University of California at Santa Cruz). The Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commission (D. Hatch and R. Branstetter) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (D. Hering) provided hydrophone data from the Columbia River estuary. K. Andrews (NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center) supplied detection data for Puget Sound. J. Power (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hatfield Marine Science Center) provided data from receivers in the Alsea River and Yaquina Bay. D. Rundio conducted the similarity profile analysis of the migration history dissimilarity matrix. S. X. Cadrin, E. Mora, C. Grimes, W. Perrin, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 108 EP 122 AR PII 934069975 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.557017 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100011 ER PT J AU Rice, CA Greene, CM Moran, P Teel, DJ Kuligowski, DR Reisenbichler, RR Beamer, EM Karr, JR Fresh, KL AF Rice, Casimir A. Greene, Correigh M. Moran, Paul Teel, David J. Kuligowski, David R. Reisenbichler, Reginald R. Beamer, Eric M. Karr, James R. Fresh, Kurt L. TI Abundance, Stock Origin, and Length of Marked and Unmarked Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Surface Waters of Greater Puget Sound SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PINK SALMON; HATCHERY PROGRAMS; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; KODIAK ISLAND; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER ESTUARY AB This study focuses on the use by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of the rarely studied neritic environment (surface waters overlaying the sublittoral zone) in greater Puget Sound. Juvenile Chinook salmon inhabit the sound from their late estuarine residence and early marine transition to their first year at sea. We measured the density, origin, and size of marked (known hatchery) and unmarked (majority naturally spawned) juveniles by means of monthly surface trawls at six river mouth estuaries in Puget Sound and the areas in between. Juvenile Chinook salmon were present in all months sampled (April-November). Unmarked fish in the northern portion of the study area showed broader seasonal distributions of density than did either marked fish in all areas or unmarked fish in the central and southern portions of the sound. Despite these temporal differences, the densities of marked fish appeared to drive most of the total density estimates across space and time. Genetic analysis and coded wire tag data provided us with documented individuals from at least 16 source populations and indicated that movement patterns and apparent residence time were, in part, a function of natal location and time passed since the release of these fish from hatcheries. Unmarked fish tended to be smaller than marked fish and had broader length frequency distributions. The lengths of unmarked fish were negatively related to the density of both marked and unmarked Chinook salmon, but those of marked fish were not. These results indicate more extensive use of estuarine environments by wild than by hatchery juvenile Chinook salmon as well as differential use (e.g., rearing and migration) of various geographic regions of greater Puget Sound by juvenile Chinook salmon in general. In addition, the results for hatchery-generated timing, density, and length differences have implications for the biological interactions between hatchery and wild fish throughout Puget Sound. C1 [Rice, Casimir A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.; Moran, Paul; Teel, David J.; Kuligowski, David R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Reisenbichler, Reginald R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beamer, Eric M.] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. [Karr, James R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fresh, Kurt L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rice, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM casimir.rice@noaa.gov FU Seattle City Light; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank the Environmental Conservation Division of NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, for research vessels and field staff, and the U. S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, for field staff. Seattle City Light and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided supplemental funding. T. Beacham (CDFO) and S. Blankenship (WDFW) provided unpublished data for use in our genetic stock identification analysis. K. Sobocinski, G. Williams, and E. Casillas gave helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript; G. Pess, L. Johnson, T. Beechie, T. Collier, and four anonymous reviewers provided thorough and constructive reviews. K. Kloehn helped create the map and C. Stehr and W. Reichert assisted with the review process. NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 170 EP 189 AR PII 934547558 DI 10.1080/00028487.2010.550253 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100016 ER PT J AU Morrison, G Greening, HS Yates, KK AF Morrison, G. Greening, H. S. Yates, K. K. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Management Case Study: Tampa Bay, Florida SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 11: MANAGEMENT OF ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; OF-MEXICO ESTUARIES; SEDIMENT QUALITY; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; BENTHIC INDEX; NITROGEN; TOXICITY; RAINFALL; CHANNELS AB Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, is a shallow, subtropical estuary that experienced severe cultural eutrophication between the 1940s and 1980s, a period when the human population of its watershed quadrupled. In response, citizen action led to the formation of a public-and private-sector partnership (the Tampa Bay Estuary Program), which adopted a number of management objectives to support the restoration and protection of the bay's living resources. These included numeric chlorophyll a and water-clarity targets, as well as long-term goals addressing the spatial extent of seagrasses and other selected habitat types, to support estuarine-dependent faunal guilds. Over the past three decades, nitrogen controls involving sources such as wastewater treatment plants, stormwater conveyance systems, fertilizer manufacturing and shipping operations, and power plants have been undertaken to meet these and other management objectives. Cumulatively, these controls have resulted in a 60% reduction in annual total nitrogen (TN) loads relative to earlier worse-case (latter 1970s) conditions. As a result, annual water-clarity and chlorophyll a targets are currently met in most years, and seagrass cover measured in 2008 was the highest recorded since 1950. Factors that have contributed to the observed improvements in Tampa Bay over the past several decades include the following: (1) Development of numeric, science-based water-quality targets to meet a long-term goal of restoring seagrass acreage to 1950s levels. Empirical and mechanistic models found that annual average chlorophyll a concentrations were a primary manageable factor affecting light attenuation. The models also quantified relationships between TN loads, chlorophyll a concentrations, light attenuation, and fluctuations in seagrass cover. The availability of long-term monitoring data, and a systematic process for using the data to evaluate the effectiveness of management actions, has allowed managers to track progress and make adaptive changes when needed. (2) Citizen involvement, that is, the initial reductions in TN loads, which occurred in the late 1970s and early 1980s, was a result of state regulations that were developed in response to citizens' call for action. Improved water clarity and better fishing and swimming conditions were identified as primary goals by citizens again in the early 1990s, and led to development of numeric water-quality targets and seagrass restoration goals. More recent citizen actions, from pet waste campaigns to support of reductions in residential fertilizer use, are important elements of the nitrogen management strategy. (3) Collaborative actions, that is, in addition to numerous other collaborative ventures that have benefitted Tampa Bay, the public/private Nitrogen Management Consortium, which includes more than 40 participating organizations, has implemented over 250 nutrient-reduction projects. These projects have addressed stormwater treatment, fertilizer manufacturing and shipping, agricultural practices, reclaimed water use, and atmospheric emissions from local power stations, providing more than 300 tons of TN load reductions since 1995. (4) State and federal regulatory programs, that is, regulatory requirements, such as state statutes and rules requiring compliance with advanced wastewater treatment standards by municipal sewerage works, have played a key role in Tampa Bay management efforts. The technical basis and implementation plan of the Tampa Bay nitrogen management strategy have been developed in cooperation with state and federal regulatory agencies, and the strategy has been recognized by them as an appropriate tool for meeting water-quality standards, including federally mandated total maximum daily loads. Subsequent management efforts have focused on maintaining and extending those improvements in Tampa Bay's environmental resources by addressing water and sediment quality and habitat protection and restoration. Implementation of a collaborative, watershed-based management process, driven by an integrated science approach, has played a central role in supporting progress toward the achievement of science-based estuary management goals. C1 [Morrison, G.] BCI Engineers & Scientists Inc, Lakeland, FL 33803 USA. [Greening, H. S.] Tampa Bay Estuary Program, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Yates, K. K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Morrison, G (reprint author), BCI Engineers & Scientists Inc, Lakeland, FL 33803 USA. NR 130 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0 PY 2011 BP 31 EP 76 PG 46 WC Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BA2VG UT WOS:000333927200003 ER PT J AU Nicholls, RJ Woodroffe, CD Burkett, V Hay, J Wong, PP Nurse, L AF Nicholls, R. J. Woodroffe, C. D. Burkett, V. Hay, J. Wong, P. P. Nurse, L. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Scenarios for Coastal Vulnerability Assessment SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 12: ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS OF ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOCIOECONOMIC SCENARIOS; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER DESALINATION; SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION; CORAL CALCIFICATION; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION AB Coastal vulnerability assessments tend to focus mainly on climate change and especially on sea-level rise. Assessment of the influence of nonclimatic environmental change or socioeconomic change is less well developed and these drivers are often completely ignored. Given that the most profound coastal changes of the twentieth century due to nonclimate drivers are likely to continue through the twenty-first century, this is a major omission. It may result in not only overstating the importance of climate change but also overlooking significant interactions of climate change and other drivers. To support the development of policies relating to climate change and coastal management, integrated assessments of climatic change in coastal areas are required, including the effects of all the relevant drivers. This chapter explores the development of scenarios (or 'plausible futures') of relevant climate and nonclimate drivers that can be used for coastal analysis, with an emphasis on the nonclimate drivers. It shows the importance of analyzing the impacts of climate change and sea-level rise in a broader context of coastal change and all its drivers. This will improve the analysis of impacts, key vulnerabilities, and adaptation needs and, hence, inform climate and coastal policy. Stakeholder engagement is important in the development of scenarios, and the underlying assumptions need to be explicit, transparent, and open to scientific debate concerning their uncertainties/ realism and likelihood. C1 [Nicholls, R. J.] Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Woodroffe, C. D.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Burkett, V.] US Geol Survey, Many, LA USA. [Hay, J.] Ibaraki Univ, Ibaraki, Japan. [Wong, P. P.] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Nurse, L.] Univ W Indies, St Michael, Barbados. RP Nicholls, RJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. RI Nicholls, Robert/G-3898-2010 OI Nicholls, Robert/0000-0002-9715-1109 NR 164 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0 PY 2011 BP 289 EP 303 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA2VK UT WOS:000333928000014 ER PT J AU King, JN AF King, J. N. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Analytical Characterization of Selective Benthic Flux Components in Estuarine and Coastal Waters SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 9: ESTUARINE AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MODELLING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; SEEPAGE METERS; BERNOULLIS REVENGE; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; NONLINEAR DIFFUSION; ADVECTIVE TRANSPORT; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FREE-SURFACE; FLOW AB Benthic flux is the rate of flow across the bed of a water body, per unit area of bed. It is forced by component mechanisms, which interact. For example, pressure gradients across the bed, forced by tide, surface gravity waves, density gradients, bed-current interaction, turbulence, and terrestrial hydraulic gradients, drive an advective benthic flux of water and constituents between estuarine and coastal waters, and surficial aquifers. Other mechanisms also force benthic flux, such as chemical gradients, bioturbation, and dispersion. A suite of component mechanisms force a total benthic flux at any given location, where each member of the suite contributes a component benthic flux. Currently, the types and characteristics of component interactions are not fully understood. For example, components may interact linearly or nonlinearly, and the interaction may be constructive or destructive. Benthic flux is a surface water-groundwater interaction process. Its discharge component to a marine water body is referred to, in some literature, as submarine groundwater discharge. Benthic flux is important in characterizing water and constituent budgets of estuarine and coastal systems. Analytical models to characterize selective benthic flux components are reviewed. Specifically, these mechanisms are for the component associated with the groundwater tidal prism, and forced by surface gravity wave setup, surface gravity waves on a plane bed, and the terrestrial hydraulic gradient. Analytical models are applied to the Indian River Lagoon, Florida; Great South Bay, New York; and the South Atlantic Bight in South Carolina and portions of North Carolina. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. RP King, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0 PY 2011 BP 397 EP 423 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BA2VA UT WOS:000333925800016 ER PT J AU Peters, NE Bohlke, JK Brooks, PD Burt, TP Gooseff, MN Hamilton, DP Mulholland, PJ Roulet, NT Turner, JV AF Peters, N. E. Boehlke, J. K. Brooks, P. D. Burt, T. P. Gooseff, M. N. Hamilton, D. P. Mulholland, P. J. Roulet, N. T. Turner, J. V. BE Wilderer, P TI Hydrology and Biogeochemistry Linkages SO TREATISE ON WATER SCIENCE, VOL 2: THE SCIENCE OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA REDWOOD FOREST; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; WATER-TABLE FLUCTUATIONS; EUROPEAN SURFACE WATERS; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GRADIENT TRACER TESTS; SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO C1 [Peters, N. E.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Brooks, P. D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Burt, T. P.] Univ Durham, Durham, England. [Gooseff, M. N.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hamilton, D. P.] Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Mulholland, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Roulet, N. T.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Turner, J. V.] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA, Australia. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RI Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 429 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53199-5 PY 2011 BP 271 EP 304 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA2FH UT WOS:000333356000012 ER PT J AU Walling, DE Wilkinson, SN Horowitz, AJ AF Walling, D. E. Wilkinson, S. N. Horowitz, A. J. BE Wilderer, P TI Catchment Erosion, Sediment Delivery, and Sediment Quality SO TREATISE ON WATER SCIENCE, VOL 2: THE SCIENCE OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; PARTICLE-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; FALLOUT PB-210 MEASUREMENTS; HIGHLY URBANIZED CATCHMENT; TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT; ESTIMATE SOIL-EROSION C1 [Walling, D. E.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Wilkinson, S. N.] CSIRO Land & Water, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Horowitz, A. J.] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Walling, DE (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. NR 368 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53199-5 PY 2011 BP 305 EP 338 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA2FH UT WOS:000333356000013 ER PT J AU Bencala, KE AF Bencala, K. E. BE Wilderer, P TI Stream-Groundwater Interactions SO TREATISE ON WATER SCIENCE, VOL 2: THE SCIENCE OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GLACIAL MELTWATER STREAM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; MOUNTAIN STREAM; AQUIFER SYSTEM; ALLUVIAL AQUIFERS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bencala, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 124 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53199-5 PY 2011 BP 537 EP 546 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA2FH UT WOS:000333356000021 ER PT B AU Niemela, J Breuste, J Elmqvist, T Guntenspergen, G James, P McIntyre, N AF Niemela, Jari Breuste, Juergen Elmqvist, Thomas Guntenspergen, Glenn James, Philip McIntyre, Nancy BE Niemela, J TI Urban Ecology Patterns, Processes, and Applications Introduction SO URBAN ECOLOGY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CENTRAL-EUROPEAN CITY; FOXES VULPES-VULPES; LAND-USE CHANGE; GENETIC POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HUMAN SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; GROWING METROPOLITAN-AREA; QUALITY ASSESSMENT INDEX; FRESH-WATER MARSH; DOMESTIC GARDENS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES C1 [Niemela, Jari] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Breuste, Juergen] Salzburg Univ, Urban & Landscape Ecol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. [Elmqvist, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Elmqvist, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Guntenspergen, Glenn] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [James, Philip] Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [McIntyre, Nancy] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Niemela, J (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, POB 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NR 1283 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-177471-3; 978-0-19-956356-2 PY 2011 BP 1 EP + D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001 PG 48 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6RW UT WOS:000354450700001 ER PT B AU Guntenspergen, GR AF Guntenspergen, Glenn R. BE Niemela, J TI Urban Ecology Patterns, Processes, and Applications Introduction SO URBAN ECOLOGY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Guntenspergen, GR (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Suite 4039,12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-177471-3; 978-0-19-956356-2 PY 2011 BP 75 EP 76 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6RW UT WOS:000354450700009 ER PT B AU Guntenspergen, GR AF Guntenspergen, Glenn R. BE Niemela, J TI Urban Ecology Patterns, Processes, and Applications Summary SO URBAN ECOLOGY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Guntenspergen, GR (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Suite 4039,12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-177471-3; 978-0-19-956356-2 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 129 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6RW UT WOS:000354450700015 ER PT B AU Niemela, J Breuste, J Elmqvist, T Guntenspergen, G James, P McIntyre, N AF Niemela, Jari Breuste, Juergen Elmqvist, Thomas Guntenspergen, Glenn James, Philip McIntyre, Nancy BE Niemela, J TI Concluding Remarks: The Way Forward for Urban Ecology SO URBAN ECOLOGY: PATTERNS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Niemela, Jari] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Breuste, Juergen] Salzburg Univ, Urban & Landscape Ecol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. [Elmqvist, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Elmqvist, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Guntenspergen, Glenn] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [James, Philip] Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [McIntyre, Nancy] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Niemela, J (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, POB 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-177471-3; 978-0-19-956356-2 PY 2011 BP 319 EP 321 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.001.0001 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6RW UT WOS:000354450700038 ER PT J AU Harris, RB Schwartz, CC Mace, RD Haroldson, MA AF Harris, Richard B. Schwartz, Charles C. Mace, Richard D. Haroldson, Mark A. TI Study design and sampling intensity for demographic analyses of bear populations SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; demographic analysis; grizzly bear; lambda; rate of increase; sample size; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; variability ID YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEAR; NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; AMERICAN BLACK BEARS; OF-THE-YEAR; URSUS-AMERICANUS; SURVIVAL RATES; GROWTH; CUBS; REPRODUCTION; ESTIMATORS AB The rate of population change through time (lambda) is a fundamental element of a wildlife population's conservation status, yet estimating it with acceptable precision for bears is difficult. For studies that follow known (usually marked) bears, lambda can be estimated during some defined time by applying either life-table or matrix projection methods to estimates of individual vital rates. Usually however, confidence intervals surrounding the estimate are broader than one would like. Using an estimator suggested by Doak et al. (2005), we explored the precision to be expected in lambda from demographic analyses of typical grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black (U americanus) bear data sets. We also evaluated some trade-offs among vital rates in sampling strategies. Confidence intervals around lambda were more sensitive to adding to the duration of a short (e.g., 3 yrs) than a long (e.g., 10 yrs) study, and more sensitive to adding additional bears to studies with small (e.g., 10 adult females/yr) than large (e.g., 30 adult females/yr) sample sizes. Confidence intervals of lambda projected using process-only variance of vital rates were only slightly smaller than those projected using total variances of vital rates. Under sampling constraints typical of most bear studies, it may be more efficient to invest additional resources into monitoring recruitment and juvenile survival rates of females already a part of the study, than to simply increase the sample size of study females. C1 [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Schwartz, Charles C.; Haroldson, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Mace, Richard D.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT USA. RP Harris, RB (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM rharris@montana.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain-Prairie Region; Office of Grizzly Bear Recovery Coordinator FX This study was supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain-Prairie Region and the Office of Grizzly Bear Recovery Coordinator. We thank C. Servheen for encouragement and advice. D. Doak graciously provided assistance in modifying the MATLAB program used in the analysis. We thank M. Hebblewhite, J. Clark, J. McDonald, and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved earlier drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 27 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 761CF UT WOS:000290372000003 ER PT J AU Steinman, AD Nicholas, JR Seelbach, PW Allan, JW Ruswick, F AF Steinman, Alan D. Nicholas, James R. Seelbach, Paul W. Allan, Jon W. Ruswick, Frank TI Science as a fundamental framework for shaping policy discussions regarding the use of groundwater in the State of Michigan: a case study SO WATER POLICY LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Groundwater withdrawal; Michigan; Science policy; Sustainability ID WATER; MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; STREAMS; FISHES; MODEL AB The availability and use of freshwater is a growing concern in the United States and around the globe. Despite apparently abundant water resources, several conflicts over water use have emerged in the Great Lakes region and the State of Michigan. These conflicts resulted in state legislation that both addresses water withdrawal from the Great Lakes Basin and requires the State of Michigan to begin a process to address the sustainability of water resources. The former resulted in Michigan's support of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Water Resources Compact, whereas the of sustainable use of water, the creation of a water withdrawal assessment process to determine if a proposed withdrawal will create an adverse resource impact in the state, and how the lessons learned in Michigan may be applied to other units of government addressing similar issues. Attention is also given to the Compact, as it provides important context for the Council's formation. C1 [Steinman, Alan D.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Nicholas, James R.] USGS Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Seelbach, Paul W.] Fisheries Res Inst, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Allan, Jon W.] Consumers Energy Co, Jackson, MI 49201 USA. [Ruswick, Frank] Michigan Dept Environm Qual, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Steinman, AD (reprint author), Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 W Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steinmaa@gvsu.edu OI Steinman, Alan/0000-0002-4886-4305 FU Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Environmental Council; Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX The authors are extremely grateful to all the Council members (during both Phases), who contributed their time, energy, and knowledge to this process. In addition, we are grateful to the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, who provided funding to develop the water withdrawal assessment tool, and to the Michigan Environmental Council and Great Lakes Fishery Trust, who provided funding to support the Sustainability Workshop. Comments by Mary Ogdahl (AWRI), Dave Hamilton (MDEQ), Howard Reeves (USGS), and Randy Hunt (USGS) greatly improved the manuscript. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1366-7017 J9 WATER POLICY JI Water Policy PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 69 EP 86 DI 10.2166/wp.2010.047 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 710KO UT WOS:000286510700006 ER PT J AU Badgley, BD Ferguson, J Heuvel, AV Kleinheinz, GT McDermott, CM Sandrin, TR Kinzelman, J Junion, EA Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Sadowsky, MJ AF Badgley, Brian D. Ferguson, John Heuvel, Amy Vanden Kleinheinz, Gregory T. McDermott, Colleen M. Sandrin, Todd R. Kinzelman, Julie Junion, Emily A. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Multi-scale temporal and spatial variation in genotypic composition of Cladophora-borne Escherichia coli populations in Lake Michigan SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE E. coli; Cladophora; Population structure; Variability; Indicator bacteria; Great Lakes ID NEARSHORE WATER; INDICATOR BACTERIA; GREAT-LAKES; BEACH SAND; CHLOROPHYTA; GLOMERATA; COMMUNITIES; ENTEROCOCCI; DIVERSITY; SUPERIOR AB High concentrations of Escherichia coli in mats of Cladophora in the Great Lakes have raised concern over the continued use of this bacterium as an indicator of microbial water quality. Determining the impacts of these environmentally abundant E. coli, however, necessitates a better understanding of their ecology. In this study, the population structure of 4285 Cladophora-borne E. coli isolates, obtained over multiple three day periods from Lake Michigan Cladophora mats in 2007-2009, was examined by using DNA fingerprint analyses. In contrast to previous studies that have been done using isolates from attached Cladophora obtained over large time scales and distances, the extensive sampling done here on free-floating mats over successive days at multiple sites provided a large dataset that allowed for a detailed examination of changes in population structure over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. While Cladophora-borne E. coli populations were highly diverse and consisted of many unique isolates, multiple clonal groups were also present and accounted for approximately 33% of all isolates examined. Patterns in population structure were also evident. At the broadest scales, E. coli populations showed some temporal clustering when examined by year, but did not show good spatial distinction among sites. E. coli population structure also showed significant patterns at much finer temporal scales. Populations were distinct on an individual mat basis at a given site, and on individual days within a single mat. Results of these studies indicate that Cladophora-borne E. coli populations consist of a mixture of stable, and possibly naturalized, strains that persist during the life of the mat, and more unique, transient strains that can change over rapid time scales. It is clear that further study of microbial processes at fine spatial and temporal scales is needed, and that caution must be taken when interpolating short term microbial dynamics from results obtained from weekly or monthly samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Badgley, Brian D.; Ferguson, John; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Badgley, Brian D.; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Heuvel, Amy Vanden; Kleinheinz, Gregory T.; McDermott, Colleen M.; Sandrin, Todd R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Kinzelman, Julie; Junion, Emily A.] City Racine Hlth Dept, Racine, WI USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Sadowsky@umn.edu RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 FU University of Wisconsin; University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX This study was supported, in part, from grants from the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Research Program and from the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (to MJS). This article is contribution number 1607 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.041 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 714EO UT WOS:000286790500031 PM 20851450 ER PT S AU Kharaka, YK Drennan, DM AF Kharaka, Yousif K. Drennan, Dina M. BE Scozzari, A ElMansouri, B TI Geologic Storage of CO2 to Mitigate Global Warming and Related Water Resources Issues SO WATER SECURITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: AN INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT, CONTROL, AND GOVERNANCE APPROACHES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Security - Water Security, Management and Control CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Marrakech, MOROCCO SP NATO DE Geologic storage; GHG; Global warming; Water resources ID DEEP-SALINE AQUIFERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CAPACITY ESTIMATION; BRINE AQUIFER; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-SEA; SEQUESTRATION; INJECTION; SITE; USA AB Global warming and resulting climate changes are arguably the most important environmental challenges facing the world in this century. Average global temperature is now approximately 0.8 degrees C higher than during pre-industrial times, and is projected to increase by 2-6 degrees C by 2100. Related climate changes with potential adverse environmental impacts may include: (i) sea-level rise from the alpine glaciers and ice sheets melting and from the ocean thermal expansion; (ii) increased frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, tropical storms and wildfires; and (iii) changes in the amount, timing, and distribution of rain, snow, and runoff. Results from global simulation modeling indicate that parts of both the southwestern USA and North Africa would experience increased drought frequency and water stress in the coming decades; model predictions indicate that precipitation in these two regions will decrease by about 20% by 2050. There is a broad scientific consensus that global warming and related climate changes are caused primarily by increased concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG), especially CO2, emitted from the burning of fossil fuels. The amount of anthropogenic CO2 currently added to the atmosphere is about 30 billion ton/year, and this could double by 2050. Capture and sequestration of CO2 in depleted petroleum fields and saline aquifers in sedimentary basins is one plausible option to reduce GHG emissions and mitigate global warming. Currently there are five commercial projects that capture and inject about seven million tons of CO2 annually; data from these, from enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations and from pilot sites provide valuable experience for assessing the efficacy of carbon capture and sequestration. Detailed chemical and isotopic analyses of water, associated gases, and added tracers obtained from Frio field tests, Texas, proved powerful tools in: (i) tracking the successful injection and flow of CO2 in the "C" sandstone; (ii) detecting some leakage of CO2 into the overlying "B" sandstone; (iii) showing mobilization of metals and toxic organic compounds; (iv) showing major changes in chemical and isotopic compositions of formation water, including a dramatic drop in calculated brine pH, from 6.3 to 3.0. Significant isotopic and chemical changes were also observed in shallow groundwater following CO2 injection at the ZERT field site, Montana. These field tests indicate that highly sensitive chemical and isotopic tracers can effectively monitor injection performance and provide early detection of CO2 and brine leakages into potable groundwater. C1 [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Drennan, Dina M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-1625-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 129 EP 152 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1623-0_10 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBV58 UT WOS:000308343800010 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA AF Middleton, Beth A. BE LePage, BA TI Multidisciplinary Approaches to Climate Change Questions SO WETLANDS: INTEGRATING MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONCEPTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Multidisciplinary approaches are required to address the complex environmental problems of our time. Solutions to climate change problems are good examples of situations requiring complex syntheses of ideas from a vast set of disciplines including science, engineering, social science, and the humanities. Unfortunately, most ecologists have narrow training, and are not equipped to bring their environmental skills to the table with interdisciplinary teams to help solve multidisciplinary problems. To address this problem, new graduate training programs and workshops sponsored by various organizations are providing opportunities for scientists and others to learn to work together in multidisciplinary teams. Two examples of training in multidisciplinary thinking include those organized by the Santa Fe Institute and Dahlem Workshops. In addition, many interdisciplinary programs have had successes in providing insight into climate change problems including the International Panel on Climate Change, the Joint North American Carbon Program, the National Academy of Science Research Grand Challenges Initiatives, and the National Academy of Science. These programs and initiatives have had some notable success in outlining some of the problems and solutions to climate change. Scientists who can offer their specialized expertise to interdisciplinary teams will be more successful in helping to solve the complex problems related to climate change. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-94-007-0550-0 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0551-7_7 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0551-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDF35 UT WOS:000313004700008 ER PT S AU Conrow, R Lowe, EF Coveney, MF Rauschenberger, RH Masson, G AF Conrow, Roxanne Lowe, Edgar F. Coveney, Michael F. Rauschenberger, R. Heath Masson, Greg BE Elliott, JE Bishop, CA Morrissey, CA TI Restoration of Lake Apopka's North Shore Marsh: High Hopes, Tough Times, and Persistent Progress SO WILDLIFE ECOTOXICOLOGY: FORENSIC APPROACHES SE Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The story of Lake Apopka is a familiar one to many Floridians and has gained international notoriety. The 12,500-ha lake was once a world-class bass fishery. Then, a century-long decline occurred, traced to the loss of over 8,000 ha of wetlands to farming operations, agricultural discharges laden with phosphorus to the lake, treated wastewater discharges, and input from citrus processing plants. The state of Florida and the Federal Government purchased the property with the goal of restoring the aquatic habitat. Shortly after flooding in the winter of 1998-1999, a bird mortality event occurred, resulting in the deaths of 676 birds, primarily American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), and also including 43 endangered wood storks (Mycteria americana), 58 great blue herons (Ardea herodias), and 34 great egrets (Casmerodius albus). The deaths of the birds, attributed to pesticide toxicosis, resulted in years of research and remediation to ensure the future safety of wildlife on the property. Presently, about 3,000 ha of wetlands have been rehydrated since resuming restoration activities, with no adverse effects to wildlife. The following chapter presents the history of Lake Apopka, the efforts to restore it, and what we have learned along the way. C1 [Conrow, Roxanne; Lowe, Edgar F.; Coveney, Michael F.] St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. [Masson, Greg] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Rauschenberger, R. Heath] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, N Florida Ecol Serv Field Off, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. RP Conrow, R (reprint author), St Johns River Water Management Dist, POB 1429, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. EM rconrow@sjrwmd.com; elowe@sjrwmd.com; mcoveney@sjrwmd.com; Heath_Rauschenberger@fws.gov; Greg_Masson@fws.gov NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1868-1344 BN 978-0-387-89431-7 J9 EMERG TOP ECOTOXICOL JI Emrg. Top. Ecotox. PY 2011 VL 3 BP 189 EP 211 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89432-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89432-4 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BYV31 UT WOS:000300582100007 ER PT J AU Reed, RN Hart, KM Rodda, GH Mazzotti, FJ Snow, RW Cherkiss, M Rozar, R Goetz, S AF Reed, Robert N. Hart, Kristen M. Rodda, Gordon H. Mazzotti, Frank J. Snow, Ray W. Cherkiss, Michael Rozar, Ronald Goetz, Scott TI A field test of attractant traps for invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) in southern Florida SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BROWN TREESNAKES; SIZE; GUAM AB Context. Invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) are established over thousands of square kilometres of southern Florida, USA, and consume a wide range of native vertebrates. Few tools are available to control the python population, and none of the available tools have been validated in the field to assess capture success as a proportion of pythons available to be captured. Aims. Our primary aim was to conduct a trap trial for capturing invasive pythons in an area east of Everglades National Park, where many pythons had been captured in previous years, to assess the efficacy of traps for population control. We also aimed to compare results of visual surveys with trap capture rates, to determine capture rates of non-target species, and to assess capture rates as a proportion of resident pythons in the study area. Methods. We conducted a medium-scale (6053 trap nights) experiment using two types of attractant traps baited with live rats in the Frog Pond area east of Everglades National Park. We also conducted standardised and opportunistic visual surveys in the trapping area. Following the trap trial, the area was disc harrowed to expose pythons and allow calculation of an index of the number of resident pythons. Key results. We captured three pythons and 69 individuals of various rodent, amphibian, and reptile species in traps. Eleven pythons were discovered during disc harrowing operations, as were large numbers of rodents. Conclusions. The trap trial captured a relatively small proportion of the pythons that appeared to be present in the study area, although previous research suggests that trap capture rates improve with additional testing of alternative trap designs. Potential negative impacts to non-target species were minimal. Low python capture rates may have been associated with extremely high local prey abundances during the trap experiment. Implications. Results of this trial illustrate many of the challenges in implementing and interpreting results from tests of control tools for large cryptic predators such as Burmese pythons. C1 [Reed, Robert N.; Rodda, Gordon H.; Rozar, Ronald; Goetz, Scott] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie Field Off, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Cherkiss, Michael] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Snow, Ray W.] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Reed, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM reedr@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service; South Florida Water Management District FX Research and collecting permits were issued by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the South Florida Water Management District, and research methods were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center. Funding was provided by the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science program of the US Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the South Florida Water Management District. We thank G. R. Best and L. Rodgers for facilitating this project, J. Borek for post-trapping agricultural treatment, and J. Beauchamp, M. Cook, M. Denton, S. Dewees, Y. Escribano, T. Hill, B. Jeffery, T. Kieckhefer, E. Larrivee, M. Miller, M. Rochford, T. Walters, and A. Wolf for assistance with fieldwork, data management, and/or assistance with graphics. G. D. Wylie and M. E. Dorcas provided valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 101 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1071/WR10202 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 752ZB UT WOS:000289732900003 ER PT J AU Tripp, KM Verstegen, JP Deutsch, CJ Bonde, RK de Wit, M Manire, CA Gaspard, J Harr, KE AF Tripp, Kathleen M. Verstegen, John P. Deutsch, Charles J. Bonde, Robert K. de Wit, Martine Manire, Charles A. Gaspard, Joseph Harr, Kendal E. TI Evaluation of Adrenocortical Function in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACTH; cortisol; glucocorticoid; marine mammal; stress ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; STRESS; VALIDATION; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; REPRODUCTION; INDICATORS; REGRESSION; PHYSIOLOGY; ELEPHANTS AB The study objectives were to determine the predominant manatee glucocorticoid; validate assays to measure this glucocorticoid and adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH); determine diagnostic thresholds to distinguish physiological vs. pathological concentrations; identify differences associated with sex, age class, female reproductive status, capture time, and lactate; and determine the best methods for manatee biologists and clinicians to diagnose stress. Cortisol is the predominant manatee glucocorticoid. IMMULITE 1000 assays for cortisol and ACTH were validated. Precision yielded intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for serum cortisol: <= 23.5 and <= 16.7%; and ACTH: <= 6.9 and <= 8.5%. Accuracy resulted in a mean adjusted R-2 >= 0.87 for serum cortisol and >= 0.96 for ACTH. Assay analytical sensitivities for cortisol (0.1 mu g/dl) and ACTH (10.0 pg/ml) were verified. Methods were highly correlated with another IMMULITE 1000 for serum cortisol (r = 50.97) and ACTH (r = 50.98). There was no significant variation in cortisol or ACTH with sex or age class and no correlation with female progesterone concentrations. Cortisol concentrations were highest in unhealthy manatees, chronically stressed by disease or injury. ACTH was greatest in healthy free-ranging or short-term rehabilitating individuals, peracutely stressed by capture and handling. Cortisol concentrations >= 1.0 mu g/dl were diagnostic of chronic stress; ACTH concentrations >= 87.5 pg/ml were diagnostic of peracute stress. In healthy long-term captive manatees, cortisol (0.4 +/- 0.2 mu g/dl) and ACTH (47.7 +/- 15.9 pg/ml) concentrations were lower than healthy free-ranging, short-term rehabilitated or unhealthy manatees. Capture time was not significantly correlated with cortisol; ACTH correlation was borderline significant. Cortisol and ACTH were positively correlated with lactate. Zoo Biol 30: 17-31, 2011. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Tripp, Kathleen M.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Gainesville, FL USA. [Verstegen, John P.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med LACS, Gainesville, FL USA. [Deutsch, Charles J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Wildlife Res Lab, Gainesville, FL USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL USA. [de Wit, Martine] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Marine Mammal Pathobiol Lab, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Manire, Charles A.] Atlantis Resort, Paradise Isl, Bahamas. [Gaspard, Joseph] Mote Marine Lab & Aquarium, Sarasota, FL USA. [Harr, Kendal E.] Idexx Labs Inc, Langley, BC, Canada. RP Tripp, KM (reprint author), Save Manatee Club, 500 N Maitland Ave, Maitland, FL 32751 USA. EM ktripp@savethemanatee.org OI Harr, Kendal/0000-0001-5390-3586; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) [MA773494-8, MA791721, MA067116-0]; University of Florida IACUC [D956, 06-10-KT1]; FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute FX Samples were collected under United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Permit Nos. MA773494-8 (FWC-FWRI) and MA791721 (USGS Sirenia Project). Serum was analyzed at the University of Florida under USFWS permit No. MA067116-0 and with University of Florida IACUC approval No. D956. The Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium sampling was completed under IACUC approval from that institution (registration number: 06-10-KT1). Mention of trademarks or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. or State Governments.; Grant sponsor: United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Grant numbers: MA773494-8 (FWC-FWRI); MA791721 (USGS Sirenia Project); # MA067116-0; Grant sponsors: IACUC; FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0733-3188 EI 1098-2361 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1002/zoo.20311 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 724UL UT WOS:000287601600003 PM 20187090 ER PT J AU Murphy, RW Berry, KH Edwards, T Leviton, AE Lathrop, A Riedle, JD AF Murphy, Robert W. Berry, Kristin H. Edwards, Taylor Leviton, Alan E. Lathrop, Amy Riedle, J. Daren TI The dazed and confused identity of Agassiz's land tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Testudines, Testudinidae) with the description of a new species, and its consequences for conservation SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Lectotype; Xerobates; Gopherus lepidocephalus; desert tortoise; recovery units; California; Arizona; Mexico ID NORTH-AMERICAN TORTOISES; SOUTH-CENTRAL ARIZONA; DESERT TORTOISE; GENUS GOPHERUS; SONORAN DESERT; EGG-PRODUCTION; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA AB We investigate a cornucopia of problems associated with the identity of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Cooper). The date of publication is found to be 1861, rather than 1863. Only one of the three original cotypes exists, and it is designated as the lectotype of the species. Another cotype is found to have been destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and subsequent fire. The third is lost. The lectotype is genetically confirmed to be from California, and not Arizona, USA as sometimes reported. Maternally, the holotype of G. lepidocephalus (Ottley & Velazques Solis. 1989) from the Cape Region of Baja California Sur, Mexico is also from the Mojavian population of the desert tortoise, and not from Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico as previously proposed. A suite of characters serve to diagnose tortoises west and north of the Colorado River, the Mojavian population, from those east and south of the river in Arizona, USA, and Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, the Sonoran population. Species recognition is warranted and because G. lepidocephalus is from the Mojavian population, no names are available for the Sonoran species. Thus, a new species, Gopherus morafkai sp. n., is named and this action reduces the distribution of G. agassizii to only 30% of its former range. This reduction has important implications for the conservation and protection of G. agassizii, which may deserve a higher level of protection. C1 [Murphy, Robert W.; Lathrop, Amy] Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Murphy, Robert W.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Genet Resources & Evolut, Kunming Inst Zool, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Edwards, Taylor] Univ Arizona Genet Core, Arizona Res Labs, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Leviton, Alan E.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Herpetol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Riedle, J. Daren] Lincoln Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. RP Murphy, RW (reprint author), Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, 100 Queens Pk, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. EM bob.murphy@utoronto.ca OI Murphy, Robert/0000-0001-8555-2338 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [A3148]; University of California, Los Angeles (Ken Nagy); California State University Dominguez Hills (David Morafka), Fort Irwin; Edwards Air Force Base; Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center - Twentynine Palms (Brian Henen); U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Jose Rosado (MCZ, Harvard), Pat Holroyd (UCMP) and Ted Daeschler (ANSP, Philadelphia) for checking their collection records for the missing syntypes. Jack Sites, Jr. provided tissue samples of the holotype of G. lepidocephalus and George R. Zug and Robert P. Reynolds did the same for the lectotype of G. agassizii; their services to science are exemplary. Chunmei Huang assisted with locating obscure literature. Sylvia Morafka graciously offered her home in support of our research at the California Academy of Sciences. Christina Davy, Ross MacCulloch, Peter Paul van Dyke, Brian Henen, and Trip Lamb provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Jens Vindum (CAS) provided on-site space and access to the Academy's collections of G. agassizii for study, and Addison Wynn (USNM) arranged for us to examine and photograph the syntype of Xerobates agassizii. Laboratory research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant A3148 to RWM. Fieldwork and travel was supported by contracts from University of California, Los Angeles (Ken Nagy), California State University Dominguez Hills (David Morafka), Fort Irwin (William Quillman), Edwards Air Force Base (Mark Hagan and Mark Bratton), the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center - Twentynine Palms (Brian Henen), and the U.S. Geological Survey (to KHB). This manuscript is contribution No. 2011-01 from the Cooperative Research Programs, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri. Tissue samples were shipped from the USA to Canada using CITES Exempt Permits issued to BYU, USNM and ROM. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 85 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 31 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2011 IS 113 BP 39 EP 71 DI 10.3897/zookeys.113.1353 PG 33 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 809XI UT WOS:000294089600002 PM 21976992 ER PT J AU Mooney, WD Kaban, MK AF Mooney, Walter D. Kaban, Mikhail K. TI The North American upper mantle: Density, composition, and evolution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL UPPER-MANTLE; EXPERIMENTAL ISOSTASY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; HEAT-FLOW; CRATONIC LITHOSPHERE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; THERMAL STRUCTURE; WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; CRUSTAL MODEL AB The upper mantle of North America has been well studied using various seismic methods. Here we investigate the density structure of the North American (NA) upper mantle based on the integrative use of the gravity field and seismic data. The basis of our study is the removal of the gravitational effect of the crust to determine the mantle gravity anomalies. The effect of the crust is removed in three steps by subtracting the gravitational contributions of (1) topography and bathymetry, (2) low-density sedimentary accumulations, and (3) the three-dimensional density structure of the crystalline crust as determined by seismic observations. Information regarding sedimentary accumulations, including thickness and density, are taken from published maps and summaries of borehole measurements of densities; the seismic structure of the crust is based on a recent compilation, with layer densities estimated from P-wave velocities. The resultant mantle gravity anomaly map shows a pronounced negative anomaly (-50 to -400 mGal) beneath western North America and the adjacent oceanic region and positive anomalies (+50 to +350 mGal) east of the NA Cordillera. This pattern reflects the well-known division of North America into the stable eastern region and the tectonically active western region. The close correlation of large-scale features of the mantle anomaly map with those of the topographic map indicates that a significant amount of the topographic uplift in western NA is due to buoyancy in the hot upper mantle, a conclusion supported by previous investigations. To separate the contributions of mantle temperature anomalies from mantle compositional anomalies, we apply an additional correction to the mantle anomaly map for the thermal structure of the uppermost mantle. The thermal model is based on the conversion of seismic shear-wave velocities to temperature and is consistent with mantle temperatures that are independently estimated from heat flow and heat production data. The thermally corrected mantle density map reveals density anomalies that are chiefly due to compositional variations. These compositional density anomalies cause gravitational anomalies that reach similar to 250 mGal. A pronounced negative anomaly (-50 to -200 mGal) is found over the Canadian shield, which is consistent with chemical depletion and a corresponding low density of the lithospheric mantle, also referred to as the mantle tectosphere. The strongest positive anomaly is coincident with the Gulf of Mexico and indicates a positive density anomaly in the upper mantle, possibly an eclogite layer that has caused subsidence in the Gulf. Two linear positive anomalies are also seen south of 40 degrees N: one with a NE-SW trend in the eastern United States, roughly coincident with the Grenville-Appalachians, and a second with a NW-SE trend beneath the states of Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. These anomalies are interpreted as being due to (1) the presence of remnants of an oceanic slab in the upper mantle beneath the Grenville-Appalachian suture and (2) mantle thickening caused by a period of shallow, flat subduction during the Laramie orogeny, respectively. Based on these geophysical results, the evolution of the NA upper mantle is depicted in a series of maps and cartoons that display the primary processes that have formed and modified the NA crust and lithospheric upper mantle. C1 [Kaban, Mikhail K.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14478 Potsdam, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A17, D-14478 Potsdam, Germany. EM mooney@usgs.gov FU USGS; German Geosciences Research Center (GFZ), Potsdam; German Research Society [RO-2330/4-1/2] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHERP) and the German Geosciences Research Center (GFZ), Potsdam, and German Research Society grantRO-2330/4-1/2. This paper has was improved by review comments provided by F. Pollitz, S. Detweiler, G. S. Chulick, and journal editor R. Nowack, as well as two anonymous reviewers. NR 101 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12424 DI 10.1029/2010JB000866 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701QR UT WOS:000285837900003 ER PT J AU Peng, ZG Hill, DP Shelly, DR Aiken, C AF Peng, Zhigang Hill, David P. Shelly, David R. Aiken, Chastity TI Remotely triggered microearthquakes and tremor in central California following the 2010 M-w 8.8 Chile earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COSO GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; SEISMICITY; STRESS AB We examine remotely triggered microearthquakes and tectonic tremor in central California following the 2010 M-w 8.8 Chile earthquake. Several microearthquakes near the Coso Geothermal Field were apparently triggered, with the largest earthquake (M-l 3.5) occurring during the large-amplitude Love surface waves. The Chile mainshock also triggered numerous tremor bursts near the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas Fault (SAF). The locally triggered tremor bursts are partially masked at lower frequencies by the regionally triggered earthquake signals from Coso, but can be identified by applying high-pass or matched filters. Both triggered tremor along the SAF and the M-l 3.5 earthquake in Coso are consistent with frictional failure at different depths on critically-stressed faults under the Coulomb failure criteria. The triggered tremor, however, appears to be more phase-correlated with the surface waves than the triggered earthquakes, likely reflecting differences in constitutive properties between the brittle, seismogenic crust and the underlying lower crust. Citation: Peng, Z., D. P. Hill, D. R. Shelly, and C. Aiken (2010), Remotely triggered microearthquakes and tremor in central California following the 2010 Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24312, doi:10.1029/2010GL045462. C1 [Peng, Zhigang; Aiken, Chastity] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hill, David P.; Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Peng, ZG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0809834, EAR-0956051] FX We thank Wei-Chuang Huang at the Naval Weapons Laboratory at China Lake and Wenzheng Yang at the Caltech Seismolab for information on the focal mechanisms for the Ml 3.5 Coso earthquake. We also thank Justin Rubinstein, Joan Gomberg, and two anonymous referees for constructive reviews. Z.P. and C. A. were supported by the National Science Foundation through awards EAR-0809834 and EAR-0956051. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L24312 DI 10.1029/2010GL045462 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 701RQ UT WOS:000285840700002 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP Howard, KA Fleck, RJ Wooden, JL AF Colgan, Joseph P. Howard, Keith A. Fleck, Robert J. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Rapid middle Miocene extension and unroofing of the southern Ruby Mountains, Nevada SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; EAST HUMBOLDT RANGE; LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; NORTHEASTERN NEVADA; TECTONOTHERMAL EVOLUTION; HELIUM DIFFUSION; (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; TERTIARY EXTENSION; SEVIER HINTERLAND AB Paleozoic rocks in the northern Ruby Mountains were metamorphosed during Mesozoic crustal shortening and Cenozoic magmatism, but equivalent strata in the southern Ruby Mountains were never buried deeper than stratigraphic depths prior to exhumation in the footwall of a west dipping brittle normal fault. In the southern Ruby Mountains, Miocene sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall of this fault date from 15.2 to 11.6 Ma and contain abundant detritus from the Paleozoic section. Apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He samples of the Eocene Harrison Pass pluton record rapid cooling that peaked ca. 17-15 Ma, while apatite fission track data from Jurassic plutons east and west of the southern Ruby Mountains indicate near-surface temperatures (<60 degrees C) since the Cretaceous. We interpret these data to record rapid unroofing of the southern Ruby Mountains during slip on the west dipping brittle detachment between 17-16 and 10-12 Ma, followed by minor high-angle faulting. We interpret published Oligocene to early Miocene K-Ar biotite and zircon fission track dates from the Harrison Pass pluton to be partially reset rather than to directly record fault slip. Our new data, together with published data on the distribution and composition of Miocene basin fill, suggest that rapid middle Miocene slip took place on the west dipping brittle detachment that bounds the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range for 150 km along strike. This fault was thus active during a period of rapid extension (ca. 17-15 to 12-10 Ma) documented widely across the northern Basin and Range Province. Citation: Colgan, J. P., K. A. Howard, R. J. Fleck, and J. L. Wooden (2010), Rapid middle Miocene extension and unroofing of the southern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, Tectonics, 29, TC6022, doi: 10.1029/2009TC002655. C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.; Howard, Keith A.; Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 FU USGS FX This project was funded by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to J. Colgan. Tim Lawton at New Mexico State University generously loaned us a copy of Stanford University's unpublished 1978 field map. We are grateful for laboratory assistance from James Metcalf, Julie Fosdick, and Trevor Dumitru at Stanford University, Jeremy Hourigan and Rob Franks at University of California Santa Cruz, and Andrew Calvert at the USGS. David John, Chris Henry, Trevor Dumitru, Constance Nutt, and Andrew Calvert reviewed early versions of the manuscript, and the final version was greatly improved following thorough reviews by Art Snoke and Mike Wells. NR 113 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 29 AR TC6022 DI 10.1029/2009TC002655 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701QN UT WOS:000285837300002 ER PT J AU James, AL McDonnell, JJ Tromp-van Meerveld, I Peters, NE AF James, April L. McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Tromp-van Meerveld, Ilja Peters, Norman E. TI Gypsies in the palace: experimentalist's view on the use of 3-D physics-based simulation of hillslope hydrological response SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hillslope model; bedrock permeability; threshold; effective parameters; sub-surface flow; TOUGH2 ID WATER-RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS; WEATHERED GRANITIC BEDROCK; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNCHANNELED CATCHMENT; SUBSURFACE FLOW; MULTIPHASE FLOW; COOS-BAY; MODEL; SCALE AB As a fundamental unit of the landscape, hillslopes are studied for their retention and release of water and nutrients across a wide range of ecosystems. The understanding of these near-surface processes is relevant to issues of runoff generation, groundwater-surface water interactions, catchment export of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, contaminants (e. g. mercury) and ultimately surface water health. We develop a 3-D physics-based representation of the Panola Mountain Research Watershed experimental hillslope using the TOUGH2 sub-surface flow and transport simulator. A recent investigation of sub-surface flow within this experimental hillslope has generated important knowledge of threshold rainfall-runoff response and its relation to patterns of transient water table development. This work has identified components of the 3-D sub-surface, such as bedrock topography, that contribute to changing connectivity in saturated zones and the generation of sub-surface stormflow. Here, we test the ability of a 3-D hillslope model (both calibrated and uncalibrated) to simulate forested hillslope rainfall-runoff response and internal transient sub-surface stormflow dynamics. We also provide a transparent illustration of physics-based model development, issues of parameterization, examples of model rejection and usefulness of data types (e.g. runoff, mean soil moisture and transient water table depth) to the model enterprise. Our simulations show the inability of an uncalibrated model based on laboratory and field characterization of soil properties and topography to successfully simulate the integrated hydrological response or the distributed water table within the soil profile. Although not an uncommon result, the failure of the field-based characterized model to represent system behaviour is an important challenge that continues to vex scientists at many scales. We focus our attention particularly on examining the influence of bedrock permeability, soil anisotropy and drainable porosity on the development of patterns of transient groundwater and sub-surface flow. Internal dynamics of transient water table development prove to be essential in determining appropriate model parameterization. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [James, April L.] Nipissing Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, N Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB23 3UF, Scotland. [Tromp-van Meerveld, Ilja] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 4Z1, Canada. [Peters, Norman E.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP James, AL (reprint author), Nipissing Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, N Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. EM aprilj@nipissingu.ca RI van Meerveld, Ilja/C-5146-2011; James, April/D-1415-2012 OI van Meerveld, Ilja/0000-0002-7547-3270; NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 26 BP 3878 EP 3893 DI 10.1002/hyp.7819 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 693VZ UT WOS:000285254800010 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Svarc, JL AF Savage, J. C. Svarc, J. L. TI Postseismic relaxation following the 1994 M(w)6.7 Northridge earthquake, southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID STRAIN ACCUMULATION; DEFORMATION; AFTERSHOCK; GPS AB We have reexamined the postearthquake deformation of a 65 km long linear array of 11 geodetic monuments extending north-south across the rupture (reverse slip on a blind thrust dipping 40 degrees S-20 degrees W) associated with the 1994 M(w)6.7 Northridge earthquake. That array was surveyed frequently in the interval from 4 to 2650 days after the earthquake. The velocity of each of the monuments over the interval 100-2650 days postearthquake appears to be constant. Moreover, the profile of those velocities along the length of the array is very similar to a preearthquake velocity profile for a nearby, similarly oriented array. We take this to indicate that significant postseismic relaxation is evident only in the first 100 days postseismic and that the subsequent linear trend is typical of the interseismic interval. The postseismic relaxation (postseismic displacement less displacement that would have occurred at the preseismic velocity) is found to be almost wholly parallel (N70 degrees W) to the nearby (40 km) San Andreas Fault with only negligible relaxation in the direction of coseismic slip (N20 degrees E) on the Northridge rupture. We suggest that the N70 degrees W relaxation is caused by aseismic, right-lateral slip at depth on the San Andreas Fault, excess slip presumably triggered by the Northridge rupture. Finally, using the Dieterich (1994) stress-seismicity relation, we show that return to the preseismic deformation rate within 100 days following the earthquake could be consistent with the cumulative number of M > 2.5 earthquakes observed following the main shock. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Svarc, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 970,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov; jsvarc@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12420 DI 10.1029/2010JB007754 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 699BY UT WOS:000285640100005 ER PT J AU O'Neel, S Larsen, CF Rupert, N Hansen, R AF O'Neel, Shad Larsen, Christopher F. Rupert, Natalia Hansen, Roger TI Iceberg calving as a primary source of regional-scale glacier-generated seismicity in the St. Elias Mountains, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA GLACIER; SOUTHERN ALASKA; BERING GLACIER; ICEQUAKES; USA; GORNERGLETSCHER; SWITZERLAND; DYNAMICS AB Since the installation of the Alaska Regional Seismic Network in the 1970s, data analysts have noted nontectonic seismic events thought to be related to glacier dynamics. While loose associations with the glaciers of the St. Elias Mountains have been made, no detailed study of the source locations has been undertaken. We performed a two-step investigation surrounding these events, beginning with manual locations that guided an automated detection and event sifting routine. Results from the manual investigation highlight characteristics of the seismic waveforms including single-peaked (narrowband) spectra, emergent onsets, lack of distinct phase arrivals, and a predominant cluster of locations near the calving termini of several neighboring tidewater glaciers. Through these locations, comparison with previous work, analyses of waveform characteristics, frequency-magnitude statistics and temporal patterns in seismicity, we suggest calving as a source for the seismicity. Statistical properties and time series analysis of the event catalog suggest a scale-invariant process that has no single or simple forcing. These results support the idea that calving is often a response to short-lived or localized stress perturbations. Our results demonstrate the utility of passive seismic instrumentation to monitor relative changes in the rate and magnitude of iceberg calving at tidewater glaciers that may be volatile or susceptible to ensuing rapid retreat, especially when existing seismic infrastructure can be used. C1 [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Larsen, Christopher F.; Rupert, Natalia; Hansen, Roger] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP O'Neel, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM soneel@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-0607872]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography Green; USGS FX This work was supported in part by the NSF geophysics program (EAR-0607872). Additional support came from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Green's Scholar program as well as the USGS Glaciology Program. Laura LeBlanc helped with assembly of the calibration set. Substantial improvements can be credited to conversations with Jason Amundson, Dan McNamara, and Stephanie Prejean. Reviews by Bernd Kulessa, Josh Richardson, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved clarity. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR F04034 DI 10.1029/2009JF001598 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699AR UT WOS:000285636800001 ER PT J AU Day-Lewis, A Zoback, M Hickman, S AF Day-Lewis, Amy Zoback, Mark Hickman, Stephen TI Scale-invariant stress orientations and seismicity rates near the San Andreas Fault SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KM DEPTH; B-VALUE; CRYSTALLINE ROCK; CAJON PASS; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; FRACTURES; PARKFIELD; STRENGTH; KTB AB We analyzed measurements of the direction of maximum horizontal compressive stress as a function of depth in two scientific research wells near the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California. We found that the stress orientations exhibit scale-invariant fluctuations over intervals from tens of cm to several km. Similarity between the scaling of the stress orientation fluctuations and the scaling of earthquake frequency with fault size suggests that these fluctuations are controlled by stress perturbations caused by slip on faults of various sizes in the critically-stressed crust adjacent to the fault. The apparent difference in stress scaling parameters between the two studies wells seem to correspond to differences in the earthquake magnitude-frequency statistics for the creeping versus locked sections of the fault along which these two wells are located. This suggests that stress heterogeneity adjacent to active faults like the San Andreas may reflect variations in stresses and loading conditions along the fault. Citation: Day-Lewis, A., M. Zoback, and S. Hickman (2010), Scale-invariant stress orientations and seismicity rates near the San Andreas Fault, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24304, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045025. C1 [Day-Lewis, Amy; Zoback, Mark] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 95305 USA. [Hickman, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Day-Lewis, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Mitchell Bldg,397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 95305 USA. EM zoback@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation; Stanford Rock and Borehole Geophysics Project; U.S. Geological Survey; Society of Exploration Geophysicists Foundation; Society of Professional Well Log Analysts FX The authors thank Gadi Shamir (Ministry of National Infrastructures, Israel) for providing data and Brad Aagaard and Art McGarr of the U. S. Geological Survey for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Earthscope Program, the Stanford Rock and Borehole Geophysics Project, and the U.S. Geological Survey's Earthquake Hazards Program. A. D. L. appreciates support from the Society of Exploration Geophysicists Foundation and the Society of Professional Well Log Analysts. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L24304 DI 10.1029/2010GL045025 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699BK UT WOS:000285638700001 ER PT J AU Buczkowski, DL Murchie, S Clark, R Seelos, K Seelos, F Malaret, E Hash, C AF Buczkowski, Debra L. Murchie, Scott Clark, Roger Seelos, Kim Seelos, Frank Malaret, Erick Hash, Christopher TI Investigation of an Argyre basin ring structure using Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT BASINS; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; SERPENTINES; MORPHOLOGY; DIVERSITY; SMECTITES; ORIENTALE AB The Argyre basin, a large impact basin in the southern highlands of Mars, excavates early Noachian geologic units and thus is an ideal probe of the compositional layering of ancient highland crust. A ring structure defined by circumferential graben is believed to represent the outermost topographic scarp of the basin. Two distinct layers in the fluvially dissected highland plains unit Npld have been exposed by the ring graben in northwest Argyre: a lower unit enriched in high-calcium pyroxene and an upper unit showing laterally extensive occurrences of phyllosilicates, including chlorite and iron-magnesium smectite. These phyllosilicates closely follow the unit contact between unit Npld and Hpl(3) in this region; the Hesperian-aged Hpl(3) caprock directly covers unit Npld. Two nearby knobs also show phyllosilicate-bearing materials over a high-Ca pyroxene-enriched unit, although the knobs are located in regions mapped as Npl(1) and Nplh. From these observations, we suggest that an extensive layer of phyllosilicates underlying a layer of high-Ca pyroxene-bearing rock existed in the region prior to the Argyre impact. These materials were thrown up by the impact event and deposited as an inverted flap. This inverted flap of ejecta was then cut by the circumferential graben that formed as the transient Argyre crater collapsed, exposing the materials. C1 [Buczkowski, Debra L.; Murchie, Scott; Seelos, Kim; Seelos, Frank] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. [Malaret, Erick; Hash, Christopher] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. RP Buczkowski, DL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM debra.buczkowski@jhuapl.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Seelos, Kimberly/F-4647-2015; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016; Buczkowski, Debra/I-7842-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Seelos, Kimberly/0000-0001-7236-0580; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X; Buczkowski, Debra/0000-0002-4729-7804 NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E12011 DI 10.1029/2009JE003508 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696UI UT WOS:000285466500002 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J AF Gomberg, Joan TI Introduction to special section on Phenomenology, Underlying Processes, and Hazard Implications of Aseismic Slip and Nonvolcanic tremor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SILENT SLIP; SLOW; EARTHQUAKES; CASCADIA; EVENTS; PLATE AB This paper introduces the special section on the "phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor" by highlighting key results of the studies published in it. Many of the results indicate that seismic and aseismic manifestations of slow slip reflect transient shear displacements on the plate interface, with the outstanding exception of northern Cascadia where tremor sources have been located on and above the plate interface (differing models of the plate interface there also need to be reconciled). Slow slip phenomena appear to result from propagating deformation that may develop with persistent gaps and segment boundaries. Results add to evidence that when tectonic deformation is relaxed via slow slip, most relaxation occurs aseismically but with seismic signals providing higher-resolution proxies for the aseismic slip. Instead of two distinct slip modes as suggested previously, lines between "fast" and "slow" slip more appropriately may be described as blurry zones. Results reported also show that slow slip sources do not coincide with a specific temperature or metamorphic reaction. Their associations with zones of high conductivity and low shear to compressional wave velocity ratios corroborate source models involving pore fluid pressure buildup and release. These models and spatial anticorrelations between earthquake and tremor activity also corroborate a linkage between slow slip and frictional properties transitional between steady state and stick-slip. Finally, this special section highlights the benefits of global and multidisciplinary studies, which demonstrate that slow phenomena are not confined to beneath the locked zone but exist in many settings. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B00A00 DI 10.1029/2010JB008052 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696UP UT WOS:000285467200005 ER PT J AU Halstead, BJ Wylie, GD Casazza, ML AF Halstead, Brian J. Wylie, Glenn D. Casazza, Michael L. TI Habitat Suitability and Conservation of the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley of California SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SNAKE NATRIX-MAURA; NICHE FACTOR-ANALYSIS; DELTA NE SPAIN; ECOLOGICAL-NICHE; VIPERINE SNAKE; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; AVAILABILITY; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; DYNAMICS AB Resource managers often have little information regarding the habitat requirements and distribution of rare species. Factor analysis-based habitat suitability models describe the ecological niche of a species and identify locations where these conditions occur on the landscape using existing occurrence data. We used factor analyses to assess the suitability of habitats for Thamnophis gigas (Giant Gartersnake), a rare, threatened species endemic to the Central Valley of California, USA, and to map the locations of habitat suitable for T. gigas in the Sacramento Valley. Factor analyses indicated that the niche of T. gigas is composed of sites near rice agriculture with low stream densities. Sites with high canal densities and near wetlands also appeared suitable, but results for these variables were sensitive to potential sampling bias. In the Sacramento Valley, suitable habitats occur primarily in the central portion of the valley floor. Based upon the results of the factor analyses, recovery planning for T. gigas will require an on-the-ground assessment of the current distribution and abundance of T. gigas, maintaining the few remaining natural wetlands and the practice of rice agriculture in the Sacramento Valley, and studying the effects of agricultural practices and land use changes on populations of T. gigas. C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM bhalstead@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU CALFED; California Waterfowl Association; Natomas Basin Conservancy; Solano County Water Agency; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank P. Gore for administrative assistance and the numerous dedicated field biologists who collected data for this project. The staff at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex, including M. Carpenter, M. Wolder, and J. Isola, were especially helpful in facilitating our sampling efforts. D. Kelly with the Recovery Branch of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided data and insight. C. Rochester and J. Yee provided thoughtful reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by CALFED, the California Waterfowl Association, the Natomas Basin Conservancy, the Solano County Water Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Snakes were handled in accordance with the University of California, Davis, Animal Care and Use Protocol 9699 and as stipulated in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Permit TE-020548-5. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 17 PY 2010 IS 4 BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.1643/CE-09-199 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 700KX UT WOS:000285738800007 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Reist, JD Peacock, E Stirling, I AF Rode, Karyn D. Reist, James D. Peacock, Elizabeth Stirling, Ian TI Comments in response to "Estimating the energetic contribution of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) summer diets to the total energy budget" by Dyck and Kebreab (2009) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE fasting; food intake; polar bears; sea ice; terrestrial foraging ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; GROUND GRIZZLY BEARS; ICE-FREE PERIOD; BLACK BEARS; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; ARCTIC CHARR; BROWN BEARS; SERUM UREA; BODY-SIZE; JAMES BAY AB Dyck and Kebreab (2009) analyzed the required summer intake of arctic char, ringed seal blubber, and berries that polar bears must consume to maintain their body mass during a summer ice-free period. Their calculations of required intake were based on the amount of body mass lost by fasting bears in western Hudson Bay. However, fasting polar bears are in a low metabolic state with energetic requirements less than those of an active, feeding bear. Estimates of energy consumed by captive brown bears were 4-4.5 times higher than the estimates used by Dyck and Kebreab for similar diets. Furthermore, the authors' portrayal of the availability of these resources is misleading because they do not acknowledge limited accessibility of arctic char due to their limited anadromy and predominant occurrence in streams too deep to facilitate efficient capture by polar bears; effects of large interannual fluctuations in the availability of berries or competition with other frugivores; high energetic requirements associated with lengthy foraging times required to locate and consume sufficient fruit; and data from southern Hudson Bay, western Hudson Bay, and the southern Beaufort Sea that document continued declines in several biological indices over the past several decades despite the authors' suggested availability of terrestrially based food resources. Based on current information, arctic char, berries, and ringed seals in open water do not appear to be food sources with the potential to offset the nutritional consequences of an extended ice-free period. DOT: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-399.1. C1 [Rode, Karyn D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Reist, James D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic Fish Ecol & Assessment Res Sect, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Peacock, Elizabeth] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM karyn_rode@fws.gov OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Washington State University FX We thank C. Robbins for reviewing an early draft of the manuscript and V. Sahanatien, A. Derocher, M. Obbard, M. Taylor, and N. Lunn for providing personal observations. Additionally, we thank J. Hupp (United States Geological Survey) and S. Talbot (United States Fish and Wildlife Service) for reviewing and providing additional references. KDR also acknowledges the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and Washington State University, which funded the studies in which data on water depth and efficiency of brown bear fishing were collected. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 29 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1517 EP 1523 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-399.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 697RI UT WOS:000285533100022 ER PT J AU Ordenana, MA Crooks, KR Boydston, EE Fisher, RN Lyren, LM Siudyla, S Haas, CD Harris, S Hathaway, SA Turschak, GM Miles, AK Van Vuren, DH AF Ordenana, Miguel A. Crooks, Kevin R. Boydston, Erin E. Fisher, Robert N. Lyren, Lisa M. Siudyla, Shalene Haas, Christopher D. Harris, Sierra Hathaway, Stacie A. Turschak, Greta M. Miles, A. Keith Van Vuren, Dirk H. TI Effects of urbanization on carnivore species distribution and richness SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE camera trap; mammalian carnivores; richness; southern California; species distribution; urbanization ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; GRAY FOXES; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; AVAILABILITY DATA; VIRGINIA OPOSSUM; NATIONAL-PARK; RURAL ZONES; URBAN; BOBCATS AB Urban development can have multiple effects on mammalian carnivore communities. We conducted a meta-analysis of 7,929 photographs from 217 localities in 11 camera-trap studies across coastal southern California to describe habitat use and determine the effects of urban proximity (distance to urban edge) and intensity (percentage of area urbanized) on carnivore occurrence and species richness in natural habitats close to the urban boundary. Coyotes (Canis latrans) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) were distributed widely across the region. Domestic dogs (Canis lupus fatniliaris), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), raccoons (Procyon lotor), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), mountain lions (Puma concolor), and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were detected less frequently, and long-tailed weasels (Mustela.frenata), American badgers (Taxidea taxi's), western spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis), and domestic cats (Felis catus) were detected rarely. Habitat use generally reflected availability for most species. Coyote and raccoon occurrence increased with both proximity to and intensity of urbanization, whereas bobcat, gray fox, and mountain lion occurrence decreased with urban proximity and intensity. Domestic dogs and Virginia opossums exhibited positive and weak negative relationships, respectively, with urban intensity but were unaffected by urban proximity. Striped skunk occurrence increased with urban proximity but decreased with urban intensity. Native species richness was negatively associated with urban intensity but not urban proximity, probably because of the stronger negative response of individual species to urban intensity. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-312.1. C1 [Ordenana, Miguel A.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boydston, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.; Hathaway, Stacie A.; Turschak, Greta M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Siudyla, Shalene] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Haas, Christopher D.] SWCA Environm Consultants, Broomfield, CO 80021 USA. [Harris, Sierra] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Miles, A. Keith] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ordenana, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ordenana@gmail.com FU California State Polytechnic University Pomona; Colorado State University; San Diego State University; University of California San Diego; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of California Davis; United States Geological Survey; California Department of Fish and Game; California Department of Transportation; City of San Diego; City of Irvine; City of Poway; Conservation Biology Institute; Irvine Company; Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Nature Conservancy; Nature Reserve of Orange County; Orange County Great Park Corporation; Puente Hills Landfill Native Habitat Preservation Authority; Seaver Foundation; Transportation Corridor Agencies FX We thank the following institutions for their support throughout the project: California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Colorado State University, San Diego State University, University of California San Diego, University of California Santa Cruz, and University of Wisconsin Madison. We especially thank the University of California Davis and the United States Geological Survey for their substantial logistical and financial support. T. Smith provided invaluable guidance and assistance with field surveys, and N. Willits, C. Burdett, and J. Tracey provided useful advice on statistical and geographic information system analyses. J. Minjares and B. Cohen were also instrumental in helping us find critical geographic information system layers. R. Klinger and S. Roberts provided thoughtful reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. Finally, we thank the field assistants who helped on each project and the land owners who granted us permission to access their property. California Department of Fish and Game, California Department of Transportation, City of San Diego, City of Irvine, City of Poway, Conservation Biology Institute, The Irvine Company, Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The Nature Conservancy, The Nature Reserve of Orange County, Orange County Great Park Corporation, Puente Hills Landfill Native Habitat Preservation Authority, Seaver Foundation, and Transportation Corridor Agencies provided financial and logistical support for this project. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 65 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 32 U2 253 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1322 EP 1331 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-312.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 697RI UT WOS:000285533100002 ER PT J AU Amstrup, SC DeWeaver, ET Douglas, DC Marcot, BG Durner, GM Bitz, CM Bailey, DA AF Amstrup, Steven C. DeWeaver, Eric T. Douglas, David C. Marcot, Bruce G. Durner, George M. Bitz, Cecilia M. Bailey, David A. TI Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE COMMITMENT; SYSTEM; 21ST-CENTURY; CONSERVATION; POLICY; CCSM3 AB On the basis of projected losses of their essential sea-ice habitats, a United States Geological Survey research team concluded in 2007 that two-thirds of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) could disappear by mid-century if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue(1-3). That projection, however, did not consider the possible benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation. A key question is whether temperature increases lead to proportional losses of sea-ice habitat, or whether sea-ice cover crosses a tipping point and irreversibly collapses when temperature reaches a critical threshold(4-6). Such a tipping point would mean future greenhouse gas mitigation would confer no conservation benefits to polar bears. Here we show, using a general circulation model(7), that substantially more sea-ice habitat would be retained if greenhouse gas rise is mitigated. We also show, with Bayesian network model outcomes, that increased habitat retention under greenhouse gas mitigation means that polar bears could persist throughout the century in greater numbers and more areas than in the business-as-usual case(3). Our general circulation model outcomes did not reveal thresholds leading to irreversible loss of ice(6); instead, a linear relationship between global mean surface air temperature and sea-ice habitat substantiated the hypothesis that sea-ice thermodynamics can overcome albedo feedbacks proposed to cause sea-ice tipping points(5,6,8). Our outcomes indicate that rapid summer ice losses in models(9) and observations(6,10) represent increased volatility of a thinning sea-ice cover, rather than tipping-point behaviour. Mitigation-driven Bayesian network outcomes show that previously predicted declines in polar bear distribution and numbers(3) are not unavoidable. Because polar bears are sentinels of the Arctic marine ecosystem(11) and trends in their sea-ice habitats foreshadow future global changes, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to improve polar bear status would have conservation benefits throughout and beyond the Arctic(12). C1 [Amstrup, Steven C.; Durner, George M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [DeWeaver, Eric T.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Bitz, Cecilia M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bailey, David A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), Polar Bears Int, 810 N Wallace,Suite E,POB 3008, Bozeman, MT 59772 USA. EM samstrup@pbears.org RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 FU USGS; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [ER64735]; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Office of Polar Programs [0908675] FX Principal funding for this project was provided by the USGS. B. G. M. acknowledges support from the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. E. T. D. acknowledges the support of the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, under grant ER64735 to the University of Maryland. E.D.'s work also was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) during his employment there. The findings reported here, however, are not endorsed by and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. CCSM3 simulations were performed using computing resources provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Earth Simulator in Japan. D. A. B. was supported under a grant from the NSF Office of Polar Programs, award number 0908675. M. Holland provided comments regarding model design and analysis. We acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling for their roles in making available the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 multi-model data set (support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy). We thank W. Washington and L. Buja for running the AS and providing us with the output from the CCSP integrations. We thank D. Vongraven and S. Vavrus for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and we thank N. Lunn and L. Peacock for providing the peer reviews necessary for the beta version of our Bayesian network model. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the US government. NR 37 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 22 U2 197 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7326 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.1038/nature09653 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695BC UT WOS:000285344600045 PM 21164484 ER PT J AU Stonedahl, SH Harvey, JW Worman, A Salehin, M Packman, AI AF Stonedahl, Susa H. Harvey, Judson W. Worman, Anders Salehin, Mashfiqus Packman, Aaron I. TI A multiscale model for integrating hyporheic exchange from ripples to meanders SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BED FORMS; NONSORBING SOLUTES; WATER EXCHANGE; STREAM; CHANNEL; TRANSPORT; CREEK; ZONE AB It is necessary to improve our understanding of the exchange of dissolved constituents between surface and subsurface waters in river systems in order to better evaluate the fate of water-borne contaminants and nutrients and their effects on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Here we present a model that can predict hyporheic exchange at the bed-form-to-reach scale using readily measurable system characteristics. The objective of this effort was to compare subsurface flow induced at scales ranging from very small scale bed forms up to much larger planform geomorphic features such as meanders. In order to compare exchange consistently over this range of scales, we employed a spectral scaling approach as the basis for a generalized analysis of topography-induced stream-subsurface exchange. The spectral model involves a first-order approximation for local flow-boundary interactions but is fully three-dimensional and includes the lateral hyporheic zone in addition to the flow directly beneath the streambed. The primary model input parameters are stream velocity and slope, sediment permeability and porosity, and detailed measurements of the stream channel topography. The primary outputs are the distribution of water flux across the stream channel boundary, the resulting pore water flow paths, and the subsurface residence time distribution. We tested the bed-form-exchange component of the model using a highly detailed two-dimensional data set for exchange with ripples and dunes and then applied the model to a three-dimensional meandering stream in a laboratory flume. Having spatially explicit information allowed us to evaluate the contributions of both gravitational and current-driven hyporheic flow through various classes of stream channel features including ripples, dunes, bars, and meanders. The model simulations indicate that all scales of topography between ripples and meanders have a significant effect on pore water flow fields and residence time distributions. Furthermore, complex interactions across the spectrum of topographic features play an important role in controlling the net interfacial flux and spatial distribution of hyporheic exchange. For example, shallow exchange induced by current-driven interactions with small bed forms dominates the interfacial flux, but local pore water flows are modified significantly by larger-scale surface-groundwater interactions. As a result, simplified representations of the stream topography do not adequately characterize patterns and rates of hyporheic exchange. C1 [Stonedahl, Susa H.; Packman, Aaron I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Worman, Anders] Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Salehin, Mashfiqus] Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Inst Water & Flood Management, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Stonedahl, SH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM susa@u.northwestern.edu; jwharvey@usgs.gov; worman@kth.se; mashfiqussalehin@iwfm.buet.ac.bd; a-packman@northwestern.edu RI Stonedahl, Susa/B-6198-2011; Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0408744, EAR-0810270]; NSF via the National Center for Earth-Surface Dynamics [EAR-0120914] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work from U.S. National Science Foundation grants EAR-0408744 and EAR-0810270 and a facilities access grant provided by the STC program of the NSF via the National Center for Earth-Surface Dynamics under agreement EAR-0120914. We thank Jeff Marr and Ben Erickson for their assistance in setting up and executing the experiments. NR 46 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W12539 DI 10.1029/2009WR008865 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 696YD UT WOS:000285476400002 ER PT J AU Gardner, WP Susong, DD Solomon, DK Heasler, HP AF Gardner, W. Payton Susong, David D. Solomon, D. Kip Heasler, Henry P. TI Using noble gases measured in spring discharge to trace hydrothermal processes in the Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, U.S.A. SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE noble gas geochemistry; hydrothermal systems; environmental tracers ID WATER; ORIGIN; EQUILIBRATION; TEMPERATURE; ISOTOPES; SYSTEM; FLUIDS; HEAT AB Dissolved noble gas concentrations in springs are used to investigate boiling of hydrothermal water and mixing of hydrothermal and shallow cool water in the Norris Geyser Basin area. Noble gas concentrations in water are modeled for single stage and continuous steam removal. Limitations on boiling using noble gas concentrations are then used to estimate the isotopic effect of boiling on hydrothermal water, allowing the isotopic composition of the parent hydrothermal water to be determined from that measured in spring. In neutral chloride springs of the Norris Geyser Basin, steam loss since the last addition of noble gas charged water is less than 30% of the total hydrothermal discharge, which results in an isotopic shift due to boiling of << 2.5 parts per thousand delta D. Noble gas concentrations in water rapidly and predictably change in dual phase systems, making them invaluable tracers of gas liquid interaction in hydrothermal systems. By combining traditional tracers of hydrothermal flow such as deuterium with dissolved noble gas measurements, more complex hydrothermal processes can be interpreted. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gardner, W. Payton; Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Susong, David D.] Utah Water Sci Ctr, USGS, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Heasler, Henry P.] Natl Pk Serv, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. RP Gardner, WP (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM Payton.Gardner@csiro.edu; ddsusong@usgs.gov; kip.solomon@utah.edu RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 3-4 BP 394 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.09.020 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 701JF UT WOS:000285813500011 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Journey, CA Chapelle, FH Lowery, MA Conrads, PA AF Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Chapelle, Francis H. Lowery, Mark A. Conrads, Paul A. TI Flood Hydrology and Methylmercury Availability in Coastal Plain Rivers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; MERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; WETLANDS; FISH; USA AB Mercury (Hg) burdens in top-predator fish differ substantially between adjacent South Carolina Coastal Plain river basins with similar wetlands coverage. In the Congaree River, floodwaters frequently originate in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont regions, where wetlands coverage and surface water dissolved methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations are low. Piedmont-driven flood events can lead to downward hydraulic gradients in the Coastal Plain riparian wetland margins, inhibiting Me Hg transport from wetland sediments, and decreasing MeHg availability in the Congaree River habitat In the adjacent Edisto River basin, floodwaters originate only within Coastal Plain sediments, maintaining upward hydraulic gradients even during flood events, promoting MeHg transport to the water column, and enhancing MeHg availability in the Edisto River habitat These results indicate that flood hydrodynamics contribute to the variability in Hg vulnerability between Coastal Plain rivers and that comprehensive regional assessment of the relationship between flood hydrodynamics and Hg risk in Coastal Plain streams is warranted. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Journey, Celeste A.; Chapelle, Francis H.; Lowery, Mark A.; Conrads, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851 FU Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Park Service Partnership; U.S. Geological Survey; South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) FX This research was supported by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, National Park Service Research Partnership, and National Water Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC). M. salmoides Hg data were provided by J. Glover of SC DHEC. The investigators would like to thank the family of Senator Strom Thurmond and the National Park Service for access to the McTier Creek and Congaree National Park study areas, respectively. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 9285 EP 9290 DI 10.1021/es102917j PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694AK UT WOS:000285266900009 PM 21080644 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Butler, KD Spencer, RGM Stedmon, CA Boehme, JR Aiken, GR AF Murphy, Kathleen R. Butler, Kenna D. Spencer, Robert G. M. Stedmon, Colin A. Boehme, Jennifer R. Aiken, George R. TI Measurement of Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence in Aquatic Environments: An Interlaboratory Comparison SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL CORRECTION STANDARD; ION-DOPED GLASS; COASTAL WATERS; RAMAN SCATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; MARINE; TOOL; PARAMETERS; OCEAN AB The fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are often studied in order to infer DOM characteristics in aquatic environments, including source, quantity, composition, and behavior. While a potentially powerful technique, a single widely implemented standard method for correcting and presenting fluorescence measurements is lacking, leading to difficulties when comparing data collected by different research groups. This paper reports on a large-scale interlaboratory comparison in which natural samples and well-characterized fluorophores were analyzed in 20 laboratories in the U.S., Europe, and Australia. Shortcomings were evident in several areas, including data quality-assurance, the accuracy of spectral correction factors used to correct EEMs, and the treatment of optically dense samples. Data corrected by participants according to individual laboratory procedures were more variable than when corrected under a standard protocol. Wavelength dependency in measurement precision and accuracy were observed within and between instruments, even in corrected data. In an effort to reduce future occurrences of similar problems, algorithms for correcting and calibrating EEMs are described in detail, and MATLAB scripts for implementing the study's protocol are provided. Combined with the recent expansion of spectral fluorescence standards, this approach will serve to increase the intercomparability of DOM fluorescence studies. C1 [Murphy, Kathleen R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Murphy, Kathleen R.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Butler, Kenna D.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Stedmon, Colin A.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Marine Ecol, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Boehme, Jennifer R.] Natl Sci Fdn, BIO Div Biol Infrastruct, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM krm@unsw.edu.au; graiken@usgs.gov RI Murphy, Kathleen/B-8217-2009; Stedmon, Colin/B-5841-2008 OI Murphy, Kathleen/0000-0001-5715-3604; Stedmon, Colin/0000-0001-6642-9692 FU US Geological Survey; NASA [NNH04AA62I] FX We thank all of the participating laboratories for providing the data described in this paper. The unpublished manuscript benefited greatly from comments by A. Baker, L. Larson, K. Merriman and anonymous reviewers. This study was undertaken for the AGU Chapman Conference on Organic Matter Fluorescence convened by A. Baker and P. Coble and funded by the US Geological Survey and NASA Grant NNH04AA62I. Use of brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 36 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 9 U2 112 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 9405 EP 9412 DI 10.1021/es102362t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694AK UT WOS:000285266900027 PM 21069954 ER PT J AU Hapke, C Plant, N AF Hapke, Cheryl Plant, Nathaniel TI Predicting coastal cliff erosion using a Bayesian probabilistic model SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal erosion; coastal cliffs; Bayesian; predictive model; Southern California ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; RECESSION AB Regional coastal cliff retreat is difficult to model due to the episodic nature of failures and the along-shore variability of retreat events. There is a growing demand, however, for predictive models that can be used to forecast areas vulnerable to coastal erosion hazards. Increasingly, probabilistic models are being employed that require data sets of high temporal density to define the joint probability density function that relates forcing variables (e.g. wave conditions) and initial conditions (e.g. cliff geometry) to erosion events. In this study we use a multi-parameter Bayesian network to investigate correlations between key variables that control and influence variations in cliff retreat processes. The network uses Bayesian statistical methods to estimate event probabilities using existing observations. Within this framework, we forecast the spatial distribution of cliff retreat along two stretches of cuffed coast in Southern California. The input parameters are the height and slope of the cliff, a descriptor of material strength based on the dominant cliff-forming lithology, and the long-term cliff erosion rate that represents prior behavior. The model is forced using predicted wave impact hours. Results demonstrate that the Bayesian approach is well-suited to the forward modeling of coastal cliff retreat, with the correct outcomes forecast in 70-90% of the modeled transects. The model also performs well in identifying specific locations of high cliff erosion, thus providing a foundation for hazard mapping. This approach can be employed to predict cliff erosion at time-scales ranging from storm events to the impacts of sea-level rise at the century-scale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hapke, Cheryl] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hapke, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM chapke@usgs.gov; nplant@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU USGS FX We are indebted to Peter Ruggiero for calculating the wave impact hour estimates used in the model. We thank Meredith Kratzmann, who spent many hours compiling critical baseline data. We are grateful to Patrick Barnard for his continued support of this effort, and to the USGS for funding. Fruitful discussions with Ben Gutierrez, Erika Lentz, Emily Himmelstoss and Elizabeth Pendleton greatly improved the design and approach of this study. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 278 IS 1-4 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.001 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 705JT UT WOS:000286125400010 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Mahler, BJ AF Van Metre, Peter C. Mahler, Barbara J. TI Contribution of PAHs from coal-tar pavement sealcoat and other sources to 40 US lakes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment; PAH; Trends; Sources; Receptor modeling; Cores; Pavement; Urban ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; ASHTABULA RIVER; SEDIMENT PAHS; URBAN; CHICAGO; BASIN; DUST AB Contamination of urban lakes and streams by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has increased in the United States during the past 40 years. We evaluated sources of PAHs in post-1990 sediments in cores from 40 lakes in urban areas across the United States using a contaminant mass-balance receptor model and including as a potential source coal-tar-based (CT) sealcoat, a recently recognized source of urban PAH. Other PAH sources considered included several coal- and vehicle-related sources, wood combustion, and fuel-oil combustion. The four best modeling scenarios all indicate CT sealcoat is the largest PAH source when averaged across all 40 lakes, contributing about one-half of PAH in sediment, followed by vehicle-related sources and coal combustion. PAH concentrations in the lakes were highly correlated with PAH loading from CT sealcoat (Spearman's rho = 0.98), and the mean proportional PAH profile for the 40 lakes was highly correlated with the PAH profile for dust from CT-sealed pavement (r = 0.95). PAH concentrations and mass and fractional loading from CT sealcoat were significantly greater in the central and eastern United States than in the western United States, reflecting regional differences in use of different sealcoat product types. The model was used to calculate temporal trends in PAH source contributions during the last 40 to 100 years to eight of the 40 lakes. In seven of the lakes, CT sealcoat has been the largest source of PAHs since the 1960s, and in six of those lakes PAH trends are upward. Traffic is the largest source to the eighth lake, located in southern California where use of CT sealcoat is rare. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov; bjmahler@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 49 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 409 IS 2 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.014 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707NW UT WOS:000286294300012 PM 21112613 ER PT J AU Matoza, RS Chouet, BA AF Matoza, Robin S. Chouet, Bernard A. TI Subevents of long-period seismicity: Implications for hydrothermal dynamics during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKE SWARMS; SOUFRIERE-HILLS-VOLCANO; REDOUBT-VOLCANO; SHISHALDIN VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ALASKA; SYSTEM; TREMOR; EVENT; CLASSIFICATION AB One of the most striking aspects of seismicity during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH) was the precise regularity in occurrence of repetitive long-period (LP) or "drumbeat" events over sustained time periods. However, this precise regularity was not always observed, and at times the temporal occurrence of LP events became more random. In addition, accompanying the dominant LP class of events during the 2004-2008 MSH eruption, there was a near-continuous, randomly occurring series of smaller seismic events. These subevents are not always simply small-amplitude versions of the dominant LP class of events but appear instead to result from a separate random process only loosely coupled to the main LP source mechanism. We present an analysis of the interevent time and amplitude distributions of the subevents, using waveform cross correlation to separate LP events from the subevents. We also discuss seismic tremor that accompanied the 8 March 2005 phreatic explosion event at MSH. This tremor consists of a rapid succession of LPs and subevents triggered during the explosion, in addition to broadband noise from the sustained degassing. Immediately afterward, seismicity returned to the pre-explosion occurrence pattern. This triggering in relation to the rapid ejection of steam from the system, and subsequent return to pre-explosion seismicity, suggests that both seismic event types originated in a region of the subsurface hydrothermal system that was (1) in contact with the reservoir feeding the 8 March 2005 phreatic explosion but (2) not destroyed or drained by the explosion event. Finally, we discuss possible thermodynamic conditions in a pressurized hydrothermal crack that could give rise to seismicity. Pressure drop estimates for typical LP events are not generally large enough to perturb pure water in a shallow hydrothermal crack into an unstable state. However, dissolved volatiles such as CO(2) may lead to a more unstable system, increasing the seismogenic potential of a hydrothermal crack subject to rapid heat flux. The interaction of hydrothermal and magmatic systems beneath MSH in 2004-2008 thus appears able to explain a wide range of observed phenomena, including subevents, LP events, larger (M(d) > 2) events, and phreatic explosions. C1 [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chouet, Bernard A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Matoza, RS (reprint author), CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM robin.matoza@cea.fr FU NSF [EAR-0609669] FX We thank the staff of the Cascades Volcano Observatory for many useful discussions, W. Wagner for providing the IAPWS-95 formulation software [Wagner and Pruss, 2002], and R. Thiery for providing the spinodal curves. Data from BLIS, YEL, and STD were collected by the Cascades Volcano Observatory, while data from S04 and S20 were collected by G. P. Waite. Both were downloaded via IRIS. Data from CDWR were collected as part of the Acoustic Surveillance for Hazardous Eruptions experiment [Garces et al., 2008]. We thank S. C. Moran, S. G. Prejean, two anonymous reviewers, and an Associate Editor for clear and thorough reviews. This work was partially supported by NSF grant EAR-0609669 (PI: M. A. Garces). NR 69 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12206 DI 10.1029/2010JB007839 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696UL UT WOS:000285466800003 ER PT J AU Sabo, JL Sinha, T Bowling, LC Schoups, GHW Wallender, WW Campana, ME Cherkauer, KA Fuller, PL Graf, WL Hopmans, JW Kominoski, JS Taylor, C Trimble, SW Webb, RH Wohl, EE AF Sabo, John L. Sinha, Tushar Bowling, Laura C. Schoups, Gerrit H. W. Wallender, Wesley W. Campana, Michael E. Cherkauer, Keith A. Fuller, Pam L. Graf, William L. Hopmans, Jan W. Kominoski, John S. Taylor, Carissa Trimble, Stanley W. Webb, Robert H. Wohl, Ellen E. TI Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FISH DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; DISCHARGE; PATTERNS; RIVERS; MODEL; BASIN; DAMS AB Increasing human appropriation of freshwater resources presents a tangible limit to the sustainability of cities, agriculture, and ecosystems in the western United States. Marc Reisner tackles this theme in his 1986 classic Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. Reisner's analysis paints a portrait of region-wide hydrologic dysfunction in the western United States, suggesting that the storage capacity of reservoirs will be impaired by sediment infilling, croplands will be rendered infertile by salt, and water scarcity will pit growing desert cities against agribusiness in the face of dwindling water resources. Here we evaluate these claims using the best available data and scientific tools. Our analysis provides strong scientific support for many of Reisner's claims, except the notion that reservoir storage is imminently threatened by sediment. More broadly, we estimate that the equivalent of nearly 76% of streamflow in the Cadillac Desert region is currently appropriated by humans, and this figure could rise to nearly 86% under a doubling of the region's population. Thus, Reisner's incisive journalism led him to the same conclusions as those rendered by copious data, modern scientific tools, and the application of a more genuine scientific method. We close with a prospectus for reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert, including a suite of recommendations for reducing region-wide human appropriation of streamflow to a target level of 60%. C1 [Sabo, John L.; Sinha, Tushar] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Fac Ecol Evolut & Environm Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bowling, Laura C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schoups, Gerrit H. W.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Resources Management, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Wallender, Wesley W.; Hopmans, Jan W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wallender, Wesley W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Campana, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cherkauer, Keith A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fuller, Pam L.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Graf, William L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Kominoski, John S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Taylor, Carissa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Trimble, Stanley W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wohl, Ellen E.] Warner Coll Nat Resources, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sabo, JL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Fac Ecol Evolut & Environm Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM john.l.sabo@asu.edu RI Sabo, John/B-1872-2013; Bowling, Laura/B-6963-2013; Cherkauer, Keith/D-6510-2014; Schoups, Gerrit/F-8208-2014 OI Bowling, Laura/0000-0002-1439-3154; Cherkauer, Keith/0000-0002-6938-5303; FU Arizona State University (ASU)'s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; School of Life Science Research and Training Initiatives Office; Global Institute of Sustainability; Decision Center for a Desert City; National Science Foundation [EAR-0756817, EF-0553768]; ASU's Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Affairs; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX We thank J. Baron, N. Baron, G. Basile, R. Glennon, J. Holway, T. Lant, C. Magirl, C. Perrings, S. Postel, R. Reeves, M. Scott, J. Reichman, and M. Wright for ideas, encouragement, data processing, and constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript. J. L. S. thanks S. Bacon, J. Elser, J. Fink, and P. Gober for funding via Arizona State University (ASU)'s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the School of Life Science Research and Training Initiatives Office, the Global Institute of Sustainability, and the Decision Center for a Desert City, respectively. This project was supported by National Science Foundation Grant EAR-0756817 (to J. L. S.) and ASU's Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Affairs. This work was conducted as a part of the "Sustainability of Freshwater Resources in the United States" Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by National Science Foundation Grant EF-0553768, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. NR 45 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 73 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21263 EP 21270 DI 10.1073/pnas.1009734108 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500011 PM 21149727 ER PT J AU Cayan, DR Das, T Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Tyree, M Gershunov, A AF Cayan, Daniel R. Das, Tapash Pierce, David W. Barnett, Tim P. Tyree, Mary Gershunov, Alexander TI Future dryness in the southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; regional modeling; sustainability; water resources ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER; CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRE; ARIDITY AB Recently the Southwest has experienced a spate of dryness, which presents a challenge to the sustainability of current water use by human and natural systems in the region. In the Colorado River Basin, the early 21st century drought has been the most extreme in over a century of Colorado River flows, and might occur in any given century with probability of only 60%. However, hydrological model runs from downscaled Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment climate change simulations suggest that the region is likely to become drier and experience more severe droughts than this. In the latter half of the 21st century the models produced considerably greater drought activity, particularly in the Colorado River Basin, as judged from soil moisture anomalies and other hydrological measures. As in the historical record, most of the simulated extreme droughts build up and persist over many years. Durations of depleted soil moisture over the historical record ranged from 4 to 10 years, but in the 21st century simulations, some of the dry events persisted for 12 years or more. Summers during the observed early 21st century drought were remarkably warm, a feature also evident in many simulated droughts of the 21st century. These severe future droughts are aggravated by enhanced, globally warmed temperatures that reduce spring snowpack and late spring and summer soil moisture. As the climate continues to warm and soil moisture deficits accumulate beyond historical levels, the model simulations suggest that sustaining water supplies in parts of the Southwest will be a challenge. C1 [Cayan, Daniel R.; Das, Tapash; Pierce, David W.; Barnett, Tim P.; Tyree, Mary; Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dcayan@ucsd.edu FU California Energy Commission through California Climate Change Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; CALFED FX We thank Andrew W. Wood, Edwin P. Maurer, Alan F. Hamlet, Dennis Lettenmaier, and Francisco Munoz-Arriola, for the VIC model, forcing, and parameters. We thank two anonymous reviewers and editor for important comments. Naturalized streamflow data for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry was obtained from James Prairie of the Bureau of Reclamation. Part of the downscaled data was developed by Hugo Hidalgo. Jennifer Johns provided illustrations and expert processing of the manuscript. We acknowledge the several international global climate modeling groups, and particularly at Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM) and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) for global climate model output. We thank the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modeling for the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy.; Funding was provided by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program through the California Climate Change Center, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program through the California Applications Program. The CALFED Bay-Delta Program postdoctoral fellowship provided partial salary support for T.D. NR 26 TC 210 Z9 210 U1 15 U2 169 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21271 EP 21276 DI 10.1073/pnas.0912391107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500012 PM 21149687 ER PT J AU Williams, AP Allen, CD Millar, CI Swetnam, TW Michaelsen, J Still, CJ Leavitt, SW AF Williams, A. Park Allen, Craig D. Millar, Constance I. Swetnam, Thomas W. Michaelsen, Joel Still, Christopher J. Leavitt, Steven W. TI Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE forest mortality; climate change; drought; fire; tree rings ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE MORTALITY; PONDEROSA PINE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-MEXICO; DIE-OFF; ECOSYSTEMS AB In recent decades, intense droughts, insect outbreaks, and wildfires have led to decreasing tree growth and increasing mortality in many temperate forests. We compared annual tree-ring width data from 1,097 populations in the coterminous United States to climate data and evaluated site-specific tree responses to climate variations throughout the 20th century. For each population, we developed a climate-driven growth equation by using climate records to predict annual ring widths. Forests within the southwestern United States appear particularly sensitive to drought and warmth. We input 21st century climate projections to the equations to predict growth responses. Our results suggest that if temperature and aridity rise as they are projected to, southwestern trees will experience substantially reduced growth during this century. As tree growth declines, mortality rates may increase at many sites. Increases in wildfires and bark-beetle outbreaks in the most recent decade are likely related to extreme drought and high temperatures during this period. Using satellite imagery and aerial survey data, we conservatively calculate that approximate to 2.7% of southwestern forest and woodland area experienced substantial mortality due to wildfires from 1984 to 2006, and approximate to 7.6% experienced mortality associated with bark beetles from 1997 to 2008. We estimate that up to approximate to 18% of southwestern forest area (excluding woodlands) experienced mortality due to bark beetles or wildfire during this period. Expected climatic changes will alter future forest productivity, disturbance regimes, and species ranges throughout the Southwest. Emerging knowledge of these impending transitions informs efforts to adaptively manage southwestern forests. C1 [Williams, A. Park; Michaelsen, Joel; Still, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Swetnam, Thomas W.; Leavitt, Steven W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Williams, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM williams@geog.ucsb.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166 FU US Geological Survey (USGS); University of Arizona; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; University of California, Santa Barbara FX We thank all contributors of tree-ring chronologies that we accessed from the ITRDB. We thank J. L. Paschke for providing access to US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service aerial survey data. We appreciate advice from J. D. Miller, N. McDowell, and D. D. Breshears. Support was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Global Change Program (A. P. W. and C. D. A.), University of Arizona (T. W. S. and S. W. L.), USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (C. I. M.), and University of California, Santa Barbara (A. P. W., J. M., and C. J. S.). This work is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS global change research project. NR 47 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 21 U2 169 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21289 EP 21294 DI 10.1073/pnas.0914211107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500015 PM 21149715 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, M Hilton-Taylor, C Angulo, A Bohm, M Brooks, TM Butchart, SHM Carpenter, KE Chanson, J Collen, B Cox, NA Darwall, WRT Dulvy, NK Harrison, LR Katariya, V Pollock, CM Quader, S Richman, NI Rodrigues, ASL Tognelli, MF Vie, JC Aguiar, JM Allen, DJ Allen, GR Amori, G Ananjeva, NB Andreone, F Andrew, P Ortiz, ALA Baillie, JEM Baldi, R Bell, BD Biju, SD Bird, JP Black-Decima, P Blanc, JJ Bolanos, F Bolivar, W Burfield, IJ Burton, JA Capper, DR Castro, F Catullo, G Cavanagh, RD Channing, A Chao, NL Chenery, AM Chiozza, F Clausnitzer, V Collar, NJ Collett, LC Collette, BB Fernandez, CFC Craig, MT Crosby, MJ Cumberlidge, N Cuttelod, A Derocher, AE Diesmos, AC Donaldson, JS Duckworth, JW Dutson, G Dutta, SK Emslie, RH Farjon, A Fowler, S Freyhof, J Garshelis, DL Gerlach, J Gower, DJ Grant, TD Hammerson, GA Harris, RB Heaney, LR Hedges, SB Hero, JM Hughes, B Hussain, SA Icochea, J Inger, RF Ishii, N Iskandar, DT Jenkins, RKB Kaneko, Y Kottelat, M Kovacs, KM Kuzmin, SL La Marca, E Lamoreux, JF Lau, MWN Lavilla, EO Leus, K Lewison, RL Lichtenstein, G Livingstone, SR Lukoschek, V Mallon, DP McGowan, PJK McIvor, A Moehlman, PD Molur, S Alonso, AM Musick, JA Nowell, K Nussbaum, RA Olech, W Orlov, NL Papenfuss, TJ Parra-Olea, G Perrin, WF Polidoro, BA Pourkazemi, M Racey, PA Ragle, JS Ram, M Rathbun, G Reynolds, RP Rhodin, AGJ Richards, SJ Rodriguez, LO Ron, SR Rondinini, C Rylands, AB de Mitcheson, YS Sanciangco, JC Sanders, KL Santos-Barrera, G Schipper, J Self-Sullivan, C Shi, YC Shoemaker, A Short, FT Sillero-Zubiri, C Silvano, DL Smith, KG Smith, AT Snoeks, J Stattersfield, AJ Symes, AJ Taber, AB Talukdar, BK Temple, HJ Timmins, R Tobias, JA Tsytsulina, K Tweddle, D Ubeda, C Valenti, SV van Dijk, PP Veiga, LM Veloso, A Wege, DC Wilkinson, M Williamson, EA Xie, F Young, BE Akcakaya, HR Bennun, L Blackburn, TM Boitani, L Dublin, HT da Fonseca, GAB Gascon, C Lacher, TE Mace, GM Mainka, SA McNeely, JA Mittermeier, RA Reid, GM Rodriguez, JP Rosenberg, AA Samways, MJ Smart, J Stein, BA Stuart, SN AF Hoffmann, Michael Hilton-Taylor, Craig Angulo, Ariadne Boehm, Monika Brooks, Thomas M. Butchart, Stuart H. M. Carpenter, Kent E. Chanson, Janice Collen, Ben Cox, Neil A. Darwall, William R. T. Dulvy, Nicholas K. Harrison, Lucy R. Katariya, Vineet Pollock, Caroline M. Quader, Suhel Richman, Nadia I. Rodrigues, Ana S. L. Tognelli, Marcelo F. Vie, Jean-Christophe Aguiar, John M. Allen, David J. Allen, Gerald R. Amori, Giovanni Ananjeva, Natalia B. Andreone, Franco Andrew, Paul Aquino Ortiz, Aida Luz Baillie, Jonathan E. M. Baldi, Ricardo Bell, Ben D. Biju, S. D. Bird, Jeremy P. Black-Decima, Patricia Blanc, J. Julian Bolanos, Federico Bolivar-G, Wilmar Burfield, Ian J. Burton, James A. Capper, David R. Castro, Fernando Catullo, Gianluca Cavanagh, Rachel D. Channing, Alan Chao, Ning Labbish Chenery, Anna M. Chiozza, Federica Clausnitzer, Viola Collar, Nigel J. Collett, Leah C. Collette, Bruce B. Fernandez, Claudia F. Cortez Craig, Matthew T. Crosby, Michael J. Cumberlidge, Neil Cuttelod, Annabelle Derocher, Andrew E. Diesmos, Arvin C. Donaldson, John S. Duckworth, J. W. Dutson, Guy Dutta, S. K. Emslie, Richard H. Farjon, Aljos Fowler, Sarah Freyhof, Joerg Garshelis, David L. Gerlach, Justin Gower, David J. Grant, Tandora D. Hammerson, Geoffrey A. Harris, Richard B. Heaney, Lawrence R. Hedges, S. Blair Hero, Jean-Marc Hughes, Baz Hussain, Syed Ainul Icochea M, Javier Inger, Robert F. Ishii, Nobuo Iskandar, Djoko T. Jenkins, Richard K. B. Kaneko, Yoshio Kottelat, Maurice Kovacs, Kit M. Kuzmin, Sergius L. La Marca, Enrique Lamoreux, John F. Lau, Michael W. N. Lavilla, Esteban O. Leus, Kristin Lewison, Rebecca L. Lichtenstein, Gabriela Livingstone, Suzanne R. Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi Mallon, David P. McGowan, Philip J. K. McIvor, Anna Moehlman, Patricia D. Molur, Sanjay Munoz Alonso, Antonio Musick, John A. Nowell, Kristin Nussbaum, Ronald A. Olech, Wanda Orlov, Nikolay L. Papenfuss, Theodore J. Parra-Olea, Gabriela Perrin, William F. Polidoro, Beth A. Pourkazemi, Mohammad Racey, Paul A. Ragle, James S. Ram, Mala Rathbun, Galen Reynolds, Robert P. Rhodin, Anders G. J. Richards, Stephen J. Rodriguez, Lily O. Ron, Santiago R. Rondinini, Carlo Rylands, Anthony B. de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Sanders, Kate L. Santos-Barrera, Georgina Schipper, Jan Self-Sullivan, Caryn Shi, Yichuan Shoemaker, Alan Short, Frederick T. Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio Silvano, Debora L. Smith, Kevin G. Smith, Andrew T. Snoeks, Jos Stattersfield, Alison J. Symes, Andrew J. Taber, Andrew B. Talukdar, Bibhab K. Temple, Helen J. Timmins, Rob Tobias, Joseph A. Tsytsulina, Katerina Tweddle, Denis Ubeda, Carmen Valenti, Sarah V. van Dijk, Peter Paul Veiga, Liza M. Veloso, Alberto Wege, David C. Wilkinson, Mark Williamson, Elizabeth A. Xie, Feng Young, Bruce E. Akcakaya, H. Resit Bennun, Leon Blackburn, Tim M. Boitani, Luigi Dublin, Holly T. da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B. Gascon, Claude Lacher, Thomas E., Jr. Mace, Georgina M. Mainka, Susan A. McNeely, Jeffery A. Mittermeier, Russell A. Reid, Gordon McGregor Paul Rodriguez, Jon Rosenberg, Andrew A. Samways, Michael J. Smart, Jane Stein, Bruce A. Stuart, Simon N. TI The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World's Vertebrates SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTINCTIONS; DECLINES; BENEFITS; FUTURE; INDEX AB Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species. C1 [Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Conservat Int, IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Darwall, William R. T.; Katariya, Vineet; Pollock, Caroline M.; Allen, David J.; Collett, Leah C.; Cuttelod, Annabelle; Shi, Yichuan; Smith, Kevin G.] IUCN, Species Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Angulo, Ariadne] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Toronto, ON M5S 1X1, Canada. [Angulo, Ariadne; Carpenter, Kent E.; Chanson, Janice; Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.; Vie, Jean-Christophe; Lamoreux, John F.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ragle, James S.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] IUCN, Species Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Boehm, Monika; Collen, Ben; Richman, Nadia I.; Ram, Mala; Blackburn, Tim M.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Brooks, Thomas M.; Young, Bruce E.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Philippines Los Banos, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Laguna 4031, Philippines. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Burfield, Ian J.; Collar, Nigel J.; Crosby, Michael J.; Stattersfield, Alison J.; Symes, Andrew J.; Wege, David C.; Bennun, Leon] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Carpenter, Kent E.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Chanson, Janice] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Cheltenham, Vic 3192, Australia. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Harrison, Lucy R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Shark Specialist Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Quader, Suhel] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Rodrigues, Ana S. L.] CNRS, UMR5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier, France. [Tognelli, Marcelo F.] IADIZA CONICET, CCT Mendoza, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Aguiar, John M.; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Allen, Gerald R.] Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6986, Australia. [Amori, Giovanni] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Studies, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ananjeva, Natalia B.; Orlov, Nikolay L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Andreone, Franco] Museo Reg Sci Nat, I-10123 Turin, Italy. [Andrew, Paul] Taronga Conservat Soc Australia, Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia. [Baillie, Jonathan E. M.] Zool Soc London, London NW1 4RY, England. [Baldi, Ricardo] Ctr Nacl Pagagon CONICET, Unidad Invest Ecol Terrestre, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Baldi, Ricardo] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Bell, Ben D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Restorat Ecol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Biju, S. D.] Univ Delhi, Sch Environm Studies, Systemat Lab, Delhi 110007, India. [Bird, Jeremy P.] Pacific Inst Sustainable Dev, Ctr Biodivers & Biosecur Studies, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. [Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Ciencias Nat, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Bolanos, Federico] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. [Bolivar-G, Wilmar] Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Dept Biol, Secc Zool, Cali, Colombia. [Burton, James A.] Earthwatch Inst, Oxford OX2 7DE, England. [Burton, James A.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Castro, Fernando] Univ Valle, Lab Herpetol, Cali, Colombia. [Catullo, Gianluca] WWF Italy Specis Off, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Cavanagh, Rachel D.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Channing, Alan] Univ Western Cape, Biodivers & Conservat Biol Dept, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Bioamazonia Conservat Int, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Univ Fed Amazonas, Depto Ciencias Pesqueiras, BR-60700 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Natl Museum Marine Biol & Aquarium, Checheng 944, Pingtung, Taiwan. [Chiozza, Federica; Rondinini, Carlo; Boitani, Luigi] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anim & Human Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Clausnitzer, Viola] Senckenberg Museum Nat Hist Goerlitz, D-02806 Goerlitz, Germany. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Craig, Matthew T.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Cumberlidge, Neil] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Diesmos, Arvin C.] Natl Museum Philippines, Div Zool, Herpetol Sect, Manila 1000, Philippines. [Donaldson, John S.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, KRC, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Dutson, Guy] Birds Australia, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. [Dutta, S. K.] N Orissa Univ, Mayurbhanj 757003, Orissa, India. [Emslie, Richard H.] IUCN SSC African Rhino Specialist Grp, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa. [Farjon, Aljos] Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium Lib Art & Arch, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Fowler, Sarah; Valenti, Sarah V.] NatureBur, Newbury RG14 5SJ, Berks, England. [Freyhof, Joerg] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Gerlach, Justin] Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Cambridge CB1 7BX, England. [Gower, David J.; Wilkinson, Mark] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Grant, Tandora D.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Hammerson, Geoffrey A.] NatureServe, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Heaney, Lawrence R.; Inger, Robert F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hedges, S. Blair] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hero, Jean-Marc] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Futures Ctr, Griffith, Qld 4222, Australia. [Hughes, Baz] Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge GL2 7BT, Glos, England. [Hussain, Syed Ainul] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Ishii, Nobuo] Tokyo Womans Christian Univ, Sch Arts & Sci, Suginami Ku, Tokyo 1678585, Japan. [Iskandar, Djoko T.] Inst Teknol Bandung, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [Kaneko, Yoshio] Iwate Prefectural Univ, Takizawa, Iwate 0200193, Japan. [Kottelat, Maurice] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Raffles Museum Biodivers Res, Singapore 117546, Singapore. [Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kuzmin, Sergius L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. [La Marca, Enrique] Univ Los Andes, Escuela Geog, Lab Biogeog, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Lamoreux, John F.] IUCN Species Programme, Randolph, NH 03593 USA. [Lau, Michael W. N.] Kadoorie Farm & Bot Garden, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lavilla, Esteban O.] Fdn Miguel Lillo CONICET, Inst Herpetol, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Leus, Kristin] European Reg Off, Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, B-2170 Merksem, Belgium. [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lichtenstein, Gabriela] Inst Nacl Antropol & Pensamiento Latinoamer, RA-1426 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Mallon, David P.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Hlth Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England. [McGowan, Philip J. K.] Newcastle Univ, Biol Field Stn, World Pheasant Assoc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE15 0HT, Tyne & Wear, England. [Moehlman, Patricia D.] Wildlife Trust Alliance, Arusha, Tanzania. [Molur, Sanjay] Zoo Outreach Org, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Munoz Alonso, Antonio] Colegio Frontera Sur, San Cristobal Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Nowell, Kristin] CAT, Cape Neddick, ME 03902 USA. [Nussbaum, Ronald A.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Div Reptiles & Amphibians, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Olech, Wanda] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, PL-02786 Warsaw, Poland. [Papenfuss, Theodore J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parra-Olea, Gabriela] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pourkazemi, Mohammad] Int Sturgeon Res Inst, Rasht, Iran. [Racey, Paul A.] Univ Exeter Cornwall, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England. [Rathbun, Galen] Calif Acad Sci San Francisco, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, Cambria, CA 93428 USA. [Reynolds, Robert P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rhodin, Anders G. J.] Chelonian Res Fdn, Lunenburg, MA 01462 USA. [Richards, Stephen J.] S Australian Museum, Herpetol Dept, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Richards, Stephen J.] Conservat Int, Rapid Assessment Program, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Rodriguez, Lily O.] German Tech Cooperat GmbH, Lima 27, Peru. [Ron, Santiago R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Soc Conservat Reef Fish Aggregat, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Sanders, Kate L.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Santos-Barrera, Georgina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Schipper, Jan] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Big Isl Invas Species Comm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Shoemaker, Alan] IUCN SSC Tapir Specialist Grp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Short, Frederick T.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [Silvano, Debora L.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Zool Lab, BR-71966700 Taguatinga, DF, Brazil. [Smith, Andrew T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Snoeks, Jos] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Snoeks, Jos] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Anim Div & Systemat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Taber, Andrew B.] Jalan CIFOR, Ctr Int Forestry Res, Situ Gede 16115, Bogor Barat, Indonesia. [Talukdar, Bibhab K.] Aaranyak & Int Rhino Fdn, Gauhati 781028, Assam, India. [Temple, Helen J.] Biodivers Consultancy Ltd, Cambridge CB2 9LJ, England. [Tobias, Joseph A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Tsytsulina, Katerina] Natl Inst Biol Resources, Vertebrate Res Div, Inchon 404708, South Korea. [Tweddle, Denis] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Ubeda, Carmen] Univ Nacl Comahue, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, Dept Zool, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veiga, Liza M.] Fed Univ Para, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veloso, Alberto] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Williamson, Elizabeth A.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Xie, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dublin, Holly T.] IUCN ESARO, African Elephant Specialist Grp, IUCN SSC, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. [Dublin, Holly T.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Mace, Georgina M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Mainka, Susan A.; McNeely, Jeffery A.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Smart, Jane] IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Reid, Gordon McGregor] N England Zool Soc, Chester Zoo, Chester CH2 1LH, Cheshire, England. [Paul Rodriguez, Jon] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Samways, Michael J.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Conservat Ecol & Entomol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Wildlife Pk & Resort, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Hoffmann, M (reprint author), United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. EM mike.hoffmann@iucn.org RI Rodrigues, Ana/A-5914-2009; Harrison, Lucy/F-9494-2011; Jenkins, Richard/A-4567-2012; Hoffmann, Michael/E-6419-2010; ANDREONE, FRANCO/H-4942-2012; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/A-1491-2009; Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008; Collen, Ben/D-5055-2011; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Rondinini, Carlo/E-9027-2011; Donaldson, John/F-6833-2011; Veiga, Liza/C-6667-2009; Blackburn, Tim/A-7685-2011; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/H-2605-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/C-6126-2013; Silvano, Debora/H-4235-2012; Wilkinson, Mark/J-2026-2014; Hu, Lile /E-7961-2015; Williamson, Liz/E-4727-2016; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Mace, Georgina/I-3072-2016; Schipper, Jan/N-5266-2015; OI Rodrigues, Ana/0000-0003-4775-0127; Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0003-4785-2254; ANDREONE, FRANCO/0000-0001-9809-5818; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/0000-0001-5019-2870; Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929; Brooks, Thomas/0000-0001-8159-3116; Gerlach, Justin/0000-0002-0157-0449; Pourkazemi, Mohammad/0000-0002-0496-8049; Tobias, Joseph/0000-0003-2429-6179; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505; Molur, Sanjay/0000-0001-8230-518X; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/0000-0003-0785-3682; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/0000-0002-0268-3808; Silvano, Debora/0000-0001-7349-5962; Wilkinson, Mark/0000-0002-9459-8976; Hu, Lile /0000-0003-4892-2488; Williamson, Liz/0000-0001-6848-9154; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Mace, Georgina/0000-0001-8965-5211; Schipper, Jan/0000-0002-8338-7874; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725; Ron, Santiago/0000-0001-6300-9350 NR 41 TC 410 Z9 431 U1 65 U2 563 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6010 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1126/science.1194442 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 692LE UT WOS:000285153500055 PM 20978281 ER PT J AU Kurobe, T Kwak, KT MacConnell, E McDowell, TS Mardones, FO Hedrick, RP AF Kurobe, T. Kwak, K. T. MacConnell, E. McDowell, T. S. Mardones, F. O. Hedrick, R. P. TI Development of PCR assays to detect iridovirus infections among captive and wild populations of Missouri River sturgeon SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Fish iridovirus; Pallid sturgeon; Shovelnose sturgeon; Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus; MRSIV; Diagnostic PCR; Real-time PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; KOI HERPESVIRUS KHV; CYPRINUS-CARPIO-KOI; WHITE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; CELL-LINES; VIRUS; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION AB The Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (MRSIV) is an important factor contributing to losses during the hatchery rearing of juvenile pallid Scaphirhynchus albus and shovelnose S. platorynchus sturgeon. As the virus has not been isolated in cell culture, current detection procedures rely upon a combination of light and electron microscopy. Detection of characteristic virus-infected cells in the integument, usually of the fins, in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections provides a presumptive finding. Confirmation requires observation by electron microscopy of characteristic doubly enveloped hexagonal virions of the appropriate size in the host cell cytoplasm. To improve these diagnostic procedures, a conventional polymerase chain reduction (PCR) assay was developed as a sensitive and specific method for detection of MRSIV DNA as found in numerous tissues of both naturally and experimentally infected pallid and shovelnose sturgeon. Sequences of amplicons obtained from testing of wild-caught shovelnose sturgeon and juvenile pallid sturgeon during hatchery outbreaks were identical, suggesting that the viruses found in both sturgeon are similar or closely related. In addition, a TaqMan PCR was developed that allowed estimates of the concentrations of MRSIV DNA present in the tissues of pallid and shovelnose sturgeon during acute and persistent infection. These new PCR assays are improved methods to detect MRSIV, but equally importantly, they provide insights into to the biology of the agent for more effective management of viral diseases in captive and wild Missouri River sturgeon populations. C1 [Kurobe, T.; Kwak, K. T.; McDowell, T. S.; Hedrick, R. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mardones, F. O.] Univ Calif Davis, CADMS, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mardones, F. O.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu RI Mardones, Fernando/G-2488-2012 OI Mardones, Fernando/0000-0003-1228-5392 FU Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank Breanna Baker for conducting the TaqMan PCR and Kenneth Staigmiller, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, for collection of the wild shovelnose sturgeon. This research was supported in part by the Army Corps of Engineers. We also thank Jim Winton and Bill Batts at the Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA, for conducting PCR tests on split samples between laboratories. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 93 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.3354/dao02284 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 694NO UT WOS:000285305100003 PM 21290894 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Gregg, JL Grady, CA Taylor, L Winton, JR AF Hershberger, P. K. Gregg, J. L. Grady, C. A. Taylor, L. Winton, J. R. TI Chronic and persistent viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infections in Pacific herring SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Viral hemorrhagic septicemia; VHS; Pacific herring ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATERBORNE INFECTION; CLUPEA-PALLASII; EGTVED VIRUS; VHS VIRUS; TEMPERATURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WASHINGTON AB Chronic viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infections were established in a laboratory stock of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii held in a large-volume tank supplied with pathogen-free seawater at temperatures ranging from 6.8 to 11.6 degrees C. The infections were characterized by viral persistence for extended periods and near-background levels of host mortality. Infectious virus was recovered from mortalities occurring up to 167 d post-exposure and was detected in normal-appearing herring for as long as 224 d following initial challenge. Geometric mean viral titers were generally as high as or higher in brain tissues than in pools of kidney and spleen tissues, with overall prevalence of infection being higher in the brain. Upon re-exposure to VHSV in a standard laboratory challenge, negligible mortality occurred among groups of herring that were either chronically infected or fully recovered, indicating that survival from chronic manifestations conferred protection against future disease. However, some survivors of chronic VHS infections were capable of replicating virus upon re-exposure. Demonstration of a chronic manifestation of VHSV infection among Pacific herring maintained at ambient seawater temperatures provides insights into the mechanisms by which the virus is maintained among populations of endemic hosts. C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Gregg, J. L.; Grady, C. A.; Taylor, L.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; US Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources FX Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project No. 070819, and the US Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 93 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.3354/dao02283 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 694NO UT WOS:000285305100004 PM 21290895 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, J AF Hardebeck, Jeanne TI Aftershocks are well aligned with the background stress field, contradicting the hypothesis of highly heterogeneous crustal stress SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LANDERS EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FOCAL MECHANISMS; FAULT; DEFORMATION; DIRECTIONS; SLIP AB It has been proposed that the crustal stress field contains small-length-scale heterogeneity of much larger amplitude than the uniform background stress. This model predicts that earthquake focal mechanisms should reflect the loading stress rather than the uniform background stress. So, if the heterogeneous stress hypothesis is correct, focal mechanisms before and after a large earthquake should align with the tectonic loading and the earthquake-induced static stress perturbation, respectively. However, I show that the off-fault triggered aftershocks of the 1992 M7.3 Landers, California, earthquake align with the same stress field as the pre-Landers mechanisms. The aftershocks occurred on faults that were well oriented for failure in the pre-Landers stress field and then loaded by the Landers-induced static stress change. Aftershocks in regions experiencing a 0.05 to 5 MPa coseismic differential stress change align with the modeled Landers-induced static stress change, implying that they were triggered by the stress perturbation. Contrary to the heterogeneous stress hypothesis, these triggered aftershocks are also well aligned with the pre-Landers stress field obtained from inverting the pre-Landers focal mechanisms. Therefore, the inverted pre-Landers stress must represent the persistent background stress field. Earthquake focal mechanisms provide an unbiased sample of the spatially coherent background stress field, which is large relative to any small-scale stress heterogeneity. The counterexample provided by the Landers earthquake is strong evidence that the heterogeneous stress model is not widely applicable. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12308 DI 10.1029/2010JB007586 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QZ UT WOS:000285020600005 ER PT J AU Rollins, JC Stein, RS AF Rollins, John C. Stein, Ross S. TI Coulomb stress interactions among M >= 5.9 earthquakes in the Gorda deformation zone and on the Mendocino Fault Zone, Cascadia subduction zone, and northern San Andreas Fault SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE JUNCTION; FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; PLATE; RUPTURE; MODEL; SLIP AB The Gorda deformation zone, a 50,000 km(2) area of diffuse shear and rotation offshore northernmost California, has been the site of 20 M >= 5.9 earthquakes on four different fault orientations since 1976, including four M >= 7 shocks. This is the highest rate of large earthquakes in the contiguous United States. We calculate that the source faults of six recent M >= 5.9 earthquakes had experienced >= 0.6 bar Coulomb stress increases imparted by earthquakes that struck less than 9 months beforehand. Control tests indicate that >= 0.6 bar Coulomb stress interactions between M >= 5.9 earthquakes separated by <9 months are unlikely to occur by random chance, suggesting that the multiple short-term stress interactions observed among the recent Gorda zone earthquakes are not an apparent effect. In all well-constrained >= 0.2 bar Coulomb stress interactions between earthquakes that occurred within 4 years of each other, the second earthquake is promoted. On longer timescales, calculated stress changes imparted by the 1980 M(w) = 7.3 Trinidad earthquake are consistent with the locations of M >= 5.9 earthquakes in the Gorda zone until at least 1995, as well as earthquakes on the Mendocino Fault Zone in 1994 and 2000. Coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1980 earthquake are also consistent with its distinct elbow-shaped aftershock pattern. From these observations, we derive generalized static stress interactions among right-lateral, left-lateral and thrust faults near triple junctions. C1 [Rollins, John C.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rollins, JC (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, 3651 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM chrisrol@usc.edu; rstein@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B12306 DI 10.1029/2009JB007117 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QZ UT WOS:000285020600001 ER PT J AU Waythomas, CF Scott, WE Prejean, SG Schneider, DJ Izbekov, P Nye, CJ AF Waythomas, Christopher F. Scott, William E. Prejean, Stephanie G. Schneider, David J. Izbekov, Pavel Nye, Christopher J. TI The 7-8 August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Volcano, central Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TSUNAMI GENERATION; EARTHQUAKE; ARC; PREDICTION; FLOWS AB Kasatochi volcano in the central Aleutian Islands erupted unexpectedly on 7-8 August 2008. Kasatochi has received little study by volcanologists and has had no confirmed historical eruptions. The island is an important nesting area for seabirds and a long-term biological study site of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. After a notably energetic preeruptive earthquake swarm, the volcano erupted violently in a series of explosive events beginning in the early afternoon of 7 August. Each event produced ash-gas plumes that reached 14-18 km above sea level. The volcanic plume contained large amounts of SO2 and was tracked around the globe by satellite observations. The cumulative volcanic cloud interfered with air travel across the North Pacific, causing many flight cancelations that affected thousands of travelers. Visits to the volcano in 2008-2009 indicated that the eruption generated pyroclastic flows and surges that swept all flanks of the island, accumulated several tens of meters of pyroclastic debris, and increased the diameter of the island by about 800 m. Pyroclastic flow deposits contain abundant accidental lithic debris derived from the inner walls of the Kasatochi crater. Juvenile material is crystal-rich silicic andesite that ranges from slightly pumiceous to frothy pumice. Fine-grained pyroclastic surge and fall deposits with accretionary lapilli cover the lithic-rich pyroclastic flow deposits and mark a change in eruptive style from episodic explosive activity to more continuous ash emission with smaller intermittent explosions. Pyroclastic deposits completely cover the island, but wave erosion and gully development on the flanks have begun to modify the surface mantle of volcanic deposits. C1 [Waythomas, Christopher F.; Prejean, Stephanie G.; Schneider, David J.; Izbekov, Pavel; Nye, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Scott, William E.; Schneider, David J.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Izbekov, Pavel] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nye, Christopher J.] Dept Nat Resources, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Waythomas, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM chris@usgs.gov RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010 FU USGS; North Pacific Research Board FX The USGS Volcano Hazards Program provided support for this work. Fieldwork in 2009 was supported by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board, and in kind support provided by the USFWS. The authors wish to thank the crew and on-board and support staff of the R/V Tiglax for getting us safely to and from Kasatochi Island. A special thanks goes to Chris Ford and Ray Buchheit, USFWS, who provided many useful preeruption observations to AVO, and to Al Giddings, who successfully evacuated Ford and Buchheit from Kasatochi just in time. We thank Tom Miller, Tina Neal, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 2 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B00B06 DI 10.1029/2010JB007437 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690QY UT WOS:000285020500004 ER PT J AU Forsman, ZH Concepcion, GT Haverkort, RD Shaw, RW Maragos, JE Toonen, RJ AF Forsman, Zac H. Concepcion, Gregory T. Haverkort, Roxanne D. Shaw, Ross W. Maragos, James E. Toonen, Robert J. TI Ecomorph or Endangered Coral? DNA and Microstructure Reveal Hawaiian Species Complexes: Montipora dilatata/flabellata/turgescens & M. patula/verrilli SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENUS ACROPORA; EVOLUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; HYBRIDIZATION; SUBSTITUTION; PLASTICITY; PATTERNS; CNIDARIA AB M. dilatata, M. flabellata, and M. patula and 80 other scleractinian corals were petitioned to be listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA), which would have major conservation implications. One of the difficulties with this evaluation is that reproductive boundaries between morphologically defined coral species are often permeable, and morphology can be wildly variable. We examined genetic and morphological variation in Hawaiian Montipora with a suite of molecular markers (mitochondrial: COI, CR, Cyt-B, 16S, ATP6; nuclear: ATPs beta, ITS) and microscopic skeletal measurements. Mitochondrial markers and the ITS region revealed four distinct clades: I) M. patula/M. verrilli, II) M. cf. incrassata, III) M. capitata, IV) M. dilatata/M. flabellata/M. cf. turgescens. These clades are likely to occur outside of Hawai'i according to mitochondrial control region haplotypes from previous studies. The ATPs beta intron data showed a pattern often interpreted as resulting from hybridization and introgression; however, incomplete lineage sorting may be more likely since the multicopy nuclear ITS region was consistent with the mitochondrial data. Furthermore, principal components analysis (PCA) of skeletal microstructure was concordant with the mitochondrial clades, while nominal taxa overlapped. The size and shape of verrucae or papillae contributed most to identifying groups, while colony-level morphology was highly variable. It is not yet clear if these species complexes represent population-level variation or incipient speciation (CA<1MYA), two alternatives that have very different conservation implications. This study highlights the difficulty in understanding the scale of genetic and morphological variation that corresponds to species as opposed to population-level variation, information that is essential for conservation and for understanding coral biodiversity. C1 [Forsman, Zac H.; Haverkort, Roxanne D.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Concepcion, Gregory T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shaw, Ross W.] Grant MacEwan Univ, Dept Biol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Forsman, ZH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM zac@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Regional Office [NMFS-PRPO-2010-2001945]; NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Partnership [2005-008/66882]; MacEwan University Research Office and Divisional Arts and Science FX The work was made possible by funding from a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Regional Office; NMFS-PRPO-2010-2001945. ZHF was supported by a fellowship from NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Partnership MOA#2005-008/66882. RWS was supported by funding from Grant MacEwan University Research Office and Divisional Arts and Science grants. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15021 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015021 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 688QY UT WOS:000284868000023 PM 21151995 ER PT J AU Drummond, BA Leonard, ML AF Drummond, Brie A. Leonard, Marty L. TI Reproductive Consequences of Nest Site Use in Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Potential Lasting Effects of an Introduced Predator SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; breeding success; chick survival; habitat; introduced predator; Oceanodroma furcata; nest site characteristics; nest temperature; reproductive success; storm-petrel ID OCEANODROMA-FURCATA; BREEDING BIOLOGY; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; BODY-TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; COMMUNITIES; SEABIRD; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEMS; SELECTION AB We examined the reproductive consequences of differential nest site use in Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma furcata) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, where birds on islands where foxes were introduced nest in rocky substrate rather than in typical soil habitat. We investigated how physical and microclimatic nest site characteristics influenced storm-petrel breeding success 20 years after fox removal. We then examined whether those nest site characteristics that affected success were related to the amount of rock that composed the nest. In both years of our study, nest temperature had the strongest influence on chick survival and overall reproductive success, appearing in all the top models and alone explaining 14-35% of the variation in chick survival. The relationship between reproductive success and nest temperature was positive in both years, with higher survival in warmer nests. In turn, the best predictor of nest temperature was the amount of rock that composed the site. Rockier nests had colder average temperatures, which were driven by lower daily minimum temperatures, compared to nests with more soil. Thus, the rockiness of the nest site appeared to affect chick survival and overall reproductive success through its influence on nest temperature. This study suggests that the use of rocky nest sites, presumed to be a result of historic predation from introduced foxes, could decrease breeding success in this recovering population, and thus be a long-lasting effect of introduced predators. C1 [Drummond, Brie A.; Leonard, Marty L.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Drummond, Brie A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Arlington Cty, VA USA. RP Drummond, BA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Izaak Walton Killam Predoctoral Scholarship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We are grateful to the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, particularly G. V. Byrd, J. Williams, and the crew of the M/V Tiglax, for enthusiastic cooperation and logistical support. D. Rehder and M. McClintock provided assistance in the field. D. Bowen, G. V. Byrd, A. Horn, I. McLaren, C. Stacier, J. Williams, and R. Ydenberg generously commented on earlier drafts. Funding was provided by a Challenge Cost Share Agreement from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and an Izaak Walton Killam Predoctoral Scholarship to B. A. Drummond, and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to M. L. Leonard. This research was approved by the University Committee on Laboratory Animals at Dalhousie University through accordance with the Canadian Council of Animal Care. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR 4 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 827WG UT WOS:000295459500005 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Wallace, MC Strobel, B AF Boal, Clint W. Wallace, Mark C. Strobel, Brad TI PERSPECTIVES ON ANIMAL WELFARE LEGISLATION AND STUDY CONSIDERATIONS FOR FIELD-ORIENTED STUDIES OF RAPTORS IN THE UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal welfare act; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC); Public Health Service Policy; raptor; research AB Concern for the welfare of animals used in research and teaching has increased over the last 50 yr. Animal welfare legislation has resulted in guidelines for the use of animals in research, but the guidelines can be problematic because they focus on animals used in laboratory and agriculture research. Raptor biologists can be constrained by guidelines, restrictions, and oversight that were not intended for field research methods or wild animals in the wild or captivity. Field researchers can be further hampered by not understanding animal welfare legislation, who is subject to oversight, or that oversight is often provided by a committee consisting primarily of scientists who work with laboratory animals. Raptor researchers in particular may experience difficulty obtaining approval due to use of various species-specific trapping and handling methods. We provide a brief review of animal welfare legislation and describe the basic components and responsibilities of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) in the United States. We identify topics in raptor research that are especially problematic to obtaining IACUC approval, and we provide insight on how to address these issues. Finally, we suggest that all raptor researchers, regardless of legal requirements, abide by the spirit of the animal welfare principles. Failure to do so may bring about further regulatory and permitting restrictions. C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DBI-0832697] FX The genesis of this paper stems from the many issues and conversations we (CWB and MCW) have been involved in as members of the Texas Tech University IACUC, and from numerous conversations and discussions CWB has had with other raptor researchers. We appreciate the thoughtful reviews of J. Dwyer, T. Estabrook, B. Goodwin, B. Hull, P. Kennedy, J. McGlone, C. McIntyre, and K. Titus. This work was supported in part (MCW) by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF-DBI-0832697. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.3356/JRR-09-80.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 696KV UT WOS:000285441200002 ER PT J AU Behney, AC Boal, CW Whitlaw, HA Lucia, DR AF Behney, Adam C. Boal, Clint W. Whitlaw, Heather A. Lucia, Duane R. TI PREY USE BY SWAINSON'S HAWKS IN THE LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN RANGE OF THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS OF TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus; diet; Great Plains; Texas ID POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY C1 [Behney, Adam C.; Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Lucia, Duane R.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Behney, AC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; USGS Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We extend our appreciation to all the landowners who allowed us permission to access their property and conduct this research program. We thank the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the USGS Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for providing the funding for this study. This paper benefited from the thoughtful reviews of S. DeStefano, C. Swolgaard, an anonymous reviewer, and the editing direction of C. Dykstra. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.3356/JRR-10-15.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 696KV UT WOS:000285441200009 ER PT J AU Nestler, JM Theiling, CH Lubinski, KS Smith, DL AF Nestler, John M. Theiling, Charles H. Lubinski, Kenneth S. Smith, David L. TI REFERENCE CONDITION APPROACH TO RESTORATION PLANNING SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE reference condition; Upper Mississippi River; restoration planning; restoration framework; large river restoration; river hydrology ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; SCALE; INTEGRITY; REGIME; NEED AB Ecosystem restoration planning requires quantitative rigor to evaluate alternatives, define end states, report progress and perform environmental benefits analysis (EBA). Unfortunately, existing planning frameworks are, at best, semi-quantitative. In this paper, we: (1) describe a quantitative restoration planning approach based on a comprehensive, but simple mathematical framework that can be used to effectively apply knowledge and evaluate alternatives, (2) use the approach to derive a simple but precisely defined lexicon based on the reference condition concept and allied terms and (3) illustrate the approach with an example from the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) using hydrologic indicators. The approach supports the development of a scaleable restoration strategy that, in theory, can be expanded to ecosystem characteristics such as hydraulics, geomorphology, habitat and biodiversity. We identify three reference condition types, best achievable condition (A(BAC)), measured magnitude (MMi which can be determined at one or many times and places) and desired future condition (A(DFC)) that, when used with the mathematical framework, provide a complete system of accounts useful for goal-oriented system-level management and restoration. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nestler, John M.; Smith, David L.] USA, Environm Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP W, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Theiling, Charles H.] USA, Corps Engineers, Rock Isl, IL 61204 USA. [Lubinski, Kenneth S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Nestler, JM (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP W, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM john.m.nestler@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Engineer District, Rock Island; System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP) FX We acknowledge Dr Luther Aadland (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) for sharing ideas on a parsimonious, clear and persuasive definition of restoration. We appreciate discussions by members of the UMRS Science Panel that crystallized the NESP restoration issues to the point where they could be formalized for a mathematical treatment. Toni Toney (U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center) and Mike Davis (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) provided technical reviews of the paper. The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research conducted under the sponsorship of the U.S. Army Engineer District, Rock Island (who manages the NESP) and the System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP). Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1199 EP 1219 DI 10.1002/rra.1330 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 694RE UT WOS:000285314500001 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JKH Letcher, BH Nislow, KH Lutz, KA Magilligan, FJ AF Zimmerman, Julie K. H. Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. Lutz, Kimberly A. Magilligan, Francis J. TI DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF DAMS ON SUBDAILY VARIATION IN RIVER FLOWS AT A WHOLE-BASIN SCALE SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Connecticut River; dams; flood control; flow restoration; flow variability; hydrologic alteration; hydropower; subdaily variation ID GLEN CANYON DAM; CONNECTICUT RIVER; PHYSICAL HABITAT; VARIABILITY; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; REGIME; IMPOUNDMENT; HYDROPOWER; MANAGEMENT AB River regulation can alter the frequency and magnitude of subdaily flow variations causing major impacts on ecological structure and function. We developed an approach to quantify subdaily flow variation for multiple sites across a large watershed to assess the potential impacts of different dam operations (flood control, run-of-river hydropower and peaking hydropower) on natural communities. We used hourly flow data over a 9-year period from 30 stream gages throughout the Connecticut River basin to calculate four metrics of subdaily flow variation and to compare sites downstream of dams with unregulated sites. Our objectives were to (1) determine the temporal scale of data needed to characterize subdaily variability; (2) compare the frequency of days with high subdaily flow variation downstream of dams and unregulated sites; (3) analyse the magnitude of subdaily variation at all sites and (4) identify individual sites that had subdaily variation significantly higher than unregulated locations. We found that estimates of flow variability based on daily mean flow data were not sufficient to characterize subdaily flow patterns. Alteration of subdaily flows was evident in the number of days natural ranges of variability were exceeded, rather than in the magnitude of subdaily variation, suggesting that all rivers may exhibit highly variable subdaily flows, but altered rivers exhibit this variability more frequently. Peaking hydropower facilities had the most highly altered subdaily flows; however, we observed significantly altered ranges of subdaily variability downstream of some flood-control and run-of-river hydropower dams. Our analysis can be used to identify situations where dam operating procedures could be modified to reduce the level of hydrologic alteration. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zimmerman, Julie K. H.] Nature Conservancy, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, S O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lutz, Kimberly A.] Nature Conservancy, Northampton, MA 01060 USA. [Magilligan, Francis J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zimmerman, JKH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 5410 Grosvenor Lane,Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jzimmerman@tnc.org FU Bingham Trust; Nature Conservancy; US Army Corps of Engineers FX Funding for this project was provided by the Bingham Trust. We thank Alex Lester for assisting with data collection and calculation of metrics, and Alex Jospe for assisting with figure creation. This paper was completed as part of the Connecticut River Watershed Project, a joint partnership of The Nature Conservancy and US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 48 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 38 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1246 EP 1260 DI 10.1002/rra.1324 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 694RE UT WOS:000285314500003 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ St John, J AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. St John, Judy TI Characterization of small microsatellite loci for use in non invasive sampling studies of Gunnison Sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus minimus; Gunnison Sage-grouse; Microsatellite; Non invasive sampling ID COLORADO AB Primers for 10 microsatellite loci were developed specifically to amplify low quantity and quality DNA for Gunnison Sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus), a species that has been petitioned for listing under the US Endangered Species Act. In a screen of 20 individuals from the largest population in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to seven alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although one locus revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses and for use in mark recapture studies that utilize DNA collected non invasively from feathers and fecal pellets, which will ultimately aid in management efforts. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; St John, Judy] Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov FU Colorado Division of Wildlife FX This work was funded by the Colorado Division of Wildlife. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank B. Fedy and W. Iko for useful comments on this paper. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s12686-009-9122-8 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000004 ER PT J AU Macias-Duarte, A Conway, CJ Munguia-Vega, A Culver, M AF Macias-Duarte, Alberto Conway, Courtney J. Munguia-Vega, Adrian Culver, Melanie TI Novel microsatellite loci for the burrowing owl Athene cunicularia SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Burrowing owl; Athene cunicularia; Microsatellites; Sinaloa; California ID DNA; SOFTWARE; NORTH AB The breeding distribution of western burrowing owl is experiencing an intriguing southward shift, contrary to the predictions of climate change. To determine the breeding dispersal patterns underlying this distributional change, we developed 11 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the species. We tested these loci in two burrowing owl breeding populations, one from central Sinaloa, Mexico, and one from the Central Valley of California, USA. All loci were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except two loci for the California population. Expected heterozygosity was relatively high ((H) over bar (E) = 0.813, range 0.515-0.942). Average number of alleles was 11.64 ( range 5-25). We found no evidence of linkage disequilibrium for any pair-wise tests between loci. C1 [Macias-Duarte, Alberto; Conway, Courtney J.; Munguia-Vega, Adrian; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Macias-Duarte, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM alberto@email.arizona.edu FU US Department of Defense (DoD); National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); iPlant Collaborative; Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program of the World Wildlife Fund; US National Park Service; American Ornithologists' Union; University of Arizona; Sonoran Joint Venture of the US Fish and Wildlife Service; Silliman Memorial Research Award, TE, Inc.; Wallace Research Foundation; Tinker Foundation; William A. Calder III Memorial Scholarship; International Wildlife Foundation FX We thank the US Department of Defense (DoD), National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT), iPlant Collaborative, Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program of the World Wildlife Fund, US National Park Service, American Ornithologists' Union, University of Arizona, Sonoran Joint Venture of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Silliman Memorial Research Award, T&E, Inc., Wallace Research Foundation, Tinker Foundation, William A. Calder III Memorial Scholarship, and the International Wildlife Foundation for financial support. We thank the Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales of Mexico, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service for issuing scientific collection permits. We thank Edith Torres and Sergio Sanchez from the University of Sinaloa and DoD personnel from US Army Pueblo Chemical Depot, Fort Carson Army Base, Buckley Air Force Base, and Naval Air Station Lemoore for logistical support. Zoe Hackl, Karla Pelz, and Judith Ramirez provided substantial laboratory assistance. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s12686-009-9150-4 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000015 ER PT J AU Luzier, CW Docker, MF Whitesel, TA AF Luzier, Christina W. Docker, Margaret F. Whitesel, Timothy A. TI Characterization of ten microsatellite loci for western brook lamprey Lampetra richardsoni SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Western brook lamprey; Microsatellites; Lampetra sp.; Entosphenus sp. AB We describe the isolation and development of ten polymorphic microsatellite loci for western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni). Two to nine alleles were observed per locus in a sample of 35 fish. Gene diversity ranged from 0.000 to 0.792 in six populations. Cross-species amplification was successful as nine, seven and eight loci were polymorphic in Lampetra pacifica, Entosphenus hubbsi, and Entosphenus tridentatus, respectively. These markers will aid in evaluating the population structure of lamprey that are native to western North America. C1 [Luzier, Christina W.; Whitesel, Timothy A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Docker, Margaret F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Luzier, CW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Ct,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM christina_luzier@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Stewart Reid, Damon Goodman and Greg Silver for providing samples; Craig McFarlane for technical assistance; and Howard Schaller and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for financial support. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the USFWS. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s12686-009-9155-z PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000016 ER PT J AU Mercer, DM Haig, SM Mullins, TD AF Mercer, Dacey M. Haig, Susan M. Mullins, Thomas D. TI Isolation and characterization of eight novel microsatellite loci in the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Phalacrocorax auritus; Pelecaniforme; Double-crested cormorant; Microsatellite AB We describe the isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci from the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus). Genetic variability was assessed using 60 individuals from three populations. All loci were variable with the number of alleles ranging from two to 17 per locus, and observed heterozygosity varying from 0.05 to 0.89. No loci showed signs of linkage disequilibrium and all loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium frequencies. Further, all loci amplified and were polymorphic in two related Phalacrocorax species. These loci should prove useful for population genetic studies of the double-crested cormorant and other pelecaniform species. C1 [Mercer, Dacey M.; Haig, Susan M.; Mullins, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mercer, Dacey M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mercer, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dacmercer@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9178-5 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000026 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Parker, JM AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Parker, Joshua M. TI Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Crotalus oreganus concolor; Midget faded rattlesnake; Microsatellites; Population genetics ID SAGE-GROUSE AB Primers for 10 microsatellite loci were developed for midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor), a small bodied subspecies of the Western Rattlesnake, which is found in the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming. In a screen of 23 individuals from the most northern portion of the subspecies range in southwestern Wyoming, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from 4 to 11 alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although one locus revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses, which will ultimately aid in management efforts for this rare subspecies of rattlesnake. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Parker, Joshua M.] Coll So Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89146 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9181-x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000027 ER PT J AU Ward, R Shaw, KM Small, ST Lellis, WA AF Ward, Rocky Shaw, Kristine M. Small, Scott T. Lellis, William A. TI Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in Elliptio complanata (Mollusca: Unionidae) and cross-species amplification within the genus Elliptio SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Elliptio complanata Lightfoot; Elliptio hopetonensis Lea; Elliptio shepardiana Lea; Elliptio dariensis Lea; Elliptio icterina Conrad; Microsatellites ID BIVALVIA AB Fourteen microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in the eastern elliptio (Elliptio complanata). The loci were screened across 24 individuals from a single population sampled in the Delaware River. All loci were found to be polymorphic with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 8 to 20. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.350 to 0.900. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in five of 14 microsatellite loci. In each case, failure to meet Hardy-Weinberg expectation was due to heterozygote deficiency. Cross-species amplification was tested using four additional Elliptio species: E. hoptenensis, E. shepardiana, E. dariensis, and E. icterina. C1 [Ward, Rocky; Shaw, Kristine M.; Lellis, William A.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Small, Scott T.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ward, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM rward@wtamu.edu FU USGS; West Texas AM University; University of Georgia FX Financial support was provided by the USGS Fisheries Aquatic and Endangered Resources (FAER) Program, West Texas A&M University, and the University of Georgia. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9186-5 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000029 ER PT J AU Gutzwiller, KJ Barrow, WC White, JD Johnson-Randall, L Cade, BS Zygo, LM AF Gutzwiller, Kevin J. Barrow, Wylie C., Jr. White, Joseph D. Johnson-Randall, Lori Cade, Brian S. Zygo, Lisa M. TI Assessing conservation relevance of organism-environment relations using predicted changes in response variables SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE biological significance; confidence intervals; conservation decision making; conservation effectiveness; response magnitude; response uncertainty; statistical predictive models; thresholds for conservation action ID BIRD SPECIES RICHNESS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; MODELS; FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT; SCALE; ASSOCIATIONS; LANDSCAPES; ECOLOGY; POWER AB 1. Organism-environment models are used widely in conservation. The degree to which they are useful for informing conservation decisions - the conservation relevance of these relations - is important because lack of relevance may lead to misapplication of scarce conservation resources or failure to resolve important conservation dilemmas. Even when models perform well based on model fit and predictive ability, conservation relevance of associations may not be clear without also knowing the magnitude and variability of predicted changes in response variables. 2. We introduce a method for evaluating the conservation relevance of organism-environment relations that employs confidence intervals for predicted changes in response variables. The confidence intervals are compared to a preselected magnitude of change that marks a threshold (trigger) for conservation action. To demonstrate the approach, we used a case study from the Chihuahuan Desert involving relations between avian richness and broad-scale patterns of shrubland. We considered relations for three winters and two spatial extents (1- and 2-km-radius areas) and compared predicted changes in richness to three thresholds (10%, 20% and 30% change). For each threshold, we examined 48 relations. 3. The method identified seven, four and zero conservation-relevant changes in mean richness for the 10%, 20% and 30% thresholds respectively. These changes were associated with major (20%) changes in shrubland cover, mean patch size, the coefficient of variation for patch size, or edge density but not with major changes in shrubland patch density. The relative rarity of conservation-relevant changes indicated that, overall, the relations had little practical value for informing conservation decisions about avian richness. 4. The approach we illustrate is appropriate for various response and predictor variables measured at any temporal or spatial scale. The method is broadly applicable across ecological environments, conservation objectives, types of statistical predictive models and levels of biological organization. By focusing on magnitudes of change that have practical significance, and by using the span of confidence intervals to incorporate uncertainty of predicted changes, the method can be used to help improve the effectiveness of conservation efforts. C1 [Gutzwiller, Kevin J.; White, Joseph D.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.; Johnson-Randall, Lori] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gutzwiller, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM kevin_gutzwiller@baylor.edu FU US Geological Survey [99CRAG00013] FX We thank R. Skiles for logistical support; B. Alex, G. Levandoski, C. McKnight and M. Powell for data collection and compilation; the US Geological Survey's Global Change Program for funding (Cooperative Agreement no. 99CRAG00013); and S. K. Riffell and S. K. Skagen for comments on an initial draft of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 1 IS 4 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00042.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 742CC UT WOS:000288914700004 ER PT J AU Lopes, IF Haig, SM Del Lama, SN AF Lopes, Iara F. Haig, Susan M. Del Lama, Silva N. TI Genetic Characterization of Neotropical Jabiru Storks: Insights for Conservation SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Ciconiidae; gene flow; genetic variability; Jabiru mycteria; mitochondrial DNA; microsatellite loci; wetlands protection ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; STATISTICAL TESTS; PANTANAL WETLANDS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; COALESCENT; NEUTRALITY; MUTATIONS; VARIANCE AB Jabiru Stork (Jabiru mycteria) is listed under Appendix I of CITES and considered threatened in Central America. The first population genetic analysis of Jabiru Storks was carried out using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences (520 bp) mid live heterologous microsatellite loci. Samples were collected from the field (N = 49) and museum skins (N = 22) in Central (mainly Belize, Nicaragua and Costa Rica) and South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil). A decline of mtDNA diversity was observed in comparisons between past (N = 20) and present (N = 40) samples collected in Central America and northern South America. Similar levels of microsatellite loci diversity were observed among contemporary samples. Lower levels of mtDNA variability were observed in samples from Central America and northern South America when compared to the Brazilian Pantanal region. Significant levels of genetic differentiation were found between contemporary locations sampled, whereas non-significant results were observed for historic samples. The non-geographic association of haplotypes observed at the cladograms and the recent divergence times estimated between locations are indicative of an evolutionary history of a large population size with limited population structure. Reconnection of populations via increased gene flow, particularly in Central America, is recommended if genetic structure and status are to be restored. Received 29 September 2009, accepted 17 March 2010. C1 [Lopes, Iara F.; Del Lama, Silva N.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Lopes, Iara F.] Univ Fed Sao Joao Del Rei, Dept Engn Biossistemas, BR-36301360 Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil. [Lopes, Iara F.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lopes, IF (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Rodovia Washington Luis SP-310,Km 235, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM iaraflopes@ufsj.edu.br RI Lopes, Iara/A-9425-2013 FU FAPESP [2004/15205-8]; CNPq [140768/2002-5]; CAPES [BEN: 2925/03]; USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; PPGGEV FX The authors are grateful to property owners who allowed access to Jabiru Stork nests in the Pantanal. M. A. Del Lama, C. D. Rocha, D. M. M. Oliveira and M. H. Santos helped with field work. K. Meyer, O. Figueroa, A. Cole and G. Rios sent fresh samples from Belize and the Llanos of Venezuela. E. Paul helped contacting people to increase sample size and C. Fernandes shared DNA extraction protocols. H. M. Draheim, P.J. Faria, M. Fitzpatrick, W C. Funk, D. C. Kesler and M. P. Miller commented on the manuscript. Museums that provided tissue samples include: American Museum of Natural History, National Museum of Natural History, Field Museum of Natural History, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, California Academy of Science, USGS Texas Cooperative Wildlife Unit collection and Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science. CE-MAVE/IBAMA grave permissions. FAPESP (2004/15205-8), CNPq (140768/2002-5), CAPES (BEN: 2925/03), USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and PPGGEV supported this study. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 425 EP 437 DI 10.1675/063.033.0401 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 750HF UT WOS:000289536500001 ER PT J AU Thibault, JM Sanders, FJ Jodice, PGR AF Thibault, Janet M. Sanders, Felicia J. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Parental Attendance and Brood Success in American Oystercatchers in South Carolina SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; brood survival; Cape Romain; Haematopus palliatus; parental attendance; South Carolina ID ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE; HAEMATOPUS-OSTRALEGUS; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; GEORGIA; CARE AB Research on breeding American Oystercatchers has focused on identifying factors that affect reproductive success but little attention has been paid to parent behavior during chick-rearing. Parental attendance of American Oystercatchers was measured in Bulls Bay and along the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (Waterway) within the Cape Romain Region, South Carolina, USA, during 2006. Parental attendance rates averaged 90.9% in Bulls Bay and 81.4% along the Waterway. Daily survival of chicks was higher in Bulls Bay (0.989 +/- 0.007) compared to the Waterway (0.966 +/- 0.012). The extent of shellfish reefs (i.e. foraging areas) adjacent to nest sites was greater in Bulls Bay (5,633 +/- 658 m(2)) compared to the Waterway (3,273 +/- 850 m(2)). Mean parental attendance in Bulls Bay was higher for successful broods (90.5%) compared to failed broods (79.8%). In contrast, mean parental attendance along the Waterway was higher for failed broods (93.4%) compared to successful broods (67.5%). Less extensive shellfish reefs adjacent to nest sites along the Waterway appeared to require parents to depart more frequently to forage and the resultant reduction in attendance may have negatively affected cluck survival. Bulls Bay may provide higher quality nesting habitat compared to the Waterway with respect to proximity to food resources and parental attendance. Management and conservation efforts for American Oystercatchers should consider the relationship between foraging and nesting habitat and variability in behavioral attributes, such as parental attendance, in relationship to environmental conditions which ultimately affect reproductive success. Received 10 November 2009, accepted 31 March 2010. C1 [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Thibault, Janet M.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sanders, Felicia J.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; Department of Forestry of Natural Resources at Clemson University; USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Clemson University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank M. Spinks, B. Harris, S. Dawsey, M. Connolly, D. Browning and C. Wakefield. This research was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Savannah Santee PeeDee Restoration Fund), a state wildlife grant from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, the Department of Forestry of Natural Resources at Clemson University and the USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Logistical support was provided by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge and the South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. K. Schulte assisted with digital orthophotographs of the shellfish reefs and W. Bridges provided statistical assistance. The manuscript benefitted from comments by A. Wilke, W. Bridges, C. McGowan and two anonymous reviewers, The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1675/063.033.0410 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 750HF UT WOS:000289536500010 ER PT J AU Bruna, JLG Munoz-Martin, A ten Brink, US Carbo-Gorosabel, A Estrada, PL Martin-Davila, J Cordoba-Barba, D Morollon, MC AF Granja Bruna, J. L. Munoz-Martin, A. ten Brink, U. S. Carbo-Gorosabel, A. Llanes Estrada, P. Martin-Davila, J. Cordoba-Barba, D. Catalan Morollon, M. TI Gravity modeling of the Muertos Trough and tectonic implications (north-eastern Caribbean) SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE Caribbean plate; Muertos Trough; Gravity modeling; Retroarc thrusting ID PUERTO-RICO; GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS; ACCRETIONARY PRISMS; VENEZUELAN BASIN; GPS MEASUREMENTS; SEISMIC IMAGES; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; THRUST BELT; ARC; SUBDUCTION AB The Muertos Trough in the northeast Caribbean has been interpreted as a subduction zone from seismicity, leading to infer a possible reversal subduction polarity. However, the distribution of the seismicity is very diffuse and makes definition of the plate geometry difficult. In addition, the compressive deformational features observed in the upper crust and sandbox kinematic modeling do not necessarily suggest a subduction process. We tested the hypothesized subduction of the Caribbean plate's interior beneath the eastern Greater Antilles island arc using gravity modeling. Gravity models simulating a subduction process yield a regional mass deficit beneath the island arc independently of the geometry and depth of the subducted slab used in the models. This mass deficit results from sinking of the less dense Caribbean slab beneath the lithospheric mantle replacing denser mantle materials and suggests that there is not a subducted Caribbean plateau beneath the island arc. The geologically more realistic gravity model which would explain the N-S shortening observed in the upper crust requires an overthrusted Caribbean slab extending at least 60 km northward from the deformation front, a progressive increase in the thrusting angle from 8 degrees to 30 degrees reaching a maximum depth of 22 km beneath the insular slope. This new tectonic model for the Muertos Margin, defined as a retroarc thrusting, will help to assess the seismic and tsunami hazard in the region. The use of gravity modeling has provided targets for future wide-angle seismic surveys in the Muertos Margin. C1 [Granja Bruna, J. L.; Munoz-Martin, A.; Carbo-Gorosabel, A.; Llanes Estrada, P.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Appl Tectonophys Grp, Dept Geodinam, Madrid 28944, Spain. [ten Brink, U. S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cordoba-Barba, D.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Tierra & Astrofis 1, Madrid 28944, Spain. [Martin-Davila, J.; Catalan Morollon, M.] Real Inst, San Fernando De Henares 11100, Cadiz, Spain. [Martin-Davila, J.; Catalan Morollon, M.] Observ Armada, San Fernando De Henares 11100, Cadiz, Spain. RP Bruna, JLG (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Appl Tectonophys Grp, Dept Geodinam, Madrid 28944, Spain. EM jlgranja@geo.ucm.es; utenbrink@usgs.gov; mdavila@roa.es; dcordoba@fis.ucm.es RI Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/L-5811-2014; ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/0000-0002-5302-5119; ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 FU Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [REN2003-08520-C02-01, CTM2006-13666-C02-01, REN2002-12855-E/MAR]; U.S. Geological Survey; Puerto Rico Seismic Network FX We are in debt to the Captain, officers, and crew of the R/V Hesperides and the technicians of the Unidad de Tecnologia Marina and the U. S. Geological Survey for their professional help at sea. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (leaded by Andres Carbo-Gorosabel and Diego Cordoba-Barba; Projects REN2003-08520-C02-01, CTM2006-13666-C02-01 and complementary action REN2002-12855-E/MAR), the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Program, and the Puerto Rico Seismic Network. J.L. Granja was funded with a doctoral grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. We also want to thank the Direccion General de Mineria of Dominican Republic for providing the onshore gravity data. We also thank to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 263 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s11001-010-9107-8 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 740SU UT WOS:000288815500003 ER PT J AU Kalkreuth, W Holz, M Mexias, A Balbinot, M Levandowski, J Willett, J Finkelman, R Burger, H AF Kalkreuth, W. Holz, M. Mexias, A. Balbinot, M. Levandowski, J. Willett, J. Finkelman, R. Burger, H. TI Depositional setting, petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Parana Basin: 2. South Santa Catarina Coalfield, Brazil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Meeting of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP)/26th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY SEP 19-26, 2009 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP Soc Organic Petrol DE South Santa Catarina Coalfield; Parana Basin; Brazil; Sequence stratigraphy; Coal petrology and chemistry; Statistical evaluation ID SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; NOVA-SCOTIA; SEAM; PETROGRAPHY; FLORIDA; STRATA; SULFUR; CANADA AB In Brazil economically important coal deposits occur in the southern part of the Parana Basin, where coal seams occur in the Permian Rio Bonito Formation, with major coal development in the states of Rio Grande de Sul and Santa Catarina. The current paper presents results on sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the coal-bearing strata, and petrological and geochemical coal seam characterization from the South Santa Catarina Coalfield, Parana Basin. In terms of sequence stratigraphic interpretation the precursor mires of the Santa Catarina coal seams formed in an estuarine-barrier shoreface depositional environment, with major peat accumulation in a high stand systems tract (Pre-Bonito and Bonito seams), a lowstand systems tract (Ponta Alta seam, seam A, seam B) and a transgressive systems tract (Irapua, Barro Branco and Treviso seams). Seam thicknesses range from 1.70 to 239 m, but high proportions of impure coal (coaly shale and shaley coal), carbonaceous shale and partings reduce the net coal thickness significantly. Coal lithoypes are variable, with banded coal predominant in the Barro Branco seam, and banded dull and dull coal predominantly in Bonito and Irapua seams, respectively. Results from petrographic analyses indicate a vitrinite reflectance range from 0.76 to 1.63%Random (FIVB A to LVB coal). Maceral group distribution varies significantly, with the Barro Branco seam having the highest vitrinite content (mean 67.5 vol%), whereas the Irapua seam has the highest inertinite content (33.8 vol%). Liptinite mean values range from 7.8 vol% (Barro Branco seam) to 22.5 vol% (Irapud seam). Results from proximate analyses indicate for the three seams high ash yields (502 - 64.2 wt.%). Considering the International Classification of in-Seam Coals, all samples are in fact classified as carbonaceous rocks (>50 wt.% ash). Sulfur contents range from 3.4 to 7.7 wt.%, of which the major part occurs as pyritic sulfur. Results of X-ray diffraction indicate the predominance of quartz and kaolinite (also pyrite). Gypsum, gibbsite, jarosite and calcite were also identified in some samples. Feldspar was noted but is rare. The major element distribution in the three seams (coal basis) is dominated by SiO(2) (31.3 wt.%. mean value). Al(2)O(3) (14.5 wt.%, mean value) and Fe(2)O(3) (6.9 wt.%, mean value). Considering the concentrations of trace elements that are of potential environmental hazards the Barro Branco, Bonito and Irapua seams (coal base) are significantly enriched in Co (15.7 ppm), Cr (54.5 ppm), Li (59.3 ppm), Mn (150.4 ppm), Pb (58.0 ppm) and V (99.6 ppm), when compared to average trace elements contents reported for U. S. coals. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified, based on similarity levels, three groups of major elements and seven groups of trace elements. Applying discriminant analyses using trace and major element distribution, it could be demonstrated that the three seams from Santa Catarina show distinct populations in the discriminant analyses plots, and also differ from the coals of Rio Grande do Sul analyzed in a previous study. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kalkreuth, W.; Mexias, A.; Balbinot, M.; Levandowski, J.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Geociencias, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Holz, M.] Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Geociencias, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Willett, J.; Finkelman, R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Burger, H.] Free Univ Berlin, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. RP Kalkreuth, W (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Geociencias, Av Bento Goncalves 9500, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM Wolfgang.Kalkreuth@ufrgs.br RI Mexias, Andre/G-4559-2012; Holz, Michael/L-3269-2013; OI Mexias, Andre/0000-0003-0375-6439 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 84 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 213 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2010.08.008 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 709BK UT WOS:000286410000007 ER PT J AU Solum, JG Davatzes, NC Loaner, DA AF Solum, John G. Davatzes, Nicholas C. Loaner, David A. TI Fault-related clay authigenesis along the Moab Fault: Implications for calculations of fault rock composition and mechanical and hydrologic fault zone properties SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUID-FLOW; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; SEAL PREDICTION; GOUGE; SANDSTONES; ILLITE/SMECTITE; PERMEABILITY; ARCHITECTURE; BENTONITES; DIAGENESIS AB The presence of clays in fault rocks influences both the mechanical and hydrologic properties of clay-bearing faults, and therefore it is critical to understand the origin of clays in fault rocks and their distributions is of great importance for defining fundamental properties of faults in the shallow crust. Field mapping shows that layers of clay gouge and shale smear are common along the Moab Fault, from exposures with throws ranging from 10 to similar to 1000 m. Elemental analyses of four locations along the Moab Fault show that fault rocks are enriched in clays at R191 and Bartlett Wash, but that this clay enrichment occurred at different times and was associated with different fluids. Fault rocks at Corral and Courthouse Canyons show little difference in elemental composition from adjacent protolith, suggesting that formation of fault rocks at those locations is governed by mechanical processes. Friction tests show that these authigenic clays result in fault zone weakening, and potentially influence the style of failure along the fault (seismogenic vs. aseismic) and potentially influence the amount of fluid loss associated with coseismic dilation. Scanning electron microscopy shows that authigenesis promotes that continuity of slip surfaces, thereby enhancing seal capacity. The occurrence of the authigenesis, and its influence on the sealing properties of faults, highlights the importance of determining the processes that control this phenomenon. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Solum, John G.] Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Bellaire Technol Ctr, Houston, TX 77025 USA. [Davatzes, Nicholas C.] Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Loaner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Solum, JG (reprint author), Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Bellaire Technol Ctr, 3737 Bellaire Blvd, Houston, TX 77025 USA. EM j.solum@shell.com RI jingjing, cai/M-2687-2013 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Program; Shell International Exploration and Production; Sam Houston State University FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Program (Solum, Davatzes) and Shell International Exploration and Production (Solum, Davatzes) and Sam Houston State University (Solum). The use of the XL3-t device was graciously provided by ThermoNiton. The authors thank management at Shell for permission to publish and Brent Couzens-Schultz, Alan Morris, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their reviews of an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1899 EP 1911 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.009 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702MN UT WOS:000285898900005 ER PT J AU Martin, BM Irwin, ER AF Martin, Benjamin M. Irwin, Elise R. TI A Digital Underwater Video Camera System for Aquatic Research in Regulated Rivers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; BEHAVIOR; COST; FISH AB We designed a digital underwater video camera system to monitor nesting centrarchid behavior in the Tallapoosa River, Alabama, 20 km below a peaking hydropower dam with a highly variable flow regime. Major components of the system included a digital video recorder, multiple underwater cameras, and specially fabricated substrate stakes. The innovative design of the substrate stakes allowed us to effectively observe nesting redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus in a highly regulated river. Substrate stakes, which were constructed for the specific substratum complex (i.e., sand, gravel, and cobble) identified at our study site, were able to withstand a discharge level of approximately 300 m(3)/s and allowed us to simultaneously record 10 active nests before and during water releases from the dam. We believe our technique will be valuable for other researchers that work in regulated rivers to quantify behavior of aquatic fauna in response to a discharge disturbance. C1 [Irwin, Elise R.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci 3301, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Irwin, ER (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci 3301, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM eirwin@usgs.gov FU Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries; Alabama Power Company; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors are members of the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, which consists of the U.S. Geological Survey; the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University; the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries; the Wildlife Management Institute; and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This research was funded by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, the Alabama Power Company, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Jeff Holder, Chase Katechis, Molly Martin, and Josh Moore for their assistance with this research. P. Bettoli, J. Jolley, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on the manuscript. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products, software, or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1369 DI 10.1577/M09-201.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000001 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Gates, KS Palmer, DE AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Gates, Kenneth S. Palmer, Douglas E. TI A Likelihood Framework for Joint Estimation of Salmon Abundance and Migratory Timing Using Telemetric Mark-Recapture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID YUKON RIVER; CHUM SALMON; CAPTURE; POPULATIONS; ALASKA; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; SYSTEM AB Many fisheries for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are actively managed to meet escapement goal objectives. In fisheries where the demand for surplus production is high, an extensive assessment program is needed to achieve the opposing objectives of allowing adequate escapement and fully exploiting the available surplus. Knowledge of abundance is a critical element of such assessment programs. Abundance estimation using mark-recapture experiments in combination with telemetry has become common in recent years, particularly within Alaskan river systems. Fish are typically captured and marked in the lower river while migrating in aggregations of individuals from multiple populations. Recapture data are obtained using telemetry receivers that are co-located with abundance assessment projects near spawning areas, which provide large sample sizes and information on population-specific mark rates. When recapture data are obtained from multiple populations, unequal mark rates may reflect a violation of the assumption of homogeneous capture probabilities. A common analytical strategy is to test the hypothesis that mark rates are homogeneous and combine all recapture data if the test is not significant. However, mark rates are often low, and a test of homogeneity may lack sufficient power to detect meaningful differences among populations. In addition, differences among mark rates may provide information that could be exploited during parameter estimation. We present a temporally stratified mark-recapture model that permits capture probabilities and migratory timing through the capture area to vary among strata. Abundance information obtained from a subset of populations after the populations have segregated for spawning is jointly modeled with telemetry distribution data by use of a likelihood function. Maximization of the likelihood produces estimates of the abundance and timing of individual populations migrating through the capture area, thus yielding substantially more information than the total abundance estimate provided by the conventional approach. The utility of the model is illustrated with data for coho salmon O. kisutch from the Kasilof River in south-central Alaska. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gates, Kenneth S.; Palmer, Douglas E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Region, Fisheries and Ecological Services; USFWS Alaska Region, Office of Subsistence Management FX Funding for model development, data collection, and data analysis was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska Region, Fisheries and Ecological Services; and USFWS Alaska Region, Office of Subsistence Management. Model development was initiated while J.F.B. was employed by the USFWS Alaska Region, Fisheries and Ecological Services. We are grateful to Michael and Linda Sipes for granting access to their property for video equipment operation, and we thank James Boersma, Chad Whaley, Haley Ohms, and Bill Carter for their hard work in project setup and data collection. We thank Milo Adkison (University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences), Daniel Reed (Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Sport Fish Division), an Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments on a draft of the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1394 DI 10.1577/M10-065.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000004 ER PT J AU Holliman, FM Reynolds, JB Holmes, JAS AF Holliman, F. M. Reynolds, J. B. Holmes, J. A. S. TI Effects of Healing Time and Pulsed-DC Waveform on Injury Detection and Incidence in Electroshocked Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INDUCED MORTALITY; FISH; WATERS AB Electrofishing is widely used to assess juvenile Pacific salmonids in freshwaters, but electroshock-induced injury may result. The small size of juvenile fish makes detection of internal injuries, particularly spinal injuries, more difficult than in adult fish. To test the idea that growth and healing of vertebral injuries over time would render injuries more detectable, we exposed age-1 Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to conventional 60-Hz pulsed direct current (PDC) and dual-frequency PDC (DFPDC; 568 and 15 Hz) in a tank study. To simulate field conditions, capture-prone behaviors (immobilization and forced swimming) were achieved by applying 60-Hz PDC at a voltage gradient of 1.1 V/cm and DFPDC at 5.0 V/cm. Because electroshock treatments occurred only on day 0, we assumed that all injuries occurred on that day. Evaluation of injuries on days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 of a 56-d experiment revealed decreasingly detectable hemorrhages (as a result of healing) but increasingly detectable spinal injuries. Incidences of spinal injury induced by 60-Hz PDC and 568-Hz and 15-Hz DFPDC were both high (40-80% range) and not significantly different. However, fish responses to electroshock (behavior, bruising, mortality, and growth) followed a trend of greater severity for PDC than for DFPDC. Fewer age-0 fish were available; on day 0, they were exposed only to PDC and evaluated only on days 1 and 56. The most marked increase in detection of spinal injuries was observed in age-0 fish: the injury rate increased from 0% on day 1 to 53% on day 56. Immobilization of Chinook salmon (and presumably other juvenile salmonids) by 60-Hz PDC will cause significant trauma. Use of dual-frequency PDC, even at the higher voltage levels sufficient to immobilize these fish, will reduce these effects. Estimates of spinal injury rates in electroshocked juvenile salmonids may be biased downward unless sufficient time has passed for healing and growth to occur, thereby increasing the probability of radiographic detection. C1 [Holliman, F. M.; Reynolds, J. B.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Holmes, J. A. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Holliman, FM (reprint author), Smith Root Inc, 14014 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM fmholliman@smith-root.com FU Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Abernathy Fish Technology Center of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided experimental facilities, logistic and technical support, and the age-0 fish used in the project. We thank Carl Burger, then Center Director, for his support of our research. The Carson National Fish Hatchery, Carson, Washington, supplied the age-1 fish. We thank Smith-Root Inc., Vancouver, Washington, for loan of the electrofishing control unit. The Large Animal Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks provided necropsy and X-ray facilities. Alan Temple, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Conservation Training Center; Robert Clark, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful critiques of the manuscript. The Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit funded this project. The Unit is sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Alaska Fairbanks, and Wildlife Management Institute. Mention of commercial products or firms does not imply endorsement by any of the Unit's sponsors. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1419 DI 10.1577/M10-049.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000008 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC Wilzbach, MA AF Harvey, Bret C. Wilzbach, Margaret A. TI Carcass Addition Does Not Enhance Juvenile Salmonid Biomass, Growth, or Retention in Six Northwestern California Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; SPAWNING SOCKEYE-SALMON; COPPER RIVER DELTA; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; FOOD WEBS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FORESTED STREAMS; RIPARIAN CANOPY AB Fisheries managers commonly consider the addition of salmon carcasses when seeking to enhance salmonid populations. However, the range of environmental conditions under which the technique is effective remains poorly defined. We addressed this issue by measuring the effects of wintertime addition of salmon carcasses on the biomass, growth, and retention of juvenile salmonids in an experiment that included two study reaches within each of six northwestern California streams. In the first 2 years of the study, half of the streams received carcasses in both study reaches; in the subsequent 2 years, we added carcasses only to the downstream reach in all six streams. For juvenile salmonid biomass, growth, and retention, the change in carcass distribution did not affect general patterns in the relationship of the upstream and downstream reaches within streams. Artificial addition of salmon carcasses during winter in streams similar to those we studied appears unlikely to benefit juvenile salmonids in the short-term; management alternatives focused on increasing escapement should probably take priority. C1 [Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wilzbach, Margaret A.] Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@humboldt.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1445 EP 1451 DI 10.1577/M10-022.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000011 ER PT J AU Stewart, TJ O'Gorman, R Sprules, WG Lantry, BF AF Stewart, Thomas J. O'Gorman, Robert Sprules, W. Gary Lantry, B. F. TI The Bioenergetic Consequences of Invasive-Induced Food Web Disruption to Lake Ontario Alewives SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; CERCOPAGIS-PENGOI; RAINBOW SMELT; PREY FISHES; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; ECOSYSTEM CHANGE AB Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus are the dominant prey fish in Lake Ontario, and their response to ecological change can alter the structure and function of the Lake Ontario food web. Using stochastic population-based bioenergetic models of Lake Ontario alewives for 1987-1991 and 2001-2005, we evaluated changes to alewife production, consumption, and associated bioenergetic ratios after invasive-induced food web disruption. After the disruption, mean biomass of alewives declined from 28.0 to 14.6 g/m(2), production declined from 40.8 to 13.6 g . m(-2) . year(-1), and consumption declined from 342.1 to 137.2 g . m(-2) . year(-1), but bootstrapping of error sources suggested that the changes were not statistically significant. Population-based bioenergetic ratios of production to biomass (P/B ratio), total consumption to biomass (Q/B ratio), and production efficiency did not change. Pathways of energy flow measured as prey-group-specific Q/B ratios changed significantly between the two time periods for invasive predatory cladocerans (from 0.6 to 1.3), Mysis diluviana (from 0.4 to 2.5), and other prey (from 0.8 to 0.1), but the observed decline in the zooplankton Q/B ratio (from 10.6 to 5.5) was not significant. Gross production efficiency did not change; values ranged from 8% to 15%. Age-group mean gross conversion efficiency (GCE) declined with age; GCE ranged from 7.5% to 11.0% for yearlings, was approximately 5% for age-2 alewives, and was less than 2% for age-3 and older alewives. The GCE increased significantly between the time periods for yearling alewives. Our analyses support the hypothesis that after 2003, alewives could not sustain their growth while feeding on zooplankton closer to shore. Modeling of observed spatial variation in diet and alternative occupied temperatures demonstrates the potential for reducing consumption by alewives. Our results suggest that Lake Ontario alewives can exploit spatial heterogeneity in resource patches and thermal habitat to partially mitigate the effects of food web disruption. Fish management implications are discussed. C1 [Stewart, Thomas J.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON KOK 2T0, Canada. [O'Gorman, Robert; Lantry, B. F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Sprules, W. Gary] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. RP Stewart, TJ (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Rural Route 4, Picton, ON KOK 2T0, Canada. EM tom.stewart@ontario.ca FU Canada-Ontario Agreement; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Funding for the project was provided by the Canada-Ontario Agreement, Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of early drafts. This article is contribution 1595 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 88 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1485 EP 1504 DI 10.1577/M10-023.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000015 ER PT J AU Martens, KD Connolly, PJ AF Martens, Kyle D. Connolly, Patrick J. TI Effectiveness of a Redesigned Water Diversion Using Rock Vortex Weirs to Enhance Longitudinal Connectivity for Small Salmonids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; NATURE-LIKE FISHWAYS; UPSTREAM MOVEMENT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; STREAM NETWORK; FRASER-RIVER; COHO SALMON; TRIBUTARIES; POPULATIONS; TELEMETRY AB For nearly 100 years, water diversions have affected fish passage in Beaver Creek, a tributary of the lower Methow River in north-central Washington State. From 2000 to 2004, four dam-style water diversions were replaced with a series of rock vortex weirs (RVWs). The weirs were designed to allow fish passage while maintaining the ability to divert water into irrigation canals. We observed the new appearance of three species (juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, juvenile coho salmon O. kisutch, and mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni) upstream of the RVWs, indicating successful restoration of longitudinal connectivity. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and instream PIT tag interrogation systems during 2004-2007 to evaluate upstream passage of small salmonids (<240 mm fork length) through one series of RVWs. We documented 109 upstream passage events by small salmonids through the series of RVWs; most of the events (81%) involved passage of rainbow trout O. mykiss or juvenile steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout). Small rainbow trout or steelhead ranging from 86 to 238 mm (adjusted fork length) were able to pass upstream through the RVWs, although a delay in fish passage at discharges below 0.32 m(3)/s was detected in comparison with nearby control sections. C1 [Martens, Kyle D.; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Martens, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM kmartens@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX Much of the PIT tagging field work and day-to-day maintenance of the interrogation systems was conducted by Brian Fisher and Wesley Tibbits (U. S. Geological Survey). The interrogator sites were located on private land, and we greatly appreciate the access granted by landowners Vic Stokes and Gary Ott. Development, installation, and maintenance of the multi-antenna PIT tag detection system were due in large part to the expertise of and collaboration with Earl Prentice (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries). We acknowledge collaborators Steve Clayton and Denis Ruttenberg (University of Idaho) for their help in understanding the dynamics of RVWs and for providing flow records from 2005 to spring 2006. The Beaver Creek work was supported from a larger effort that was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and administered by Dana Weigel and Michael Newsom. In addition, we thank Dana Weigel for her review of this document. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U. S. Government. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1544 EP 1552 DI 10.1577/M10-025.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000019 ER PT J AU Steed, AC Zale, AV Koel, TM Kalinowski, ST AF Steed, Amber C. Zale, Alexander V. Koel, Todd M. Kalinowski, Steven T. TI Population Viability of Arctic Grayling in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH AB The fluvial Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus is restricted to less than 5% of its native range in the contiguous United States and was relisted as a category 3 candidate species under the U. S. Endangered Species Act in 2010. Although fluvial Arctic grayling of the lower Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, were considered to have been extirpated by 1935, anglers and biologists have continued to report catching low numbers of Arctic grayling in the river. Our goal was to determine whether a viable population of fluvial Arctic grayling persisted in the Gibbon River or whether the fish caught in the river were downstream emigrants from lacustrine populations in headwater lakes. We addressed this goal by determining relative abundances, sources, and evidence for successful spawning of Arctic grayling in the Gibbon River. During 2005 and 2006, Arctic grayling comprised between 0% and 3% of the salmonid catch in riverwide electrofishing (mean < 1%; SE < 1%) and snorkeling (mean - 1%; SE - 1%) surveys; Arctic grayling constituted 0-14% of the salmonid catch obtained by targeted angling (3 of 22 fish; mean = 4%; SE = 5%). Low values of the genetic differentiation index (F(ST) = 0.0021 + 0.002 [mean + 95% confidence interval]) between headwater lake and river Arctic grayling indicated that fish from throughout the Gibbon River system probably belonged to the same population. Back-calculated lengths at most ages were similar among all fish, and successful spawning within the Gibbon River below the headwater lakes was not documented. Few Arctic grayling adults and no fry were detected in the Gibbon River, implying that a reproducing fluvial population does not exist there. These findings have implications for future Endangered Species Act considerations and management of fluvial Arctic grayling within and outside of Yellowstone National Park. Our comprehensive approach is broadly applicable to the management of sparsely detected aquatic species worldwide. C1 [Steed, Amber C.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Steed, Amber C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.; Kalinowski, Steven T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Koel, Todd M.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Steed, AC (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, 490 N Meridian Rd, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. EM asteed@mt.gov FU Yellowstone National Park; Yellowstone Park Foundation FX Yellowstone National Park and the Yellowstone Park Foundation funded this research. Ninh Vu, John Borkowski, Steve Cherry, and Michael Meeuwig provided guidance during this study. Field work was conducted with the support of Dan Mahony, Colleen Blaine, Bonnie Griffis, Chris Romankiewicz, Nicole Legere, Michelle Hall, and many other YNP Fisheries Program and Student Conservation Association interns and volunteers. Tim Bywater and William Voigt provided coordination of anglers participating in the Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Volunteer Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1582 EP 1590 DI 10.1577/M10-083.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000022 ER PT J AU Doherty, KE Andersen, DE Meunier, J Oppelt, E Lutz, RS Bruggink, JG AF Doherty, Kevin E. Andersen, David E. Meunier, Jed Oppelt, Eileen Lutz, R. Scott Bruggink, John G. TI Foraging location quality as a predictor of fidelity to a diurnal site for adult female American woodcock Scolopax minor SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; fidelity; foraging; habitat quality; movement; Scolopax minor ID SELECTION AB Quality of recently used foraging areas is likely an important predictor of fidelity to specific locations in the future. We monitored movement and habitat use of 58 adult female American woodcock Scolopax minor at three study areas in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, USA, during autumn 2002 and 2003, to assess the relationship between foraging habitat use decisions and environmental conditions at previously used foraging locations. We assessed whether habitat variables which related to food and weather were related to distance between locations on subsequent days of individual woodcock that choose diurnal foraging locations when they return from night-time roosting locations. We predicted that woodcock would return to foraging locations used on the previous day (i.e. shorter distances between daily foraging locations) when environmental conditions on the prior day were favourable. Woodcock generally made short (i.e. 48% < 50 m and 91% < 400 m) between-day movements, but also occasionally similar to 7%) abandoned prior foraging areas. The primary determinants of woodcock movements during autumn (prior to migration) were low local food availability and potential for increased food availability elsewhere. The quality of foraging locations was an important predictor of future foraging habitat use for woodcock, consistent with the hypothesis that woodcock movement behaviour balances the risks associated with movement with the potential benefits of increased energy intake in new foraging areas. C1 [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Meunier, Jed; Lutz, R. Scott] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Oppelt, Eileen; Bruggink, John G.] No Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Doherty, KE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington Cty, ND 58503 USA. EM kevin_doherty@fws.gov; dea@umn.edu; jedmeunier@hotmail.com; eileenoppelt@yahoo.com; rslute@facstaff.wisc.edu; jbruggin@nmu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey (Science Support Initiative and the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit); Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Department of Natural Resources FX our project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 3 Migratory Birds and 2001 Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program), U.S. Geological Survey (Science Support Initiative and the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. We thank all the technicians who endured hard days in the field and the staff at Mille Lacs WMA for assistance with logistics. We thank M.E. Seamans and G.S. Zimmerman, who helped with writing the SAS code, and R.J. Gutierrez, G.L. Jones and D.M. Keppie who provided valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank D.G. McAuley for helping with identifying mist-netting and night-lighting sites and suggestions for techniques for handling woodcock and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive suggestions that improved our manuscript. Finally, we thank S.D.Wilds for working to generate support and funding for this project. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.2981/09-100 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 725FB UT WOS:000287629500004 ER PT J AU Paces, JB Neymark, LA Whelan, JF Wooden, JL Lund, SP Marshall, BD AF Paces, James B. Neymark, Leonid A. Whelan, Joseph F. Wooden, Joseph L. Lund, Steven P. Marshall, Brian D. TI Limited hydrologic response to Pleistocene climate change in deep vadose zones - Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE vadose zone; paleohydrogeology; paleoclimate; U-series dating; secondary ion mass spectrometry; Yucca Mountain ID PAST INFILTRATION FLUXES; SECONDARY MINERAL RECORD; TOPOPAH SPRING TUFF; UNSATURATED-ZONE; VIABLE METHODOLOGY; CENTRAL TEXAS; DEATH-VALLEY; CRATER FLAT; DEVILS-HOLE; CALCITE AB Understanding the movement of water through thick vadose zones, especially on time scales encompassing long-term climate change, is increasingly important as societies utilize semi-arid environments for both water resources and sites viewed as favorable for long-term disposal or storage of hazardous waste. Hydrologic responses to Pleistocene climate change within a deep vadose zone in the eastern Mojave Desert at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, were evaluated by uranium-series dating of finely layered hyalitic opal using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Opal is present within cm-thick secondary hydrogenic mineral crusts coating floors of lithophysal cavities in fractured volcanic rocks at depths of 200 to 300 m below land surface. Uranium concentrations in opal fluctuate systematically between 5 and 550 mu g/g. Age-calibrated profiles of uranium concentration correlate with regional climate records over the last 300,000 years and produce time-series spectral peaks that have distinct periodicities of 100- and 41-ka, consistent with planetary orbital parameters. These results indicate that the chemical compositions of percolating solutions varied in response to near-surface, climate-driven processes. However, slow (micrometers per thousand years), relatively uniform growth rates of secondary opal and calcite deposition spanning several glacial-interglacial climate cycles imply that water fluxes in the deep vadose zone remained low and generally buffered from the large fluctuations in available surface moisture during different climates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Paces, James B.; Neymark, Leonid A.; Whelan, Joseph F.; Marshall, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lund, Steven P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Paces, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jbpaces@usgs.gov OI Marshall, Brian/0000-0002-8093-0093 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AI28-07RW12405] FX We thank L Benson, K. Maher, R. Roback, I. Winograd, M. Cosca, S. Ewing and three anonymous journal reviewers for technical reviews of this manuscript and earlier drafts. Funding and field support for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DE-AI28-07RW12405; however, DOE had no involvement in the study design, analyses, or interpretation of results. Author contributions are as follows: Paces had primary responsibility for the study design, data collection, interpretation, and report writing. Neymark and Wooden were instrumental in helping collect U-series data. Lund contributed insights into the comparison of opal and Devils Hole profiles and provided time-series analyses and interpretations. Neymark, Whelan, and Marshall contributed to interpretations of vadose zone mineral genesis and hydrologic processes, and helped refine the final presentation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 300 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.10.006 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 707KG UT WOS:000286284600011 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Haro, RJ Rogala, JT AF Gray, Brian R. Haro, Roger J. Rogala, James T. TI Addressing among-group variation in covariate effects using multilevel models SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Hierarchical models; Hurdle count models; Mayflies; Mixed models; Multilevel models; Negative binomial ID ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; LONGITUDINAL DATA; LINEAR-MODELS; REGRESSION; EPHEMEROPTERA; STREAMS; COUNTS; SCALES; REGION AB Multilevel models are used to model processes associated with hierarchical data structures. Despite infrequent use in the biological and environmental sciences, the use of these models with hierarchically-structured data conveys multiple advantages. These include the assessment of whether covariate effects differ among groups or clusters, and separate estimation of covariate effects by hierarchical level (thereby addressing atomistic and aggregation fallacy concerns). We illustrate these advantages using larval mayfly count data derived from annual surveys on the Mississippi River and a continuous covariate (water depth). C1 [Gray, Brian R.; Rogala, James T.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54503 USA. [Haro, Roger J.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54503 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank Jennie Sauer for providing study data. This paper was improved by reviews by Steve Gutreuter, Mark Holland and Chuck Rose. The study was partially funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers under the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 SI SI BP 573 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s10651-009-0119-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 707KE UT WOS:000286284300011 ER PT J AU Lehto, HL Roman, DC Moran, SC AF Lehto, Heather L. Roman, Diana C. Moran, Seth C. TI Temporal changes in stress preceding the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St Helens, Washington SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mount St Helens; VT earthquakes; fault plane solutions; stress; eruption forecasting; stress tensor inversion; Cascades ID MAGMATIC SYSTEM; EARTHQUAKES; VOLCANO; TENSOR AB The 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St Helens (MSH) Washington was preceded by a swarm of shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VTs) that began on September 23 2004 We calculated locations and fault-plane solutions (FPS) for shallow VTs recorded during a background period (January 1999 to July 2004) and during the early vent-clearing phase (September 23 to 29 2004) of the 2004-2008 eruption FPS show normal and strike-slip faulting during the background period and on September 23 strike-slip and reverse faulting on September 24 and a mixture of strike-slip reverse and normal faulting on September 25-29 The orientation of cri beneath MSH as estimated from stress tensor inversions was found to be sub-horizontal for all periods and oriented NE-SW during the background period NW-SE on September 24 and NE-SW on September 25-29 We suggest that the ephemeral similar to 90 change in sigma(1) orientation was due to intrusion and inflation of a NE-SW-oriented dike in the shallow crust prior to the eruption onset (c) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Lehto, Heather L.; Roman, Diana C.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Moran, Seth C.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Lehto, HL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 528, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699QP UT WOS:000285678200009 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RG Webley, PW AF Vaughan, R. Greg Webley, Peter W. TI Satellite observations of a surtseyan eruption Hunga Ha'apai, Tonga SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hunga Ha apai Volcano; Surtseyan eruption; Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing; ASTER; MODIS ID VOLCANIC ASH CLOUDS; ASTER; SPACEBORNE; ISLANDS; LAKES AB On March 17 2009 a surtseyan eruption occurred around Hunga Ha apai Island Tonga A series of observations from the high spatial resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the high temporal resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate the magnitude location start time and duration of the eruption and measure the evolving charactenstics of the new Hunga Ha apai Island The eruption start time was estimated to be between 01 50 and 11 10 local time on March 17 2009 (i e between 12 50 and 22 10 UTC March 16) The initial explosive phase lasted 3-5 days and consisted of multiple steam and tephra explosions from two distinct vent sources one on the northwest side and another about 100 m off the south shore of the pre-existing island The eruption plume reached 4 0 to 7 6 km altitude above sea level and tephra added new land around each of the vents initially tripling the area of the pre existing Island The next phase of steaming from newly formed crater lakes around the vents lasted a few days Three warm crater lakes formed initially but disappeared with time as the shoreline eroded After similar to 2 months vegetation that was initially buried by tephra was recovering after similar to 10 months the size of the island had eroded down to twice that of the pre-existing island and the one remaining crater lake had a temperature of similar to 68 +/- 17 degrees C The volume of erupted material was estimated to be similar to 0 0176 km(3) and the volcanic explosivity index (VEI) was estimated to be VEI=2 Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Vaughan, R. Greg] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Vaughan, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.017 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699QP UT WOS:000285678200012 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Farrar, CD Williams, CF AF Hurwitz, Shaul Farrar, Christopher D. Williams, Colin F. TI The thermal regime in the resurgent dome of Long Valley Caldera, California Inferences from precision temperature logs in deep wells SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Long Valley; resurgent dome; Caldera heat flow; geothermal; hydrothermal; temperature log ID EASTERN CALIFORNIA; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; MAGMA INTRUSION; MONO CRATERS; FLUID-FLOW; DEFORMATION; UNREST; VOLCANISM; GRAVITY AB Long Valley Caldera in eastern California formed 076 Ma ago in a cataclysmic eruption that resulted in the deposition of 600 km(3) of Bishop Tuff The total current heat flow from the caldera floor is estimated to be similar to 290 MW and a geothermal power plant in Casa Diablo on the flanks of the resurgent dome (RD) generates similar to 40 MWe The RD in the center of the caldera was uplifted by similar to 80 cm between 1980 and 1999 and was explained by most models as a response to magma intrusion into the shallow crust This unrest has led to extensive research on geothermal resources and volcanic hazards in the caldera Here we present results from precise high-resolution temperature-depth profiles in five deep boreholes (327-1 158 m) on the RD to assess its thermal state and more specifically 1) to provide bounds on the advective heat transport as a guide for future geothermal exploration 2) to provide constraints on the occurrence of magma at shallow crustal depths and 3) to provide a baseline for future transient thermal phenomena in response to large earthquakes volcanic activity or geothermal production The temperature profiles display substantial non linearity within each profile and vanability between the different profiles All profiles display significant temperature reversals with depth and temperature gradients <50 C/km at their bottom The maximum temperature in the individual boreholes ranges between 124 7 C and 129 5 C and bottom hole temperatures range between 994 C and 129 5 C The high-temperature units in the three Fumarole Valley boreholes are at the approximate same elevation as the high temperature unit in borehole M-1 in Casa Diablo indicating lateral or sub-lateral hydrothermal flow through the resurgent dome Small differences in temperature between measurements in consecutive years in three of the wells suggest slow cooling of the shallow hydrothermal flow system By matching theoretical curves to segments of the measured temperature profiles we calculate horizontal groundwater velocities in the hydrothermal flow unit under the RD that range from 1 9 to 2 8 m/yr which corresponds to a maximum power flowing through the RD of 3-4 MW The relatively low temperatures and large isothermal segments at the bottom of the temperature profiles are inconsistent with the presence of magma at shallow crustal levels Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Hurwitz, Shaul; Williams, Colin F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Farrar, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, Carnelian Bay, CA USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U S Geological Survey FX Fred Grubb conducted most of the temperature measurements with the heat flow truck and Fred Murphy Martin Saar and Jimmy Randolph helped with manual temperature measurements Gene Suemnicht and Mike Sorey are thanked for providing industrial temperature logs from the 1980s and Marshall Reiter is thanked for valuable insights with the calculations Dave Hill Bob Manner and two journal reviewers provided constructive and insightful reviews This study was funded by the U S Geological Survey Geothermal and Volcano Hazards programs NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.08.023 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699QP UT WOS:000285678200016 ER PT J AU Carson, EW Hanna, AH Garrett, GP Gibson, JR Gold, JR AF Carson, Evan W. Hanna, Ashley H. Garrett, Gary P. Gibson, James R. Gold, John R. TI CONSERVATION GENETICS OF CYPRINID FISHES (GENUS DIONDA) IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA II EXPANSION OF THE KNOWN RANGE OF THE MANANTIAL ROUNDNOSE MINNOW DIONDA ARGENTOSA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ACTINOPTERYGII; ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; TEXAS AB Cyprimids belonging to the genus Dionda have a relatively broad distribution in southwestern North America However validity of populations in several of the nominal species has not been examined rigorously During the course of a conservation-genetics study of Dionda in western Texas we determined that one population presumed to represent Dionda episcopa Instead belongs to Dionda argentose This extends the native range of D argentose to Include the lower Pecos River basin in addition to its currently recognized distribution in three tributaries of the Rio Grande Conservation implications for both species are discussed C1 [Carson, Evan W.; Hanna, Ashley H.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Garrett, Gary P.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Inland Fisheries Div, Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ingram, TX 78205 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Carson, EW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [199634]; Texas AgriLife Research [H 6703] FX We thank R J Edwards P Fleming D McConville C Phillips and K. Reeves for assistance with collections M R Renshaw for technical assistance in the laboratory T E Dowling and P J Unmack for kindly providing genomic DNA from C anomalum and N micropogon and C Santamaria for assistance with translation of the abstract into Spanish Research was supported by State Wildlife Grant 199634 of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Project H 6703 of Texas AgriLife Research This paper is contribution 171 of the Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity at Texas A&M University Views presented do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service or the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department NR