FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hartzell, S Mendoza, C AF Hartzell, Stephen Mendoza, Carlos TI Source and Site Response Study of the 2008 Mount Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; RUPTURE HISTORY; GROUND-MOTION; FINITE-FAULT; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; WAVE; AFTERSHOCKS; PLANE AB Two separate inversions are performed using the ground-motion data from the 2008 Mount Carmel, Illinois, earthquake. One uses aftershocks as empirical Green's functions to determine a finite-fault slip distribution. The second uses main-shock ground-motion spectra to calculate source, path, and site response parameters. The slip inversion reveals a prominent asperity at the hypocenter with an area of approximately 6 km(2), moment of 7.0 x 10(23) dyn cm (M-w 5.20), and stress drop of about 100 bars. Considering all major and minor slip, the total moment is 1.7 x 10(24) dyn cm (M-w = 5: 45). The rupture velocity is not resolvable due to the small source area. After fixing the geometric spreading, the source, path, and site parameter inversion yields a similar moment of 8.8 x 10(23) dyn cm (M-w 5.26) and a corner frequency of 0.89 Hz, which also give a stress drop of approximately 100 bars. Our combined geometric and anelastic attenuation function, Q(f)r(-b) = 1137f(0.12)r(-0.94), fits the regional spectral amplitudes, where the data is more plentiful, as well as previously derived attenuation relationships. Site response spectra show prominent resonant frequencies that correlate with the thickness of Mississippi River sediments and Mississippi embayment deposits. In addition, higher frequency resonance peaks are observed that most likely represent higher mode resonances and resonances from shallower structure. C1 [Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mendoza, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro, Mexico. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 101 IS 3 BP 951 EP 963 DI 10.1785/0120100222 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 769PL UT WOS:000291029700003 ER PT J AU Thompson, EM Baise, LG Kayen, RE Morgan, EC Kaklamanos, J AF Thompson, Eric M. Baise, Laurie G. Kayen, Robert E. Morgan, Eugene C. Kaklamanos, James TI Multiscale Site-Response Mapping: A Case Study of Parkfield, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION; SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; AMPLIFICATION; ACCELERATION; PROXY; ATTENUATION; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS; DATABASE AB The scale of previously proposed methods for mapping site-response ranges from global coverage down to individual urban regions. Typically, spatial coverage and accuracy are inversely related. We use the densely spaced strong-motion stations in Parkfield, California, to estimate the accuracy of different site-response mapping methods and demonstrate a method for integrating multiple site-response estimates from the site to the global scale. This method is simply a weighted mean of a suite of different estimates, where the weights are the inverse of the variance of the individual estimates. Thus, the dominant site-response model varies in space as a function of the accuracy of the different models. For mapping applications, site-response models should be judged in terms of both spatial coverage and the degree of correlation with observed amplifications. Performance varies with period, but in general the Parkfield data show that: (1) where a velocity profile is available, the square-root-of-impedance (SRI) method outperforms the measured V(S30) (30 m divided by the S-wave travel time to 30 m depth) and (2) where velocity profiles are unavailable, the topographic slope method outperforms surficial geology for short periods, but geology outperforms slope at longer periods. We develop new equations to estimate site response from topographic slope, derived from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database. C1 [Thompson, Eric M.; Baise, Laurie G.; Morgan, Eugene C.; Kaklamanos, James] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Kayen, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thompson, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM eric.thompson@tufts.edu RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; Baise, Laurie/D-1648-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) [G09AP00062] FX This research is funded by National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) Award #G09AP00062. We thank Rich Vogel and David Garman for valuable discussions and support on statistical modeling. Discussions with David Wald and Trevor Allen improved our implementation of their method for predicting VS30 from topographic slope. Reviews by Jon Stewart, Dave Boore, and an anonymous reviewer have substantially improved this article. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 101 IS 3 BP 1081 EP 1100 DI 10.1785/0120100211 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 769PL UT WOS:000291029700011 ER PT J AU Atkinson, GM Boore, DM AF Atkinson, Gail M. Boore, David M. TI Modifications to Existing Ground-Motion Prediction Equations in Light of New Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; STOCHASTIC POINT-SOURCE; RESPONSE SPECTRA; NGA PROJECT; EARTHQUAKES; ATTENUATION; SIMULATIONS; CANADA; AMPLITUDES AB We compare our recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for western North America (WNA; Boore and Atkinson, 2008 [BA08]) and eastern North America (ENA; Atkinson and Boore, 2006 [AB06]; Atkinson, 2008 [A08]) to newly available ground-motion data. Based on these comparisons, we suggest revisions to our GMPEs for both WNA and ENA. The revisions for WNA affect only those events with M <= 5.75, while those for ENA affect all magnitudes. These are simple modifications to the existing GMPEs that bring them into significantly better agreement with data. The wealth of new data clearly demonstrates that these modifications are warranted; we therefore recommend the use of the updated equations for seismic hazard analyses and other applications. More detailed studies are under way by many investigators (including ourselves) to develop a new generation of ground-motion models in both WNA and ENA from scratch, through a comprehensive reevaluation of source, path, site, and modeling issues. In time, those more complete models will replace those proposed in this study. However, as the new models will be several years in development, we recommend using the modified models proposed herein, labeled BA08' (for WNA), AB06' (for ENA), and A08' (for ENA, to replace A08), as interim updates to our existing models. The proposed models are in demonstrable agreement with a rich database of ground motions for moderate-magnitude earthquakes in both WNA and ENA and are constrained at larger magnitudes by the BA08 magnitude and distance scaling. C1 [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Atkinson, GM (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation FX We thank Brian Chiou and B. C. Hydro for providing the ShakeMap database for California. Constructive reviews that improved the manuscript were provided by Ken Campbell, John Douglas, Nikos Theodulidis, and Kent Fogleman. The financial support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada Foundation for Innovation is gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 101 IS 3 BP 1121 EP 1135 DI 10.1785/0120100270 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 769PL UT WOS:000291029700014 ER PT J AU Hunter, LE Howle, JF Rose, RS Bawden, GW AF Hunter, L. E. Howle, J. F. Rose, R. S. Bawden, G. W. TI LiDAR-Assisted Identification of an Active Fault near Truckee, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; RANGE PROVINCE; LAKE TAHOE; GREAT-BASIN; PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN BASIN; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE AB We use high-resolution (1.5-2.4 points/m(2)) bare-earth airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) imagery to identify, map, constrain, and visualize fault-related geomorphology in densely vegetated terrain surrounding Martis Creek Dam near Truckee, California. Bare-earth LiDAR imagery reveals a previously unrecognized and apparently youthful right-lateral strike-slip fault that exhibits laterally continuous tectonic geomorphic features over a 35-km-long zone. If these interpretations are correct, the fault, herein named the Polaris fault, may represent a significant seismic hazard to the greater Truckee-Lake Tahoe and Reno-Carson City regions. Three-dimensional modeling of an offset late Quaternary terrace riser indicates a minimum tectonic slip rate of 0.4 +/- 0.1 mm/yr. Mapped fault patterns are fairly typical of regional patterns elsewhere in the northern Walker Lane and are in strong coherence with moderate magnitude historical seismicity of the immediate area, as well as the current regional stress regime. Based on a range of surface-rupture lengths and depths to the base of the seismogenic zone, we estimate a maximum earthquake magnitude (M) for the Polaris fault to be between 6.4 and 6.9. C1 [Hunter, L. E.; Rose, R. S.] USA, Corps Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Howle, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Carnelian Bay, CA 96140 USA. [Bawden, G. W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hunter, LE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 101 IS 3 BP 1162 EP 1181 DI 10.1785/0120090261 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 769PL UT WOS:000291029700017 ER PT J AU Holland, MD Gray, BR AF Holland, Mark D. Gray, Brian R. TI Multinomial mixture model with heterogeneous classification probabilities SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Abundance index; Classification probability; Detection probability; Latent class model; Population index; Site occupancy; Submersed aquatic vegetation AB Royle and Link (Ecology 86(9):2505-2512, 2005) proposed an analytical method that allowed estimation of multinomial distribution parameters and classification probabilities from categorical data measured with error. While useful, we demonstrate algebraically and by simulations that this method yields biased multinomial parameter estimates when the probabilities of correct category classifications vary among sampling units. We address this shortcoming by treating these probabilities as logit-normal random variables within a Bayesian framework. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo to compute Bayes estimates from a simulated sample from the posterior distribution. Based on simulations, this elaborated Royle-Link model yields nearly unbiased estimates of multinomial and correct classification probability estimates when classification probabilities are allowed to vary according to the normal distribution on the logit scale or according to the Beta distribution. The method is illustrated using categorical submersed aquatic vegetation data. C1 [Holland, Mark D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Holland, MD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, 313 Ford Hall,224 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM holland@stat.umn.edu OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Great River Ecosystems (EMAP-GRE); Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) FX We thank Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Great River Ecosystems (EMAP-GRE) and Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) for funding MDH and BRG, respectively. We also thank Steve Gutreuter (Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center), Leif Johnson (School of Statistics, University of Minnesota), and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful suggestions and revisions. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 2 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s10651-009-0131-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 769TG UT WOS:000291040600004 ER PT J AU Vogelmann, JE Kost, JR Tolk, B Howard, S Short, K Chen, XX Huang, CQ Pabst, K Rollins, MG AF Vogelmann, James E. Kost, Jay R. Tolk, Brian Howard, Stephen Short, Karen Chen, Xuexia Huang, Chengquan Pabst, Kari Rollins, Matthew G. TI Monitoring Landscape Change for LANDFIRE Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery and Ancillary Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagerhy Analysis CY JUL 28-30, 2009 CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT HO Univ Connecticut DE Landscape monitoring; LANDFIRE; Landsat; MODIS; time series analyses ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; ETM PLUS DATA; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; COVER DATABASE; CANOPY HEIGHT; LANDSAT DATA; VEGETATION; DAMAGE; FIRE AB LANDFIRE is a large interagency project designed to provide nationwide spatial data for fire management applications. As part of the effort, many 2000 vintage Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus data sets were used in conjunction with a large volume of field information to generate detailed vegetation type and structure data sets for the entire United States. In order to keep these data sets current and relevant to resource managers, there was strong need to develop an approach for updating these products. We are using three different approaches for these purposes. These include: 1) updating using Landsat-derived historic and current fire burn information derived from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity project; 2) incorporating vegetation disturbance information derived from time series Landsat data analysis using the Vegetation Change Tracker; and 3) developing data products that capture subtle intra-state disturbance such as those related to insects and disease using either Landsat or the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS). While no one single approach provides all of the land cover change and update information required, we believe that a combination of all three captures most of the disturbance conditions taking place that have relevance to the fire community. C1 [Vogelmann, James E.; Chen, Xuexia; Pabst, Kari] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Short, Karen] Syst Environm Management, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vogelmann, JE (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012; OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 NR 52 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2044478 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 769EO UT WOS:000290992900002 ER PT J AU Slonecker, ET AF Slonecker, E. Terrence TI The Use of Historical Imagery in the Remediation of an Urban Hazardous Waste Site SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagerhy Analysis CY JUL 28-30, 2009 CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT HO Univ Connecticut DE Chemical weapons; historical imagery; photo interpretation; World War I ID AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; LANDFILL; RESIDENCE AB The information derived from the interpretation of historical aerial photographs is perhaps the most basic multi-temporal application of remote-sensing data. Aerial photographs dating back to the early 20th century can be extremely valuable sources of historical landscape activity. In this application, imagery from 1918 to 1927 provided a wealth of information about chemical weapons testing, storage, handling, and disposal of these hazardous materials. When analyzed by a trained photo-analyst, the 1918 aerial photographs resulted in 42 features of potential interest. When compared with current remedial activities and known areas of contamination, 33 of 42 or 78.5% of the features were spatially correlated with areas of known contamination or other remedial hazardous waste cleanup activity. C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slonecker, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tslonecker@usgs.gov OI slonecker, Terry/0000-0002-5793-0503 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2049254 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 769EO UT WOS:000290992900005 ER PT J AU Tan, B Morisette, JT Wolfe, RE Gao, F Ederer, GA Nightingale, J Pedelty, JA AF Tan, Bin Morisette, Jeffrey T. Wolfe, Robert E. Gao, Feng Ederer, Gregory A. Nightingale, Joanne Pedelty, Jeffrey A. TI An Enhanced TIMESAT Algorithm for Estimating Vegetation Phenology Metrics From MODIS Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagerhy Analysis CY JUL 28-30, 2009 CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT HO Univ Connecticut DE MODIS; NACP; phenology; TIMESAT ID VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; SERIES; INDEX AB An enhanced TIMESAT algorithm was developed for retrieving vegetation phenology metrics from 250 m and 500 m spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indexes (VI) over North America. MODIS VI data were pre-processed using snow-cover and land surface temperature data, and temporally smoothed with the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm. An objective third derivative test was applied to define key phenology dates and retrieve a set of phenology metrics. This algorithm has been applied to two MODIS VIs: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). In this paper, we describe the algorithm and use EVI as an example to compare three sets of TIMESAT algorithm/MODIS VI combinations: a) original TIMESAT algorithm with original MODIS VI, b) original TIMESAT algorithm with pre-processed MODIS VI, and c) enhanced TIMESAT and pre-processed MODIS VI. All retrievals were compared with ground phenology observations, some made available through the National Phenology Network. Our results show that for MODIS data in middle to high latitude regions, snow and land surface temperature information is critical in retrieving phenology metrics from satellite observations. The results also show that the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm can better accommodate growing season start and end dates that vary significantly from year to year. The TIMESAT algorithm improvements contribute to more spatial coverage and more accurate retrievals of the phenology metrics. Among three sets of TIMESAT/MODIS VI combinations, the start of the growing season metric predicted by the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm using pre-processed MODIS VIs has the best associations with ground observed vegetation greenup dates. C1 [Tan, Bin; Gao, Feng] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Tan, Bin; Wolfe, Robert E.; Gao, Feng; Nightingale, Joanne; Pedelty, Jeffrey A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ederer, Gregory A.; Nightingale, Joanne] Sigma Space, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Tan, B (reprint author), ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; NR 22 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 43 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2075916 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 769EO UT WOS:000290992900013 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Lu, Z Suzuoki, Y Rangoonwala, A Werle, D AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Lu, Zhong Suzuoki, Yukihiro Rangoonwala, Amina Werle, Dirk TI Monitoring Duration and Extent of Storm-Surge and Flooding in Western Coastal Louisiana Marshes With Envisat ASAR Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagery Analysis CY JUL 28-30, 2009 CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT HO Univ Connecticut DE Coastal marshes; flooding; hurricanes; radar; storm surge; topography ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY; INUNDATION; MANAGEMENT; WETLANDS; FORESTS; AREA AB Inundation maps of coastal marshes in western Louisiana were created with multitemporal Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture (ASAR) scenes collected before and during the three months after Hurricane Rita landfall in September 2005. Corroborated by inland water-levels, 7 days after landfall, 48% of coastal estuarine and palustrine marshes remained inundated by storm-surge waters. Forty-five days after landfall, storm-surge inundated 20% of those marshes. The end of the storm-surge flooding was marked by an abrupt decrease in water levels following the passage of a storm front and persistent offshore winds. A complementary dramatic decrease in flood extent was confirmed by an ASAR-derived inundation map. In nonimpounded marshes at elevations < 80 cm, storm-surge waters rapidly receded while slower recession was dominantly associated with impounded marshes at elevations > 80 cm during the first month after Rita landfall. After this initial period, drainage from marshes-especially impounded marshes-was hastened by the onset of offshore winds. Following the abrupt drops in inland water levels and flood extent, rainfall events coinciding with increased water levels were recorded as inundation re-expansion. This postsurge flooding decreased until only isolated impounded and palustrine marshes remained inundated. Changing flood extents were correlated to inland water levels and largely occurred within the same marsh regions. Trends related to incremental threshold increases used in the ASAR change-detection analyses seemed related to the preceding hydraulic and hydrologic events, and VV and HH threshold differences supported their relationship to the overall wetland hydraulic condition. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 70506 USA. [Lu, Zhong] Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Suzuoki, Yukihiro] ASci Corp Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP Worldwide Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Werle, Dirk] AERDE Environm Res, Halifax, NS B3J 2X1, Canada. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 387 EP 399 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2096201 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 769EO UT WOS:000290992900015 ER PT J AU Mattson, DJ Clark, SG Byrd, KL Brown, SR Robinson, B AF Mattson, D. J. Clark, S. G. Byrd, K. L. Brown, S. R. Robinson, B. TI Leaders' perspectives in the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative SO POLICY SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Leadership; Perspectives; Large-scale conservation; Yellowstone to Yukon; Q method; Policy sciences; Learning ID SOCIAL-MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS AB The Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative (Y2Y) was created in 1993 to advance conservation in a 1.2 million km(2) portion of the North American Rocky Mountains. We assembled 21 people with influence over Y2Y in a workshop to elucidate perspectives on challenges and solutions for this organization at a key point in its evolution, and used Q method to define four perspectives on challenges and three on solutions. Participants were differentiated by four models for effecting change-vision-based advocacy, practice-based learning, political engagement, and scientific management-with emphasis on the first three. Those with authority in Y2Y aligned with vision-based advocacy and expressed ambivalence about practice-based adaptive learning and rigorous appraisals of existing strategies. Workshop results were consistent with an apparent trend toward organizational maturation focused on stabilizing revenues, developing formal organizational arrangements, and focusing strategies. Consolidation of power in Y2Y around a long-standing formula does not bode well for the effectiveness of Y2Y. We recommend that leaders in Y2Y and similar organizations focused on large-scale conservation to create and maintain an open system-philosophically and operationally-that capitalizes on the diverse perspectives and skills of individuals who are attracted to such efforts. We also recommend that the Y2Y initiative be followed closely to harvest additional lessons for potential application to large-scale conservation efforts elsewhere. C1 [Mattson, D. J.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Clark, S. G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Yale Inst Social & Policy Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Clark, S. G.; Byrd, K. L.] No Rockies Conservat Cooperat, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Brown, S. R.] Kent State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Robinson, B.] Biosphere Inst Bow Valley, Canmore, AB T1W 2T2, Canada. RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM David_Mattson@usgs.gov; susan.g.clark@yale.edu; byrd0023@umn.edu; sbrown@kent.edu; bart@biosphereinstitute.org NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-2687 J9 POLICY SCI JI Policy Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 44 IS 2 BP 103 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11077-011-9127-5 PG 31 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public Administration; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 763RQ UT WOS:000290577800001 ER PT J AU Ransom, JI AF Ransom, Jason I. TI Customizing a rangefinder for community-based wildlife conservation initiatives SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Asiatic wild ass; Equus hemionus; Khulan; Density; Distance sampling; Line transect; Mongolia; Point count ID DISTANCE AB Population size of many threatened and endangered species is relatively unknown because estimating animal abundance in remote parts of the world, without access to aircraft for surveying vast areas, is a scientific challenge with few proposed solutions. One option is to enlist local community members and train them in data collection for large line transect or point count surveys, but financial and sometimes technological constraints prevent access to the necessary equipment and training for accurately quantifying distance measurements. Such measurements are paramount for generating reliable estimates of animal density. This problem was overcome in a survey of Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus) in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area, Mongolia, by converting an inexpensive optical sporting rangefinder into a species-specific rangefinder with visual-based categorical labels. Accuracy trials concluded 96.86% of 350 distance measures matched those from a laser rangefinder. This simple customized optic subsequently allowed for a large group of minimally-trained observers to simultaneously record quantitative measures of distance, despite language, education, and skill differences among the diverse group. The large community-based effort actively engaged local residents in species conservation by including them as the foundation for collecting scientific data. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ransom, JI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ransomj@usgs.gov FU Colorado State University's Center for Collaborative Conservation FX Thanks to P. Kaczensky for input on the application of this tool for use in the Gobi, and to L. Ellison, R. Waltermire, and two anonymous reviewers for critical reviews of this research note. Development of this tool and its application for equid conservation was funded by a fellowship through Colorado State University's Center for Collaborative Conservation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Colorado State University or the US Government. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1603 EP 1609 DI 10.1007/s10531-011-0040-1 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 765RL UT WOS:000290726200016 ER PT J AU Brumbaugh, WG Hammerschmidt, CR Zanella, L Rogevich, E Salata, G Bolek, R AF Brumbaugh, William G. Hammerschmidt, Chad R. Zanella, Luciana Rogevich, Emily Salata, Gregory Bolek, Radoslaw TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS OF ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE AND SIMULTANEOUSLY EXTRACTED NICKEL IN SPIKED SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sediment chemistry; Acid-volatile sulfide; Nickel; Variability ID METALS AB An interlaboratory comparison of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted nickel (SEM_Ni) measurements of sediments was conducted among five independent laboratories. Relative standard deviations for the seven test samples ranged from 5.6 to 71% (mean = 25%) for AVS and from 5.5 to 15% (mean = 10%) for SEM_Ni. These results are in stark contrast to a recently published study that indicated AVS and SEM analyses were highly variable among laboratories. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1306-1309. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Hammerschmidt, Chad R.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Zanella, Luciana] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Rogevich, Emily] Nickel Producers Environm Res Assoc, Durham, NC USA. [Salata, Gregory] Columbia Analyt Serv, Kelso, WA USA. [Bolek, Radoslaw] Alloway Labs, Lima, OH USA. RP Brumbaugh, WG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov RI Hammerschmidt, Chad/M-3139-2014 FU NiPERA FX We thank John Besser, Chris Ivey, Chris Ingersoll, Jesse Arms, Jim Fairchild, and Carl Orazio (USGS); G. Allen Burton Jr. and students (University of Michigan); Robbie Weller and Kat lin Bowman (Wright State University); Jean-Francois Gaillard (Northwestern University); Chris Schlekat (Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association; NiPERA); and Dave Mount (U.S. EPA). Financial support for this study was provided in part by NiPERA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1306 EP 1309 DI 10.1002/etc.506 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 766ZN UT WOS:000290825200010 PM 21452392 ER PT J AU Bartelt-Hunt, SL Snow, DD Damon-Powell, T Brown, DL Prasai, G Schwarz, M Kolok, AS AF Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L. Snow, Daniel D. Damon-Powell, Teyona Brown, DelShawn L. Prasai, Gyanendra Schwarz, Matthew Kolok, Alan S. TI QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF LABORATORY UPTAKE RATES FOR PESTICIDES, PHARMACEUTICALS, AND STEROID HORMONES USING POCIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POCIS; Passive samplers; Pesticides; Pharmaceuticals; Steroid hormones ID CHEMICAL INTEGRATIVE SAMPLERS; WASTE-WATER; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; POLAR HERBICIDES; SURFACE-WATER; USA AB Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) are useful in monitoring for a wide range of chemicals in aquatic systems; however, a lack of available uptake rate data for compounds of environmental interest is one limitation in the application of these samplers to environmental studies. In this study, laboratory calibration experiments were conducted with POCIS for 65 compounds at 25 degrees C under flowing conditions to determine chemical-specific uptake rates (R(s)). Experimental uptake rates measured in this study ranged from 0.034 to 1.33 L/d, and uptake rates were determined for 36 compounds with no previously reported values. Experimentally determined uptake rates were applied to data obtained from POCIS samplers deployed downstream of three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharges and in four surface waters influenced by agricultural runoff. Time-weighted average concentrations for atrazine and metolachlor determined using uptake rates generated in this study compare well with results from composited grab sampling previously conducted in agricultural watersheds in Nebraska, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1412-1420. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L.; Snow, Daniel D.; Damon-Powell, Teyona; Brown, DelShawn L.; Prasai, Gyanendra] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Schwarz, Matthew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Grand Isl, NE USA. [Kolok, Alan S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Bartelt-Hunt, SL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sbartelt2@unl.edu NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1412 EP 1420 DI 10.1002/etc.514 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 766ZN UT WOS:000290825200022 PM 21381085 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Hoffman, DJ Flint, PL AF Franson, J. Christian Hoffman, David J. Flint, Paul L. TI SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM IN WILD LONG-TAILED DUCKS AND COMMON EIDERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Common eider; Long-tailed duck; Selenium; Glutathione metabolism; Alaska ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; DIETARY SELENIUM; TISSUE; CONTAMINANTS; PEROXIDASE; BLOOD; USA AB The relationships of selenium (Se) concentrations in whole blood with plasma activities of total glutathione peroxidase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were studied in long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and common eiders (Somateria mollissima) sampled along the Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska, USA. Blood Se concentrations were >8 mu g/g wet weight in both species. Linear regression revealed that the activities of total and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase were significantly related to Se concentrations only in long-tailed ducks, raising the possibility that these birds were experiencing early oxidative stress. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1479-1481. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Hoffman, David J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Flint, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM jfranson@usgs.gov RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank L. Thorsteinson and D. Derksen for support of this project. Personnel of BP Exploration Alaska, Oasis Environmental, ExxonMobil Production, ERA Helicopters, Cape Smythe Air, Alaska Clean Seas, Nana Oilfield Services, and Lynden Transport provided logistical support. We thank the many individuals who participated in the capture of ducks and collection of samples. T. Custer and G. Heinz provided comments on earlier drafts of the article. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1479 EP 1481 DI 10.1002/etc.522 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 766ZN UT WOS:000290825200029 PM 21462234 ER PT J AU Jochum, KP Wilson, SA Abouchami, W Amini, M Chmeleff, J Eisenhauer, A Hegner, E Iaccheri, LM Kieffer, B Krause, J McDonough, WF Mertz-Kraus, R Raczek, I Rudnick, RL Scholz, D Steinhoefel, G Stoll, B Stracke, A Tonarini, S Weis, D Weis, U Woodhead, JD AF Jochum, Klaus Peter Wilson, Steven A. Abouchami, Wafa Amini, Marghaleray Chmeleff, Jerome Eisenhauer, Anton Hegner, Ernst Iaccheri, Linda M. Kieffer, Bruno Krause, Joachim McDonough, William F. Mertz-Kraus, Regina Raczek, Ingrid Rudnick, Roberta L. Scholz, Denis Steinhoefel, Grit Stoll, Brigitte Stracke, Andreas Tonarini, Sonia Weis, Dominique Weis, Ulrike Woodhead, Jon D. TI GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic Determination SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microbeam techniques; International Association of Geoanalysts; in situ techniques; thermal ionisation mass spectrometry; ICP-MS; LA-ICP-MS ID MC-ICP-MS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ND-YAG LASER; HIGH-PRECISION; 193 NM; GEOLOGICAL GLASSES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; SILICATE-GLASSES; REFERENCE VALUES; MELT INCLUSIONS AB This paper contains the results of an extensive isotopic study of United States Geological Survey GSD-1G and MPI-DING reference glasses. Thirteen different laboratories were involved using high-precision bulk (TIMS, MC-ICP-MS) and microanalytical (LA-MC-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS) techniques. Detailed studies were performed to demonstrate the large-scale and small-scale homogeneity of the reference glasses. Together with previously published isotopic data from ten other laboratories, preliminary reference and information values as well as their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level were determined for H, O, Li, B, Si, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb, Th and U isotopes using the recommendations of the International Association of Geoanalysts for certification of reference materials. Our results indicate that GSD-1G and the MPI-DING glasses are suitable reference materials for microanalytical and bulk analytical purposes. C1 [Jochum, Klaus Peter; Abouchami, Wafa; Krause, Joachim; Mertz-Kraus, Regina; Raczek, Ingrid; Scholz, Denis; Stoll, Brigitte; Weis, Ulrike] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Wilson, Steven A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Amini, Marghaleray; Eisenhauer, Anton] IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Amini, Marghaleray] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatchewan Isotope Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Chmeleff, Jerome; Steinhoefel, Grit] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Chmeleff, Jerome] Univ Toulouse III, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Hegner, Ernst; Iaccheri, Linda M.] Univ Munich, Dept Geo & Umweltwissensch, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [McDonough, William F.; Rudnick, Roberta L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Scholz, Denis] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geowissensch, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Stracke, Andreas] ETH, Inst Isotopengeol & Mineral Rohstoffe, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Tonarini, Sonia] CNR, Ist Geosci & Georisorse, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. [Kieffer, Bruno; Weis, Dominique] Univ British Columbia, Pacific Ctr Isotop & Geochem Res, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Woodhead, Jon D.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Stracke, Andreas] Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Jochum, KP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM k.jochum@mpic.de RI Woodhead, Jon/C-2227-2012; McDonough, William/C-4791-2009; Mertz-Kraus, Regina/K-3558-2014; McDonough, William/I-7720-2012; Weis, Dominique/Q-7658-2016; Eisenhauer, Anton/K-6454-2012; Scholz, Denis/G-1861-2016 OI Woodhead, Jon/0000-0002-7614-0136; Rudnick, Roberta/0000-0003-1559-7463; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Mertz-Kraus, Regina/0000-0002-5122-4480; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Weis, Dominique/0000-0002-6638-5543; NR 70 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1639-4488 J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 35 IS 2 BP 193 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 765UL UT WOS:000290734000004 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JD Doyle, T AF Lloyd, John D. Doyle, Terry TI Abundance and population trends of mangrove landbirds in southwest Florida SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black-whiskered Vireo; Coccyzus minor; Mangrove Cuckoo; mangroves; population decline; Vireo altiloquus; West Nile virus ID COUNT DATA AB The avifauna of south Florida's mangrove forests is unique and relatively unstudied. The population status of landbirds that breed in these forests is currently unknown, and this lack of information is especially problematic for species that have North American ranges limited almost exclusively to Florida's mangroves. To address this information gap, we estimated trends in abundance using data generated during bird surveys conducted from 2000 to 2008 at 101 points in mangrove forests in southwestern Florida. We found that populations of two of three mangrove-dependent species that breed in these forests, Black-whiskered Vireos (Vireo altiloquus) and Mangrove Cuckoos (Coccyzus minor), declined significantly during our study. In contrast, only one of seven species with a broader North American range (Red-bellied Woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinensis) declined in abundance. No species increased in abundance. The Mangrove Cuckoo population exhibited the greatest decline, with numbers declining 87.1% from 2000 to 2008. Numbers of Black-whiskered Vireos declined 63.9%. These declines coincided with the outbreak of West Nile virus that has been linked to population declines of other North American birds, but we could not rule out other potential causes, including changes in the quality or extent of breeding or wintering habitat. C1 [Lloyd, John D.] Ecostudies Inst, S Strafford, VT 05070 USA. [Doyle, Terry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lloyd, JD (reprint author), Ecostudies Inst, POB 106, S Strafford, VT 05070 USA. EM jlloyd@ecoinst.org OI Lloyd, John/0000-0002-9143-3789 FU USFWS [401818J604]; Ecostudies Institute [401818J604] FX This project was funded in part through a cooperative agreement (CA no. 401818J604) between USFWS and Ecostudies Institute. We thank J. Palmer for continued support of our research and monitoring efforts. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00315.x PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 768DR UT WOS:000290912200002 ER PT J AU Work, TM Aeby, GS AF Work, Thierry M. Aeby, Greta S. TI Pathology of tissue loss (white syndrome) in Acropora sp corals from the Central Pacific SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acropora; White syndrome; Tissue loss; Histopathology; Lesion; Coral disease ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BAND DISEASE; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; ELKHORN CORAL; PALMATA; IDENTIFICATION; LESIONS; PLANTS; AGENT AB We performed histological examination of 69 samples of Acropora sp. manifesting different types of tissue loss (Acropora White Syndrome-AWS) from Hawaii, Johnston Atoll and American Samoa between 2002 and 2006. Gross lesions of tissue loss were observed and classified as diffuse acute, diffuse subacute, and focal to multifocal acute to subacute. Corals with acute tissue loss manifested microscopic evidence of necrosis sometimes associated with ciliates, helminths, fungi, algae, sponges, or cyanobacteria whereas those with subacute tissue loss manifested mainly wound repair. Gross lesions of AWS have multiple different changes at the microscopic level some of which involve various microorganisms and metazoa. Elucidating this disease will require, among other things, monitoring lesions over time to determine the pathogenesis of AWS and the potential role of tissue-associated microorganisms in the genesis of tissue loss. Attempts to experimentally induce AWS should include microscopic examination of tissues to ensure that potentially causative microorganisms associated with gross lesion are not overlooked. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Work, Thierry M.; Aeby, Greta S.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231,POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM Thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 107 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.03.009 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 768GO UT WOS:000290922100005 PM 21457717 ER PT J AU Battaglin, WA Sandstrom, MW Kuivila, KM Kolpin, DW Meyer, MT AF Battaglin, William A. Sandstrom, Mark W. Kuivila, Kathryn M. Kolpin, Dana W. Meyer, Michael T. TI Occurrence of Azoxystrobin, Propiconazole, and Selected Other Fungicides in US Streams, 2005-2006 SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Fungicide; Soybean rust; Toxicity; Water quality ID MIDWESTERN STREAMS; AZOLE FUNGICIDES; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; WASTE-WATER; PESTICIDES; CONTAMINANTS; COMMUNITIES; GLYPHOSATE; DEPOSITION AB Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 mu g/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations. C1 [Battaglin, William A.; Sandstrom, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wbattagl@usgs.gov RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 FU USGS FX This study was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and conducted with the logistical support of USGS Water Science Centers in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, and South Carolina. The authors would especially like to acknowledge USGS personnel who collected samples: Richard Coupe, Angela Crain, David Dupre, James Fallon, Jeffery Frey, Thomas Harris, Brian Hughes, Steve Kalkhoff, Michael Wood-side, and Ron Zelt. The use of trade names or product names in this report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the USGS. NR 65 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 218 IS 1-4 BP 307 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 765QT UT WOS:000290724400027 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA Haukos, DA Smith, LM McMurry, ST AF Johnson, Lacrecia A. Haukos, David A. Smith, Loren M. McMurry, Scott T. TI Loss of Playa Wetlands Caused by Reclassification and Remapping of Hydric Soils on the Southern High Plains SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Depressional soils; Playa conservation; Playa management; Revised soil survey; Texas; USDA ID AREA; USA AB Historically, playas in the Southern High Plains (SHP) were identified by the presence of hydric soils. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has begun a reclassification and remapping of upland and depressional soils for the playa region of Texas. For eight counties in Texas, we compared the occurrence of playas, as indicated by soils designated as hydric in original soil surveys, to designations in remapped soil surveys. We estimate a 65% decrease in playa numbers and 50% decrease in area as defined by the presence of hydric soil. Anthropogenic impacts, resulting in an altered hydrology and masking of hydric soil are proposed as primary factors responsible for reduction in playa numbers. Other potential factors include current USDA methodology and correction of historical survey errors. Playas on the SHP being considered for inclusion under USDA conservation programs must be individually and independently assessed on-site for wetland criteria, rather than reliance on revised USDA-NRCS Soil Survey maps. During on-site evaluations, effects of anthropogenic alterations on the playa soil to develop and maintain hydric characteristics must be considered. Until completion of the remapping effort, confusion will ensue with the use of the online USDA-NRCS Soil Survey maps during interpretation by those unfamiliar with the status of soil survey reports for the Texas SHP. C1 [Johnson, Lacrecia A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Smith, Loren M.; McMurry, Scott T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM lacrecia.johnson@ttu.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency; Texas Tech University Department of Natural Resources Management; Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV); United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX Financial support was provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Texas Tech University Department of Natural Resources Management, Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Results and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We greatly appreciate the GIS data contributions of PLJV and USFWS. Lastly, we especially thank T. LaGrange, W. P. Johnson, and anonymous referees for providing comments on drafts of this manuscript. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0177-4 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 765CO UT WOS:000290681200004 ER PT J AU Britton, DK Dingman, S AF Britton, David K. Dingman, Sandra TI Use of quaternary ammonium to control the spread of aquatic invasive species by wildland fire equipment SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Quagga Mussels in the Western United States - Monitoring and Management/World-Aquaculture-Societys-Triennial-Conference CY MAR, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP World Aquaculture Soc Triennial, Natl Shellfisheries Assoc DE quagga mussels; Lower Colorado River; decontamination; wildland fire; quaternary ammonium AB Wildland firefighting equipment moves large volumes of raw water during fire incidents in order to extinguish flames or control fire growth. This water movement may serve as pathways for aquatic invasive organisms to be moved between water bodies and watersheds. The equipment used may become contaminated and serve as vectors for future invasions across large geographic areas. New guidelines used by federal firefighting agencies recommend the application of sanitation solutions using quaternary ammonium compounds for decontaminating wildland fire equipment to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species that may foul the equipment. While quaternary ammonium compounds have been tested on other aquatic organisms, the effectiveness of such compounds has not been systematically tested on mussels. We tested the survival of quagga mussel veligers after exposure to a 3% solution of Sparquat 256 (R) for 5 and 10 minutes. We assessed survival immediately after treatment and then after 60 minutes in fresh water. We found that a 5 minute exposure duration was insufficient to kill 100% of tested veligers. However a 10 minute exposure, as prescribed in the interagency operational guidelines for preventing spread of aquatic invasive species, was effective in killing all tested veligers, but not immediately after treatment. An additional 60 minutes were required after the quaternary ammonium solution was removed before 100% mortality was achieved. This work highlights the need for more rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of various sanitation solutions in killing quagga and zebra mussels under different ambient temperatures in order to validate and refine the sanitation protocol for firefighting equipment and other applications. C1 [Britton, David K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Dingman, Sandra] Natl Pk Serv, Lake Mead Natl Recreat Area, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA. RP Britton, DK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Biol, UTA Box 19498, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM david_britton@fws.gov; sandee_dingman@nps.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JUN PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.3391/ai.2011.6.2.06 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 781SZ UT WOS:000291958100006 ER PT J AU Vajda, AM Barber, LB Gray, JL Lopez, EM Bolden, AM Schoenfuss, HL Norris, DO AF Vajda, Alan M. Barber, Larry B. Gray, James L. Lopez, Elena M. Bolden, Ashley M. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. Norris, David O. TI Demasculinization of male fish by wastewater treatment plant effluent SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruption; Estrogen; Nonylphenol; Wastewater; Fish ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; E-SCREEN ASSAY; FATHEAD MINNOW; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; END-POINTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AB Adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to effluent from the City of Boulder, Colorado wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) under controlled conditions in the field to determine if the effluent induced reproductive disruption in fish. Gonadal intersex and other evidence of reproductive disruption were previously identified in white suckers (Carostomus commersoni) in Boulder Creek downstream from this WWTP effluent outfall. Fish were exposed within a mobile flow-through exposure laboratory in July 2005 and August 2006 to WWTP effluent (EFF), Boulder Creek water (REF), or mixtures of EFF and REF for up to 28 days. Primary (sperm abundance) and secondary (nuptial tubercles and dorsal fat pads) sex characteristics were demasculinized within 14 days of exposure to 50% and 100% EFF. Vitellogenin was maximally elevated in both 50% and 100% EFF treatments within 7 days and significantly elevated by 25% EFF within 14 days. The steroidal estrogens 17 beta-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, as well as estrogenic alkylphenols and bisphenol A were identified within the EFF treatments and not ill the REF treatment. These results support the hypothesis that the reproductive disruption observed in this watershed is clue to endocrine-active chemicals in the WWTP effluent. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vajda, Alan M.; Lopez, Elena M.; Bolden, Ashley M.; Norris, David O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barber, Larry B.; Gray, James L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud St Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Vajda, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, CB171, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM alan.vajda@ucdenver.edu RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research was partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program, and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Steve Brinkman and Nicole Vieira (Colorado Division of Wildlife), Ted Noyes, Greg Brown, and Steffanie Keefe (USGS), Jim Lazorchak (USEPA), and the City of Boulder for their assistance. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 7 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.007 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 781CL UT WOS:000291908100010 PM 21473848 ER PT J AU Weiser, EL Powell, AN AF Weiser, Emily L. Powell, Abby N. TI Reduction of Garbage in the Diet of Nonbreeding Glaucous Gulls Corresponding to a Change in Waste Management SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE development; diet; glaucous gull; human refuse; human-subsidized predators; Larus hyperboreus; management ID ANTHROPOGENIC FOOD; BEAUFORT SEA; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; PREDATORS; SURVIVAL; COLONY AB Glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) are major predators in the Arctic and may benefit from human development. We studied use of garbage by glaucous gulls in Barrow, Alaska, in 2007, when municipal waste was disposed of in a landfill, and in 2008, when it was incinerated. In both years, diet samples from breeding adult gulls contained less garbage than those from loafing nonbreeding gulls (mostly subadults of less than four years), possibly because the breeding colony was more distant than many loafing sites from the landfills. Although breeding gull samples showed no change, garbage in regurgitated pellets and food remains of nonbreeding gulls was significantly less prevalent in 2008 than in 2007 (28% vs. 43% occurrence in diet samples), and this reduction could be explained by the switch from landfill to waste incineration. Yet garbage remained a substantial part of nonbreeding gull diet after the management change. Other aspects of waste management, such as storage prior to disposal, may also be important in limiting scavengers' access to garbage and thus reducing the indirect impact of human development on prey species of conservation concern. C1 [Weiser, Emily L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Weiser, EL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, POB 756100, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM emily.l.weiser@gmail.com OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management; U.S. Bureau of Land Management (Arctic Field Office); University of Alaska Foundation FX This study was funded by the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management (with a grant from NPR-A Impact Mitigation Program, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development), the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (Arctic Field Office), and a University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Grant. We thank Ruby Baxter for assistance with sample collection and analysis and Robert Suydam and Debbie Nigro for logistical support. Debbie Nigro, Declan Troy, Christine Hunter, Alan Springer, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. This study was conducted under approval #07-46 of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 220 EP 226 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 785JU UT WOS:000292226100007 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Hines, JE Nichols, JD Lyons, JE Smith, DR Kalasz, KS Niles, LJ Dey, AD Clark, NA Atkinson, PW Minton, CDT Kendall, W AF McGowan, Conor P. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Lyons, James E. Smith, David R. Kalasz, Kevin S. Niles, Lawrence J. Dey, Amanda D. Clark, Nigel A. Atkinson, Philip W. Minton, Clive D. T. Kendall, William TI Demographic consequences of migratory stopover: linking red knot survival to horseshoe crab spawning abundance SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; Calidris canutus; Limulus polyphemus; match/mismatch; migration carry-over effects; multistate models; robust design AB Understanding how events during one period of the annual cycle carry over to affect survival and other fitness components in other periods is essential to understanding migratory bird demography and conservation needs. Previous research has suggested that western Atlantic red knot (Calidris canutus rufa) populations are greatly affected by horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) egg availability at Delaware Bay stopover sites during their spring northward migration. We present a mass-based multistate, capture-recapture/resighting model linking (1) red knot stopover mass gain to horseshoe crab spawning abundance and (2) subsequent apparent annual survival to mass state at the time of departure from the Delaware Bay stopover area. The model and analysis use capture-recapture/resighting data with over 16,000 individual captures and 13,000 resightings collected in Delaware Bay over a 12 year period from 1997-2008, and the results are used to evaluate the central management hypothesis that red knot populations can be influenced by horseshoe crab harvest regulations as part of a larger adaptive management effort. Model selection statistics showed support for a positive relationship between horseshoe crab spawning abundance during the stopover and the probability of red knots gaining mass (parameter coefficient from the top model (b) over cap = 1.71, (SE) over cap = 0.46). Our analyses also supported the link between red knot mass and apparent annual survival, although average estimates for the two mass classes differed only slightly. The addition of arctic snow depth as a covariate influencing apparent survival improved the fit of the data to the models (parameter coefficient from the top model (b) over cap = 0.50, (SE) over cap = 0.08). Our results indicate that managing horseshoe crab resources in the Delaware Bay has the potential to improve red knot population status. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.; Kendall, William] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Kalasz, Kevin S.] Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. [Niles, Lawrence J.] Conserve Wildlife Fdn New Jersey, Greenwich, NJ 08323 USA. [Dey, Amanda D.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Endangered & Nongame Species Program, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Minton, Clive D. T.] Victoria Wader Study Grp, Melbourne, Vic 3193, Australia. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program FX The authors thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program for funding this work. We thank S. Michels and B. Swan for coordinating the horseshoe crab spawning survey and making those data available. We thank A. J. Baker, J. A. Collazo, S. J. Converse, P. M. Gonzalez, B. Sandercock, H. P. Sitters, J. Yoshizaki and two anonymous referees for reviewing and helping us improve this manuscript. We are grateful for the dedicated and sustained efforts of large numbers of volunteers from all over the world who, over a 12 year period, carried out the red knot capture and resighting activities on which this paper is based. The findings and conclusions in this article do not represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 AR UNSP art69 DI 10.1890/ES11-00106.1 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IW UT WOS:000208810700005 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Belnap, J Schelz, CD Moran, M Carolin, TW AF Munson, Seth M. Belnap, Jayne Schelz, Charles D. Moran, Mary Carolin, Tara W. TI On the brink of change: plant responses to climate on the Colorado Plateau SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE arid; climate change; national parks; plant canopy cover; plant community composition; precipitation; southwestern United States; temperature AB The intensification of aridity due to anthropogenic climate change in the southwestern U. S. is likely to have a large impact on the growth and survival of plant species that may already be vulnerable to water stress. To make accurate predictions of plant responses to climate change, it is essential to determine the long-term dynamics of plant species associated with past climate conditions. Here we show how the plant species and functional types across a wide range of environmental conditions in Colorado Plateau national parks have changed with climate variability over the last twenty years. During this time, regional mean annual temperature increased by 0.18 degrees C per year from 1989-1995, 0.06 degrees C per year from 1995-2003, declined by 0.14 degrees C from 2003-2008, and there was high interannual variability in precipitation. Non-metric multidimensional scaling of plant species at long-term monitoring sites indicated five distinct plant communities. In many of the communities, canopy cover of perennial plants was sensitive to mean annual temperature occurring in the previous year, whereas canopy cover of annual plants responded to cool season precipitation. In the perennial grasslands, there was an overall decline of C-3 perennial grasses, no change of C-4 perennial grasses, and an increase of shrubs with increasing temperature. In the shrublands, shrubs generally showed no change or slightly increased with increasing temperature. However, certain shrub species declined where soil and physical characteristics of a site limited water availability. In the higher elevation woodlands, Juniperus osteosperma and shrub canopy cover increased with increasing temperature, while Pinus edulis at the highest elevation sites was unresponsive to interannual temperature variability. These results from well-protected national parks highlight the importance of temperature to plant responses in a water-limited region and suggest that projected increases in aridity are likely to promote grass loss and shrub expansion on the Colorado Plateau. C1 [Munson, Seth M.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Schelz, Charles D.] Natl Pk Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. [Moran, Mary] Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Utah Grp, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Carolin, Tara W.] Natl Pk Serv, Crown Continent Res Learning Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems and Global Change Research Program FX The National Park Service and grants from the USGS Ecosystems and Global Change Research Program supported this work. We are grateful to past and current NPS field crews for data collection and maintenance. Many thanks to Mark Miller for soil characterization and helpful suggestions, Maegan McKee and Aneth Wight for compiling park datasets, as well as Jana Heisler-White, Christina Vojta, Heath Weaver, and anonymous reviewers of earlier versions of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 AR UNSP art68 DI 10.1890/ES11-00059.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IW UT WOS:000208810700004 ER PT J AU Reeves, MK Perdue, M Blakemore, GD Rinella, DJ Holyoak, M AF Reeves, Mari K. Perdue, Margaret Blakemore, Gareth D. Rinella, Daniel J. Holyoak, Marcel TI Twice as easy to catch? A toxicant and a predator cue cause additive reductions in larval amphibian activity SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; amphibian; copper; frog; Lithobates sylvaticus; multiple stressor; predator; toxicity; trait-mediated interaction; Rana sylvatica AB Toxicants may harm predators or prey differentially, hindering clear determination of multiple stressor effects on predation dynamics in polluted aquatic systems. We built on a prior field study in which we demonstrated that a chemical contaminant, copper (Cu) and odonate predators were correlated with more frequent observations of skeletal abnormalities in Alaskan wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles. Our prior study established a multiple stressor effect linked to an important environmental phenomenon (malformed amphibians) but did not provide clear mechanisms that might guide management. We here investigated behavioral mechanisms because of their potential to produce large changes in predation dynamics, and because in published studies low concentrations of Cu produced behavioral changes in predator-detection in fish. Surprisingly, low but environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu (5 mu g/L) combined with chemical cues from a predator (Aeshna sitchensis) to produce large changes in the behavior of larval amphibians. Experiments demonstrated that a low concentration of Cu did not inhibit the ability of wood frog tadpoles to detect chemical cues of predators by olfactory means, but produced strong behavioral effects, causing tadpoles to reduce activity and alter microhabitat use. These results occurred with Cu at an exposure level lower than any we could find reported as toxic to amphibians in the literature. When Cu and predator cues were administered together, the activity reduction was additive and stronger at earlier life stages. We suggest that Cu intoxication would be disadvantageous to larval amphibian prey with prolonged exposure to predators during development, and we present field data from 2010 that support this assertion. Our study demonstrates the need to use sensitive behavioral assays and to investigate multiple stressor mechanisms to understand how multiple threats combine to affect organisms in nature. C1 [Reeves, Mari K.; Perdue, Margaret; Blakemore, Gareth D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fisheries & Ecol Serv Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Reeves, Mari K.; Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reeves, Mari K.; Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Reeves, MK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fisheries & Ecol Serv Off, 605 West 4th Ave,Room G-61, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM mari_reeves@fws.gov OI Holyoak, Marcel/0000-0001-9727-3627 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Environmental Quality FX M. L. Johnson, P. T. J. Johnson, S. P. Lawler, and A. Sih for help with experimental design, analysis, and writing. D. Bogan for sampling of periphyton and predatory invertebrates in field sites. This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Environmental Quality. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 AR UNSP art72 DI 10.1890/ES11-00046.1 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IW UT WOS:000208810700008 ER PT J AU Graham, J Jarnevich, CS Simpson, A Newman, GJ Stohlgren, TJ AF Graham, Jim Jarnevich, Catherine S. Simpson, Annie Newman, Gregory J. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Federated or cached searches: Providing expected performance from multiple invasive species databases SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE design; performance; invasive species; web services; databases; federated search; search engine ID UNITED-STATES; WEB SERVICES AB Invasive species are a universal global problem, but the information to identify them, manage them, and prevent invasions is stored around the globe in a variety of formats. The Global Invasive Species Information Network is a consortium of organizations working toward providing seamless access to these disparate databases via the Internet. A distributed network of databases can be created using the Internet and a standard web service protocol. There are two options to provide this integration. First, federated searches are being proposed to allow users to search "deep" web documents such as databases for invasive species. A second method is to create a cache of data from the databases for searching. We compare these two methods, and show that federated searches will not provide the performance and flexibility required from users and a central cache of the datum are required to improve performance. C1 [Graham, Jim; Newman, Gregory J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Simpson, Annie] US Geol Survey Headquarters, Reston, VA USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jim@nrel.colostate.edu OI Simpson, Annie/0000-0001-8338-5134 FU US Geological Survey; USDA [CSREES-NRI-2008-35615-04666] FX Funding was partly provided by the US Geological Survey National Biologic Information Infrastructure (NBII) Invasive Species information Node. Logistic support was provided by Colorado State University and the US Geological Survey. Additional support and advice was provided by Dr. Wei GAO and the Integrated Bioclimatic-Dynamic Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural & Invasive Plant Distributions in the United States project funded by USDA CSREES-NRI-2008-35615-04666. Dr. Thomas Stohlgren's contribution supported by U.S. Geologicd Invasive Species Program, USGS Fort Collins Science Program, and USDA CSREES-NRI-2008-35615-04666. We thank Michael Browne and Kyle Braak for comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 EI 2095-0209 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s11707-011-0152-7 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 002SS UT WOS:000308556000001 ER PT J AU York, P Evangelista, P Kumar, S Graham, J Flather, C Stohlgren, T AF York, Patricia Evangelista, Paul Kumar, Sunil Graham, James Flather, Curtis Stohlgren, Thomas TI A habitat overlap analysis derived from Maxent for Tamarisk and the South-western Willow Flycatcher SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Niche modeling; species interactions; Tamarisk; South-western Willow Flycatcher; habitat overlap analysis ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; NORTH-AMERICA; RESTORATION; SALTCEDAR; ECOLOGY; PREDICTION; MODELS; SPP. AB Biologic control of the introduced and invasive, woody plant tamarisk (Tamarix spp, saltcedar) in south-western states is controversial because it affects habitat of the federally endangered South-western Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). These songbirds sometimes nest in tamarisk where floodplain-level invasion replaces native habitats. Biologic control, with the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongate), began along the Virgin River, Utah, in 2006, enhancing the need for comprehensive understanding of the tamarisk-flycatcher relationship. We used maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to separately quantify the current extent of dense tamarisk habitat (>50% cover) and the potential extent of habitat available for E. traillii extimus within the studied watersheds. We used transformations of 2008 Landsat Thematic Mapper images and a digital elevation model as environmental input variables. Maxent models performed well for the flycatcher and tamarisk with Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) values of 0.960 and 0.982, respectively. Classification of thresholds and comparison of the two Maxent outputs indicated moderate spatial overlap between predicted suitable habitat for E. traillii extimus and predicted locations with dense tamarisk stands, where flycatcher habitat will potentially change flycatcher habitats. Dense tamarisk habitat comprised 500 km(2) within the study area, of which 11.4% was also modeled as potential habitat for E. traillii extimus. Potential habitat modeled for the flycatcher constituted 190 km(2), of which 30.7% also contained dense tamarisk habitat. Results showed that both native vegetation and dense tamarisk habitats exist in the study area and that most tamarisk infestations do not contain characteristics that satisfy the habitat requirements of E. traillii extimus. Based on this study, effective biologic control of Tamarix spp. may, in the short term, reduce suitable habitat available to E. traillii extimus, but also has the potential in the long term to increase suitable habitat if appropriate mixes of native woody vegetation replace tamarisk in biocontrol areas. C1 [York, Patricia; Evangelista, Paul; Kumar, Sunil; Graham, James] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Flather, Curtis] US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP York, P (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 1499 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pmyork0714@gmail.com RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 FU US Geological Survey FX We wish to thank the US Geological Survey for funding and the Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University for logistical support. TJS contribution supported by US Geological Survey Invasive Species Program, USGS Fort Collins Science Program, and USDA CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s11707-011-0154-5 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 002SS UT WOS:000308556000002 ER PT J AU Liang, CT Stohlgren, TJ AF Liang, Christina T. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Habitat suitability of patch types: A case study of the Yosemite toad SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE species distribution models; Maxent; habitat patch; patchy populations; Yosemite toad; Anaxyrus canorus; Bufo canorus ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; AMERICAN BULLFROG; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; SIERRA-NEVADA; CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS AB Understanding patch variability is crucial in understanding the spatial population structure of wildlife species, especially for rare or threatened species. We used a well-tested maximum entropy species distribution model (Maxent) to map the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus (= Bufo) canorus) in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. Twenty-six environmental variables were included in the model representing climate, topography, land cover type, and disturbance factors (e. g., distances to agricultural lands, fire perimeters, and timber harvest areas) throughout the historic range of the toad. We then took a novel approach to the study of spatially structured populations by applying the species-environmental matching model separately for 49 consistently occupied sites of the Yosemite toad compared to 27 intermittently occupied sites. We found that the distribution of the entire population was highly predictable (AUC = 0.95+/-0.03 SD), and associated with low slopes, specific vegetation types (wet meadow, alpine-dwarf shrub, montane chaparral, red fir, and subalpine conifer), and warm temperatures. The consistently occupied sites were also associated with these same factors, and they were also highly predictable (AUC = 0.95+/-0.05 SD). However, the intermittently occupied sites were associated with distance to fire perimeter, a slightly different response to vegetation types, distance to timber harvests, and a much broader set of aspect classes (AUC = 0.90+/-0.11 SD). We conclude that many studies of species distributions may benefit by modeling spatially structured populations separately. Modeling and monitoring consistently-occupied sites may provide a realistic snapshot of current species-environment relationships, important climatic and topographic patterns associated with species persistence patterns, and an understanding of the plasticity of the species to respond to varying climate regimes across its range. Meanwhile, modeling and monitoring of widely dispersing individuals and intermittently occupied sites may uncover environmental thresholds and human-related threats to population persistence. C1 [Liang, Christina T.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liang, Christina T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Liang, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM christinaliang@fs.fed.us FU University of California at Davis FX Data were provided by the Inyo National Forest, Sierra National Forest, Stanislaus National Forest, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park, and Yosemite National Park. We thank R. Grasso for assistance in classifying Yosemite toad locations and S. Kumar for Maxent training. S. Kumar, T. Holcombe, A. Lind, S. Lawler, and J. Quinn provided helpful reviews on an earlier version of the manuscript. CTL funding was provided by the University of California at Davis. TJS contribution supported by US Geological Survey Invasive Species Program, USGS Fort Collins Science Program, and USDA CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666. The Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University provided logistical support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2 BP 217 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s11707-011-0157-2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 002SS UT WOS:000308556000012 ER PT J AU Stafford, JD Yetter, AP Hine, CS Smith, RV Horath, MM AF Stafford, Joshua D. Yetter, Aaron P. Hine, Christopher S. Smith, Randolph V. Horath, Michelle M. TI Seed Abundance for Waterfowl in Wetlands Managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat conservation; Illinois; moist-soil management; public lands; waterfowl ID TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; MOIST-SOIL SEEDS; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; WINTER; FOODS; DUCKS; DETERIORATION; MALLARDS; DENSITY AB Managed wetlands on public lands in Illinois, United States, provide foraging habitats for migrating and wintering waterfowl. However, few studies have estimated abundances of waterfowl foods in mid-migration regions of North America, yet such information is needed to inform management and conservation decision-making. During 20052007, we used a multistage sampling design to estimate moist-soil plant seed production (kg/ha, dry mass) and energetic carrying capacity at sites managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and modeled variation in seed biomass. Average seed biomass among all sites ranged from 1,030.0 +/- 64.1 (SE) kg/ha in 2005 to 501.5 +/- 124.1 kg/ha in 2007. Our overall estimate (2005-2007) of moist-soil plant seed biomass was precise (691.3 +/- 56.4 kg/ha; CV: 8.2%), equaling 5,128 energetic use-days/ha. This value was similar to or slightly greater than previous estimates from other regions of North America and exceeded the estimate used the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture for waterfowl conservation planning (514 kg/ha). We formulated eight models to predict abundance of moist-soil plant seeds within sampled wetlands. The best approximating model included the number of desirable plant species within wetlands and study year. The second best model included the categorical effect of management intensity and indicated that, although variable, actively managed wetlands produced about 240 kg/ha more seed than those that were passively managed. As with other regions, wetland management practices that encourage diverse plant communities over monotypes and growth of early successional plants should yield substantial increases in waterfowl food abundances at Illinois Department of Natural Resources sites, especially given that only 27% of our study wetlands were actively managed. Such efforts would also help reduce deficits in energetic carrying capacity identified by the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture. C1 [Stafford, Joshua D.; Yetter, Aaron P.; Hine, Christopher S.; Smith, Randolph V.; Horath, Michelle M.] Univ Illinois, Frank C Bellrose Waterfowl Res Ctr, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Havana, IL 62644 USA. RP Stafford, JD (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, NPBL 2140 B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM joshua.stafford@sdstate.edu RI Stafford, Joshua/H-4039-2011 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Fund through the IDNR project [W-43-R] FX We thank the many IDNR site personnel that provided us access to their sites and information on management practices. R. Marshalla, J. Buhnerkempe, and D. Holm of the IDNR advised the project. Comments by two anonymous reviewers improved our manuscript considerably. Funding was provided by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Fund administered through the IDNR project W-43-R. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 15 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.3996/092010-JFWM-034 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000002 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Chojnacki, K Finger, S Linder, G Kilbride, K AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Chojnacki, Kimberly Finger, Susan Linder, Greg Kilbride, Kevin TI A Geospatial Approach to Identify Water Quality Issues for National Wildlife Refuges in Oregon and Washington SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act; geographic information systems; National Wildlife Refuge System; total maximum daily loads; trust resources; water quality assessment AB Many National Wildlife Refuges (Refuges) have impaired water quality resulting from historic and current land uses, upstream sources, and aerial pollutant deposition. Competing duties limit the time available for Refuge staff to identify and evaluate potential water quality issues. As a result, water quality-related issues may not be resolved until a problem has already arisen. This study developed a geospatial approach for identifying and prioritizing water quality issues affecting natural resources (including migratory birds and federally listed species) within Refuge boundaries. We assessed the location and status of streams pursuant to the Clean Water Act in relation to individual Refuges in Oregon and Washington, United States. Although twelve Refuges in Oregon (60%) and eight Refuges in Washington (40%) were assessed under the Clean Water Act, only 12% and 3% of total Refuge stream lengths were assessed, respectively. Very few assessed Refuge streams were not designated as impaired (0% in Oregon, 1% in Washington). Despite the low proportions of stream lengths assessed, most Refuges in Oregon (70%) and Washington (65%) are located in watersheds with approved total maximum daily loads. We developed summaries of current water quality issues for individual Refuges and identified large gaps for Refuge-specific water quality data and habitat utilization by sensitive species. We conclude that monitoring is warranted on many Refuges to better characterize water quality under the Clean Water Act. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Chojnacki, Kimberly; Finger, Susan; Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Kilbride, Kevin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Branch Refuge Biol, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.3996/112010-JFWM-043 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000003 ER PT J AU Ostrand, KG Siepker, MJ Wahl, DH AF Ostrand, Kenneth G. Siepker, Michael J. Wahl, David H. TI Effectiveness of Livewell Additives on Largemouth Bass Survival SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE competitive angling; largemouth bass; livewell; tournament; water conditioners ID RELEASE ANGLING TOURNAMENTS; BLACK BASS; FISHING TOURNAMENTS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; STRIPED BASS; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; WATERS AB Livewell conditions during competitive angling events are thought to affect fish mortality. We examined the effects of livewell additives on initial and delayed mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. We applied three treatments (salt, ice, or salt and ice) to livewells during tournaments conducted on lakes in Illinois, United States, as well as in laboratory and pond experiments designed to examine the effects of fish size and ambient water temperature on mortality. Fish were collected after tournament weigh-in procedures were completed and monitored for delayed mortality every 24 h for 5 d. Initial mortality did not differ among livewell additives during these field experiments. Although delayed mortality was high (35%), it was not significantly different among livewells that contained salt (56%), ice (48%), ice and salt (40%), and controls (30%). Additives administered during the laboratory experiments, at cool water temperatures, resulted in significantly lower delayed mortalities than those observed during the field experiments when ambient water temperatures were warmer. Initial and delayed mortality did not differ among livewell additives during the laboratory experiments. Larger fish in field experiments had significantly greater delayed mortality than smaller fish in the pond experiments even though initial and delayed mortality did not differ among livewell additives. Our results suggest that fish size and ambient water temperature have a greater influence on delayed mortality observed during competitive angling events than the specific livewell additives studied here. C1 [Ostrand, Kenneth G.; Siepker, Michael J.; Wahl, David H.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Sam Parr Biol Stn, Kinmundy, IL 62854 USA. RP Ostrand, KG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Physiol Program, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kenneth_ostrand@fws.gov FU Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Project [F-135-R] FX This project benefited from the technical assistance of all tournament sponsors and anglers, as well as Sam Parr and Kaskaskia Biological Station staff. The Aquatic Ecology Discussion Group of the Kaskaskia Biological Station provided helpful reviews on earlier drafts. This research was supported by Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Project F-135-R, administered by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). S. Pallo, L. Dunham, and J. Ferencak coordinated activities with the IDNR. R. Wagner (INHS) provided valuable administrative support. Three anonymous reviewers and the Subject Editor provided comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.3996/092010-JFWM-037 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000004 ER PT J AU Halstead, BJ Wylie, GD Amarello, M Smith, JJ Thompson, ME Routman, EJ Casazza, ML AF Halstead, Brian J. Wylie, Glenn D. Amarello, Melissa Smith, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Michelle E. Routman, Eric J. Casazza, Michael L. TI Demography of the San Francisco Gartersnake in Coastal San Mateo County, California SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian analysis; California; Jolly-Seber model; population trend; San Francisco gartersnake; snake; survival; Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; POPULATION; SNAKE; CONSERVATION; SURVIVAL; DESIGN; ROBUST; MODEL AB The San Francisco gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia has been federally listed as endangered since 1967, but little demographic information exists for this species. We examined the demography of a San Francisco gartersnake population on approximately 213 ha of California coastal prairie in San Mateo County, California, from 2007 to 2010. The best-supported mark-recapture model indicated annual variation in daily capture probabilities and annual survival rates. Abundance increased throughout the study period, with a mean total population from 2008 to 2010 of 443 (95% CI = 313-646) individuals. Annual survival was slightly greater than that of most other gartersnakes, with an annual probability of survival of 0.78 (0.55-0.95) in 2008-2009 and 0.75 (0.49-0.93) in 2009-2010. Mean annual per capita recruitment rates were 0.73 (0.02-2.50) in 2008-2009 and 0.47 (0.02-1.42) in 2009-2010. From 2008 to 2010, the probability of an increase in abundance at this site was 0.873, with an estimated increase of 115 (282 to 326) individuals. The estimated population growth rate in 2008-2009 was 1.52 (0.73-3.29) and in 2009-2010 was 1.21 (0.70-2.17). Although this population is probably stable or increasing in the short term, long-term studies of the status of the San Francisco gartersnake at other sites are required to estimate population trends and to elucidate mechanisms that promote the recovery of this charismatic member of our native herpetofauna. C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Amarello, Melissa; Smith, Jeffrey J.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Thompson, Michelle E.; Routman, Eric J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM bhalstead@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation FX We thank J. Powers for access to the study site, promotion of our study, and assistance with logistics. Housing was provided by J. Wade and R. Bennett of the Pescadero Conservation Alliance at their research station at Gazos Creek. We thank many biological technicians and volunteers, including J. Capps, S. Cloherty, K. Colgate, M. Feldner, B. Freiermuth, E. Hellgren, D. Pearse, L. Pearse, M. Pilgrim, E. Taylor, Z. Thompson, J. D. Willson, and C. Winne, for assistance in the field and installation of traps and cover boards. P. Gore provided administrative support. G. Fellers, M. Herzog, three anonymous reviewers, and the Subject Editor provided valuable comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. J. Powers, N. Smith, M. Smith, C. Bettner, F. Andrews, and Mike of Santa Cruz Hydroponics and Organics donated all cover board materials used in this project. Funding was provided by a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to M. A. Snakes were handled in accordance with the University of California-Davis Animal Care and Use Protocol 9699 and as stipulated in U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Permits TE-170403 (2007 and 2008), TE-020548-5, and California Fish and Game Memorandum of Understanding (SC-009313, SC-009315). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 21 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.3996/012011-JFWM-009 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000006 ER PT J AU Bolenbaugh, JR Krementz, DG Lehnen, SE AF Bolenbaugh, Jason R. Krementz, David G. Lehnen, Sarah E. TI Secretive Marsh Bird Species Co-Occurrences and Habitat Associations Across the Midwest, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE marsh bird; Midwest; occupancy; abundance; habitat use; wetland; species co-occurrence ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; NEW-YORK; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGY; IOWA AB Because secretive marsh birds are difficult to detect, population status and habitat use for these birds are not well known. We conducted repeated surveys for secretive marsh birds across 264 sites in the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Joint Venture region to estimate abundance, occupancy, and detection probabilities during the 2008 and 2009 breeding seasons. We identified species groups based on observed species co-occurrences. Two species, least bittern Ixobrychus exilis and American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus, co-occurred with other species less often than expected by chance, and two species groups, rails (Virginia rail Rallus limicola and sora Porzana carolina) and open-water birds (pied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps, common moorhen Gallinula chloropus, and American coot Fulica americana; coots were only surveyed in 2009), co-occurred more often than expected by chance. These groupings were consistent between years. We then estimated the relation of these species and groups to landscape and local site characteristics by using zero-inflated abundance models that accounted for incomplete detection. At the landscape level (5-km radius), the amount of emergent herbaceous wetland was positively associated with least bittern occupancy, whereas the amount of woody wetland was negatively associated with least bittern, rail, and open-water bird occupancy. At the local level, habitat variables that were associated with abundance were not consistent among groups or between years, with the exception that both least bitterns and open-water birds had a strong positive association between abundance and water-vegetation interspersion. Land managers interested in marsh bird management or conservation may want to consider focusing efforts on landscapes with high amounts of emergent herbaceous wetland and low amounts of woody wetland, and managing for high amounts of water-vegetation interspersion within the wetland. C1 [Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM krementz@uark.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds; U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds and the U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 47 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.3996/012011-JFWM-001 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000007 ER PT J AU Hanson, KC Gale, WL Simpson, WG Kennedy, BM Ostrand, KG AF Hanson, Kyle C. Gale, William L. Simpson, William G. Kennedy, Benjamen M. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Physiological Characterization of Hatchery-Origin Juvenile Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss Adopting Divergent Life-History Strategies SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE smoltification; physiology; Na+,K+-ATPase activity; Na+,K+-ATPase alpha-subunit expression; residual salmon; hatchery management ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; K+ ATPASE ACTIVITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; NA+,K+,2CL(-) COTRANSPORTER; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; SMOLT DEVELOPMENT; REARED STEELHEAD; GROWTH-HORMONE AB Smoltification by juvenile Pacific salmonids has been described as a developmental conflict whereby individuals face several life-history decisions. Smoltification occurs as a result of interactions between organismal condition and environmental cues, although some fish may forgo ocean migration and remain in freshwater streams for some time (residualize). We compared the physiological profiles of steelhead that were actively migrating to the ocean (migratory fish) and those that remained in fresh water (residuals) for at least a period of between 2 wk and 3 mo after release from a hatchery facility. In addition, we investigated the physiological characterization of residuals that further differentiated into precocial freshwater residents or parr that will either precocially mature in fresh water or migrate to the ocean in the future. Residuals had higher condition factors and gonadosomatic index than migratory fish and were characterized as less prepared for saltwater due to low levels of gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and Na+,K+-ATPase alpha 1b-subunit expression. Residuals tended to be males with the highest condition factors. Sex-specific differences are probably reflective of male fish adopting an alternative life-history strategy foregoing outmigration as a result of condition at the time of release. Collection of residuals throughout the fall suggested that residual hatchery fish further diversify into precocially mature fish that will presumably attempt to spawn without ever migrating to the ocean or into parr that will precocially mature or migrate in a future year. C1 [Hanson, Kyle C.; Gale, William L.; Simpson, William G.; Kennedy, Benjamen M.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX Data collection and reporting for 2007 were funded through the Bonneville Power Administration. We thank Jeff Poole and John Holmes for spawning, handling, and maintaining hatchery brood stock and their progeny. We thank the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for maintaining the screwtrap on Abernathy Creek for collection of migrating smolts. We also thank Patty Crandell and four anonymous reviewers for commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.3996/092010-JFWM-032 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000008 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Reid, SB Godfrey, L Ardren, WR AF Smith, Christian T. Reid, Stewart B. Godfrey, Lindsay Ardren, William R. TI Gene Flow Among Modoc Sucker and Sacramento Sucker Populations in the Upper Pit River, California and Oregon SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE migration; microsatellite; endangered species; suckers; hybrid ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; HYBRIDS; INTROGRESSION; HYBRIDIZATION; EXTINCTION; CATOSTOMUS; DISTANCES; EVOLUTION; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM AB The Modoc sucker Catostomus microps received legal protection in the United States based partially on concerns that anthropogenic environmental changes had restricted migration among populations and catalyzed hybridization with a more abundant congener, the Sacramento sucker Catostomus occidentalis. We applied eight microsatellite markers to samples of both species collected from two tributaries to the Pit River, California (Ash Creek and Turner Creek), and one tributary of Goose Lake, Oregon (Thomas Creek). Modoc sucker populations in these three tributaries seemed to be largely isolated from one another: gene flow between Ash Creek and Turner Creek was no greater than that among these two creeks and Thomas Creek. In contrast, divergence estimates among collections of Sacramento suckers indicated greater gene flow between Ash Creek and Turner Creek than between either of these creeks and Thomas Creek. Samples collected at a single site (Ash Valley) were identified based on morphology as Modoc suckers, but genetic data suggested they were much more similar to Sacramento suckers. Interspecific hybrids were detected in all three tributaries. Collections of Modoc suckers yielded 0.0-3.9% hybrids, and collections of Sacramento suckers yielded 0.0-80.0% hybrids. The two collections with the greatest proportions of hybrids (54.5 and 80.0%) were both from tributaries to lower Thomas Creek, and neither of these tributaries is thought to have upstream populations of Modoc suckers. Based on 1) low levels of hybrid detection in all three tributaries, 2) the absence of hybrids from typical parental habitats (upstream habitats for Modoc suckers and Pit River mainstem for Sacramento suckers), and 3) highly significant RST (variance in allele size) values between the species, we conclude that hybridization is common but that significant introgression (i.e., loss of parental genotypes) has not occurred. We also note that hybridization, and subsequent introgression, may become a conservation concern in such cases when the habitat of one or both of these species is eliminated or modified. C1 [Smith, Christian T.; Godfrey, Lindsay; Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Reid, Stewart B.] Western Fishes, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM christian_smith@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.3996/022010-JFWM-003 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000009 ER PT J AU Brady, TR Aloisi, D Gordon, R Wege, G AF Brady, Tony R. Aloisi, Doug Gordon, Roger Wege, Gary TI A Method for Culturing Mussels Using In-River Cages SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; endangered mussels; Lampsilis higginsi; culture; cages ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS AB A variety of techniques have been used since the early 1900s to produce mussels for augmenting depleted populations, including the use of wire-covered crates to house fish bearing mussel larvae. Here we describe a modification of earlier techniques, which provides a viable, low-cost method for producing large numbers of mussels. Aluminum-framed cages covered with commercially available hardware cloth are used to confine glochidia-bearing fish. Juvenile mussels then excyst off the host fish, and fall to the substrate-covered cage bottom, which protects the mussels from predation until they mature into subadult mussels. To date, seven species of mussels totaling over 57,100 2- and 3-y-old mussels have been reared in these culture cages. C1 [Brady, Tony R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA. [Aloisi, Doug] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Geno, WI 54632 USA. [Gordon, Roger] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Elmira, MI 49730 USA. [Wege, Gary] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Twin Cities Field Off, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. RP Brady, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 615 S Dr, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA. EM tony_brady@fws.gov FU U.S. Army Corp of Engineers St. Paul and Rock Island Districts; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Twin Cities Ecological Services Office FX We would like to thank the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers St. Paul and Rock Island Districts and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Twin Cities Ecological Services Office for funding for this project. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.3996/102009-JFWM-017 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000010 ER PT J AU Brignon, WR Davis, MB Olson, DE Schaller, HA Schreck, CB AF Brignon, William R. Davis, M. Brian Olson, Douglas E. Schaller, Howard A. Schreck, Carl B. TI Snorkelers' In-Water Observations Can Alter Salmonid Behavior SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fish behavior; salmonids; snorkel survey ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; MICROHABITAT USE; PREDATOR INSPECTION; JUVENILE CHINOOK; RAINBOW-TROUT; STREAM FISHES; COHO SALMON; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT AB Direct underwater observation techniques (e. g., snorkel surveys) are widely used in fisheries science. Data collected from these surveys are used to estimate species abundance, detect presence and absence, and construct statistical models that predict microhabitat use and nonuse. To produce an unbiased estimate or model, fish should ideally behave as if there were no observer present. We conducted a study using underwater video to test whether snorkeling can elicit a change in fish behavior. Four behavioral metrics were measured: upstream movement, downstream movement, total movement, and number of fish in the field-of-view. Significant differences were detected in upstream, downstream, and total movements as a function of the in-water observer. These results suggest that an in-water observer can disturb fish, resulting in altered behavior, which in turn may bias study results. We suggest researchers use caution in making inferences to an entire population when data-collection methods have potential to bias fish behavior. C1 [Brignon, William R.; Davis, M. Brian; Olson, Douglas E.; Schaller, Howard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Brignon, William R.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brignon, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM bill_brignon@fws.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.3996/052010-JFWM-012 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000011 ER PT J AU Naidu, A Smythe, LA Thompson, RW Culver, M AF Naidu, Ashwin Smythe, Lindsay A. Thompson, Ron W. Culver, Melanie TI Genetic Analysis of Scats Reveals Minimum Number and Sex of Recently Documented Mountain Lions SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Puma concolor; Arizona; noninvasive genetics; identification; species; individual; sex ID PUMA PUMA-CONCOLOR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; AMERICAN PUMA; POPULATIONS; IDENTITY; ARIZONA; SUCCESS; SAMPLES; FLOW AB Recent records of mountain lions Puma concolor and concurrent declines in desert bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis mexicana on Kofa National Wildlife Refuge in Arizona, United States, have prompted investigations to estimate the number of mountain lions occurring there. We performed noninvasive genetic analyses and identified species, individuals, and sex from scat samples collected from the Kofa and Castle Dome Mountains. From 105 scats collected, we identified a minimum of 11 individual mountain lions. These individuals consisted of six males, two females and three of unknown sex. Three of the 11 mountain lions were identified multiple times over the study period. These estimates supplement previously recorded information on mountain lions in an area where they were historically considered only transient. We demonstrate that noninvasive genetic techniques, especially when used in conjunction with camera-trap and radiocollaring methods, can provide additional and reliable information to wildlife managers, particularly on secretive species like the mountain lion. C1 [Naidu, Ashwin; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Smythe, Lindsay A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. [Thompson, Ron W.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. RP Naidu, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ashwin@email.arizona.edu RI Naidu, Ashwin/B-3394-2011 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Desert Bighorn Council; Arizona Desert Bighorn Sheep Society FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding this project through the Science Support Program and for providing logistic and biological support. We also thank the AGFD for collaboration and research assistance. We are grateful to the Desert Bighorn Council for their support during the project and the Arizona Desert Bighorn Sheep Society for their desire to continue with support in the future to expand this project regionally through the use of the Special Big Game Tag Fund. We extend our personal thanks to members of the Conservation Genetics Laboratory and University of Arizona Genetics Core members to have assisted us in laboratory and data analyses. Special thanks to R. Henry, S. Henry, R. Law, B. Jansen, M. Overstreet, P. Kanukurti, R. Fitak, C. Richins, R. Celaya, J. Feltner, R. Fuentes, A. Giordano and S. Bogner for their assistance in field and laboratory work. Finally, we wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for critical review of this manuscript and their input toward its publication. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.3996/042010-JFWM-008 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044MX UT WOS:000311625000013 ER PT J AU Meyers, JM AF Meyers, J. Michael TI Population Densities of Painted Buntings in the Southeastern United States SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The eastern population trend of Passerina ciris (Painted Bunting) declined 3.5% annually during the first 30 yrs of the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS, 1966-1996). Recently, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed Painted Buntings as a focal species. Surveys for this focal species for the next 10 yrs (BBS, 1997-2007), however, are too low (< 1 bird per 50 stops) for determining trend estimates. Also, to monitor densities adequately, surveys should account for incomplete detections. I surveyed singing Painted Buntings from 13 May to 26 June 2003 at 582 point counts (50 randomly selected transects) within blocks (64 x 64 km) in coastal and river areas from Florida to North Carolina. I compared densities of Painted Buntings for major habitats. Painted Buntings were detected at 33.5% of points surveyed for 5 min. Densities varied from 9 singing males per km(2) in young pine plantations to 42 per km(2) in maritime shrub. Effective detection radii for habitats varied from 64 to 90 m and were slightly higher in developed than in undeveloped habitats. Distance sampling is recommended to determine densities of Painted Buntings; however, large sample sizes (70-100 detections/habitat type) are required to monitor Painted Bunting densities in most habitats in the Atlantic coastal region of the southeastern United States. Special attention should be given to maritime shrub habitats, which may be important to maintaining the Painted Bunting population in the southeastern US. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Meyers, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jmeyers@warnell.uga.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4 FX United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4, provided partial funding for this project. K. Bettinger assisted with field work and managed data. J. Peterson, J. Kubel, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments and suggestions for the manuscript that improved the final draft. J. Nichols inspired me to conduct this monitoring research. I thank my colleagues of the Eastern Painted Bunting Working Group for discussions, which also helped me develop ideas for this monitoring research project. K. Chapman of the USFWS assisted with administration of the project. Many persons facilitated permits for surveys at parks, wildlife management areas, and refuges, and their help was important to completing this project during a period of special care for my terminally ill mother, Jane Rojahn Meyers. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.1656/058.010.0213 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976SS UT WOS:000306605700013 ER PT J AU Berdeen, JB Otis, DL AF Berdeen, James B. Otis, David L. TI Rapid Change in the Defense of Flightless Young by a Mourning Dove Parent SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID INVESTMENT; AGE AB We report that an adult-sized Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove), presumably a parent, rapidly decreased risk taken in defense of a juvenile as the likelihood of predation to the juvenile increased. We attribute this decrease in risk taken to (1) the parent's perception that the risk of predation had increased to the extent that a continuation of defensive behaviors would not prevent the death of the juvenile, and (2) its attempt to minimize its own risk of death. It may be that there is a threshold beyond which Mourning Dove parents will forgo the risk of additional defense of offspring in favor of making another reproductive attempt. C1 [Berdeen, James B.] Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Otis, David L.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Berdeen, JB (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 102 23rd St NE, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. EM james.berdeen@gmail.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Webless Migratory Upland Game Bird Research Fund; USGS - Biological Resources Division South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; South Carolina Public Service Authority; Clemson University; Safari Club International FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Webless Migratory Upland Game Bird Research Fund, USGS - Biological Resources Division South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, South Carolina Public Service Authority (Santee Cooper), Clemson University, and Safari Club International. Logistical support was provided by Santee NWR personnel. We thank K. Sughrue for her assistance with this phase of the research project. D. Rave and K. Sughrue provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 374 EP 377 DI 10.1656/058.010.0217 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976SS UT WOS:000306605700017 ER PT J AU Batts, W Yun, S Hedrick, R Winton, J AF Batts, William Yun, Susan Hedrick, Ronald Winton, James TI A novel member of the family Hepeviridae from cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hepatitis E; Persistent infection; Trout; Fish virus ID HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; PREGNANCY; HEV; INFECTION; MYKISS AB Beginning in 1988, the Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell line was used to isolate a novel virus from spawning adult trout in the state of California, USA. Termed the cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) virus (DV), the small, round virus was not associated with disease, but was subsequently found to be present in an increasing number of trout populations in the western USA, likely by a combination of improved surveillance activities and the shipment of infected eggs to new locations. Here, we report that the full length genome of the 1988 Heenan Lake isolate of DV consisted of 7269 nucleotides of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA beginning with a 5' untranslated region (UTR), followed by three open reading frames (ORFs), a 3' UTR and ending in a polyA tail. The genome of DV was similar in size and organization to that of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) with which it shared the highest nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities. Similar to the genomes of human, rodent or avian hepeviruses, ORF 1 encoded a large, non-structural polyprotein that included conserved methyltransferase, protease, helicase and polymerase domains, while ORF 2 encoded the structural capsid protein and ORF 3 the phosphoprotein. Together, our data indicated that DV was clearly a member of the family Hepeviridae, although the level of amino acid sequence identity with the ORFs of mammalian or avian hepeviruses (13-27%) may be sufficiently low to warrant the creation of a novel genus. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis using a 262 nt region within ORF 1 for 63 isolates of DV obtained from seven species of trout reared in various geographic locations in the western USA. While the sequences fell into two genetic clades, the overall nucleotide diversity was low (less than 8.4%) and many isolates differed by only 1-2 nucleotides, suggesting an epidemiological link. Finally, we showed that DV was able to form persistently infected cultures of the CHSE-214 cell line that may have use in research on the biology or treatment of hepevirus infections of humans or other animals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Batts, William; Winton, James] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Yun, Susan; Hedrick, Ronald] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Winton, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bbatts@usgs.gov; scyun@ucdavis.edu; rphedrick@ucdavis.edu; jwinton@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Government FX The authors are grateful to the fish health experts in the Western USA who provided isolates of DV for this study. Dr. Graham Young of the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington and Dr. Penny Swanson of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration provided helpful advice on the reproductive endocrinology of teleosts. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that substantially improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.03.019 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 783JM UT WOS:000292077300015 PM 21458509 ER PT J AU Dettinger, MD Ralph, FM Das, T Neiman, PJ Cayan, DR AF Dettinger, Michael D. Ralph, Fred Martin Das, Tapash Neiman, Paul J. Cayan, Daniel R. TI Atmospheric Rivers, Floods and the Water Resources of California SO WATER LA English DT Article DE precipitation; floods; water supply; California; atmospheric rivers ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; FLUXES; MOISTURE; IMPACTS AB California's highly variable climate and growing water demands combine to pose both water-supply and flood-hazard challenges to resource managers. Recently important efforts to more fully integrate the management of floods and water resources have begun, with the aim of benefitting both sectors. California is shown here to experience unusually large variations in annual precipitation and streamflow totals relative to the rest of the US, variations which mostly reflect the unusually small average number of wet days per year needed to accumulate most of its annual precipitation totals (ranging from 5 to 15 days in California). Thus whether just a few large storms arrive or fail to arrive in California can be the difference between a banner year and a drought. Furthermore California receives some of the largest 3-day storm totals in the country, rivaling in this regard the hurricane belt of the southeastern US. California's largest storms are generally fueled by landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs). The fractions of precipitation and streamflow totals at stations across the US that are associated with ARs are documented here and, in California, contribute 20-50% of the state's precipitation and streamflow. Prospects for long-lead forecasts of these fractions are presented. From a meteorological perspective, California's water resources and floods are shown to derive from the same storms to an extent that makes integrated flood and water resources management all the more important. C1 [Dettinger, Michael D.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ralph, Fred Martin; Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dettinger, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mddettin@usgs.gov; marty.ralph@noaa.gov; tadas@ucsd.edu; paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov; dcayan@ucsd.edu NR 36 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 12 U2 82 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JUN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 445 EP 478 DI 10.3390/w3020445 PG 34 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 053EW UT WOS:000312254700001 ER PT J AU Bain, DJ Arrigo, JAS Green, MB Pellerin, BA Vorosmarty, CJ AF Bain, Daniel J. Arrigo, Jennifer A. S. Green, Mark B. Pellerin, Brian A. Voeroesmarty, Charles J. TI Historical Legacies, Information and Contemporary Water Science and Management SO WATER LA English DT Article DE retrospective assessment; detection; attribution; hydrologic history ID RIVER RESTORATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DAM REMOVAL; NEW-ENGLAND; RECONSTRUCTIONS; OPPORTUNITIES; URBANIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; AGRICULTURE; NITROGEN AB Hydrologic science has largely built its understanding of the hydrologic cycle using contemporary data sources (i.e., last 100 years). However, as we try to meet water demand over the next 100 years at scales from local to global, we need to expand our scope and embrace other data that address human activities and the alteration of hydrologic systems. For example, the accumulation of human impacts on water systems requires exploration of incompletely documented eras. When examining these historical periods, basic questions relevant to modern systems arise: (1) How is better information incorporated into water management strategies? (2) Does any point in the past (e.g., colonial/pre-European conditions in North America) provide a suitable restoration target? and (3) How can understanding legacies improve our ability to plan for future conditions? Beginning to answer these questions indicates the vital need to incorporate disparate data and less accepted methods to meet looming water management challenges. C1 [Bain, Daniel J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Arrigo, Jennifer A. S.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Green, Mark B.; Voeroesmarty, Charles J.] CUNY City Coll, CUNY Environm Cross Rd Initiat, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Green, Mark B.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Pellerin, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95810 USA. RP Bain, DJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 200 SRCC,4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM dbain@pitt.edu; arrigoj@ecu.edu; mbgreen@plymouth.edu; bpeller@usgs.gov; cvorosmarty@ccny.cuny.edu RI Bain, Daniel/G-3055-2013 FU NSF-EAR [0854957]; University of Pittsburgh College of Arts and Sciences FX Thanks to Caroline Hermans, Chris Pastore, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of this manuscript. This work is funded by NSF-EAR Grant #0854957 to the City University of New York and by the University of Pittsburgh College of Arts and Sciences. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JUN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 566 EP 575 DI 10.3390/w3020566 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 053EW UT WOS:000312254700006 ER PT J AU Refsnider, JM Mitchell, TS Streby, HM Strickland, JT Warner, DA Janzen, FJ AF Refsnider, Jeanine M. Mitchell, Timothy S. Streby, Henry M. Strickland, Jeramie T. Warner, Daniel A. Janzen, Fredric J. TI A Generalized Method to Determine Detectability of Rare and Cryptic Species Using the Ornate Box Turtle as a Model SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE detectability; detection probability; Illinois; mark-recapture; ornate box turtle; radiotelemetry; sand prairie; Terrapene ornata; visual-encounter survey AB Estimates regarding population parameters are often based on data from surveys. To ensure that such estimates are as accurate as possible, it is important to know the detectability resulting from the particular survey method used. We used radiotelemetry to measure detectability of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata), using visual-encounter surveys in a sand prairie in northwestern Illinois, USA. We found that the overall detection probability of visual-encounter surveys was 0.03, and our high frequency of nondetection was due to a failure to detect visible turtles rather than turtles being underground or hidden in dense vegetation. Despite the substantial population density at our study site, visual-encounter surveys failed to detect box turtles on most visits, which resulted in a prohibitively high number of surveys that would be required to accurately estimate population size or to infer absence of the species from a site. Our method of using radiotelemetry to measure detection probability of a survey method could be easily applied to other small, cryptic, or rare species. However, our low detection probability and high frequency of nondetections recommend against use of visual-encounter surveys alone in estimating population parameters for ornate box turtles. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Refsnider, Jeanine M.; Mitchell, Timothy S.; Warner, Daniel A.; Janzen, Fredric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Strickland, Jeramie T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Thomson, IL 61285 USA. RP Refsnider, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM refsnij@iastate.edu FU Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife Fish Refuge; NSF [DEB-0640932] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife & Fish Refuge and NSF DEB-0640932 and supplements (to F.J.J.). Research was conducted in accordance with Illinois Department of Natural Resources permits no. 04-9S and NH10.0073. The authors thank T. Radzio, I. Tapia, C. Tucker, and the many members of the 2010 Turtle Camp research crew who conducted the visual-encounter surveys. We also thank E. Britton, K. Buhlmann, P. Heglund, J. Maerz, an anonymous reviewer, and members of the Janzen laboratory for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 35 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1002/wsb.14 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GU UT WOS:000209332700008 ER PT J AU Ausband, DE Young, J Fannin, B Mitchell, MS Stenglein, JL Waits, LP Shivik, JA AF Ausband, David E. Young, Julie Fannin, Barbara Mitchell, Michael S. Stenglein, Jennifer L. Waits, Lisette P. Shivik, John A. TI Hair of the Dog: Obtaining Samples From Coyotes and Wolves Noninvasively SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Canis lupus; coyote; DNA; gray wolf; monitoring; noninvasive sampling AB Canids can be difficult to detect and their populations difficult to monitor. We tested whether hair samples could be collected from coyotes (Canis latrans) in Texas, USA and gray wolves (C. lupus) in Montana, USA using lure to elicit rubbing behavior at both man-made and natural collection devices. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to determine whether collected hair samples were from coyote, wolf, or nontarget species. Both coyotes and wolves rubbed on man-made barbed surfaces but coyotes in Texas seldom rubbed on hanging barbed surfaces. Wolves in Montana showed a tendency to rub at stations where natural-material collection devices (sticks and debris) were present. Time to detection was relatively short (5 nights and 4 nights for coyotes and wolves, respectively) with nontarget and unknown species comprising approximately 26% of the detections in both locations. Eliciting rubbing behavior from coyotes and wolves using lures has advantages over opportunistic genetic sampling methods (e.g., scat transects) because it elicits a behavior that deposits a hair sample at a fixed sampling location, thereby increasing the efficiency of sampling for these canids. Hair samples from rub stations could be used to provide estimates of abundance, measures of genetic diversity and health, and detection-nondetection data useful for cost-effective population monitoring. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Ausband, David E.; Fannin, Barbara] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Young, Julie] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Stenglein, Jennifer L.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Shivik, John A.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ausband, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM david.ausband@mso.umt.edu RI Young, Julie/H-6147-2011 FU Wolf Recovery Foundation; Wilburforce Foundation; Department of Fish and Game; Nez Perce Tribe; Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare; National Wildlife Research Center; Sigma Xi; Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation; Leonard X. Bosack and Bette M. Kruger Foundation FX Funding was provided by the Wolf Recovery Foundation, Wilburforce Foundation, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Nez Perce Tribe, Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare, National Wildlife Research Center, Sigma Xi, Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation, and Leonard X. Bosack and Bette M. Kruger Foundation. Specifically, we thank L. Bradley, S. Brummer, J. Cox, J. Derbridge, R. Flatz, K. Holt, C. Mack, B. Martinez, R. Maughan, M. Panasci, C. Sime, C. Stansbury, J. Winans, and P. Zager for assistance and advice. We also thank D. Spicer and J. Husseman for early manuscript reviews. Anonymous reviewers greatly contributed to the strength of this manuscript and we appreciate their thorough reviews. This is Welder Wildlife Foundation Contribution 697. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 35 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1002/wsb.23 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GU UT WOS:000209332700010 ER PT J AU White, JD Gutzwiller, KJ Barrow, WC Johnson-Randall, L Zygo, L Swint, P AF White, Joseph D. Gutzwiller, Kevin J. Barrow, Wylie C. Johnson-Randall, Lori Zygo, Lisa Swint, Pamela TI Understanding Interaction Effects of Climate Change and Fire Management on Bird Distributions through Combined Process and Habitat Models SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; conservation planning; desert birds; ecosystem modeling; fire suppression ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; ASSOCIATIONS; LANDSCAPES; RADIATION; IMPACTS AB Avian conservation efforts must account for changes in vegetation composition and structure associated with climate change. We modeled vegetation change and the probability of occurrence of birds to project changes in winter bird distributions associated with climate change and fire management in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (southwestern U.S.A.). We simulated vegetation change in a process-based model (Landscape and Fire Simulator) in which anticipated climate change was associated with doubling of current atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next 50 years. We estimated the relative probability of bird occurrence on the basis of statistical models derived from field observations of birds and data on vegetation type, topography, and roads. We selected 3 focal species, Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), and Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus), that had a range of probabilities of occurrence for our study area. Our simulations projected increases in relative probability of bird occurrence in shrubland and decreases in grassland and Yucca spp. and ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) vegetation. Generally, the relative probability of occurrence of all 3 species was highest in shrubland because leaf-area index values were lower in shrubland. This high probability of occurrence likely is related to the species' use of open vegetation for foraging. Fire suppression had little effect on projected vegetation composition because as climate changed there was less fuel and burned area. Our results show that if future water limits on plant type are considered, models that incorporate spatial data may suggest how and where different species of birds may respond to vegetation changes. C1 [White, Joseph D.; Gutzwiller, Kevin J.; Swint, Pamela] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Barrow, Wylie C.; Johnson-Randall, Lori] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Zygo, Lisa] Baylor Univ, Ctr Spatial Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP White, JD (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Bear Pl 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM joseph_d_white@baylor.edu FU Baylor University; USGS-BRD [99CRAG0013] FX We thank National Park Service personnel, specifically R. Skiles, J. Morlock, and R. Gatewood, who provided logistical and scientific input. We thank B. S. Cade and S. K. Riffell for discussions about statistical analyses, and E. Fleishman, N. Horning, R. S. Mordecai, D. Vodopich, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments during preparation of the manuscript. This work was supported by Baylor University and a U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Project funded as a Cooperative Agreement between Baylor University and the USGS-BRD (99CRAG0013). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 536 EP 546 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 762PK UT WOS:000290491700016 PM 21535146 ER PT J AU Bolliger, J Edwards, TC Eggenberg, S Ismail, S Seidl, I Kienast, F AF Bolliger, Janine Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Eggenberg, Stefan Ismail, Sascha Seidl, Irmi Kienast, Felix TI Balancing Forest-Regeneration Probabilities and Maintenance Costs in Dry Grasslands of High Conservation Priority SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dry grasslands; expert knowledge; MARXAN; reserve selection; set-covering algorithm ID LAND-USE CHANGE; RESERVE SELECTION; REGIONAL-SCALE; AREAS; BIODIVERSITY; MODELS; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; IRREPLACEABILITY; REQUIREMENTS AB Abandonment of agricultural land has resulted in forest regeneration in species-rich dry grasslands across European mountain regions and threatens conservation efforts in this vegetation type. To support national conservation strategies, we used a site-selection algorithm (MARXAN) to find optimum sets of floristic regions (reporting units) that contain grasslands of high conservation priority. We sought optimum sets that would accommodate 136 important dry-grassland species and that would minimize forest regeneration and costs of management needed to forestall predicted forest regeneration. We did not consider other conservation elements of dry grasslands, such as animal species richness, cultural heritage, and changes due to climate change. Optimal sets that included 95-100% of the dry grassland species encompassed an average of 56-59 floristic regions (standard deviation, SD 5). This is about 15% of approximately 400 floristic regions that contain dry-grassland sites and translates to 4800-5300 ha of dry grassland out of a total of approximately 23,000 ha for the entire study area. Projected costs to manage the grasslands in these optimum sets ranged from CHF (Swiss francs) 5.2 to 6.0 million/year. This is only 15-20% of the current total estimated cost of approximately CHF30-45 million/year required if all dry grasslands were to be protected. The grasslands of the optimal sets may be viewed as core sites in a national conservation strategy. C1 [Bolliger, Janine; Ismail, Sascha; Seidl, Irmi; Kienast, Felix] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Eggenberg, Stefan] UNA Atelier Naturschutz & Umweltfragen AG, CH-3007 Bern, Switzerland. [Ismail, Sascha] ETH, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Terr Ecosyst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Kienast, F (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM felix.kienast@wsl.ch RI Bolliger, Janine/L-3387-2013; Kienast, Felix/L-3536-2013; OI Bolliger, Janine/0000-0001-8145-559X; Ismail, Sascha Asif/0000-0003-2883-0666 FU Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; UNA (Atelier fur Naturschutz und Umweltfragen, Berne) FX We thank the dry-grassland project team at the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL and at UNA (Atelier fur Naturschutz und Umweltfragen, Berne) for their support. E. Fleishman, M. Burgman, and two reviewers, especially J. Moore, gave us constructive suggestions for improving this paper. Identification of a particular product by name does constitute endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey or the United States Government. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01630.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 762PK UT WOS:000290491700019 PM 21175843 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Vokoun, JC Letcher, BH AF Kanno, Yoichiro Vokoun, Jason C. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Sibship reconstruction for inferring mating systems, dispersal and effective population size in headwater brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Sibship reconstruction; Polygamy; Dispersal; Effective population size (N(e)); Salvelinus fontinalis; Headwater streams ID INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; STREAM FISHES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; WILD POPULATION; GROUNDWATER; TRUTTA; CHARR AB Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations have declined in much of the native range in eastern North America and populations are typically relegated to small headwater streams in Connecticut, USA. We used sibship reconstruction to infer mating systems, dispersal and effective population size of resident (non-anadromous) brook trout in two headwater stream channel networks in Connecticut. Brook trout were captured via backpack electrofishing using spatially continuous sampling in the two headwaters (channel network lengths of 4.4 and 7.7 km). Eight microsatellite loci were genotyped in a total of 740 individuals (80-140 mm) subsampled in a stratified random design from all 50 m-reaches in which trout were captured. Sibship reconstruction indicated that males and females were both mostly polygamous although single pair matings were also inferred. Breeder sex ratio was inferred to be nearly 1:1. Few large-sized fullsib families (> 3 individuals) were inferred and the majority of individuals were inferred to have no fullsibs among those fish genotyped (family size = 1). The median stream channel distance between pairs of individuals belonging to the same large-sized fullsib families (> 3 individuals) was 100 m (range: 0-1,850 m) and 250 m (range: 0-2,350 m) in the two study sites, indicating limited dispersal at least for the size class of individuals analyzed. Using a sibship assignment method, the effective population size for the two streams was estimated at 91 (95%CI: 67-123) and 210 (95%CI: 172-259), corresponding to the ratio of effective-to-census population size of 0.06 and 0.12, respectively. Both-sex polygamy, low variation in reproductive success, and a balanced sex ratio may help maintain genetic diversity of brook trout populations with small breeder sizes persisting in headwater channel networks. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro; Vokoun, Jason C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM yoichiro.kanno@uconn.edu FU Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act; Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust FX This research was financially supported by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection through the State Wildlife Grants Program, the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act, and the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust. We thank Neal Hagstrom, Mike Humphreys, Mike Beauchene, Elise Benoit, Mike Davidson, George Maynard, Daniel Watrous and Jason Carmignani for their field assistance. Jason Coombs, Paul Schueller and Anne Timm provided technical assistance with genetic analysis. We are grateful to the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust, Northwest Conservation District, US Army Corps of Engineers and many private landowners for granting or facilitating access to the study sites. Kent Holsinger, Eric Schultz and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0166-9 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 760IY UT WOS:000290319200002 ER PT J AU Morrison, CL Ross, SW Nizinski, MS Brooke, S Jarnegren, J Waller, RG Johnson, RL King, TL AF Morrison, Cheryl L. Ross, Steve W. Nizinski, Martha S. Brooke, Sandra Jaernegren, Johanna Waller, Rhian G. Johnson, Robin L. King, Tim L. TI Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Cold-water coral; Connectivity; Gene flow; Dispersal barriers; Isolation by distance ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; DEEP-SEA CORAL; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; MARINE POPULATIONS; LINNAEUS 1758; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SELF-RECRUITMENT AB Knowledge of the degree to which populations are connected through larval dispersal is imperative to effective management, yet little is known about larval dispersal ability or population connectivity in Lophelia pertusa, the dominant framework-forming coral on the continental slope in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using nine microsatellite DNA markers, we assessed the spatial scale and pattern of genetic connectivity across a large portion of the range of L. pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean. A Bayesian modeling approach found four distinct genetic groupings corresponding to ocean regions: Gulf of Mexico, coastal southeastern U.S., New England Seamounts, and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. An isolation-by-distance pattern was supported across the study area. Estimates of pairwise population differentiation were greatest with the deepest populations, the New England Seamounts (average F (ST) = 0.156). Differentiation was intermediate with the eastern North Atlantic populations (F (ST) = 0.085), and smallest between southeastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico populations (F (ST) = 0.019), with evidence of admixture off the southeastern Florida peninsula. Connectivity across larger geographic distances within regions suggests that some larvae are broadly dispersed. Heterozygote deficiencies were detected within the majority of localities suggesting deviation from random mating. Gene flow between ocean regions appears restricted, thus, the most effective management scheme for L. pertusa involves regional reserve networks. C1 [Morrison, Cheryl L.; Johnson, Robin L.; King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ross, Steve W.] UNC Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Nizinski, Martha S.] Smithsonian Inst, NHB, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Brooke, Sandra] Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. [Jaernegren, Johanna] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Waller, Rhian G.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RP Morrison, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Biol Resources Div, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cmorrison@usgs.gov FU USGS; Minerals Management Service; SEUS [DASS2005]; Duke/UNC Oceanographic Consortium (to SWR); Statoil Hydro; Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters; USGS-BRD Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology Branch FX This investigation was financially supported by the USGS Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program and was sponsored by the Minerals Management Service. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration supported field work both in the SEUS via four cruises (grants to S. W. Ross and S. Brooke, lead PIs) and also to the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts (cruise DASS2005, grant to L. Watling, T. Shank, S. France, R. Waller and P. Auster, lead PIs). Thanks to the ROV pilots and crew of the R/V Ronald H. Brown facilitating collection of the NES samples. The two R/V Cape Hatteras missions were sponsored by the Duke/UNC Oceanographic Consortium (to SWR), and we thank that ship's personnel for excellent support. We thank J.M. Roberts and G. Duineveld for facilitating cruise participation of SWR on R/V Pelagia where ENAO samples were collected. Norwegian collections were financially supported by Statoil Hydro and The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Special thanks to USGS Lophelia I research colleagues: G. Brewer, C. Kellogg, K. Sulak and the crew at the USGS Coastal Ecology and Conservation Research. We also thank the Continental Shelf Associates Lophelia I scientists for allowing an author (CLM) to participate on GOM cruises. The USGS-BRD Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology Branch, provided partial funding to CLM. The following individuals kindly donated coral samples: E. Cordes, C. Fisher, W. Schroeder, A. Davies, J. Reed, C. Messing. Thanks are extended to the following individuals for helpful discussions regarding data collection and analyses: M. Eackles, B. Lubinski, C. Young, and J. Switzer. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, the crew members of the R/V Seward Johnson I and II, and the JSL submersible crew helped make this research possible. M. Carlson produced maps and calculated geographic distances. M. Rhode and M. Springmann assisted with Figs 1 and 2, respectively. Comments by J. Switzer, M. Miller and 3 anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 96 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 713 EP 729 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0178-5 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 760IY UT WOS:000290319200011 ER PT J AU Solovyeva, DV Pearce, JM AF Solovyeva, Diana V. Pearce, John M. TI Comparative mitochondrial genetics of North American and Eurasian mergansers with an emphasis on the endangered scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Haplotype diversity; Waterfowl; Scaly-sided merganser; mtDNA; Phylogeny ID COMMON MERGANSERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SITE FIDELITY; DIVERSITY; ALASKA; ANATIDAE; MARKERS; GROWTH AB The scaly-sided merganser, Mergus squamatus, is considered one of the most threatened sea duck species in the Palearctic with limited breeding and wintering distribution in China and Russia. To provide information for future conservation efforts, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region in four species of mergansers and three additional sea duck taxa to characterize the evolutionary history of the scaly-sided merganser, infer population trends that may have led to its limited geographic distribution, and to compare indices of genetic diversity among species of mergansers. Scaly-sided mergansers exhibit substantially lower levels of mtDNA genetic diversity (h = 0.292, pi = 0.0007) than other closely related sea ducks and many other avian taxa. The four haplotypes observed differed by a single base pair suggesting that the species has not experienced a recent population decline but has instead been at a low population level for some time. A phylogenetic analysis placed the scaly-sided merganser basal to North American and European forms of the common merganser, M. merganser. Our inclusion of a small number of male samples doubled the number of mtDNA haplotypes observed, suggesting that additional genetic variation likely exists within the global population if there is immigration of males from unsampled breeding areas. C1 [Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Solovyeva, Diana V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jpearce@usgs.gov RI Solovyeva, Diana/J-7302-2012 FU Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust; Rufford Small Grant Program; Forestry Bureau COA of Taiwan FX Field work was supported through the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, the Rufford Small Grant Program, and the Forestry Bureau COA of Taiwan. A. Ramey, D. Derksen, and M. Kuro-o provided comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 839 EP 844 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0180-y PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 760IY UT WOS:000290319200023 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Elias, E Field, ME Presto, MK AF Storlazzi, C. D. Elias, E. Field, M. E. Presto, M. K. TI Numerical modeling of the impact of sea-level rise on fringing coral reef hydrodynamics and sediment transport SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Sea level; Fringing reef; Waves; Currents; Sediment; Erosion ID SOUTHERN MOLOKAI; UNIFIED VIEW; HAWAII; FLOW; CURRENTS; WAVES; FLAT; VARIABILITY; TURBIDITY; RESUSPENSION AB Most climate projections suggest that sea level may rise on the order of 0.5-1.0 m by 2100; it is not clear, however, how fluid flow and sediment dynamics on exposed fringing reefs might change in response to this rapid sea-level rise. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment-transport numerical modeling is consistent with recent published results that suggest that an increase in water depth on the order of 0.5-1.0 m on a 1-2 m deep exposed fringing reef flat would result in larger significant wave heights and setup, further elevating water depths on the reef flat. Larger waves would generate higher near-bed shear stresses, which, in turn, would result in an increase in both the size and the quantity of sediment that can be resuspended from the seabed or eroded from adjacent coastal plain deposits. Greater wave- and wind-driven currents would develop with increasing water depth, increasing the alongshore and offshore flux of water and sediment from the inner reef flat to the outer reef flat and fore reef where coral growth is typically greatest. Sediment residence time on the fringing reef flat was modeled to decrease exponentially with increasing sea-level rise as the magnitude of sea-level rise approached the mean water depth over the reef flat. The model results presented here suggest that a 0.5-1.0 m rise in sea level will likely increase coastal erosion, mixing and circulation, the amount of sediment resuspended, and the duration of high turbidity on exposed reef flats, resulting in decreased light availability for photosynthesis, increased sediment-induced stress on the reef ecosystem, and potentially affecting a number of other ecological processes. C1 [Storlazzi, C. D.; Field, M. E.; Presto, M. K.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Elias, E.] US Geol Survey Deltares, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 42 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 SU 1 SI SI BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s00338-011-0723-9 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 760LE UT WOS:000290325000008 ER PT J AU Meeuwig, MH Guy, CS Fredenberg, WA AF Meeuwig, Michael H. Guy, Christopher S. Fredenberg, Wade A. TI Trophic relationships between a native and a nonnative predator in a system of natural lakes SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE trophic relationship; stable isotope analysis; bull trout; lake trout; competitive exclusion ID STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES; MYSIS-RELICTA; BULL TROUT; FOOD WEBS; FLATHEAD LAKE; DIET; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; ECOSYSTEM AB Bull trout, a species of char listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act, have been displaced from portions of their historic range following the introduction of nonnative lake trout. It has been suggested that competitive exclusion as a result of trophic overlap between bull trout and lake trout may be the causal mechanism associated with displacement of bull trout. This study used stable isotope data to evaluate trophic relationships among native bull trout, nonnative lake trout and other fishes in seven lakes in Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana. Bull trout and lake trout had greater delta 15N values relative to other fishes among lakes (delta 15N >= 3.0 parts per thousand). Lake trout had greater delta 15N values relative to bull trout (delta 15N = +1.0 parts per thousand). Bull trout had greater delta 13C values relative to lake trout in six of the seven lakes examined. Although both bull trout and lake trout had greater delta 15N values relative to other fishes within lakes in GNP, differences in delta 15N and delta 13C between bull trout and lake trout suggest that they are consuming different prey species or similar prey species in different proportions. Therefore, displacement of bull trout as a direct result of complete overlap in food resource use is not anticipated unless diet shifts occur or food resources become limiting. Additionally, future studies should evaluate food habits to identify important prey species and sources of partial dietary overlap between bull trout and lake trout. C1 [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fredenberg, Wade A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Fish & Wildlife Ctr, Kalispell, MT USA. RP Meeuwig, MH (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Mail Stop 315, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM meeuwig@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US National Park Service FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service and US National Park Service. H. Hodges, C. Penne, D. Pewitt, L. Rose and S. Townsend provided assistance during field sampling for this project. B. Michels, J. Potter, J. Tilmant and GNP personnel provided administrative and logistical support. P. Brown, A. Hansen, J. Junker, S. Kalinowski, T. McMahon and three anonymous reviewers provided critical comments on early drafts of this manuscript. Use of trade or firm names in this document is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of a product or service by the US Government. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00498.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 758MK UT WOS:000290168700014 ER PT J AU Fernandez, JRR Hofle, U Mateo, R de Francisco, ON Abbott, R Acevedo, P Blanco, JM AF Rodriguez-Ramos Fernandez, Julia Hoefle, Ursula Mateo, Rafael Nicolas de Francisco, Olga Abbott, Rachel Acevedo, Pelayo Manuel Blanco, Juan TI Assessment of lead exposure in Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) from spent ammunition in central Spain SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquila adalberti; Lead; Spanish imperial eagle; Spent ammunition ID HARRIERS CIRCUS-AERUGINOSUS; SHOT INGESTION; EBRO DELTA; FEATHERS; METALS; BIRDS; WILD; EUROPE; BLOOD; BONES AB The Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) is found only in the Iberian Peninsula and is considered one of the most threatened birds of prey in Europe. Here we analyze lead concentrations in bones (n = 84), livers (n = 15), primary feathers (n = 69), secondary feathers (n = 71) and blood feathers (n = 14) of 85 individuals collected between 1997 and 2008 in central Spain. Three birds (3.6%) had bone lead concentration > 20 mu g/g and all livers were within background lead concentration. Bone lead concentrations increased with the age of the birds and were correlated with lead concentration in rachis of secondary feathers. Spatial aggregation of elevated bone lead concentration was found in some areas of Montes de Toledo. Lead concentrations in feathers were positively associated with the density of large game animals in the area where birds were found dead or injured. Discontinuous lead exposure in eagles was evidenced by differences in lead concentration in longitudinal portions of the rachis of feathers. C1 [Rodriguez-Ramos Fernandez, Julia; Hoefle, Ursula; Mateo, Rafael] IREC UCLM CSIC JCCM, Natl Inst Game Res, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain. [Nicolas de Francisco, Olga] Ctr Recuperac Vallcalent, Lleida 25195, Cataluna, Spain. [Abbott, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Acevedo, Pelayo] Univ Malaga, Biogeog Divers & Conservat Res Team, Dept Anim Biol, Fac Sci, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Manuel Blanco, Juan] Ctr Estudios Rapaces Ibericas, Ctr Studies Iberian Raptors, Sevilleja De La Jara 45671, Spain. RP Fernandez, JRR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jrodriguez_ramos@yahoo.es RI Hofle, Ursula/F-8585-2013; Acevedo, Pelayo/L-6737-2013; Mateo, Rafael/A-3117-2011 OI Hofle, Ursula/0000-0002-6868-079X; Acevedo, Pelayo/0000-0002-3509-7696; Mateo, Rafael/0000-0003-1307-9152 FU Spanish Ministry of Science [CGL2007-62797]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion-Fondo Social Europeo; [CGL2009-11316-FEDER] FX Lead analyses performed at IREC were funded by a grant of the Spanish Ministry of Science (CGL2007-62797). P. Acevedo is currently holding a Juan de la Cierva research contract awarded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion-Fondo Social Europeo and partially by the project CGL2009-11316-FEDER. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Comments provided by C. Bunck, J.C. Franson and C.J. Johnson were appreciated. We would like to thank to EL Organismo Autonomo de Espacios Naturales de Castilla-La Mancha and EL Centro de Estudios de Rapaces Ibericas. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 670 EP 681 DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0607-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 760ND UT WOS:000290330100006 PM 21327487 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Grove, RA Kaiser, JL Johnson, BL Furl, CV Letcher, RJ AF Henny, Charles J. Grove, Robert A. Kaiser, James L. Johnson, Branden L. Furl, Chad V. Letcher, Robert J. TI Wastewater dilution index partially explains observed polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant concentrations in osprey eggs from Columbia River Basin, 2008-2009 SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Oregon; Washington; Idaho; Wastewater treatment plants; Biomagnification factors; Productivity; Dilution index ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GULL EGGS; BIRDS; TRENDS; OREGON; FISH; PREY AB Several polybrominated biphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were found in all 175 osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs collected from the Columbia River Basin between 2002 and 2009. I PBDE pound concentrations in 2008-2009 were highest in osprey eggs from the two lowest flow rivers studied; however, each river flowed through relatively large and populous metropolitan areas (Boise, Idaho and Spokane, Washington). We used the volume of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) discharge, a known source of PBDEs, as a measure of human activity at a location, and combined with river flow (both converted to millions of gallons/day) created a novel approach (an approximate Dilution Index) to relate waterborne contaminants to levels of these contaminants that reach avian eggs. This approach provided a useful understanding of the spatial osprey egg concentration patterns observed. Individual osprey egg concentrations along the Upper Willamette River co-varied with the Dilution Index, while combined egg data (geometric means) from rivers or segments of rivers showed a strong, significant relationship to the Dilution Index with one exception, the Boise River. There, we believe osprey egg concentrations were lower than expected because Boise River ospreys foraged perhaps 50-75% of the time off the river at ponds and lakes stocked with fish that contained relatively low I PBDE pound concentrations. Our limited temporal data at specific localities (2004-2009) suggests that I PBDE pound concentrations in osprey eggs peaked between 2005 and 2007, and then decreased, perhaps in response to penta- and octa-PBDE technical mixtures no longer being used in the USA after 2004. Empirical estimates of biomagnification factors (BMFs) from fish to osprey eggs were 3.76-7.52 on a wet weight (ww) basis or 4.37-11.0 lipid weight. Our earlier osprey study suggested that I PBDE pound egg concentrations > 1,000 ng/g ww may reduce osprey reproductive success. Only two of the study areas sampled in 2008-2009 contained individual eggs with I PBDE pound concentrations > 1,000 ng/g, and non-significant (P > 0.30) negative relationships were found between I PBDEs pound and reproductive success. Additional monitoring is required to confirm not only the apparent decline in PBDE concentrations in osprey eggs that occurred during this study, but also to better understand the relationship between PBDEs in eggs and reproductive success. C1 [Henny, Charles J.; Grove, Robert A.; Kaiser, James L.; Johnson, Branden L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Furl, Chad V.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Environm Assessment Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hennyc@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; Washington State Department of Ecology FX We thank the electric utility companies (Avista, Inland Power and Light, Idaho Power, Emerald People's Utility District, Eugene Water and Electric Board, Pacific Power and Light Company, Salem Electric, Portland General Electric Company, Consumers Power, Inc.) associated with all of the study areas for providing bucket trucks and personnel to access the nests on power poles. The US Coast Guard kindly permitted access to osprey nests built on navigation aids in the Columbia River. D. MacCoy (USGS) provided fish from the Boise River. We are grateful to the numerous landowners who permitted access to their property to survey nesting osprey. P. Haggerty (USGS) and C. Meredith (WSDE) kindly drafted the study area maps. D. Wise (USGS) provided Wastewater Treatment Plant discharge information. We acknowledge L. Periard and L. Gauthier in the Letcher Research Group (at NWRC, Ottawa) for chemical analysis of PBDEs. An earlier draft of the manuscript was improved by comments from G. Heinz, B. Rattner and R. Lazarus (all USGS). The study was funded by the US Geological Survey with the Spokane River study area partially funded by Washington State Department of Ecology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government or State of Washington. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 682 EP 697 DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0608-2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 760ND UT WOS:000290330100007 PM 21340556 ER PT J AU Foreman, CM Dieser, M Greenwood, M Cory, RM Laybourn-Parry, J Lisle, JT Jaros, C Miller, PL Chin, YP McKnight, DM AF Foreman, Christine M. Dieser, Markus Greenwood, Mark Cory, Rose M. Laybourn-Parry, Johanna Lisle, John T. Jaros, Christopher Miller, Penney L. Chin, Yu-Ping McKnight, Diane M. TI When a habitat freezes solid: microorganisms over-winter within the ice column of a coastal Antarctic lake SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; lake ice; microorganisms ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; MELTWATER PONDS; MICROBIAL MATS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SP NOV.; BACTERIA; SHELF; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB A major impediment to understanding the biology of microorganisms inhabiting Antarctic environments is the logistical constraint of conducting field work primarily during the summer season. However, organisms that persist throughout the year encounter severe environmental changes between seasons. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we collected ice core samples from Pony Lake in early November 2004 when the lake was frozen solid to its base, providing an archive for the biological and chemical processes that occurred during winter freezeup. The ice contained bacteria and virus-like particles, while flagellated algae and ciliates over-wintered in the form of inactive cysts and spores. Both bacteria and algae were metabolically active in the ice core melt water. Bacterial production ranged from 1.8 to 37.9 mu g C L-1 day-1. Upon encountering favorable growth conditions in the melt water, primary production ranged from 51 to 931 mu g C L-1 day-1. Because of the strong H(2)S odor and the presence of closely related anaerobic organisms assigned to Pony Lake bacterial 16S rRNA gene clones, we hypothesize that the microbial assemblage was strongly affected by oxygen gradients, which ultimately restricted the majority of phylotypes to distinct strata within the ice column. This study provides evidence that the microbial community over-winters in the ice column of Pony Lake and returns to a highly active metabolic state when spring melt is initiated. C1 [Foreman, Christine M.; Dieser, Markus] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Greenwood, Mark] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cory, Rose M.; Jaros, Christopher; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Laybourn-Parry, Johanna] Univ Bristol, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England. [Lisle, John T.] Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, USGS, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Miller, Penney L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Chin, Yu-Ping] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 285, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Foreman, CM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, 366 EPS Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM cforeman@montana.edu RI Cory, Rose/C-4198-2016; OI Foreman, Christine/0000-0003-0230-4692; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533; Cory, Rose/0000-0001-9867-7084 FU NSF [OPP-0338260, OPP-0338299, OPP-0338121, OPP-0338342] FX Logistical support was made available by Raytheon Polar Services and Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated. We are grateful to J. Guerard, K. Cawley, R. Fimmen, and the RPSC volunteer field assistants who aided our field work and the invaluable service provided by the PHI helicopter pilots. Funding for this project came from NSF OPP-0338260 to Y.-P.C., OPP-0338299 to D.M.M., OPP-0338121 to P.L.M., and OPP-0338342 to C.M.F. Any opinions, findings, or conclusions stated in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 76 IS 3 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01061.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 760HH UT WOS:000290314900001 PM 21276026 ER PT J AU Walther, DA Whiles, MR AF Walther, Denise A. Whiles, Matt R. TI Secondary production in a southern Illinois headwater stream: relationships between organic matter standing stocks and macroinvertebrate productivity SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aquatic invertebrate; detritus; wood; turnover; functional group ID RESOURCE LIMITATION; PRAIRIE STREAM; INVERTEBRATE PRODUCTION; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; TROPHIC BASIS; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEM; SYSTEM AB We quantified macroinvertebrate production and organic matter standing stocks in riffle/run and pool habitats for 2 y in 2 reaches of Big Creek, a 3(rd)-order stream in southern Illinois, USA. Habitat-weighted secondary production was 24.9 and 26.2 g ash-free dry mass (AFDM) m(-2) y(-1) in the upper and lower reaches, respectively, in year 1 of the study and 17.6 and 15.1 AFDM m(-2) y(-1) in year 2. Annual production to biomass (P/B) ratios of the macroinvertebrate assemblages ranged from 7 to 10. Collector-gatherers, which were dominated by nontanypodine Chironomidae and Oligochaeta, accounted for >60% of total habitat-weighted production in both reaches, and consumption estimates based on production efficiencies indicated they consumed high proportions of available organic matter resources <= 250 mu m. Macroinvertebrate production in Big Creek was strongly correlated with organic matter standing stocks, and our subsequent analyses of production and organic matter resources across several low-order North American streams suggested standing stocks of small wood, a relatively refractory component of organic matter, are an important component of the relationship between macroinvertebrate production and organic matter. However, the apparent influence of small wood on production may be related to associated physical characteristics of these streams, such as pH and canopy cover. Secondary production estimates in our data set were a function of both adjusted total organic matter exclusive of wood and wood standing stocks. Although production-organic matter relationships may be obscured by other factors at the local level, our results indicate that patterns of macroinvertebrate production across large geographic scales may be driven largely by the availability of detrital resources. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Walther, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99705 USA. EM denise.walther@yahoo.com; mwhiles@zoology.siu.edu FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources [C2000]; Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) Department of Zoology; SIUC FX This research was funded by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources C2000 and Pilot Watershed Programs, the Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) Department of Zoology, and the SIUC Women's Studies Program. We thank the late Phillip Otrich for his support of restoration efforts in Big Creek and for allowing us access to field sites. We also thank the late Don Hank la for his leadership in the restoration and research efforts in Big Creek. D. Day, D. Austen, and H. Dodd (Illinois Department of Natural Resources) provided valuable input during the development of this project. We thank S. D. Peterson, E. T. Volkman, T. Heatherly, M. L. Stone, and K. Emme for extensive field and laboratory assistance. M. Chadwick (University of Alabama) provided technical assistance with bootstrapping procedures. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 25 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 357 EP 373 DI 10.1899/10-006.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 760YQ UT WOS:000290361600003 ER PT J AU Shea, CP Peterson, JT Wisniewski, JM Johnson, NA AF Shea, Colin P. Peterson, James T. Wisniewski, Jason M. Johnson, Nathan A. TI Misidentification of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia:Unionidae): contributing factors, management implications, and potential solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE unionids; bias; false positive errors; species identification; natural resource management ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SHELL SCULPTURE; BIVALVIA; MODEL; BIAS; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; DESIGN; SPACE AB Surveys of freshwater mussel populations are used frequently to inform conservation decisions by providing information about the status and distribution of species. It is generally accepted that not all mussels or species are collected during surveys, and incomplete detection of individuals and species can bias data and can affect inferences. However, considerably less attention has been given to the potential effects of species misidentification. To evaluate the prevalence of and potential reasons for species misidentification, we conducted a laboratory-based identification exercise and quantified the relationships between mussel species characteristics, observer experience, and misidentification rate. We estimated that misidentification was fairly common, with rates averaging 27% across all species and ranging from 0 to 56%, and was related to mussel shell characteristics and observer experience. Most notably, species with shell texturing were 6.09x less likely than smooth-shelled species to be misidentified. Misidentification rates declined with observer experience, but for many species the risk of misidentification averaged >10% even for observers with moderate levels of experience (5-6 y). In addition, misidentification rates among observers showed substantial variability after controlling for experience. Our results suggest that species misidentification may be common in field surveys of freshwater mussels and could potentially bias estimates of population status and trends. Misidentification rates possibly could be reduced through use of regional workshops, testing and certification programs, and the availability of archived specimens and tissue samples in museum collections. C1 [Shea, Colin P.; Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wisniewski, Jason M.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA. [Johnson, Nathan A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, SE Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Shea, CP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cpshea@warnell.uga.edu; jt.peterson@oregonstate.edu; jason.wisniewski@dnr.state.ga.us; najohnson@usgs.gov OI Johnson, Nathan/0000-0001-5167-1988 FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Carson Stringfellow, Jim Williams, and Steve Golladay for organizing and coordinating the ACF Mussel Workshop. We are also indebted to the many workshop participants and the following people for helpful comments and suggestions: Brett Albanese, Andrea Crownhart, Justin Dycus, Krishna Pacifici, Guenter Schuster, and Chris Skelton. Earlier drafts of the manuscript were improved by suggestions from Jayne Brim Box, Michael J. Conroy, Mary C. Freeman, and 2 anonymous referees. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 21 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 446 EP 458 DI 10.1899/10-073.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 760YQ UT WOS:000290361600009 ER PT J AU Meador, JR Peterson, JT Wisniewski, JM AF Meador, Jason R. Peterson, James T. Wisniewski, Jason M. TI An evaluation of the factors influencing freshwater mussel capture probability, survival, and temporary emigration in a large lowland river SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Robust Design; Altamaha River; program MARK; estimation; sample design; unionid; Georgia; freshwater mussels ID RECAPTURE DESIGN; UNIONID MUSSELS; COASTAL-PLAIN; POPULATION; SALAMANDERS; BIVALVIA; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE AB The decline of freshwater mussels in the southeastern US emphasizes the need to evaluate the current status of mussel populations. We used the Robust Design, which is a capture recapture sampling design, to estimate demographic parameters (apparent survival and temporary emigration) and capture probabilities of Alasmidonta arcula, Lampsilis dolabraeformis, Lampsilis splendida, and Pyganodon gibbosa in a large lowland river in Georgia. Mussels were sampled in individual habitat units using line-transect methods at similar to 6-wk intervals from summer 2006-2007. We used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate the relative importance of maximum river discharge, habitat characteristics, mussel species, and season on temporary emigration (i.e., proportion of mussels not at the surface), apparent survival, and capture probability. The best-supported models indicated that apparent survival and capture probability varied positively with mussel shell length and among habitat types. Apparent survival (6-wk interval) ranged from 94 to 99% and was greatest in slackwater and lowest in swiftwater habitat. Capture probability ranged from 8 to 20% and was greatest in slackwater and lowest in swift-water habitat. Temporary emigration also varied among species and season and appeared to be related to reproductive behavior, with the largest proportion of mussels occurring at the surface when mussels appeared to be reproductively active. A comparison of catch-per-unit-effort indices to population estimates suggested that the reliability of catch-per-unit-effort indices was influenced by vertical migration behavior and other factors affecting mussel capture probability. C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wisniewski, Jason M.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM meadorj@warnell.uga.edu; jt.peterson@oregonstate.edu; jason.wisniewski@dnr.state.ga.us FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX We are indebted to many technicians, volunteers, and graduate students, including B. Albanese, S. Craven, M. Elliott, R. Fauver, L. Hunt, J. Olin, S. Pankey, S. Small, D. Weiler, and A. Wilson. Funding and logistical support for this project was provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Nongame Conservation Section and the State Wildlife Grants Program. The manuscript was improved with suggestions from B. Albanese, M. Conroy, C. Shea, D. Smith, and anonymous referees. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 35 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 507 EP 521 DI 10.1899/10-105.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 760YQ UT WOS:000290361600014 ER PT J AU Hansen, ES Budy, P AF Hansen, Eriek S. Budy, Phaedra TI The potential of passive stream restoration to improve stream habitat and minimize the impact of fish disease: a short-term assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stream restoration; passive; in-stream habitat; synergistic effects; disease management; livestock exclusion; riparian vegetation; native fishes ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; SALMONID WHIRLING DISEASE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RIVER RESTORATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN; ECOLOGY AB We evaluated the potential of habitat restoration to improve stream and riparian habitat and to minimize the prevalence of whirling disease in a population of native cutthroat trout in northern Utah. We fenced 67 ha of riparian habitat to exclude livestock and measured key response variables at impact and control sites before and after the completion of the exclosure. Total N concentrations decreased in response to the exclusion. Over this short time period (1-2 y postrestoration), the combination of natural variability and exclusion of livestock grazing appeared to alter the vegetation and riparian conditions through increased bank stability and decreased % cover of exotic plant species. The effect of the exclosure on whirling disease was confounded by climatic variation. However, restoration appeared to reduce the prevalence of whirling disease during a nondrought year, but not during a drought year. Therefore, in the short term, these beneficial effects of restoration on trout appeared to hinge on favorable climatic conditions. We expect the longer-term restoration response to be affected less than the short-term response by climatic conditions. The results of our study indicate that passive stream restoration is an effective management approach for restoring stream habitat and has the potential to minimize interactive effects of disease and habitat degradation, especially when other options for disease management are not possible or practical. C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Intermt Ctr River Rehabil & Restorat, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM eriek_hansen@hotmail.com; phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR) [F-47-R]; Utah Division of Water Quality, Environmental Protection Agency [319] FX Our research was funded primarily by Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), Project XV, Sport Fisheries Research, Grant Number F-47-R, Amendment 20, and by the Utah Division of Water Quality, Environmental Protection Agency Clean Water Act Section 319. Additional contributions were made by Utah State University, US Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Cache Anglers Chapter of Trout Unlimited (TU), Logan Ranger District Cache National Forest US Forest Service, UDWR Dedicated Hunter Program, Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit USFS, TU Embrace-a-Stream Program, UDWR Blue Ribbon Fisheries Program, John Carter and Western Watersheds, Bonneville Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Utah Council of TU, Weber Basin Anglers Chapter of TU, The Stonefly Society, Bridgerland Audubon Society, Bridgerland Outdoor Coalition, and Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife. Specifically, we offer sincere gratitude to Paul Chase (USFS), Chris Thomas (Cache Anglers), and Chris Wilson (UDWR, FES) for spearheading the exclosure project and evaluation, raising >200,000 USD, and enduring endless and painful negotiations with all the political entities involved. We also thank Gary Thiede, Charles (Chuck) Hawkins, John (Jack) C. Schmidt, and numerous UDWR Fisheries Experiment Station (FES) staff and other volunteers and technicians for scientific and logistical contributions and general support. Brett Roper, Ronald Ryel, Scott Miller, Gary Thiede, and anonymous referees reviewed previous drafts of this manuscript and provided constructive criticism and insight. NR 65 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 33 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1899/10-018.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 760YQ UT WOS:000290361600019 ER PT J AU Wiseman, S Jorgensen, EH Maule, AG Vijayan, MM AF Wiseman, Steve Jorgensen, Even H. Maule, Alec G. Vijayan, Mathilakath M. TI Contaminant loading in remote Arctic lakes affects cellular stress-related proteins expression in feral charr SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cyp1A; hsp70; Glucocorticoid receptor; Salvelinus alpinus; PCB; Salmonid; Fish ID BJORNOYA BEAR ISLAND; HEAT-SHOCK; POLLUTANTS; FISH AB The remote Arctic lakes on Bjornoya Island, Norway, offer a unique opportunity to study possible affect of lifelong contaminant exposure in wild populations of landlocked Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). This is because Lake Ellasjoen has persistent organic pollutant (POP) levels that are significantly greater than in the nearby Lake yangen. We examined whether this differential contaminant loading was reflected in the expression of protein markers of exposure and effect in the native fish. We assessed the expressions of cellular stress markers, including cytochrome P4501A (Cyp1A), heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in feral charr from the two lakes. The average polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) load in the charr liver from Ellasjoen was approximately 25-fold higher than in individuals from yangen. Liver Cyp1A protein expression was significantly higher in individuals from Ellasjoen compared with yangen, confirming differential PCB exposure. There was no significant difference in hsp70 protein expression in charr liver between the two lakes. However, brain hsp70 protein expression was significantly elevated in charr from Ellasjoen compared with yangen. Also, liver GR protein expression was significantly higher in the Ellasjoen charr compared with yangen charr. Taken together, our results suggest changes to cellular stress-related protein expression as a possible adaptation to chronic-contaminant exposure in feral charr in the Norwegian high-Arctic. C1 [Wiseman, Steve; Vijayan, Mathilakath M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Jorgensen, Even H.] Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, Tromso, Norway. [Maule, Alec G.] USGS, Cook, TN USA. RP Vijayan, MM (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM mvijayan@uwaterloo.ca OI Wiseman, Steve/0000-0002-8215-2272 FU Norwegian Research Council [114263/720]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada) FX We thank Guttorm Christensen and Anita Evenset who collected the fish tissue samples for us at Bjornoya Island. The study was funded by the Norwegian Research Council, project no. 114263/720 and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada) discovery grant. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 6 BP 933 EP 937 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0939-0 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 760NP UT WOS:000290331300014 ER PT J AU Hahn, DC Reisen, WK AF Hahn, D. Caldwell Reisen, William K. TI Heightened Exposure to Parasites Favors the Evolution of Immunity in Brood Parasitic Cowbirds SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ecoimmunology; Brood parasitism; Cowbird; West Nile virus; Parasite-mediated selection; Evolution of immunity ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; NEW-WORLD BLACKBIRDS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; CALIFORNIA BIRDS; LIFE-HISTORY; AVIAN HOST; TRADE-OFFS AB Immunologists and evolutionary biologists are interested in how the immune system evolves to fit an ecological niche. We studied the relationship between exposure to parasites and strength of immunity by investigating the response of two species of New World cowbirds (genus Molothrus, Icteridae), obligate brood parasites with contrasting life history strategies, to experimental arboviral infection. The South American shiny cowbird (M. bonariensis) is an extreme host-generalist that lays its eggs in the nests of > 225 different avian species. The Central American bronzed cowbird (M. aeneus) is a relative host-specialist that lays its eggs preferentially in the nests of approximately 12 orioles in a single sister genus. West Nile virus provided a strong challenge and delineated immune differences between these species. The extreme host-generalist shiny cowbird, like the North American host-generalist, the brown-headed cowbird, showed significantly lower viremia to three arboviruses than related icterid species that were not brood parasites. The bronzed cowbird showed intermediate viremia. These findings support the interpretation that repeated exposure to a high diversity of parasites favors the evolution of enhanced immunity in brood parasitic cowbirds and makes them useful models for future studies of innate immunity. C1 [Hahn, D. Caldwell] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hahn, DC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM chahn@usgs.gov FU National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH [RO1-39483, RO1-AI47855, AI55607]; Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX We thank Katsi Ramos Alvarez and Marilyn Colon, Division Recursos Terrestre, Puerto Rico for making shiny cowbirds available and arranging transport, and Scott Summers, The Nature Conservancy of Texas, for making bronzed cowbirds available and arranging transport. This research was funded, in part, by Research Grants RO1-39483, RO1-AI47855, and AI55607 from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, the Coachella Valley and Kern Mosquito and Vector Control Districts, special funds for the Mosquito Research Program allocated annually through the Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, and by base funds from USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank staff of the Center for Vectorborne Diseases for excellent technical support: V.M. Martinez, H.D. Lothrop, S.S. Wheeler and B.D. Carroll assisted with bird collections; V.M. Martinez assisted with bird maintenance and bleeding; and Y. Fang, M. Shafii, S. Garcia, R.E. Chiles and S. Ashtari assisted with laboratory diagnostics. We thank R.B. Payne, S.M. Lanyon, D. Mock, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0071-3260 EI 1934-2845 J9 EVOL BIOL JI Evol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s11692-011-9112-0 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 756TW UT WOS:000290038600008 ER PT J AU Suleimani, E Nicolsky, DJ Haeussler, PJ Hansen, R AF Suleimani, Elena Nicolsky, Dmitry J. Haeussler, Peter J. Hansen, Roger TI Combined Effects of Tectonic and Landslide-Generated Tsunami Runup at Seward, Alaska During the M (W) 9.2 1964 Earthquake SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; runup; inundation; numerical modeling; 1964 Alaska Earthquake; submarine landslides; Resurrection Bay; Seward ID WILLIAM-SOUND EARTHQUAKE; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; WAVES; INVERSION; MUDSLIDE AB We apply a recently developed and validated numerical model of tsunami propagation and runup to study the inundation of Resurrection Bay and the town of Seward by the 1964 Alaska tsunami. Seward was hit by both tectonic and landslide-generated tsunami waves during the M-W 9.2 1964 megathrust earthquake. The earthquake triggered a series of submarine mass failures around the fjord, which resulted in landsliding of part of the coastline into the water, along with the loss of the port facilities. These submarine mass failures generated local waves in the bay within 5 min of the beginning of strong ground motion. Recent studies estimate the total volume of underwater slide material that moved in Resurrection Bay to be about 211 million m(3) (Haeussler et al. in Submarine mass movements and their consequences, pp 269-278, 2007). The first tectonic tsunami wave arrived in Resurrection Bay about 30 min after the main shock and was about the same height as the local landslide-generated waves. Our previous numerical study, which focused only on the local landslide-generated waves in Resurrection Bay, demonstrated that they were produced by a number of different slope failures, and estimated relative contributions of different submarine slide complexes into tsunami amplitudes (Suleimani et al. in Pure Appl Geophys 166:131-152, 2009). This work extends the previous study by calculating tsunami inundation in Resurrection Bay caused by the combined impact of landslide-generated waves and the tectonic tsunami, and comparing the composite inundation area with observations. To simulate landslide tsunami runup in Seward, we use a viscous slide model of Jiang and LeBlond (J Phys Oceanogr 24(3):559-572, 1994) coupled with nonlinear shallow water equations. The input data set includes a high resolution multibeam bathymetry and LIDAR topography grid of Resurrection Bay, and an initial thickness of slide material based on pre- and post-earthquake bathymetry difference maps. For simulation of tectonic tsunami runup, we derive the 1964 coseismic deformations from detailed slip distribution in the rupture area, and use them as an initial condition for propagation of the tectonic tsunami. The numerical model employs nonlinear shallow water equations formulated for depth-averaged water fluxes, and calculates a temporal position of the shoreline using a free-surface moving boundary algorithm. We find that the calculated tsunami runup in Seward caused first by local submarine landslide-generated waves, and later by a tectonic tsunami, is in good agreement with observations of the inundation zone. The analysis of inundation caused by two different tsunami sources improves our understanding of their relative contributions, and supports tsunami risk mitigation in south-central Alaska. The record of the 1964 earthquake, tsunami, and submarine landslides, combined with the high-resolution topography and bathymetry of Resurrection Bay make it an ideal location for studying tectonic tsunamis in coastal regions susceptible to underwater landslides. C1 [Suleimani, Elena; Nicolsky, Dmitry J.; Hansen, Roger] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] Alaska Sci Ctr, USGS, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Suleimani, E (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM elena@gi.alaska.edu RI Nicolsky, Dmitry/I-1877-2012; OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU NOAA through Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research [27-014d, 06-028a]; High Performance Computing resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks as part of the US Department of Defense FX This study was supported by NOAA grants 27-014d and 06-028a through Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research. We thank Prof. Efim Pelinovsky and one anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions that improved this manuscript. Dr. Alexander Rabinovich gave us a number of critical comments and valuable recommendations that we greatly appreciate. The authors also thank Eric Geist and Jason Chaytor for their thorough and constructive reviews. We are grateful to Prof. Jeff Freymueller for valuable discussions, and to Dr. Hisashi Suito for providing us with parameters of his model. Numerical calculations for this work are supported by a grant of High Performance Computing resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks as part of the US Department of Defense HPC Modernization Program. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 168 IS 6-7 BP 1053 EP 1074 DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0228-4 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 753QM UT WOS:000289794700007 ER PT J AU Borrero, JC McAdoo, B Jaffe, B Dengler, L Gelfenbaum, G Higman, B Hidayat, R Moore, A Kongko, W Lukijanto Peters, R Prasetya, G Titov, V Yulianto, E AF Borrero, Jose C. McAdoo, Brian Jaffe, Bruce Dengler, Lori Gelfenbaum, Guy Higman, Bretwood Hidayat, Rahman Moore, Andrew Kongko, Widjo Lukijanto Peters, Robert Prasetya, Gegar Titov, Vasily Yulianto, Eko TI Field Survey of the March 28, 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake and Tsunami SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; earthquake; Sumatra; subduction zone; natural hazards; hazard mitigation ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; SUMATRA; DECEMBER-2004; MEGATHRUST; BENGKULU; WAVE AB On the evening of March 28, 2005 at 11:09 p.m. local time (16:09 UTC), a large earthquake occurred offshore of West Sumatra, Indonesia. With a moment magnitude (M (w)) of 8.6, the event caused substantial shaking damage and land level changes between Simeulue Island in the north and the Batu Islands in the south. The earthquake also generated a tsunami, which was observed throughout the source region as well as on distant tide gauges. While the tsunami was not as extreme as the tsunami of December 26th, 2004, it did cause significant flooding and damage at some locations. The spatial and temporal proximity of the two events led to a unique set of observational data from the earthquake and tsunami as well as insights relevant to tsunami hazard planning and education efforts. C1 [Borrero, Jose C.] ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. [Borrero, Jose C.] Univ So Calif, Tsunami Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [McAdoo, Brian] Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Jaffe, Bruce; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Peters, Robert] Pacific Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Dengler, Lori] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Higman, Bretwood] Univ Washington, Dept Earth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hidayat, Rahman; Kongko, Widjo; Lukijanto; Prasetya, Gegar] Coastal Engn Lab BPPT, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. [Moore, Andrew] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Titov, Vasily] NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Titov, Vasily] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yulianto, Eko] Indonesian Inst Sci, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Hidayat, Rahman] UNU ISP, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1508925, Japan. RP Borrero, JC (reprint author), ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. EM jborrero@usc.edu RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU University of Southern California; National Science Foundation; USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; US Geological Survey; Vassar College FX The authors would like to acknowledge Captain Lee Clarke, First Mate Darren Stockwell and the crew of the M.V. Seimoa for their efforts in making the voyage safe and successful. Anthony Marcotti and Jordan Heuer of Saraina Koat Mentawai Surf Charters were instrumental in organizing the trip's complicated logistics. The University of Southern California, the National Science Foundation, USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, the US Geological Survey and Vassar College provided funding for this study. Etienne Kingsley assisted in the field data collection effort. JCB would like to thank Dunstan and Trish Hogan for providing a tranquil location in St. Francis Beach, South Africa where significant progress in the preparation of this report for publication was made. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 168 IS 6-7 BP 1075 EP 1088 DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0218-6 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 753QM UT WOS:000289794700008 ER PT J AU Li, XX Bianchi, TS Yang, ZS Osterman, LE Allison, MA DiMarco, SF Yang, GP AF Li, Xinxin Bianchi, Thomas S. Yang, Zuosheng Osterman, Lisa E. Allison, Mead A. DiMarco, Steven F. Yang, Guipeng TI Historical trends of hypoxia in Changjiang River estuary: Applications of chemical biomarkers and microfossils SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Foraminifera; Chemical biomarkers; Paleo-reconstruction; Changjiang River ID EAST CHINA SEA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING CRENARCHAEOTA; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; YANGTZE-RIVER; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; WATER COLUMN; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS AB Over the past two decades China has become the largest global consumer of fertilizers, which has enhanced river nutrient fluxes and caused eutrophication and hypoxia in the Yangtze (Changjiang) large river delta-front estuary (LDE). In this study, we utilized plant pigments, lignin-phenols, stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) and foraminiferal microfossils in Pb-210 dated cores to examine the history of hypoxia in the Changjiang LDE. Two sediment cores were collected onboard R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 using a stainless-steel box-corer; one at a water depth of 24.7 m on Jun. 15, 2006 and the other at 52 m on Nov. 20, 2007, both in the hypoxic region off the Changjiang LDE. There has been a significant increase in the abundance of plant pigments after 1979 that are indicators of enhanced diatom and cyanobacterial abundance, which agrees with post-1980 record of increasing nutrient loads in the Changjiang River. The increased inputs of terrestrially derived materials to the LDE are largely woody plant sources and most likely due to deforestation that began in the early 1950s. However, post-1960 lignin data did not reflect enhanced loading of woody materials despite continued deforestation possibly due to increased trapping from greater dam construction, a reduction of deforestation in the drainage basin since the last 1990s, and soil conservation practices. The lack of linkages between bulk indices (stable isotopes, % OC, molar C/N ratios) and microfossil/chemical biomarkers may reflect relative differences in the amount of carbon tracked by these different proxies. Although NO3- is likely responsible for most of the changes in phytoplankton production (post 1970s), historical changes in N loading from the watershed and hypoxia on the LDE shelf may not be as well linked in East China Sea (ECS) sediments due to possible denitrification/ammonification processes; finally, increases in low-oxygen tolerant foraminiferal microfossils indicate there has been an increase in the number of hypoxic bottom water events on the Changjiang LDE over the past 60 years. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Xinxin; Bianchi, Thomas S.; DiMarco, Steven F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, Xinxin; Yang, Guipeng] Ocean Univ China, Dept Marine Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Yang, Zuosheng] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Seafloor Sci & Explorat Technol, Coll Marine Geosci, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Osterman, Lisa E.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Allison, Mead A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Bianchi, TS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tbianchi@tamu.edu RI Allison, Mead/A-7208-2010; DiMarco, Steven/D-3650-2012 OI DiMarco, Steven/0000-0002-4394-9094 FU Texas A&M University Research Office; Chinese Scholarship Council FX We would like to thank Zhigang Guo from Fudan University for help in collection of the sediment core. Richard Smith, Kathryn Schreiner and Zhao Xu provided assistance in the lab and graphing. This work was supported in part by funding from Texas A&M University Research Office and the Chinese Scholarship Council. NR 93 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 3-4 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.003 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 750JV UT WOS:000289543300003 ER PT J AU Richards, TM Krebs, JM McIvor, CC AF Richards, Travis M. Krebs, Justin M. McIvor, Carole C. TI Microhabitat associations of a semi-terrestrial fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey 1880) in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest, west-central Florida SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CPUE; Crab burrow; Habitat use; Killifish; Leaf litter; Length-frequency; Mangrove rivulus; Trench trap ID RIVULUS-MARMORATUS; SALT-MARSH; HABITAT; KILLIFISH; NEKTON; SELECTION; PATTERNS; WETLANDS; GROWTH AB Mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) is one of the few species of fish that is semi-terrestrial and able to use exposed intertidal and potentially supratidal habitats for prolonged periods of time. Based on previous work demonstrating frequent use of subterranean crab burrows as well as damp leaf litter and logs, we examined the microhabitat associations of rivulus in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest on the Gulf coast of Florida near the northern limit of its distribution. We captured 161 rivulus on 20 dates between late April and mid-December 2007 using trench traps. Fish ranged in size from 7 to 35 mm SL. Peak abundance in midsummer coincided with recruitment of a new year-class. The three study sites occurred within 0.5 km of one another, and experienced similar water temperatures and salinities. Nevertheless, they differed in their degree of tidal inundation, standing stock of leaf litter, and density of entrances to fiddler crab burrows. We consistently observed the highest mean catches of rivulus away from permanent subtidal waters of mosquito ditches, at intermediate relative elevations, and where leaf litter was locally abundant. Density of entrances to crab burrows was apparently unrelated to rivulus distribution or abundance in these forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Richards, Travis M.] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. [Krebs, Justin M.] Jacobs Technol US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP McIvor, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM carole_mcivor@usgs.gov FU Tampa Bay Integrated Science Study; Eckerd College; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank several anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved this manuscript. We thank the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Program and Tampa Bay Integrated Science Study for funding this project. A cooperative undergraduate student internship program between Eckerd College and the U.S. Geological Survey supported T. Richards. We thank the State of Florida's Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (State of Florida Special Activity License #04SR-708B), Pinellas County and the Weedon Island Preserve, specifically Steven Harper, for permission to conduct this research. Bill Szelistowski provided valuable discussion to guide the study and Mann Greenwood, Ed Sherwood and an anonymous reviewer provided statistical advice. We thank Noah Hansen for assistance with field work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. [SS] NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAY 31 PY 2011 VL 401 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.03.003 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 771PJ UT WOS:000291172900007 ER PT J AU Aeby, GS Williams, GJ Franklin, EC Kenyon, J Cox, EF Coles, S Work, TM AF Aeby, Greta S. Williams, Gareth J. Franklin, Erik C. Kenyon, Jean Cox, Evelyn F. Coles, Steve Work, Thierry M. TI Patterns of Coral Disease across the Hawaiian Archipelago: Relating Disease to Environment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE; INDO-PACIFIC; ACROPORA-PALMATA; GROWTH ANOMALIES; REEF SYSTEM; KANEOHE BAY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PORITES-COMPRESSA; MODEL SELECTION; PALMYRA ATOLL AB In Hawaii, coral reefs occur across a gradient of biological (host abundance), climatic (sea surface temperature anomalies) and anthropogenic conditions from the human-impacted reefs of the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) to the pristine reefs of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Coral disease surveys were conducted at 142 sites from across the Archipelago and disease patterns examined. Twelve diseases were recorded from three coral genera (Porites, Montipora, Acropora) with Porites having the highest prevalence. Porites growth anomalies (PorGAs) were significantly more prevalent within and indicative of reefs in the MHI and Porites trematodiasis (PorTrm) was significantly more prevalent within and indicative of reefs in the NWHI. Porites tissue loss syndrome (PorTLS) was also important in driving regional differences but that relationship was less clear. These results highlight the importance of understanding disease ecology when interpreting patterns of disease occurrence. PorTrm is caused by a parasitic flatworm that utilizes multiple hosts during its life cycle (fish, mollusk and coral). All three hosts must be present for the disease to occur and higher host abundance leads to higher disease prevalence. Thus, a high prevalence of PorTrm on Hawaiian reefs would be an indicator of a healthy coral reef ecosystem. In contrast, the high occurrence of PorGAs within the MHI suggests that PorGAs are related, directly or indirectly, to some environmental co-factor associated with increased human population sizes. Focusing on the three indicator diseases (PorGAs, PorTrm, PorTLS) we used statistical modeling to examine the underlying associations between disease prevalence and 14 different predictor variables (biotic and abiotic). All three diseases showed positive associations with host abundance and negative associations with thermal stress. The association with human population density differed among disease states with PorGAs showing a positive and PorTrm showing a negative association, but no significant explanatory power was offered for PorTLS. C1 [Aeby, Greta S.; Franklin, Erik C.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Williams, Gareth J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Williams, Gareth J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kenyon, Jean] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kenyon, Jean] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Cox, Evelyn F.] Univ Hawaii W Oahu, Pearl City, HI USA. [Coles, Steve] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Aeby, GS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. EM greta@hawaii.edu; gareth@ucsd.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Kenyon, Jean/0000-0001-7682-475X FU Victoria University of Wellington (VUW); New Zealand International Doctoral Research Scholarship; Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology MOA; Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS5-03117] FX GW was supported by a Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) Vice-Chancellor's Strategic Research Scholarship and a New Zealand International Doctoral Research Scholarship. GA was supported by the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology MOA. Funding for this research came, in part, from the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative and the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology MOA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ships Oscar Elton Sette and Hi'ialakai, for logistic support and field assistance. The Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database (CoRTAD) was developed by the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. It was provided by the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/SatelliteData/Cortad/. Human population data was provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; United Nations Food and Agriculture Programme (FAO); and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) with funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract NAS5-03117 for the Continued Operation of the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). This manuscript was greatly improved by input from two anonymous reviewers. NR 90 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 31 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e20370 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0020370 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 770OP UT WOS:000291097600056 PM 21655248 ER PT J AU Pierce, KL Morgan, LA AF Pierce, Kenneth L. Morgan, Lisa A. TI Reply to the comment on the paper "Is the track of the Yellowstone hotspot driven by a deep mantle plume?-Review of volcanism, faulting, and uplift in light of new data" SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pierce, Kenneth L.; Morgan, Lisa A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Morgan, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 973 Fed Ctr,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lmorgan@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 30 PY 2011 VL 202 IS 3-4 BP 264 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.02.011 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 772OB UT WOS:000291242100009 ER PT J AU Sundareshwar, PV Upadhayay, S Abessa, M Honomichl, S Berdanier, B Spaulding, SA Sandvik, C Trennepohl, A AF Sundareshwar, P. V. Upadhayay, S. Abessa, M. Honomichl, S. Berdanier, B. Spaulding, S. A. Sandvik, C. Trennepohl, A. TI Didymosphenia geminata: Algal blooms in oligotrophic streams and rivers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERTIDAL MARSH SEDIMENTS; SALINITY GRADIENT; MICROBIAL MATS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; REDUCTION; BIOFILMS; ECOLOGY; QUALITY; IRON AB In recent decades, the diatom Didymosphenia geminata has emerged as nuisance species in river systems around the world. This periphytic alga forms large "blooms" in temperate streams, presenting a counterintuitive result: the blooms occur primarily in oligotrophic streams and rivers, where phosphorus (P) availability typically limits primary production. The goal of this study is to examine how high algal biomass is formed under low P conditions. We reveal a biogeochemical process by which D. geminata mats concentrate P from flowing waters. First, the mucopolysaccaride stalks of D. geminata adsorb both iron (Fe) and P. Second, enzymatic and bacterial processes interact with Fe to increase the biological availability of P. We propose that a positive feedback between total stalk biomass and high growth rate is created, which results in abundant P for cell division. The affinity of stalks for Fe in association with iron-phosphorus biogeochemistry suggest a resolution to the paradox of algal blooms in oliogotrophic streams and rivers. Citation: Sundareshwar, P. V., S. Upadhayay, M. Abessa, S. Honomichl, B. Berdanier, S. A. Spaulding, C. Sandvik, and A. Trennepohl (2011), Didymosphenia geminata: Algal blooms in oligotrophic streams and rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10405, doi:10.1029/2010GL046599. C1 [Sundareshwar, P. V.; Upadhayay, S.; Abessa, M.; Honomichl, S.; Sandvik, C.; Trennepohl, A.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Berdanier, B.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Spaulding, S. A.] US Geol Survey, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sundareshwar, PV (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM pvs@sdsmt.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0745690]; State of South Dakota; NASA [NCC5-588] FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant (DEB-0745690), the State of South Dakota Carbon Scientist fund, and NASA (NCC5-588). We thank Edward Duke for assistance with Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Rajesh Sani and Gursharan Singh for help with microbial assays. Jill Baron, Diane McKnight, and Shalini Kanekar provided helpful comments. We wish acknowledge the contributions of an anonymous reviewer whose comments significantly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L10405 DI 10.1029/2010GL046599 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 770PX UT WOS:000291102100001 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Hutchinson, DR Wu, SG Yang, SX Guo, YQ AF Wang, Xiujuan Hutchinson, Deborah R. Wu, Shiguo Yang, Shengxiong Guo, Yiqun TI Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PEARL RIVER MOUTH; LOWER CONGO BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BEARING SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; METHANE HYDRATE; SEISMIC DATA; NORTHERN CASCADIA; FLUID-FLOW AB Gas hydrate saturations were estimated using five different methods in silt and silty clay foraminiferous sediments from drill hole SH2 in the South China Sea. Gas hydrate saturations derived from observed pore water chloride values in core samples range from 10 to 45% of the pore space at 190-221 m below seafloor (mbsf). Gas hydrate saturations estimated from resistivity (R-t) using wireline logging results are similar and range from 10 to 40.5% in the pore space. Gas hydrate saturations were also estimated by P wave velocity obtained during wireline logging by using a simplified three-phase equation (STPE) and effective medium theory (EMT) models. Gas hydrate saturations obtained from the STPE velocity model (41.0% maximum) are slightly higher than those calculated with the EMT velocity model (38.5% maximum). Methane analysis from a 69 cm long depressurized core from the hydrate-bearing sediment zone indicates that gas hydrate saturation is about 27.08% of the pore space at 197.5 mbsf. Results from the five methods show similar values and nearly identical trends in gas hydrate saturations above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone at depths of 190 to 221 mbsf. Gas hydrate occurs within units of clayey slit and silt containing abundant calcareous nannofossils and foraminifer, which increase the porosities of the fine-grained sediments and provide space for enhanced gas hydrate formation. In addition, gas chimneys, faults, and fractures identified from three-dimensional (3-D) and high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) seismic data provide pathways for fluids migrating into the gas hydrate stability zone which transport methane for the formation of gas hydrate. Sedimentation and local canyon migration may contribute to higher gas hydrate saturations near the base of the stability zone. C1 [Wang, Xiujuan; Wu, Shiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Marine Geol & Environm, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiujuan; Wu, Shiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Hutchinson, Deborah R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Yang, Shengxiong; Guo, Yiqun] Guangzhou Marine Geol Survey, MLR, Guangzhou 510760, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Marine Geol & Environm, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. EM wangxiujuan@qdio.ac.cn FU National Basic Research Program [2009CB219505]; International Science & Technology Cooperation program of China [2010DFA21740]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40930845] FX We would like to thank the science team of the gas hydrate program expedition Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey-1 (GMGS-1). We are grateful to Myung Lee and Tim Collett for calculating gas hydrate saturations by the simplified three-phase equation model and discussing interpretations of the well log data. They provided many ideas about why the gas hydrate saturations are higher in fine-grained sediments in the South China Sea. We thank William Waite, Carolyn Ruppel, and Hailong Lu, who also discussed their thoughts about why higher gas hydrate saturation can occur in the fine-grained sediments and the models of gas hydrate-bearing sediment in other places. Myung Lee and Bill Dillon provided many helpful comments and suggestions in their review of the paper, which were much appreciated. We would like thank Kathy Rankin for many grammatical improvements. Fang Chen answered our many questions about mineral components at drilling sites, which was very helpful for us to interpret our data. We thank Ray Boswell and an anonymous reviewer and the Associate Editor for their thorough reviews and constructive comments. Our research is supported by the National Basic Research Program (2009CB219505), International Science & Technology Cooperation program of China (2010DFA21740), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (40930845). NR 96 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B05102 DI 10.1029/2010JB007944 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000291107000001 ER PT J AU Kline, RJ Khan, IA Holt, GJ AF Kline, Richard J. Khan, Izhar A. Holt, G. Joan TI Behavior, Color Change and Time for Sexual Inversion in the Protogynous Grouper (Epinephelus adscensionis) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; TELEOST SOCIAL SIGNAL; BLUEHEAD WRASSE; THALASSOMA-BIFASCIATUM; ANTHIAS-SQUAMIPINNIS; PISCES; FEMALE; DICHROMATISM; REPRODUCTION; SERRANIDAE AB Hermaphroditism, associated with territoriality and dominance behavior, is common in the marine environment. While male sex-specific coloration patterns have been documented in groupers, particularly during the spawning season, few data regarding social structure and the context for these color displays are available. In the present study, we define the social structure and male typical behavior of rock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis) in the wild. In addition, we detail the captive conditions and time period necessary to induce the onset of the sex-specific coloration and sexual change. At six oil production platform locations in the Gulf of Mexico, rock hind social group size and typical male rock hind social behavior were documented. We observed a rapid temporary color display in rock hind that could be turned on and off within three seconds and was used for confronting territory intruders and displays of aggression towards females. The male-specific "tuxedo" pattern consists of a bright yellow tail, a body with alternating dark brown and white patches and a dark bar extending from the upper mandible to the operculum. Identification and size ranges of male, female and intersex fish collected from oil platforms were determined in conjunction with gonadal histology. Rock hind social order is haremic with one dominant male defending a territory and a linear dominance hierarchy among individuals. In five captive experiments, the largest remaining female rock hind displayed the male specific color pattern within 32d after dominant male removal from the social group. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence in a grouper species of color patterning used to display territoriality and dominance outside of spawning aggregations. The behavioral paradigm described here is a key advance that will enable mechanistic studies of this complex sex change process. C1 [Kline, Richard J.; Holt, G. Joan] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Khan, Izhar A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM USA. RP Kline, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. EM rjkline@mail.utexas.edu OI Khan, Izhar/0000-0002-2811-6561 FU Lund Fellowship in Marine Science; Sid Richardson Foundation FX We acknowledge funding from the Lund Fellowship in Marine Science to RJK and from the Sid Richardson Foundation to GJH and IAK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 25 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19576 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019576 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 769IQ UT WOS:000291006500005 PM 21647429 ER PT J AU Majzlan, J Alpers, CN Koch, CB McCleskey, RB Myneni, SCB Neil, JM AF Majzlan, Juraj Alpers, Charles N. Koch, Christian Bender McCleskey, R. Blaine Myneni, Satish C. B. Neil, John M. TI Vibrational, X-ray absorption, and Mossbauer spectra of sulfate minerals from the weathered massive sulfide deposit at Iron Mountain, California SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Iron Mountain; Sulfate minerals; Infrared spectra; X-ray absorption spectra; Mossbauer spectra; Oxygen bridging ID HYDRATED FERRIC SULFATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; JAROSITE-GROUP; NEGATIVE PH; EDGE XANES; ALUNITE; CHEMISTRY AB The Iron Mountain Mine Superfund site in California is a prime example of an acid mine drainage (AMD) system with well developed assemblages of sulfate minerals typical for such settings. Here we present and discuss the vibrational (infrared), X-ray absorption, and Mossbauer spectra of a number of these phases, augmented by spectra of a few synthetic sulfates related to the AMD phases. The minerals and related phases studied in this work are (in order of increasing Fe(2)O(3)/FeO): szomolnokite, rozenite, siderotil, halotrichite, riimerite, voltaite, copiapite, monoclinic Fe(2)(SO(4))(3), Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)center dot 5H(2)O, kornelite, coquimbite, Fe (SO(4))(OH), jarosite and rhomboclase. Fourier transform infrared spectra in the region 750-4000 cm(-1) are presented for all studied phases. Position of the FTIR bands is discussed in terms of the vibrations of sulfate ions, hydroxyl groups, and water molecules. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra were collected for selected samples. The feature of greatest interest is a series of weak pre-edge peaks whose position is determined by the number of bridging oxygen atoms between Fe(3+) octahedra and sulfate tetrahedra. Mossbauer spectra of selected samples were obtained at room temperature and 80K for ferric minerals jarosite and rhomboclase and mixed ferric-ferrous minerals romerite, voltaite, and copiapite. Values of Fe(2+)/[Fe(2+) Fe(3+)] determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy agree well with those determined by wet chemical analysis. The data presented here can be used as standards in spectroscopic work where spectra of well-characterized compounds are required to identify complex mixtures of minerals and related phases. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Majzlan, Juraj] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Koch, Christian Bender] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Basic Sci & Environm, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Myneni, Satish C. B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Neil, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Majzlan, J (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, Burgweg 11, D-07749 Jena, Germany. EM Juraj.Majzlan@uni-jena.de RI Koch, Christian /C-7070-2013; OI Koch, Christian /0000-0002-7496-297X; Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 74 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 24 PY 2011 VL 284 IS 3-4 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.008 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 774JI UT WOS:000291381100009 ER PT J AU Kong, WG Wang, A Chou, IM AF Kong, W. G. Wang, Alian Chou, I-Ming TI Experimental determination of the phase boundary between kornelite and pentahydrated ferric sulfate at 0.1 MPa SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrous ferric sulfates; Experiment; Kornelite; Pentahydrate; Phase boundary ID HUMIDITY-BUFFER TECHNIQUE; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; THERMODYNAMIC DATA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; IRON MOUNTAIN; SULFURIC-ACID; NEGATIVE PH; EQUILIBRIA; MARS; SYSTEM AB Recent findings of various ferric sulfates on Mars emphasize the importance of understanding the fundamental properties of ferric sulfates at temperatures relevant to that of Martian surface. In this study, the phase boundary between kornelite (Fe-2(SO4)(3)center dot 7H(2)O) and pentahydrated ferric sulfate (Fe-2(SO4)(3)center dot 5H(2)O) was experimentally determined using the humidity-buffer technique together with gravimetric measurements and Raman spectroscopy at 0.1 MPa in the 36-56 degrees C temperature range. Through the thermodynamic analysis of our experimental data, the enthalpy change (-290.8 +/- 0.3 kJ/mol) and the Gibbs free energy change (-238.82 +/- 0.02 kJ/mol) for each water molecule of crystallization in the rehydration of pentahydrated ferric sulfate to kornelite were obtained. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kong, W. G.] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Kong, W. G.; Wang, Alian] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kong, W. G.; Wang, Alian] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kong, WG (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. EM gavink@levee.wustl.edu FU Chinese Scholarship Council; NASA [NNX07AQ34G, NNX10AM89G] FX We thank Jill D. Pasteris and Randy L Korotev for their help on providing some essential experimental equipment. We thank Harvey Belkin and Rob Robinson of USGS for their critical reviews. We highly appreciate the constructive suggestions from Jeremy Fein and two anonymous reviewers for the improvement of our manuscript. We thank Randy L Korotev for correcting the grammar errors of this manuscript. This study was supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (to WGK) and two NASA Mars Fundamental Research projects (NNX07AQ34G and NNX10AM89G). The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 24 PY 2011 VL 284 IS 3-4 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.014 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 774JI UT WOS:000291381100013 ER PT J AU Murphy, PJ St-Hilaire, S Corn, PS AF Murphy, Peter J. St-Hilaire, Sophie Corn, Paul Stephen TI Temperature, hydric environment, and prior pathogen exposure alter the experimental severity of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Boreal toads; Disease severity; Chytridiomycosis; Temperature; Moisture; Acquired immunity ID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS INFECTION; GLOBAL AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; SKIN PEPTIDE DEFENSES; CHYTRID FUNGUS; BODY TEMPERATURES; BUFO-BOREAS; DISEASE; FROG; HABITATS; DNA AB Prevalence of the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), implicated in amphibian population declines worldwide, is associated with habitat moisture and temperature, but few studies have varied these factors and measured the response to infection in amphibian hosts. We evaluated how varying humidity, contact with water, and temperature affected the manifestation of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads Anaxyrus (Bufo) boreas boreas and how prior exposure to Bd affects the likelihood of survival after re-exposure, such as may occur seasonally in long-lived species. Humidity did not affect survival or the degree of Bd infection, but a longer time in contact with water increased the likelihood of mortality. After exposure to similar to 10(6) Bd zoospores, all toads in continuous contact with water died within 30 d. Moreover, Bd-exposed toads that were disease-free after 64 d under dry conditions, developed lethal chytridiomycosis within 70 d of transfer to wet conditions. Toads in unheated aquaria (mean = 15 degrees C) survived less than 48 d, while those in moderately heated aquaria (mean = 18 degrees C) survived 115 d post-exposure and exhibited behavioral fever, selecting warmer sites across a temperature gradient. We also found benefits of prior Bd infection: previously exposed toads survived 3 times longer than Bd-naive toads after re-exposure to 10(6) zoospores (89 vs. 30 d), but only when dry microenvironments were available. This study illustrates how the outcome of Bd infection in boreal toads is environmentally dependent: when continuously wet, high reinfection rates may overwhelm defenses, but periodic drying, moderate warming, and previous infection may allow infected toads to extend their survival. C1 [Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Murphy, Peter J.; St-Hilaire, Sophie] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Murphy, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, MS 186, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM pjmurphy@unr.edu FU USGS Park [77-NRMS]; NSF [SBE-0620073]; Idaho State University FX We thank M. Kelemete, R. Marcum, D. Baumer, and A. Wilson for help with animal husbandry. E. Davinroy and the Colorado Division of Wildlife provided animals from the John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species Restoration Facility. This project was funded by USGS Park-Oriented Biological Support (#77-NRMS), WeLEAD (NSF seed grant SBE-0620073), and Idaho State University. Protocols were approved by the ISU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (#610). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 24 PY 2011 VL 95 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.3354/dao02336 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 768SE UT WOS:000290957500004 PM 21797033 ER PT J AU Talbott, MJ Van Eenennaam, JP Linares-Casenave, J Doroshov, SI Guy, CS Struffenegger, P Webb, MAH AF Talbott, Mariah J. Van Eenennaam, Joel P. Linares-Casenave, Javier Doroshov, Serge I. Guy, Christopher S. Struffenegger, Peter Webb, Molly A. H. TI Investigating the use of plasma testosterone and estradiol-17 beta to detect ovarian follicular atresia in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sturgeon; Caviar; Ovarian atresia; Plasma steroids ID SEX STEROIDS; STELLATUS PALLAS; FINAL MATURATION; CONSERVATION; INDICATORS; PROFILES; PERSICUS; REGIME; STRESS; SALMON AB To improve quality and yield of caviar in farmed white sturgeon it is essential to correctly assess the stage of ovarian maturity and avoid harvesting females with atretic ovarian follicles. To detect atresia by changes in blood plasma sex steroids, individual females (N = 10) in the late phase of oogenesis were repeatedly bled and their ovaries biopsied before and after onset of ovarian atresia. Follicular atresia was induced by transferring females from cold (10-13 degrees C) to warm water (20 degrees C). Ovarian follicle diameter increased and oocyte polarization index decreased in sampled fish over time. Plasma testosterone concentrations in fish with normal follicles were significantly higher, compared to fish with early histological signs of follicular atresia, such as structural changes in the chorion. Plasma estradiol concentrations declined to below detection limit prior to histological signs of atresia in 55% of the fish. Ninety five percent of fish with normal ovarian follicles and 93% of fish with atretic ovarian follicles were correctly classified using a discriminant function analysis based upon plasma testosterone concentrations. Logistic regression models were developed to predict the probability of normal ovaries based on plasma concentrations of sex steroids and can be further refined to improve selection of fish with normal ovaries for caviar harvest. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Talbott, Mariah J.; Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Van Eenennaam, Joel P.; Linares-Casenave, Javier; Doroshov, Serge I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Struffenegger, Peter] Sterling Caviar, Elverta, CA 95626 USA. RP Webb, MAH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM Molly_Webb@fws.gov FU Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2007-38500-18593] FX The authors greatly appreciate Mark Greenwood and Olga Vsevolozhskaya for statistical counseling and Peter Brown for assistance with graphing logistic regressions. This study was funded by a grant from the Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under grant number 2007-38500-18593. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 21 PY 2011 VL 315 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.041 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 768JO UT WOS:000290930500016 ER PT J AU Servid, SA Talbott, MJ Van Eenennaam, JP Doroshov, SI Struffenegger, P Webb, MAH Cavinato, AG AF Servid, Sarah A. Talbott, Mariah J. Van Eenennaam, Joel P. Doroshov, Serge I. Struffenegger, Peter Webb, Molly A. H. Cavinato, Anna G. TI Rapid noninvasive characterization of ovarian follicular atresia in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) by near infrared spectroscopy SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Atresia; Short-wavelength NIR spectroscopy; Non-destructive analysis; Caviar; Farmed sturgeon; SIMCA ID HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION; 600-1100 NM; CANCER; TEMPERATURE; BREAST; TISSUE; WILD; LIVE; FAT AB We report a rapid and noninvasive method based on short wavelength near infrared (SW-NIR) spectroscopy to detect onset of atresia in farmed white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) (N=10). The only current means to assess follicular atresia is by direct oocyte examination which requires a surgical biopsy of the ovary. In this study, abdominal scans were collected noninvasively by SW-NIR on anesthetized females using a diffuse reflectance fiber optic probe. In addition, to further verify the ability to detect spectroscopical changes related to onset of atresia, during each sampling roughly 30 cm(3) of ovarian follicles was surgically removed from each female and transferred to a Teflon holder for spectral acquisition. Comparison of spectra collected on normal or atretic fish or ovarian follicles was conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Principal components suggest that the best indicator of atresia onset is a decrease in the intensity of the lipid bands at 930 nm. Prediction models for atresia were constructed using Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) with leave-one-out cross validation. Seventy one percent of all atretic spectra and 65% of normal spectra collected on ovarian follicles were correctly classified. Exclusion of spectra from two potential outlier fish improved the predictability of normal ovarian follicles to 76%. Similarly, 72% of all atretic spectra and 59% of all normal spectra collected noninvasively in whole fish were correctly classified. Exclusion from the model of spectra from the same two outlier fish improved prediction of atresia from 72% to 75% as well as improving the prediction of normal spectra from 59% to 62%. This study represents the first example of using a noninvasive approach based on SW-NIR to detect onset of atresia in female sturgeon. Upon further development, this approach may potentially replace the need for surgical biopsy to detect ovarian regression. The availability of the proposed spectroscopic approach would grant sturgeon growers a powerful tool to follow more closely the maturation cycle with the goal of producing a consistently uniform product, standardize processing conditions, and maximize caviar yield by harvesting fish when the ovarian follicles have the appropriate firmness and a larger size. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Servid, Sarah A.; Cavinato, Anna G.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Talbott, Mariah J.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Van Eenennaam, Joel P.; Doroshov, Serge I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Struffenegger, Peter] Sterling Caviar LLC, Elverta, CA 95626 USA. [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Cavinato, AG (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1 Univ Blvd, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM acavinat@eou.edu FU Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2007-38500-18593] FX This study was funded by a grant from the Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under grant number 2007-38500-18593. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 21 PY 2011 VL 315 IS 3-4 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.11.052 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 768JO UT WOS:000290930500017 ER PT J AU Lu, XN Webb, MAH Talbott, MJ Van Eenennaam, JP Doroshov, SI Rasco, BA AF Lu, Xiaonan Webb, Molly A. H. Talbott, Mariah J. Van Eenennaam, Joel P. Doroshov, Serge I. Rasco, Barbara A. TI A study of biochemical parameters associated with ovarian atresia and quality of caviar in farmed white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE FT-IR; Sturgeon; Atresia; Plasma; Caviar ID RAINBOW-TROUT LIVER; APPLE JUICE; ALICYCLOBACILLUS STRAINS; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; OOCYTE MATURATION; STRETCHING BANDS; YOLK PROTEINS; VITELLOGENIN; GONADOTROPINS; SPECTRA AB Morphological and biochemical changes in white sturgeon (N = 11) plasma and ovarian follicles were monitored during late vitellogenesis and follicular atresia using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR. 4000-400 cm(-1)). with the objective to predict ovarian regression. Spectral features of plasma were correlated with ovarian follicular atresia based upon changes in spectra of sex steroids and vitellogenin. Principal Component Analysis could differentiate ovarian maturity during vitellogenesis and onset and progression of ovarian regression. It was possible to predict the ovarian conditions (late vitellogenesis vs. early atresia) about 70% of the time using Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy models. We conclude that FT-IR spectroscopy provides a useful tool for predicting ovarian maturity and optimal time of roe harvest. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lu, Xiaonan; Rasco, Barbara A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Talbott, Mariah J.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Van Eenennaam, Joel P.; Doroshov, Serge I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rasco, BA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, POB 646376, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rasco@wsu.edu FU Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2007-38500-18593] FX This study was funded by a grant from the Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under grant number 2007-38500-18593. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 21 PY 2011 VL 315 IS 3-4 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.048 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 768JO UT WOS:000290930500018 ER PT J AU Lynch, HJ Grant, EHC Muneepeerakul, R Arunachalam, M Rodriguez-Iturbe, I Fagan, WF AF Lynch, Heather J. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Muneepeerakul, Rachata Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio Fagan, William F. TI How restructuring river connectivity changes freshwater fish biodiversity and biogeography SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NETWORK STRUCTURE; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; EXTINCTION RISK; NEUTRAL MODEL; LIFE-HISTORY; LANDSCAPE AB Interbasin water transfer projects, in which river connectivity is restructured via man-made canals, are an increasingly popular solution to address the spatial mismatch between supply and demand of fresh water. However, the ecological consequences of such restructuring remain largely unexplored, and there are no general theoretical guidelines from which to derive these expectations. River systems provide excellent opportunities to explore how network connectivity shapes habitat occupancy, community dynamics, and biogeographic patterns. We apply a neutral model (which assumes competitive equivalence among species within a stochastic framework) to an empirically derived river network to explore how proposed changes in network connectivity may impact patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity. Without predicting the responses of individual extant species, we find the addition of canals connecting hydrologically isolated river basins facilitates the spread of common species and increases average local species richness without changing the total species richness of the system. These impacts are sensitive to the parameters controlling the spatial scale of fish dispersal, with increased dispersal affording more opportunities for biotic restructuring at the community and landscape scales. Connections between isolated basins have a much larger effect on local species richness than those connecting reaches within a river basin, even when those within-basin reaches are far apart. As a result, interbasin canal projects have the potential for long-term impacts to continental-scale riverine communities. C1 [Lynch, Heather J.; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Muneepeerakul, Rachata; Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy] Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Sri Paramakalyani Ctr Environm Sci, Alwarkurichi 627412, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Lynch, HJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hlynch@umd.edu; ehgrant@usgs.gov; rachata.muneepeerakul@asu.edu; arunacm@gmail.com; irodrigu@princeton.edu; bfagan@umd.edu RI Lynch, Heather/E-7371-2012; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 FU James S. McDonnell Foundation [220020138] FX We thank E. Lind and P. Unmack for helpful comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the support of the James S. McDonnell Foundation through their Studying Complex Systems grant (220020138). NR 60 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 9 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 21 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W05531 DI 10.1029/2010WR010330 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 768DA UT WOS:000290910500003 ER PT J AU Lawrence, CR Neff, JC Farmer, GL AF Lawrence, Corey R. Neff, Jason C. Farmer, G. Lang TI The accretion of aeolian dust in soils of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EOLIAN DUST; ALPINE SOILS; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE; CHANGING SOURCES; SURFACE MANTLES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CALCIUM SOURCES AB Recent observations suggest a contemporary aeolian dust flux of at least 5-10 g m(-2) yr(-1) to high-elevation ecosystems of the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. To better quantify the influence of dust on San Juan soil geochemistry, we used Sr and Nd isotopic mixing models to estimate the total mass of accreted dust in soils of two alpine basins underlain by bedrocks of different geochemical composition. In order to minimize the potentially confounding effects caused by transient soil pools of Sr and Nd, we implemented a sequential leaching procedure that isolates the residual mineral fraction of soils and their putative parent materials, including local saprolite and exogenous dust inputs. Using this approach, we calculated masses of accreted dust in soils, which were similar across the two isotopic tracers and differing local geologies. Long-term rates of dust accretion were estimated to be slightly higher than contemporary rates of dust deposition. We conclude that dust inputs comprise from 10% to 40% of the total soil mass in these ecosystems. Our observations suggest that dust inputs have exerted a primary control on soil development in the San Juan Mountains and have likely influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of soils in this region. C1 [Lawrence, Corey R.; Neff, Jason C.; Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lawrence, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM clawrence@usgs.gov RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Lawrence, Corey/F-4742-2014 OI Lawrence, Corey/0000-0002-0219-9610 FU National Science Foundation; Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies; Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research; Mountain Studies Institute; Geologic Society of America; Colorado Mountain Club; Andrew R. Mellon Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded through a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, awarded to C. R. Lawrence and J. C. Neff. In addition, the Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies, the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research project, the Mountain Studies Institute, the Geologic Society of America, the Colorado Mountain Club, the Andrew R. Mellon Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey provided additional financial and/or logistical support for this project. We would also like to acknowledge the personal contributions of Susan Anderson, Alex Blum, Sarah Castle, Elizabeth Costello, Dennis Eberl, Alexis Templeton, Kate Maher, Tom Painter, Richard Reynolds, Emily Verplank, and Mark Williams. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR F02013 DI 10.1029/2010JF001899 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 768KQ UT WOS:000290933900001 ER PT J AU Nielsen, SG Gannoun, A Marnham, C Burton, KW Halliday, AN Hein, JR AF Nielsen, Sune G. Gannoun, Abdelmouhcine Marnham, Charles Burton, Kevin W. Halliday, Alex N. Hein, James R. TI New age for ferromanganese crust 109D-C and implications for isotopic records of lead, neodymium, hafnium, and thallium in the Pliocene Indian Ocean SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; FE-MN CRUSTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MANGANESE NODULES; CENTRAL PACIFIC; MASS-BALANCE; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; OSMIUM ISOTOPES; GROWTH-RATES AB This study presents a high-resolution record of osmium and thallium isotopes in a ferro-manganese (Fe-Mn) crust from the Indian Ocean, Antipode 109D-C. These results, when combined with additional new Os isotope data from ODP Hole 756B in the southeast Indian Ocean, define a new best estimate for the age at the base of this crust of similar to 6.5 Ma, which is significantly different from a previous estimate of similar to 15 Ma based on Co-flux modeling. The Tl isotope record obtained for the Indian Ocean resembles that for the Pacific Ocean with a small but well-defined increase occurring over the last similar to 5 Myr. This contrasts with two records from the Atlantic Ocean which do not have resolvable variations. Ocean basin-scale Tl isotope variation may be inconsistent with the inferred modern marine residence time for Tl of similar to 20 kyr but could be explained by an increase in ocean crust production rates in the Pacific and Indian oceans since similar to 10 Ma. The improved age model for 109D-C reveals that the Hf isotope composition of Indian Ocean bottom waters has remained homogenous over the last similar to 6 Myr. Thus, this isotope system does not bear any evidence that the influence of North Atlantic Deep Water in the formation of Indian Ocean bottom waters has changed during that time. However, because of the lack of knowledge about Hf isotopes as a tracer of ocean circulation, we cannot conclude that export of NADW decreased over the last 6 Myr. C1 [Nielsen, Sune G.; Gannoun, Abdelmouhcine; Marnham, Charles; Burton, Kevin W.; Halliday, Alex N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Gannoun, Abdelmouhcine] Univ Clermont Ferrand, OPGC, LMV, UMR 6524, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nielsen, SG (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. EM sunen@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Nielsen, Sune/C-7345-2011; OI Nielsen, Sune/0000-0002-0458-3739 FU NERC FX The authors would like to thank K. Hendry, J. Pett-Ridge, A. Thomas, and T. van de Flierdt for discussions about this work. A. J. West is thanked for informally reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. Derek Vance and Martin Frank are thanked for their valuable comments that led to the rewriting of this manuscript. S.G.N. is funded by a NERC Fellowship. NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 26 AR PA2213 DI 10.1029/2010PA002003 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 768CL UT WOS:000290909000001 ER PT J AU De Angelis, S McNutt, SR Webley, PW AF De Angelis, S. McNutt, S. R. Webley, P. W. TI Evidence of atmospheric gravity waves during the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano from seismic and remote sensing observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALASKA; NOISE; CLOUDS AB Okmok volcano erupted on July 12, 2008, following an 11-year hiatus. Detailed inspection of the syn-eruptive seismograms revealed the presence of an ultra long-period mode at a frequency of 1.7 mHz, which is not a characteristic of the background seismic noise at Okmok. Data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and National Aeronautical and Space Administration Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors displayed the propagation of a vigorous ash-and-steam plume up to about 17 km above sea level. We suggest that the observed ultra long-period signals represent the response of the seismometer to changes in gravity associated with buoyancy oscillations set off in the lower atmosphere above Okmok by the emplacement of the eruption column. Calculations based on simple modeling of these effects allowed estimation of peak atmospheric pressure perturbations associated with the eruption of less than 1 mbar. Citation: De Angelis, S., S. R. McNutt, and P. W. Webley (2011), Evidence of atmospheric gravity waves during the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano from seismic and remote sensing observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10303, doi:10.1029/2011GL047144. C1 [De Angelis, S.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [McNutt, S. R.; Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McNutt, S. R.; Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP De Angelis, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM deangelissilvio@yahoo.it RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU Alaska Volcano Observatory FX This work was partially supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory. Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is a joint program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAFGI), and the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS). The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveform and metadata required in this study. The authors thank M. Ripepe and P. Lognonne for their insightful reviews that contributed to improve the manuscript. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L10303 DI 10.1029/2011GL047144 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 767QV UT WOS:000290872000003 ER PT J AU Daub, EG Shelly, DR Guyer, RA Johnson, PA AF Daub, Eric G. Shelly, David R. Guyer, Robert A. Johnson, Paul A. TI Brittle and ductile friction and the physics of tectonic tremor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; SILENT SLIP; EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; CONTACTS; BENEATH AB Observations of nonvolcanic tremor provide a unique window into the mechanisms of deformation and failure in the lower crust. At increasing depths, rock deformation gradually transitions from brittle, where earthquakes occur, to ductile, with tremor occurring in the transitional region. The physics of deformation in the transition region remain poorly constrained, limiting our basic understanding of tremor and its relation to earthquakes. We combine field and laboratory observations with a physical friction model comprised of brittle and ductile components, and use the model to provide constraints on the friction and stress state in the lower crust. A phase diagram is constructed that characterizes under what conditions all faulting behaviors occur, including earthquakes, tremor, silent transient slip, and steady sliding. Our results show that tremor occurs over a range of ductile and brittle frictional strengths, and advances our understanding of the physical conditions at which tremor and earthquakes take place. Citation: Daub, E. G., D. R. Shelly, R. A. Guyer, and P. A. Johnson (2011), Brittle and ductile friction and the physics of tectonic tremor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10301, doi:10.1029/2011GL046866. C1 [Daub, Eric G.; Guyer, Robert A.; Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Daub, Eric G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guyer, Robert A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Daub, EG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM edaub@lanl.gov OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L10301 DI 10.1029/2011GL046866 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 767QT UT WOS:000290871800002 ER PT J AU Ni, YY Ma, QS Ellis, GS Dai, JX Katz, B Zhang, SC Tang, YC AF Ni, Yunyan Ma, Qisheng Ellis, Geoffrey S. Dai, Jinxing Katz, Barry Zhang, Shuichang Tang, Yongchun TI Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural gas systems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; METASTABLE EQUILIBRIUM; PRIMARY CRACKING; CARBON; METHANE; HYDROCARBONS; KEROGEN; RATIOS; GENERATION; PETROLEUM AB Based on quantum chemistry calculations for normal octane homolytic cracking, a kinetic hydrogen isotope fractionation model for methane, ethane, and propane formation is proposed. The activation energy differences between D-substitute and non-substituted methane, ethane, and propane are 318.6, 281.7, and 280.2 cal/mol, respectively. In order to determine the effect of the entropy contribution for hydrogen isotopic substitution, a transition state for ethane bond rupture was determined based on density function theory (DFT) calculations. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) associated with bond rupture in D and H substituted ethane results in a frequency factor ratio of 1.07. Based on the proposed mathematical model of hydrogen isotope fractionation, one can potentially quantify natural gas thermal maturity from measured hydrogen isotope values. Calculated gas maturity values determined by the proposed mathematical model using delta D values in ethane from several basins in the world are in close agreement with similar predictions based on the delta C-13 composition of ethane. However, gas maturity values calculated from field data of methane and propane using both hydrogen and carbon kinetic isotopic models do not agree as closely. It is possible that dD values in methane may be affected by microbial mixing and that propane values might be more susceptible to hydrogen exchange with water or to analytical errors. Although the model used in this study is quite preliminary, the results demonstrate that kinetic isotope fractionation effects in hydrogen may be useful in quantitative models of natural gas generation, and that dD values in ethane might be more suitable for modeling than comparable values in methane and propane. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Qisheng; Tang, Yongchun] Power Environm & Energy Res Inst, Covina, CA 91722 USA. [Ni, Yunyan; Dai, Jinxing; Zhang, Shuichang] PetroChina, Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Katz, Barry] Chevron Corp, Energy Technol Co, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77002 USA. RP Tang, YC (reprint author), Power Environm & Energy Res Inst, 738 Arrow Grand Circle, Covina, CA 91722 USA. EM tang@peeri.org RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011; OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 NR 60 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2696 EP 2707 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.016 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 796XT UT WOS:000293087500008 ER PT J AU Culver, SJ Farrell, KM Mallinson, DJ Willard, DA Horton, BP Riggs, SR Thieler, ER Wehmiller, JF Parham, P Snyder, SW Hillier, C AF Culver, Stephen J. Farrell, Kathleen M. Mallinson, David J. Willard, Debra A. Horton, Benjamin P. Riggs, Stanley R. Thieler, E. Robert Wehmiller, John F. Parham, Peter Snyder, Scott W. Hillier, Caroline TI Micropaleontologic record of Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Central Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Foraminifera; Diatoms; Pollen; Paleoenvironments; Pleistocene; Holocene ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; CAL KYR BP; SEA-LEVEL; OUTER BANKS; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; COASTAL-PLAIN; FORAMINIFERA; SEDIMENTS; HISTORY; MARGIN AB To understand the temporal and spatial variation of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, glacio-hydro-isostacy, tectonics, subsidence, geologic environments and sedimentation patterns for the Quaternary of a passive continental margin, a nearly complete stratigraphic record that is fully integrated with a three dimensional chronostratigraphic framework, and paleoenvironmental information are necessary. The Albemarle Embayment, a Cenozoic regional depositional basin in eastern North Carolina located on the southeast Atlantic coast of the USA, is an ideal setting to unravel these dynamic, interrelated processes. Micropaleontological data, coupled with sedimentologic, chronostratigraphic and seismic data provide the bases for detailed interpretations of paleoenvironmental evolution and paleoclimates in the 90 m thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment. The data presented here come from a transect of cores drilled through a barrier island complex in the central Albemarle Embayment. This area sits in a ramp-like setting between late Pleistocene incised valleys. The data document the episodic infilling of the Albemarle Embayment throughout the Quaternary as a series of transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles, characterized by inner shelf, midshelf, and shoreface assemblages, that overlie remnants of fluvial to estuarine valley-fill. Barrier island and marginal marine deposits have a low preservation potential. Inner to mid-shelf deposits of the early Pleistocene are overlain by similar middle Pleistocene shelf sediments in the south of the study area but entirely by inner shelf deposits in the north. Late Pleistocene marine sediments are of inner shelf origin and Holocene deposits are marginal marine in nature. Pleistocene marine sediments are incised, particularly in the northern half of the embayment by lowstand paleovalleys, partly filled by fluvial/floodplain deposits and in some cases, overlain by remnants of transgressive estuarine sediments. The shallowing through time of Quaternary sediments reflects the eastward progradational geometry of the continental shelf. The preservation potential of marginal marine deposits (barrier island, shoreface. backbarrier deposits) is not high, except in topographic lows associated with late Pleistocene paleovalleys and inlets because the current interglacial highstand has not yet reached its highest level. Given the documented increase in rate of relative sea-level rise in this region, shallow marine conditions are likely to return to the central Albemarle Embayment in the near future. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Culver, Stephen J.; Mallinson, David J.; Riggs, Stanley R.; Parham, Peter; Snyder, Scott W.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Farrell, Kathleen M.] Raleigh Field Off & Core Repository, N Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Willard, Debra A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Penn, Sea Level Res Lab, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wehmiller, John F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hillier, Caroline] Argus Ecol Ltd, Annfield Plain, Durham DH9 7XN, England. RP Culver, SJ (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Graham Rm 101, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM culvers@ecu.edu OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 FU USGS [02ERAG0044, 02ERAG0050, 01CRAG0015]; NSF [OCE-9807266] FX We thank D.R. Corbett, I. Abbene, C.W. Hoffman, D. Merritt, B. Landacre, C. Grand Pre, A. Kemp, J. Smith, M. Robertson, J. Roberts, J. Jomp, J. Foley, J. Ricardo, J. Pierson, R. Pruitt and T. Sheehan for their help and support and T. Cronin, C. Bernhardt, C. Brunner and S. Gallagher for reviews. MA Buzas and J. Jett provided access to the Cushman Collection of foraminifera, Smithsonian Institution and J. Whittaker and C. Jones to the foraminiferal collections in The Natural History Museum, London. This research is part of the North Carolina Coastal Geology Cooperative Program (NCCGC). Funding for the USGS cooperative agreement awards 02ERAG0044, 02ERAG0050, and 01CRAG0015 and for NSF Cooperative agreement award OCE-9807266 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 75 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 305 IS 1-4 BP 227 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.004 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 773EY UT WOS:000291291000019 ER PT J AU Kniskern, TA Warrick, JA Farnsworth, KL Wheatcroft, RA Goni, MA AF Kniskern, Tara A. Warrick, Jonathan A. Farnsworth, Katherine L. Wheatcroft, Robert A. Goni, Miguel A. TI Coherence of river and ocean conditions along the US West Coast during storms SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE River-ocean coherence; Sediment transport; River discharge; Wave-orbital velocities; Seasonal time-scales; Continental shelves ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DRIVEN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SMALL MOUNTAINOUS RIVERS; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EEL RIVER; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NEW-ZEALAND AB The majority of water and sediment discharge from the small, mountainous watersheds of the US West Coast occurs during and immediately following winter storms. The physical conditions (waves, currents, and winds) within and acting upon the proximal coastal ocean during these winter storms strongly influence dispersal patterns. We examined this river-ocean temporal coherence for four coastal river-shelf systems of the US West Coast (Umpqua, Eel, Salinas, and Santa Clara) to evaluate whether specific ocean conditions occur during floods that may influence coastal dispersal of sediment. Eleven years of corresponding river discharge, wind, and wave data were obtained for each river-shelf system from USGS and NOAA historical records, and each record was evaluated for seasonal and event-based patterns. Because near-bed shear stresses due to waves influence sediment resuspension and transport, we used spectral wave data to compute and evaluate wave-generated bottom-orbital velocities. The highest values of wave energy and discharge for all four systems were consistently observed between October 15 and March 15, and there were strong latitudinal patterns observed in these data with lower discharge and wave energies in the southernmost systems. During floods we observed patterns of river-ocean coherence that differed from the overall seasonal patterns. For example, downwelling winds generally prevailed during floods in the northern two systems (Umpqua and Eel), whereas winds in the southern systems (Salinas and Santa Clara) were generally downwelling before peak discharge and upwelling after peak discharge. Winds not associated with floods were generally upwelling on all four river-shelf systems. Although there are seasonal variations in river-ocean coherence, waves generally led floods in the three northern systems, while they lagged floods in the Santa Clara. Combined, these observations suggest that there are consistent river-ocean coherence patterns along the US West Coast during winter storms and that these patterns vary substantially with latitude. These results should assist with future evaluations of flood plume formation and sediment fate along this coast. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kniskern, Tara A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kniskern, Tara A.; Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Farnsworth, Katherine L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Wheatcroft, Robert A.; Goni, Miguel A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kniskern, TA (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM knista@vims.edu RI Farnsworth, Katherine/F-1581-2011; Goni, Miguel/E-4456-2014; OI Goni, Miguel/0000-0001-7682-8064 FU NSF [0628487] FX The authors wish to thank the US Geological Survey and the National Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration for river gauge and buoy data, respectively. Jon Gottschalck at NOAA's Climate Prediction Center provided storm track data. This manuscript was significantly improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by NSF, award number 0628487. NR 153 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 7-8 BP 789 EP 805 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.012 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 761SX UT WOS:000290422400004 ER PT J AU Writer, JH Barber, LB Ryan, JN Bradley, PM AF Writer, Jeffrey H. Barber, Larry B. Ryan, Joseph N. Bradley, Paul M. TI Biodegradation and Attenuation of Steroidal Hormones and Alkylphenols by Stream Biofilms and Sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; ENGLISH RIVERS; ESTROGENS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; PHARMACEUTICALS; TESTOSTERONE; DEGRADATION; DISRUPTION AB Biodegradation of select endocrine-disrupting compounds (17 beta-estradiol, estrone, 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, 4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenol-monoexthoylate, and 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate) was evaluated in stream biofilm, sediment, and water matrices collected from locations upstream and downstream from a wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. Both biologically mediated transformation to intermediate metabolites and biologically mediated mineralization were evaluated in separate time interval experiments. Initial time intervals (0-7 d) evaluated biodegradation by the microbial community dominant at the time of sampling. Later time intervals (70 and 185 d) evaluated the biodegradation potential as the microbial community adapted to the absence of outside energy sources. The sediment matrix was more effective than the biofflm and water matrices at biodegrading 4-nonyl-phenol and 17 beta-estradiol. Biodegradation by the sediment matrix of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol occurred at later time intervals (70 and 185 d) and was not observed in the biofilm or water matrices. Stream biofilms play an important role in the attenuation of endocrine-disrupting compounds in surface waters due to both biodegradation and sorption processes. Because sorption to stream biofilms and bed sediments occurs on a faster temporal scale (<1 h) than the potential to biodegrade the target compounds (50% mineralization at >185 d), these compounds can accumulate in stream biofilms and sediments. C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Writer, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jwriter@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 FU U.S. Geological Survey NRP; Toxics programs; National Science Foundation [CBET-0854527] FX The following individuals were invaluable for the completion of this investigation: Greg Brown, James Gray, Steffanie Keefe, Rhiannon Revello, and Olivia Woodruff. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey NRP and Toxics programs, and the National Science Foundation Grant No. CBET-0854527. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 10 BP 4370 EP 4376 DI 10.1021/es2000134 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 761UQ UT WOS:000290426900030 PM 21520955 ER PT J AU Almberg, ES Cross, PC Johnson, CJ Heisey, DM Richards, BJ AF Almberg, Emily S. Cross, Paul C. Johnson, Christopher J. Heisey, Dennis M. Richards, Bryan J. TI Modeling Routes of Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission: Environmental Prion Persistence Promotes Deer Population Decline and Extinction SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MULE DEER; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; WILDLIFE EPIDEMIC; INFECTIOUS PRIONS; GROWTH-RATES; DYNAMICS; ELK; PATTERNS; SOIL AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose transmitted through direct, animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly, via environmental contamination. Considerable attention has been paid to modeling direct transmission, but despite the fact that CWD prions can remain infectious in the environment for years, relatively little information exists about the potential effects of indirect transmission on CWD dynamics. In the present study, we use simulation models to demonstrate how indirect transmission and the duration of environmental prion persistence may affect epidemics of CWD and populations of North American deer. Existing data from Colorado, Wyoming, and Wisconsin's CWD epidemics were used to define plausible short-term outcomes and associated parameter spaces. Resulting long-term outcomes range from relatively low disease prevalence and limited host-population decline to host-population collapse and extinction. Our models suggest that disease prevalence and the severity of population decline is driven by the duration that prions remain infectious in the environment. Despite relatively low epidemic growth rates, the basic reproductive number, R-0, may be much larger than expected under the direct-transmission paradigm because the infectious period can vastly exceed the host's life span. High prion persistence is expected to lead to an increasing environmental pool of prions during the early phases (i.e. approximately during the first 50 years) of the epidemic. As a consequence, over this period of time, disease dynamics will become more heavily influenced by indirect transmission, which may explain some of the observed regional differences in age and sex-specific disease patterns. This suggests management interventions, such as culling or vaccination, will become increasingly less effective as CWD epidemics progress. C1 [Almberg, Emily S.; Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Almberg, Emily S.] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.; Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Prion Res Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Almberg, ES (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. EM esa5046@psu.edu RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 11 U2 53 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 13 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19896 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019896 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 763LP UT WOS:000290558500035 PM 21603638 ER PT J AU Karanth, KU Gopalaswamy, AM Kumar, NS Delampady, M Nichols, JD Seidensticker, J Noon, BR Pimm, SL AF Karanth, K. Ullas Gopalaswamy, Arjun M. Kumar, N. Samba Delampady, Mohan Nichols, James D. Seidensticker, John Noon, Barry R. Pimm, Stuart L. TI Counting India's Wild Tigers Reliably SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID ABUNDANCE C1 [Karanth, K. Ullas; Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Kumar, N. Samba] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit WildCRU, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. [Kumar, N. Samba] Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India. [Delampady, Mohan] Indian Stat Inst, Bangalore Ctr, Stat & Math Unit, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Seidensticker, John] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Pimm, Stuart L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. EM ukaranth@gmail.com NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 13 PY 2011 VL 332 IS 6031 BP 791 EP 791 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 763CD UT WOS:000290529900021 PM 21566176 ER PT J AU Phillips, RJ Davis, BJ Tanaka, KL Byrne, S Mellon, MT Putzig, NE Haberle, RM Kahre, MA Campbell, BA Carter, LM Smith, IB Holt, JW Smrekar, SE Nunes, DC Plaut, JJ Egan, AF Titus, TN Seu, R AF Phillips, Roger J. Davis, Brian J. Tanaka, Kenneth L. Byrne, Shane Mellon, Michael T. Putzig, Nathaniel E. Haberle, Robert M. Kahre, Melinda A. Campbell, Bruce A. Carter, Lynn M. Smith, Isaac B. Holt, John W. Smrekar, Suzanne E. Nunes, Daniel C. Plaut, Jeffrey J. Egan, Anthony F. Titus, Timothy N. Seu, Roberto TI Massive CO2 Ice Deposits Sequestered in the South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLID CO2; CIRCULATION; MODEL AB Shallow Radar soundings from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a buried deposit of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice within the south polar layered deposits of Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for the south pole residual cap. The deposit occurs within a stratigraphic unit that is uniquely marked by collapse features and other evidence of interior CO2 volatile release. If released into the atmosphere at times of high obliquity, the CO2 reservoir would increase the atmospheric mass by up to 80%, leading to more frequent and intense dust storms and to more regions where liquid water could persist without boiling. C1 [Phillips, Roger J.] SW Res Inst, Planetary Sci Directorate, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Phillips, Roger J.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Davis, Brian J.; Putzig, Nathaniel E.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.; Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Haberle, Robert M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kahre, Melinda A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Campbell, Bruce A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Carter, Lynn M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Smith, Isaac B.; Holt, John W.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Nunes, Daniel C.; Plaut, Jeffrey J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Egan, Anthony F.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Operat, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Seu, Roberto] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Informat Engn Elect & Telecommun, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RP Phillips, RJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Planetary Sci Directorate, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM roger@boulder.swri.edu RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012; Holt, John/C-4896-2009; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016 FU NASA FX K. Herkenhoff and C. Fortezzo provided useful comments on an earlier version of the paper. Remarks by three anonymous referees were exceedingly helpful. Funding for this work was provided by the NASA MRO project. The radar and imaging data are available through NASA's Planetary Data System. NR 19 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 13 PY 2011 VL 332 IS 6031 BP 838 EP 841 DI 10.1126/science.1203091 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 763CD UT WOS:000290529900045 PM 21512003 ER PT J AU Socolofsky, SA Adams, EE Sherwood, CR AF Socolofsky, Scott A. Adams, E. Eric Sherwood, Christopher R. TI Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRATIFIED MULTIPHASE PLUMES; OIL; TRANSPORT; FIELD; MODEL AB Hydrocarbons released following the Deepwater Horizon (DH) blowout were found in deep, subsurface horizontal intrusions, yet there has been little discussion about how these intrusions formed. We have combined measured (or estimated) observations from the DH release with empirical relationships developed from previous lab experiments to identify the mechanisms responsible for intrusion formation and to characterize the DH plume. Results indicate that the intrusions originate from a stratification-dominated multiphase plume characterized by multiple subsurface intrusions containing dissolved gas and oil along with small droplets of liquid oil. Unlike earlier lab measurements, where the potential density in ambient water decreased linearly with elevation, at the DH site it varied quadratically. We have modified our method for estimating intrusion elevation under these conditions and the resulting estimates agree with observations that the majority of the hydrocarbons were found between 800 and 1200 m. Citation: Socolofsky, S. A., E. E. Adams, and C. R. Sherwood (2011), Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09602, doi:10.1029/2011GL047174. C1 [Socolofsky, Scott A.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Adams, E. Eric] MIT, Ralph M Parsons Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Socolofsky, SA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM socolofs@tamu.edu FU National Science Foundation under RAPID [CBET-1045831, CBET-1046890, OCE-1048976]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was supported by the National Science Foundation under RAPID grants CBET-1045831, CBET-1046890, and OCE-1048976, and by the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Earlier versions of the manuscript were significantly improved by suggestions from Carolyn Ruppel, Rich Signell and two anonymous reviewers. NR 21 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L09602 DI 10.1029/2011GL047174 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 764IT UT WOS:000290623800002 ER PT J AU Osborne, C Cryan, PM O'Shea, TJ Oko, LM Ndaluka, C Calisher, CH Berglund, AD Klavetter, ML Bowen, RA Holmes, KV Dominguez, SR AF Osborne, Christina Cryan, Paul M. O'Shea, Thomas J. Oko, Lauren M. Ndaluka, Christina Calisher, Charles H. Berglund, Andrew D. Klavetter, Mead L. Bowen, Richard A. Holmes, Kathryn V. Dominguez, Samuel R. TI Alphacoronaviruses in New World Bats: Prevalence, Persistence, Phylogeny, and Potential for Interaction with Humans SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EMERGING VIRUSES; SARS-LIKE; CORONAVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; COLORADO; RABIES; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; MORBILLIVIRUS; INFECTION AB Bats are reservoirs for many different coronaviruses (CoVs) as well as many other important zoonotic viruses. We sampled feces and/or anal swabs of 1,044 insectivorous bats of 2 families and 17 species from 21 different locations within Colorado from 2007 to 2009. We detected alphacoronavirus RNA in bats of 4 species: big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), 10% prevalence; long-legged bats (Myotis volans), 8% prevalence; little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), 3% prevalence; and western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis), 2% prevalence. Overall, juvenile bats were twice as likely to be positive for CoV RNA as adult bats. At two of the rural sampling sites, CoV RNAs were detected in big brown and long-legged bats during the three sequential summers of this study. CoV RNA was detected in big brown bats in all five of the urban maternity roosts sampled throughout each of the periods tested. Individually tagged big brown bats that were positive for CoV RNA and later sampled again all became CoV RNA negative. Nucleotide sequences in the RdRp gene fell into 3 main clusters, all distinct from those of Old World bats. Similar nucleotide sequences were found in amplicons from gene 1b and the spike gene in both a big-brown and a long-legged bat, indicating that a CoV may be capable of infecting bats of different genera. These data suggest that ongoing evolution of CoVs in bats creates the possibility of a continued threat for emergence into hosts of other species. Alphacoronavirus RNA was detected at a high prevalence in big brown bats in roosts in close proximity to human habitations (10%) and known to have direct contact with people (19%), suggesting that significant potential opportunities exist for cross-species transmission of these viruses. Further CoV surveillance studies in bats throughout the Americas are warranted. C1 [Osborne, Christina; Berglund, Andrew D.; Dominguez, Samuel R.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Oko, Lauren M.; Holmes, Kathryn V.; Dominguez, Samuel R.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Aurora, CO USA. [Cryan, Paul M.; O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Klavetter, Mead L.] Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Model, CO USA. [Calisher, Charles H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ndaluka, Christina; Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Osborne, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM samuel.dominguez@ucdenver.edu OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU NIH [AI-P01-059576, 5K08-AI073525-03, U54-AI065357] FX This work was supported by NIH grant #AI-P01-059576 (KVH), NIH grant #5K08-AI073525-03 (SRD), and NIH grant #U54-AI065357 (SRD). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manscript. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 12 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19156 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019156 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 763CL UT WOS:000290531100005 PM 21589915 ER PT J AU Du Frane, WL Stern, LA Weitemeyer, KA Constable, S Pinkston, JC Roberts, JJ AF Du Frane, Wyatt L. Stern, Laura A. Weitemeyer, Karen A. Constable, Steven Pinkston, John C. Roberts, Jeffery J. TI Electrical properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; SEA-FLOOR; SEDIMENTS; OLIVINE; ICE AB Electromagnetic (EM) remote-sensing techniques are demonstrated to be sensitive to gas hydrate concentration and distribution and complement other resource assessment techniques, particularly seismic methods. To fully utilize EM results requires knowledge of the electrical properties of individual phases and mixing relations, yet little is known about the electrical properties of gas hydrates. We developed a pressure cell to synthesize gas hydrate while simultaneously measuring in situ frequency-dependent electrical conductivity (sigma). Synthesis of methane (CH(4)) hydrate was verified by thermal monitoring and by post run cryogenic scanning electron microscope imaging. Impedance spectra (20 Hz to 2 MHz) were collected before and after synthesis of polycrystalline CH(4) hydrate from polycrystalline ice and used to calculate s. We determined the sigma of CH(4) hydrate to be 5 x 10(-5) S/m at 0 degrees C with activation energy (E(a)) of 30.6 kJ/mol (-15 to 15 degrees C). After dissociation back into ice, sigma measurements of samples increased by a factor of similar to 4 and E(a) increased by similar to 50%, similar to the starting ice samples. Citation: Du Frane, W. L., L. A. Stern, K. A. Weitemeyer, S. Constable, J. C. Pinkston, and J. J. Roberts (2011), Electrical properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09313, doi:10.1029/2011GL047243. C1 [Du Frane, Wyatt L.; Roberts, Jeffery J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Stern, Laura A.; Pinkston, John C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Weitemeyer, Karen A.; Constable, Steven] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Du Frane, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dufrane2@llnl.gov RI Constable, Steven/B-8959-2008; Du Frane, Wyatt/D-6879-2013 FU DOE [DE-NT0005668]; USGS Gas Hydrates [DE-NT0006147]; U.S. Department of Energy; LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors thank W. Durham (MIT) and D. Lockner, W. Waite, and S. Kirby (USGS) for helpful discussions and advice, and J. Lemire (SIO) for help with the cell fabrication and design. We also thank R. Evans (WHOI) and another anonymous reviewer. Support for this work was provided by DOE contract DE-NT0005668. Partial support was also provided by Interagency Agreement DE-NT0006147 between the USGS Gas Hydrates Project and the U.S. Department of Energy's Methane Hydrates R&D Program. Prepared by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L09313 DI 10.1029/2011GL047243 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 764IR UT WOS:000290623600004 ER PT J AU Johnson, CJ Bennett, JP Biro, SM Duque-Velasquez, JC Rodriguez, CM Bessen, RA Rocke, TE AF Johnson, Christopher J. Bennett, James P. Biro, Steven M. Camilo Duque-Velasquez, Juan Rodriguez, Cynthia M. Bessen, Richard A. Rocke, Tonie E. TI Degradation of the Disease-Associated Prion Protein by a Serine Protease from Lichens SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SCRAPIE PRION; MULE DEER; IN-VITRO; AGENT; PRPSC; SOIL; INACTIVATION AB The disease-associated prion protein (PrPTSE), the probable etiological agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), is resistant to degradation and can persist in the environment. Lichens, mutualistic symbioses containing fungi, algae, bacteria and occasionally cyanobacteria, are ubiquitous in the environment and have evolved unique biological activities allowing their survival in challenging ecological niches. We investigated PrPTSE inactivation by lichens and found acetone extracts of three lichen species (Parmelia sulcata, Cladonia rangiferina and Lobaria pulmonaria) have the ability to degrade prion protein (PrP) from TSE-infected hamsters, mice and deer. Immunoblots measuring PrP levels and protein misfolding cyclic amplification indicated at least two logs of reductions in PrPTSE. Degradative activity was not found in closely related lichen species or in algae or a cyanobacterium that inhabit lichens. Degradation was blocked by Pefabloc SC, a serine protease inhibitor, but not inhibitors of other proteases or enzymes. Additionally, we found that PrP levels in PrPTSE-enriched preps or infected brain homogenates are also reduced following exposure to freshly-collected P. sulcata or an aqueous extract of the lichen. Our findings indicate that these lichen extracts efficiently degrade PrPTSE and suggest that some lichens could have potential to inactivate TSE infectivity on the landscape or be a source for agents to degrade prions. Further work to clone and characterize the protease, assess its effect on TSE infectivity and determine which organism or organisms present in lichens produce or influence the protease activity is warranted. C1 [Johnson, Christopher J.; Bennett, James P.; Biro, Steven M.; Rodriguez, Cynthia M.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Prion Res Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.; Bessen, Richard A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Vet Mol Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bennett, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Biro, Steven M.; Rodriguez, Cynthia M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Camilo Duque-Velasquez, Juan] Univ Antioquia, Fac Ciencias Agr, Grp Invest CENTAURO, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia. RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prion Res Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM cjjohnson@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009; OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU United States Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 11 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19836 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019836 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 762MQ UT WOS:000290483600032 PM 21589935 ER PT J AU Mustard, JF Pieters, CM Isaacson, PJ Head, JW Besse, S Clark, RN Klima, RL Petro, NE Staid, MI Sunshine, JM Runyon, CJ Tompkins, S AF Mustard, John F. Pieters, Carle M. Isaacson, Peter J. Head, James W. Besse, Sebastien Clark, Roger N. Klima, Rachel L. Petro, Noah E. Staid, Matthew I. Sunshine, Jessica M. Runyon, Cassandra J. Tompkins, Stefanie TI Compositional diversity and geologic insights of the Aristarchus crater from Moon Mineralogy Mapper data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; PYROXENE MIXTURES; LUNAR NEARSIDE; OLIVINE; CLEMENTINE; BASALTS; REGION; GEOTHERMOMETRY; CHANDRAYAAN-1 AB The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) acquired high spatial and spectral resolution data of the Aristarchus Plateau with 140 m/pixel in 85 spectral bands from 0.43 to 3.0 mu m. The data were collected as radiance and converted to reflectance using the observational constraints and a solar spectrum scaled to the Moon-Sun distance. Summary spectral parameters for the area of mafic silicate 1 and 2 mu m bands were calculated from the M-3 data and used to map the distribution of key units that were then analyzed in detail with the spectral data. This analysis focuses on five key compositional units in the region. (1) The central peaks are shown to be strongly enriched in feldspar and are likely from the upper plagioclase-rich crust of the Moon. (2) The impact melt is compositionally diverse with clear signatures of feldspathic crust, olivine, and glass. (3) The crater walls and ejecta show a high degree of spatial heterogeneity and evidence for massive breccia blocks. (4) Olivine, strongly concentrated on the rim, wall, and exterior of the southeastern quadrant of the crater, is commonly associated the impact melt. (5) There are at least two types of glass deposits observed: pyroclastic glass and impact glass. C1 [Mustard, John F.; Pieters, Carle M.; Isaacson, Peter J.; Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Besse, Sebastien; Sunshine, Jessica M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Klima, Rachel L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20732 USA. [Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Runyon, Cassandra J.] Coll Charleston, Dept Geol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Staid, Matthew I.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tompkins, Stefanie] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Mustard, JF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM john_mustard@brown.edu RI Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012; Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013; OI Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 FU NASA [NNM05AB26C] FX The M3 instrument was funded as a mission of opportunity through the NASA Discovery program. M3 science validation is supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. The M3 team is grateful to ISRO for the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1. We acknowledge the insight and careful comments of a reviewer. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 10 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00G12 DI 10.1029/2010JE003726 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 764JE UT WOS:000290625000001 ER PT J AU Herckenrath, D Langevin, CD Doherty, J AF Herckenrath, Daan Langevin, Christian D. Doherty, John TI Predictive uncertainty analysis of a saltwater intrusion model using null-space Monte Carlo SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODEL; STEADY-STATE FLOW; INVERSE PROBLEM; HENRY PROBLEM; SEAWATER INTRUSION; PILOT POINTS; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; HYDRAULIC-HEAD AB Because of the extensive computational burden and perhaps a lack of awareness of existing methods, rigorous uncertainty analyses are rarely conducted for variable-density flow and transport models. For this reason, a recently developed null-space Monte Carlo (NSMC) method for quantifying prediction uncertainty was tested for a synthetic saltwater intrusion model patterned after the Henry problem. Saltwater intrusion caused by a reduction in fresh groundwater discharge was simulated for 1000 randomly generated hydraulic conductivity distributions, representing a mildly heterogeneous aquifer. From these 1000 simulations, the hydraulic conductivity distribution giving rise to the most extreme case of saltwater intrusion was selected and was assumed to represent the "true" system. Head and salinity values from this true model were then extracted and used as observations for subsequent model calibration. Random noise was added to the observations to approximate realistic field conditions. The NSMC method was used to calculate 1000 calibration-constrained parameter fields. If the dimensionality of the solution space was set appropriately, the estimated uncertainty range from the NSMC analysis encompassed the truth. Several variants of the method were implemented to investigate their effect on the efficiency of the NSMC method. Reducing the dimensionality of the null-space for the processing of the random parameter sets did not result in any significant gains in efficiency and compromised the ability of the NSMC method to encompass the true prediction value. The addition of intrapilot point heterogeneity to the NSMC process was also tested. According to a variogram comparison, this provided the same scale of heterogeneity that was used to generate the truth. However, incorporation of intrapilot point variability did not make a noticeable difference to the uncertainty of the prediction. With this higher level of heterogeneity, however, the computational burden of generating calibration-constrained parameter fields approximately doubled. Predictive uncertainty variance computed through the NSMC method was compared with that computed through linear analysis. The results were in good agreement, with the NSMC method estimate showing a slightly smaller range of prediction uncertainty than was calculated by the linear method. C1 [Herckenrath, Daan] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Doherty, John] Watermark Numer Comp, Brisbane, Qld 4075, Australia. [Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Doherty, John] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Herckenrath, D (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM daah@env.dtu.dk NR 65 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 7 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W05504 DI 10.1029/2010WR009342 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 761QR UT WOS:000290413300001 ER PT J AU Sparkman, AM Adams, J Beyer, A Steury, TD Waits, L Murray, DL AF Sparkman, Amanda M. Adams, Jennifer Beyer, Arthur Steury, Todd D. Waits, Lisette Murray, Dennis L. TI Helper effects on pup lifetime fitness in the cooperatively breeding red wolf (Canis rufus) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cooperative breeding; helpers; body mass; survival; age at first reproduction; lifetime reproductive success ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURAL-SELECTION; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; LYCAON-PICTUS; PRAIRIE VOLES; PACK SIZE; COYOTES; FOX; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL AB The evolutionary maintenance of cooperative breeding systems is thought to be a function of relative costs and benefits to breeders, helpers and juveniles. Beneficial effects of helpers on early-life survivorship and performance have been established in several species, but lifetime fitness benefits and/or costs of being helped remain unclear, particularly for long-lived species. We tested for effects of helpers on early- and late-life traits in a population of reintroduced red wolves (Canis rufus), while controlling for ecological variables such as home-range size and population density. We found that the presence of helpers in family groups was positively correlated with pup mass and survival at low population density, but negatively correlated with mass/size at high density, with no relation to survival. Interestingly, mass/size differences persisted into adulthood for both sexes. While the presence of helpers did not advance age at first reproduction for pups of either sex, females appeared to garner long-term fitness benefits from helpers through later age at last reproduction, longer reproductive lifespan and a greater number of lifetime reproductive events, which translated to higher lifetime reproductive success. In contrast, males with helpers exhibited diminished lifetime reproductive performance. Our findings suggest that while helper presence may have beneficial short-term effects in some ecological contexts, it may also incur long-term sex-dependent costs with critical ramifications for lifetime fitness. C1 [Sparkman, Amanda M.; Murray, Dennis L.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Adams, Jennifer; Waits, Lisette] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Beyer, Arthur] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. [Steury, Todd D.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sparkman, AM (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM asparkma@gmail.com FU USFWS FX The red wolf recovery programme is conducted by the USFWS, and we are grateful to Service personnel for their diligent efforts in the field and for access to the data. The study was funded by the USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 7 PY 2011 VL 278 IS 1710 BP 1381 EP 1389 DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.1921 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 741GJ UT WOS:000288851800014 PM 20961897 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Brooks, B Tong, XP Bevis, MG Foster, JH Burgmann, R Smalley, R Vigny, C Socquet, A Ruegg, JC Campos, J Barrientos, S Parra, H Soto, JCB Cimbaro, S Blanco, M AF Pollitz, Fred F. Brooks, Ben Tong, Xiaopeng Bevis, Michael G. Foster, James H. Buergmann, Roland Smalley, Robert, Jr. Vigny, Christophe Socquet, Anne Ruegg, Jean-Claude Campos, Jaime Barrientos, Sergio Parra, Hector Baez Soto, Juan Carlos Cimbaro, Sergio Blanco, Mauro TI Coseismic slip distribution of the February 27, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ANDES; SEISMIC GAP; DEFORMATION; MOTION; GPS AB Static offsets produced by the February 27, 2010 M(w) = 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake as measured by GPS and InSAR constrain coseismic slip along a section of the Andean megathrust of dimensions 650 km (in length) x 180 km (in width). GPS data have been collected from both campaign and continuous sites sampling both the near-field and far field. ALOS/PALSAR data from several ascending and descending tracks constrain the near-field crustal deformation. Inversions of the geodetic data for distributed slip on the megathrust reveal a pronounced slip maximum of order 15 m at similar to 15-25 km depth on the megathrust offshore Lloca, indicating that seismic slip was greatest north of the epicenter of the bilaterally propagating rupture. A secondary slip maximum appears at depth similar to 25 km on the megathrust just west of Concepcicn. Coseismic slip is negligible below 35 km depth. Estimates of the seismic moment based on different datasets and modeling approaches vary from 1.8 to 2.6 x 10 N m. Our study is the first to model the static displacement field using a layered spherical Earth model, allowing us to incorporate both near-field and far-field static displacements in a consistent manner. The obtained seismic moment of 1.97 x 10 N m, corresponding to a moment magnitude of 8.8, is similar to that obtained by previous seismic and geodetic inversions. Citation: Pollitz, F. F., et al. (2011), Coseismic slip distribution of the February 27, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09309, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047065. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campos, Jaime; Barrientos, Sergio] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago 8370449, Chile. [Bevis, Michael G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blanco, Mauro] Univ Nacl Cuyo, Inst CEDIAC, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Brooks, Ben; Foster, James H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cimbaro, Sergio] Inst Geog Nacl Argentina, Direcc Geodesia, RA-1426 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Parra, Hector] Inst Geog Mil Chile, Dept Geodesia, Santiago, Chile. [Socquet, Anne; Ruegg, Jean-Claude] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Phys Globe Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, F-75252 Paris, France. [Smalley, Robert, Jr.] Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Baez Soto, Juan Carlos] Univ Concepcion, Dept Ciencias Geodes & Geomat, Concepcion, Chile. [Tong, Xiaopeng] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Vigny, Christophe] Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, CNRS, UMR 8538, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov RI Tong, Xiaopeng/D-7381-2012; Socquet, Anne/A-5698-2011; Foster, James/G-7942-2012 OI Socquet, Anne/0000-0002-9208-7136; Foster, James/0000-0003-2052-5798 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L09309 DI 10.1029/2011GL047065 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 761ZX UT WOS:000290443100001 ER PT J AU Weckworth, BV Dawson, NG Talbot, SL Flamme, MJ Cook, JA AF Weckworth, Byron V. Dawson, Natalie G. Talbot, Sandra L. Flamme, Melanie J. Cook, Joseph A. TI Going Coastal: Shared Evolutionary History between Coastal British Columbia and Southeast Alaska Wolves (Canis lupus) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SQUIRRELS GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; MARTEN MARTES-AMERICANA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MEXICAN WOLVES; WOLF; POPULATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DIFFERENTIATION AB Background: Many coastal species occupying the temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest in North America comprise endemic populations genetically and ecologically distinct from interior continental conspecifics. Morphological variation previously identified among wolf populations resulted in recognition of multiple subspecies of wolves in the Pacific Northwest. Recently, separate genetic studies have identified diverged populations of wolves in coastal British Columbia and coastal Southeast Alaska, providing support for hypotheses of distinct coastal subspecies. These two regions are geographically and ecologically contiguous, however, there is no comprehensive analysis across all wolf populations in this coastal rainforest. Methodology/Principal Findings: By combining mitochondrial DNA datasets from throughout the Pacific Northwest, we examined the genetic relationship between coastal British Columbia and Southeast Alaska wolf populations and compared them with adjacent continental populations. Phylogenetic analysis indicates complete overlap in the genetic diversity of coastal British Columbia and Southeast Alaska wolves, but these populations are distinct from interior continental wolves. Analyses of molecular variation support the separation of all coastal wolves in a group divergent from continental populations, as predicted based on hypothesized subspecies designations. Two novel haplotypes also were uncovered in a newly assayed continental population of interior Alaska wolves. Conclusions/Significance: We found evidence that coastal wolves endemic to these temperate rainforests are diverged from neighbouring, interior continental wolves; a finding that necessitates new international strategies associated with the management of this species. C1 [Weckworth, Byron V.] Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Dawson, Natalie G.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dawson, Natalie G.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Flamme, Melanie J.] Yukon Charley Rivers Natl Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Weckworth, BV (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM byweck@gmail.com RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011; OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670 FU U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Yukon-Charley Rivers National Reserve; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Alaska Region and Forest Sciences Laboratory; National Science Foundation [NSF DEB 0196095, 0415668] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Reserve, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Alaska Region and Forest Sciences Laboratory, and National Science Foundation (NSF DEB 0196095 and 0415668). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 4 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19582 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019582 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 759EZ UT WOS:000290224800036 PM 21573241 ER PT J AU Wagner, CR Mueller, DS AF Wagner, Chad R. Mueller, David S. TI Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADCP; GPS; Moving-bed bias; Bedload transport; VTG; GGA ID ADCP; VELOCITY AB A negative bias in discharge measurements made with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) can be caused by the movement of sediment on or near the streambed. The integration of a global positioning system (GPS) to track the movement of the ADCP can be used to avoid the systematic negative bias associated with a moving streambed. More than 500 discharge transects from 63 discharge measurements with GPS data were collected at sites throughout the US, Canada, and New Zealand with no moving bed to compare GPS and bottom-track-referenced discharges. Although the data indicated some statistical bias depending on site conditions and type of GPS data used, these biases were typically about 0.5% or less. An assessment of differential correction sources was limited by a lack of data collected in a range of different correction sources and different GPS receivers at the same sites. Despite this limitation, the data indicate that the use of Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) corrected positional data is acceptable for discharge measurements using GGA as the boat-velocity reference. The discharge data based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the VTG data string, which does not require differential correction, were comparable to the discharges based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the differentially-corrected GGA data string. Spatial variability of measure discharges referenced to GGA. VTG and bottom-tracking is higher near the channel banks. The spatial variability of VTG-referenced discharges is correlated with the spatial distribution of maximum Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) values and the spatial variability of GGA-referenced discharges is correlated with proximity to channel banks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wagner, Chad R.] US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Mueller, David S.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. RP Wagner, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM cwagner@usgs.gov; dmueller@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 3 PY 2011 VL 401 IS 3-4 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.025 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 758SR UT WOS:000290187300010 ER PT J AU Porter, K Jones, L Cox, D Goltz, J Hudnut, K Mileti, D Perry, S Ponti, D Reichle, M Rose, AZ Scawthorn, CR Seligson, HA Shoaf, KI Treiman, J Wein, A AF Porter, Keith Jones, Lucile Cox, Dale Goltz, James Hudnut, Ken Mileti, Dennis Perry, Sue Ponti, Daniel Reichle, Michael Rose, Adam Z. Scawthorn, Charles R. Seligson, Hope A. Shoaf, Kimberley I. Treiman, Jerry Wein, Anne TI The ShakeOut Scenario: A Hypothetical M(w)7.8 Earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB In 2008, an earthquake-planning scenario document was released by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and California Geological Survey that hypothesizes the occurrence and effects of a M(w)7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault. It was created by more than 300 scientists and engineers. Fault offsets reach 13 m and up to 8 m at lifeline crossings. Physics-based modeling was used to generate maps of shaking intensity, with peak ground velocities of 3 m/sec near the fault and exceeding 0.5 m/sec over 10,000 km(2). A custom HAZUS (R)(MH) analysis and 18 special studies were performed to characterize the effects of the earthquake on the built environment. The scenario posits 1,800 deaths and 53,000 injuries requiring emergency room care. Approximately 1,600 fires are ignited, resulting in the destruction of 200 million square feet of the building stock, the equivalent of 133,000 single-family homes. Fire contributes $87 billion in property and business interruption loss, out of the total $191 billion in economic loss, with most of the rest coming from shake-related building and content damage ($46 billion) and business interruption loss from water outages ($24 billion). Emergency response activities are depicted in detail, in an innovative grid showing activities versus time, a new format introduced in this study. [DOT: 10.1193/1.3563624] C1 [Porter, Keith; Scawthorn, Charles R.] SPA Risk LLC, Denver, CO USA. [Porter, Keith; Scawthorn, Charles R.] SPA Risk LLC, Kyoto, Japan. [Jones, Lucile; Cox, Dale; Hudnut, Ken; Perry, Sue; Ponti, Daniel; Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Jones, Lucile; Cox, Dale; Hudnut, Ken; Perry, Sue; Ponti, Daniel; Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jones, Lucile; Cox, Dale; Hudnut, Ken; Perry, Sue; Ponti, Daniel; Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Goltz, James] Calif Governors Off Emergency Serv, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mileti, Dennis] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reichle, Michael; Treiman, Jerry] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Reichle, Michael; Treiman, Jerry] Calif Geol Survey, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Rose, Adam Z.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Seligson, Hope A.] MMI Engn, Huntington Beach, CA USA. [Shoaf, Kimberley I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Porter, K (reprint author), SPA Risk LLC, Denver, CO USA. EM keith@cohen-porter.net RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 239 EP 261 DI 10.1193/1.3563624 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700002 ER PT J AU Perry, S Jones, L Cox, D AF Perry, Sue Jones, Lucile Cox, Dale TI Developing a Scenario for Widespread Use: Best Practices, Lessons Learned SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The Shake Out Scenario is probably the most widely known and used earthquake scenario created to date. Much of the credit for its widespread dissemination and application lies with scenario development criteria that focused on the needs and involvement of end users and with a suite of products that tailored communication of the results to varied end users, who ranged from emergency managers to the general public, from corporations to grassroots organizations. Products were most effective when they were highly visual, when they emphasized the findings of social scientists, and when they communicated the experience of living through the earthquake. This paper summarizes the development criteria and the products that made the ShakeOut Scenario so widely known and used, and it provides some suggestions for future improvements. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3574445] C1 [Perry, Sue; Jones, Lucile] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cox, Dale] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Perry, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1193/1.3574445 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700003 ER PT J AU Graves, RW Aagaard, BT Hudnut, KW AF Graves, Robert W. Aagaard, Brad T. Hudnut, Kenneth W. TI The ShakeOut Earthquake Source and Ground Motion Simulations SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 2002 DENALI FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; WAVE-PROPAGATION; RUPTURE; MODEL; MAGNITUDE; SPECTRA; TURKEY AB The Shake Out Scenario is premised upon the detailed description of a hypothetical M(w) 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault and the associated simulated ground motions. The main features of the scenario, such as its end-points, magnitude, and gross slip distribution, were defined through expert opinion and incorporated information from many previous studies. Slip at smaller length scales, rupture speed, and rise time were constrained using empirical relationships and experience gained from previous strong-motion modeling. Using this rupture description and a 3-D model of the crust, broadband ground motions were computed over a large region of Southern California. The largest simulated peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) generally range from 0.5 to 1.0 g and 100 to 250 cm/s, respectively, with the waveforms exhibiting strong directivity and basin effects. Use of a slip-predictable model results in a high static stress drop event and produces ground motions somewhat higher than median level predictions from NGA ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). [DOI: 10.1193/1.3570677] C1 [Graves, Robert W.; Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Aagaard, Brad T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Graves, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 FU SCEC under NSF [EAR-0623704, OCI-0749313]; U.S. Geological Society FX We thank members of the SCEC CME collaboration for their efforts on the ShakeOut simulation project. We appreciate the constructive review comments by Art Frankel, Gary Fuis, Steven Day, and Arthur Rodgers. Funding for this work was provided by SCEC under NSF grants EAR-0623704 and OCI-0749313 and by the U.S. Geological Society. The large-scale simulations were run at USC's Center for High-Performance Computing and Communications (http://www.usc.edu/hpcc) under an agreement with the SCEC CME project. Several of the figures were composed using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software (Wessel and Smith 1998). This is SCEC contribution 1427. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 273 EP 291 DI 10.1193/1.3570677 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700004 ER PT J AU Chen, R Petersen, MD AF Chen, Rui Petersen, Mark D. TI Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazards for the Southern San Andreas Fault Using Scenarios and Empirical Slips SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID RUPTURE AB We apply a probabilistic method to develop fault displacement hazard maps and profiles for the southern San Andreas Fault. Two slip models are applied: (1) scenario slip, defined by the Shake Out rupture model, and (2) empirical slip, calculated using regression equations relating global slip to earthquake magnitude and distance along the fault. The hazard is assessed using a range of magnitudes defined by the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast and the Shake Out. For hazard mapping we develop a methodology to partition displacement among multiple fault branches based on geological observations. Estimated displacement hazard extends a few kilometers wide in areas of multiple mapped fault branches and poor mapping accuracy. Scenario and empirical displacement hazard differs by a factor of two or three, particularly along the southernmost section of the San Andreas Fault. We recommend the empirical slip model with site-specific geological data to constrain uncertainties for engineering applications. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3574226] C1 [Chen, Rui] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Petersen, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chen, R (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-32, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey; California Geological Survey FX This work was sponsored by U.S. Geological Survey and California Geological Survey. The manuscript benefited from discussions with Chris Wills, Tianqing Cao, Tim Dawson, and review comments from Chris Wills, Kathy Haller, and Morgan Moshetti. We are especially gratefully to James McCalpin, Tianqing Cao, and Michael Reichle for their critical technical reviews and constructive suggestions. We thank Jerry Treiman and Bill Bryant for providing fault GIS data and Carlos Gutierrez and David Branum for assisting with the GIS mapping tools. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 293 EP 313 DI 10.1193/1.3574226 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700005 ER PT J AU Treiman, JA Ponti, DJ AF Treiman, Jerome A. Ponti, Daniel J. TI Estimating Surface Faulting Impacts from the ShakeOut Scenario Earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SLIP DISTRIBUTION; RUPTURE; CALIFORNIA AB An earthquake scenario, based on a kinematic rupture model, has been prepared for a M-w 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault. The rupture distribution, in the context of other historic large earthquakes, is judged reasonable for the purposes of this scenario. This model is used as the basis for generating a surface rupture map and for assessing potential direct impacts on lifelines and other infrastructure. Modeling the surface rupture involves identifying fault traces on which to place the rupture, assigning slip values to the fault traces, and characterizing the specific displacements that would occur to each lifeline impacted by the rupture. Different approaches were required to address variable slip distribution in response to a variety of fault patterns. Our results, involving judgment and experience, represent one plausible outcome and are not predictive because of the variable nature of surface rupture. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3583676] C1 [Treiman, Jerome A.] Calif Geol Survey, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. [Ponti, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Treiman, JA (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 888 S Figueroa St,Suite 475, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 315 EP 330 DI 10.1193/1.3583676 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700006 ER PT J AU Star, LM Stewart, JP Graves, RW AF Star, Lisa M. Stewart, Jonathan P. Graves, Robert W. TI Comparison of Ground Motions from Hybrid Simulations to NGA Prediction Equations SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; SPECTRA; WAVES; BASIN; RECORDINGS AB We compare simulated motions for a M(w) 7.8 rupture scenario on the San Andreas Fault known as the Shake Out event, two permutations with different hypocenter locations, and a M(w) 7.15 Puente Hills blind thrust scenario, to median and dispersion predictions from empirical NGA ground motion prediction equations. We find the simulated motions attenuate faster with distance than is predicted by the NGA models for periods less than about 5.0 s After removing this distance attenuation bias, the average residuals of the simulated events (i.e., event terms) are generally within the scatter of empirical event terms, although the ShakeOut simulation appears to be a high static stress drop event. The intra-event dispersion in the simulations is lower than NGA values at short periods and abruptly increases at 1.0 s due to different simulation procedures at short and long periods. The simulated motions have a depth-dependent basin response similar to the NGA models, and also show complex effects in which stronger basin response occurs when the fault rupture transmits energy into a basin at low angle, which is not predicted by the NGA models. Rupture directivity effects are found to scale with the isochrone parameter. [DOT: 10.1193/1.3583644] C1 [Star, Lisa M.; Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environ Engrg Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Star, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environ Engrg Dept, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM lcoyne@ucla.edu; jstewart@seas.ucla.edu; rwgraves@usgs.gov RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0618804]; Southern California Earthquake Center; Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) FX The work of the first two authors was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0618804. The third author is supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. Additional funding for this effort was provided by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP). NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 331 EP 350 DI 10.1193/1.3583644 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700007 ER PT J AU Langer, WH AF Langer, William H. TI The ShakeOut Scenario: Meeting the Needs for Construction Aggregates, Asphalt, and Concrete SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB An M(w) 7.8 earthquake as described in the Shake Out Scenario would cause significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Over 6 million tons of newly mined aggregate would be used for emergency repairs and for reconstruction in the five years following the event. This aggregate would be applied mostly in the form of concrete for buildings and bridges, asphalt or concrete for pavement, and unbound gravel for applications such as base course that goes under highway pavement and backfilling for foundations and pipelines. There are over 450 aggregate, concrete, and asphalt plants in the affected area, some of which would be heavily damaged. Meeting the increased demand for construction materials would require readily available permitted reserves, functioning production facilities, a supply of cement and asphalt, a source of water, gas, and electricity, and a trained workforce. Prudent advance preparations would facilitate a timely emergency response and reconstruction following such an earthquake. [DOT: 10.1193/1.3570679] C1 [Langer, William H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Langer, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 505 EP 520 DI 10.1193/1.3570679 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700016 ER PT J AU Wein, A Johnson, L Bernknopf, R AF Wein, Anne Johnson, Laurie Bernknopf, Richard TI Recovering from the ShakeOut Earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB Recovery from an earthquake like the M7.8 Shake Out Scenario will be a major endeavor taking many years to complete. Hundreds of Southern California municipalities will be affected; most lack recovery plans or previous disaster experience. To support recovery planning this paper 1) extends the regional Shake Out Scenario analysis into the recovery period using a recovery model, 2) localizes analyses to identify longer-term impacts and issues in two communities, and 3) considers the regional context of local recovery. Key community insights about preparing for post-disaster recovery include the need to: geographically diversify city procurement; set earthquake mitigation priorities for critical infrastructure (e.g., airport), plan to replace mobile homes with earthquake safety measures, consider post-earthquake redevelopment opportunities ahead of time, and develop post-disaster recovery management and governance structures. This work also showed that communities with minor damages are still sensitive to regional infrastructure damages and their potential long-term impacts on community recovery. This highlights the importance of community and infrastructure resilience strategies as well. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3581225] C1 [Wein, Anne; Bernknopf, Richard] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Johnson, Laurie] Laurie Johnson Consulting, San Francisco, CA 94123 USA. RP Wein, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 521 EP 538 DI 10.1193/1.3581225 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700017 ER PT J AU Rose, A Wei, D Wein, A AF Rose, Adam Wei, Dan Wein, Anne TI Economic Impacts of the ShakeOut Scenario SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB For the Shake Out Earthquake Scenario, we estimate $68 billion in direct and indirect business interruption (BI) and $11 billion in related costs in addition to the $113 billion in property damage in an eight-county Southern California region. The modeled conduits of shock to the economy are property damage and lifeline service outages that affect the economy's ability to produce. Property damage from fire is 50% greater than property damage from shaking because fire is more devastating. BI from water service disruption and fire each represent around one-third of total BI losses because of the long duration of service outage or long restoration and reconstruction periods. Total BI losses are 4.3% of annual gross output in the affected region, an impact far larger than most conventional economic recessions. These losses are still much lower than they potentially could be due to the resilience of the economy. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3587204] C1 [Rose, Adam; Wei, Dan] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rose, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, 310 RTH,3710 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 539 EP 557 DI 10.1193/1.3587204 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700018 ER PT J AU Wein, A Rose, A AF Wein, Anne Rose, Adam TI Economic Resilience Lessons from the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB Following a damaging earthquake, "business interruption" (BI)-reduced production of goods and services begins and continues long after the ground shaking stops. Economic resilience reduces BI losses by making the best use of the resources available at a given point in time (static resilience) or by speeding recovery through repair and reconstruction (dynamic resilience), in contrast to mitigation that prevents damage in the first place. Economic resilience is an important concept to incorporate into economic loss modeling and in recovery and contingency planning. Economic resilience framework includes the applicability of resilience strategies to production inputs and output, demand- and supply-side effects, inherent and adaptive abilities, and levels of the economy. We use our resilience framework to organize and share strategies that enhance economic resilience, identify overlooked resilience strategies, and present evidence and structure of resilience strategies for economic loss modelers. Numerous resilience strategies are compiled from stakeholder discussions about the Shake Out Scenario (Jones et al. 2008). Modeled results of Shake Out BI sector losses reveal variable effectiveness of resilience strategies for lengthy disruptions caused by fire-damaged buildings and water service outages. Resilience is a complement to mitigation and may, in fact, have cost and all-hazards advantages. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3582849] C1 [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rose, Adam] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Wein, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 22 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 559 EP 573 DI 10.1193/1.3582849 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700019 ER PT J AU Jones, LM Benthien, M AF Jones, Lucile M. Benthien, Mark TI Preparing for a "Big One": The Great Southern California ShakeOut SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The Great Southern California Shake Out was a week of special events featuring the largest earthquake drill in United States history. On November 13, 2008, over 5 million Southern Californians pretended that the magnitude-7.8 Shake Out scenario earthquake was occurring and practiced actions derived from results of the Shake Out Scenario, to reduce the impact of a real, San Andreas Fault event. The communications campaign was based on four principles: 1) consistent messaging from multiple sources; 2) visual reinforcement: 3) encouragement of "milling"; and 4) focus on concrete actions. The goals of the ShakeOut established in Spring 2008 were: 1) to register 5 million people to participate in the drill; 2) to change the culture of earthquake preparedness in Southern California; and 3) to reduce earthquake losses in Southern California. Over 90% of the registrants surveyed the next year reported improvement in earthquake preparedness at their organization as a result of the ShakeOut. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3586819] C1 [Jones, Lucile M.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Benthien, Mark] Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Jones, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. FU National Science Foundation; USGS; California Earthquake Authority, California Emergency Management Agency; California Seismic Safety Commission, California Geological Survey, City of Los Angeles; Federal Emergency Management Agency FX Public sector support for the organization of the ShakeOut came from the U.S. Geological Survey, Southern California Earthquake Center (funded by National Science Foundation and USGS), California Earthquake Authority, California Emergency Management Agency (formerly the Governor's Office of Emergency Services), California Seismic Safety Commission, California Geological Survey, City of Los Angeles, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Private sector supporters included Time Warner Cable, The Home Depot, State Farm Insurance, Illusion Factory, Kaiser Permanente, Tyco Electronics, QuakeHold!, Westfield, ABC7 Los Angeles, IBHS DisasterSafety.org, Pearce Global Partners, ServPro, NPA, and 3n. We gratefully acknowledge all these contributions and the commitment to earthquake safety of 5.5 million of our fellow residents of Southern California. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 575 EP 595 DI 10.1193/1.3586819 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 815OK UT WOS:000294534700020 ER PT J AU Figurski, JD Malone, D Lacy, JR Denny, M AF Figurski, Jared D. Malone, Dan Lacy, Jessica R. Denny, Mark TI An inexpensive instrument for measuring wave exposure and water velocity SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SPATIAL VARIATION; INNER SHELF; KELP FOREST; CORAL-REEFS; LONG-TERM; DISTURBANCE; FORCES; STORM AB Ocean waves drive a wide variety of nearshore physical processes, structuring entire ecosystems through their direct and indirect effects on the settlement, behavior, and survivorship of marine organisms. However, wave exposure remains difficult and expensive to measure. Here, we report on an inexpensive and easily constructed instrument for measuring wave-induced water velocities. The underwater relative swell kinetics instrument (URSKI) is a subsurface float tethered by a short (<1 m) line to the seafloor. Contained within the float is an accelerometer that records the tilt of the float in response to passing waves. During two field trials totaling 358 h, we confirmed the accuracy and precision of URSKI measurements through comparison to velocities measured by an in situ acoustic Doppler velocimeter and those predicted by a standard swell model, and we evaluated how the dimensions of the devices, its buoyancy, and sampling frequency can be modified for use in a variety of environments. C1 [Figurski, Jared D.; Malone, Dan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lacy, Jessica R.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Denny, Mark] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Figurski, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jared.figurski@gmail.com FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Mark Carr, Dave Lohse, Pete Raimondi, and Olivia Cheriton for their invaluable contributions throughout the development of URSKIs. We also thank Dan Hoover and Curt Storlazzi for their editorial input, the USGS MarFac team for assistance in collecting ADV data, and members of the RC lab for their field support, discussions, and editorial comments. Any use of product, trade, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is contribution 389 from PISCO, the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans, funded primarily by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and David and Lucile Packard Foundation. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 9 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.4319/lom.2011.9.204 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 816MI UT WOS:000294604500004 ER PT J AU Van Boeckel, TP Prosser, D Franceschini, G Biradar, C Wint, W Robinson, T Gilbert, M AF Van Boeckel, Thomas P. Prosser, Diann Franceschini, Gianluca Biradar, Chandra Wint, William Robinson, Tim Gilbert, Marius TI Modelling the distribution of domestic ducks in Monsoon Asia SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Livestock mapping; Domestic ducks; Monsoon Asia; Regression models; Highly pathogenic avian influenza ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; H5N1 INFLUENZA; THAILAND; ECOLOGY; VIRUS; RISK AB Domestic ducks are considered to be an important reservoir of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), as shown by a number of geospatial studies in which they have been identified as a significant risk factor associated with disease presence. Despite their importance in HPAI epidemiology, their large-scale distribution in Monsoon Asia is poorly understood. In this study, we created a spatial database of domestic duck census data in Asia and used it to train statistical distribution models for domestic duck distributions at a spatial resolution of 1 km. The method was based on a modelling framework used by the Food and Agriculture Organisation to produce the Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW) database, and relies on stratified regression models between domestic duck densities and a set of agro-ecological explanatory variables. We evaluated different ways of stratifying the analysis and of combining the prediction to optimize the goodness of fit of the predictions. We found that domestic duck density could be predicted with reasonable accuracy (mean RMSE and correlation coefficient between log-transformed observed and predicted densities being 0.58 and 0.80, respectively), using a stratification based on livestock production systems. We tested the use of artificially degraded data on duck distributions in Thailand and Vietnam as training data, and compared the modelled outputs with the original high-resolution data. This showed, for these two countries at least, that these approaches could be used to accurately disaggregate provincial level (administrative level 1) statistical data to provide high resolution model distributions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Gilbert, Marius] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Gilbert, Marius] Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Prosser, Diann] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prosser, Diann] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Franceschini, Gianluca; Robinson, Tim] UN, FAO, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Biradar, Chandra] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wint, William] Environm Res Grp Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QE, England. RP Gilbert, M (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, CP160-12,Av FD Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM mgilbert@ulb.ac.be OI Gilbert, Marius/0000-0003-3708-3359; Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center through the NSF/NIH [7R01TW007869-04] FX This work was partly supported by the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center through the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program (7R01TW007869-04). NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 141 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.013 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 789RU UT WOS:000292534800013 PM 21822341 ER PT J AU Prosser, DJ Wu, JX Ellis, EC Gale, F Van Boeckel, TP Wint, W Robinson, T Xiao, XM Gilbert, M AF Prosser, Diann J. Wu, Junxi Ellis, Erle C. Gale, Fred Van Boeckel, Thomas P. Wint, William Robinson, Tim Xiao, Xiangming Gilbert, Marius TI Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Poultry; China; Distribution modelling; Population estimates; GIS; Epidemiology ID H5N1 INFLUENZA-VIRUS; ECOLOGY; ASIA AB Global concerns over the emergence of zoonotic pandemics emphasize the need for high-resolution population distribution mapping and spatial modelling. Ongoing efforts to model disease risk in China have been hindered by a lack of available species level distribution maps for poultry. The goal of this study was to develop I km resolution population density models for China's chickens, ducks, and geese. We used an information theoretic approach to predict poultry densities based on statistical relationships between poultry census data and high-resolution agro-ecological predictor variables. Model predictions were validated by comparing goodness of fit measures (root mean square error and correlation coefficient) for observed and predicted values for 1/4 of the sample data which were not used for model training. Final output included mean and coefficient of variation maps for each species. We tested the quality of models produced using three predictor datasets and 4 regional stratification methods. For predictor variables, a combination of traditional predictors for livestock mapping and land use predictors produced the best goodness of fit scores. Comparison of regional stratifications indicated that for chickens and ducks, a stratification based on livestock production systems produced the best results; for geese, an agro-ecological stratification produced best results. However, for all species, each method of regional stratification produced significantly better goodness of fit scores than the global model. Here we provide descriptive methods, analytical comparisons, and model output for China's first high resolution, species level poultry distribution maps. Output will be made available to the scientific and public community for use in a wide range of applications from epidemiological studies to livestock policy and management initiatives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wu, Junxi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Ellis, Erle C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Gale, Fred] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Gilbert, Marius] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Gilbert, Marius] Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Wint, William] Environm Res Grp Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QE, England. [Robinson, Tim] UN, FAO, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Prosser, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dprosser@usgs.gov OI Ellis, Erle/0000-0002-2006-3362; Gilbert, Marius/0000-0003-3708-3359; Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU USGS; U.S. National Institutes of Health through the NIH/NSF [R01-TW007869]; NSF [OISE-0513222]; China Ministry of Health [2008ZH1004-012]; China Ministry of Science and Technology FX This work was funded in part by the USGS Wildlife Program and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (R01-TW007869) through the NIH/NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease program. Early exploration of poultry farming systems in China was supported by NSF East Asia Summer Institutes Program grant (OISE-0513222). Dr. Xiao is also supported by the Chinese Special Program for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (No. 2008ZH1004-012) from the China Ministry of Health and China Ministry of Science and Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The authors would like to thank Dr. Huimin Yan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research for use of cropping intensity data for China. We thank R. Michael Erwin, Shane Heath, and anonymous reviewers for useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 141 IS 3-4 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 789RU UT WOS:000292534800014 PM 21765567 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Woodward, A AF Beever, Erik A. Woodward, Andrea TI Ecoregional-scale monitoring within conservation areas, in a rapidly changing climate Preface SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98118 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 144 IS 5 BP 1255 EP 1257 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.001 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 791MB UT WOS:000292668200001 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Woodward, A AF Beever, Erik A. Woodward, Andrea TI Design of ecoregional monitoring in conservation areas of high-latitude ecosystems under contemporary climate change SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conceptual models; Alaska; Public lands; Monitoring objectives; Monitoring-program structure and designs ID NATURAL-RESOURCES; POWER ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-PARK; ALASKA; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; MODEL AB Land ownership in Alaska includes a mosaic of federally managed units. Within its agency's context, each unit has its own management strategy, authority, and resources of conservation concern, many of which are migratory animals. Though some units are geographically isolated, many are nevertheless linked by paths of abiotic and biotic flows, such as rivers, air masses, flyways, and terrestrial and aquatic migration routes. Furthermore, individual land units exist within the context of a larger landscape pattern of shifting conditions, requiring managers to understand at larger spatial scales the status and trends in the synchrony and spatial concurrence of species and associated suitable habitats. Results of these changes will determine the ability of Alaska lands to continue to: provide habitat for local and migratory species; absorb species whose ranges are shifting northward; and experience mitigation or exacerbation of climate change through positive and negative atmospheric feedbacks. We discuss the geographic and statutory contexts that influence development of ecological monitoring; argue for the inclusion of significant amounts of broad-scale monitoring; discuss the importance of defining clear programmatic and monitoring objectives; and draw from lessons learned from existing long-term, broad-scale monitoring programs to apply to the specific contexts relevant to high-latitude protected areas such as those in Alaska. Such areas are distinguished by their: marked seasonality; relatively large magnitudes of contemporary change in climatic parameters; and relative inaccessibility due to broad spatial extent, very low (or zero) road density, and steep and glaciated areas. For ecological monitoring to effectively support management decisions in high-latitude areas such as Alaska, a monitoring program ideally would be structured to address the actual spatial and temporal scales of relevant processes, rather than the artificial boundaries of individual land-management units. Heuristic models provide a means by which to integrate understanding of ecosystem structure, composition, and function, in the midst of numerous ecosystem drivers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98118 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM EBeever@usgs.gov; AWoodward@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 144 IS 5 BP 1258 EP 1269 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.022 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 791MB UT WOS:000292668200002 ER PT J AU Thompson, WL Miller, AE Mortenson, DC Woodward, A AF Thompson, William L. Miller, Amy E. Mortenson, Dorothy C. Woodward, Andrea TI Developing effective sampling designs for monitoring natural resources in Alaskan national parks: An example using simulations and vegetation data SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Sample size estimation; Sampling frequency; Coefficient of variation; Path Distance analysis ID ALPINE VEGETATION; KENAI PENINSULA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPRUCE; COMMUNITY; GROWTH; NEED AB Monitoring natural resources in Alaskan national parks is challenging because of their remoteness, limited accessibility, and high sampling costs. We describe an iterative, three-phased process for developing sampling designs based on our efforts to establish a vegetation monitoring program in southwest Alaska. In the first phase, we defined a sampling frame based on land ownership and specific vegetated habitats within the park boundaries and used Path Distance analysis tools to create a GIS layer that delineated portions of each park that could be feasibly accessed for ground sampling. In the second phase, we used simulations based on landcover maps to identify size and configuration of the ground sampling units (single plots or grids of plots) and to refine areas to be potentially sampled. In the third phase, we used a second set of simulations to estimate sample size and sampling frequency required to have a reasonable chance of detecting a minimum trend in vegetation cover for a specified time period and level of statistical confidence. Results of the first set of simulations indicated that a spatially balanced random sample of single plots from the most common landcover types yielded the most efficient sampling scheme. Results of the second set of simulations were compared with field data and indicated that we should be able to detect at least a 25% change in vegetation attributes over 31 years by sampling 8 or more plots per year every five years in focal landcover types. This approach would be especially useful in situations where ground sampling is restricted by access. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thompson, William L.; Miller, Amy E.; Mortenson, Dorothy C.] Natl Pk Serv, SW Alaska Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Mortenson, Dorothy C.] Oregon Water Resources Dept, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Thompson, WL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, SW Alaska Network, 240 W 5th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM bill_thompson@nps.gov; amy_e_miller@nps.gov; mortendc@wrd.state.or.us; andrea_wood-ward@usgs.gov FU National Park Service FX We thank A. Symstad, P. Geissler, E. Beever and two anonymous reviewers for their many helpful review comments that improved this manuscript. We also thank C. Roland for developing and sharing his sampling design that helped inform our work. Additional guidance came from A. Symstad, P. Spencer, T. Hollingsworth, W. Bowman, T. Jorgenson, and M. Carlson. Special thanks to C. Lindsay, C. Moore, and J. Walton for their valuable assistance in collecting field data. This work was supported by the National Park Service, SWAN I&M Program. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 144 IS 5 BP 1270 EP 1277 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.032 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 791MB UT WOS:000292668200003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JH Thompson, WL Russell, B AF Reynolds, Joel H. Thompson, William L. Russell, Brook TI Planning for success: Identifying effective and efficient survey designs for monitoring SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Cost analysis; Monte carlo simulation; Population trend; Sample size; Statistical power; Study planning ID STATISTICAL POWER; MARK-RECAPTURE; NATURAL-RESOURCES; TRENDS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; LONG; LESSONS; ALASKA; BEARS AB Selecting a survey design to detect change through time in an ecological resource requires balancing the speed with which a given level of change can be detected against the cost of monitoring. Planning studies allow one to assess these tradeoffs and identify the optimal design choices for a specific scenario of change. However, such studies seldom are conducted. Even worse, they seem least likely to be undertaken when they offer the most insight - when survey methods and monitoring designs are complex and not well captured by simple statistical models. This may be due to limited technical capacity within management agencies. Without such planning, managers risk a potentially severe waste of monitoring resources on ineffective and inefficient monitoring, and institutions will remain ignorant of the true costs of information and the potential efficiency gains afforded by a moderate increase in technical capacity. We discuss the importance of planning studies, outline their main components, and illustrate the process through an investigation of competing designs for monitoring for declining brown bear (Ursus arctos) densities in southwestern Alaska. The results provide guidance on how long monitoring must be sustained before any change is likely to be detected (under a scenario of rather strong true decline), the optimal designs for detecting a change, and a tradeoff where accepting a delay of 2 years in detecting the change could reduce the monitoring cost by almost 50%. This report emphasizes the importance of planning studies for guiding monitoring decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reynolds, Joel H.; Russell, Brook] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Realty & Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Thompson, William L.] Natl Pk Serv, SW Alaska Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Russell, Brook] Casper Coll, Dept Stat, Casper, WY 82601 USA. RP Reynolds, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Realty & Nat Resources, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 221, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joel_reynolds@fws.gov; bill_thompson@nps.gov; brooktrussell@yahoo.com RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Realty and Natural Resources in Anchorage, Alaska; Togiak National Wildlife Refuge; National Park Service, Southwest Alaska Network FX This work was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Realty and Natural Resources in Anchorage, Alaska, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, and the National Park Service, Southwest Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program. The ideas presented here were improved, often indirectly, through many conversations with Earl Becker, Patrick Walsh, Heather Renner, Emily Silverman, and Harold Laskowski. The manuscript benefited from the thoughtful comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 144 IS 5 BP 1278 EP 1284 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.002 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 791MB UT WOS:000292668200004 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Runge, MC Larson, MA AF McGowan, Conor P. Runge, Michael C. Larson, Michael A. TI Incorporating parametric uncertainty into population viability analysis models SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Charadriusmelodus; Endangered species; Piping plover; Population modeling; Population viability analysis; Parametric uncertainty; Structured decision making ID PIPING PLOVERS; EXPERT OPINION; GREAT-PLAINS; MANAGEMENT; STOCHASTICITY; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; VARIANCE; SURVIVAL AB Uncertainty in parameter estimates from sampling variation or expert judgment can introduce substantial uncertainty into ecological predictions based on those estimates. However, in standard population viability analyses, one of the most widely used tools for managing plant, fish and wildlife populations, parametric uncertainty is often ignored in or discarded from model projections. We present a method for explicitly incorporating this source of uncertainty into population models to fully account for risk in management and decision contexts. Our method involves a two-step simulation process where parametric uncertainty is incorporated into the replication loop of the model and temporal variance is incorporated into the loop for time steps in the model. Using the piping plover, a federally threatened shorebird in the USA and Canada, as an example, we compare abundance projections and extinction probabilities from simulations that exclude and include parametric uncertainty. Although final abundance was very low for all sets of simulations, estimated extinction risk was much greater for the simulation that incorporated parametric uncertainty in the replication loop. Decisions about species conservation (e.g., listing, delisting, and jeopardy) might differ greatly depending on the treatment of parametric uncertainty in population models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.; Runge, Michael C.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Larson, Michael A.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX This work was supported by the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. We thank M.R. Ryan, J.D. Nichols, M. Eaton, and J. Martin for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank the editors and anonymous reviews for helping us to improve this manuscript. NR 47 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 144 IS 5 BP 1400 EP 1408 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.01.005 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 791MB UT WOS:000292668200021 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Derocher, AE Thiemann, GW Stirling, I AF Peacock, E. Derocher, A. E. Thiemann, G. W. Stirling, I. TI Conservation and management of Canada's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in a changing Arctic SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Review ID LOCAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FREEZE/THAW PROCESSES; POPULATION VIABILITY; HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MARINE MAMMALS; BARENTS SEA AB Canada has an important responsibility for the research, conservation, and management of polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) because the majority of polar bears in the world occur within the nation's borders. Two fundamental and recent changes for polar bears and their conservation have arisen: (1) the ongoing and projected further decline of sea-ice habitat as a result of climate change and (2) the implementation of aboriginal land claims and treaties in Canada's North. Science has documented empirical links between productivity of polar bear population and sea-ice change. Predictive modeling based on these data has forecast significant declines in polar bear abundance and distribution of polar bears. With the signing of northern land claims and treaties, polar bear management in Canada has integrated local aboriginal participation, values, and knowledge. The interaction of scientific and local perspectives on polar bears as they relate to harvest, climate change, and declining habitat has recently caused controversy. Some conservation, management, and research decisions have been contentious because of gaps in scientific knowledge and the polarization and politicization of the roles of the various stakeholders. With these ecological and governance transitions, there is a need to re-focus and re-direct polar bear conservation in Canada. C1 [Peacock, E.] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Derocher, A. E.; Stirling, I.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Thiemann, G. W.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Stirling, I.] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6G 3S5, Canada. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lpeacock@usgs.gov RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Thiemann, Gregory/J-9517-2013 OI Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; NR 110 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 12 U2 192 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 89 IS 5 SI SI BP 371 EP 385 DI 10.1139/Z11-021 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 775QS UT WOS:000291478600002 ER PT J AU Paxton, EH Theimer, TC Sogge, MK AF Paxton, Eben H. Theimer, Tad C. Sogge, Mark K. TI TAMARISK BIOCONTROL USING TAMARISK BEETLES: POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES FOR RIPARIAN BIRDS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE tamarisk; Tamarix; saltcedar; invasive plants; riparian habitat; biocontrol; ecological trap; Diorhabda ID GYPSY-MOTH DEFOLIATION; THAUMETOPOEA-PITYOCAMPA POPULATION; NEST-SITE SELECTION; SPRUCE BUDWORM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WILLOW FLYCATCHER; BREEDING BIRDS; COLORADO RIVER; NUMERICAL RESPONSE; SHIFTED PHENOLOGY AB The tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda spp.), a non-native biocontrol agent, has been introduced to eradicate tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), a genus of non-native tree that has become a dominant component of riparian woodlands in the southwestern United States. Tamarisk beetles have the potential to spread widely and defoliate large expanses of tamarisk habitat, but the effects of such a widespread loss of riparian vegetation on birds remains unknown. We reviewed literature on the effects of other defoliating insects on birds to investigate the potential for tamarisk beetles to affect birds positively or negatively by changing food abundance and vegetation structure. We then combined data on the temporal patterns of tamarisk defoliation by beetles with nest productivity of a well-studied riparian obligate, the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), to simulate the potential demographic consequences of beetle defoliation on breeding riparian birds in both the short and long term. Our results highlight that the effects of tamarisk biocontrol on birds will likely vary by species and population, depending upon its sensitivity to seasonal defoliation by beetles and net loss of riparian habitat due to tamarisk mortality. Species with restricted distributions that include areas dominated by tamarisk may be negatively affected both in the short and long term. The rate of regeneration and/or restoration of native cottonwoods (Populus spp.) and willows (Salix spp.) relative to the rate of tamarisk loss will be critical in determining the long-term effect of this large-scale ecological experiment. C1 [Paxton, Eben H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Islands Ecol Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Theimer, Tad C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sogge, Mark K.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Paxton, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Islands Ecol Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM eben_paxton@usgs.gov OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 NR 94 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 56 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.090226 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 779CD UT WOS:000291754800002 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Anteau, ACE Afton, AD AF Anteau, Michael J. Anteau, Andrea C. E. Afton, Alan D. TI TESTING COMPETING HYPOTHESES FOR CHRONOLOGY AND INTENSITY OF LESSER SCAUP MOLT DURING WINTER AND SPRING MIGRATION SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE duck; feather; incubation; migration; molt; plumage; waterfowl ID RING-NECKED DUCKS; MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; UPPER-MIDWEST; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; FEMALE MALLARDS; AYTHYA-AFFINIS; ANNUAL CYCLE; DIETS; AGE; CANVASBACKS AB We examined chronology and intensity of molt and their relationships to nutrient reserves (lipid and protein) of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) to test predictions of two competing hypotheses. The "staggered cost" hypothesis states that contour-feather molt is nutritionally costly and should not occur during nutritionally costly periods of the annual cycle unless adequate nutrients are available. The "breeding plumage" hypothesis states that prealternate molt must be complete prior to nesting, regardless of nutrient availability. Males and females were completing prebasic molt during winter (Louisiana) and had similar molt intensities. Females underwent prealternate molt during spring migration (Illinois and Minnesota) and prebreeding (Manitoba) periods; 53% and 93% of females were in moderate to heavy molt in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively, despite experiencing other substantial nutritional costs. Intensity of prealternate molt was not correlated with lipid reserves even though females, on average, were nutritionally stressed. Molt intensity was not negatively correlated with protein reserves at any location. Chronology and intensity of prealternate molt varied little and were not temporally staggered from other nutritionally costly events. Prealternate molt did not influence nutrient reserves, and nutrient reserves likely were not the ultimate factor influencing chronology or intensity of prealternate molt of females. We surmise that nutrients required for prealternate molt come from exogenous sources and that the "staggered cost" hypothesis does not explain chronology of prealternate molt in female Lesser Scaup; rather, it appears that molt must be complete prior to nesting, consistent with the "breeding plumage" hypothesis. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Anteau, Andrea C. E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov FU Delta Waterfowl Foundation; Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research (IWWR) of Ducks Unlimited Canada; IWWR of Ducks Unlimited USA; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service region 3; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service region 4; USGS Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Louisiana State University; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX We thank Jason Caswell, Scott Durham, Paul Dummer, Ken Richkus, and Scotland Talley for assisting with collections. We are grateful for logistical support provided by Richard Anderson, Christine Custer, Jim Fisher, Robert Helm, Steve Havera, Toni Hess, Joel Huener, Tommy Michot, Paul Telander, Frank Rohwer, the Delta Waterfowl Foundation, Louisiana State University, Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Wetland Research Center, Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Western Illinois University, Tri-Tronics Training Collars, and Federal, Winchester, Estate, and Kent cartridge companies. We acknowledge Maggie Anderson, Michael Anderson, Francois Bolduc, Frank Bowers, Bill Hohman, Steve Kufrin, and Steve Wilds for their support of this project. We also thank the following organizations for financial support: Delta Waterfowl Foundation, the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research (IWWR) of Ducks Unlimited Canada, IWWR of Ducks Unlimited USA under the Edward D. and Sally Futch Fellowship program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regions 3 and 4, the USGS Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Louisiana State University, and the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Last, we thank, Dan Esler, Bill Hohman, Jon Jonsson, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. The Louisiana State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved our experimental protocol (number 00-011). The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. government or the USGS. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100055 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 779CD UT WOS:000291754800006 ER PT J AU Fedy, B Martin, K AF Fedy, Bradley Martin, Kathy TI THE INFLUENCE OF FINE-SCALE HABITAT FEATURES ON REGIONAL VARIATION IN POPULATION PERFORMANCE OF ALPINE WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Lagopus leucura; grouse; alpine; resource selection; habitat use; White-tailed Ptarmigan; fragmentation; metapopulation ID LAGOPUS-LEUCURUS; WILLOW PTARMIGAN; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA; EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS; RESOURCE SELECTION; MALE VIGILANCE; PREFERENCES; QUALITY; MICROHABITAT AB It is often assumed (explicitly or implicitly) that animals select habitat features to maximize fitness. However, there is often a mismatch between preferred habitats and indices of individual and population measures of performance. We examined the influence of fine-scale habitat selection on the overall population performance of the White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), an alpine specialist, in two subdivided populations whose habitat patches are configured differently. The central region of Vancouver Island, Canada, has more continuous and larger habitat patches than the southern region. In 2003 and 2004, using paired logistic regression between used (n = 176) and available (n = 324) sites, we identified food availability, distance to standing water, and predator cover as preferred habitat components. We then quantified variation in population performance in the two regions in terms of sex ratio, age structure (n = 182 adults and yearlings), and reproductive success (n = 98 females) on the basis of 8 years of data (1995-1999, 2002-2004). Region strongly influenced females' breeding success, which, unsuccessful hens included, was consistently higher in the central region (n = 77 females) of the island than in the south (n = 21 females, P = 0.01). The central region also had a much higher proportion of successful hens (87%) than did the south (55%, P < 0.001). In light of our findings, we suggest that population performance is influenced by a combination of fine-scale habitat features and coarse-scale habitat configuration. C1 [Fedy, Bradley] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Martin, Kathy] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Fedy, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bcfedy@gmail.com OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada; University of British Columbia; NSERC; Society of Canadian Ornithologists and Friends of Ecological Reserves; Forest Renewal British Columbia; Environment Canada FX We thank the many field assistants who were a part of the project, in particular Mark Wong, who provided excellent field assistance for several years. Comments from M. Drever and P. Arcese improved the manuscript. M. Mossop provided organizational assistance. B.C.F. was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada Graduate Scholarship, a University of British Columbia Graduate Scholarship, and an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship. Research was supported by grants from the Society of Canadian Ornithologists and Friends of Ecological Reserves to B.C.F., and by an NSERC Discovery Grant and Forest Renewal British Columbia and Environment Canada support to K.M. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 24 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100070 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 779CD UT WOS:000291754800007 ER PT J AU Millsap, BA Seipke, SH Clark, WS AF Millsap, Brian A. Seipke, Sergio H. Clark, William S. TI THE GRAY HAWK (BUTEO NITIDUS) IS TWO SPECIES SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Buteo nitidus; Buteo plagiatus; Gray Hawk; Gray-lined Hawk; species; taxonomy ID NORTH-AMERICAN-BIRDS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENUS BUTEO; ACCIPITRIDAE; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION AB We compared the plumage, morphology, and the alarm call of two taxa of the Gray Hawk (Buteo nitidus) from north and south of a distributional gap in the species' range in Costa Rica. We found all age and sex classes completely distinguishable on the basis of several discrete plumage features. Three of four age and sex classes were diagnosably distinct by measurements of external morphology alone, and the two taxa had diagnosably different alarm calls. On the basis of the level and stability of morphological differentiation, and consistent with prior work suggesting substantial genetic differentiation between the two taxa, we recommend they be recognized as full species, B. nitidus, the Gray-lined Hawk, south of the distributional gap in Costa Rica, and B. plagiatus, the Gray Hawk, north of the gap. C1 [Millsap, Brian A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Millsap, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM brian_a_millsap@fws.gov FU Biology Department at George Mason University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region; American Museum of Natural History; Peregrine Fund; Princeton University Press; Ben Olewine III FX This work is based in part on BAM's M.Sc. thesis, and he acknowledges the support of the Biology Department at George Mason University, and particularly the guidance of his committee chair D. W. Johnston and committee member R. C. Banks. BAM's work was supported by grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region, and from the Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund, American Museum of Natural History. Field and museum work by SHS was partially financed by The Peregrine Fund, Princeton University Press, and Ben Olewine III. We all gratefully acknowledge the assistance and access to museum material provided by all the institutions visited, and we recognize this material is available only because of the dedication of the many ornithologists and naturalists who preceded us. We thank T. Bishop and J. I. Areta for their assistance in providing digital call recordings from the Macaulay Library at Cornell University, and we thank all those who contributed their call recordings to these institutions. L. Sandoval graciously allowed us to use his call recording from Costa Rica. We thank Princeton University Press for permission to use the illustrations of the Gray Hawk and Gray-lined Hawk in Figure 1 and J. Schmitt, the artist, who agreed to this permission. The illustrations will be in a field guide to the raptors of Mexico and Central America authored by WSC and J. Schmitt and published by Princeton University Press. J. I. Areta, B. Howe, J. Morgart, M. Patten, S. Chambers, and three anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 326 EP 339 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100089 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 779CD UT WOS:000291754800009 ER PT J AU Hatch, SA Gill, VA Mulcahy, DM AF Hatch, Scott A. Gill, Verena A. Mulcahy, Daniel M. TI MIGRATION AND WINTERING AREAS OF GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULLS FROM SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Glaucous-winged Gull; Larus glaucescens; Middleton Island; migration; migratory connectivity; satellite telemetry; wintering areas ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POPULATION-GROWTH; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; LARUS-GLAUCESCENS; NORTHERN FULMARS; TRACKING; DUCKS; CONNECTIVITY; MOVEMENTS AB We used satellite telemetry to investigate the migration patterns and wintering areas of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) from Middleton Island, Alaska, where this species' population increased tenfold from the 1970s to the 1990s. Fall migration spanned 11 weeks, including numerous stopovers en route, apparently for feeding. Spring migration from wintering sites to Middleton Island was shorter (4 weeks) and more direct. One juvenile spent several months in southern Prince William Sound. An adult spent several months near Craig, southeast Alaska, while three others overwintered in southern British Columbia. For all four wintering adults use of refuse-disposal sites was evident or strongly suggested. Commensalism with humans may have contributed to the increase on Middleton, but a strong case can also be made for a competing explanation regional recruitment of gulls to high-quality nesting habitat in Alaska created after the earthquake of 1964. An analysis of band returns reveals broad overlap in the wintering grounds of gulls from different Alaska colonies and of gulls banded on the west coast from British Columbia to California. The seasonal movement of many gulls from Alaska is decidedly migratory, whereas gulls from British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon disperse locally in winter. C1 [Hatch, Scott A.; Gill, Verena A.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM shatch@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 340 EP 351 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.090224 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 779CD UT WOS:000291754800010 ER PT J AU Mattsson, BJ Latta, SC Cooper, RJ Mulvihill, RS AF Mattsson, Brady J. Latta, Steven C. Cooper, Robert J. Mulvihill, Robert S. TI LATITUDINAL VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES BY THE MIGRATORY LOUISIANA WATERTHRUSH SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE fecundity; latitudinal variation; neotropical migrant; stochastic individual-based model; life history components; Louisiana Waterthrush; Parkesia motacilla ID SEIURUS-MOTACILLA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLUTCH-SIZE; BIRDS; ECOLOGY; FOOD AB We evaluated hypotheses that seek to explain breeding strategies of the Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) that vary across a latitudinal gradient. On the basis of data from 418 nests of color-banded individuals in southwestern Pennsylvania and 700 km south in the Georgia Piedmont, we found that clutch size in replacement nests and probability of renesting were significantly greater in Pennsylvania (clutch size 4.4; renesting probability 0.66) than in Georgia (clutch size 3.8; renesting probability 0.54). Contrasts of the remaining measures of breeding were not statistically significant, and, in particular, mean daily nest survival in the two study areas was nearly identical (0.974 in Pennsylvania; 0.975 in Georgia). An individual-based model of fecundity (i.e., number of fledged young per adult female), predicted that approximately half of the females in both Pennsylvania and Georgia fledge at least one young, and mean values for fecundity in Pennsylvania and Georgia were 2.28 and 1.91, respectively. On the basis of greater support for the food-limitation hypothesis than for the season-length hypothesis, the trade-off between breeding in a region with more food but making a longer migration may be greater for waterthrushes breeding farther north than for those breeding farther south. C1 [Mattsson, Brady J.; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Latta, Steven C.] Natl Aviary, Dept Conservat & Field Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. [Mulvihill, Robert S.] Powdermill Avian Res Ctr, Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Rector, PA 15677 USA. RP Mattsson, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bmattsson@usgs.gov RI Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015 OI Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538 FU Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Carnegie Museum of Natural History; Pittsburgh Foundation; U.S. Forest Service [02CS11080300006B]; University of Georgia [02CS11080300006B]; Georgia Ornithological Society; Georgia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division [028774-01]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [027008-01]; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources FX We thank multiple broods of field assistants, student interns, and volunteers for help recording many of the observations and data for both the Georgia and Pennsylvania studies. For access to Pennsylvania study sites away from Powdermill Nature Reserve, as well as other logistical support, we thank several private landowners, the Loyalhanna Watershed Association, Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry, Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks, Pennsylvania Game Commission, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resource Conservation Service, Western Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation, Pennsylvania Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation, Westmoreland County and Somerset County Conservation District offices, California University of Pennsylvania, Saint Vincent College, and the Pennsylvania State University. We thank Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Plum Creek Timber Company, and other private landowners for permission to use their lands for the Georgia study. We thank the Piedmont refuge's staff for providing housing and office support, C. Delatore for assistance in obtaining permission to conduct research on private lands, and N. Klaus for advice and support during the planning stages of the Georgia study. We thank the Cooper Lab and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Felicity Newell deserves special mention and thanks for facilitating our study by providing some additional review and analysis of the Pennsylvania data. Funding for the Pennsylvania study was provided by the Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the William H. and Ingrid S. Rea and M. Graham Netting research funds of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and the M. Graham and Jane S. Netting Environmental Fund of The Pittsburgh Foundation. Funding for the Georgia study came from a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Forest Service and University of Georgia (contract 02CS11080300006B), grants from the Georgia Ornithological Society (H. Branch Howe Jr. Graduate Student Research Grant), Georgia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division (proposal 028774-01), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act Grant, proposal 027008-01), and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources. Materials and methods used in this study comply with the current policies of the University of Georgia and Carnegie Museum of Natural History, as well as relevant state and federal laws and permits governing the capture and banding of wild birds. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 412 EP 418 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.090212 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 779CD UT WOS:000291754800017 ER PT J AU Hovick, TJ Miller, JR Koford, RR Engle, DM Debinski, DM AF Hovick, Torre J. Miller, James R. Koford, Rolf R. Engle, David M. Debinski, Diane M. TI POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL OF GRASSHOPPER SPARROWS IN GRASSLANDS MANAGED WITH FIRE AND GRAZING SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus savannarum; Grasshopper Sparrow; patch-burn grazing; postfledging survival; prescribed fire; tallgrass prairie ID HABITAT QUALITY; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; RESTORED GRASSLANDS; WOOD THRUSHES; MOVEMENTS; BIRDS; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; MESOPREDATOR AB More accurate estimates of survival after nestlings fledge are needed for population models to be parameterized and population dynamics to be understood during this vulnerable life stage. The period after fledging is the time when chicks learn to fly, forage, and hide from predators. We monitored postfledging survival, cause-specific mortality, and movements of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) in grassland managed with fire and grazing. In 2009, we attached radio transmitters to 50 nestlings from 50 different broods and modeled their survival in response to climatic, biological, and ecological variables. There was no effect of treatment on survival. The factor most influencing postfledging survival was age; no other variable was significant. The majority of chicks (74%) died within 3 days of radio-transmitter attachment. We attributed most mortality to mesopredators (48%) and exposure (28%). Fledglings' movements increased rapidly for the first 4 days after they left the nest and were relatively stable for the remaining 10 days we tracked them. On average, fledglings took flight for the first time 4 days after fledging and flew >= 10 m 9 days after fledging. Our data show that the Grasshopper Sparrow's survival rates may be less than most models relying on nest-success estimates predict, and we emphasize the importance of incorporating estimates of survival during the postfledging period in demographic models. C1 [Hovick, Torre J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Miller, James R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Koford, Rolf R.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Debinski, Diane M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hovick, TJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM torre.hovick@gmail.com OI Debinski, Diane/0000-0002-7144-4640 FU Nebraska Chapter of the Nature Conservancy; Association of Field Ornithologists; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; United States Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative; Iowa State Wildlife Grants [T-1-R-15] FX This work was supported by a J. E. Weaver Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of the Nature Conservancy, an A. Bergstrom award from the Association of Field Ornithologists, a grant from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources small-grants program, and the United States Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative Grant. Partial funding for this project was through the Iowa State Wildlife Grants program grant T-1-R-15 in cooperation with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program. We are grateful to Joseph Lautenbach, Jonathan Lautenbach, Shannon Rusk, Finn Pillsbury, Devan McGranahan, and Meghan Kirkwood. Thanks to Ryan Harr for logistics and Steve Dinsmore for statistical help. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 37 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100135 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 779CD UT WOS:000291754800019 ER PT J AU Hagler, MM Freeman, MC Wenger, SJ Freeman, BJ Rakes, PL Shute, JR AF Hagler, Megan M. Freeman, Mary C. Wenger, Seth J. Freeman, Byron J. Rakes, Patrick L. Shute, J. R. TI Use of recent and historical records to estimate status and trends of a rare and imperiled stream fish, Percina jenkinsi (Percidae) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POPULATION-SIZE; RATES; CONSERVATION; COUNTS AB Rarely encountered animals may be present but undetected, potentially leading to incorrect assumptions about the persistence of a local population or the conservation priority of a particular area. The federally endangered and narrowly endemic Conasauga logperch (Percina jenkinsi) is a good example of a rarely encountered fish species of conservation concern, for which basic population statistics are lacking. We evaluated the occurrence frequency for this species using surveys conducted with a repeat-observation sampling approach during the summer of 2008. We also analyzed museum records since the late 1980s to evaluate the trends in detected status through time. The results of these analyses provided support for a declining trend in this species over a portion of its historical range, despite low estimated detection probability. We used the results to identify the expected information return for a given level of monitoring where the sampling approach incorporates incomplete detection. The method applied here may be of value where historic occurrence records are available, provided that the assumption of constant capture efficiency is reasonable. C1 [Hagler, Megan M.; Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wenger, Seth J.] Trout Unltd US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rakes, Patrick L.; Shute, J. R.] Conservat Fisheries Inc, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Hagler, MM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 110 Riverbend Rd,Room 101, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM megan@hemip.nhm.uga.edu RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 739 EP 748 DI 10.1139/F2011-014 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 775GD UT WOS:000291445900001 ER PT J AU Johannsson, OE Bowen, KL Holeck, KT Walsh, MG AF Johannsson, Ora E. Bowen, Kelly L. Holeck, Kristen T. Walsh, Maureen G. TI Mysis diluviana population and cohort dynamics in Lake Ontario before and after the establishment of Dreissena spp., Cercopagis pengoi, and Bythotrephes longimanus SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOWER FOOD-WEB; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PREDATORY CLADOCERAN; GREAT-LAKES; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; INVASIVE PREDATOR; ECOSYSTEM CHANGE; RAINBOW SMELT; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER AB We investigated population responses of Mysis to ecosystem changes induced by invasion of dreissenids and predatory cladocerans, Cercopagis and Bythotrephes. Lake productivity declined as dreissenids invaded the offshore region. Whole-lake mysid biomass was compared before (early 1990s) and after (2002-2007) the invasion period; it declined 40%-45%. Abundance of young mysids and presence of a summer cohort increased with summer, epilmnetic, nighttime zooplankton biomass (i.e., food biomass index). Cercopagis + Bythotrephes biomass was negatively correlated with this index, implicating them in the mysid decline. Eggs per gravid female increased with autumn, total-water-column zooplankton biomass, reflecting the greater use of hypolimnetic waters by adults. Reproductive success was below replacement during the period 2002-2005. First-year mysid growth rate was maintained while population abundance declined, suggesting selection for individuals that feed effectively at low food concentrations. Mortality rates in the first and second years were dependent on cohort density, indicating that competition for food limited abundance in the first 2 years. Fish predation indices (smelt and alewife combined) were correlated positively with mortality rates and negatively with abundance in the third year. Thus, mysids cannot support as many fish in invaded compared with non-invaded lakes. They may also not be a stable food resource; unusual cohort losses occurred in some years. C1 [Johannsson, Ora E.; Bowen, Kelly L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Holeck, Kristen T.] Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13100 USA. [Walsh, Maureen G.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Johannsson, OE (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM ora.wood@gmail.com FU OMNR through the Canada Ontario Agreement; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; NSERC; University of Toronto; Cornell University; US Geological Survey FX Foremost, we acknowledge our indebtedness to the Canadian Coast Guard, who has supplied the ships and manpower for the fall mysid cruises, without which this program could never be accomplished, and for their generous assistance at all times. We thank Scott Millard (DFO) and Bruce Morrison (OMNR), whose continuous support for the program ensured its viability. We also thank other program managers (Michael Arts, Ed Mills, Bob O'Gorman) who have contributed to these studies and the many people who have helped with sampling and sample analysis: Robert Bonnell, Martina Rudy, Christian Schlechtriem, Monica Grenados, and in particular Jocelyn Gerlofsma and Tania Hollinger. The excellent map of Lake Ontario was constructed by Carolyn Bakelaar. Special thanks go to Brent Boscarino, Bob O'Gorman, and Ted Shaner, who specifically analyzed and provided insight from their unpublished data at critical points. Reviews by Bob O'Gorman, Lars Rudstam, and Tom Stewart greatly improved the manuscript. OEJ thanks Danielle McDonald and Margory Oleksiak for their welcome at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences while working on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the OMNR through the Canada Ontario Agreement, by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, NSERC Strategic Grant (1990-1995) to G. Sprules, University of Toronto, Cornell University, and US Geological Survey. This manuscript is Contribution 1630 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and No. 276 of the Cornell Biological Field Station. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 795 EP 811 DI 10.1139/F2011-028 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 775GD UT WOS:000291445900006 ER PT J AU Eskelson, BNI Anderson, PD Hagar, JC Temesgen, H AF Eskelson, Bianca N. I. Anderson, Paul. D. Hagar, Joan C. Temesgen, Hailemariam TI Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL DRIFT; CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; WESTERN WASHINGTON; HEADWATER FORESTS; SMALL STREAMS; CLEAR-CUT; MANAGEMENT; GRADIENTS; OREGON; LANDSCAPE AB Predictive models of microclimate under various site conditions in forested headwater stream - riparian areas are poorly developed, and sampling designs for characterizing underlying riparian microclimate gradients are sparse. We used riparian microclimate data collected at eight headwater streams in the Oregon Coast Range to compare ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), and kriging with external drift (KED) for point prediction of mean maximum air temperature (T-air). Several topographic and forest structure characteristics were considered as site-specific parameters. Height above stream and distance to stream were the most important covariates in the KED models, which outperformed OK and UK in terms of root mean square error. Sample patterns were optimized based on the kriging variance and the weighted means of shortest distance criterion using the simulated annealing algorithm. The optimized sample patterns outperformed systematic sample patterns in terms of mean kriging variance mainly for small sample sizes. These findings suggest methods for increasing efficiency of microclimate monitoring in riparian areas. C1 [Eskelson, Bianca N. I.; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Paul. D.] US Forest Serv, Biol & Culture Forest Plants Team, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Hagar, Joan C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Eskelson, BNI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bianca.eskelson@oregonstate.edu RI Eskelson, Bianca/P-6095-2016 OI Eskelson, Bianca/0000-0002-3398-2333 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 41 IS 5 BP 974 EP 985 DI 10.1139/X11-015 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 775GI UT WOS:000291446400007 ER PT J AU Solovitz, SA Mastin, LG Saffaraval, F AF Solovitz, Stephen A. Mastin, Larry G. Saffaraval, Farhad TI Experimental Study of Near-Field Entrainment of Moderately Overpressured Jets SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT JET; VOLCANIC JETS; CONVECTION; VELOCITY AB Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been conducted to study the velocity flow fields in the developing flow region of high-speed jets. These velocity distributions were examined to determine the entrained mass flow over a range of geometric and flow conditions, including overpressured cases up to an overpressure ratio of 2.83. In the region near the jet exit, all measured flows exhibited the same entrainment up until the location of the first shock when overpressured. Beyond this location, the entrainment was reduced with increasing overpressure ratio, falling to approximately 60% of the magnitudes seen when subsonic. Since entrainment ratios based on lower speed, subsonic results are typically used in one-dimensional volcanological models of plume development, the current analytical methods will underestimate the likelihood of column collapse. In addition, the concept of the entrainment ratio normalization is examined in detail, as several key assumptions in this methodology do not apply when overpressured. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004083] C1 [Solovitz, Stephen A.; Saffaraval, Farhad] Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Mastin, Larry G.] USGS Cascade Volcanoes Observ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Solovitz, SA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave,VELS 130F, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM stevesol@vancouver.wsu.edu; lgmastin@usgs.gov; f-saffaraval@vancouver.wsu.edu NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2011 VL 133 IS 5 AR 051304 DI 10.1115/1.4004083 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 774QV UT WOS:000291402100013 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Rohweder, JJ AF De Jager, Nathan R. Rohweder, Jason J. TI Spatial scaling of core and dominant forest cover in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois River floodplains, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Exponential decay; Forest fragmentation; Fractal; Half-scale; Landscape pattern; Restoration ID UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE SCALES; STOPOVER HABITATS; WISCONSIN RIVER; WATER-QUALITY; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPES; PATTERNS; RIPARIAN; ECOSYSTEMS AB Different organisms respond to spatial structure in different terms and across different spatial scales. As a consequence, efforts to reverse habitat loss and fragmentation through strategic habitat restoration ought to account for the different habitat density and scale requirements of various taxonomic groups. Here, we estimated the local density of floodplain forest surrounding each of similar to 20 million 10-m forested pixels of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois River floodplains by using moving windows of multiple sizes (1-100 ha). We further identified forest pixels that met two local density thresholds: 'core' forest pixels were nested in a 100% (unfragmented) forested window and 'dominant' forest pixels were those nested in a > 60% forested window. Finally, we fit two scaling functions to declines in the proportion of forest cover meeting these criteria with increasing window length for 107 management-relevant focal areas: a power function (i.e. self-similar, fractal-like scaling) and an exponential decay function (fractal dimension depends on scale). The exponential decay function consistently explained more variation in changes to the proportion of forest meeting both the 'core' and 'dominant' criteria with increasing window length than did the power function, suggesting that elevation, soil type, hydrology, and human land use constrain these forest types to a limited range of scales. To examine these scales, we transformed the decay constants to measures of the distance at which the probability of forest meeting the 'core' and 'dominant' criteria was cut in half (S(1/2), m). S(1/2) for core forest was typically between similar to 55 and similar to 95 m depending on location along the river, indicating that core forest cover is restricted to extremely fine scales. In contrast, half of all dominant forest cover was lost at scales that were typically between similar to 525 and 750 m, but S(1/2) was as long as 1,800 m. S(1/2) is a simple measure that (1) condenses information derived from multi-scale analyses, (2) allows for comparisons of the amount of forest habitat available to species with different habitat density and scale requirements, and (3) can be used as an index of the spatial continuity of habitat types that do not scale fractally. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Rohweder, Jason J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov RI De Jager, Nathan/B-8470-2013; OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) of the Upper Mississippi River System's Environmental Management Program FX This study was made possible by funding from the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) of the Upper Mississippi River System's Environmental Management Program, which consists of five state agencies (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin) and four federal agencies (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey). The support of this group is greatly appreciated. We also appreciate the helpful comments on this and earlier versions of this manuscript from Eileen Kirsch, Sammy King, and Wayne Thogmartin (USGS), John Pastor (University of Minnesota), and three anonymous reviewers. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 697 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9594-2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 775TA UT WOS:000291485100008 ER PT J AU Richmond, BM Watt, S Buckley, M Jaffe, BE Gelfenbaum, G Morton, RA AF Richmond, Bruce M. Watt, Steve Buckley, Mark Jaffe, Bruce E. Gelfenbaum, Guy Morton, Robert A. TI Recent storm and tsunami coarse-clast deposit characteristics, southeast Hawai'i SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tsunami deposits; storm deposits; gravel; boulder transport; Hawai'i ID EXAMPLES; SCOTLAND; VOLCANO; KILAUEA AB Deposits formed by extreme waves can be useful in elucidating the type and characteristics of the depositional event. The study area on the southeast coast of the island of Hawai'i is characterized by the presence of geologically young basalts of known age that are mantled by recent wave-derived sedimentary deposits. The area has been impacted by large swells, storms and tsunamis over the last century, and in combination with known substrate ages makes this an ideal location to study recent deposits produced by such events. Three distinct coarse-clast deposit assemblages can be recognized based on clast size, composition, angularity, orientation, packing, elevation and inland distance of the deposit. These deposits are characterized as one of three types. 1) Gravel fields of isolated clasts, primarily boulder-size material, and scattered pockets of concentrated sand and gravel in topographic lows. 2) Shore-parallel and cuspate ridges composed mostly of rounded basalt gravel and sand with small amounts of carbonate detritus. The ridges range in height from about 1 to 3 m and are 10s of m wide. 3) Cliff-top deposits of scattered angular and subangular clasts along sea cliffs that are generally greater than 5 m elevation. The gravel fields are primarily of tsunami origin from either the 1975 Kalapana event, or a combination of the 1975 tsunami, and 1868 tsunami or earlier events. The ridge deposits are presently active and sediment continues to be added during high wave events. The cliff-top deposits contain evidence of deposition by both tsunami and storm processes and require further investigation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richmond, Bruce M.; Watt, Steve; Buckley, Mark; Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78750 USA. RP Richmond, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM brichmond@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 FU USGS FX Walter Dudley, John Coney, M.J. deMaintenon, and Genevieve Cain are gratefully acknowledged for introducing the authors to the deposits of the Halape Coast and assistance with field mapping in August 2007. Chip and Chase Fletcher assisted with the 2007 field survey, and Janet Watt assisted with field measurements in the August 2008 survey, their contributions are greatly appreciated. Staffs of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory were extremely helpful in logistics planning and support of field activities. Funding was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.08.001 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 776HH UT WOS:000291524600007 ER PT J AU Malanson, GP Resler, LM Bader, MY Holtmeier, FK Butler, DR Weiss, DJ Daniels, LD Fagre, DB AF Malanson, George P. Resler, Lynn M. Bader, Maaike Y. Holtmeier, Friedrich-Karl Butler, David R. Weiss, Daniel J. Daniels, Lori D. Fagre, Daniel B. TI Mountain Treelines: a Roadmap for Research Orientation SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; ALPINE TREE-LINE; LOW-TEMPERATURE PHOTOINHIBITION; COLD-INDUCED PHOTOINHIBITION; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FOREST-TUNDRA ECOTONE; CENTRAL SWISS ALPS; CARBON BALANCE; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; ABIES-LASIOCARPA AB For over 100 years, mountain treelines have been the subject of varied research endeavors and remain a strong area of investigation. The purpose of this paper is to examine aspects of the epistemology of mountain treeline research-that is, to investigate how knowledge on treelines has been acquired and the changes in knowledge acquisition over time, through a review of fundamental questions and approaches. The questions treeline researchers have raised and continue to raise have undoubtedly directed the current state of knowledge. A continuing, fundamental emphasis has centered on seeking the general cause of mountain treelines, thus seeking an answer to the question, "What causes treeline?" with a primary emphasis on searching for ecophysiological mechanisms of low-temperature limitation for tree growth and regeneration. However, treeline research today also includes a rich literature that seeks local, landscape-scale causes of treelines and reasons why treelines vary so widely in three-dimensional patterns from one location to the next, and this approach and some of its consequences are elaborated here. In recent years, both lines of research have been motivated greatly by global climate change. Given the current state of knowledge, we propose that future research directions focused on a spatial approach should specifically address cross-scale hypotheses using statistics and simulations designed for nested hierarchies; these analyses will benefit from geographic extension of treeline research. C1 [Resler, Lynn M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Malanson, George P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Bader, Maaike Y.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Holtmeier, Friedrich-Karl] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Butler, David R.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Weiss, Daniel J.] Yellowstone Ecol Res Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Daniels, Lori D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Resler, LM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM resler@vt.edu RI Bader, Maaike/M-7998-2013 OI Bader, Maaike/0000-0003-4300-7598 FU U.S. Geological Survey [04CRA00030] FX This paper was initiated at a workshop organized by the Mountain GeoDynamics Research Group that was supported by cooperative agreement 04CRA00030 with the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 202 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 65 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 43 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-43.2.167 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 770WH UT WOS:000291118700001 ER PT J AU Risley, J Moradkhani, H Hay, L Markstrom, S AF Risley, John Moradkhani, Hamid Hay, Lauren Markstrom, Steve TI Statistical Comparisons of Watershed-Scale Response to Climate Change in Selected Basins across the United States SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Watershed modeling; Streamflow; Snowmelt; Rainfall; Groundwater ID RIVER-BASIN; IMPACTS; MODELS AB In an earlier global climate-change study, air temperature and precipitation data for the entire twenty-first century simulated from five general circulation models were used as input to precalibrated watershed models for 14 selected basins across the United States. Simulated daily streamflow and energy output from the watershed models were used to compute a range of statistics. With a side-by-side comparison of the statistical analyses for the 14 basins, regional climatic and hydrologic trends over the twenty-first century could be qualitatively identified. Low-flow statistics (95% exceedance, 7-day mean annual minimum, and summer mean monthly streamflow) decreased for almost all basins. Annual maximum daily streamflow also decreased in all the basins, except for all four basins in California and the Pacific Northwest. An analysis of the supply of available energy and water for the basins indicated that ratios of evaporation to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration to precipitation for most of the basins will increase. Probability density functions (PDFs) were developed to assess the uncertainty and multimodality in the impact of climate change on mean annual streamflow variability. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests showed significant differences between the beginning and ending twenty-first-century PDFs for most of the basins, with the exception of four basins that are located in the western United States. Almost none of the basin PDFs were normally distributed, and two basins in the upper Midwest had PDFs that were extremely dispersed and skewed. C1 [Risley, John] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Moradkhani, Hamid] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Hay, Lauren; Markstrom, Steve] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Risley, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM jrisley@usgs.gov RI Moradkhani, Hamid/B-1571-2012 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Global Change Research and Development Program. Adam Stonewall and Mark Mastin provided thoughtful reviews that improved this manuscript. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 15 AR 14 DI 10.1175/2010EI364.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 771HU UT WOS:000291148600001 ER PT J AU Milchunas, DG Vandever, MW Ball, LO Hyberg, S AF Milchunas, Daniel G. Vandever, Mark W. Ball, Leonard O. Hyberg, Skip TI Allelopathic Cover Crop Prior to Seeding Is More Important Than Subsequent Grazing/Mowing in Grassland Establishment SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Program revegetation; exotic weed suppression; opportunistic grazing; priority effects from soil legacy; restoration succession; sorghum allelopathy ID DISTINGUISHING RESOURCE COMPETITION; WEED MANAGEMENT; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; VEGETATION RESPONSE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; LARGE HERBIVORES; ELEVATED CO2; LONG-TERM; PLANTS; PRECIPITATION AB The effects of grazing, mowing, and type of cover crop were evaluated in a previous winter wheat fallow cropland seeded to grassland under the Conservation Reserve Program in eastern Colorado. Prior to seeding, the fallow strips were planted to forage sorghum or wheat in alternating strips (cover crops), with no grazing, moderate to heavy grazing, and mowing (grazing treatments) superimposed 4 yr after planting and studied for 3 yr. Plots previously in wheat had more annual and exotic species than sorghum plots. Concomitantly, there were much greater abundances of perennial native grass and all native species in sorghum than wheat cropped areas. The competitive advantage gained by seeded species in sorghum plots resulted in large increases in rhizomatous western wheatgrass. Sorghum is known to be allelopathic and is used in crop agriculture rotations to suppress weeds and increase crop yields, consistent with the responses of weed and desired native species in this study. Grazing treatment had relatively minor effects on basal and canopy cover composition of annual or exotic species versus perennial native grass or native species. Although grazing treatment never was a significant main effect, it occasionally modified cover crop or year effects. Opportunistic grazing reduced exotic cheatgrass by year 3 but also decreased the native palatable western wheatgrass. Mowing was a less effective weed control practice than grazing. Vegetative basal cover and aboveground primary production varied primarily with year. Common management practices for revegetation/restoration currently use herbicides and mowing as weed control practices and restrict grazing in all stages of development. Results suggest that allelopathic cover crop selection and opportunistic grazing can be effective alternative grass establishment and weed control practices. Susceptibility, resistance, and interactions of weed and seeded species to allelopathic cover species/cultivars may be a fruitful area of research. C1 [Milchunas, Daniel G.] Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Vandever, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ball, Leonard O.] Ball Ranch, Briggsdale, CO 80611 USA. [Hyberg, Skip] Farm Serv Agcy, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Milchunas, DG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Daniel.Milchunas@Colostate.edu FU US Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency; National Science Foundation [DEB-0217631, 0823405]; USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental Range; US Geological Survey FX Research was funded by the US Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency, the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Program (National Science Foundation DEB-0217631 and 0823405 and USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental Range), and the US Geological Survey. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 34 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 64 IS 3 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00117.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 770XM UT WOS:000291121800008 ER PT J AU Garcia, CA Andraski, BJ Stonestrom, DA Cooper, CA Simunek, J Wheatcraft, SW AF Garcia, C. A. Andraski, B. J. Stonestrom, D. A. Cooper, C. A. Simunek, J. Wheatcraft, S. W. TI Interacting Vegetative and Thermal Contributions to Water Movement in Desert Soil SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEEP UNSATURATED ZONE; TRITIUM CONTAMINATION; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; ARID ENVIRONMENT; VADOSE ZONES; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; REGIONS; SIMULATIONS; COVERS AB Thermally driven water-vapor flow can be an important component of total water movement in bare soil and in deep unsaturated zones, but this process is often neglected when considering the effects of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions on shallow water movement. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the coupled and separate effects of vegetative and thermal-gradient contributions to soil water movement in desert environments. The evaluation was done by comparing a series of simulations with and without vegetation and thermal forcing during a 4.7-yr period (May 2001-December 2005). For vegetated soil, evapotranspiration alone reduced root-zone (upper 1 m) moisture to a minimum value (25 mm) each year under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. Variations in the leaf area index altered the minimum storage values by up to 10 mm. For unvegetated isothermal and nonisothermal simulations, root-zone water storage nearly doubled during the simulation period and created a persistent driving force for downward liquid fluxes below the root zone (total net flux ? 1 mm). Total soil water movement during the study period was dominated by thermally driven vapor fluxes. Thermally driven vapor flow and condensation supplemented moisture supplies to plant roots during the driest times of each year. The results show how nonisothermal flow is coupled with plant water uptake, potentially influencing ecohydrologic relations in desert environments. C1 [Garcia, C. A.; Andraski, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Stonestrom, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cooper, C. A.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Simunek, J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wheatcraft, S. W.] Wheatcraft & Associates LLC, Reno, NV 89509 USA. RP Garcia, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM cgarcia@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; FU U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology, National Research, and Groundwater Resources FX We gratefully acknowledge Michael J. Fayer, Edwin P. Weeks, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Support for this work was provided through the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology, National Research, and Groundwater Resources programs. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 10 IS 2 BP 552 EP 564 DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0023 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 774ON UT WOS:000291396000009 ER PT J AU Stoeckel, DM Stelzer, EA Stogner, RW Mau, DP AF Stoeckel, Donald M. Stelzer, Erin A. Stogner, Robert W. Mau, David P. TI Semi-quantitative evaluation of fecal contamination potential by human and ruminant sources using multiple lines of evidence SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microbial source tracking; Bacteroidales; Wastewater organic chemicals; Nutrients; Escherichia coli; Quantitative PCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; GENETIC-MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOURCE-TRACKING; INDICATOR BACTERIA; LAKE-MICHIGAN; POLLUTION; WATER; IDENTIFICATION AB Protocols for microbial source tracking of fecal contamination generally are able to identify when a source of contamination is present, but thus far have been unable to evaluate what portion of fecal-indicator bacteria (FIB) came from various sources. A mathematical approach to estimate relative amounts of FIB, such as Escherichia coli, from various sources based on the concentration and distribution of microbial source tracking markers in feces was developed. The approach was tested using dilute fecal suspensions, then applied as part of an analytical suite to a contaminated headwater stream in the Rocky Mountains (Upper Fountain Creek, Colorado). In one single-source fecal suspension, a source that was not present could not be excluded because of incomplete marker specificity; however, human and ruminant sources were detected whenever they were present. In the mixed-feces suspension (pet and human), the minority contributor (human) was detected at a concentration low enough to preclude human contamination as the dominant source of E. coli to the sample. Without the semi-quantitative approach described, simple detects of human-associated marker in stream samples would have provided inaccurate evidence that human contamination was a major source of E. coli to the stream. In samples from Upper Fountain Creek the pattern of E. coli, general and host-associated microbial source tracking markers, nutrients, and wastewater-associated chemical detections augmented with local observations and land-use patterns indicated that, contrary to expectations, birds rather than humans or ruminants were the predominant source of fecal contamination to Upper Fountain Creek. This new approach to E. coli allocation, validated by a controlled study and tested by application in a relatively simple setting, represents a widely applicable step forward in the field of microbial source tracking of fecal contamination. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stoeckel, Donald M.; Stelzer, Erin A.] USGS Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Stogner, Robert W.; Mau, David P.] USGS Colorado Water Sci Ctr, SE Colorado Off, Pueblo, CO 81003 USA. RP Stoeckel, DM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM don@dsh2o.com; eastelzer@usgs.gov; rstogner@usgs.gov; dpmau@usgs.gov OI Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X; Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603 FU Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment; Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments; Colorado Springs Utilities; Colorado Springs Engineering; USGS Cooperative Water Program FX This work was supported, in part, by the Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment, Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments, Colorado Springs Utilities, Colorado Springs Engineering, and the USGS Cooperative Water Program. Interpretations would not have been possible without valuable information from the aforementioned collaborators, the cities of Manitou Springs, Green Mountain Falls, and Woodland Park, and El Paso County. Special thanks to Dr. Mark Wilson and Colorado College for help and support during the sanitary survey. Study design, sample collection, and final data interpretation were done solely by the authors. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3225 EP 3244 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.037 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 770LF UT WOS:000291087300020 PM 21513966 ER PT J AU Vikre, P Browne, QJ Fleck, R Hofstra, A Wooden, J AF Vikre, Peter Browne, Quentin J. Fleck, Robert Hofstra, Albert Wooden, Joseph TI Ages and Sources of Components of Zn-Pb, Cu, Precious Metal, and Platinum Group Element Deposits in the Goodsprings District, Clark County, Nevada SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN SPRING MOUNTAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; FLUID SOURCES; LEAD-ISOTOPE; ORE-DEPOSITS; GREAT-BASIN; CALIFORNIA AB The Goodsprings district, Clark County, Nevada, includes zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits of probable late Paleozoic age, and lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits, copper +/- precious metal-platinum group element (PGE) deposits, and gold +/- silver deposits that are spatially associated with Late Triassic porphyritic intrusions. The district encompasses similar to 500 km(2) although the distribution of all deposits has been laterally condensed by late Mesozoic crustal contraction. Zinc, Pb, and Cu production from about 90 deposits was similar to 160,000 metric tons (t) (Zn > Pb >> Cu), 2.1 million ounces (Moz) Ag, 0.09 Moz Au, and small amounts of PGEs-Co, V, Hg, Sb, Ni, Mo, Mn, Ir, and U-were also recovered. Zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits (Zn > Pb; Ag +/- Cu) resemble Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) Zn-Pb deposits in that they occur in karst and fault breccias in Mississippian limestone where the southern margin of the regional late Paleozoic foreland basin adjoins Proterozoic crystalline rocks of the craton. They consist of calcite, dolomite, sphalerite, and galena with variably positive S isotope compositions (delta(34)S values range from 2.5-13 parts per thousand), and highly radiogenic Pb isotope compositions ((206)Pb/(204)Pb >19), typical of MVT deposits above crystalline Precambrian basement. These deposits may have formed when southward flow of saline fluids, derived from basinal and older sedimental), rocks, encountered thinner strata and pinch-outs against the craton, forcing fluid mixing and mineral precipitation in karst and fault breccias. Lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits (Pb > Zn, Ag +/- Cu +/- Au) occur among other deposit types, often near porphyritic intrusions. They generally contain higher concentrations of precious metals than zinc-dominant deposits and relatively abundant iron oxides after pyrite. They share characteristics with copper +/- precious metal-PGE and gold +/- silver deposits including fine-grained quartz replacement of carbonate minerals in ore breccias and relatively low S and Pb isotope values (delta(34)S values vary from 0-similar to 4 parts per thousand; (206)Pb/(204)Pb <18.5). Copper +/- precious metal-PGE deposits (Cu, Co, Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) consist of Cu carbonate minerals (after chalcocite and chalcopyrite) and fine-grained quartz that have replaced breccia clasts and margins of fissures in Paleozoic limestones and dolomites near porphyritic intrusions. Gold +/- silver deposits occur along contacts and within small-volume stocks and dikes of feldspar porphyry, one textural variety of porphyritic intrusions. Lead isotope compositions of copper +/- precious metal-PGE, gold +/- silver, and lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits are similar to those of Mojave crust plutons, indicating derivation of Pb from 1.7 Ga crystalline basement or from Late Proterozoic siliciclastic sedimentary rocks derived from 1.7 Ga crystalline basement. Four texturally and modally distinctive porphyritic intrusions are exposed largely in the central part of the district: feldspar quartz porphyry, plagioclase quartz porphyry, feldspar biotite quartz porphyry, and feldspar porphyry. Intrusions consist of 64 to 70 percent SiO(2) and variable K(2)O/Na(2)O (0.14-5.33) that reflect proportions of K-feldspar and albite phenocrysts and megacrysts as well as partial alteration to K-mica; quartz and biotite phenocrysts are present in several subtypes. Albite may have formed during emplacement of magma in brine-saturated basinal strata, whereas hydrothermal alteration of matrix, phenocrystic, and megacrystic feldspar and biotite to K-mica, pyrite, and other hydrothermal minerals occurred during and after intrusion emplacement. Small volumes of garnet-diopside-quartz and retrograde epidote-mica-amphibole skarn have replaced carbonate rocks adjacent to one intrusion subtype (feldspar-quartz porphyry), but alteration of carbonate rocks at intrusion contacts elsewhere is inconspicuous. Uranium-lead ages of igneous zircons vary inconsistently from similar to 180 to 230 Ma and are too imprecise to distinguish age differences among intrusion subtypes; most ages are 210 to 225 Ma, yielding a mean of 217 +/- 1 Ma. K-Ar and (40)Ar/(39)Ar ages of magmatic (plagioclase, biotite) and hydrothermal (K-mica) minerals span a similar range (183-227 Ma), demonstrating broadly contemporaneous intrusion emplacement and hydrothermal alteration but allowing for multiple Late Triassic magmatic-hydrothermal events. Imprecision and range of isotopic ages may have resulted from burial beneath Mesozoic and Tertiary strata and multiple intrusion of magmas, causing thermal disturbance to Ar systems and Pb loss from zircons in intrusions. Separate late Paleozoic (zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits) and Late Triassic (all other deposits) mineralizing events are supported by form, distribution, and host rocks of metal deposits, by hydrothermal mineral assemblages, isotope compositions, metal abundances, and metal diversity, and by small intrusion volumes. These characteristics collectively distinguish the Goodsprings district from larger intrusion related carbonate replacement districts in the western United States. They can be used to evaluate proximity to unexposed porphyritic intrusions associated with PGE and gold +/- silver mineralization. C1 [Vikre, Peter] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Browne, Quentin J.] Kodiak Explorat Ltd, Vancouver, BC V6C 1G8, Canada. [Fleck, Robert] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hofstra, Albert] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wooden, Joseph] Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Vikre, P (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Mail Stop 176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM pvikre@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 106 IS 3 BP 381 EP 412 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 768ZP UT WOS:000290979100004 ER PT J AU Mair, JL Farmer, GL Groves, DI Hart, CJR Goldfarb, RJ AF Mair, John L. Farmer, G. Lang Groves, David I. Hart, Craig J. R. Goldfarb, Richard J. TI Petrogenesis of Postcollisional Magmatism at Scheelite Dome, Yukon, Canada: Evidence for a Lithospheric Mantle Source for Magmas Associated with Intrusion-Related Gold Systems SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIO-GRANDE RIFT; CONTINENTAL RIFT; ALKALINE MAGMAS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GRANITIC-ROCKS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; ND; DEPOSITS; BEARING AB The type examples for the class of deposits termed intrusion-related gold systems occur in the Tombstone-Tungsten belt of Alaska and Yukon, on the eastern side of the Tintina gold province. In this part of the northern Cordillera, extensive mid-Cretaceous postcollisional plutonism took place following the accretion of exotic terranes to the continental margin. The most cratonward of the resulting plutonic belts comprises small isolated intrusive centers, with compositionally diverse, dominantly potassic rocks, as exemplified at Scheelite Dome, located in central Yukon. Similar to other spatially and temporally related intrusive centers, the Scheelite Dome intrusions are genetically associated with intrusion-related gold deposits. Intrusions have exceptional variability, ranging from volumetrically dominant clinopyroxene-bearing monzogranites, to calc-alkaline minettes and spessartites, with an intervening range of intermediate to felsic stocks and dikes, including leucominettes, quartz monzonites, quartz monzodiorites, and granodiorites. All rock types are potassic, are strongly enriched in LILEs and LREEs, and feature high LILE/HFSE ratios. Clinopyroxene is common to all rock types and ranges from salite in felsic rocks to high Mg augite and Cr-rich diopside in lamprophyres. Less common, calcic amphibole ranges from actinolitic hornblende to pargasite. The rocks have strongly radiogenic Sr (initial (87)Sr/(86)Sr from 0.711-0.714) and Pb isotope ratios ((206)Pb/(204)Pb from 19.2-19.7), and negative initial epsilon(Nd) values (-8.06 to -11.26). Whole-rock major and trace element, radiogenic isotope, and mineralogical data suggest that the felsic to intermediate rocks were derived from mafic potassic magmas sourced from the lithospheric mantle via fractional crystallization and minor assimilation of metasedimentary crust. Mainly unmodified minettes and spessartites represent the most primitive and final phases emplaced. Metasomatic enrichments in the underlying lithospheric mantle are attributes of the ancient North American cratonic margin that appear to be essential prerequisites to this style of postcollisional magmatism and associated gold-rich fluid exsolution. This type of magmatic hydrothermal activity occurs in a very specific tectonic setting that typically sets intrusion-related gold deposits apart from erogenic gold deposits, which are synorogenic in timing and have no consistent direct relationship to such diverse and contemporaneous lithospheric mantle-derived magmas, although they too are commonly sited adjacent to lithospheric boundaries. C1 [Mair, John L.; Groves, David I.; Hart, Craig J. R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hart, Craig J. R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Mineral Deposit Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mair, JL (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM john.mair75@gmail.com FU Yukon Geological Survey; U.S Geological Survey FX Greg Pooley at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis at the University of Western Australia is acknowledged for assistance with mineral analyses. Emily Verplanck at the University of Colorado, Boulder, is thanked for assistance with radiogenic isotope analyses. This study was supported logistically and financially by the Yukon Geological Survey and the Minerals Program of the U.S Geological Survey. NR 91 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 106 IS 3 BP 451 EP 480 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 768ZP UT WOS:000290979100007 ER PT J AU Rusk, B Koenig, A Lowers, H AF Rusk, Brian Koenig, Alan Lowers, Heather TI Visualizing trace element distribution in quartz using cathodoluminescence, electron microprobe, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Quartz; trace elements; cathodoluminescence; LA-ICP-MS; electron microprobe ID HYDROTHERMAL VEIN QUARTZ; PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSIT; ICP-MS; TEXTURES; INSIGHTS; MONTANA; TITANIQ; SYSTEM; BUTTE; CL AB Cathodoluminescent (CL) textures in quartz reveal successive histories of the physical and chemical fluctuations that accompany crystal growth. Such CL textures reflect trace element concentration variations that can be mapped by electron microprobe or laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Trace element maps in hydrothermal quartz from four different ore deposit types (Carlin-type Au, epithermal Ag, porphyry-Cu, and MVT Pb-Zn) reveal correlations among trace elements and between trace element concentrations and CL textures. The distributions of trace elements reflect variations in the physical and chemical conditions of quartz precipitation. These maps show that Al is the most abundant trace element in hydrothermal quartz. In crystals grown at temperatures below 300 degrees C, Al concentrations may vary by up to two orders of magnitude between adjacent growth zones, with no evidence for diffusion. The monovalent cations Li, Na, and K, where detectable, always correlate with Al, with Li being the most abundant of the three. In most samples, Al is more abundant than the combined total of the monovalent cations; however, in the MVT sample, molar Al/Li ratios are -0.8. Antimony is present in concentrations up to similar to 120 ppm in epithermal quartz (similar to 200-300 degrees C), but is not detectable in MVT, Carlin, or porphyry-Cu quartz. Concentrations of Sb do not correlate consistently with those of other trace elements or with CL textures. Titanium is only abundant enough to be mapped in quartz from porphyry-type ore deposits that precipitate at temperatures above similar to 400 degrees C. In such quartz, Ti concentration correlates positively with CL intensity, suggesting a causative relationship. In contrast, in quartz from other deposit types, there is no consistent correlation between concentrations of any trace element and CL intensity fluctuations. C1 [Rusk, Brian] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Koenig, Alan; Lowers, Heather] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rusk, B (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM brian.rusk@jcu.edu.au FU USGS FX This work was funded in part by the USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral fellowship. We thank Al Hofstra, William Leeman, Mark Simpson, Katja Lehmann, Axel Muller, and Ian Swainson for discussions and comments that vastly improved the quality of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 42 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 96 IS 5-6 BP 703 EP 708 DI 10.2138/am.2011.3701 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 764CF UT WOS:000290605300002 ER PT J AU Clark, SG Rutherford, MB Auer, MR Cherney, DN Wallace, RL Mattson, DJ Clark, DA Foote, L Krogman, N Wilshusen, P Steelman, T AF Clark, Susan G. Rutherford, Murray B. Auer, Matthew R. Cherney, David N. Wallace, Richard L. Mattson, David J. Clark, Douglas A. Foote, Lee Krogman, Naomi Wilshusen, Peter Steelman, Toddi TI College and University Environmental Programs as a Policy Problem (Part 1): Integrating Knowledge, Education, and Action for a Better World? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Environmental studies; Environmental sciences; Environmental education; Interdisciplinary education; Human dignity; Sustainability; Problem-solving skills; Leadership ID POLITICAL-SCIENCE; SOCIAL-SCIENCES; INTERDISCIPLINARITY; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS AB The environmental sciences/studies movement, with more than 1000 programs at colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, is unified by a common interest-ameliorating environmental problems through empirical enquiry and analytic judgment. Unfortunately, environmental programs have struggled in their efforts to integrate knowledge across disciplines and educate students to become sound problem solvers and leaders. We examine the environmental program movement as a policy problem, looking at overall goals, mapping trends in relation to those goals, identifying the underlying factors contributing to trends, and projecting the future. We argue that despite its shared common interest, the environmental program movement is disparate and fragmented by goal ambiguity, positivistic disciplinary approaches, and poorly rationalized curricula, pedagogies, and educational philosophies. We discuss these challenges and the nature of the changes that are needed in order to overcome them. In a subsequent article (Part 2) we propose specific strategies for improvement. C1 [Clark, Susan G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies & Inst Social & P, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Rutherford, Murray B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Auer, Matthew R.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN USA. [Cherney, David N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wallace, Richard L.] Ursinus Coll, Environm Studies Program, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Mattson, David J.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Clark, Douglas A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Foote, Lee] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Krogman, Naomi] Univ Alberta, Dept Rural Econ, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Wilshusen, Peter] Bucknell Univ, Environm Studies Program, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Steelman, Toddi] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Clark, SG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies & Inst Social & P, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM susan.g.clark@yale.edu NR 103 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 47 IS 5 BP 701 EP 715 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9619-2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759VS UT WOS:000290277200001 PM 21359525 ER PT J AU Clark, SG Rutherford, MB Auer, MR Cherney, DN Wallace, RL Mattson, DJ Clark, DA Foote, L Krogman, N Wilshusen, P Steelman, T AF Clark, Susan G. Rutherford, Murray B. Auer, Matthew R. Cherney, David N. Wallace, Richard L. Mattson, David J. Clark, Douglas A. Foote, Lee Krogman, Naomi Wilshusen, Peter Steelman, Toddi TI College and University Environmental Programs as a Policy Problem (Part 2): Strategies for Improvement SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Environmental studies; Environmental sciences; Environmental education; Interdisciplinary education; Human dignity; Sustainability; Problem-solving skills; Leadership ID HUMAN DIGNITY; SCIENCES; INTERDISCIPLINARITY; CONSERVATION; REFLECTIONS; INFORMATION; EDUCATION AB Environmental studies and environmental sciences programs in American and Canadian colleges and universities seek to ameliorate environmental problems through empirical enquiry and analytic judgment. In a companion article (Part 1) we describe the environmental program movement (EPM) and discuss factors that have hindered its performance. Here, we complete our analysis by proposing strategies for improvement. We recommend that environmental programs re-organize around three principles. First, adopt as an overriding goal the concept of human dignity-defined as freedom and social justice in healthy, sustainable environments. This clear higher-order goal captures the human and environmental aspirations of the EPM and would provide a more coherent direction for the efforts of diverse participants. Second, employ an explicit, genuinely interdisciplinary analytical framework that facilitates the use of multiple methods to investigate and address environmental and social problems in context. Third, develop educational programs and applied experiences that provide students with the technical knowledge, powers of observation, critical thinking skills and management acumen required for them to become effective professionals and leaders. Organizing around these three principles would build unity in the EPM while at the same time capitalizing on the strengths of the many disciplines and diverse local conditions involved. C1 [Clark, Susan G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies & Inst Social & P, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Rutherford, Murray B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Auer, Matthew R.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN USA. [Cherney, David N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wallace, Richard L.] Ursinus Coll, Environm Studies Program, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Mattson, David J.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Clark, Douglas A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Foote, Lee] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Krogman, Naomi] Univ Alberta, Dept Rural Econ, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Wilshusen, Peter] Bucknell Univ, Environm Studies Program, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Steelman, Toddi] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Clark, SG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies & Inst Social & P, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM susan.g.clark@yale.edu NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 47 IS 5 BP 716 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9635-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759VS UT WOS:000290277200002 PM 21359524 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Laubhan, MK AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Laubhan, Murray K. TI Balancing Energy Development and Conservation: A Method Utilizing Species Distribution Models SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Energy development; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus; Maxent; Habitat suitability ID LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS; WIND ENERGY; HABITAT; POPULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MADAGASCAR; PREDICTION; PRIORITIES AB Alternative energy development is increasing, potentially leading to negative impacts on wildlife populations already stressed by other factors. Resource managers require a scientifically based methodology to balance energy development and species conservation, so we investigated modeling habitat suitability using Maximum Entropy to develop maps that could be used with other information to help site energy developments. We selected one species of concern, the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (LPCH; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) found on the southern Great Plains of North America, as our case study. LPCH populations have been declining and are potentially further impacted by energy development. We used LPCH lek locations in the state of Kansas along with several environmental and anthropogenic parameters to develop models that predict the probability of lek occurrence across the landscape. The models all performed well as indicated by the high test area under the curve (AUC) scores (all > 0.9). The inclusion of anthropogenic parameters in models resulted in slightly better performance based on AUC values, indicating that anthropogenic features may impact LPCH lek habitat suitability. Given the positive model results, this methodology may provide additional guidance in designing future survey protocols, as well as siting of energy development in areas of marginal or unsuitable habitat for species of concern. This technique could help to standardize and quantify the impacts various developments have upon at-risk species. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Laubhan, Murray K.] Environm Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Parks, Pratt, KS 67124 USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov; murray.laubhan@ksoutdoors.com NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 47 IS 5 BP 926 EP 936 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9651-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759VS UT WOS:000290277200020 PM 21400221 ER PT J AU Gallant, AL Sadinski, W Roth, MF Rewa, CA AF Gallant, Alisa L. Sadinski, Walt Roth, Mark F. Rewa, Charles A. TI Changes in historical Iowa land cover as context for assessing the environmental benefits of current and future conservation efforts on agricultural lands SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; RESTORED WETLANDS; WILDLIFE HABITAT; POPULATION; USA; TRENDS C1 [Gallant, Alisa L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Sadinski, Walt; Roth, Mark F.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Rewa, Charles A.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Gallant, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. OI Roth, Mark/0000-0001-5095-1865 FU US Geological Survey; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service [IAG 67-3A75-8-12, IAG 67-3A75-9-88]; US Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX This research was supported through interagency agreements between the US Geological Survey and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service in support of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (IAG 67-3A75-8-12 and IAG 67-3A75-9-88) and by funds from the US Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative The authors appreciate critical input for this research from Monica Monk, Jennifer Anderson-Cruz, Mark Lindflott, Martin Adkins, and others at: the Iowa State Office of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Des Moines, Iowa. Dave Otis from the US Geological Survey Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Ames, Iowa; Denis White from US Environmental Protection Agency Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon; and Roger Auch from the US Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, provided valuable reviews on an earlier version of this paper. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3 BP 67A EP 77A DI 10.2489/jswc.66.3.67A PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 764CS UT WOS:000290606600002 ER PT J AU Ellwein, AL Mahan, SA McFadden, LD AF Ellwein, Amy L. Mahan, Shannon A. McFadden, Leslie D. TI New optically stimulated luminescence ages provide evidence of MIS3 and MIS2 eolian activity on Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soil stratigraphy; Eolian geomorphology; Falling dunes; Linear dunes; Sand ramps; Black Mesa; OSL geochronology ID SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOJAVE DESERT; SAND RAMPS; PALEOCLIMATE; HISTORY; SYSTEM; DUNES AB Eolian deposition on the semiarid southern Colorado Plateau has been attributed to episodic aridity during the Quaternary Period. However, OSL ages from three topographically controlled (e.g. falling) dunes on Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona indicate that eolian sediments there were deposited in deep tributary valleys as early as 35-30 ka, with most sand deposited before 20 ka. In contrast, the oldest OSL ages for sand sheets fall within the Pleistocene-Holocene climatic transition (similar to 12-8 ka). Thus most eolian sediment accumulated on Black Mesa under climatic conditions that were in general cooler, moister, and more variable than today, not more arid, pointing to a considerable increase in sediment supply. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ellwein, Amy L.] Western State Coll Colorado, Dept Nat & Environm Sci, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [McFadden, Leslie D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ellwein, AL (reprint author), Western State Coll Colorado, Dept Nat & Environm Sci, 224 Hurst Hall, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA. EM aellwein@western.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.002 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 767BY UT WOS:000290831500001 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, CA Pederson, GT Gray, ST AF Woodhouse, Connie A. Pederson, Gregory T. Gray, Stephen T. TI An 1800-yr record of decadal-scale hydroclimatic variability in the upper Arkansas River basin from bristlecone pine SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paleoclimatology; Dendrochronology; Drought; Bristlecone pine; Central Colorado ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RING BASED RECONSTRUCTIONS; COLORADO PLATEAUS; TREE-RINGS; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; CLIMATE; FREQUENCY; AD; PALEOENVIRONMENT AB Bristlecone pine trees are exceptionally long-lived, and with the incorporation of remnant material have been used to construct multi-millennial length ring-width chronologies. These chronologies can provide valuable information about past temperature and moisture variability. In this study, we outline a method to build a moisture-sensitive bristlecone chronology and assess the robustness and consistency of this sensitivity over the past 1200 yr using new reconstructions of Arkansas River flow (AD 1275-2002 and 1577-2002) and the summer Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index. The chronology, a composite built from parts of three collections in the central Rocky Mountains, is a proxy for decadal-scale moisture variability for the past 18 centuries. Since the sample size is small in some portions of the time series, the chronology should be considered preliminary; the timing and duration of drought events are likely the most robust characteristics. This chronology suggests that the region experienced increased aridity during the medieval period, as did much of western North America, but that the timing and duration of drought episodes within this period were somewhat different from those in other western locations, such as the upper Colorado River basin. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Woodhouse, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, 1103 E 2nd St,Room 409, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM conniew1@email.arizona.edu FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative; Earth Surface Dynamics programs; NOAA [NA07OAR4310424] FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the USGS Western Mountain Initiative and the Earth Surface Dynamics programs and the NOAA Climate Change Data and Detection program (grant # NA07OAR4310424). We are especially grateful to Jeff Lukas for dating and measuring the samples for BLK and SHM in this study, and to Mark Losleben, Cody Routson, Kurt Chowanski, as well as Jeff for field assistance. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the late Craig Brunstein who was the first person to sample bristlecone pine stands at Black Mountain and realize their great age, and for his collections at Princeton Peak. Reviews by Jeremy Littell and Erich Peitzsch greatly assisted us in improving the manuscript, as did the reviews of two anonymous reviewers and the editor. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.007 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 767BY UT WOS:000290831500011 ER PT J AU Rayburn, JA Cronin, TM Franzi, DA Knuepfer, PLK Willard, DA AF Rayburn, John A. Cronin, Thomas M. Franzi, David A. Knuepfer, Peter L. K. Willard, Debra A. TI Timing and duration of North American glacial lake discharges and the Younger Dryas climate reversal SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Glacial lake; Champlain sea; Discharge; Younger dryas; Foraminifers ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; ST-LAWRENCE LOWLANDS; CHAMPLAIN VALLEY; LAST DEGLACIATION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BP EVENT; NEW-YORK; ATLANTIC; AGASSIZ; SEA AB Radiocarbon-dated sediment cores from the Champlain Valley (northeastern USA) contain stratigraphic and micropaleontologic evidence for multiple, high-magnitude, freshwater discharges from North American proglacial lakes to the North Atlantic. Of particular interest are two large, closely spaced outflows that entered the North Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence estuary about 13,200-12,900 cal yr BP, near the beginning of the Younger Dryas cold event. We estimate from varve chronology, sedimentation rates and proglacial lake volumes that the duration of the first outflow was less than 1 yr and its discharge was approximately 0.1 Sv (1 Sverdrup = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). The second outflow lasted about a century with a sustained discharge sufficient to keep the Champlain Sea relatively fresh for its duration. According to climate models, both outflows may have had sufficient discharge, duration and timing to affect meridional ocean circulation and climate. In this report we compare the proglacial lake discharge record in the Champlain and St. Lawrence valleys to paleoclimate records from Greenland Ice cores and Cariaco Basin and discuss the two-step nature of the inception of the Younger Dryas. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rayburn, John A.] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Geol Sci, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.; Willard, Debra A.] 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Franzi, David A.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Ctr Earth & Environm Sci, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Knuepfer, Peter L. K.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Rayburn, JA (reprint author), SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Geol Sci, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. EM rayburnj@newpaltz.edu OI Rayburn, John/0000-0002-1721-5345 FU USGS FX This paper benefited from reviews by H. Dowsett, W. Newell, J. Teller, A. Breckenridge, and two other anonymous reviewers. Partial funding for this project came from a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship to J. Rayburn. Radiocarbon dating of the transitional and Champlain Sea material was done at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We would like to thank E. Cobbs for coring, M. Berke and K. Hayo for field and lab assistance. Data from Carlson et al. (2007) was provided by A. Carlson. NR 77 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.004 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 767BY UT WOS:000290831500017 ER PT J AU Holmgren, CA Betancourt, JL Rylander, KA AF Holmgren, Camille A. Betancourt, Julio L. Rylander, Kate A. TI Vegetation history along the eastern, desert escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Packrat midden; Pleistocene; Holocene; Sonoran Desert; Monsoon; Sierra San Pedro Martir ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARBARA BASIN; UNITED-STATES; CIRCULATION; SOUTHWEST; RECORD; FUTURE; SCALE AB Plant macrofossils from 38 packrat middens spanning the last similar to 33,000 cal yr BP record vegetation between similar to 650 and 900 m elevation along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, northern Baja California. The middens span most of the Holocene, with a gap between similar to 4600 and 1800 cal yr BP, but coverage in the Pleistocene is uneven with a larger hiatus between 23,100 and 14,400 cal yr BP. The midden flora is relatively stable from the Pleistocene to Holocene. Exceptions include Pinus californiarum, Juniperus californica and other chaparral elements that were most abundant >23,100 cal yr BP and declined after 14,400 cal yr BP. Despite being near the chaparral/woodland-desertscrub ecotone during glacial times, the midden assemblages reflect none of the climatic reversals evident in the glacial or marine record, and this is corroborated by a nearby semi-continuous pollen stratigraphy from lake sediments. Regular appearance of C-4 grasses and summer-flowering annuals since 13,600 cal yr BP indicates occurrence of summer rainfall equivalent to modern (JAS average of similar to 80-90 mm). This casts doubt on the claim, based on temperature proxies from marine sediments in the Guaymas Basin, that monsoonal development in the northern Gulf and Arizona was delayed until after 6200 cal yr BP. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Holmgren, Camille A.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.; Rylander, Kate A.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Water Discipline, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Holmgren, CA (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. EM holmgrca@buffalostate.edu FU USGS Branch of Regional Research, Western Region FX We thank Tim Fischer, Ray Fontaine, Robert J. Gillis, Jolani S. McClellan, Donald R. Nelson, and Tamara S. Wilson for assistance in the field and laboratory; Jose Delgadillo for contributing reference material from the Herbarium BCMEX at the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California in Ensenada; Art Douglas for providing climate data; and the University of Arizona-National Science Foundation (NSF) Accelerator Facility for AMS dates. We thank Roger Byrne and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful and constructive comments. Funding for this project came from the USGS Branch of Regional Research, Western Region. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 647 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.008 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 767BY UT WOS:000290831500027 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Keir, MJ Whittle, DM AF Madenjian, Charles P. Keir, Michael J. Whittle, D. Michael TI Sexual difference in mercury concentrations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Ontario SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics modeling; Excretion rates; Gross growth efficiency; Lake trout; Mercury; Sexual differences ID WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; NET TROPHIC TRANSFER; PCB CONCENTRATIONS; SIZE DIMORPHISM; FISH; MODEL; ACCUMULATION; WATERS; RATES; PREY AB We determined total mercury (Hg) concentrations in 50 female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and 69 male lake trout from Lake Ontario (Ontario, Canada and New York, United States). Results showed that, on average, males were 8% higher in Hg concentration than females in Lake Ontario. We also used bioenergetics modeling to determine whether a sexual difference in gross growth efficiency (GGE) could explain the observed sexual difference in Hg concentrations. According to the bioenergetics modeling results, male GGE was about 3% higher than female GGE, on average. Although the bioenergetics modeling could not explain the higher Hg concentrations exhibited by the males, a sexual difference in GGE remained a plausible explanation for the sexual difference in Hg concentrations of the lake trout. In an earlier study, male lake trout from Lake Ontario were found to be 22% higher in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration than females from Lake Ontario. Thus, although males were higher in both Hg and PCB concentrations, the degree of the sexual difference in concentration varied between the two contaminants. Further research on sexual differences in Hg excretion rates and Hg direct uptake rates may be needed to resolve the disparity in results between the two contaminants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Keir, Michael J.] Environm Canada, Ontario Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Whittle, D. Michael] Retired Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2011 VL 83 IS 7 BP 903 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.053 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 762UU UT WOS:000290507800003 PM 21429556 ER PT J AU Solomon, CT Carpenter, SR Clayton, MK Cole, JJ Coloso, JJ Pace, ML Vander Zanden, MJ Weidel, BC AF Solomon, Christopher T. Carpenter, Stephen R. Clayton, Murray K. Cole, Jonathan J. Coloso, James J. Pace, Michael L. Vander Zanden, M. Jake Weidel, Brian C. TI Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allochthonous; autochthonous; cross-habitat linkages; deuterium; dissolved organic carbon; ecosystem; light extinction; stable isotope; subsidy ID AQUATIC FOOD WEBS; CLEAR-WATER LAKE; ALLOCHTHONOUS CARBON; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER; C-13 ADDITION; HYDROGEN; DIET; ZOOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEMS AB Fluxes of organic matter across habitat boundaries are common in food webs. These fluxes may strongly influence community dynamics, depending on the extent to which they are used by consumers. Yet understanding of basal resource use by consumers is limited, because describing trophic pathways in complex food webs is difficult. We quantified resource use for zooplankton, zoobenthos, and fishes in four low-productivity lakes, using a Bayesian mixing model and measurements of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Multiple sources of uncertainty were explicitly incorporated into the model. As a result, posterior estimates of resource use were often broad distributions; nevertheless, clear patterns were evident. Zooplankton relied on terrestrial and pelagic primary production, while zoobenthos and fishes relied on terrestrial and benthic primary production. Across all consumer groups terrestrial reliance tended to be higher, and benthic reliance lower, in lakes where light penetration was low due to inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon. These results support and refine an emerging consensus that terrestrial and benthic support of lake food webs can be substantial, and they imply that changes in the relative availability of basal resources drive the strength of cross-habitat trophic connections. C1 [Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Carpenter, Stephen R.; Vander Zanden, M. Jake] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clayton, Murray K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clayton, Murray K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cole, Jonathan J.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Coloso, James J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Pace, Michael L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Solomon, CT (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM chris.solomon@mcgill.ca RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014; OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257; Pace, Michael/0000-0001-5945-6131 FU NSF-DDIG award [DEB-0708666]; NSF [DEB-0414258, DEB-0917696, DEB-0917719] FX This work was funded by an NSF-DDIG award (DEB-0708666) to C. T. Solomon and M. J. Vander Zanden, and by collaborative NSF awards (DEB-0414258, DEB-0917696, DEB-0917719) to S. R. Carpenter, J. J. Cole, M. L. Pace, J. Kitchell, and J. Hodgson. Comments from three anonymous reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the staff and facilities at the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center, where this work was conducted. NR 44 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 12 U2 152 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1115 EP 1125 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763DK UT WOS:000290534300012 PM 21661572 ER PT J AU Hoang, TC Pryor, RL Rand, GM Frakes, RA AF Hoang, Tham C. Pryor, Rachel L. Rand, Gary M. Frakes, Robert A. TI Bioaccumulation and toxicity of copper in outdoor freshwater microcosms SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Copper; Freshwater microcosms; Florida apple snails; Pomacea paludosa ID SNAIL POMACEA-PALUDOSA; FLORIDA APPLE SNAIL; SOUTH FLORIDA; EVERGLADES RESTORATION; POND MICROCOSMS; TRACE-METALS; SANDY SOILS; GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; ZINC AB This study characterizes the effects of copper (Cu) on Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa) and mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) using a replicated outdoor microcosm design. Soils used in this study were collected from two Cu-enriched citrus agricultural sites in South Florida (Agler property (AGLR) in St. Lucie County and Sunrise Boys property (SRB) in Palm Beach County) and a reference site (Equus property) in St. Lucie County. The study included a 5-week aging phase, an 11 month exposure phase, and a 3 month post-treatment (exposure) phase. The aging phase was initiated by flooding agricultural soils with rainwater in 4 m(3) fiberglass microcosm tanks. Introducing juvenile apple snails (<= 7 d old) and mosquito fish (2-3 cm) into the microcosm tanks initiated the exposure phase. Survival, growth, and reproduction of apple snails and fish, and Cu uptake in apple snails, fish, and periphyton were determined in this study. Water chemistry (e.g., dissolved Cu concentration, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH, hardness, alkalinity, etc.) was measured daily or weekly during the study. Initial soil Cu concentrations in Equus, SRB, and AGLR microcosms were 7, 55, and 99 mg/kg dw, respectively. Dissolved Cu concentrations in Equus, SRB and AGLR microcosms at the beginning of the study were 3, 82, and 43 mu g/L, respectively and decreased to low saturation levels of about <= 9 mu g/L Cu after the first 3 months of the study. The decrease of dissolved Cu concentrations was likely due to the dilution of rainwater. Snail and fish mortality appeared to be higher in SRB microcosms than in Equus and AGLR microcosms. There was no significant difference in growth of the snails between treatments. Snail growth data followed the von Bertalanffy Model. The maximum shell length, shell height, and shell width of the snails calculated by the von Bertalanffy Model (L(infinity)) were 2.76, 2.05, and 2.18 cm, respectively. The maximum wet weight was 9.38 g. Growth rate (k) of the snails increased in order of shell height (0.459), shell length (0.550), and shell weight (0.598). There was no reproduction in the snails in any treatments including the reference during the exposure phase. However, Cu did not affect reproduction of fish during this period. Copper concentrations in periphyton from Equus, SRB, and AGLR microcosms ranged from 2 to 62, 31 to 371, and 13 to 478 mg/kg, respectively. Copper concentrations in fish at the beginning, days 30 and 150 of the study ranged from 3.19 to 7.53 mg/kg and were not significantly different from the different treatments. Average Cu concentrations in the soft tissue of dead snails from SRB and AGLR microcosms were 4602 mg/kg dw (ranged from 2913 to 8370 mg/kg dw) and 2824 mg/kg dw (ranged from 2118 to 3600 mg/kg dw), respectively. The Cu concentrations in the soft tissue of dead snails found in this study were higher than the tissue Cu concentrations in live aquatic organisms reported in the literature. These high Cu concentrations in edible apple snail soft tissue might pose a risk to Florida apple snail predators, including the snail kite. The post-exposure phase, with snails exposed to only water (i.e., no soils) showed depuration of copper from apple snails and reproduction in all treatments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoang, Tham C.; Pryor, Rachel L.; Rand, Gary M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, SE Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessment Lab, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Frakes, Robert A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL USA. RP Rand, GM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, SE Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessment Lab, 3000 NE 151st St, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM randg@fiu.edu FU U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service [401816J034] FX This study was funded by the U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 401816J034. This is SERC contribution number 510. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 60 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.015 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 763JU UT WOS:000290553400062 PM 21345490 ER PT J AU Novak, PJ Arnold, WA Blazer, VS Halden, RU Klaper, RD Kolpin, DW Kriebel, D Love, NG Martinovic-Weigelt, D Patisaul, HB Snyder, SA vom Saal, FS Weisbrod, AV Swackhamer, DL AF Novak, P. J. Arnold, W. A. Blazer, V. S. Halden, R. U. Klaper, R. D. Kolpin, D. W. Kriebel, D. Love, N. G. Martinovic-Weigelt, D. Patisaul, H. B. Snyder, S. A. vom Saal, F. S. Weisbrod, A. V. Swackhamer, D. L. TI On the Need for a National (US) Research Program to Elucidate the Potential Risks to Human Health and the Environment Posed by Contaminants of Emerging Concern SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Blazer, V. S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Halden, R. U.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Klaper, R. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Kolpin, D. W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Kriebel, D.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell Ctr Sustainable Prod, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Love, N. G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Novak, P. J.; Arnold, W. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Martinovic-Weigelt, D.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Patisaul, H. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Snyder, S. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [vom Saal, F. S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Weisbrod, A. V.] Procter & Gamble Co, Prod Safety & Regulatory Affairs, Cincinnati, OH 45201 USA. [Swackhamer, D. L.] Univ Minnesota, Humphrey Inst Publ Affairs, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Novak, PJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM novak010@umn.edu RI Snyder, Shane/A-3302-2011; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010; OI Snyder, Shane/0000-0003-2709-9840; Arnold, William/0000-0003-0814-5469; Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361; Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3829 EP 3830 DI 10.1021/es200744f PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZI UT WOS:000289819400006 PM 21438522 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Mills, MA Cade, BS Burkard, LP AF Walters, David M. Mills, Marc A. Cade, Brian S. Burkard, Lawrence P. TI Trophic Magnification of PCBs and Its Relationship to the Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DIPHENYL ETHERS PBDES; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOMAGNIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; CHEMICALS; MODEL; FISH AB We investigated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioaccumulation relative to octanol-water partition coefficient (K(OW)) and organism trophic position (TP) at the Lake Hartwell Superfund site (South Carolina). We measured PCBs (127 congeners) and stable isotopes (delta(15)N) in sediment, organic matter, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fish. TP, as calculated from delta(15)N, was significantly, positively related to PCB concentrations, and food web trophic magnification factors (TMFs) ranged from 1.5--6.6 among congeners. TMFs of individual congeners increased strongly with log K(OW), as did the predictive power (r(2)) of individual TP-PCB regression models used to calculate TMFs. We developed log K(OW)-TMF models for eight food webs with vastly different environments (freshwater, marine, arctic, temperate) and species composition (cold- vs warmblooded consumers). The effect of K(OW) on congener TMFs varied strongly across food webs (model slopes 0.0-15.0) because the range of TMFs among studies was also highly variable. We standardized TMFs within studies to mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1 to normalize for scale differences and found a remarkably consistent K(OW) effect on TMFs (no difference in model slopes among food webs). Our findings underscore the importance of hydrophobicity (as characterized by K(OW)) in regulating bioaccumulation of recalcitrant compounds in aquatic systems, and demonstrate that relationships between chemical K(OW) and bioaccumulation from field studies are more generalized than previously recognized. C1 [Walters, David M.; Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Burkard, Lawrence P.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3917 EP 3924 DI 10.1021/es103158s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZI UT WOS:000289819400019 PM 21466215 ER PT J AU Spruill, TB AF Spruill, Timothy B. TI Comment on "Trend Reversal of Nitrate in Danish Groundwater-A Reflection of Agricultural Practices and Nitrogen Surpluses since 1950" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Spruill, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM tspruill@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 4187 EP 4188 DI 10.1021/es200441v PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZI UT WOS:000289819400057 PM 21456544 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ Williams, SJ Babb, IG AF Poppe, Lawrence J. Williams, S. Jeffress Babb, Ivar G. TI Character of Shell Beds Flanking Herod Point Shoal, Southeastern Long Island Sound, New York SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cape-associated shoal; shell accumulations; Roanoke Point Shoal; surf clams; winnowing; benthic habitats; benthic complexity ID OYSTER REEFS; HABITAT; ESTUARINE; SEDIMENT; BASIN; FISH AB POPPE, L.J.; WILLIAMS, S.J., and BABB, I.G., 2011. Character of shell beds flanking Herod Point Shoal, southeastern Long Island Sound, New York. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(3), 493-501. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. High biogenic productivity, strong tidal currents, shoal topography, and short transport distances combine to favor shell-bed formation along the lower flanks of a cape-associated shoal off Herod Point on Long Island, New York. This shell bed has a densely packed, clast-supported fabric composed largely of undegraded surf clam (Spisula solidissima) valves. It is widest along the central part of the western flank of the shoal where topographic gradients are steep and a stronger flood tide results in residual flow. The bed is narrower and thinner toward the landward margins where currents are too weak to transport larger valves and topographic gradients are gentle, limiting bed-load transport mechanisms by which the shells are concentrated. Reconnaissance mapping off Roanoke Point suggests that shell beds are also present at the other cape-associated shoals off northeastern Long Island, where relatively similar geomorphic and oceanographic conditions exist. These shell beds are important to the Long Island Sound ecosystem because they provide complex benthic habitats of rough and hard substrates at the boundary between the muddy basin floor and mobile sand of the shoals. C1 [Poppe, Lawrence J.; Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Babb, Ivar G.] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Undersea Research Center at the University of Connecticut; Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Connecticut Sea Grant FX We would like to thank the crew of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service vessel Victor Loosanoff for their assistance in the field. This work was supported by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, National Undersea Research Center at the University of Connecticut, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, and Connecticut Sea Grant. This manuscript has benefitted from critical reviews by Page Valentine and C. Wylie Poag (both U.S. Geological Survey). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00079.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 764PY UT WOS:000290645600010 ER PT J AU Kennedy, A Rogers, S Sallenger, A Gravois, U Zachry, B Dosa, M Zarama, F AF Kennedy, Andrew Rogers, Spencer Sallenger, Asbury Gravois, Uriah Zachry, Brian Dosa, Matild Zarama, Francisco TI Building Destruction from Waves and Surge on the Bolivar Peninsula during Hurricane Ike SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Waves; Surge; Hurricanes; Building damage; FEMA AB The Bolivar Peninsula in Texas was severely impacted by Hurricane Ike with strong winds, large waves, widespread inundation, and severe damage. This paper examines the wave and surge climate on Bolivar during the storm and the consequent survival and destruction of buildings. Emphasis is placed on differences between buildings that survived ( with varying degrees of damage) and buildings that were completely destroyed. Building elevations are found to be the primary indicator of survival for areas with large waves. Here, buildings that were sufficiently elevated above waves and surge suffered relatively little structural damage, while houses at lower elevations were impacted by large waves and generally completely destroyed. In many areas, the transition from destruction to survival was over a very small elevation range of around 0.5 m. In areas where waves were smaller, survival was possible at much lower elevations. Higher houses that were not inundated still survived, but well-built houses at lower elevations could also survive as the waves were not large enough to cause structural damage. However, the transition height where waves became damaging could not be determined from this study. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000061. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Kennedy, Andrew; Dosa, Matild; Zarama, Francisco] Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN USA. [Rogers, Spencer] N Carolina Sea Grant, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Sallenger, Asbury] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gravois, Uriah] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zachry, Brian] AIR Worldwide, Boston, MA 02116 USA. RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, South Bend, IN USA. EM andrew.kennedy@nd.edu RI Kennedy, Andrew/E-4746-2011 OI Kennedy, Andrew/0000-0002-7254-1346 FU National Science Foundation [0902264]; Florida Sea Grant [R/C-S-46]; Florida Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems; USGS Center for Coastal Geology; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; University of Florida; University of Notre Dame FX Portions of this research were funded by the National Science Foundation under grant 0902264, Florida Sea Grant under grant R/C-S-46, The Florida Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, the USGS Center for Coastal Geology, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the University of Florida, and the University of Notre Dame. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 3 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000061 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 762ME UT WOS:000290482000003 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Infante, D Lyons, J Stewart, J Cooper, A AF Wang, Lizhu Infante, Dana Lyons, John Stewart, Jana Cooper, Arthur TI EFFECTS OF DAMS IN RIVER NETWORKS ON FISH ASSEMBLAGES IN NON-IMPOUNDMENT SECTIONS OF RIVERS IN MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE impoundment; fish diversity; fish integrity; river connectivity; cumulative effect ID LOW-HEAD DAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-COVER; STREAMS; HABITAT; QUALITY AB Regional assessment of cumulative impacts of dams on riverine fish assemblages provides resource managers essential information for dam operation, potential dam removal, river health assessment and overall ecosystem management. Such an assessment is challenging because characteristics of fish assemblages are not only affected by dams, but also influenced by natural variation and human-induced modification (in addition to dams) in thermal and flow regimes, physicochemical habitats and biological assemblages. This study evaluated the impacts of dams on river fish assemblages in the non-impoundment sections of rivers in the states of Michigan and Wisconsin using multiple fish assemblage indicators and multiple approaches to distinguish the influences of dams from those of other natural and human-induced factors. We found that environmental factors that influence fish assemblages in addition to dams should be incorporated when evaluating regional effects of dams on fish assemblages. Without considering such co-influential factors, the evaluation is inadequate and potentially misleading. The role of dams alone in determining fish assemblages at a regional spatial scale is relatively small (explained less than 20% of variance) compared with the other environmental factors, such as river size, flow and thermal regimes and land uses jointly. However, our results do demonstrate that downstream and upstream dams can substantially modify fish assemblages in the non-impoundment sections of rivers. After excluding river size and land-use influences, our results clearly demonstrate that dams have significant impacts on fish biotic-integrity and habitat-and-social-preference indicators. The influences of the upstream dams, downstream dams, distance to dams, and dam density differ among the fish indicators, which have different implications for maintaining river biotic integrity, protecting biodiversity and managing fisheries. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Lizhu; Cooper, Arthur] Univ Michigan, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Infante, Dana; Cooper, Arthur] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lyons, John] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Stewart, Jana] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, 1109 N Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lizuwang@umich.edu FU Federal Aid in Sport Fishery Restoration Program [F-80-R-6]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through Michigan State University FX The authors thank Troy Zorn for providing insightful discussion in standardizing fish abundance data from different sampling gears and Paul Seelbach for providing landscape view related to how fragmentation impacts riverine fishes. Matthew Mitro, Dan Sullivan and two anonymous reviewers provided in depth review, which substantially improved the manuscript. This project was partially supported by Federal Aid in Sport Fishery Restoration Program, Project F-80-R-6 through the Fisheries Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Project F-95-P through the Bureau of Science Services of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through Michigan State University. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 473 EP 487 DI 10.1002/rra.1356 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 762EP UT WOS:000290456000004 ER PT J AU Orrock, JL Allan, BF Drost, CA AF Orrock, John L. Allan, Brian F. Drost, Charles A. TI Biogeographic and Ecological Regulation of Disease: Prevalence of Sin Nombre Virus in Island Mice Is Related to Island Area, Precipitation, and Predator Richness SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE California Channel Islands; disease ecology; habitat area; hantavirus; predators; Sin Nombre virus ID INSULAR RODENT POPULATIONS; DEER MICE; CHANNEL-ISLANDS; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; HANTAVIRUS INFECTION; LONG-TERM; CALIFORNIA; MONTANA; DENSITY AB The relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces in affecting disease prevalence in wild hosts is important for understanding disease dynamics and human disease risk. We found that the prevalence of Sin Nombre virus (SNV), the agent of a severe disease in humans (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), in island deer mice from the eight California Channel Islands was greater with increased precipitation (a measure of productivity), greater island area, and fewer species of rodent predators. In finding a strong signal of the ecological forces affecting SNV prevalence, our work highlights the need for future work to understand the relative importance of average rodent density, population fluctuations, behavior, and specialist predators as they affect SNV prevalence. In addition to illustrating the importance of both bottom-up and top-down limitation of disease prevalence, our results suggest that predator richness may have important bearing on the risk of exposure to animal-borne diseases that affect humans. C1 [Orrock, John L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Allan, Brian F.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Drost, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Orrock, JL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jorrock@wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0502069]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the National Park Service, especially the staff at the Channel Islands National Park, for their commitment to research and to collecting the long-term data on island fauna, which made this work possible. We thank P. Collins and C. Schwemm for sharing their knowledge of island mice and predators, and we thank T. Coonan, C. Schwemm, and I. Williams for logistical support during island fieldwork. J. Chase, F. de Castro, R. Holt, and R. Ostfeld provided helpful suggestions and insightful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0502069 to J.L.O. and a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Budweiser Conservation Scholarship to B. F. A. C.A.D.'s contribution was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 31 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 177 IS 5 BP 691 EP 697 DI 10.1086/659632 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 758GO UT WOS:000290151500014 PM 21508614 ER PT J AU Chesnick, IE Centeno, JA Todorov, TI Koenig, AE Potter, K AF Chesnick, Ingrid E. Centeno, Jose A. Todorov, Todor I. Koenig, Alan E. Potter, Kimberlee TI Spatial mapping of mineralization with manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging SO BONE LA English DT Article DE Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; Osteoblasts; Mineralization; Calvaria; Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ID PROTON RELAXATION; BONE-FORMATION; IN-VIVO; OSTEOBLASTS; MYOCARDIUM; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; CULTURES; MICROCT; AGENTS AB Paramagnetic manganese can be employed as a calcium surrogate to sensitize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to the processing of calcium during the bone formation process. At low doses, after just 48 h of exposure, osteoblasts take up sufficient quantities of manganese to cause marked reductions in the water proton T1 values compared with untreated cells. After just 24 h of exposure, 25 mu M MnCl(2) had no significant effect on cell viability. However, for mineralization studies 100 mu M MnCl2 was used to avoid issues of manganese depletion in calvarial organ cultures and a post-treatment delay of 48 h was implemented to ensure that manganese ions taken up by osteoblasts is deposited as mineral. All specimens were identified by their days in vitro (DIV). Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), we confirmed that Mn-treated calvariae continued to deposit mineral in culture and that the mineral composition was similar to that of age-matched controls. Notably there was a significant decrease in the manganese content of DIV18 compared with DIV11 specimens, possibly relating to less manganese sequestration as a result of mineral maturation. More importantly, quantitative T1 maps of Mn-treated calvariae showed localized reductions in T1 values over the calvarial surface, indicative of local variations in the surface manganese content. This result was verified with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). We also found that, Delta R1 values, calculated by subtracting the relaxation rate of Mn-treated specimens from the relaxation rate of age-matched controls, were proportional to the surface manganese content and thus mineralizing activity. From this analysis, we established that mineralization of DIV4 and DIV11 specimens occurred in all tissue zones, but was reduced for DIV18 specimens because of mineral maturation with less manganese sequestration. In DIV25 specimens, active mineralization was observed for the expanding superficial surface and Delta R1 values were increased due to the mineralization of small, previously unmineralized areas. Our findings support the use of manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to study well-orchestrated mineralizing events that occur during embryonic development. In conclusion, MEMRI is more sensitive to the study of mineralization than traditional imaging approaches. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chesnick, Ingrid E.; Potter, Kimberlee] Armed Forces Inst Pathol Annex, Dept Biophys, Magnet Resonance Microscopy Facil, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Centeno, Jose A.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Todorov, Todor I.; Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Potter, K (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol Annex, Dept Biophys, Magnet Resonance Microscopy Facil, 1413 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM kimberlee.potter@us.army.mil FU NIH [AR51446] FX The authors thank Simina Lal (Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, AFIP) for her assistance with the ICP-OES analysis. This work was supported in part by NIH grant AR51446 (KP). NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1194 EP 1201 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2011.02.014 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 754TK UT WOS:000289879900031 PM 21352960 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Kargel, JS Tanaka, KL Crown, DA Berman, DC Fairen, AG Baker, VR Furfaro, R Candelaria, P Sasaki, S AF Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. Kargel, Jeffrey S. Tanaka, Kenneth L. Crown, David A. Berman, Daniel C. Fairen, Alberto G. Baker, Victor R. Furfaro, Roberto Candelaria, Pat Sasaki, Sho TI Secondary chaotic terrain formation in the higher outflow channels of southern circum-Chryse, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Geological processes ID PERMAFROST-AFFECTED SOILS; ANCIENT HEAT-FLOW; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALLINE HEMATITE; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; THAUMASIA REGION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SURFACE-WATER; DRY VALLEYS AB Higher outflow channel dissection in the martian region of southern circum-Chryse appears to have extended from the Late Hesperian to the Middle Amazonian Epoch. These outflow channels were excavated within the upper 1 km of the cryolithosphere, where no liquid water is expected to have existed during these geologic epochs. In accordance with previous work, our examination of outflow channel floor morphologies suggests the upper crust excavated by the studied outflow channels consisted of a thin (a few tens of meters) layer of dry geologic materials overlying an indurated zone that extends to the bases of the investigated outflow channels (1 km in depth). We find that the floors of these outflow channels contain widespread secondary chaotic terrains (i.e., chaotic terrains produced by the destruction of channel-floor materials). These chaotic terrains occur within the full range of outflow channel dissection and tend to form clusters. Our examination of the geology of these chaotic terrains suggests that their formation did not result in the generation of floods. Nevertheless, despite their much smaller dimensions, these chaotic terrains are comprised of the same basic morphologic elements (e.g., mesas, knobs, and smooth deposits within scarp-bound depressions) as those located in the initiation zones of the outflow channels, which suggests that their formation must have involved the release of ground volatiles. We propose that these chaotic terrains developed not catastrophically but gradually and during multiple episodes of nested surface collapse. In order to explain the formation of secondary chaotic terrains within zones of outflow channel dissection, we propose that the regional Martian cryolithosphere contained widespread lenses of volatiles in liquid form. In this model, channel floor collapse and secondary chaotic terrain formation would have taken place as a consequence of instabilities arising during their exhumation by outflow channel dissection. Within relatively warm upper crustal materials in volcanic settings, or within highly saline crustal materials where cryopegs developed, lenses of volatiles in liquid form within the cryolithosphere could have formed, and/or remained stable. In addition, our numerical simulations suggest that low thermal conductivity, dry fine-grained porous geologic materials just a few tens of meters in thickness (e.g., dunes, sand sheets, some types of regolith materials), could have produced high thermal anomalies resulting in subsurface melting. The existence of a global layer of dry geologic materials overlying the cryolithosphere would suggest that widespread lenses of fluids existed (and may still exist) at shallow depths wherever these materials are fine-grained and porous. The surface ages of the investigated outflow channels and chaotic terrains span a full 500 to 700 Myr. Chaotic terrains similar in dimensions and morphology to secondary chaotic terrains are not observed conspicuously throughout the surface of Mars, suggesting that intra-cryolithospheric fluid lenses may form relatively stable systems. The existence of widespread groundwater lenses at shallow depths of burial has tremendous implications for exobiological studies and future human exploration. We find that the clear geomorphologic anomaly that the chaotic terrains and outflow channels of southern Chryse form within the Martian landscape could have been a consequence of large-scale resurfacing resulting from anomalously extensive subsurface melt in this region of the planet produced by high concentrations of salts within the regional upper crust. Crater count statistics reveal that secondary chaotic terrains and the outflow channels within which they occur have overlapping ages, suggesting that the instabilities leading to their formation rapidly dissipated, perhaps as the thickness of the cryolithosphere was reset following the disruption of the upper crustal thermal structure produced during outflow channel excavation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Crown, David A.; Berman, Daniel C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fairen, Alberto G.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Fairen, Alberto G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Furfaro, Roberto; Candelaria, Pat] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sasaki, Sho] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa, Oshu 0230861, Japan. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM alexis@psi.edu NR 129 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2011 VL 213 IS 1 BP 150 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.027 PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 758TR UT WOS:000290190100011 ER PT J AU Mendonca, JG Araujo, CV Borrego, AG Cook, A Flores, D Hackley, P Hower, JC Kern, ML Kommeren, K Kus, J Mastalerz, M Mendonca, JO Menezes, TR Newman, J Ranasinghe, P Souza, IVAF Suarez-Ruiz, I Ujiie, Y AF Mendonca Filho, J. G. Araujo, C. V. Borrego, A. G. Cook, A. Flores, D. Hackley, P. Hower, J. C. Kern, M. L. Kommeren, K. Kus, J. Mastalerz, M. Mendonca, J. O. Menezes, T. R. Newman, J. Ranasinghe, P. Souza, I. V. A. F. Suarez-Ruiz, I. Ujiie, Y. TI Reply to Effect of concentration of organic matter on optical maturity parameters. Interlaboratory results of the organic matter concentration working group of the ICCP. Discussion by Vinay K. Sahay SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kerogen isolation; Optical parameters; Dispersed organic matter; Vitrinite reflectance; Spectral fluorescence; Kerogen concentration ID REFLECTANCE; VITRINITE; KEROGEN AB This reply is motivated by Sahay's comments on the paper published by Mendonca Filho et al. (2010) dealing with the effect of concentration of an organic matter on optical maturity parameters. Four points were raised by Sahay: suggestion to use of chemical parameters to assess the effect of isolation, indication that suppression of vitrinite reflectance in liptinite-rich rocks was insufficiently addressed, discussion on the way to deal with the existence of multiple vitrinite populations in a dispersed organic matter, and contradictory explanation of results involving the influence of isolation procedure on fluorescence properties but no effect on vitrinite reflectance. The four points were separately addressed being the two first ones out of the scope of the paper. The existence of multiple vitrinite populations is a well-recognized problem whose importance in the results could be addressed because the participants provided individual records of vitrinite reflectance. These results indicated that election of different populations was not a major problem in the results. The influence of isolation procedure on the fluorescence spectra of alginite while the vitrinite reflectance remains unaltered is not considered contradictory because both parameters are measured on different components which may have a different response to the acid treatment. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mendonca Filho, J. G.; Kern, M. L.; Mendonca, J. O.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Palynofacies & Organ Facies Lab LAFO, DEGL, IGEO, BR-21949900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [Araujo, C. V.; Menezes, T. R.; Souza, I. V. A. F.] Petrobras R&D Ctr, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Borrego, A. G.; Suarez-Ruiz, I.] CSIC, Inst Nacl Carbon, Oviedo 33011, Spain. [Cook, A.; Ranasinghe, P.] Keiraville Konsultants Pty Ltd, Keiraville, NSW 2500, Australia. [Flores, D.] Univ Porto, Dept Geol, Fac Ciencias Porto, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Hackley, P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Reston MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hower, J. C.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Kommeren, K.] Shell Int Explorat & Prod BV Kessler Pk, NL-2288 GS Rijswijk, Netherlands. [Kus, J.] Geozentrum Hannover, Germany Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Mastalerz, M.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Newman, J.] Newman Energy Res Ltd, Christchurch 8025, New Zealand. [Ujiie, Y.] Hirosaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. RP Mendonca, JG (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Palynofacies & Organ Facies Lab LAFO, DEGL, IGEO, Av Athos Silveira,274 Predio CCMN,Sala JI020,Camp, BR-21949900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. EM graciano@geologia.ufrj.br RI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/C-2098-2013; Flores, Deolinda Flores/N-9901-2013; Borrego, Angeles/B-7094-2015; OI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/0000-0001-8997-0270; Flores, Deolinda Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831; Borrego, Angeles/0000-0001-9021-7358; Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 86 IS 2-3 BP 289 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2011.01.001 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 761BT UT WOS:000290370400015 ER PT J AU Zhao, S Zhang, PF Crusius, J Kroeger, KD Bratton, JF AF Zhao, Sherry Zhang, Pengfei Crusius, John Kroeger, Kevin D. Bratton, John F. TI Use of pharmaceuticals and pesticides to constrain nutrient sources in coastal groundwater of northwestern Long Island, New York, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY IMPACTS; GOLF-COURSES; NITRATE; SEWAGE; SOUND; CARBAMAZEPINE; SPECTROMETRY AB In developed, non-agricultural, unsewered areas, septic systems and fertilizer application to lawns and gardens represent two major sources of nitrogen to coastal groundwater, in addition to atmospheric input. This study was designed to distinguish between these two possible nitrogen sources by analyzing groundwater samples for pharmaceutical residuals, because fertilizers do not contain any of these pharmaceuticals, but domestic wastewater commonly does. In addition, several herbicides and insecticides used in lawn treatment were analyzed as indicators of nitrogen delivery to groundwater from fertilizers. Groundwater samples were taken through piezometres at shoreline sites in unsewered areas surrounding Northport Harbor and in sewered areas adjacent to Manhasset Bay (hereafter referred to as "Northport" and "Manhasset", respectively), both in northwestern Long Island, USA. Excessive nitrogen loading has led to reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations in Long Island Sound, and the groundwater contribution to the nitrogen budget is poorly constrained. The frequent detection of the anticonvulsant compound carbamazepine in groundwater samples of the Northport Harbor area (unsewered), together with the fact that few pesticides associated with lawn applications were detected, suggests that wastewater input and atmospheric input are the likely sources of nitrogen in the Northport groundwater. High concentrations of nitrogen were also detected in the Manhasset (sewered) groundwater. The low detection frequency and concentration of carbamazepine, however, suggest that the sewer system effectively intercepts nitrogen from wastewater there. The likely sources of nitrogen in the Manhasset groundwater are atmospheric deposition and lawn fertilizers, as this area is densely populated. C1 [Zhao, Sherry; Zhang, Pengfei] CUNY, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Zhao, Sherry; Zhang, Pengfei] CUNY, Dept Chem, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Zhao, Sherry; Zhang, Pengfei] CUNY, Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Crusius, John; Kroeger, Kevin D.; Bratton, John F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Zhang, PF (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM pzhang@sci.ccny.cuny.edu RI Zhang, Pengfei/C-2264-2013; OI Zhang, Pengfei/0000-0002-1765-5965; Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349; Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; USGS FX We would like to thank USGS field samplers (Adrian Green, Sandy Baldwin, Michael Casso, Wally Brooks, and Laura Erban) and those who provided site access for sampling (Manhasset Bay Yacht Club and Northport Yacht Club in particular). Service provided by the Mass Spectrometry Core Facility at the CCNY Science Division is appreciated. Funding for this study was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1343 DI 10.1039/c1em10039d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758LR UT WOS:000290166800022 PM 21487579 ER PT J AU Kamireddy, N Jittinandana, S Kenney, PB Slider, SD Kiser, RA Mazik, PM Hankins, JA AF Kamireddy, N. Jittinandana, S. Kenney, P. B. Slider, S. D. Kiser, R. A. Mazik, P. M. Hankins, J. A. TI Effect of Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation and Refrigerated Storage on Quality of Rainbow Trout Fillets SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lipid oxidation; quality; refrigerated storage; trout; vitamin E ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; TOCOPHEROL-BINDING-PROTEIN; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RAT-LIVER; MUSCLE; TISSUE; SALMO; FISH AB Rainbow trout were fed a low vitamin E (200 mg/kg; LVE) or a high vitamin E (5000 mg/kg; HVE) diet for 9 wk to characterize the effect of vitamin E supplementation at 5000 mg/kg on fillet quality. Fish were sampled at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 wk of the trial. Fillets were stored at 2 degrees C for 0, 7, and 14 d, and analyzed for pH, psychrotrophic counts, color, cook yield, shear force, crude fat and moisture content, alpha-tocopherol, fatty acid composition, and lipid oxidation. There was a significant feeding duration by fillet storage time interaction for psychrotrophic counts, crude fat content, cook yield, and shear force. Fillet L* value was not affected by diet, feeding duration or storage time. Fillet a* was lowest at 14-d storage, and b* values increased with fillet storage time. High vitamin E diet increased fillet alpha-tocopherol from 33 to 155 mg/kg. High vitamin E decreased palmitic acid and increased linoleic acid and omega-6 fatty acids. Feeding through 9 wk increased the relative proportions of unsaturated, polyunsaturated, and omega-3 fatty acids, and decreased saturated and omega-6 fatty acids. At 0-d storage, HVE diet did not affect thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) at any sampling week, and fasted fish generated fewer TBARS compared to non-fasted fish. Practical Application Preharvest, dietary manipulation increases vitamin E in trout fillets and affects fatty acid composition. Storage stability depends on careful handling. C1 [Kamireddy, N.; Kenney, P. B.; Slider, S. D.; Kiser, R. A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Jittinandana, S.] Mahidol Univ, Inst Nutr, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. [Mazik, P. M.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS BRD, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hankins, J. A.] Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Kenney, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM bkenney@wvu.edu FU West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station; USDA FX This study was supported by Hatch funds of the West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station and a USDA/CSREES Special Aquaculture Grant. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. It is published with the approval of the Director of the Station as scientific paper nr 3088. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 76 IS 4 BP S233 EP S241 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02121.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 759TF UT WOS:000290270600012 PM 22417368 ER PT J AU Ayotte, JD Szabo, Z Focazio, MJ Eberts, SM AF Ayotte, Joseph D. Szabo, Zoltan Focazio, Michael J. Eberts, Sandra M. TI Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; UNITED-STATES; ARSENIC CONTAMINATION; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; USA; GEOCHEMISTRY; URANIUM; BASIN; VULNERABILITY; CHROMIUM AB The effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow patterns on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements were examined in five hydrologically distinct aquifer systems in the USA. Although naturally occurring, these trace elements can exceed concentrations that are considered harmful to human health. The results show that pumping-induced hydraulic gradient changes and artificial connection of aquifers by well screens can mix chemically distinct groundwater. Chemical reactions between these mixed groundwaters and solid aquifer materials can result in the mobilization of trace elements such as U, As and Ra, with subsequent transport to water-supply wells. For example, in the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, mixing of shallow, oxygenated, lower-pH water from an unconfined aquifer with deeper, confined, anoxic, higher-pH water is facilitated by wells screened across both aquifers. The resulting higher-O(2), lower-pH mixed groundwater facilitated the mobilization of U from solid aquifer materials, and dissolved U concentrations were observed to increase significantly in nearby supply wells. Similar instances of trace element mobilization due to human-induced mixing of groundwaters were documented in: (1) the Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida (As and U), (2) Paleozoic sedimentary aquifers in eastern Wisconsin (As), (3) the basin-fill aquifer underlying the California Central Valley near Modesto (U), and (4) Coastal Plain aquifers of New Jersey (Ra). Adverse water-quality impacts attributed to human activities are commonly assumed to be related solely to the release of the various anthropogenic contaminants to the environment. The results show that human activities including various land uses, well drilling, and pumping rates and volumes can adversely impact the quality of water in supply wells, when associated with naturally-occurring trace elements in aquifer materials. This occurs by causing subtle but significant changes in geochemistry and associated trace element mobilization as well as enhancing advective transport processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ayotte, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Szabo, Zoltan] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Eberts, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Ayotte, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM jayotte@usgs.gov OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 FU US Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. The authors thank Kenneth Belitz and Francis H. Chapelle, USGS, for critical input to this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 78 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 747 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 757IX UT WOS:000290079800010 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Reilly, PA Eberl, DD Blum, AE Bonin, JL Rosman, R Hirst, B Alebus, M Cenno, K Gorska, M AF Barringer, Julia L. Reilly, Pamela A. Eberl, Dennis D. Blum, Alex E. Bonin, Jennifer L. Rosman, Robert Hirst, Barbara Alebus, Marzooq Cenno, Kimberly Gorska, Miroslawa TI Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA-Chemical "fingerprints" for geogenic and anthropogenic sources SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; NATURAL-WATERS; AQUIA AQUIFER; WEST-BENGAL; GEOCHEMISTRY; MOBILIZATION; RELEASE; IRON; BANGLADESH; REDUCTION AB Glauconite-bearing deposits are found worldwide, but As levels have been determined for relatively few. The As content of glauconites in sediments of the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey can exceed 100 mg/kg, and total As concentrations (up to 5.95 mu g/L) found historically and recently in streamwaters exceed the State standard. In a major watershed of the Inner Coastal Plain, chemical "fingerprints" were developed for streambed sediments and groundwater to identify contributions of As to the watershed from geologic and anthropogenic sources. The fingerprint for streambed sediments, which included Be, Cr, Fe and V, indicated that As was predominantly of geologic origin. High concentrations of dissolved organic C, nutrients (and Cl(-)) in shallow groundwater indicated anthropogenic inputs that provided an environment where microbial activity released As from minerals to groundwater discharging to the stream. Particulates in streamwater during high flow constituted most of the As load; the chemical patterns for these particulates resembled the geologic fingerprint of the streambed sediments. The As/Cr ratio of these suspended particles likely indicates they derived not only from runoff, but from groundwater inputs, because As contributed by groundwater is sequestered on streambed sediments. Agricultural inputs of As were not clearly identified, although chemical characteristics of some sediments indicated vehicle-related inputs of metals. Sediment sampling during dry and wet years showed that, under differing hydrologic conditions, local anthropogenic fingerprints could be obscured but the geologic fingerprint, indicating glauconitic sediments as an As source, was robust. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Barringer, Julia L.; Reilly, Pamela A.; Bonin, Jennifer L.; Rosman, Robert] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Eberl, Dennis D.; Blum, Alex E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hirst, Barbara; Alebus, Marzooq; Cenno, Kimberly; Gorska, Miroslawa] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jbarring@usgs.gov FU NJDEP FX Funding for this study was provided by the NJDEP. The authors are grateful to Peter Sugarman, John Dooley and Frederick L. Muller of the New Jersey Geological Survey for samples of, and mineralogical data for, the phosphorites, and thank Ken Thoman, Bill O'Shaughnessy and Sarah Bent of the Monmouth County Park System for access to sampling sites and information about the study area. Thanks go to USGS colleagues LaDonna Choate for analytical help, and Michael Lico and Kirk Nordstrom for helpful comments on early drafts of this paper. Thanks are due to the anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that greatly improved the paper and to Richard B. Wanty for Editorial Handling. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 763 EP 776 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.034 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 757IX UT WOS:000290079800011 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, L. E. TI Depth as an organizer of fish assemblages in floodplain lakes SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Depth; Water quality; Fish assemblages; Lake; CAP analysis; Quantile regression ID ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; BASIN; COMMUNITIES; SEDIMENT; OXBOW; HOMOGENIZATION; ACCUMULATION; ECOLOGY; OXYGEN AB Depth reduction is a natural process in floodplain lakes, but in many basins has been accelerated by anthropogenic disturbances. A diverse set of 42 floodplain lakes in the Yazoo River Basin (Mississippi, USA) was examined to test the hypothesis of whether depth reduction was a key determinant of water quality and fish assemblage structure. Single and multiple variable analyses were applied to 10 commonly monitored water variables and 54 fish species. Results showed strong associations between depth and water characteristics, and between depth and fish assemblages. Deep lakes provided less variable environments, clearer water, and a wider range of microhabitats than shallow lakes. The greater environmental stability was reflected by the dominant species in the assemblages, which included a broader representation of large-body species, species less tolerant of extreme water quality, and more predators. Stability in deep lakes was further reflected by reduced among-lake variability in taxa representation. Fish assemblages in shallow lakes were more variable than deep lakes, and commonly dominated by opportunistic species that have early maturity, extended breeding seasons, small adult size, and short lifespan. Depth is a causal factor that drives many physical and chemical variables that contribute to organizing fish assemblages in floodplain lakes. Thus, correlations between fish and water transparency, temperature, oxygen, trophic state, habitat structure, and other environmental descriptors may ultimately be totally or partly regulated by depth. In basins undergoing rapid anthropogenic modifications, local changes forced by depth reductions may be expected to eliminate species available from the regional pool and could have considerable ecological implications. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District, through a grant administered by J. Killgore by Mississippi State University, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. T. Alfermann, N. Aycock, D. Dembkowski, S. Miyazono, and C. Steffen contributed greatly to the field work. L. Gomes, R. Kroger, D. Shields, and two anonymous referees provided constructive reviews. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 73 IS 2 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s00027-010-0170-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 753QE UT WOS:000289793900003 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Doherty, J AF Hunt, Randall J. Doherty, John TI Interesting or Important? Resetting the Balance of Theory and Application SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Doherty, John] Watermark Numer Comp, Corinda, Qld, Australia. [Doherty, John] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; johndoherty@ozemail.com.au NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 301 EP 301 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00807.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 755CE UT WOS:000289903400001 PM 21382023 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PA AF Hsieh, Paul A. TI Application of MODFLOW for Oil Reservoir Simulation During the Deepwater Horizon Crisis SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB When the Macondo well was shut in on July 15, 2010, the shut-in pressure recovered to a level that indicated the possibility of oil leakage out of the well casing into the surrounding formation. Such a leak could initiate a hydraulic fracture that might eventually breach the seafloor, resulting in renewed and uncontrolled oil flow into the Gulf of Mexico. To help evaluate whether or not to reopen the well, a MODFLOW model was constructed within 24 h after shut in to analyze the shut-in pressure. The model showed that the shut-in pressure can be explained by a reasonable scenario in which the well did not leak after shut in. The rapid response provided a scientific analysis for the decision to keep the well shut, thus ending the oil spill resulting from the Deepwater Horizon blow out. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hsieh, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pahsieh@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00813.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 755CE UT WOS:000289903400008 PM 21410700 ER PT J AU Audetat, A Dolejs, D Lowenstern, JB AF Audetat, Andreas Dolejs, David Lowenstern, Jacob B. TI Molybdenite Saturation in Silicic Magmas: Occurrence and Petrological Implications SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE molybdenite; sulfur fugacity; rhyolite; melt inclusions; laser ablation ICP-MS ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MELT INCLUSIONS; STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENTS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; NEW-MEXICO; SYSTEM; FLUID; PYRRHOTITE; TRANSPORT; PHASES AB We identified molybdenite (MoS2) as an accessory magmatic phase in 13 out of 27 felsic magma systems examined worldwide. The molybdenite occurs as small (< 20 mu m) triangular or hexagonal platelets included in quartz phenocrysts. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of melt inclusions in molybdenite-saturated samples reveal 1-13 ppm Mo in the melt and geochemical signatures that imply a strong link to continental rift basalt rhyolite associations. In contrast, arc-associated rhyolites are rarely molybdenite-saturated, despite similar Mo concentrations. This systematic dependence on tectonic setting seems to reflect the higher oxidation state of arc magmas compared with within-plate magmas. A thermodynamic model devised to investigate the effects of T, fO(2) and fS(2) on molybdenite solubility reliably predicts measured Mo concentrations in molybdenite-saturated samples if the magmas are assumed to have been saturated also in pyrrhotite. Whereas pyrrhotite microphenocrysts have been observed in some of these samples, they have not been observed from other molybdenite-bearing magmas. Based on the strong influence of fS(2) on molybdenite solubility we calculate that also these latter magmas must have been at (or very close to) pyrrhotite saturation. In this case the Mo concentration of molybdenite-saturated melts can be used to constrain both magmatic fO(2) and fS(2) if temperature is known independently (e. g. by zircon saturation thermometry). Our model thus permits evaluation of magmatic fS(2), which is an important variable but is difficult to estimate otherwise, particularly in slowly cooled rocks. C1 [Audetat, Andreas] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Dolejs, David] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Petr & Struct Geol, Prague 12843 2, Czech Republic. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Audetat, A (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM andreas.audetat@uni-bayreuth.de OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM 0021620855]; Czech Science Foundation [205/09/P135] FX This study was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic Research Plan (MSM 0021620855 to D.D.) and the Czech Science Foundation (Project 205/09/P135 to D.D.) NR 58 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 52 IS 5 BP 891 EP 904 DI 10.1093/petrology/egr008 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754FP UT WOS:000289840500003 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Velasco, AA AF Parsons, Tom Velasco, Aaron A. TI Absence of remotely triggered large earthquakes beyond the mainshock region SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC STRESSES; AFTERSHOCKS; SEISMICITY; TREMOR; NUCLEATION; CALIFORNIA; LANDERS; ALASKA AB Large earthquakes are known to trigger earthquakes elsewhere. Damaging large aftershocks occur close to the mainshock and microearthquakes are triggered by passing seismic waves at significant distances from the mainshock(1-6). It is unclear, however, whether bigger, more damaging earthquakes are routinely triggered at distances far from the mainshock, heightening the global seismic hazard after every large earthquake. Here we assemble a catalogue of all possible earthquakes greater than M5 that might have been triggered by every M7 or larger mainshock during the past 30 years. We compare the timing of earthquakes greater than M5 with the temporal and spatial passage of surface waves generated by large earthquakes using a complete worldwide catalogue. Whereas small earthquakes are triggered immediately during the passage of surface waves at all spatial ranges, we find no significant temporal association between surface-wave arrivals and larger earthquakes. We observe a significant increase in the rate of seismic activity at distances confined to within two to three rupture lengths of the mainshock. Thus, we conclude that the regional hazard of larger earthquakes is increased after a mainshock, but the global hazard is not. C1 [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Velasco, Aaron A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; Velasco, Aaron/H-2666-2012; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 312 EP 316 DI 10.1038/NGEO1110 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 756MP UT WOS:000290016000016 ER PT J AU Corrales, J Naja, GM Dziuba, C Rivero, RG Orem, W AF Corrales, Juliana Naja, Ghinwa M. Dziuba, Catherine Rivero, Rosanna G. Orem, William TI Sulfate threshold target to control methylmercury levels in wetland ecosystems SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Sulfate threshold; Everglades Agricultural Area; Bioaccumulation; Mass balance ID PHOSPHORUS SORPTION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MERCURY; SOIL; SULFUR; RATES AB Sulfate contamination has a significant environmental implication through the stimulation of toxic hydrogen sulfide and methylmercury (MeHg) production. High levels of MeHg are a serious problem in many wetland ecosystems worldwide. In the Florida Everglades, it has been demonstrated that increasing MeHg occurrence is due to a sulfate contamination problem. A promising strategy of lowering the MeHg occurrence is to reduce the amount of sulfate entering the ecosystem. High surface water sulfate concentrations in the Everglades are mainly due to discharges from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) canals. Water and total sulfur mass balances indicated that total sulfur released by soil oxidation. Lake Okeechobee and agricultural application were the major sources contributing 49,169, 35,217 and 11,775 mtons year(-1), respectively. Total sulfur loads from groundwater, levees, and atmospheric deposition contributed to a lesser extent: 4055: 5858 and 4229 mtons year(-1) respectively. Total sulfur leaving the EAA into Water Conservation Areas (WCAs) through canal discharge was estimated at 116,360 mtons year(-1), and total sulfur removed by sugarcane harvest accounted for 23,182 mtons year(-1). Furthermore, a rise in the mineral content and pH of the EAA soil over time, suggested that the current rates of sulfur application would increase as the buffer capacity of the soil increases. Therefore, a site specific numeric criterion for sulfate of 1 mg L(-1) was recommended for the protection of the Everglades; above this level, mercury methylation is enhanced. In parallel, sulfide concentrations in the EAA exceeded the 2 mu g L(-1) criterion for surface water already established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Corrales, Juliana; Naja, Ghinwa M.; Rivero, Rosanna G.] Everglades Fdn, Dept Sci, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. [Dziuba, Catherine] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Naja, GM (reprint author), Everglades Fdn, Dept Sci, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. EM mnaja@evergladesfoundation.org OI Rivero, Rosanna/0000-0002-9896-3678 FU Bailey Wildlife Foundation; Batchelor Foundation; Darden Foundation FX The authors thank the Bailey Wildlife Foundation, the Batchelor Foundation, and the Darden Foundation for their financial support. The authors also thank the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) for the DBHYDRO data used in this study. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 11 BP 2156 EP 2162 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.030 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 757DW UT WOS:000290066000018 PM 21439608 ER PT J AU Ralston-Hooper, KJ Sanchez, BC Adamec, J Sepulveda, MS AF Ralston-Hooper, Kimberly J. Sanchez, Brian C. Adamec, Jiri Sepulveda, Maria S. TI PROTEOMICS IN AQUATIC AMPHIPODS: CAN IT BE USED TO DETERMINE MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY AND INTERSPECIES RESPONSES AFTER EXPOSURE TO ATRAZINE? SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Proteomics; Diporeia; Hyalella; Atrazine; Desethylatrazine ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; PROTEIN-METABOLISM; CADMIUM; TISSUES; STRESS; INVERTEBRATES; HORMESIS; ENZYMES AB Proteomics has gained popularity in the field of ecotoxicology as a holistic tool for unraveling novel mechanisms of toxicity and elucidating subtle effects of contaminant exposure. The holoarctic amphipod Diporeia spp. is declining at precipitous rates in the Great Lakes, and we are evaluating the use of the well-studied amphipod model Hyalella azteca as a surrogate for Diporeia spp. This article presents proteomics data from both amphipod species exposed to atrazine (ATZ) and one of its metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA; 3 and 30 mu g/L, for 21 and 42 d). We used a proteomics approach to determine whether these two species of amphipods responded similarly to the same chemicals and to understand better the mechanisms of toxicity of ATz and DEA in aquatic invertebrates. We observed disruption in energy production and mitochondrial function as well as hormesis in exposed organisms. In addition, we identified a two proteins (GAPDH and HSP 90 kDa) that have been linked to hormonal disruptions, suggesting potential endocrine disruption. Finally, we found that H. azteca and Diporeia spp. responded with similar proteomic profiles after ATZ and DEA exposure, suggesting that H. azteca may be used as a surrogate model organism for Diporeia spp. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1197-1203. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ralston-Hooper, Kimberly J.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Sanchez, Brian C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO USA. [Adamec, Jiri] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1203 DI 10.1002/etc.475 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 753ZP UT WOS:000289820400023 PM 21309028 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Horak, KE Warner, SE Day, DD Meteyer, CU Volker, SF Eisemann, JD Johnston, JJ AF Rattner, Barnett A. Horak, Katherine E. Warner, Sarah E. Day, Daniel D. Meteyer, Carol U. Volker, Steven F. Eisemann, John D. Johnston, John J. TI ACUTE TOXICITY, HISTOPATHOLOGY, AND COAGULOPATHY IN AMERICAN KESTRELS (FALCO SPARVERIUS) FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF THE RODENTICIDE DIPHACINONE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anticoagulant rodenticides; Birds; Clotting time; Diphacinone; Secondary poisoning ID ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES; NEW-ZEALAND; NEW-YORK; BRODIFACOUM; WILDLIFE; WARFARIN; RAPTORS; BIRDS AB The acute oral toxicity of the anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone was found to be over 20 times greater in American kestrels (Falco sparverius; median lethal dose 96.8 mg/kg body weight) compared with Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Modest evidence of internal bleeding was observed at necropsy, although histological examination of heart, liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and skeletal muscle revealed hemorrhage over a wide range of doses (35.1-675 mg/kg). Residue analysis suggests that the half-life of diphacinone in the liver of kestrels that survived was relatively short, with the majority of the dose cleared within 7 d of exposure. Several precise and sensitive clotting assays (prothrombin time, Russell's viper venom time, thrombin clotting time) were adapted for use in this species, and oral administration of diphacinone at 50 mg/kg increased prothrombin time and Russell's viper venom time at 48 and 96 h postdose compared with controls. Prolongation of in vitro clotting time reflects impaired coagulation complex activity, and generally corresponded with the onset of overt signs of toxicity and lethality. in view of the toxicity and risk evaluation data derived from American kestrels, the involvement of diphacinone in some raptor mortality events, and the paucity of threshold effects data following short-term dietary exposure for birds of prey, additional feeding trials with captive raptors are warranted to characterize more fully the risk of secondary poisoning. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1213-1222. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Warner, Sarah E.; Day, Daniel D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Horak, Katherine E.; Volker, Steven F.; Eisemann, John D.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Johnston, John J.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov FU U.S Department of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey; California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee [07-0832] FX The authors thank Wayne C. Bauer and Mary E. Maxey for animal care; Joann Beaver, Nimish B. Vyas, and Gary H. Heinz for suggestions related to dosing of kestrels; J. Christian Franson and Lesanna L. Lahner for help with preliminary studies; Marjory 13. Brooks for guidance on the development of clotting assays; and Rebecca S. Lazarus for assistance with some statistical analyses. This work was supported by the U.S Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Geological Survey, and a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research Advisory Committee (agreement 07-0832). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1222 DI 10.1002/etc.490 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 753ZP UT WOS:000289820400025 PM 21337606 ER PT J AU Touchan, R Woodhouse, CA Meko, DM Allen, C AF Touchan, Ramzi Woodhouse, Connie A. Meko, David M. Allen, Craig TI Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; dendrohydrology; reconstruction ID TREE-RING WIDTHS; DIE-OFF; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; PACIFIC; WINTER; OCEAN; ENSO; FLOW; USA AB Drought is a recurring phenomenon in the American Southwest. Since the frequency and severity of hydrologic droughts and other hydroclimatic events are of critical importance to the ecology and rapidly growing human population of this region, knowledge of long-term natural hydroclimatic variability is valuable for resource managers and policy-makers. An October-June precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 824-2007 was developed from multicentury tree-ring records of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pinus strobiformis (Southwestern white pine) and Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) for the Jemez Mountains in Northern New Mexico. Calibration and verification statistics for the period 1896-2007 show a high level of skill, and account for a significant portion of the observed variance (> 50%) irrespective of which period is used to develop or verify the regression model. Split-sample validation supports our use of a reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1896-2007). A recent segment of the reconstruction (2000-2006) emerges as the driest 7-year period sensed by the trees in the entire record. That this period was only moderately dry in precipitation anomaly likely indicates accentuated stress from other factors, such as warmer temperatures. Correlation field maps of actual and reconstructed October-June total precipitation, sea surface temperatures and 500-mb geopotential heights show characteristics that are similar to those indicative of El Nino-Southern Oscillation patterns, particularly with regard to ocean and atmospheric conditions in the equatorial and north Pacific. Our 1184-year reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability provides long-term perspective on current and 20th century wet and dry events in Northern New Mexico, is useful to guide expectations of future variability, aids sustainable water management, provides scenarios for drought planning and as inputs for hydrologic models under a broader range of conditions than those provided by historical climate records. Copyright (c) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Touchan, Ramzi; Meko, David M.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Allen, Craig] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Touchan, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rtouchan@ltrr.arizona.edu FU USGS Biological Resources Discipline; Global Change Research Program; Western Mountain Initiative [04HQAG0121] FX We thank Mark Losleben, Irina Panyushkina, Kay Beeley, Rebecca Oertel, Ellis Margolis and Andrew Goumas for their valuable assistance in the field; Julie Wong for her assistance in sample preparation and measurement. Funding was provided by the USGS Biological Resources Discipline, Global Change Research Program, Western Mountain Initiative (Award No. 04HQAG0121). NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 31 IS 6 BP 896 EP 906 DI 10.1002/joc.2117 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 752MQ UT WOS:000289696200008 ER PT J AU Miller, ME Belote, RT Bowker, MA Garman, SL AF Miller, Mark E. Belote, R. Travis Bowker, Matthew A. Garman, Steven L. TI Alternative states of a semiarid grassland ecosystem: implications for ecosystem services SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biological soil crusts; Bromus tectorum; Colorado Plateau; drylands; dust; ecosystem services; functional groups; livestock grazing; resilience; state and transition model; wind erosion AB Ecosystems can shift between alternative states characterized by persistent differences in structure, function, and capacity to provide ecosystem services valued by society. We examined empirical evidence for alternative states in a semiarid grassland ecosystem where topographic complexity and contrasting management regimes have led to spatial variations in levels of livestock grazing. Using an inventory data set, we found that plots (n = 72) cluster into three groups corresponding to generalized alternative states identified in an a priori conceptual model. One cluster (biocrust) is notable for high coverage of a biological soil crust functional group in addition to vascular plants. Another (grass-bare) lacks biological crust but retains perennial grasses at levels similar to the biocrust cluster. A third (annualized-bare) is dominated by invasive annual plants. Occurrence of grass-bare and annualized-bare conditions in areas where livestock have been excluded for over 30 years demonstrates the persistence of these states. Significant differences among all three clusters were found for percent bare ground, percent total live cover, and functional group richness. Using data for vegetation structure and soil erodibility, we also found large among-cluster differences in average levels of dust emissions predicted by a wind-erosion model. Predicted emissions were highest for the annualized-bare cluster and lowest for the biocrust cluster, which was characterized by zero or minimal emissions even under conditions of extreme wind. Results illustrate potential trade-offs among ecosystem services including livestock production, soil retention, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation. Improved understanding of these trade-offs may assist ecosystem managers when evaluating alternative management strategies. C1 [Miller, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. [Belote, R. Travis; Bowker, Matthew A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Garman, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Miller, ME (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Utah Grp, 2282 Southwest Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM mark_e_miller@nps.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (Southwest Biological Science Center, Status and Trends of Biological Resources Program, and Global Change Program); Nature Conservancy of Utah; National Park Service FX Funding support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (Southwest Biological Science Center, Status and Trends of Biological Resources Program, and Global Change Program), The Nature Conservancy of Utah, and the National Park Service. Additional logistical support was provided by the Bureau of Land Management. We thank Rebecca Mann, Mary Moran, Hillary Hudson, Ralph Ferrara, and Ole Bye for assistance with field work and data management. Jayne Belnap provided wind-tunnel data. Brandon Bestelmeyer, David Eldridge, Barry Baker, Seth Munson, Nichole Barger, and Jack Morgan provided comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. We thank Vicki Webster for editorial assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2011 VL 2 IS 5 AR UNSP 55 DI 10.1890/ES11-00027.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IV UT WOS:000208810600003 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Gutierrez, V Zipkin, EF AF Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana Zipkin, Elise F. TI Detection biases yield misleading patterns of species persistence and colonization in fragmented landscapes SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity conservation; detectability; hierarchical model; human-modified landscapes; multispecies models; occupancy; presence-absence; tropical birds AB Species occurrence patterns, and related processes of persistence, colonization and turnover, are increasingly being used to infer habitat suitability, predict species distributions, and measure biodiversity potential. The majority of these studies do not account for observational error in their analyses despite growing evidence suggesting that the sampling process can significantly influence species detection and subsequently, estimates of occurrence. We examined the potential biases of species occurrence patterns that can result from differences in detectability across species and habitat types using hierarchical multispecies occupancy models applied to a tropical bird community in an agricultural fragmented landscape. Our results suggest that detection varies widely among species and habitat types. Not incorporating detectability severely biased occupancy dynamics for many species by overestimating turnover rates, producing misleading patterns of persistence and colonization of agricultural habitats, and misclassifying species into ecological categories (i.e., forest specialists and generalists). This is of serious concern, given that most research on the ability of agricultural lands to maintain current levels of biodiversity by and large does not correct for differences in detectability. We strongly urge researchers to apply an inferential framework which explicitly account for differences in detectability to fully characterize species-habitat relationships, correctly guide biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes, and generate more accurate predictions of species responses to future changes in environmental conditions. C1 [Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Ruiz-Gutierrez, V (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM vruizg@colostate.edu FU Guani Family Fellowship in Conservation Biology; Cornell Latin American Studies Program Tinker Foundation Research Grant; NSF-DDEP [OISE-0631735] FX We are grateful to Andy Royle for all of his guidance and support. We thank Wesley Hochachka, Paul Doherty and his Lab group, Larissa Bailey, Bill Fagan, Evan Grant, Beth Gardner, Marc Kery and an anonymous reviewer for their input on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was funded by the Guani Family Fellowship in Conservation Biology, the Cornell Latin American Studies Program Tinker Foundation Research Grant, and an NSF-DDEP (number OISE-0631735) to VRG. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2011 VL 2 IS 5 AR UNSP 61 DI 10.1890/ES10-00207.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IV UT WOS:000208810600009 ER PT J AU Zelikova, TJ Sanders, NJ Dunn, RR AF Zelikova, Tamara J. Sanders, Nathan J. Dunn, Robert R. TI The mixed effects of experimental ant removal on seedling distribution, belowground invertebrates, and soil nutrients SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ant removal; Aphaenogaster rudis; ecosystem processes; Hexastylis arifolia; multi-species interactions; seed dispersal; soil nutrient dynamics AB Ants are ubiquitous members of most forest communities, where they disperse seeds, prey on other species, and influence the flow of nutrients. Their effects are often described as substantial, but few studies to date have simultaneously examined how the presence of ants affects both above and belowground processes. In this study, we experimentally reduced ant abundance in a suite of deciduous forest plots in northern Georgia, USA to assess the effects of ants on the spatial distribution of a common understory plant species, Hexastlylis arifolia, the structure of soil mesofaunal communities, and soil nitrogen dynamics. Over the course of several years, the removal of ants led to significant spatial aggregation of H. arifolia seedlings near the parent plant, most likely due to the absence of the keystone seed dispersal species, Aphaenogaster rudis. Seedling emergence was higher in ant removal plots, but seedling aggregation did not affect first or second year seedling mortality. Ammonium concentrations were 103 higher in ant removal plots relative to control plots where ants were present in the first year of the study, but this increase disappeared in the second and third years of the study. The effects of ant removal on the soil mesofauna were mixed: removal of ants apparently did not affect the abundance of Collembola, but the abundance of oribatid mites was significantly higher in ant removal plots by year two of the study. Taken together, these results provide some of the first experimental evidence of the diverse direct and indirect effects of ants on both above and belowground processes in forest ecosystems and demonstrate the potential consequences of losing an important seed dispersing ant species for the plants they disperse. C1 [Zelikova, Tamara J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Nathan J.] Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dunn, Robert R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zelikova, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, 2290 W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jzelikova@usgs.gov FU Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Walker Van Riper Museum Grant from the Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado FX This study is part of the PhD dissertation of TJZ at the University of Colorado - Boulder and was financially supported by the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Walker Van Riper Museum Grant from the Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado. We would like to thank Dr. Ron Pulliam from the University of Georgia and Dr. Itamar Giladi from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for help in designing this study. We would also like to thank Kali Blevins, Jeffrey McClenahan, and Dr. Ernest Bernard for assistance in identifying Collembola specimens. We also thank Lara Souza and Michael Breed for their helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2011 VL 2 IS 5 AR UNSP 63 DI 10.1890/ES11-00073.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IV UT WOS:000208810600011 ER PT J AU Walls, SC Waddle, JH Dorazio, RM AF Walls, Susan C. Waddle, J. Hardin Dorazio, Robert M. TI Estimating Occupancy Dynamics in an Anuran Assemblage From Louisiana, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibians; call surveys; colonization; extinction; Lousiana; occupancy ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; SPECIES RICHNESS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; DETECTABILITY; EXTINCTION; COLONIZATION; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; TURNOVER AB Effective monitoring programs are designed to track changes in the distribution, occurrence, and abundance of species. We developed an extension of Royle and Kery's (2007) single species model to estimate simultaneously temporal changes in probabilities of detection, occupancy, colonization, extinction, and species turnover using data on calling anuran amphibians, collected from 2002 to 2006 in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Louisiana, USA. During our 5-year study, estimates of occurrence probabilities declined for all 12 species detected. These declines occurred primarily in conjunction with variation in estimates of local extinction probabilities (cajun chorus frog [Pseudacris fouquettei], spring peeper [P. crucifer], northern cricket frog [Acris crepitans], Cope's gray treefrog [Hyla chrysoscelis], green treefrog [H. cinerea], squirrel treefrog [H. squirella], southern leopard frog [Lithobates sphenocephalus], bronze frog [L. clamitans], American bullfrog [L. catesbeianus], and Fowler's toad [Anaxyrus fowleri]). For 2 species (eastern narrow-mouthed toad [Gastrophryne carolinensis] and Gulf Coast toad [Incilius nebulifer]), declines in occupancy appeared to be a consequence of both increased local extinction and decreased colonization events. The eastern narrow-mouthed toad experienced a 2.5-fold increase in estimates of occupancy in 2004, possibly because of the high amount of rainfall received during that year, along with a decrease in extinction and increase in colonization of new sites between 2003 and 2004. Our model can be incorporated into monitoring programs to estimate simultaneously the occupancy dynamics for multiple species that show similar responses to ecological conditions. It will likely be an important asset for those monitoring programs that employ the same methods to sample assemblages of ecologically similar species, including those that are rare. By combining information from multiple species to decrease the variance on estimates of individual species, our results are advantageous compared to single-species models. This feature enables managers and researchers to use an entire community, rather than just one species, as an ecological indicator in monitoring programs. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Walls, Susan C.; Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009; OI Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133; Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 FU United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX We thank J. Beck, J. Doherty, D. Drake, W. Hedge, S. Hill, S. Hunnicutt, R. Moss, K. Roberts, J. Sullivan, and K. Wharton for assistance in conducting call surveys. Figure 1 was constructed by B. Glorioso. We thank J. Mitchell for insightful discussions and W. J. Barichivich for manuscript assistance. Comments, advice, and suggestions of A. J. Kroll and anonymous reviewers greatly improved the clarity of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. This is contribution 366 of the United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.1002/jwmg.97 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 779YM UT WOS:000291818100001 ER PT J AU McRoberts, JT Butler, MJ Ballard, WB Whitlaw, HA Haukos, DA Wallace, MC AF McRoberts, Jon T. Butler, Matthew J. Ballard, Warren B. Whitlaw, Heather A. Haukos, David A. Wallace, Mark C. TI Detectability of Lesser Prairie-Chicken Leks: A Comparison of Surveys From Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; detectability; fixed-wing aircraft; helicopter; lek; lesser prairie-chicken; New Mexico; Texas; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; AERIAL SURVEYS; SAGE-GROUSE; GREATER; HELICOPTERS; ATTENDANCE; ABUNDANCE; COLORADO; NUMBERS; INDEX AB Lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) are traditionally monitored by spring road-based lek surveys and counts of males attending leks. Several weaknesses exist with ground-based monitoring methods such as the bias of restricting surveys to roads, unknown probability of lek detection, and man-hours required to survey large tracts of habitat. We evaluated aerial surveys to locate lesser prairie-chicken leks in Texas and New Mexico using a Cessna 172 airplane (C172), R-22 Beta II helicopter (R-22), and R-44 Raven II helicopter (R-44) during spring 2007-2008. We determined lek activity during surveys with remote cameras placed on leks and cross-referenced time on the photo frame to time on our Global Positioning System flight log. From remote cameras we found that 305 leks were available for detection during survey flights. We determined lek detectability was 32.7% (95% CI = 20.3-47.1%) in the C172, 72.3% (64.50-79.14%) in the R-22, and 89.8% (82.0-95.0%) in the R-44. We created 16 a priori logistic regression models incorporating aircraft platform, distance to lek, survey date, lek size, and lek type to explain lek detection from aerial surveys. Our top ranked model included platform, distance, and lek type (model weight; w(i) = 0.288). We had four competitive models and model averaged to draw inferences. Model averaging showed that detectability was generally greatest with the R-44, followed by the R-22, and lowest with the C172, with a slight deviation from this ranking at increased distances. Within our transect width, model averaging also suggested that detectability decreased as distance from the transect to the lek increased during helicopter surveys, and detectability increased as distance from the transect to the lek increased during C172 surveys. Furthermore, man-made leks were more likely to be detected than natural leks and large leks were more likely to be detected than medium or small leks. Aerial surveys effectively locate new leks and monitor lek density, and alleviate weaknesses associated with ground-based monitoring. We recommend using the R-44 to conduct lek surveys while flying at an altitude of 15 m at a speed of 60 km/hr on sunny mornings. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [McRoberts, Jon T.; Butler, Matthew J.; Ballard, Warren B.; Wallace, Mark C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Haukos, David A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP McRoberts, JT (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, POB 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM jon.mcroberts@ttu.edu FU TPWD [W-126-R] FX We thank J. Bonner, D. Lucia, D. Wright, C. Burch, and D. Holdstock, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), for their commitment to the success of this project. We also thank V. Bevill and R. Roegner, TPWD, for their support in project funding by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act under Pittman-Robertson project W-126-R. J. Hughes, USFWS, P. McDaniel, The Nature Conservancy, E. Jaquez and T. Allen, United States Bureau of Land Management, offered valuable advice and provided critical logistic support. We thank E. Bruns and L. (Rucker) Parks for their assistance, and we thank pilot A. Wheatly for technical guidance. We are grateful to the private landowners of Texas and New Mexico for allowing us to survey for leks on their property. We appreciate R. Herbert, A. Haskell, and J. Wallace for reviewing remote camera data. We are grateful to the Houston Safari Club for their financial support. We also thank Texas Tech University Department of Natural Resources Management graduate and undergraduate students for assistance with project field work. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 771 EP 778 DI 10.1002/jwmg.116 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 779YM UT WOS:000291818100003 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Pearlstine, EV Dorazio, RM Mazzotti, FJ AF Miller, Mark W. Pearlstine, Elise V. Dorazio, Robert M. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Occupancy and Abundance of Wintering Birds in a Dynamic Agricultural Landscape SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE common yellowthroat; edge effects; Everglades Agricultural Area; palm warbler; point counts; site occupancy; sugarcane ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; OBSERVER DIFFERENCES; FARMLAND BIRDS; FIELD MARGINS; UNITED-STATES; POINT COUNTS; POPULATIONS; SINKS; CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Assessing wildlife management action requires monitoring populations, and abundance often is the parameter monitored. Recent methodological advances have enabled estimation of mean abundance within a habitat using presence-absence or count data obtained via repeated visits to a sample of sites. These methods assume populations are closed and intuitively assume habitats within sites change little during a field season. However, many habitats are highly variable over short periods. We developed a variation of existing occupancy and abundance models that allows for extreme spatio-temporal differences in habitat, and resulting changes in wildlife abundance, among sites and among visits to a site within a field season. We conducted our study in sugarcane habitat within the Everglades Agricultural Area southeast of Lake Okeechobee in south Florida. We counted wintering birds, primarily passerines, within 245 sites usually 5 times at each site during December 2006-March 2007. We estimated occupancy and mean abundance of birds in 6 vegetation states during the sugarcane harvest and allowed these parameters to vary temporally or spatially within a vegetation state. Occupancy and mean abundance of the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) was affected by structure of sugarcane and uncultivated edge vegetation (occupancy = 1.00 [95% CI = 0.96-1.00] and mean abundance = 7.9 [95% CI = 3.2-19.5] in tall sugarcane with tall edge vegetation versus 0.20 [95% CI = 0.04-0.71] and 0.22 [95% CI = 0.04-1.2], respectively, in short sugarcane with short edge vegetation in one half of the study area). Occupancy and mean abundance of palm warblers (Dendroica palmarum) were constant (occupancy = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.69-1.00; mean abundance = 18, 95% CI = 1-270). Our model may enable wildlife managers to assess rigorously effects of future edge habitat management on avian distribution and abundance within agricultural landscapes during winter or the breeding season. The model may also help wildlife managers make similar management decisions involving other dynamic habitats such as wetlands, prairies, and even forested areas if forest management or fires occur during the field season. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Miller, Mark W.; Pearlstine, Elise V.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), 2006 NW 55th Ave,G-8, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mark_wayne_miller@yahoo.com RI Miller, Mark/F-6284-2015 OI Miller, Mark/0000-0003-4211-1393 FU Everglades Agricultural Area Environmental Protection District FX We thank US Sugar, Okeelanta Corporation, King Ranch, and the Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida for access to their property. Everglades Agricultural Area Environmental Protection District provided partial funding for our study. M. Chamberlain, D. Hanseder, J. Nichols, K. Rice, S. Rosenstock, S. Sealy, P. Stouffer, F. Thompson, P. Vickery, and an anonymous referee provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 836 EP 847 DI 10.1002/jwmg.98 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 779YM UT WOS:000291818100010 ER PT J AU Gehring, J Kerlinger, P Manville, AM AF Gehring, Joelle Kerlinger, Paul Manville, Albert M., II TI The Role of Tower Height and Guy Wires on Avian Collisions With Communication Towers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE collision; communication tower height; guy wires; Michigan; neotropical migratory songbird; unguyed or self-supported towers ID BIRD MIGRATION; MORTALITY AB Every year an estimated 4-5 million migratory birds collide with communication towers in the United States. We examined the relative risks that tower support systems and tower height pose to migrating and other birds. We collected data comparing tower support systems (guyed vs. unguyed) and tower height categories in Michigan during 20 days of the peak of songbird migration at 6 towers in September-October 2003, 23 towers in May 2004, 24 towers in September 2004, and 6 towers in both May and September 2005. We systematically and simultaneously searched for bird carcasses under each tower and measured carcass removal and observer detection rates each season. Of those towers, 21 were between 116 and 146 m above ground level (AGL, medium) and 3 were > 305 m AGL (tall). During the five 20-day sample periods we found a mean of 8.2 bird carcasses per guyed medium tower and a mean of 0.5 bird carcasses under unguyed medium towers. During four 20-day sample periods we detected a mean of 34.7 birds per guyed tall tower. Using both parametric and nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference multiple comparison procedure) we determined that unguyed medium towers were involved in significantly fewer fatalities than guyed medium towers. We detected 54-86% fewer fatalities at guyed medium towers than at guyed tall towers. We found 16 times more fatalities at guyed medium towers than at unguyed medium towers. Tall, guyed towers were responsible for 70 times as many bird fatalities as the unguyed medium towers and nearly five times as many as guyed medium towers. These findings will provide managers and regulators, such as the US Fish and Wildlife Service, with quantitative data; thereby, allowing them to effectively work with the Federal Communications Commission in siting and authorizing tower placement. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Gehring, Joelle] Michigan State Univ Extens, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Kerlinger, Paul] Curry & Kerlinger LLC, Cape May Point, NJ 08212 USA. [Manville, Albert M., II] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Gehring, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ Extens, Stevens T Mason Bldg,POB 30444, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM gehringj@michigan.gov FU Michigan State University-Michigan Natural Features Inventory, USFWS; Curry Kerlinger, LLC; Michigan State Police; United States Forest Service, Ornithological Council, MDNRE; Central Michigan University; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; FAA, FCC; WEST, Inc. FX We thank the many technicians who collected these data and the tower operators who granted access to sites. The following organizations and agencies provided support: Michigan State University-Michigan Natural Features Inventory, USFWS (sponsor), Curry & Kerlinger, LLC (sponsor), Michigan State Police (sponsor), United States Forest Service, Ornithological Council, MDNRE (sponsor), Central Michigan University (sponsor), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (sponsor), FAA, FCC, and WEST, Inc. We thank the reviewers of this project and manuscript throughout its development and publishing. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 848 EP 855 DI 10.1002/jwmg.99 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 779YM UT WOS:000291818100011 ER PT J AU Turner, MM Rockhill, AP Deperno, CS Jenks, JA Klaver, RW Jarding, AR Grovenburg, TW Pollock, KH AF Turner, Melissa M. Rockhill, Aimee P. Deperno, Christopher S. Jenks, Jonathan A. Klaver, Robert W. Jarding, Angela R. Grovenburg, Troy W. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI Evaluating the Effect of Predators on White-Tailed Deer: Movement and Diet of Coyotes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyotes; habitat selection; Minnesota; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer ID SOUTH-CENTRAL GEORGIA; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; FOOD-HABITS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; CANIS LATRANS; MULE DEER; SURVIVAL AB Coyotes (Canis latrans) may affect adult and neonate white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) survival and have been implicated as a contributor to the decline of deer populations. Additionally, coyote diet composition is influenced by prey availability, season, and region. Because coyote movement and diet vary by region, local data are important to understand coyote population dynamics and their impact on prey species. In southeast Minnesota, we investigated the effect of coyotes on white-tailed deer populations by documenting movement rates, distances moved, and habitats searched by coyotes during fawning and nonfawning periods. Additionally, we determined survival, cause-specific mortality, and seasonal diet composition of coyotes. From 2001 to 2003, we captured and radiocollared 30 coyotes. Per-hour rate of movement averaged 0.87 km and was greater (P = 0.046) during the fawning (1.07 km) than the nonfawning period (0.80 km); areas searched were similar (P = 0.175) between seasons. Coyote habitat use differed during both seasons; habitats were not used in proportion to their availability (P < 0.001). Croplands were used more (P < 0.001) than their proportional availability during both seasons. Use of grasslands was greater during the fawning period (P = 0.030), whereas use of cropland was greater in the nonfawning period (P < 0.001). We collected 66 fecal samples during the nonfawning period; coyote diets were primarily composed of Microtus spp. (65.2%), and consumption of deer was 9.1%. During the study, 19 coyotes died; annual survival rate range was 0.33-0.41, which was low compared with other studies. Consumption of deer was low and coyotes searched open areas (i.e., cropland) more than fawning areas with dense cover. These factors in addition to high coyote mortality suggested that coyote predation was not likely limiting white-tailed deer populations in southeast Minnesota. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Turner, Melissa M.; Rockhill, Aimee P.; Deperno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jenks, Jonathan A.; Jarding, Angela R.; Grovenburg, Troy W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Turner, MM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mmturner@ncsu.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; South Dakota State University; Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Bluffland Whitetails Association; Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc.; Minnesota State Archery Association I; North Country Bowhunters Chapter of Safari Club International; Whitetail Institute of North America FX Funding for this study was provided by Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, South Dakota State University, Bend of the River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Bluffland Whitetails Association, Cottonwood County Game and Fish League, Des Moines Valley Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc., Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Minnesota State Archery Association I, North Country Bowhunters Chapter of Safari Club International, RumRiver Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, South Metro Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, and Whitetail Institute of North America. In addition, we would like to thank all technicians and volunteers who assisted during the capture. We thank S. D. Gehrt and T. E. Gosselink for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any mention of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 97 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 905 EP 912 DI 10.1002/jwmg.109 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 779YM UT WOS:000291818100017 ER PT J AU Hallmann, N Schone, BR Irvine, GV Burchell, M Cokelet, ED Hilton, MR AF Hallmann, Nadine Schoene, Bernd R. Irvine, Gail V. Burchell, Meghan Cokelet, Edward D. Hilton, Michael R. TI AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT: THE APPLICATION OF A BIVALVE GROWTH-TEMPERATURE MODEL TO RECONSTRUCT FRESHWATER-INFLUENCED PALEOENVIRONMENTS SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MOLLUSK CHIONE-CORTEZI; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NORTHERN GULF; SCLEROCHRONOLOGICAL RECORDS; PHACOSOMA-JAPONICUM; MARINE CARBONATES AB Shells of intertidal bivalve mollusks contain sub-seasonally to inter-annually resolved records of temperature and salinity variations in coastal settings. Such data are essential to understand changing land-sea interactions through time, specifically atmospheric (precipitation rate, glacial meltwater, river discharge) and oceanographic circulation patterns; however, independent temperature and salinity proxies are currently not available. We established a model for reconstructing daily water temperatures with an average standard error of similar to 1.3 degrees C based on variations in the width of lunar daily growth increments of Saxidomus gigantea from southwestern Alaska, United States. Temperature explains 70% of the variability in shell growth. When used in conjunction with stable oxygen isotope data, this approach can also be used to identify changes in past seawater salinity. This study provides a better understanding of the hydrological changes related to the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC). In combination with delta O-18(shell) values, increment-derived temperatures were used to estimate salinity changes with an average error of 1.4 +/- 1.1 PSU. Our model was calibrated and tested with modern shells and then applied to archaeological specimens. As derived from the model, the time interval of 988-1447 cal yr BP was characterized by similar to 1-2 degrees C colder and much drier (2-5 PSU) summers. During that time, the ACC was likely flowing much more slowly than at present. In contrast, between 599-1014 cal yr BP, the Aleutian low may have been stronger, which resulted in a 3 degrees C temperature decrease during summers and 1-2 PSU fresher conditions than today; the ACC was probably flowing more quickly at that time. The shell growth temperature model can be used to estimate seasonal to interannual salinity and temperature changes in freshwater-influenced environments through time. C1 [Hallmann, Nadine; Schoene, Bernd R.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Dept Appl & Analyt Paleontol INCREMENTS, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Burchell, Meghan] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Cokelet, Edward D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hilton, Michael R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cotsen Inst Archaeol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Hallmann, N (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Dept Appl & Analyt Paleontol INCREMENTS, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM meiern@uni-mainz.de RI Schone, Bernd/B-6294-2011 FU German Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG [SCHO 793/3]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. National Park Service FX Financial support for this study was provided by the German Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG (SCHO 793/3) to BRS; the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. National Park Service to GVI. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the U.S. government. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature data (NCEP/DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis, "skin temperature") were provided by the Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/). GAKI salinity data came from the Institute of Marine Science at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (http://www.ims.uaf.edu). We kindly thank Jens Fiebig (University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and Christopher S. Romanek (University of Kentucky, United States) for conducting most of the isotope analyses of carbonates and water, respectively. Thanks also to Kazushige Tanabe and Marta E. Torres for reviews of the draft manuscript. We are grateful for suggestions by two anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Adam Tomasovych, which significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. This is contribution number 3662 from the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 EI 1938-5323 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5-6 BP 346 EP 363 DI 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r PG 18 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 786YC UT WOS:000292342800009 ER PT J AU Killgore, KJ Miranda, LE Murphy, CE Wolff, DM Hoover, JJ Keevin, TM Maynord, ST Cornish, MA AF Killgore, K. Jack Miranda, L. E. Murphy, Catherine E. Wolff, Douglas M. Hoover, Jan Jeffrey Keevin, Thomas M. Maynord, Steven T. Cornish, Mark A. TI Fish Entrainment Rates through Towboat Propellers in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAIN CHANNEL; NAVIGATION; ABUNDANCE; MORTALITY; SYSTEM; LIFE AB A specially designed net was used to study fish entrainment and injury through towboat propellers in 13 pools of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers. The net was attached to the stern of a 48.8-m-long towboat with twin propellers (in Kort propulsion nozzles), and sampling typically took place while the towboat pushed 15 loaded barges upstream at a time. In total, 254 entrainment samples over 894 km of the 13 study pools were collected. The sampling efforts produced 16,005 fish representing 15 families and at least 44 species; fish ranged in total length from 3 to 123 cm, but only 12.5-cm or longer fish were analyzed because smaller fish could escape through the mesh of the trawl. Clupeidae (68% of total catch) and Sciaenidae (21%) were the dominant families. We detected no effects of towboat operation variables (speed and engine [i.e., propeller] revolutions per minute [RPM]) on entrainment rate (i.e., fish/km), but entrainment rate showed a wedge-shaped distribution relative to hydraulic and geomorphic characteristics of the channel. Entrainment rate was low (< 1 fish/km) in wide sections of the river, deep water, and swift current (or time periods characterized by faster flow); however, entrainment in narrow sections with shallow, slow water was highly variable and occasionally reached high levels (> 30 fish/km). Although total entrainment rate was not related to engine RPM, the probability of being struck by a propeller increased with fish length and engine RPM. Limits on engine RPM in narrow, shallow, and sluggish reaches could reduce entrainment impact, particularly for large-bodied fish. C1 [Killgore, K. Jack; Hoover, Jan Jeffrey; Maynord, Steven T.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Murphy, Catherine E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wolff, Douglas M.] Elliott Bay Design Grp, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Keevin, Thomas M.] USA, Corps Engineers, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Cornish, Mark A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Rock Isl, IL 61299 USA. RP Killgore, KJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM jack.killgore@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District FX Steven George, Bradley Lewis, Bill Lancaster, and Jay Collins (Engineer Research and Development Center) assisted in all phases of the field study. Wendy Taylor (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pascagoula, Mississippi) designed and constructed the net with assistance from John Watson and Jack Forrester (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Steve Parrish (S&S Trawl Shop) provided valuable modifications to the net. Port Captain Raymond Hopkins (Archer Daniels Midland Corporation [ADM]) provided logistical assistance and was extremely helpful in scheduling the availability of the MV American Beauty. Captain Rennie Kienitz (ADM) provided invaluable support and expertise in setting up and conducting the study. Chief Engineer Donnie Collins (ADM) developed modifications to the trawling gantry that substantially improved trawling efficiency and safety. Other ADM personnel who provided important assistance on the MV American Beauty included Hank Magnus, Tom Jacobsen, Leroy Foley, Jacob Sowers, and Wes Tutor. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District funded this study. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Permission to publish this document was granted by the Chief of Engineers. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 570 EP 581 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.581977 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800005 ER PT J AU Chen, YJ Childs, MR Keeler-Foster, C AF Chen, Yongjiu Childs, Michael R. Keeler-Foster, Connie TI Evaluation of Woundfin Augmentation Efforts in the Virgin River by Estimation of Admixture Proportions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PLAGOPTERUS-ARGENTISSIMUS; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; INFERENCE; MARKERS; WILD; INTROGRESSION; CONSERVATION; SIMULATION AB The woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus is imperiled as a result of habitat destruction, water diversion, and the introduction of nonnative species. Augmentation of wild woundfin populations in the Utah portion of the Virgin River with fish from Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center (Dexter Hatchery) began in 2003. We used 10 microsatellite DNA loci to determine whether captive woundfins are contributing to recruitment in the Virgin River. Admixture analyses based on moment estimators, maximum likelihood, frequency, and Bayesian approaches indicated that the genetic contribution of Dexter Hatchery's woundfin augmentation stocking to 2005 recruitment in the Virgin River was 35-46% in the Washington Fields Diversion reach and 43-59% in the area of the Quail Creek Reservoir inflow. Salvaged wild parental stock was mixed with the captive broodstock at Dexter Hatchery in 2004 and had a genetic contribution of 26-49% to the offspring reared at Dexter Hatchery in 2005. Care must be taken to ensure the genetic integrity of stocked fish as the potential impact on the augmented population can be substantial. These results demonstrate that genetic markers used to infer gene flow (via admixture analysis) from the captive population to the wild population can be applied to determine the effectiveness of hatchery propagation programs and to monitor genetic similarity between wild and stocked fish. C1 [Chen, Yongjiu] Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Childs, Michael R.] US Forest Serv, Sedona, AZ 86351 USA. [Keeler-Foster, Connie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM yongjiu.chen@gmail.com FU Virgin River Resource Management and Recovery Program; Dexter Hatchery FX We are grateful to the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and the Virgin River Resource Management and Recovery Program (St. George, Utah) for providing woundfin samples from the Virgin River. We thank Dave Hampton, Krista Heideman, William Knight, and Karin Eldridge for their assistance in woundfin sampling at Dexter Hatchery (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service). Anthony Echelle, Alice Echelle, Manuel Ulibarri, Steve Meismer, Roger Hamman, and two anonymous reviewers provided critical and insightful comments on the manuscript. We thank Anthony Reisinger for his generous help with the digital map. This research was funded and supported by the Virgin River Resource Management and Recovery Program and Dexter Hatchery. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 598 EP 604 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.583539 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800008 ER PT J AU Teel, DJ Narum, SR Olsen, JB Utter, FM AF Teel, David J. Narum, Shawn R. Olsen, Jeffrey B. Utter, Fred M. TI Introduction to a Special Section: Genetic Adaptation of Natural Salmonid Populations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; JUVENILE MIGRATION C1 [Teel, David J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Olsen, Jeffrey B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Utter, Fred M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Teel, DJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.583537 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800014 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Engle, R AF Smith, Christian T. Engle, Rod TI Persistent Reproductive Isolation between Sympatric Lineages of Fall Chinook Salmon in White Salmon River, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COLUMBIA-RIVER; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PINK SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DATA; TSHAWYTSCHA; HYBRIDS AB Populations of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Columbia River are divided among two evolutionarily significant units: lower Columbia River fall Chinook salmon (or "tules") in the lower portion of the river and upriver "brights" (URBs) in the upper portion. The two lineages migrate together through portions of the lower Columbia River but spawn allopatrically. Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery has been releasing URBs adjacent to what was historically exclusively tule spawning habitat in the White Salmon River for approximately 22 years. Tules and URBs now spawn in sympatry in the adjacent White Salmon River, and potential introgression between these two lineages has been identified as a genetic risk of the hatchery program. To assess the extent of introgression, we analyzed 13 microsatellite loci in juveniles taken from the White Salmon River in three consecutive years. Assignment tests revealed that juveniles leaving the White Salmon River from March to early May resembled tules, while those leaving from late May to June resembled URBs. Model-based hybrid detection revealed that between 4.3% and 15.0% of the juveniles in each year were tule x URB hybrids. No hybrid adults were detected in any of the collections examined. The divergence between the tule and URB populations in the White Salmon River was comparable to that between allopatric populations representing the two lineages. Although hybrid juveniles are produced in the wild, we found no evidence that they survive to return as adults or successfully cross back into the parental populations. The separation between the two fall Chinook salmon lineages thus appears to be based on intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors. C1 [Smith, Christian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Engle, Rod] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM christian_smith@fws.gov FU USFWS FX The authors are grateful to Pat Connolly and Brady Allen (U. S. Geological Survey) for providing tissue collections from White Salmon River juvenile Chinook salmon. We also thank Shawn Narum (Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fisheries Commission) and Scott Blankenship (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) for providing unpublished genotype data for Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery and Priest Rapids Hatchery. Figure 1 was created by David Hines. Laboratory assistance was provided by Amanda Matala, Lindsay Godfrey, and Sherri Baker. Speros Doulos and Larry Marchant provided ideas and information regarding Chinook salmon at Little White Salmon and Spring Creek national fish hatcheries. This manuscript was benefited from comments by Denise Hawkins, Patricia Crandell, Andrew Matala, Douglas Olson, Timothy Roth, the associate editor at the Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, and four anonymous reviewers (one at the journal and three at the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS]). Funding was provided by the USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 699 EP 715 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584490 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800017 ER PT J AU McGlauflin, MT Schindler, DE Seeb, LW Smith, CT Habicht, C Seeb, JE AF McGlauflin, Molly T. Schindler, Daniel E. Seeb, Lisa W. Smith, Christian T. Habicht, Christopher Seeb, James E. TI Spawning Habitat and Geography Influence Population Structure and Juvenile Migration Timing of Sockeye Salmon in the Wood River Lakes, Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; BERING-SEA; SELECTION; EVOLUTION AB The strict homing of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka results in reproductively isolated populations that often spawn in close proximity and share rearing habitat. High spawning fidelity enables these populations to adapt to local conditions, resulting in a wide range of life history characteristics and genetic variation within individual watersheds. The Wood River system in southwestern Alaska provides a pristine, well-studied system in which to examine fine-scale population structure and its influences on juvenile life histories. Adult sockeye salmon spawn in lake beaches, rivers, and small tributaries throughout this watershed, and juveniles rear in five nursery lakes. We genotyped 30 spawning populations and 6,066 migrating smolts at 45 single nucleotide polymorphism loci, two of which are candidates for positive selection in the study system. We show that there is significant genetic structure (F-ST = 0.032) in the Wood River lakes and that divergence is generally related to spawning rather than nursery habitat (hierarchical analysis of molecular variance; P < 0.05). Four groups of populations were identified based on genetic structure and used to determine the composition of unknown mixtures of migrating smolts using a Bayesian modeling framework. We demonstrate that smolt migration timing is related to genetic structure; stream and river populations dominate catches in early June, while beach spawners and the populations in Lake Kulik are more prevalent from mid-June to early September. Age-2 smolts are primarily produced by the Lake Kulik and beach spawning populations, showing that genetic differences may reflect divergent freshwater and migration life history strategies. These results indicate that local adaptation to spawning habitat influences genetic divergence in the Wood River lakes, affecting both adult and juvenile life stages of sockeye salmon. C1 [McGlauflin, Molly T.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Seeb, Lisa W.; Seeb, James E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McGlauflin, Molly T.; Smith, Christian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Habicht, Christopher] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP McGlauflin, MT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM molly_mcglauflin@fws.gov FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This work would not have been possible without the help of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Gene Conservation Laboratory in Anchorage, which provided many of the genotypes for the baseline; the Alaska Salmon Program at the University of Washington; and the staff of the Aleknagik and Nerka field camps who helped collect the samples. Many thanks to the students and staff of the International Program for Salmon Ecological Genetics at the University of Washington for their assistance in and out of the laboratory; this project would not have been possible without their support. Funding for this project was provided by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 763 EP 782 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584495 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800021 ER PT J AU Gedan, KB Kirwan, ML Wolanski, E Barbier, EB Silliman, BR AF Gedan, Keryn B. Kirwan, Matthew L. Wolanski, Eric Barbier, Edward B. Silliman, Brian R. TI The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: answering recent challenges to the paradigm SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; MANGROVE FORESTS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; NATURAL DISASTERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EMERGENT VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SOUTHERN THAILAND; WOODY VEGETATION AB For more than a century, coastal wetlands have been recognized for their ability to stabilize shorelines and protect coastal communities. However, this paradigm has recently been called into question by small-scale experimental evidence. Here, we conduct a literature review and a small meta-analysis of wave attenuation data, and we find overwhelming evidence in support of established theory. Our review suggests that mangrove and salt marsh vegetation afford context-dependent protection from erosion, storm surge, and potentially small tsunami waves. In biophysical models, field tests, and natural experiments, the presence of wetlands reduces wave heights, property damage, and human deaths. Meta-analysis of wave attenuation by vegetated and unvegetated wetland sites highlights the critical role of vegetation in attenuating waves. Although we find coastal wetland vegetation to be an effective shoreline buffer, wetlands cannot protect shorelines in all locations or scenarios; indeed large-scale regional erosion, river meandering, and large tsunami waves and storm surges can overwhelm the attenuation effect of vegetation. However, due to a nonlinear relationship between wave attenuation and wetland size, even small wetlands afford substantial protection from waves. Combining man-made structures with wetlands in ways that mimic nature is likely to increase coastal protection. Oyster domes, for example, can be used in combination with natural wetlands to protect shorelines and restore critical fishery habitat. Finally, coastal wetland vegetation modifies shorelines in ways (e.g. peat accretion) that increase shoreline integrity over long timescales and thus provides a lasting coastal adaptation measure that can protect shorelines against accelerated sea level rise and more frequent storm inundation. We conclude that the shoreline protection paradigm still stands, but that gaps remain in our knowledge about the mechanistic and context-dependent aspects of shoreline protection. C1 [Gedan, Keryn B.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Wolanski, Eric] James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Wolanski, Eric] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Barbier, Edward B.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Silliman, Brian R.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gedan, KB (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM GedanK@si.edu RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011; Gedan, Keryn/A-3575-2010; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014 OI Gedan, Keryn/0000-0003-4020-5441; FU USGS FX We thank H. Leslie for funding to support this research and she and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. We also acknowledge funding from USGS Global Change Research Program. NR 124 TC 149 Z9 154 U1 41 U2 299 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2011 VL 106 IS 1 SI SI BP 7 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10584-010-0003-7 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 747CW UT WOS:000289298900002 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC Giersch, JJ Hauer, FR Pederson, GT Luikart, G Peterson, DP Downs, CC Fagre, DB AF Muhlfeld, Clint C. Giersch, J. Joseph Hauer, F. Richard Pederson, Gregory T. Luikart, Gordon Peterson, Douglas P. Downs, Christopher C. Fagre, Daniel B. TI Climate change links fate of glaciers and an endemic alpine invertebrate SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SHRINKING GLACIERS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CHANGE IMPACTS; STREAM; BIODIVERSITY; RESPONSES; GRADIENT; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS; PLANTS AB Climate warming in the mid- to high-latitudes and high-elevation mountainous regions is occurring more rapidly than anywhere else on Earth, causing extensive loss of glaciers and snowpack. However, little is known about the effects of climate change on alpine stream biota, especially invertebrates. Here, we show a strong linkage between regional climate change and the fundamental niche of a rare aquatic invertebrate-the meltwater stonefly Lednia tumana-endemic to Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Canada and USA. L. tumana has been petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to climate-change-induced glacier loss, yet little is known on specifically how climate impacts may threaten this rare species and many other enigmatic alpine aquatic species worldwide. During 14 years of research, we documented that L. tumana inhabits a narrow distribution, restricted to short sections (similar to 500 m) of cold, alpine streams directly below glaciers, permanent snowfields, and springs. Our simulation models suggest that climate change threatens the potential future distribution of these sensitive habitats and the persistence of L. tumana through the loss of glaciers and snowfields. Mountaintop aquatic invertebrates are ideal early warning indicators of climate warming in mountain ecosystems. Research on alpine invertebrates is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and ecosystem change. C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Giersch, J. Joseph; Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Hauer, F. Richard; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Downs, Christopher C.] Natl Pk Serv, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU USGS; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Department of Interior); National Park Service; National Science Foundation [DEB 1067129]; Walton Family Foundation FX We thank S. Hostetler, J. Stanford, P. Cross, J. Kershner, J. Potter, P. VanEimeren, and two anonymous reviewers for reviews of previous drafts. Funding was provided by the USGS Global Climate Change Program, Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Department of Interior), National Park Service, National Science Foundation (DEB 1067129), and the Walton Family Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2011 VL 106 IS 2 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0057-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PT UT WOS:000289561200012 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Murray, AB Donnelly, JP Corbett, DR AF Kirwan, Matthew L. Murray, A. Brad Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Corbett, D. Reide TI Rapid wetland expansion during European settlement and its implication for marsh survival under modern sediment delivery rates SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TIDAL MARSHES; UNITED-STATES; SEA; ESTUARY; IMPACT; MASSACHUSETTS; TERRESTRIAL; HISTORY AB Fluctuations in sea-level rise rates are thought to dominate the formation and evolution of coastal wetlands. Here we demonstrate a contrasting scenario in which land-use-related changes in sediment delivery rates drive the formation of expansive marshland, and vegetation feedbacks maintain their morphology despite recent sediment supply reduction. Stratigraphic analysis and radiocarbon dating in the Plum Island Estuary (Massachusetts, United States) suggest that salt marshes expanded rapidly during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries due to increased rates of sediment delivery following deforestation associated with European settlement. Numerical modeling coupled with the stratigraphic observations suggests that existing marshland could survive, but not form under the low suspended sediment concentrations observed in the estuary today. These results suggest that many of the expansive marshes that characterize the modern North American coast are metastable relicts of high nineteenth century sediment delivery rates, and that recent observations of degradation may represent a slow return to pre-settlement marsh extent. In contrast to ecosystem management practices in which restoring pre-anthropogenic conditions is seen as a way to increase ecosystem services, our results suggest that widespread efforts to restore valuable coastal wetlands actually prevent some systems from returning to a natural state. C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Murray, A. Brad] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Donnelly, Jeffrey P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Corbett, D. Reide] E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mkirwan@usgs.gov RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1617209]; U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program FX The National Science Foundation (grant EAR-1617209) and the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program supported this work. We thank Steve Eberbach, Jeff Kirwan, Jessica Kirwan, Ryan Littlewood, and Nick Magliocca for their assistance in the field and lab. NR 31 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 66 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2011 VL 39 IS 5 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1130/G31789.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 748TX UT WOS:000289416500029 ER PT J AU Buggisch, W Joachimski, MM Lehnert, O Bergstrom, SM Repetski, JE AF Buggisch, Werner Joachimski, Michael M. Lehnert, Oliver Bergstroem, Stig M. Repetski, John E. TI Did intense volcanism trigger the first Late Ordovician icehouse? REPLY SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Buggisch, Werner; Joachimski, Michael M.; Lehnert, Oliver] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Geozentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Bergstroem, Stig M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Repetski, John E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Buggisch, W (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Geozentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. EM buggisch@geol.uni-erlangen.de NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2011 VL 39 IS 5 BP E238 EP E238 DI 10.1130/G32139Y.1 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA 748TX UT WOS:000289416500002 ER PT J AU Obrebski, M Allen, RM Pollitz, F Hung, SH AF Obrebski, Mathias Allen, Richard M. Pollitz, Fred Hung, Shu-Huei TI Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the western United States from the joint inversion of body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase velocities SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Inverse theory; Body waves; Surface waves and free oscillations; Seismic tomography; Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle; North America ID TRANSPORTABLE ARRAY DATA; SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UPPER-MANTLE; COLORADO PLATEAU; NORTH-AMERICA; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; LARAMIDE OROGENY; FRECHET KERNELS; TOMOGRAPHY; SUBDUCTION AB P>The relation between the complex geological history of the western margin of the North American plate and the processes in the mantle is still not fully documented and understood. Several pre-USArray local seismic studies showed how the characteristics of key geological features such as the Colorado Plateau and the Yellowstone Snake River Plains are linked to their deep mantle structure. Recent body-wave models based on the deployment of the high density, large aperture USArray have provided far more details on the mantle structure while surface-wave tomography (ballistic waves and noise correlations) informs us on the shallow structure. Here we combine constraints from these two data sets to image and study the link between the geology of the western United States, the shallow structure of the Earth and the convective processes in mantle. Our multiphase DNA10-S model provides new constraints on the extent of the Archean lithosphere imaged as a large, deeply rooted fast body that encompasses the stable Great Plains and a large portion of the Northern and Central Rocky Mountains. Widespread slow anomalies are found in the lower crust and upper mantle, suggesting that low-density rocks isostatically sustain part of the high topography of the western United States. The Yellowstone anomaly is imaged as a large slow body rising from the lower mantle, intruding the overlying lithosphere and controlling locally the seismicity and the topography. The large E-W extent of the USArray used in this study allows imaging the 'slab graveyard', a sequence of Farallon fragments aligned with the currently subducting Juan de Fuca Slab, north of the Mendocino Triple Junction. The lithospheric root of the Colorado Plateau has apparently been weakened and partly removed through dripping. The distribution of the slower regions around the Colorado Plateau and other rigid blocks follows closely the trend of Cenozoic volcanic fields and ancient lithospheric sutures, suggesting that the later exert a control on the locus of magmato-tectonic activity today. The DNA velocity models are available for download and slicing at http://dna.berkeley.edu. C1 [Obrebski, Mathias; Allen, Richard M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pollitz, Fred] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 508, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hung, Shu-Huei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Obrebski, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM obrebski@berkeley.edu RI obrebski, mathias/M-4933-2013; OI HUNG, SHU-HUEI/0000-0002-2701-4635 FU National Science Foundation; UC-National Laboratory FX We thank USArray TA for data collection and the IRIS DMC for data distribution. We also thank the GJI editor S. Goes and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews. Most figures were generated using the Generic Mapping Tool (Wessel & Smith 1998). This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and a UC-National Laboratory Research program grant. NR 73 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 185 IS 2 BP 1003 EP 1021 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04990.x PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 749NP UT WOS:000289475400029 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE Schmitt, CJ Schumacher, JG Leiker, TJ AF Rostad, Colleen E. Schmitt, Christopher J. Schumacher, John G. Leiker, Thomas J. TI An Exploratory Investigation of Polar Organic Compounds in Waters from a Lead-Zinc Mine and Mill Complex SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Lead mine; Tailings; Organic compounds; Xanthates; Mass spectrometry ID SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; MINING AREAS; FULVIC-ACID; FISH; SULFOSUCCINATE; SPECTROMETRY; CADMIUM; STREAMS; BLOOD; USA AB Surface water samples were collected in 2006 from a lead mine-mill complex in Missouri to investigate possible organic compounds coming from the milling process. Water samples contained relatively high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; greater than 20 mg/l) for surface waters but were colorless, implying a lack of naturally occurring aquatic humic or fulvic acids. Samples were extracted by three different types of solid-phase extraction and analyzed by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Because large amounts of xanthate complexation reagents are used in the milling process, techniques were developed to extract and analyze for sodium isopropyl xanthate and sodium ethyl xanthate. Although these xanthate reagents were not found, trace amounts of the degradates, isopropyl xanthyl thiosulfonate and isopropyl xanthyl sulfonate, were found in most locations sampled, including the tailings pond downstream. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, a surfactant and process filtering aid, was found at concentrations estimated at 350 mu g/l at one mill outlet, but not downstream. Release of these organic compounds downstream from lead-zinc mine and milling areas has not previously been reported. A majority of the DOC remains unidentified. C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.; Leiker, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schmitt, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Schumacher, John G.] US Geol Survey, MO Water Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95,Box 25046,MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov FU USGS, Mark Twain National Forest of Missouri, USA FX We acknowledge the staff from the USGS Missouri Water Science Center who collected water samples and David Alvarez, USGS, Columbia, Missouri, who prepared the POCIS and SPMD units for deployment and converted the POCIS and SPMD units to extracts. Use of trade names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. This study was part of a congressionally funded USGS investigation of the effects of mining in the Mark Twain National Forest of Missouri, USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 217 IS 1-4 BP 431 EP 443 DI 10.1007/s11270-010-0598-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 750PR UT WOS:000289561000036 ER PT J AU Siemion, J Burns, DA Murdoch, PS Germain, RH AF Siemion, Jason Burns, Douglas A. Murdoch, Peter S. Germain, Rene H. TI The relation of harvesting intensity to changes in soil, soil water, and stream chemistry in a northern hardwood forest, Catskill Mountains, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Stream water quality; Nitrate; Aluminum; Calcium; Partial harvest ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; NEW-YORK; CLEAR-CUT; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SUGAR MAPLE; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; CALCIUM AB Previous studies have shown that clearcutting of northern hardwood forests mobilizes base cations, inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al-im), and nitrate (NO3--N) from soils to surface waters, but the effects of partial harvests on NO3--N have been less frequently studied. In this study we describe the effects of a series of partial harvests of varying proportions of basal area removal (22%, 28% and 68%) on Al-im calcium (Ca2+), and NO3--N concentrations in soil extracts, soil water, and surface water in the Catskill Mountains of New York, USA. Increases in NO3--N concentrations relative to pre-harvest values were observed within a few months after harvest in soils, soil water, and stream water for all three harvests. Increases in Al-im and Ca2+ concentrations were also evident in soil water and stream water over the same time period for all three harvests. The increases in Al-im, Ca2+, and NO3--N concentrations in the 68% harvest were statistically significant as measured by comparing the 18-month pre-harvest period with the 18-month post-harvest period, with fewer significant responses in the two harvests of lowest intensity. All three solutes returned to pre-harvest concentrations in soil water and stream water in the two lowest intensity harvests in 2-3 years compared to a full 3 years in the 68% harvest. When the results of this study were combined with those of a previous nearby clearcut and 40% harvest, the post-harvest increases in NO3--N concentrations in stream water and soil water suggest a harvesting level above which the relation between concentration and harvest intensity changes; there was a greater change in concentration per unit change in harvest intensity when basal area removal was greater than 40%. These results indicate that the deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems previously demonstrated for intensive harvests in northern hardwood forests of northeastern North America that receive high levels of atmospheric N deposition can be greatly diminished as harvesting intensity decreases below 40-68%. These results await confirmation through additional incremental forest harvest studies at other locations throughout the world that receive high levels of atmospheric N deposition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Siemion, Jason; Burns, Douglas A.; Murdoch, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12183 USA. [Germain, Rene H.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Siemion, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12183 USA. EM jsiemion@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 FU New York City Department of Environmental Protection; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank Michael R. McHale of the U.S. Geological Survey, John Campbell of the U.S. Forest Service, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The authors also thank the field and laboratory staff at the U.S. Geological Survey's New York Water Science Center for field assistance and chemical analyses. Funding for this project was provided by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Geological Survey. The cooperation of the Frost Valley YMCA, the landowner of the study sites, is also greatly appreciated. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 9 BP 1510 EP 1519 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.036 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 745AN UT WOS:000289136400005 ER PT J AU Abell, JA de la Llera, JC Wicks, CW AF Abell, Jose A. Carlos de la Llera, Juan Wicks, Charles W. TI Enhancement of long period components of recorded and synthetic ground motions using InSAR SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FINITE-FAULT MODEL; 1999 HECTOR MINE; 14 NOVEMBER 2007; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; TOCOPILLA EARTHQUAKE; RESPONSE SPECTRA; SUBDUCTION ZONE; COSEISMIC SLIP; NORTH-AMERICA; DISPLACEMENTS AB Tall buildings and flexible structures require a better characterization of long period ground motion spectra than the one provided by current seismic building codes. Motivated by that, a methodology is proposed and tested to improve recorded and synthetic ground motions which are consistent with the observed co-seismic displacement field obtained from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis of image data for the Tocopilla 2007 earthquake (M(w)=7.7) in Northern Chile. A methodology is proposed to correct the observed motions such that, after double integration, they are coherent with the local value of the residual displacement. Synthetic records are generated by using a stochastic finite-fault model coupled with a long period pulse to capture the long period fling effect. It is observed that the proposed co-seismic correction yields records with more accurate long-period spectral components as compared with regular correction schemes such as acausal filtering. These signals provide an estimate for the velocity and displacement spectra, which are essential for tall-building design. Furthermore, hints are provided as to the shape of long-period spectra for seismic zones prone to large co-seismic displacements such as the Nazca-South American zone. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abell, Jose A.] Univ Los Andes, Las Condes, Chile. [Abell, Jose A.; Carlos de la Llera, Juan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Wicks, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Abell, JA (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Las Condes, Chile. EM jaabell@miuandes.cl; jcllera@ing.puc.cl FU CONICYT/PBCT Proyecto Anillo de Investigacion en Ciencia y Tecnologia (Chile); Fondecyt [1085282]; ESA [5266] FX This work was supported by CONICYT/PBCT Proyecto Anillo de Investigacion en Ciencia y Tecnologia ADI#30/2006 (Chile), the authors wish to acknowledge the commission. This research was also partially funded by Fondecyt project 1085282. The authors are very grateful of the support of Dr. Matthew Pritchard, who provided us with the inversion results and insight for the Antofagasta (1995) earthquake; of Dr. Gail Atkinson and Dr. Dariush Motazedian, authors of the stochastic simulation software EXSIM used herein; and Dr. Sergio Ruiz who provided us with the Tocopilla records and the instrument information to correct them. Raw SAR scenes from ESA Category-1 contract No 5266 and the WINSAR consortium. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-7261 J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5-6 BP 817 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.01.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 745SD UT WOS:000289185300008 ER PT J AU Rumbold, DG Evans, DW Niemczyk, S Fink, LE Laine, KA Howard, N Krabbenhoft, DP Zucker, M AF Rumbold, Darren G. Evans, David W. Niemczyk, Sharon Fink, Larry E. Laine, Krysten A. Howard, Nicole Krabbenhoft, David P. Zucker, Mark TI Source Identification of Florida Bay's Methylmercury Problem: Mainland Runoff Versus Atmospheric Deposition and In situ Production SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Florida Bay; Everglades; Methylmercury; Surface water; Sediment ID MERCURY METHYLATION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; COASTAL SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPECIATION; FISH; BIOAVAILABILITY; EVERGLADES AB The first advisory to limit consumption of Florida Bay fish due to mercury was issued in 1995. Studies done by others in the late 1990s found elevated water column concentrations of both total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in creeks discharging from the Everglades, which had its own recognized mercury problem. To investigate the significance of allochthonous MeHg discharging from the upstream freshwater Everglades, we collected surface water and sediment along two transects from 2000 to 2002. Concentrations of THg and MeHg, ranging from 0.36 ng THg/L to 5.98 ng THg/L and from < 0.02 ng MeHg/L to 1.79 ng MeHg/L, were elevated in the mangrove transition zone when compared both to upstream canals and the open waters of Florida Bay. Sediment concentrations ranged from 5.8 ng THg/g to 145.6 ng THg/g and from 0.05 ng MeHg/g to 5.4 ng MeHg/g, with MeHg as a percentage of THg occasionally elevated in the open bay. Methylation assays indicated that sediments from Florida Bay have the potential to methylate Hg. Assessment of mass loading suggests that canals delivering stormwater from the northern Everglades are not as large a source as direct atmospheric deposition and in situ methylation, especially within the mangrove transition zone. C1 [Rumbold, Darren G.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Rumbold, Darren G.; Niemczyk, Sharon; Fink, Larry E.; Howard, Nicole] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Evans, David W.] NOAA, Beaufort, NC USA. [Niemczyk, Sharon] Abaco Grp LLC, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Laine, Krysten A.] E Bay Municipal Util Dist, Oakland, CA USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Zucker, Mark] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Rumbold, DG (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, 10501 FGCU Blvd S, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. EM drumbold@fgcu.edu FU NOAA; South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling program (SFERPM) FX The authors would like to thank Angela Drummond and Mark Kromer (SFWMD) for their help in field sampling. We thank Carl Mitchell and David Rudnick for their comments on an early draft of the manuscript and two anonymous reviewers for a later daft. We would like to acknowledge also the hard work of chemists at FDEP, FGS, and CEBAM, especially Lian Lang. We gratefully acknowledge the use of ENP facilities on Key Largo that were used in support of fieldwork. Finally, funding was provided through NOAA's Coastal Oceans Program and administered by the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling program (SFERPM). Other funding was provided by the SFWMD and the NMFS's Southeast Fisheries Science Center. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 494 EP 513 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9290-5 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741YC UT WOS:000288902400005 ER PT J AU Cherkiss, MS Romanach, SS Mazzotti, FJ AF Cherkiss, Michael S. Romanach, Stephanie S. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI The American Crocodile in Biscayne Bay, Florida SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Crocodylus acutus; Ecosystem restoration; Management; Biscayne Bay; Salinity; Threatened species ID CROCODYLUS-ACUTUS; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; BIOLOGY AB Intensive crocodile monitoring programs conducted during the late 1970s and early 1980s in southern Florida resulted in an optimistic outlook for recovery of the protected species population. However, some areas with suitable crocodile habitat were not investigated, such as Biscayne Bay and the mainland shorelines of Barnes and Card Sounds. The objective of our study was to determine status and habitat use of crocodiles in the aforementioned areas. Spotlight and nesting surveys were conducted from September 1996 to December 2005. The results revealed annual increases in the number of crocodiles. Crocodiles preferred protected habitats such as canals and ponds. Fewer crocodiles were observed in higher salinity water. The distribution and abundance of crocodilians in estuaries is directly dependent on timing, amount, and location of freshwater delivery, providing an opportunity to integrate habitat enhancement with ongoing ecosystem restoration and management activities. C1 [Cherkiss, Michael S.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Cherkiss, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM mcherkis@ufl.edu OI Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825 FU U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science); National Park Service; FWS; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; South Florida Water Management District; Miami Dade Natural Areas Management; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Florida State Parks; Deering Bay Golf Course; Florida Power and Light Company FX We thank the many field biologists who worked with us over the years, often under harsh field conditions, to collect these data. We thank the U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science), National Park Service, FWS, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, FWC, South Florida Water Management District, Miami Dade Natural Areas Management, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida State Parks, Deering Bay Golf Course and Florida Power and Light Company for their support of this project and for providing access to data and study sites. We are especially grateful to R. Curry, D. Jennings, S. Klett, P. Moler, L. Hord, J. Maguire, R. Skinner, R. Whethy, J. Wasilewski, and R. Wilcox from those agencies for their commitment to research and monitoring of crocodiles in Florida. K. Hines, M. Brien, A. Litt, R. Harvey, and K. Rice helped with preparation of this manuscript. All permits and approval for research on this endangered species were obtained from permitting agencies and are available for inspection upon request to the senior author. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government or the authors. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9378-6 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741YC UT WOS:000288902400007 ER PT J AU Wagner, RW Stacey, M Brown, LR Dettinger, M AF Wagner, R. Wayne Stacey, Mark Brown, Larry R. Dettinger, Michael TI Statistical Models of Temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Under Climate-Change Scenarios and Ecological Implications SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Temperature model; Delta smelt ID CALIFORNIA ESTUARY; WATER TEMPERATURES; AIR TEMPERATURES; UNITED-STATES; STREAM; RIVER; SIMULATION; HYDROLOGY; SURVIVAL; FISHES AB Changes in water temperatures caused by climate change in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta will affect the ecosystem through physiological rates of fishes and invertebrates. This study presents statistical models that can be used to forecast water temperature within the Delta as a response to atmospheric conditions. The daily average model performed well (R (2) values greater than 0.93 during verification periods) for all stations within the Delta and San Francisco Bay provided there was at least 1 year of calibration data. To provide long-term projections of Delta water temperature, we forced the model with downscaled data from climate scenarios. Based on these projections, the ecological implications for the delta smelt, a key species, were assessed based on temperature thresholds. The model forecasts increases in the number of days above temperatures causing high mortality (especially along the Sacramento River) and a shift in thermal conditions for spawning to earlier in the year. C1 [Wagner, R. Wayne; Stacey, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wagner, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 OBrien Hall,Mail Code 1712, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wagnerw@berkeley.edu; mstacey@berkeley.edu; lrbrown@usgs.gov; mddettin@usgs.gov OI Wagner, Wayne/0000-0002-3978-2025 FU Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE) FX This work was funded by the Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE) project. CASCaDE is supported by a grant from the CALFED Science Program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CALFED Science Program. This is contribution #19 from the CASCaDE project. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 544 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741YC UT WOS:000288902400009 ER PT J AU Riggins, SG Anderson, RS Anderson, SP Tye, AM AF Riggins, Susan G. Anderson, Robert S. Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud Tye, Andrew M. TI Solving a conundrum of a steady-state hilltop with variable soil depths and production rates, Bodmin Moor, UK SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil production; Steady state; Hillslope; Block release; Cosmogenic radionuclides; Physical erosion ID PROCESS-BASED MODEL; HILLSLOPE EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SOUTHWEST ENGLAND; EROSION RATES; BE-10; SURFACES; AL-26; EQUILIBRIUM; DENUDATION AB The common wisdom is that steady-state hilltops should display convex shape with both uniform soil thickness and uniform rates of lowering of the soil-bedrock interface. A 120 m hilltop transect on Bodmin Moor, southwest UK, displays a parabolic hilltop form, which implies it is in geomorphic steady state, yet the measured depths to bedrock range almost 6-fold from 14 to 80 cm, and the soil production rates derived from Be-10 concentrations in rock at the soil interface range by 2-fold from 10 to 20 m/My. We address this conundrum by developing a theory to explain the scatter in soil depths that would result from block-by-block lowering of the soil-bedrock boundary, and support our theory with a simple model involving block release and diffusive transport. We show that over long timescales a hilltop can indeed be in geomorphic steady state while at any point in time exhibiting a broad range of depths to bedrock. Variable depth to bedrock results in variable Be-10 concentrations in the rock sampled at the base of regolith, which yields calculated soil production rates that vary about the long-term average. Hence, scatter in plots of soil production as a function of soil depth are to be expected in many landscapes, and if the landscape is in geomorphic steady state, this scatter reflects the stochastic nature of the block release mechanism by which the bedrock interface is lowering. We find in our models that the commonly observed humped and exponentially declining soil production functions are only preserved during the transient approach toward geomorphic steady state. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Riggins, Susan G.; Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riggins, Susan G.; Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tye, Andrew M.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. RP Riggins, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Susan.Riggins@colorado.edu RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014 OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0519060, EAR-0725019, NSF-0724960] FX We thank the Duchy of Cornwall for access to the Bodmin Moor field site and the British Geological Survey for providing financial and logistical field support. M. Duhnforth and M. Berlin provided guidance on CRN preparation and methodology. This work was partially funded through National Science Foundation (NSF) Award EAR-0519060 and an international student scholarship provided in a supplement to NSF EAR-0725019. Support through the National Science Foundation grant to establish the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory (NSF-0724960) is also acknowledged. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.023 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 742XN UT WOS:000288978700006 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Fontaine, JJ Pope, KL Garmestani, AS AF Allen, Craig R. Fontaine, Joseph J. Pope, Kevin L. Garmestani, Ahjond S. TI Adaptive management for a turbulent future SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Natural resources; Structured decision making; Uncertainty ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; COMANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION AB The challenges that face humanity today differ from the past because as the scale of human influence has increased, our biggest challenges have become global in nature, and formerly local problems that could be addressed by shifting populations or switching resources, now aggregate (i.e., "scale up") limiting potential management options. Adaptive management is an approach to natural resource management that emphasizes learning through management based on the philosophy that knowledge is incomplete and much of what we think we know is actually wrong. Adaptive management has explicit structure, including careful elucidation of goals, identification of alternative management objectives and hypotheses of causation, and procedures for the collection of data followed by evaluation and reiteration. It is evident that adaptive management has matured, but it has also reached a crossroads. Practitioners and scientists have developed adaptive management and structured decision making techniques, and mathematicians have developed methods to reduce the uncertainties encountered in resource management, yet there continues to be misapplication of the method and misunderstanding of its purpose. Ironically, the confusion over the term "adaptive management" may stem from the flexibility inherent in the approach, which has resulted in multiple interpretations of "adaptive management" that fall along a continuum of complexity and a priori design. Adaptive management is not a panacea for the navigation of 'wicked problems' as it does not produce easy answers, and is only appropriate in a subset of natural resource management problems where both uncertainty and controllability are high. Nonetheless, the conceptual underpinnings of adaptive management are simple; there will always be inherent uncertainty and unpredictability in the dynamics and behavior of complex social-ecological systems, but management decisions must still be made, and whenever possible, we should incorporate learning into management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Allen, Craig R.; Fontaine, Joseph J.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Research Units; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Research Units program for funding this special issue on adaptive management. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscripts presented in this special issue of the Journal of Environmental Management underwent double-blind reviews; we thank the reviewers for their efforts, which greatly enhanced this final product. Finally, no thanks are far too many for Ralph Yorque. NR 58 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 82 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1339 EP 1345 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400001 PM 21168260 ER PT J AU Williams, BK AF Williams, Byron K. TI Adaptive management of natural resources-framework and issues SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Decision making; Learning; Modeling; Monitoring; Natural resources; Uncertainty ID UNCERTAINTY; CONSERVATION; FOREST; OPTIMIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERIENCE; WILDLIFE; OPTIONS; PLAN AB Adaptive management, an approach for simultaneously managing and learning about natural resources, has been around for several decades. Interest in adaptive decision making has grown steadily over that time, and by now many in natural resources conservation claim that adaptive management is the approach they use in meeting their resource management responsibilities. Yet there remains considerable ambiguity about what adaptive management actually is, and how it is to be implemented by practitioners. The objective of this paper is to present a framework and conditions for adaptive decision making, and discuss some important challenges in its application. Adaptive management is described as a two-phase process of deliberative and iterative phases, which are implemented sequentially over the timeframe of an application. Key elements, processes, and issues in adaptive decision making are highlighted in terms of this framework. Special emphasis is given to the question of geographic scale, the difficulties presented by non-stationarity, and organizational challenges in implementing adaptive management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 127 Z9 134 U1 7 U2 60 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1346 EP 1353 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.041 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400002 PM 21075505 ER PT J AU Rehme, SE Powell, LA Allen, CR AF Rehme, Sarah E. Powell, Larkin A. Allen, Craig R. TI Multimodel inference and adaptive management SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive inference; Adaptive management; Hypothesis testing; Multimodel inference; Uncertainty ID ECOLOGY; MODEL; EVOLUTION; BIOLOGY AB Ecology is an inherently complex science coping with correlated variables, nonlinear interactions and multiple scales of pattern and process, making it difficult for experiments to result in clear, strong inference. Natural resource managers, policy makers, and stakeholders rely on science to provide timely and accurate management recommendations. However, the time necessary to untangle the complexities of interactions within ecosystems is often far greater than the time available to make management decisions. One method of coping with this problem is multimodel inference. Multimodel inference assesses uncertainty by calculating likelihoods among multiple competing hypotheses, but multimodel inference results are often equivocal. Despite this, there may be pressure for ecologists to provide management recommendations regardless of the strength of their study's inference. We reviewed papers in the Journal of Wildlife Management (JWM) and the journal Conservation Biology (CB) to quantify the prevalence of multimodel inference approaches, the resulting inference (weak versus strong), and how authors dealt with the uncertainty. Thirty-eight percent and 14%, respectively, of articles in the JWM and CB used multimodel inference approaches. Strong inference was rarely observed, with only 7% of JWM and 20% of CB articles resulting in strong inference. We found the majority of weak inference papers in both journals (59%) gave specific management recommendations. Model selection uncertainty was ignored in most recommendations for management. We suggest that adaptive management is an ideal method to resolve uncertainty when research results in weak inference. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rehme, Sarah E.; Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Rehme, SE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM ser@huskers.unl.edu; lpowell3@unlnotes.unl.edu; callen3@unlnotes.unl.edu RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010 FU United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska - Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; University of Nebraska Agriculture Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska FX We would like to thank J. Fontaine and J. McFadden for providing comments throughout the development of this manuscript. We would also like to thank A. Tyre for providing statistical advice. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from L Wolfenbarger and two anonymous reviewers. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska - Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was supported by Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agriculture Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1360 EP 1364 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.012 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400004 PM 20961682 ER PT J AU Williams, BK AF Williams, Byron K. TI Passive and active adaptive management: Approaches and an example SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Decision making; Natural resources; Active vs. passive adaptive management; Impoundment drawdown; Modeling AB Adaptive management is a framework for resource conservation that promotes iterative learning-based decision making. Yet there remains considerable confusion about what adaptive management entails, and how to actually make resource decisions adaptively. A key but somewhat ambiguous distinction in adaptive management is between active and passive forms of adaptive decision making. The objective of this paper is to illustrate some approaches to active and passive adaptive management with a simple example involving the drawdown of water impoundments on a wildlife refuge. The approaches are illustrated for the drawdown example, and contrasted in terms of objectives, costs, and potential learning rates. Some key challenges to the actual practice of AM are discussed, and tradeoffs between implementation costs and long-term benefits are highlighted. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1371 EP 1378 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.039 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400006 PM 21074930 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Gunderson, LH AF Allen, Craig R. Gunderson, Lance H. TI Pathology and failure in the design and implementation of adaptive management SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Inference; Management; Resilience; Resource management; Risk; Uncertainty ID TRANSLOCATION AB The conceptual underpinnings for adaptive management are simple; there will always be inherent uncertainty and unpredictability in the dynamics and behavior of complex ecological systems as a result non-linear interactions among components and emergence, yet management decisions must still be made. The strength of adaptive management is in the recognition and confrontation of such uncertainty. Rather than ignore uncertainty, or use it to preclude management actions, adaptive management can foster resilience and flexibility to cope with an uncertain future, and develop safe to fail management approaches that acknowledge inevitable changes and surprises. Since its initial introduction, adaptive management has been hailed as a solution to endless trial and error approaches to complex natural resource management challenges. However, its implementation has failed more often than not. It does not produce easy answers, and it is appropriate in only a subset of natural resource management problems. Clearly adaptive management has great potential when applied appropriately. Just as clearly adaptive management has seemingly failed to live up to its high expectations. Why? We outline nine pathologies and challenges that can lead to failure in adaptive management programs. We focus on general sources of failures in adaptive management, so that others can avoid these pitfalls in the future. Adaptive management can be a powerful and beneficial tool when applied correctly to appropriate management problems; the challenge is to keep the concept of adaptive management from being hijacked for inappropriate use. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gunderson, Lance H.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu FU United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or U.S. government. NR 24 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1379 EP 1384 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.063 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400007 PM 21112687 ER PT J AU Johnson, FA AF Johnson, Fred A. TI Learning and adaptation in the management of waterfowl harvests SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Dynamic programming; Harvest; Learning; Mallards; Models; Populations; Optimization; Waterfowl ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; EXPLOITATION; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES; COMPLEXITY AB A formal framework for the adaptive management of waterfowl harvests was adopted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1995. The process admits competing models of waterfowl population dynamics and harvest impacts, and relies on model averaging to compute optimal strategies for regulating harvest. Model weights, reflecting the relative ability of the alternative models to predict changes in population size, are used in the model averaging and are updated each year based on a comparison of model predictions and observations of population size. Since its inception the adaptive harvest program has focused principally on mallards (Anus platyrhynchos), which constitute a large portion of the U.S. waterfowl harvest. Four competing models, derived from a combination of two survival and two reproductive hypotheses, were originally assigned equal weights. In the last year of available information (2007), model weights favored the weakly density-dependent reproductive hypothesis over the strongly density-dependent one, and the additive mortality hypothesis over the compensatory one. The change in model weights led to a more conservative harvesting policy than what was in effect in the early years of the program. Adaptive harvest management has been successful in many ways, but nonetheless has exposed the difficulties in defining management objectives, in predicting and regulating harvests, and in coping with the tradeoffs inherent in managing multiple waterfowl stocks exposed to a common harvest. The key challenge now facing managers is whether adaptive harvest management as an institution can be sufficiently adaptive, and whether the knowledge and experience gained from the process can be reflected in higher-level policy decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, POB 110485, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fjohnson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Geological Survey FX I'd like to thank colleagues Drs. S. Boomer, J. Dubovsky, W. Kendall, J. Nichols, C. Moore, A. Royle, M. Runge, and K. Williams with the U.S. Department of the Interior for their technical assistance with the development and implementation of the AHM program. Financial support for this research was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Geological Survey. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1385 EP 1394 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.064 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400008 PM 21168259 ER PT J AU Moore, CT Lonsdorf, EV Knutson, MG Laskowski, HP Lor, SK AF Moore, Clinton T. Lonsdorf, Eric V. Knutson, Melinda G. Laskowski, Harold P. Lor, Socheata K. TI Adaptive management in the US National Wildlife Refuge System: Science-management partnerships for conservation delivery SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Decision making; National Wildlife Refuge System; Uncertainty ID DECISION-MAKING; UNCERTAINTY; WATERFOWL; RECOVERY; FOREST AB Adaptive management is an approach to recurrent decision making in which uncertainty about the decision is reduced over time through comparison of outcomes predicted by competing models against observed values of those outcomes. The National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is a large land management program charged with making natural resource management decisions, which often are made under considerable uncertainty, severe operational constraints, and conditions that limit ability to precisely carry out actions as intended. The NWRS presents outstanding opportunities for the application of adaptive management, but also difficult challenges. We describe two cooperative programs between the Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey to implement adaptive management at scales ranging from small, single refuge applications to large, multi-refuge, multi-region projects. Our experience to date suggests three important attributes common to successful implementation: a vigorous multi-partner collaboration, practical and informative decision framework components, and a sustained commitment to the process. Administrators in both agencies should consider these attributes when developing programs to promote the use and acceptance of adaptive management in the NWRS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lonsdorf, Eric V.] Urban Wildlife Inst, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Knutson, Melinda G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Laskowski, Harold P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Milton, DE 19968 USA. [Lor, Socheata K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mt Prairie Reg Off, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. RP Moore, CT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cmoore@warnell.uga.edu; ericlonsdorf@lpzoo.org; Melinda_Knutson@fws.gov; Harold_Laskowski@fws.gov; Socheata_Lor@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Lincoln Park Zoo FX We thank Craig R. Allen, Kevin Pope, and Joseph Fontaine for organizing the symposium at the 70th Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, inviting us to present this work, and supporting travel to the conference. We thank Service employees Sara Vacek, Lori Stevenson, Nancy Pau, Kate O'Brien, Laura Mitchell, Sara Williams, Eric Nelson, Rachel Laubhan, Bridgette Flanders-Wanner, Todd Grant, Kim Bousquet, and Vanessa Fields for their coordination of projects listed in the Appendix. Dan James provided background material for the Refuge Cooperative Research Program. We thank Jill Gannon, Brad Griffith, Terry Shaffer, Rick Schultz, Larkin Powell, and an anonymous reviewer who provided manuscript reviews and valuable insight for its improvement. This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and the Lincoln Park Zoo. The findings and conclusions in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Lincoln Park Zoo. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1395 EP 1402 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.065 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400009 PM 21109341 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Pope, KL AF Martin, Dustin R. Pope, Kevin L. TI Luring anglers to enhance fisheries SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Angler participation; Managing anglers; Regional-fishery management ID RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; SPORT FISHERIES; NORTH-AMERICA; MANAGEMENT; HARVEST AB Current fisheries management is, unfortunately, reactive rather than proactive to changes in fishery characteristics. Furthermore, anglers do not act independently on waterbodies, and thus, fisheries are complex socio-ecological systems. Proactive management of these complex systems necessitates an approach adaptive fisheries management that allows learning to occur simultaneously with management. A promising area for implementation of adaptive fisheries management is the study of luring anglers to or from specific waterbodies to meet management goals. Purposeful manipulation of anglers, and its associated field of study, is nonexistent in past management. Evaluation of different management practices (i.e., hypotheses) through an iterative adaptive management process should include both a biological and sociological survey to address changes in fish populations and changes in angler satisfaction related to changes in management. We believe adaptive management is ideal for development and assessment of management strategies targeted at angler participation. Moreover these concepts and understandings should be applicable to other natural resource users such as hunters and hikers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Dustin R.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 013 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dustin.martin@huskers.unl.edu; kpope2@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Martin, Dusitn/B-1655-2013 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Don Gabelhouse, Jr., Jeff Jackson and Brenda Pracheil for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Many of the ideas presented here originated while working on Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-182-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 SI SI BP 1409 EP 1413 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.002 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745PZ UT WOS:000289179400011 PM 20965644 ER PT J AU Gold, RD Cowgill, E Arrowsmith, JR Chen, XH Sharp, WD Cooper, KM Wang, XF AF Gold, Ryan D. Cowgill, Eric Arrowsmith, J. Ramon Chen, Xuanhua Sharp, Warren D. Cooper, Kari M. Wang, Xiao-Feng TI Faulted terrace risers place new constraints on the late Quaternary slip rate for the central Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; CONTINENTAL DEFORMATION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; KARAKORAM FAULT; PLATE BOUNDARY; NORTHERN TIBET; KUNLUN FAULT; NW CHINA; EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEM AB The active, left-lateral Altyn Tagh fault defines the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in western China. To clarify late Quaternary temporal and spatial variations in slip rate along the central portion of this fault system (85 degrees-90 degrees E), we have more than doubled the number of dated offset markers along the central Altyn Tagh fault. In particular, we determined offset-age relations for seven left-laterally faulted terrace risers at three sites (Kelutelage, Yukuang, and Keke Qiapu) spanning a 140-km-long fault reach by integrating surficial geologic mapping, topographic surveys (total station and tripod-light detection and ranging [T-LiDAR]), and geochronology (radiocarbon dating of organic samples, Th-230/U dating of pedogenic carbonate coatings on buried clasts, and terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclide exposure age dating applied to quartz-rich gravels). At Kelutelage, which is the westernmost site (37.72 degrees N, 86.67 degrees E), two faulted terrace risers are offset 58 +/- 3 m and 48 +/- 4 m, and formed at 6.2-6.1 ka and 5.9-3.7 ka, respectively. At the Yukuang site (38.00 degrees N, 87.87 degrees E), four faulted terrace risers are offset 92 +/- 12 m, 68 +/- 6 m, 55 +/- 13 m, and 59 +/- 9 m and formed at 24.2-9.5 ka, 6.4-5.0 ka, 5.1-3.9 ka, and 24.2-6.4 ka, respectively. At the easternmost site, Keke Qiapu (38.08 degrees N, 88.12 degrees E), a faulted terrace riser is offset 33 +/- 6 m and has an age of 17.1-2.2 ka. The displacement-age relationships derived from these markers can be satisfied by an approximately uniform slip rate of 812 mm/yr. However, additional analysis is required to test how much temporal variability in slip rate is permitted by this data set. C1 [Gold, Ryan D.; Cowgill, Eric; Cooper, Kari M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Arrowsmith, J. Ramon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chen, Xuanhua; Wang, Xiao-Feng] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Sharp, Warren D.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Gold, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rdgold@ucdavis.edu RI Cooper, Kari/G-8261-2012; Gold, Ryan/I-3287-2012 OI Gold, Ryan/0000-0002-4464-6394 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) from NSF Office of International and Engineering [EAR-0610107, EAR-0610040]; University of California, Davis; Geological Society of America; German Academic Exchange Service FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EAR-0610107 and EAR-0610040 from the Tectonics Program and the East Asia and Pacific Program in the NSF Office of International and Engineering, along with funding from the University of California, Davis, the Geological Society of America, and the German Academic Exchange Service. The manuscript benefited from constructive reviews by David Anastasio and Rebecca Dorsey as well as from thoughtful discussions with Anke Friedrich and Anne Reuther. We are grateful to Peter Gold, Greg Chavdarian, Megan Muretta, Christina Davis, Tang Wei, Gong Hongliang, and Jiang Rong Bao, all of whom helped with fieldwork and logistics. Zhao Yue provided invaluable assistance gaining access to the field sites in the People's Republic of China. John Southon and Guaciara dos Santos provided support with 14C sample preparations and AMS measurement. John Gosse and Guang Yang provided support with the TCN sample preparation and measurement. NR 73 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 123 IS 5-6 BP 958 EP 978 DI 10.1130/B30207.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 740KN UT WOS:000288792500011 ER PT J AU Bar Massada, A Syphard, AD Hawbaker, TJ Stewart, SI Radeloff, VC AF Bar Massada, Avi Syphard, Alexandra D. Hawbaker, Todd J. Stewart, Susan I. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Effects of ignition location models on the burn patterns of simulated wildfires SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Burn probability; Ignition; FARSITE ID LANDSCAPE FUEL TREATMENTS; FIRE-SUCCESSION MODELS; CROSS-SCALE ANALYSIS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT AB Fire simulation studies that use models such as FARSITE often assume that ignition locations are distributed randomly, because spatially explicit information about actual ignition locations are difficult to obtain. However, many studies show that the spatial distribution of ignition locations, whether human-caused or natural, is non-random. Thus, predictions from fire simulations based on random ignitions may be unrealistic. However, the extent to Which the assumption of ignition location affects the predictions of fire simulation models has never been systematically explored. Our goal was to assess the difference in fire simulations that are based on random versus non-random ignition location patterns. We conducted four sets of 6000 FARSITE simulations for the Santa Monica Mountains in California to quantify the influence of random and non-random ignition locations and normal and extreme weather conditions on fire size distributions and spatial patterns of burn probability. Under extreme weather conditions, fires were significantly larger for non-random ignitions compared to random ignitions (mean area of 344.5 ha and 230.1 ha, respectively), but burn probability maps were highly correlated (r = 0.83). Under normal weather, random ignitions produced significantly larger fires than non-random ignitions (17.5 ha and 13.3 ha, respectively), and the spatial correlations between burn probability maps were not high (r = 0.54), though the difference in the average burn probability was small. The results of the study suggest that the location of ignitions used in fire simulation models may substantially influence the spatial predictions of fire spread patterns. However, the spatial bias introduced by using a random ignition location model may be minimized if the fire simulations are conducted under extreme weather conditions when fire spread is greatest. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bar Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Bar Massada, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barmassada@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. Comments by four anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 583 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.11.016 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 722MT UT WOS:000287437100004 ER PT J AU Isaacson, PJ Pieters, CM Besse, S Clark, RN Head, JW Klima, RL Mustard, JF Petro, NE Staid, MI Sunshine, JM Taylor, LA Thaisen, KG Tompkins, S AF Isaacson, Peter J. Pieters, Carle M. Besse, Sebastien Clark, Roger N. Head, James W. Klima, Rachel L. Mustard, John F. Petro, Noah E. Staid, Matthew I. Sunshine, Jessica M. Taylor, Lawrence A. Thaisen, Kevin G. Tompkins, Stefanie TI Remote compositional analysis of lunar olivine-rich lithologies with Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID CLEMENTINE NIR DATA; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRATER COPERNICUS; MARE BASALTS; SPACE; IRON; SIMULATION; ARISTARCHUS; ASTEROIDS AB A systematic approach for deconvolving remotely sensed lunar olivine-rich visible to near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra with the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) is evaluated with Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) spectra. Whereas earlier studies of laboratory reflectance spectra focused only on complications due to chromite inclusions in lunar olivines, we develop a systematic approach for addressing (through continuum removal) the prominent continuum slopes common to remotely sensed reflectance spectra of planetary surfaces. We have validated our continuum removal on a suite of laboratory reflectance spectra. Suites of olivine-dominated reflectance spectra from a small crater near Mare Moscoviense, the Copernicus central peak, Aristarchus, and the crater Marius in the Marius Hills were analyzed. Spectral diversity was detected in visual evaluation of the spectra and was quantified using the MGM. The MGM-derived band positions are used to estimate the olivine's composition in a relative sense. Spectra of olivines from Moscoviense exhibit diversity in their absorption features, and this diversity suggests some variation in olivine Fe/Mg content. Olivines from Copernicus are observed to be spectrally homogeneous and thus are predicted to be more compositionally homogeneous than those at Moscoviense but are of broadly similar composition to the Moscoviense olivines. Olivines from Aristarchus and Marius exhibit clear spectral differences from those at Moscoviense and Copernicus but also exhibit features that suggest contributions from other phases. If the various precautions discussed here are weighed carefully, the methods presented here can be used to make general predictions of absolute olivine composition (Fe/Mg content). C1 [Isaacson, Peter J.; Pieters, Carle M.; Head, James W.; Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Besse, Sebastien; Sunshine, Jessica M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Klima, Rachel L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20732 USA. [Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Staid, Matthew I.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Taylor, Lawrence A.; Thaisen, Kevin G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tompkins, Stefanie] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Isaacson, PJ (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Peter_Isaacson@Brown.edu RI Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012; Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013; OI Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 FU NASA [NNM05AB26C]; NASA LSI at Brown University [NNA09DB34A] FX The efforts of the entire M3 engineering, operations, and science teams are gratefully acknowledged. M3 science validation is supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of opportunity. The M3 team is grateful to ISRO for the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1. Partial funding for this analysis has also been provided through the NASA LSI at Brown University under contract NNA09DB34A. Careful reviews by Brett Denevi and an anonymous reviewer have improved this manuscript substantially. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 26 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00G11 DI 10.1029/2010JE003731 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 757TA UT WOS:000290109400002 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, BT Plant, NG Thieler, ER AF Gutierrez, Benjamin T. Plant, Nathaniel G. Thieler, E. Robert TI A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGICAL-BEHAVIOR MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BELIEF NETWORKS; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; BARRIER ISLANDS; NEW-YORK; IMPACTS; EVOLUTION; ATLANTIC; EROSION AB Sea level rise during the 21st century will have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, human development, and infrastructure in coastal areas. The broad range of complex factors influencing coastal systems contributes to large uncertainties in predicting long-term sea level rise impacts. Here we explore and demonstrate the capabilities of a Bayesian network (BN) to predict long-term shoreline change associated with sea level rise and make quantitative assessments of prediction uncertainty. A BN is used to define relationships between driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal response for the U. S. Atlantic coast that include observations of local rates of relative sea level rise, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline change rate. The BN is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline retreat in response to different future sea level rise rates. Results demonstrate that the probability of shoreline retreat increases with higher rates of sea level rise. Where more specific information is included, the probability of shoreline change increases in a number of cases, indicating more confident predictions. A hindcast evaluation of the BN indicates that the network correctly predicts 71% of the cases. Evaluation of the results using Brier skill and log likelihood ratio scores indicates that the network provides shoreline change predictions that are better than the prior probability. Shoreline change outcomes indicating stability (-1 < rate < 1 m/yr) or erosion (rate < -1 m/yr) tend to occur for two sets of input scenarios. Stable shoreline change rates occur mainly for low rates of relative sea level rise and occur in low-vulnerability geomorphic settings. Rates indicating erosion result for cases where the rate of relative sea level rise is high and moderate-to-high vulnerability geomorphic settings occur. In contrast, accretion (rate > 1 m/yr) was not well predicted. We find that BNs can assimilate important factors contributing to coastal change in response to sea level rise and can make quantitative, probabilistic predictions that can be applied to coastal management decisions. C1 [Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Gutierrez, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bgutierrez@usgs.gov OI Gutierrez, Benjamin/0000-0002-1879-7893; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology; Global Change Research programs FX Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology and Global Change Research programs. We thank Chris Sherwood of the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center and Tom Smith of the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center for reviews of an early version of the paper. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for providing valuable suggestions and critiques of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 110 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR F02009 DI 10.1029/2010JF001891 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 754KH UT WOS:000289853000003 ER PT J AU van der Wegen, M Jaffe, BE Roelvink, JA AF van der Wegen, M. Jaffe, B. E. Roelvink, J. A. TI Process-based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in San Pablo Bay, California, 1856-1887 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION; LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; FRANCISCO BAY; RESIDUAL TRANSPORT; INITIAL FORMATION; TIDAL EMBAYMENTS; CHANNELS; MODEL; VALIDATION; PROFILES AB This study investigates the possibility of hindcasting-observed decadal-scale morphologic change in San Pablo Bay, a subembayment of the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA, by means of a 3-D numerical model (Delft3D). The hindcast period, 1856-1887, is characterized by upstream hydraulic mining that resulted in a high sediment input to the estuary. The model includes wind waves, salt water and fresh water interactions, and graded sediment transport, among others. Simplified initial conditions and hydrodynamic forcing were necessary because detailed historic descriptions were lacking. Model results show significant skill. The river discharge and sediment concentration have a strong positive influence on deposition volumes. Waves decrease deposition rates and have, together with tidal movement, the greatest effect on sediment distribution within San Pablo Bay. The applied process-based (or reductionist) modeling approach is valuable once reasonable values for model parameters and hydrodynamic forcing are obtained. Sensitivity analysis reveals the dominant forcing of the system and suggests that the model planform plays a dominant role in the morphodynamic development. A detailed physical explanation of the model outcomes is difficult because of the high nonlinearity of the processes. Process formulation refinement, a more detailed description of the forcing, or further model parameter variations may lead to an enhanced model performance, albeit to a limited extent. The approach potentially provides a sound basis for prediction of future developments. Parallel use of highly schematized box models and a process-based approach as described in the present work is probably the most valuable method to assess decadal morphodynamic development. C1 [van der Wegen, M.; Roelvink, J. A.] UNESCO IHE, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Jaffe, B. E.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Roelvink, J. A.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Roelvink, J. A.] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. RP van der Wegen, M (reprint author), UNESCO IHE, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. EM m.vanderwegen@unesco-ihe.org; bjaffe@usgs.gov; d.roelvink@unesco-ihe.org RI roelvink, jan adriaan/C-6940-2009; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; van der Wegen, Mick/C-6787-2009 OI roelvink, jan adriaan/0000-0002-5367-0003; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; van der Wegen, Mick/0000-0002-5227-2679 FU U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies; CALFED; UNESCO-IHE FX The research is part of the U. S. Geological Survey CASCaDE climate change project (CASCaDE contribution 17). The authors acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies, CALFED, and the UNESCO-IHE research fund for making this research financially possible. The comments of C. T. Friedrichs and four other anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated and improved this manuscript. We acknowledge Giles Lesser (formerly Deltares and seconded to USGS), Edwin Elias (Deltares and seconded to USGS), and Van Lan Anh (UNESCO-IHE student) for the development and calibration of the model described in the auxiliary material. NR 75 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR F02008 DI 10.1029/2009JF001614 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 754KH UT WOS:000289853000001 ER PT J AU Pieters, CM Besse, S Boardman, J Buratti, B Cheek, L Clark, RN Combe, JP Dhingra, D Goswami, JN Green, RO Head, JW Isaacson, P Klima, R Kramer, G Lundeen, S Malaret, E McCord, T Mustard, J Nettles, J Petro, N Runyon, C Staid, M Sunshine, J Taylor, LA Thaisen, K Tompkins, S Whitten, J AF Pieters, C. M. Besse, S. Boardman, J. Buratti, B. Cheek, L. Clark, R. N. Combe, J. P. Dhingra, D. Goswami, J. N. Green, R. O. Head, J. W. Isaacson, P. Klima, R. Kramer, G. Lundeen, S. Malaret, E. McCord, T. Mustard, J. Nettles, J. Petro, N. Runyon, C. Staid, M. Sunshine, J. Taylor, L. A. Thaisen, K. Tompkins, S. Whitten, J. TI Mg-spinel lithology: A new rock type on the lunar farside SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SELENE; IMPACT; CAMERA; FIELD; MOON; GEOTHERMOMETRY; PETROGENESIS; INSTRUMENT; PYROXENES AB High-resolution compositional data from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) for the Moscoviense region on the lunar farside reveal three unusual, but distinctive, rock types along the inner basin ring. These are designated "OOS" since they are dominated by high concentrations of orthopyroxene, olivine, and Mg-rich spinel, respectively. The OOS occur as small areas, each a few kilometers in size, that are widely separated within the highly feldspathic setting of the basin rim. Although the abundance of plagioclase is not well constrained within the OOS, the mafic mineral content is exceptionally high, and two of the rock types could approach pyroxenite and harzburgite in composition. The third is a new rock type identified on the Moon that is dominated by Mg-rich spinel with no other mafic minerals detectable (<5% pyroxene, olivine). All OOS surfaces are old and undisturbed since basin formation. They are effectively invisible in image data and are only recognized by their distinctive composition identified spectroscopically. The origin of these unusual lithologies appears to be linked to one or more magmatic intrusions into the lower crust, perhaps near the crust-mantle interface. Processes such as fractional crystallization and gravity settling within such intrusions may provide a mechanism for concentrating the mafic components within zones several kilometers in dimension. The OOS are embedded within highly anorthositic material from the lunar crust; they may thus be near contemporaneous with crustal products from the cooling magma ocean. C1 [Pieters, C. M.; Cheek, L.; Dhingra, D.; Head, J. W.; Isaacson, P.; Mustard, J.; Nettles, J.; Whitten, J.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Besse, S.; Sunshine, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boardman, J.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Buratti, B.; Green, R. O.; Lundeen, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Combe, J. P.; Kramer, G.; McCord, T.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Goswami, J. N.] NAVRANGPURA THALTEJ, ISRO, Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Klima, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20732 USA. [Malaret, E.] Appl Coherent Technol Corp, Herndon, VA 22070 USA. [Petro, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Runyon, C.] Coll Charleston, Dept Geol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Staid, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Taylor, L. A.; Thaisen, K.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tompkins, S.] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Pieters, CM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM carle_pieters@Brown.edu RI Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012; Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013; OI Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 FU NASA [NNM05AB26C] FX M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of opportunity. These science results and science validation is supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. The M3 team is honored to have had the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1, and we are grateful to all the ISRO team that enabled M3 data to be returned. We gratefully acknowledge the valuable input to this project by the Chandrayaan-1 Terrain Mapping Camera team led by K. Kumar and by the public release of SELENE Terrain Camera data and LRO Narrow Angle Camera data. We appreciate the helpful review comments by Brad Jolliff. NR 51 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00G08 DI 10.1029/2010JE003727 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754JX UT WOS:000289852000003 ER PT J AU Ruff, SW Farmer, JD Calvin, WM Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR Morris, RV Rice, MS Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Christensen, PR Squyres, SW AF Ruff, Steven W. Farmer, Jack D. Calvin, Wendy M. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Johnson, Jeffrey R. Morris, Richard V. Rice, Melissa S. Arvidson, Raymond E. Bell, James F., III Christensen, Philip R. Squyres, Steven W. TI Characteristics, distribution, origin, and significance of opaline silica observed by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; THERMAL EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NEW-ZEALAND; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; PARTICULATE SURFACES; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; SPRING DEPOSITS; LOW-TEMPERATURE AB The presence of outcrops and soil (regolith) rich in opaline silica (similar to 65-92 wt % SiO2) in association with volcanic materials adjacent to the "Home Plate" feature in Gusev crater is evidence for hydrothermal conditions. The Spirit rover has supplied a diverse set of observations that are used here to better understand the formation of silica and the activity, abundance, and fate of water in the first hydrothermal system to be explored in situ on Mars. We apply spectral, chemical, morphological, textural, and stratigraphic observations to assess whether the silica was produced by acid sulfate leaching of precursor rocks, by precipitation from silica-rich solutions, or by some combination. The apparent lack of S enrichment and the relatively low oxidation state of the Home Plate silica-rich materials appear inconsistent with the originally proposed Hawaiian analog for fumarolic acid sulfate leaching. The stratiform distribution of the silica-rich outcrops and their porous and brecciated microtextures are consistent with sinter produced by silica precipitation. There is no evidence for crystalline quartz phases among the silica occurrences, an indication of the lack of diagenetic maturation following the production of the amorphous opaline phase. C1 [Ruff, Steven W.; Farmer, Jack D.; Christensen, Philip R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Calvin, Wendy M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Morris, Richard V.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rice, Melissa S.; Bell, James F., III; Squyres, Steven W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arvidson, Raymond E.] Washington Univ, Dept Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Ruff, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Moeur Bldg,Rm 131,Box 876305, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM steve.ruff@asu.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 FU NASA FX This work was funded in part by NASA grants from the Mars Data Analysis and Mars Fundamental Research programs. We thank Patrick Browne and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough and thoughtful reviews of a very lengthy manuscript. Their suggestions have improved the final paper. NR 88 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00F23 DI 10.1029/2010JE003767 PG 48 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754JX UT WOS:000289852000005 ER PT J AU Whitten, J Head, JW Staid, M Pieters, CM Mustard, J Clark, R Nettles, J Klima, RL Taylor, L AF Whitten, Jennifer Head, James W. Staid, Matthew Pieters, Carle M. Mustard, John Clark, Roger Nettles, Jeff Klima, Rachel L. Taylor, Larry TI Lunar mare deposits associated with the Orientale impact basin: New insights into mineralogy, history, mode of emplacement, and relation to Orientale Basin evolution from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) data from Chandrayaan-1 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-POLE-AITKEN; STATE IMAGING DATA; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; ERUPTION CONDITIONS; LATERAL TRANSPORT; FLOOD BASALTS; CRATER COUNTS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; LAVA FLOW AB Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) image and spectral reflectance data are combined to analyze mare basalt units in and adjacent to the Orientale multiring impact basin. Models are assessed for the relationships between basin formation and mare basalt emplacement. Mare basalt emplacement on the western nearside limb began prior to the Orientale event as evidenced by the presence of cryptomaria. The earliest post-Orientale-event mare basalt emplacement occurred in the center of the basin (Mare Orientale) and postdated the formation of the Orientale Basin by about 60-100 Ma. Over the next several hundred million years, basalt patches were emplaced first along the base of the Outer Rook ring (Lacus Veris) and then along the base of the Cordillera ring (Lacus Autumni), with some overlap in ages. The latest basalt patches are as young as some of the youngest basalt deposits on the lunar nearside. M-3 data show several previously undetected mare patches on the southwestern margins of the basin interior. Regardless, the previously documented increase in mare abundance from the southwest toward the northeast is still prominent. We attribute this to crustal and lithospheric trends moving from the farside to the nearside, with correspondingly shallower density and thermal barriers to basaltic magma ascent and eruption toward the nearside. The wide range of model ages for Orientale mare deposits (3.70-1.66 Ga) mirrors the range of nearside mare ages, indicating that the small amount of mare fill in Orientale is not due to early cessation of mare emplacement but rather to limited volumes of extrusion for each phase during the entire period of nearside mare basalt volcanism. This suggests that nearside and farside source regions may be similar but that other factors, such as thermal and crustal thickness barriers to magma ascent and eruption, may be determining the abundance of surface deposits on the limbs and farside. The sequence, timing, and elevation of mare basalt deposits suggest that regional basin-related stresses exerted control on their distribution. Our analysis clearly shows that Orientale serves as an excellent example of the early stages of the filling of impact basins with mare basalt. C1 [Whitten, Jennifer; Head, James W.; Pieters, Carle M.; Mustard, John; Nettles, Jeff; Klima, Rachel L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Staid, Matthew] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Taylor, Larry] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Whitten, J (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Jennifer_whitten@brown.edu FU NASA [NNM05AB26C] FX M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of opportunity. Both the science results and the science validation are supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. Thanks are extended to members of the M3 team for assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. Additionally, the M3 team is grateful to ISRO for the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1 and is grateful to all on the ISRO team that enabled M3 data to be returned. We gratefully acknowledge the valuable input to this project by the public release of LRO Laser Altimeter data. NR 153 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00G09 DI 10.1029/2010JE003736 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754JX UT WOS:000289852000004 ER PT J AU McNamara, DE Ringler, AT Hutt, CR Gee, LS AF McNamara, D. E. Ringler, A. T. Hutt, C. R. Gee, L. S. TI Seismically observed seiching in the Panama Canal SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MICROSEISMS; OCEAN; RESERVOIRS; TSUNAMI; LAKES AB A large portion of the seismic noise spectrum is dominated by water wave energy coupled into the solid Earth. Distinct mechanisms of water wave induced ground motions are distinguished by their spectral content. For example, cultural noise is generally < 1 s period, microseisms dominate the seismic spectrum from periods of 2 to 20 s, and the Earth's "hum" is in the range of 50 to 600 s. We show that in a large lake in the Panama Canal there is an additional source of long-period noise generated by standing water waves, seiches, induced by disturbances such as passing ships and wind pressure. We compare seismic waveforms to water level records and relate these observations to changes in local tilt and gravity due to an oscillating seiche. The methods and observations discussed in this paper provide a first step toward quantifying the impact of water inundation as recorded by seismometers. This type of quantified understanding of water inundation will help in future estimates of similar phenomena such as the seismic observations of tsunami impact. C1 [McNamara, D. E.; Ringler, A. T.; Hutt, C. R.; Gee, L. S.] USGS, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), USGS, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO USA. EM mcnamara@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B04312 DI 10.1029/2010JB007930 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754KC UT WOS:000289852500003 ER PT J AU Shi, F Hanes, DM Kirby, JT Erikson, L Barnard, P Eshleman, J AF Shi, F. Hanes, D. M. Kirby, J. T. Erikson, L. Barnard, P. Eshleman, J. TI Pressure-gradient-driven nearshore circulation on a beach influenced by a large inlet-tidal shoal system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LONGSHORE CURRENTS; RIP CURRENTS; MODEL; WAVES; TRANSPORT AB The nearshore circulation induced by a focused pattern of surface gravity waves is studied at a beach adjacent to a major inlet with a large ebb tidal shoal. Using a coupled wave and wave-averaged nearshore circulation model, it is found that the nearshore circulation is significantly affected by the heterogeneous wave patterns caused by wave refraction over the ebb tidal shoal. The model is used to predict waves and currents during field experiments conducted near the mouth of San Francisco Bay and nearby Ocean Beach. The field measurements indicate strong spatial variations in current magnitude and direction and in wave height and direction along Ocean Beach and across the ebb tidal shoal. Numerical simulations suggest that wave refraction over the ebb tidal shoal causes wave focusing toward a narrow region at Ocean Beach. Due to the resulting spatial variation in nearshore wave height, wave-induced setup exhibits a strong alongshore nonuniformity, resulting in a dramatic change in the pressure field compared to a simulation with only tidal forcing. The analysis of momentum balances inside the surf zone shows that, under wave conditions with intensive wave focusing, the alongshore pressure gradient associated with alongshore nonuniform wave setup can be a dominant force driving circulation, inducing heterogeneous alongshore currents. Pressure-gradient-forced alongshore currents can exhibit flow reversals and flow convergence or divergence, in contrast to the uniform alongshore currents typically caused by tides or homogeneous waves. C1 [Shi, F.; Kirby, J. T.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hanes, D. M.; Erikson, L.; Barnard, P.; Eshleman, J.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Shi, F (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM fyshi@udel.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanographic Partnership Program [N00014-06-1-0945] FX This study was supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal Evolution: Process-based Multi-Scale Modeling Project and the National Oceanographic Partnership Program, Project N00014-06-1-0945. Comments from anonymous reviewers were helpful for improving the manuscript. The authors would like to express their appreciation to Jeff Hansen and Alex Apotsos for constructive suggestions during the USGS internal review process. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C04020 DI 10.1029/2010JC006788 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 754JV UT WOS:000289851800003 ER PT J AU McCarthy, C Cooper, RF Goldsby, DL Durham, WB Kirby, SH AF McCarthy, Christine Cooper, Reid F. Goldsby, David L. Durham, William B. Kirby, Stephen H. TI Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION; POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; SOLDER JOINTS; EUROPAS SURFACE; DEFORMATION; LITHOSPHERE; STRENGTH; STRESS; WATER AB Using uniaxial compression creep experiments, we characterized the transient and steady state deformation behaviors of eutectic aggregates of system ice I and MgSO4 center dot 11H(2)O (MS11; meridianiite), which has significance because of its likely presence on moons of the outer solar system. Synthetic samples of eutectic liquid bulk composition, which produce eutectic colonies containing 0.35-0.50 volume fraction MS11, were tested as functions of colony size and lamellar spacing, temperature (230-250 K), and confining pressure (0.1 and 50 MPa) to strains <= 0.2. Up to a differential stress of 6 MPa, the ice I-MS11 aggregates display an order of magnitude higher effective viscosity and higher stress sensitivity than do aggregates of pure polycrystalline ice at the same conditions. The creep data and associated microstructural observations demonstrate, however, that the aggregates are additionally more brittle than pure ice, approaching rate-independent plasticity that includes rupture of the hydrate phase at 6-8 MPa, depending on the scale of the microstructure. Microstructures of deformed samples reveal forms of semibrittle flow in which the hydrate phase fractures while the ice phase deforms plastically. Semibrittle flow in the icy shell of a planetary body would truncate the lithospheric strength envelope and thereby decrease the depth to the brittle-ductile transition by 55% and reduce the failure limit for compressional surface features from 10 to similar to 6 MPa. A constitutive equation that includes eutectic colony boundary sliding and intracolony flow is used to describe the steady state rheology of the eutectic aggregates. C1 [McCarthy, Christine; Cooper, Reid F.; Goldsby, David L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Durham, William B.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kirby, Stephen H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McCarthy, C (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. EM mccarthy@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp; reid_cooper@brown.edu; david_goldsby@brown.edu; wbdurham@mit.edu; skirby@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNX06AD67G] FX This research is financially supported, in part, by a grant from the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program at NASA (grant NNX06AD67G); that support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E04007 DI 10.1029/2010JE003689 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754JU UT WOS:000289851700001 ER PT J AU Isaksen, ISA Gauss, M Myhre, G Anthony, KMW Ruppel, C AF Isaksen, Ivar S. A. Gauss, Michael Myhre, Gunnar Anthony, Katey M. Walter Ruppel, Carolyn TI Strong atmospheric chemistry feedback to climate warming from Arctic methane emissions SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID PERMAFROST; CARBON; GAS; HYDRATE; OZONE; CYCLE; LAKES; DISSOCIATION; TROPOSPHERE; PALEOCENE AB The magnitude and feedbacks of future methane release from the Arctic region are unknown. Despite limited documentation of potential future releases associated with thawing permafrost and degassing methane hydrates, the large potential for future methane releases calls for improved understanding of the interaction of a changing climate with processes in the Arctic and chemical feedbacks in the atmosphere. Here we apply a "state of the art" atmospheric chemistry transport model to show that large emissions of CH4 would likely have an unexpectedly large impact on the chemical composition of the atmosphere and on radiative forcing (RF). The indirect contribution to RF of additional methane emission is particularly important. It is shown that if global methane emissions were to increase by factors of 2.5 and 5.2 above current emissions, the indirect contributions to RF would be about 250% and 400%, respectively, of the RF that can be attributed to directly emitted methane alone. Assuming several hypothetical scenarios of CH4 release associated with permafrost thaw, shallow marine hydrate degassing, and submarine landslides, we find a strong positive feedback on RF through atmospheric chemistry. In particular, the impact of CH4 is enhanced through increase of its lifetime, and of atmospheric abundances of ozone, stratospheric water vapor, and CO2 as a result of atmospheric chemical processes. Despite uncertainties in emission scenarios, our results provide a better understanding of the feedbacks in the atmospheric chemistry that would amplify climate warming. C1 [Isaksen, Ivar S. A.; Gauss, Michael; Myhre, Gunnar] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Isaksen, Ivar S. A.; Myhre, Gunnar] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Gauss, Michael] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, N-0313 Oslo, Norway. [Anthony, Katey M. Walter] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Inst No Engn & Int Arctic Res, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ruppel, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Isaksen, ISA (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. EM i.s.a.isaksen@geo.uio.no RI Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; OI Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 NR 59 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 25 AR GB2002 DI 10.1029/2010GB003845 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 754JP UT WOS:000289851200001 ER PT J AU Hoeke, R Storlazzi, C Ridd, P AF Hoeke, Ron Storlazzi, Curt Ridd, Peter TI Hydrodynamics of a bathymetrically complex fringing coral reef embayment: Wave climate, in situ observations, and wave prediction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; HANALEI BAY; COASTAL REGIONS; SEA-LEVEL; MODELS; CIRCULATION; SEDIMENT; DRIVEN; LAGOON; KAUAI AB This paper examines the relationship between offshore wave climate and nearshore waves and currents at Hanalei Bay, Hawaii, an exposed bay fringed with coral reefs. Analysis of both offshore in situ data and numerical hindcasts identify the predominance of two wave conditions: a mode associated with local trade winds and an episodic pattern associated with distant source long-period swells. Analysis of 10 months of in situ data within the bay show that current velocities are up to an order of magnitude greater during long-period swell episodes than during trade wind conditions; overall circulation patterns are also fundamentally different. The current velocities are highly correlated with incident wave heights during the swell episodes, while they are not during the modal trade wind conditions. A phase-averaged wave model was implemented with the dual purpose of evaluating application to bathymetrically complex fringing reefs and to examine the propagation of waves into the nearshore in an effort to better explain the large difference in observed circulation during the two offshore wave conditions. The prediction quality of this model was poorer for the episodic condition than for the lower-energy mode, however, it illustrated how longer-period swells are preferentially refracted into the bay and make available far more nearshore wave energy to drive currents compared to waves during modal conditions. The highly episodic circulation, the nature of which is dependent on complex refraction patterns of episodic, long-period swell has implications for flushing and sediment dynamics for incised fringing reef-lined bays that characterize many high islands at low latitudes around the world. C1 [Hoeke, Ron] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Hoeke, Ron; Ridd, Peter] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Storlazzi, Curt] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hoeke, Ron] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Hoeke, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM hoeke@hawaii.edu RI Hoeke, Ron/F-4085-2014; Ridd, Peter/M-5871-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; OI Hoeke, Ron/0000-0003-0576-9436; Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 FU U.S. Geological Survey; NOAA; Australia Institute of Marine Science AIMS at JCU FX Many thanks to Kathy Presto (USGS) for help with both field work and analyzing/interpreting much of the in situ data and to Josh Logan (USGS) and Molly Timmers (NOAA/UH) for assisting in field work. Russell Price (NOAA) kindly assisted with optimizing SWAN source code and assisting the computation effort; thanks go to John Rooney (NOAA/UH) and Jonathon Weiss (NOAA/UH) for collecting multibeam bathymetry to supplement existing lidar and multibeam and aggregating the data. Many thanks also to Matt Rosener (Hanalei Watershed Hui) and Carl Berg (formerly Hanalei Watershed Hui) for field support and local knowledge. Thanks to Kevin Wong (NOAA) for support and discussions on content. The constructive comments of Edwin Elias (USGS) on early versions of this manuscript and guidance on numerical modeling issues are greatly appreciated. Mike Field (USGS), Li Erikson (USGS), Rusty Brainard (NOAA), and Peter Vroom (NOAA/UH) all provided reviews and constructive comments on this manuscript. Amanda Toperoff (NOAA/UH) provided excellent assistance in the preparation of figures. This work was jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey's Coral Reef Project, NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Australia Institute of Marine Science AIMS at JCU program. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C04018 DI 10.1029/2010JC006170 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 754JQ UT WOS:000289851300001 ER PT J AU Tsai, VC AF Tsai, Victor C. TI A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; TIME-SERIES; STRESS; MEDIA; STRAIN; PROPAGATION; GROUNDWATER; EARTHQUAKE; VELOCITIES; ROCK AB It is known that GPS time series contain a seasonal variation that is not due to tectonic motions, and it has recently been shown that crustal seismic velocities may also vary seasonally. In order to explain these changes, a number of hypotheses have been given, among which thermoelastic and hydrology-induced stresses and strains are leading candidates. Unfortunately, though, since a general framework does not exist for understanding such seasonal variations, it is currently not possible to quickly evaluate the plausibility of these hypotheses. To fill this gap in the literature, I generalize a two-dimensional thermoelastic strain model to provide an analytic solution for the displacements and wave speed changes due to either thermoelastic stresses or hydrologic loading, which consists of poroelastic stresses and purely elastic stresses. The thermoelastic model assumes a periodic surface temperature, and the hydrologic models similarly assume a periodic near-surface water load. Since all three models are two-dimensional and periodic, they are expected to only approximate any realistic scenario; but the models nonetheless provide a quantitative framework for estimating the effects of thermoelastic and hydrologic variations. Quantitative comparison between the models and observations is further complicated by the large uncertainty in some of the relevant parameters. Despite this uncertainty, though, I find that maximum realistic thermoelastic effects are unlikely to explain a large fraction of the observed annual variation in a typical GPS displacement time series or of the observed annual variations in seismic wave speeds in southern California. Hydrologic loading, on the other hand, may be able to explain a larger fraction of both the annual variations in displacements and seismic wave speeds. Neither model is likely to explain all of the seismic wave speed variations inferred from observations. However, more definitive conclusions cannot be made until the model parameters are better constrained. C1 US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Tsai, VC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM vtsai@post.harvard.edu RI Tsai, Victor/J-8405-2012 OI Tsai, Victor/0000-0003-1809-6672 FU United States Geological Survey FX The author thanks P. A. Johnson and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This research was supported by the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program of the United States Geological Survey. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 19 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B04404 DI 10.1029/2010JB008156 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 754KA UT WOS:000289852300003 ER PT J AU Woodhams, DC Bosch, J Briggs, CJ Cashins, S Davis, LR Lauer, A Muths, E Puschendorf, R Schmidt, BR Sheafor, B Voyles, J AF Woodhams, Douglas C. Bosch, Jaime Briggs, Cheryl J. Cashins, Scott Davis, Leyla R. Lauer, Antje Muths, Erin Puschendorf, Robert Schmidt, Benedikt R. Sheafor, Brandon Voyles, Jamie TI Mitigating amphibian disease: strategies to maintain wild populations and control chytridiomycosis SO FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PATHOGEN BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; SKIN PEPTIDE DEFENSES; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; CHYTRID FUNGUS; CUTANEOUS BACTERIA; ECOLOGICAL ETHICS; MIDWIFE TOAD; RANA-MUSCOSA AB Background: Rescuing amphibian diversity is an achievable conservation challenge. Disease mitigation is one essential component of population management. Here we assess existing disease mitigation strategies, some in early experimental stages, which focus on the globally emerging chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We discuss the precedent for each strategy in systems ranging from agriculture to human medicine, and the outlook for each strategy in terms of research needs and long-term potential. Results: We find that the effects of exposure to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis occur on a spectrum from transient commensal to lethal pathogen. Management priorities are divided between (1) halting pathogen spread and developing survival assurance colonies, and (2) prophylactic or remedial disease treatment. Epidemiological models of chytridiomycosis suggest that mitigation strategies can control disease without eliminating the pathogen. Ecological ethics guide wildlife disease research, but several ethical questions remain for managing disease in the field. Conclusions: Because sustainable conservation of amphibians in nature is dependent on long-term population persistence and co-evolution with potentially lethal pathogens, we suggest that disease mitigation not focus exclusively on the elimination or containment of the pathogen, or on the captive breeding of amphibian hosts. Rather, successful disease mitigation must be context specific with epidemiologically informed strategies to manage already infected populations by decreasing pathogenicity and host susceptibility. We propose population level treatments based on three steps: first, identify mechanisms of disease suppression; second, parameterize epizootiological models of disease and population dynamics for testing under semi-natural conditions; and third, begin a process of adaptive management in field trials with natural populations. C1 [Woodhams, Douglas C.; Davis, Leyla R.; Schmidt, Benedikt R.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Woodhams, Douglas C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, DPO, AA 34002 USA. [Bosch, Jaime] CSIC, Dept Biol Evolut & Biodiversidad, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Briggs, Cheryl J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Cashins, Scott; Puschendorf, Robert] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Cashins, Scott] James Cook Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Amphibian Dis Ecol Grp, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Lauer, Antje] Calif State Coll Bakersfield, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schmidt, Benedikt R.] KARCH, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Sheafor, Brandon] Carroll Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Helena, MT 59625 USA. [Voyles, Jamie] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Woodhams, DC (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM dwoodhams@gmail.com RI Schmidt, Benedikt/B-8491-2008; Bosch, Jaime/H-3042-2011; Woodhams, Douglas/B-1962-2012; Puschendorf, Robert/B-6280-2011; Briggs, Cheryl/F-7456-2013; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; OI Schmidt, Benedikt/0000-0002-4023-1001; Puschendorf, Robert/0000-0002-8105-171X; Bosch, Jaime/0000-0002-0099-7934 FU Claraz Foundation; Swiss National Science Foundation [31-125099, IZ32Z0_133187/1]; USGS' Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; University of Zurich FX We thank Dr. H. Brandl and Dr. A. Bannigan for assistance with microscopy, and Dr. R.N. Harris for discussion and unpublished results. DCW was supported by the Claraz Foundation, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (31-125099). EM was partially supported by the USGS' Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. This manuscript is contribution number 372 to the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative and contributed to an International Exploratory Workshop supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (IZ32Z0_133187/1) and the University of Zurich. NR 242 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 13 U2 146 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-9994 J9 FRONT ZOOL JI Front. Zool. PD APR 18 PY 2011 VL 8 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1742-9994-8-8 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 767KV UT WOS:000290856400001 PM 21496358 ER PT J AU Ashley, JW Golombek, MP Christensen, PR Squyres, SW McCoy, TJ Schroder, C Fleischer, I Johnson, JR Herkenhoff, KE Parker, TJ AF Ashley, J. W. Golombek, M. P. Christensen, P. R. Squyres, S. W. McCoy, T. J. Schroeder, C. Fleischer, I. Johnson, J. R. Herkenhoff, K. E. Parker, T. J. TI Evidence for mechanical and chemical alteration of iron-nickel meteorites on Mars: Process insights for Meridiani Planum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC METEORITES; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; GALACTIC EVOLUTION; BURNS FORMATION; GROUND ICE; ORIGIN; SURFACE; OXIDATION; SILICON AB The weathering of meteorites found on Mars involves chemical and physical processes that can provide clues to climate conditions at the location of their discovery. Beginning on sol 1961, the Opportunity rover encountered three large iron meteorites within a few hundred meters of each other. In order of discovery, these rocks have been assigned the unofficial names Block Island, Shelter Island, and Mackinac Island. Each rock presents a unique but complimentary set of features that increase our understanding of weathering processes at Meridiani Planum. Significant morphologic characteristics interpretable as weathering features include (1) a large pit in Block Island, lined with delicate iron protrusions suggestive of inclusion removal by corrosive interaction; (2) differentially eroded kamacite and taenite lamellae in Block Island and Shelter Island, providing relative timing through crosscutting relationships with deposition of (3) an iron oxide-rich dark coating; (4) regmaglypted surfaces testifying to regions of minimal surface modification, with other regions in the same meteorites exhibiting (5) large-scale, cavernous weathering (in Shelter Island and Mackinac Island). We conclude that the current size of the rocks is approximate to their original postfall contours. Their morphology thus likely results from a combination of atmospheric interaction and postfall weathering effects. Among our specific findings is evidence supporting (1) at least one possible episode of aqueous acidic exposure for Block Island; (2) ripple migration over portions of the meteorites; (3) a minimum of two separate episodes of wind abrasion; alternating with (4) at least one episode of coating-forming chemical alteration, most likely at subzero temperatures. C1 [Ashley, J. W.; Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Golombek, M. P.; Parker, T. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Schroeder, C.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. [Fleischer, I.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ashley, JW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; FU NASA [NNX06-AD83H] FX We would like to express our sincerest thanks to our two anonymous reviewers. Jonathan Hill and Eliana McCartney were supportive in the acquisition of data products. Marc Fries was helpful in preliminary discussions. Ella Mae Lee and Bonnie Redding from the USGS team are thanked for assembling the MI mosaics for this paper. Laurence Garvie of Arizona State University's Center for Meteorite Studies is acknowledged for access to meteorite collections and discussions. For the MIPL geometric model of Block Island, we thank Nick Ruoff for tiepointing and localization, Oleg Pariser for meshing, Kris Capraro for masking off bad areas, Zareh Gorjian and Mike Stetson for cleaning up the model and determining the volume, and Bob Deen for overseeing the effort. Funding was provided in part through NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program grant NNX06-AD83H. NR 112 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 16 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00F20 DI 10.1029/2010JE003672 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 751WA UT WOS:000289647200001 ER PT J AU Miller, IM Warrick, JA Morgan, C AF Miller, Ian M. Warrick, Jonathan A. Morgan, Chris TI Observations of coarse sediment movements on the mixed beach of the Elwha Delta, Washington SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mixed grain beach; mixed sand/gravel/beach; beach erosion; Strait of Juan de Fuca; alongshore transport ID GRAVEL BEACH; GRAIN-SIZE; TRANSPORT; SAND; RIVER; WAVES; ENVIRONMENTS; MORPHOLOGY; THRESHOLD; SHORELINE AB Mixed beaches, with poorly sorted grains of multiple sizes, are a common and globally distributed shoreline type. Despite this, rates and mechanisms of sediment transport on mixed beaches are poorly understood. A series of tracer deployments using native clasts implanted with Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID) tags was used to develop a better understanding of sediment transport directions and magnitudes on the mixed grain-size beach of the Elwha River delta. Using tracer samples selected to match the distribution of the coarse fraction on the beach we find that all grain sizes, up to large cobbles (128-256 mm), were mobile under most measured wave conditions and move in relationship to the direction of the alongshore component of wave energy as estimated by incident breaking wave angles. In locations where the breaking wave is normal to the shoreline we find that tracers move in both alongshore directions with approximately equal frequency. In locations where breaking waves are oblique to the shoreline we find that alongshore transport is more unidirectional and tracers can approach average velocities of 100 m/day under winter wave conditions. We use the tracer cloud to estimate the beach active width, the mobile layer depth and sediment velocity. Our results suggest that, while sediment velocity increases under increased incident wave angles, the active layer depth and width decrease, reducing sediment flux at the site with the more oblique breaking waves. This result is contrary to what is suggested by traditional wave energy transport models of alongshore sediment transport. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Ian M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Morgan, Chris] Olymp Pk Inst, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. RP Miller, IM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM immiller@ucsc.edu; jwarrick@usgs.gov; morganc9@students.wwu.edu FU Friends of Long Marine Lab; Thomas Pratte Memorial Scholarship; Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; US Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Andrea Ogsten, Kristen Lee, the Olympic Park Institute, Suzanne Gray, Adrian Shulock, Gordon Malarkey, and WSU BeachWatchers of Clallam County for field support and assistance. A huge debt of gratitude is owed to the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, who provided logistical and field support, and Dave Rundio and Morgan Bond at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center who provided the RFID reader and invaluable advice. This investigation benefited enormously and was vastly improved through discussions with Greg Curtiss, Dr. Jonathan Allan, Dr. Gary Griggs, Dr. Dan Buscombe, Dr. Guy Gelfenbaum, Dr. Chris Edwards and Dr. Noah Finnegan. Finally, financial support for the project was provided by the Friends of Long Marine Lab, the Thomas Pratte Memorial Scholarship, the Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust and the US Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 282 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.02.012 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 771CB UT WOS:000291133700005 ER PT J AU O'Shea, TJ Ellison, LE Stanley, TR AF O'Shea, Thomas J. Ellison, Laura E. Stanley, Thomas R. TI Adult survival and population growth rate in Colorado big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE big brown bats; Colorado; Eptesicus fuscus; matrix models; population growth; seasonality; sensitivity analysis; survival ID MARKED ANIMALS; CHALINOLOBUS-TUBERCULATUS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; MYOTIS-SODALIS; LIFE-HISTORY; NEW-ZEALAND; DYNAMICS; MODEL; DROUGHT; PROBABILITIES AB We studied adult survival and population growth at multiple maternity colonies of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Fort Collins, Colorado. We investigated hypotheses about survival using information-theoretic methods and mark recapture analyses based on passive detection of adult females tagged with passive integrated transponders. We constructed a 3-stage life-history matrix model to estimate population growth rate (X) and assessed the relative importance of adult survival and other life-history parameters to population growth through elasticity and sensitivity analysis. Annual adult survival at 5 maternity colonies monitored from 2001 to 2005 was estimated at 0.79 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.77-0.82). Adult survival varied by year and roost, with low survival during an extreme drought year, a finding with negative implications for bat populations because of the likelihood of increasing drought in western North America due to global climate change. Adult survival during winter was higher than in summer, and mean life expectancies calculated from survival estimates were lower than maximum longevity records. We modeled adult survival with recruitment parameter estimates from the same population. The study population was growing (lambda = 1.096; 95% CI = 1.057-1.135). Adult survival was the most important demographic parameter for population growth. Growth clearly had the highest elasticity to adult survival, followed by juvenile survival and adult fecundity (approximately equivalent in rank). Elasticity was lowest for fecundity of yearlings. The relative importances of the various life-history parameters for population growth rate are similar to those of large mammals. C1 [O'Shea, Thomas J.; Ellison, Laura E.; Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM osheat@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases [0094959] FX Professor R. Bowen developed the database and provided guidance and encouragement throughout the project. D. Neubaum, M. Neubaum, and R. Pearce helped in all phases of data collection throughout the study. Additional assistance was provided by S. Almon, J. Ammon, T. Barnes, J. Boland, L. Bonewell, M. Carson, K. Castle, S. Cooper, T. Dawes, D. Emptage, L. Galvin, D. Grossblat, M. Hayes, B. lannone, E. Kennedy, R. Kerscher, J. LaPlante, H. Lookingbill, G. Nance, S. Neils, C. Newby, V. Price, C. Reynolds, S. Smith, L. Taraba, J. Tharp, T. Torcoletti, and M. Vrabely. Useful suggestions in planning were provided by D. Anderson, C. Rupprecht, and J. Wimsatt. L. Ansell gave administrative support. We thank P. Cryan, D. George, N. Slade, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on he manuscript. This research was supported by the United States Geological Survey and a National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases grant (0094959) to Colorado State University. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. Bats were captured under authority of a scientific collecting license issued by the Colorado Division of Wildlife. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 48 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 433 EP 443 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-162.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 754PV UT WOS:000289869700017 ER PT J AU Aiken, G Hsu-Kim, H Ryan, J Alvarez, P AF Aiken, George Hsu-Kim, Helen Ryan, Joe Alvarez, Pedro TI Guest Comment: Nanoscale Metal-Organic Matter Interactions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Aiken, George] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Aiken, George] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hsu-Kim, Helen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Hsu-Kim, Helen] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Natl Sci Fdn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ryan, Joe] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alvarez, Pedro] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Aiken, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov RI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/A-5409-2008 OI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3194 EP 3195 DI 10.1021/es2007148 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300002 PM 21486096 ER PT J AU Aiken, GR Hsu-Kim, H Ryan, JN AF Aiken, George R. Hsu-Kim, Heileen Ryan, Joseph N. TI Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Environmental Fate of Metals, Nanoparticles, and Colloids SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; HUMIC-ACID; PRECIPITATION; PARTICLES; STABILITY; OXIDATION; LIGANDS; BINDING; MODEL C1 [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Aiken, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov RI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/A-5409-2008; Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 OI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Department of Defense; National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank M.-N. Croteau, R Harvey, A. Slowey, L. Larsen, and three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments to the manuscript. H.H. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Department of Defense, and the Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). J.R was funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 49 TC 161 Z9 171 U1 21 U2 214 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3196 EP 3201 DI 10.1021/es103992s PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300003 PM 21405118 ER PT J AU Deonarine, A Lau, BLT Aiken, GR Ryan, JN Hsu-Kim, H AF Deonarine, Amrika Lau, Boris L. T. Aiken, George R. Ryan, Joseph N. Hsu-Kim, Heileen TI Effects of Humic Substances on Precipitation and Aggregation of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; MERCURIC SULFIDE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; THIOLS; SULFUR; WATERS; COMPLEXATION; DISSOLUTION; STABILITY AB Nanoparticulate metal sulfides such as ZnS can influence the transport and bioavailability of pollutant metals in anaerobic environments. The aim of this work was to investigate how the composition of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) influences the stability of zinc sulfide nanoparticles as they nucleate and aggregate in water with dissolved NOM. We compared NOM fractions that were isolated from several surface waters and represented a range of characteristics including molecular weight, type of carbon, and ligand density. Dynamic light scattering was employed to monitor the growth and aggregation of Zn-S-NOM nanoparticles in supersaturated solutions containing dissolved aquatic humic substances. The NOM was observed to reduce particle growth rates, depending on solution variables such as type and concentration of NOM, monovalent electrolyte concentration, and pH. The rates of growth increased with increasing ionic strength, indicating that observed growth rates primarily represented aggregation of charged Zn-S-NOM particles. Furthermore, the observed rates decreased with increasing molecular weight and aromatic content of the NOM fractions, while carboxylate and reduced sulfur content had little effect. Differences between NOM were likely due to properties that increased electrosteric hindrances for aggregation. Overall, results of this study suggest that the composition and source of NOM are key factors that contribute to the stabilization and persistence of zinc, sulfide nanoparticles in the aquatic environment. C1 [Deonarine, Amrika; Lau, Boris L. T.; Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hsu-Kim, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM hsukim@duke.edu RI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/A-5409-2008; Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 OI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308; FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank J. Nason at Oregon State University and C. Gerbig at CU-Boulder for their valuable comments to the manuscript. This research was support by the Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. TEM images were acquired with the help of R. Garcia at the NC State Analytical Instrumentation Facility and M. Gignac at the Duke University Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility. The use of brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 31 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 10 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3217 EP 3223 DI 10.1021/es1029798 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300006 PM 21291228 ER PT J AU Harvey, RW Metge, DW Mohanram, A Gao, XD Chorover, J AF Harvey, Ronald W. Metge, David W. Mohanram, Arvind Gao, Xiaodong Chorover, Jon TI Differential Effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon upon Re-Entrainment and Surface Properties of Groundwater Bacteria and Bacteria-Sized Microspheres during Transport through a Contaminated, Sandy Aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; COATED SAND; ADHESION; WATER; HYDROPHOBICITY; HYDROCARBONS; ATTACHMENT; DEPOSITION AB Injection-and-recovery studies involving a contaminated, sandy aquifer (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) were conducted to assess the relative susceptibility for in situ re-entrainment of attached groundwater bacteria (Pseudomonas stuzeri ML2, and uncultured, native bacteria) and carboxylate-modified microspheres (0.2 and 1.0 mu m diameters). Different patterns of re-entrainment were evident for the two colloids in response to subsequent injections of groundwater (hydrodynamic perturbation), deionized water (ionic strength alteration), 77 mu M linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS, anionic surfactant), and 76 mu M Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, a very hydrophobic nonionic surfactant). An injection of deionized water was more effective in causing detachment of micrsopheres than were either of the surfactants, consistent with the more electrostatic nature of microsphere's attachment, their extreme hydrophilicity (hydrophilicity index HI, of 0.99), and negative charge (zeta potentials, zeta, of -44 to -49 my). In contrast, Tween 80 was considerably more effective in re-entraining the more-hydrophobic native bacteria. Both the hydrophilicities and zeta potentials of the native bacteria were highly sensitive to and linearly correlated with levels of groundwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which varied modestly from 0,6 to 1.3 mg L-1. The most hydrophilic (0.52 HI) and negatively charged (zeta -38.1 my) indigenous bacteria were associated with the lowest DOC. FTIR spectra indicated the latter community had the highest average density of surface carboxyl groups. In contrast, differences in groundwater (DOC) had no measurable effect on hydrophilicity of the bacteria-sized microspheres and only a minor effect on their zeta. These findings suggest that microspheres may not be very good surrogates for bacteria in field-scale transport studies and that adaptive (biological) changes in bacterial surface characteristics may need to be considered where there is longer-term exposure to contaminant DOC. C1 [Harvey, Ronald W.; Metge, David W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mohanram, Arvind] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gao, Xiaodong; Chorover, Jon] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rwharvey@usgs.gov RI Gao, Xiaodong/C-5291-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Gao, Xiaodong/0000-0001-8568-0030; Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU USGS FX The advice and assistance of Denis LeBlanc of the USGS Massachusetts/Rhode Island District and Kathy Hess (USEPA), David Kinner (Western Carolina University), Annie Pieper, and Joseph Ryan (University of Colorado) for their help on the field studies are gratefully acknowledged. Funding for the field work was provided, in part, by the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. Use of brand names is for informational purposes only and does not constitute product endorsement by the authors, USGS, or the publisher. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3252 EP 3259 DI 10.1021/es102989x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300011 PM 21275400 ER PT J AU Williams, LB Metge, DW Eberl, DD Harvey, RW Turner, AG Prapaipong, P Poret-Peterson, AT AF Williams, Lynda B. Metge, David W. Eberl, Dennis D. Harvey, Ronald W. Turner, Amanda G. Prapaipong, Panjai Poret-Peterson, Amisha T. TI What Makes a Natural Clay Antibacterial? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; FENTON REACTION; DNA-DAMAGE; IRON; MINERALS; BACTERIA; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION AB Natural clays have been used in ancient and modern medicine, but the mechanism(s) that make certain clays lethal against bacterial pathogens has not been identified. We have compared the depositional environments, mineralogies, and chemistries of clays that exhibit antibacterial effects on a broad spectrum of human pathogens including antibiotic resistant strains. Natural antibacterial clays contain nanoscale (<200 nm), illite-smectite and reduced iron phases. The role of clay minerals in the bactericidal process is to buffer the aqueous pH and oxidation state to conditions that promote Fe2+ solubility. Chemical analyses of E. coli killed by aqueous leachates of an antibacterial clay show that intracellular concentrations of Fe and P are elevated relative to controls. Phosphorus uptake by the cells supports a regulatory role of polyphosphate or phospholipids in controlling Fe2+. Fenton reaction products can degrade critical cell components, but we deduce that extracellular processes do not cause cell death. Rather, Fe2+ overwhelms outer membrane regulatory proteins and is oxidized when it enters the cell, precipitating Fe3+ and producing lethal hydroxyl radicals. C1 [Williams, Lynda B.; Turner, Amanda G.; Prapaipong, Panjai; Poret-Peterson, Amisha T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Metge, David W.; Eberl, Dennis D.; Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Williams, LB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Lynda.Williams@asu.edu RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU NIH [R21 AT003618]; ASU School of Life Sciences, Center for Solid State Science; NASA Astrobiology Institute FX We thank Oregon Mineral Technologies, Inc. for access to their mineral deposit. T. Cunningham and D. Lowry provided TEM images; S. Haydel assisted with microbiology pilot studies. NIH grant R21 AT003618 partially supported this research. We appreciate support from the ASU School of Life Sciences, Center for Solid State Science, and NASA Astrobiology Institute. The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests. NR 44 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3768 EP 3773 DI 10.1021/es1040688 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747SZ UT WOS:000289341300081 PM 21413758 ER PT J AU Yates, ML Guza, RT O'Reilly, WC Hansen, JE Barnard, PL AF Yates, M. L. Guza, R. T. O'Reilly, W. C. Hansen, J. E. Barnard, P. L. TI Equilibrium shoreline response of a high wave energy beach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CAROLINA; SURF ZONES; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; PROFILES; EROSION; MODEL; DUCK AB Four years of beach elevation surveys at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California, are used to extend an existing equilibrium shoreline change model, previously calibrated with fine sand and moderate energy waves, to medium sand and higher-energy waves. The shoreline, characterized as the cross-shore location of the mean high water contour, varied seasonally by between 30 and 60 m, depending on the alongshore location. The equilibrium shoreline change model relates the rate of horizontal shoreline displacement to the hourly wave energy E and the wave energy disequilibrium, the difference between E and the equilibrium wave energy that would cause no change in the present shoreline location. Values for the model shoreline response coefficients are tuned to fit the observations in 500 m alongshore segments and averaged over segments where the model has good skill and the estimated effects of neglected alongshore sediment transport are relatively small. Using these representative response coefficients for 0.3 mm sand from Ocean Beach and driving the model with much lower-energy winter waves observed at San Onofre Beach (also 0.3 mm sand) in southern California, qualitatively reproduces the small seasonal shoreline fluctuations at San Onofre. This consistency suggests that the shoreline model response coefficients depend on grain size and may be constant, and thus transportable, between sites with similar grain size and different wave climates. The calibrated model response coefficients predict that for equal fluctuations in wave energy, changes in shoreline location on a medium-grained (0.3 mm) beach are much smaller than on a previously studied fine-grained (0.2 mm) beach. C1 [Hansen, J. E.; Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Yates, M. L.; Guza, R. T.; O'Reilly, W. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hansen, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Yates, ML (reprint author), Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, 3 Ave Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orleans, France. EM myates@coast.ucsd.edu RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014; OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866; Yates, Marissa/0000-0001-5775-3933 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C04014 DI 10.1029/2010JC006681 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 751VU UT WOS:000289646600002 ER PT J AU Fan, ZS Neff, JC Harden, JW Zhang, TJ Veldhuis, H Czimczik, CI Winston, GC O'Donnell, JA AF Fan, Zhaosheng Neff, Jason C. Harden, Jennifer W. Zhang, Tingjun Veldhuis, Hugo Czimczik, Claudia I. Winston, Gregory C. O'Donnell, Jonathan A. TI Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Boreal; Carbon; Climate change; Water movement; Water vapor; Permafrost ID KINEMATIC WAVE APPROACH; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; ORGANIC-MATTER; VADOSE ZONE; CARBON; FLOW; TEMPERATURE; PEATLANDS AB Soil water content strongly affects permafrost dynamics by changing the soil thermal properties. However, the movement of liquid water, which plays an important role in the heat transport of temperate soils, has been under-represented in boreal studies. Two different heat transport models with and without convective heat transport were compared to measurements of soil temperatures in four boreal sites with different stand ages and drainage classes. Overall, soil temperatures during the growing season tended to be over-estimated by 2-4 degrees C when movement of liquid water and water vapor was not represented in the model. The role of heat transport in water has broad implications for site responses to warming and suggests reduced vulnerability of permafrost to thaw at drier sites. This result is consistent with field observations of faster thaw in response to warming in wet sites compared to drier sites over the past 30 years in Canadian boreal forests. These results highlight that representation of water flow in heat transport models is important to simulate future soil thermal or permafrost dynamics under a changing climate. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fan, Zhaosheng; Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhang, Tingjun] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Veldhuis, Hugo] Univ Manitoba, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Czimczik, Claudia I.; Winston, Gregory C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fan, ZS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fanz@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 FU National Institute for Climate Change Research; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-NICCR) [MPC 35UT-01]; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE65G] FX This modeling research was supported by the National Institute for Climate Change Research, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-NICCR; grant #: MPC 35UT-01) and the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA; grant #: NNX06AE65G). Field research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Natural Resources Canada programs. We thank C.S. Carbone, M. Goulden, S. Trumbore (University of California at Irvine), K. Manies, and L Pruett (U.S. Geological Survey) for their assistance in the field and/or laboratory experiments. Also, we greatly appreciate the helpful comments from A.D. McGuire (USGS/University of Alaska at Fairbanks (UAF)) and F. Yuan (UAF). NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 10 BP 1836 EP 1842 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 748MO UT WOS:000289394900011 PM 21356544 ER PT J AU Starratt, SW AF Starratt, Scott W. TI Proceedings of the 24th Pacific climate workshop (PACLIM): Introduction SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Volcano Hazards Team, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sstarrat@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 235 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.023 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 742HR UT WOS:000288932800001 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Anderson, L AF Barron, John A. Anderson, Lesleigh TI Enhanced Late Holocene ENSO/PDO expression along the margins of the eastern North Pacific SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Pacific Climate Workshop (PACLIM) CY APR 19-22, 2009 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE Holocene; North Pacific; ENSO; PDO; Paleoclimate; Upwelling ID SOUTHWEST YUKON-TERRITORY; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COAST RANGE; LAKE-LEVEL; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MIDDLE HOLOCENE AB Pacific climate is known to have varied during the Holocene, but spatial patterns remain poorly defined. This paper compiles terrestrial and marine proxy data from sites along the northeastern Pacific margins and proposes that they indicate 1) suppressed ENSO conditions during the middle Holocene between similar to 8000 and 4000 cal BP with a North Pacific that generally resembled a La Nina-like or more negative PDO phase and 2) a climate transition between similar to 4200 and 3000 cal BP that appears to be the teleconnected expression to a more modern-like ENSO Pacific. Compared to modern day conditions, the compiled data suggest that during the middle Holocene, the Aleutian Low was generally weaker during the winter and/or located more to the west, while the North Pacific High was stronger during the summer and located more to the north. Coastal upwelling off California was more enhanced during the summer and fall but suppressed during the spring. Oregon and California sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were cooler. The Santa Barbara Basin had an anomalous record, suggesting warmer SSTs. Late Holocene records indicate a more variable, El Nino-like, and more positive PDO Pacific. The Aleutian Low became more intensified during the winter and/or located more to the east. The North Pacific High became weaker and/or displaced more to the south. Coastal upwelling off California intensified during the spring but decreased during the fall. Oregon and California SSTs became warmer, recording the shoreward migration of sub-tropical gyre waters during the fall, while spring upwelling (cooler SST) increased in the Santa Barbara Basin. The high-resolution proxy records indicate enhanced ENSO and PDO variability after similar to 4000 cal BP off southern California, similar to 3400 cal BP off northern California, and by similar to 2000 cal BP in southwestern Yukon. A progressively northward migration of the ENSO teleconnection during the late Holocene is proposed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Barron, John A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Anderson, Lesleigh] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov; land@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 235 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.02.026 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 742HR UT WOS:000288932800002 ER PT J AU McGann, M AF McGann, Mary TI Paleoceanographic changes on the Farallon Escarpment off central California during the last 16,000 years SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Pacific Climate Workshop (PACLIM) CY APR 19-22, 2009 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONE; SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; SURFACE TEMPERATURE-CHANGES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOTEMPERATURE EQUATIONS; SEASONAL SUCCESSION AB New benthic and planktic foraminiferal assemblage census data and Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Index (BFOI) values, previously published marine climate proxy data (stable isotopes and Ca/Cd), and unpublished results of total carbon, organic carbon, and calcium carbonate analyses of sediments recovered off central California on the Farallon Escarpment (1605 m water depth; 37 degrees 13.4'N, 123 degrees 14.6'W; core F-8-90-G21) document paleoceanographic changes during the latest Quaternary which reflect the intensity and source of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) and surface productivity. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates of both benthic and planktic species provide an excellent age-depth model for the last 16,000 years, covering the latest glacial, Belling-Allered, Younger Dryas, and early, middle, and late Holocene intervals. A Q-mode cluster analysis separated the benthic fauna into three clusters, one Pleistocene and two Holocene, whereas the planktic fauna was divided only into Pleistocene and Holocene clusters. Stable oxygen isotope values show an increase in water temperature of similar to 1 degrees C from the late glacial to late Holocene and a change in faunal composition of the planktic assemblage implies surface waters warmed as well. A general trend of decreasing dissolved oxygen concentration from the Pleistocene (high oxic; 3.0-6.0+ ml/l O(2)) to the Holocene (low oxic; 1.5-3.0 ml/l O(2)) suggested by the BFOI and Cd/Ca data reflect decreased ventilation as the source of the NPIW shifted from the Sea of Okhotsk to the tropical east Pacific at similar to 11,000 cal BP. The middle Holocene cooling reported in other central and northern California margin studies is not apparent in F-8-90-G21, which compares more favorably with studies from southern California and British Columbia. Total carbon and organic carbon values are highest in the Balling-Altered, early Holocene, and late Holocene. Similarly, calcium carbonate values are high in the Belling-Allered and peak in the early Holocene, but decrease significantly in the latest middle and late Holocene which coincides with a depauparate planktic foraminiferal fauna in the upper 60 cm (similar to 7000-0 cal BP) of the core and poor preservation of the benthic foraminiferal fauna at 40 cm (similar to 3000 cal BP). Decoupling is evident between the planktic and benthic faunal response to changing climatic conditions, with the surface-dwelling assemblage often leading the bottom-dwelling assemblage by several millennia. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, M-S 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmcgann@usgs.gov NR 108 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 235 BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.005 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 742HR UT WOS:000288932800004 ER PT J AU Benson, LV Lund, SP Smoot, JP Rhode, DE Spencer, RJ Verosub, KL Louderback, LA Johnson, CA Rye, RO Negrini, RM AF Benson, L. V. Lund, S. P. Smoot, J. P. Rhode, D. E. Spencer, R. J. Verosub, K. L. Louderback, L. A. Johnson, C. A. Rye, R. O. Negrini, R. M. TI The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Pacific Climate Workshop (PACLIM) CY APR 19-22, 2009 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID SECULAR VARIATION RECORDS; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-AMERICA; LEVEL; UTAH; BASIN; ICE; USA AB A sediment core taken from the western edge of the Bonneville Basin has provided high-resolution proxy records of relative lake-size change for the period 45.1-10.5 calendar ka (hereafter ka). Age control was provided by a paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV)-based age model for Blue Lake core BL04-4. Continuous records of delta O-18 and total inorganic carbon (TIC) generally match an earlier lake-level envelope based on outcrops and geomorphic features, but with differences in the timing of some hydrologic events/states. The Stansbury Oscillation was found to consist of two oscillations centered on 25 and 24 ka. Lake Bonneville appears to have reached its geomorphic highstand and began spilling at 18.5 ka. The fall from the highstand to the Provo level occurred at 17.0 ka and the lake intermittently overflowed at the Provo level until 15.2 ka, at which time the lake fell again, bottoming out at similar to 14.7 ka. The lake also fell briefly below the Provo level at similar to 15.9 ka. Carbonate and delta O-18 data indicate that between 14.7 and 13.1 ka the lake slowly rose to the Gilbert shoreline and remained at about that elevation until 11.6 ka, when it fell again. Chemical and sedimentological data indicate that a marsh formed in the Blue Lake area at 10.5 ka. Relatively dry periods in the BL04-4 records are associated with Heinrich events H1-H4, suggesting that either the warming that closely followed a Heinrich event increased the evaporation rate in the Bonneville Basin and (or) that the core of the polar jet stream (PJS) shifted north of the Bonneville Basin in response to massive losses of ice from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during the Heinrich event. The second Stansbury Oscillation occurred during Heinrich event H2, and the Gilbert wet event occurred during the Younger Dryas cold interval. Several relatively wet events in BL04-4 occur during Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) warm events. The growth of the Bear River glacier between 32 and 17 ka paralleled changes in the values of proxy indicators of Bonneville Basin wetness and terminal moraines on the western side of the Wasatch Mountains have ages ranging from 16.9 to 15.2 ka. This suggests a near synchroneity of change in the hydrologic and cryologic balances occurring in the Bonneville drainage system and that glacial extent was linked to lake size. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Benson, L. V.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lund, S. P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Smoot, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Rhode, D. E.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Spencer, R. J.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Verosub, K. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Louderback, L. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, C. A.; Rye, R. O.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Negrini, R. M.] Calif State Univ, Dept Geol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbenson@usgs.gov; slund@usc.edu; jpsmoot@usg.gov; dave@dri.edu; spencer@ucalgary.ca; klverosub@ucdavis.edu; Lisbeth.louderback@gmail.com; cjohnso@usgs.gov; rnegrini@csub.edu NR 47 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 235 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.014 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 742HR UT WOS:000288932800007 ER PT J AU Chen, J Zhu, XL Vogelmann, JE Gao, F Jin, SM AF Chen, Jin Zhu, Xiaolin Vogelmann, James E. Gao, Feng Jin, Suming TI A simple and effective method for filling gaps in Landsat ETM plus SLC-off images SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat ETM; SLC-off; Gap filling ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER; MODIS; CALIBRATION; SENSORS; TM AB The scan-line corrector (SIC) of the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor failed in 2003, resulting in about 22% of the pixels per scene not being scanned. The SLC failure has seriously limited the scientific applications of ETM+ data. While there have been a number of methods developed to fill in the data gaps, each method has shortcomings, especially for heterogeneous landscapes. Based on the assumption that the same-class neighboring pixels around the un-scanned pixels have similar spectral characteristics, and that these neighboring and un-scanned pixels exhibit similar patterns of spectral differences between dates, we developed a simple and effective method to interpolate the values of the pixels within the gaps. We refer to this method as the Neighborhood Similar Pixel Interpolator (NSPI). Simulated and actual SIC-off ETM+ images were used to assess the performance of the NSPI. Results indicate that NSPI can restore the value of un-scanned pixels very accurately, and that it works especially well in heterogeneous regions. In addition, it can work well even if there is a relatively long time interval or significant spectral changes between the input and target image. The filled images appear reasonably spatially continuous without obvious striping patterns. Supervised classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm was done on both gap-filled simulated SIC-off data and the original "gap free" data set, and it was found that classification results, including accuracies, were very comparable. This indicates that gap-filled products generated by NSPI will have relevance to the user community for various land cover applications. In addition, the simple principle and high computational efficiency of NSPI will enable processing large volumes of SIC-off ETM+ data. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vogelmann, James E.; Jin, Suming] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Chen, Jin; Zhu, Xiaolin] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xiaolin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gao, Feng] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gao, Feng] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP Vogelmann, JE (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM vogel@usgs.gov RI Chen, Jin/A-6417-2011; li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012; Zhu, Xiaolin/K-8175-2012; Chen, Jin/I-7666-2016; Chen, Lijun/Q-5012-2016; OI Chen, Jin/0000-0002-6497-4141; Zhu, Xiaolin/0000-0001-6967-786X; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009AA12004]; USGS Landsat Science Team FX This study was supported by 863 project (2009AA12004) from Ministry of Science and Technology of China. We would also like to acknowledge the support from the USGS Landsat Science Team. We thank Tom Maiersperger, Kurtis Nelson and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 20 TC 112 Z9 122 U1 8 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.12.010 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 728UE UT WOS:000287899200010 ER PT J AU McCord, TB Taylor, LA Combe, JP Kramer, G Pieters, CM Sunshine, JM Clark, RN AF McCord, T. B. Taylor, L. A. Combe, J. -P. Kramer, G. Pieters, C. M. Sunshine, J. M. Clark, R. N. TI Sources and physical processes responsible for OH/H2O in the lunar soil as revealed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ION IRRADIATION; SOLAR-WIND; WATER ICE; RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER; CHEMICAL IMPLANTATION; HYDROGEN DEPOSITS; ASTEROID BELT; SURFACE; POLES; BOMBARDMENT AB Analysis of two absorption features near 3 mu m in the lunar reflectance spectrum, observed by the orbiting M-3 spectrometer and interpreted as being due to OH and H2O, is presented, and the results are used to discuss the processes producing these molecules. This analysis focuses on the dependence of the absorptions on lunar physical properties, including composition, illumination, latitude, and temperature. Solar wind proton-induced hydroxylation is proposed as the creation process, and its products could be a source for other reported types of hydrogen-rich material and water. The irregular and damaged fine-grained lunar soil seems especially adapted for trapping solar wind protons and forming OH owing to abundant dangling oxygen bonds. The M-3 data reveal that the strengths of the two absorptions are correlated and widespread, and both are correlated with lunar composition but in different ways. Feldspathic material seems richer in OH. These results seem to rule out water from the lunar interior and cometary infall as major sources. There appear to be correlations of apparent band strengths with time of day and lighting conditions. However, thermal emission from the Moon reduces the apparent strengths of the M-3 absorptions, and its removal is not yet completely successful. Further, many of the lunar physical properties are themselves intercorrelated, and so separating these dependencies on the absorptions is difficult, due to the incomplete M-3 data set. This process should also operate on other airless silicate surfaces, such as Mercury and Vesta, which will be visited by the Dawn spacecraft in mid-2011. C1 [McCord, T. B.; Combe, J. -P.; Kramer, G.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Taylor, L. A.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Sunshine, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McCord, TB (reprint author), Bear Fight Inst, 22 Fiddlers Rd,Box 667, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. EM tmccord@bearfightinstitute.com; lataylor@utk.edu; Carle_Pieters@Brown.edu; jess@astro.umd.edu; rclark@usgs.gov FU Brown University FX We thank D. Dyar for helpful comments and a reading of the manuscript. The manuscript also benefited considerably from a careful review and editing by David Blewett and one other reviewer. This research was supported by the NASA M3 Project under contract from Brown University. NR 96 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 14 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00G05 DI 10.1029/2010JE003711 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 751VV UT WOS:000289646700001 ER PT J AU Coykendall, DK Johnson, SB Karl, SA Lutz, RA Vrijenhoek, RC AF Coykendall, D. Katharine Johnson, Shannon B. Karl, Stephen A. Lutz, Richard A. Vrijenhoek, Robert C. TI Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptila tubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Annelida Polychaeta; Siboglinidae; vent; metapopulations ID ALVINELLID POLYCHAETE DISPERSAL; CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; LARVAL DISPERSAL; LOCAL EXTINCTION; GENOTYPE DATA; FLOW; PATTERNS; DNA AB Background: Deep-sea hydrothermal vent animals occupy patchy and ephemeral habitats supported by chemosynthetic primary production. Volcanic and tectonic activities controlling the turnover of these habitats contribute to demographic instability that erodes genetic variation within and among colonies of these animals. We examined DNA sequences from one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene loci to assess genetic diversity in the siboglinid tubeworm, Riftia pachyptila, a widely distributed constituent of vents along the East Pacific Rise and Galapagos Rift. Results: Genetic differentiation (F(ST)) among populations increased with geographical distances, as expected under a linear stepping-stone model of dispersal. Low levels of DNA sequence diversity occurred at all four loci, allowing us to exclude the hypothesis that an idiosyncratic selective sweep eliminated mitochondrial diversity alone. Total gene diversity declined with tectonic spreading rates. The southernmost populations, which are subjected to superfast spreading rates and high probabilities of extinction, are relatively homogenous genetically. Conclusions: Compared to other vent species, DNA sequence diversity is extremely low in R. pachyptila. Though its dispersal abilities appear to be effective, the low diversity, particularly in southern hemisphere populations, is consistent with frequent local extinction and (re) colonization events. C1 [Johnson, Shannon B.; Vrijenhoek, Robert C.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Coykendall, D. Katharine] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Karl, Stephen A.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Lutz, Richard A.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Vrijenhoek, RC (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. EM vrijen@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NSF [OCE-9910799, OCE-0241613, OCE-0937371, OCE-9529819, OCE-0327353, ESI-0087679] FX We thank Dr. Yong Jin Won and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms that improved the manuscript. The project was conducted with the expert help and enthusiasm of captains, crews and pilots assigned to the R/V Atlantis and DSV Alvin (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) and to the R/V Western Flyer and ROV Tiburon (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, MBARI). Funding was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (to MBARI) and the following NSF grants: OCE-9910799 and OCE-0241613 (to RCV); and OCE-0937371, OCE-9529819, OCE-0327353 and ESI-0087679 (to RAL). NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 27 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD APR 13 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 96 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-11-96 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 768AJ UT WOS:000290902800002 PM 21489281 ER PT J AU Kiesecker, JM Evans, JS Fargione, J Doherty, K Foresman, KR Kunz, TH Naugle, D Nibbelink, NP Niemuth, ND AF Kiesecker, Joseph M. Evans, Jeffrey S. Fargione, Joe Doherty, Kevin Foresman, Kerry R. Kunz, Thomas H. Naugle, Dave Nibbelink, Nathan P. Niemuth, Neal D. TI Win-Win for Wind and Wildlife: A Vision to Facilitate Sustainable Development SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; BIRD; CONSERVATION; FATALITIES; BAT AB Wind energy offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions while increasing energy independence and bolstering economic development. However, wind energy has a larger land footprint per Gigawatt (GW) than most other forms of energy production, making appropriate siting and mitigation particularly important. Species that require large unfragmented habitats and those known to avoid vertical structures are particularly at risk from wind development. Developing energy on disturbed lands rather than placing new developments within large and intact habitats would reduce cumulative impacts to wildlife. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that it will take 241 GW of terrestrial based wind development on approximately 5 million hectares to reach 20% electricity production for the U.S. by 2030. We estimate there are similar to 7,700 GW of potential wind energy available across the U.S., with similar to 3,500 GW on disturbed lands. In addition, a disturbance-focused development strategy would avert the development of similar to 2.3 million hectares of undisturbed lands while generating the same amount of energy as development based solely on maximizing wind potential. Wind subsidies targeted at favoring low-impact developments and creating avoidance and mitigation requirements that raise the costs for projects impacting sensitive lands could improve public value for both wind energy and biodiversity conservation. C1 [Kiesecker, Joseph M.; Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Global Conservat Lands Program, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Fargione, Joe] Nature Conservancy, N Amer Conservat Reg, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Doherty, Kevin] Audubon Soc, Laramie, WY USA. [Foresman, Kerry R.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Naugle, Dave] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Nibbelink, Nathan P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Niemuth, Neal D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Kiesecker, JM (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Global Conservat Lands Program, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM jkiesecker@TNC.ORG OI Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 FU Robertson Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy; World Wildlife Fund FX The work was supported by grants from the Robertson Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy and the World Wildlife Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 13 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR e17566 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017566 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 749IP UT WOS:000289458800005 PM 21533285 ER PT J AU Golbuu, Y Friedlander, AM AF Golbuu, Yimnang Friedlander, Alan M. TI Spatial and temporal characteristics of grouper spawning aggregations in marine protected areas in Palau, western Micronesia SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation; groupers; Micronesia; marine protected areas; Palau; spawning aggregations ID US-VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEF FISH; EPINEPHELUS-GUTTATUS; RED HIND; NASSAU GROUPER; PLECTROPOMUS-AREOLATUS; MANAGEMENT; SERRANIDAE; BELIZE; REPRODUCTION AB In Palau, Ngerumekaol and Ebiil Channels are spawning aggregation sites that have been protected from fishing since 1976 and 2000, respectively. Groupers and other targeted fisheries species were monitored monthly over a 1.5 year period at these two spawning aggregations and two nearby exploited reference sites where grouper formerly aggregated to spawn. At the protected aggregation sites, three grouper species (Plectropomus areolatus, Epinephelus polyphekadion, and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) accounted for 78% of the abundance and 85% of the biomass of all resource species surveyed but comprised <1% of the total abundance and biomass at reference sites not protected from fishing that formally harbored spawning aggregations. Abundance and biomass of grouper species pooled were 54% and 72% higher, respectively, at Ngerumekaol compared to Ebiil. Comparisons with data from the same locations in 1995-1996 showed order of magnitude declines in abundance of E. polyphekadion at both locations. The lower numbers of E. fuscoguttatus and the near absence of E. polyphekadion at Ebiil may reflect the effects of previous and current overexploitation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Golbuu, Yimnang] Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, Koror 96940, PW, Palau. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Golbuu, Y (reprint author), Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, 1 M Dock Rd,POB 7086, Koror 96940, PW, Palau. EM ygolbuu@picrc.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NOAA; JICA FX This study was supported by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and JICA Technical Assistance (PICRC Strengthening Project). We thank Geory Mereb and Arius Merep for their help in conducting field work. We are also grateful for the following people for their assistance: Asap Bukurrow, Gerda Ucharm, Hideki Yukihira, Irvin Dwight, Jay Andrew, Kenneth Conrad, Masao Udui, Sebastian Marino, Steven Victor and Victor Nestor. Thanks to Kosta Stamoulis for assistance with figures. Special thanks to Koror State Department of Conservation and Law Enforcement and Ngerchelong State Government for allowing us to conduct this work in their respective MPAs. We are grateful to Charles Birkeland, Charlene Mersai, Liz Matthews, Mark Tupper and Tom Graham for reviewing and providing critical comments on the manuscript. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD APR 10 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.034 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 747MQ UT WOS:000289324500003 ER PT J AU Kramer, GY Besse, S Nettles, J Combe, JP Clark, RN Pieters, CM Staid, M Malaret, E Boardman, J Green, RO Head, JW McCord, TB AF Kramer, Georgiana Y. Besse, Sebastien Nettles, Jeffrey Combe, Jean-Philippe Clark, Roger N. Pieters, Carle M. Staid, Matthew Malaret, Erik Boardman, Joseph Green, Robert O. Head, James W., III McCord, Thomas B. TI Newer views of the Moon: Comparing spectra from Clementine and the Moon Mineralogy Mapper SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; MARE SOILS; REFLECTANCE; TRANSPORT; CRATERS; SURFACE AB The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) provided the first global hyperspectral data of the lunar surface in 85 bands from 460 to 2980 nm. The Clementine mission provided the first global multispectral maps the lunar surface in 11 spectral bands across the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and near-infrared (NIR). In an effort to understand how M-3 improves our ability to analyze and interpret lunar data, we compare M-3 spectra with those from Clementine's UV-VIS and NIR cameras. The Clementine mission provided the first global multispectral maps the lunar surface in 11 spectral bands across the UV-VIS and NIR. We have found that M-3 reflectance values are lower across all wavelengths compared with albedos from both of Clementine's UV-VIS and NIR cameras. M-3 spectra show the Moon to be redder, that is, have a steeper continuum slope, than indicated by Clementine. The 1 mu m absorption band depths may be comparable between the instruments, but Clementine data consistently exhibit shallower 2 mu m band depths than M-3. Absorption band minimums are difficult to compare due to the significantly different spectral resolutions. C1 [Kramer, Georgiana Y.; Combe, Jean-Philippe; McCord, Thomas B.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Besse, Sebastien] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nettles, Jeffrey; Pieters, Carle M.; Head, James W., III] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Staid, Matthew] Planetary Sci Inst, Napa Valley, CA USA. [Malaret, Erik] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Boardman, Joseph] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kramer, GY (reprint author), Bear Fight Inst, 22 Fiddlers Rd,Box 667, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. EM kramer@lpi.usra.edu OI Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 9 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00G04 DI 10.1029/2010JE003728 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 748AD UT WOS:000289361500001 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Gammons, CH AF Nimick, David A. Gammons, Christopher H. TI Diel biogeochemical processes in terrestrial waters Preface SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Gammons, Christopher H.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.023 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 752BM UT WOS:000289662800001 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Gammons, CH Parker, SR AF Nimick, David A. Gammons, Christopher H. Parker, Stephen R. TI Diel biogeochemical processes and their effect on the aqueous chemistry of streams: A review SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Diurnal; Geochemistry; Trace elements; Nutrients; Carbon; Isotopes ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ACID ROCK DRAINAGE; TRAVERTINE-DEPOSITING STREAM; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA; IN-SITU DETERMINATION; HYDROUS METAL-OXIDES; ABANDONED MINE LANDS; FRESH-WATER LAKES; SPRING-FED RIVER AB This review summarizes biogeochemical processes that operate on die!, or 24-h, time scales in streams and the changes in aqueous chemistry that are associated with these processes. Some biogeochemical processes, such as those producing diel cycles of dissolved O-2 and pH, were the first to be studied, whereas processes producing diel concentration cycles of a broader spectrum of chemical species including dissolved gases, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, trace elements, nutrients, stable isotopes, and suspended particles have received attention only more recently. Diel biogeochemical cycles are interrelated because the cyclical variations produced by one biogeochemical process commonly affect another. Thus, understanding biogeochemical cycling is essential not only for guiding collection and interpretation of water-quality data but also for geochemical and ecological studies of streams. Expanded knowledge of diel biogeochemical cycling will improve understanding of how natural aquatic environments function and thus lead to better predictions of how stream ecosystems might react to changing conditions of contaminant loading, eutrophication, climate change, drought, industrialization, development, and other factors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Gammons, Christopher H.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Parker, Stephen R.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Critical reviews of early drafts of this manuscript by Julia Barringer, Thomas Chapin, Briant Kimball, and an anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated. NR 212 TC 91 Z9 103 U1 10 U2 148 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.08.017 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 752BM UT WOS:000289662800002 ER PT J AU Tobias, C Bohlke, JK AF Tobias, Craig Boehlke, John Karl TI Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Inorganic carbon; Stable isotope; Carbonate saturation; Diel cycles; Water quality; Stream metabolism ID TRAVERTINE-DEPOSITING STREAM; CALCITE PRECIPITATION; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SURFACE WATERS; RIVER-BASIN; CO2; KINETICS; METABOLISM; FLUXES AB Movement of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the hydrologic cycle is an important component of global carbon budgets, but there is considerable uncertainty about the controls of DIC transmission from landscapes to streams, and through river networks to the oceans. In this study, diel measurements of DIC, delta(13)C-DIC, dissolved oxygen (O(2)), delta(18)O-O(2). alkalinity, pH, and other parameters were used to assess the relative magnitudes of biological and geochemical controls on DIC cycling and flux in a nutrient-rich, net autotrophic stream. Rates of photosynthesis (P), respiration (R), groundwater discharge, air-water exchange of CO(2), and carbonate precipitation/dissolution were quantified through a time-stepping chemical/isotope ((12)C and (13)C, (16)O and (18)O) mass balance model. Groundwater was the major source of DIC to the stream. Primary production and carbonate precipitation were equally important sinks for DIC removed from the water column. The stream was always super-saturated with respect to carbonate minerals, but carbonate precipitation occurred mainly during the day when P increased pH. We estimated more than half (possibly 90%) of the carbonate precipitated during the day was retained in the reach under steady baseflow conditions. The amount of DIC removed from the overlying water through carbonate precipitation was similar to the amount of DIC generated from R. Air-water exchange of CO(2) was always from the stream to the atmosphere, but was the smallest component of the DIC budget. Overall, the in-stream DIC reactions reduced the amount of CO(2) evasion and the downstream flux of groundwater-derived DIC by about half relative to a hypothetical scenario with groundwater discharge only. Other streams with similar characteristics are widely distributed in the major river basins of North America. Data from USGS water quality monitoring networks from the 1960s to the 1990s indicated that 40% of 652 stream monitoring stations in the contiguous USA were at or above the equilibrium saturation state for calcite, and 77% of all stations exhibited apparent increases in saturation state from the 1960/70s to the 1980/90s. Diel processes including partially irreversible carbonate precipitation may affect net carbon fluxes from many such watersheds. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tobias, Craig] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Boehlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Tobias, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM craig.tobias@uconn.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; USGS through the NRC; NSF [EAR-0815201] FX This study was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program in Watershed Processes and Water Resources), the USGS National Research Program in Water Resources, through the NRC post-doctoral fellowship program, and NSF EAR-0815201. Jud Harvey, Stanley Mroczkowski, Mike Doughten, Peggy Widman, Haiping Qi, Kim Duernberger, and Yvonne Marsan assisted with field work and laboratory analyses. Helpful reviews of the manuscript were made by Edward Stets (USGS) Daniel Doctor (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers. NR 64 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 18 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.012 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 752BM UT WOS:000289662800003 ER PT J AU Volkmar, EC Dahlgren, RA Stringfellow, WT Henson, SS Borglin, SE Kendall, C Van Nieuwenhuyse, EE AF Volkmar, Emily C. Dahlgren, Randy A. Stringfellow, William T. Henson, Solomon S. Borglin, Sharon E. Kendall, Carol Van Nieuwenhuyse, Erwin E. TI Using Lagrangian sampling to study water quality during downstream transport in the San Luis Drain, California, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nutrients; Algae; Lagrangian sampling; Dissolved oxygen; Diel ID JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; OXYGEN-DEMAND; DIATOMS; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION; EUTROPHICATION; PLANKTON; CARBON; PHYTOPLANKTON AB To investigate the mechanism for diet (24 h) changes commonly observed at fixed sampling locations and how these diet changes relate to downstream transport in hypereutrophic surface waters, we studied a parcel of agricultural drainage water as it traveled for 84 h in a concrete-lined channel having no additional water inputs or outputs. Algal fluorescence, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, conductivity, and turbidity were measured every 30 min. Grab samples were collected every 2 h for water quality analyses, including nutrients, suspended sediment, and chlorophyll/pheophytin. Strong diet patterns were observed for dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature within the parcel of water. In contrast, algal pigments and nitrate did not exhibit diel patterns within the parcel of water, but did exhibit strong diel patterns for samples collected at a fixed sampling location. The diel patterns observed at fixed sampling locations for these constituents can be attributed to algal growth during the day and downstream transport (washout) of algae at night. Algal pigments showed a rapid daytime increase during the first 48 h followed by a general decrease for the remainder of the study, possibly due to sedimentation and photobleaching. Algal growth (primarily diatoms) was apparent each day during the study, as measured by increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations, despite low phosphate concentrations (<0.01 mg L(-1)). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Volkmar, Emily C.; Dahlgren, Randy A.; Henson, Solomon S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stringfellow, William T.; Borglin, Sharon E.] Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Van Nieuwenhuyse, Erwin E.] US Bur Reclamat, Div Environm Affairs, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Volkmar, EC (reprint author), Caltest Analyt Lab, 1885 N Kelly Rd, Napa, CA 94558 USA. EM ecvolkmar@gmail.com; radahlgren@ucdavis.edu; wstringfellow@lbl.gov; seborglin@lbl.gov; ckendall@usgs.gov; evannieuwenhuyse@mp.usbr.gov RI Stringfellow, William/O-4389-2015; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016 OI Stringfellow, William/0000-0003-3189-5604; FU Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX We appreciate the research assistance from D. Ho, A. Wheeler, N. Brauer, P. Maloney, X. Wang, and R. Burke. We also thank D. Nimick and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.029 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 752BM UT WOS:000289662800007 ER PT J AU Naftz, DL Cederberg, JR Krabbenhoft, DP Beisner, KR Whitehead, J Gardberg, J AF Naftz, David L. Cederberg, Jay R. Krabbenhoft, David P. Beisner, Kimberly R. Whitehead, John Gardberg, Jodi TI Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Wetlands; Biogeochemistry; Great Salt Lake ID MERCURY; METHYLATION; SEDIMENTS; CHLORIDE; BAY AB A 24-h field experiment was conducted during July 2008 at a wetland on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake (GSL) to assess the diurnal cycling of methylmercury (MeHg). Dissolved (<0.45 mu m) MeHg showed a strong diurnal variation with consistently decreasing concentrations during daylight periods and increasing concentrations during non-daylight periods. The proportion of MeHg relative to total Hg in the water column consistently decreased with increasing sunlight duration, indicative of photodegradation. During the field experiment, measured MeHg photodegradation rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 ng L-1 h(-1). convective overturn of the water column driven by nighttime cooling of the water surface was hypothesized as the likely mechanism to replace the MeHg in the water column lost via photodegradation processes. A hydrodynamic model of the wetland successfully simulated convective overturn of the water column during the field experiment. Study results indicate that daytime monitoring of selected wetlands surrounding GSL may significantly underestimate the MeHg content in the water column. Wetland managers should consider practices that maximize the photodegradation of MeHg during daylight periods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Naftz, David L.; Cederberg, Jay R.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Beisner, Kimberly R.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Whitehead, John; Gardberg, Jodi] Utah Dept Environm Qual, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP Naftz, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM dlnaftz@usgs.gov OI Beisner, Kimberly/0000-0002-2077-6899 FU Utah Department of Environmental Quality/Division of Water Quality; Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands; USGS FX Use of brand names in this article is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. Funding for this study was provided by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality/Division of Water Quality, Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Wildlife Resources, and Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, and the USGS. The manuscript was improved significantly from technical reviews by Chris Gammons (guest editor), Ralph Seiler (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.005 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 752BM UT WOS:000289662800008 ER PT J AU Kay, RT Groschen, GE Cygan, G Dupre, DH AF Kay, Robert T. Groschen, George E. Cygan, Gary Dupre, David H. TI Diel cycles in dissolved barium, lead, iron, vanadium, and nitrite in a stream draining a former zinc smelter site near Hegeler, Illinois SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diel variation; Acid drainage; Nitrite; Trace metals ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MONTANA; RIVER; PH; SCHWERTMANNITE; PHOTOREDUCTION; GOETHITE; BEHAVIOR AB Diel variations in the concentrations of a number of constituents have the potential to substantially affect the appropriate sampling regimen in acidic streams. Samples taken once during the course of the day cannot adequately reflect diel variations in water quality and may result in an inaccurate understanding of biogeochemical processes, ecological conditions, and of the threat posed by the water to human health and the associated wildlife. Surface water and groundwater affected by acid drainage were sampled every 60 to 90 min over a 48-hour period at a former zinc smelter known as the Hegeler Zinc Superfund Site, near Hegeler, Illinois. Diel variations related to water quality in the aquifer were not observed in groundwater. Diel variations were observed in the temperature, pH, and concentration of dissolved oxygen, nitrite, barium, iron, lead, vanadium, and possibly uranium in surface water. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, barium, lead, and uranium generally attained maximum values during the afternoon and minimum values during the night. Iron, vanadium, and pH generally attained minimum values during the afternoon and maximum values during the night. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen were affected by the intensity of photosynthetic activity and respiration, which are dependent upon insolation. Nitrite, an intermediary in many nitrogen reactions, may have been formed by the oxidation of ammonium by dissolved oxygen and converted to other nitrogen species as part of the decomposition of organic matter. The timing of the pH cycles was distinctly different from the cycles found in Midwestern alkaline streams and likely was the result of the photoreduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and variations in the intensity of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide minerals. Diel cycles of iron and vanadium also were primarily the result of variations in the intensity of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide minerals. The diel variation in the concentrations of lead, uranium, and barium may have been affected by competition with Fe+2 for sorption sites on hydrous ferric oxide minerals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kay, Robert T.; Groschen, George E.; Dupre, David H.] US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cygan, Gary] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Kay, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rtkay@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 283 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.10.009 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 752BM UT WOS:000289662800010 ER PT J AU Lockner, DA Morrow, C Moore, D Hickman, S AF Lockner, David A. Morrow, Carolyn Moore, Diane Hickman, Stephen TI Low strength of deep San Andreas fault gouge from SAFOD core SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLOW; STRESS; SERPENTINITE; FRICTION; ZONE AB The San Andreas fault accommodates 28-34 mm yr(-1) of right lateral motion of the Pacific crustal plate northwestward past the North American plate. In California, the fault is composed of two distinct locked segments that have produced great earthquakes in historical times, separated by a 150-km-long creeping zone. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a scientific borehole located northwest of Parkfield, California, near the southern end of the creeping zone. Core was recovered from across the actively deforming San Andreas fault at a vertical depth of 2.7 km (ref. 1). Here we report laboratory strength measurements of these fault core materials at in situ conditions, demonstrating that at this locality and this depth the San Andreas fault is profoundly weak (coefficient of friction, 0.15) owing to the presence of the smectite clay mineral saponite, which is one of the weakest phyllosilicates known. This Mg-rich clay is the low-temperature product of metasomatic reactions between the quartzofeldspathic wall rocks and serpentinite blocks in the fault(2,3). These findings provide strong evidence that deformation of the mechanically unusual creeping portions of the San Andreas fault system is controlled by the presence of weak minerals rather than by high fluid pressure or other proposed mechanisms(1). The combination of these measurements of fault core strength with borehole observations(1,4,5) yields a self-consistent picture of the stress state of the San Andreas fault at the SAFOD site, in which the fault is intrinsically weak in an otherwise strong crust. C1 [Lockner, David A.; Morrow, Carolyn; Moore, Diane; Hickman, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lockner, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dlockner@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 51 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 7 PY 2011 VL 472 IS 7341 BP 82 EP U107 DI 10.1038/nature09927 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 745VV UT WOS:000289199400041 PM 21441903 ER PT J AU Buratti, BJ Hicks, MD Nettles, J Staid, M Pieters, CM Sunshine, J Boardman, J Stone, TC AF Buratti, B. J. Hicks, M. D. Nettles, J. Staid, M. Pieters, C. M. Sunshine, J. Boardman, J. Stone, T. C. TI A wavelength-dependent visible and infrared spectrophotometric function for the Moon based on ROLO data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SATELLITES; PHOTOMETRY; CLEMENTINE AB The USGS's Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) dedicated ground-based lunar calibration project obtained photometric observations of the Moon over the spectral range attainable from Earth (0.347-2.39 mu m) and over solar phase angles of 1.55 degrees-97 degrees. From these observations, we derived empirical lunar surface solar phase functions for both the highlands and maria that can be used for a wide range of applications. The functions can be used to correct for the effects of viewing geometry to produce lunar mosaics, spectra, and quick-look products for future lunar missions and ground-based observations. Our methodology can be used for a wide range of objects for which multiply scattered radiation is not significant, including all but the very brightest asteroids and moons. C1 [Buratti, B. J.; Hicks, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nettles, J.; Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Staid, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sunshine, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boardman, J.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Stone, T. C.] USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-401, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bonnie.j.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Deborah Domingue for a detailed review. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 5 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00G03 DI 10.1029/2010JE003724 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 748AA UT WOS:000289361200001 ER PT J AU Poore, BS AF Poore, Barbara S. TI Users as essential contributors to spatial cyberinfrastructures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DATA INFRASTRUCTURES; INFORMATION; SCIENCE AB Current accounts of spatial cyberinfrastructure development tend to overemphasize technologies to the neglect of critical social and cultural issues on which adoption depends. Spatial cyberinfrastructures will have a higher chance of success if users of many types, including nonprofessionals, are made central to the development process. Recent studies in the history of infrastructures reveal key turning points and issues that should be considered in the development of spatial cyberinfrastructure projects. These studies highlight the importance of adopting qualitative research methods to learn how users work with data and digital tools, and how user communities form. The author's empirical research on data sharing networks in the Pacific Northwest salmon crisis at the turn of the 21st century demonstrates that ordinary citizens can contribute critical local knowledge to global databases and should be considered in the design and construction of spatial cyberinfrastructures. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33705 USA. RP Poore, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33705 USA. EM bspoore@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 5 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 14 BP 5510 EP 5515 DI 10.1073/pnas.0907677108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 746RT UT WOS:000289265300010 PM 21444825 ER PT J AU Yin, J Haggerty, R Stoliker, DL Kent, DB Istok, JD Greskowiak, J Zachara, JM AF Yin, Jun Haggerty, Roy Stoliker, Deborah L. Kent, Douglas B. Istok, Jonathan D. Greskowiak, Janek Zachara, John M. TI Transient groundwater chemistry near a river: Effects on U(VI) transport in laboratory column experiments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; HANFORD-SITE; VADOSE ZONE; URANIUM(VI); DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; CARBONATE; SORPTION; URANYL AB In the 300 Area of a U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at Hanford, Washington, USA, inorganic carbon and major cations, which have large impacts on U(VI) transport, change on an hourly and seasonal basis near the Columbia River. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the factors controlling U(VI) adsorption/desorption by changing chemical conditions over time. Low alkalinity and low Ca concentrations (Columbia River water) enhanced adsorption and reduced aqueous concentrations. Conversely, high alkalinity and high Ca concentrations (Hanford groundwater) reduced adsorption and increased aqueous concentrations of U(VI). An equilibrium surface complexation model calibrated using laboratory batch experiments accounted for the decrease in U(VI) adsorption observed with increasing (bi)carbonate concentrations and other aqueous chemical conditions. In the column experiment, alternating pulses of river and groundwater caused swings in aqueous U(VI) concentration. A multispecies multirate surface complexation reactive transport model simulated most of the major U(VI) changes in two column experiments. The modeling results also indicated that U(VI) transport in the studied sediment could be simulated by using a single kinetic rate without loss of accuracy in the simulations. Moreover, the capability of the model to predict U(VI) transport in Hanford groundwater under transient chemical conditions depends significantly on the knowledge of real-time change of local groundwater chemistry. C1 [Yin, Jun; Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stoliker, Deborah L.; Kent, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Istok, Jonathan D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Greskowiak, Janek] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Greskowiak, Janek] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Working Grp Hydrogeol & Landscape Hydrol, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, D-2900 Oldenburg, Germany. [Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yin, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jun.yin@geo.oregonstate.edu; haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu; dlstoliker@usgs.gov; dbkent@usgs.gov; jack.istok@oregonstate.edu; janek.greskowiak@uni-oldenburg.de; john.zachara@pnl.gov RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Greskowiak, Janek/F-4198-2012 FU U.S. DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-FG02-06ER06-16]; CSIRO OCE FX This research was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Science Program (ERSP) though DOE-ERSP grant DE-FG02-06ER06-16 as part of the Hanford 300 Area Integrated Field Research Challenge Project. Funding to J. G. was provided by a postdoctoral fellowship from CSIRO OCE. We also would like to thank Brian Wood for the use of equipment, Stephanie Harrington for help with experimental setup, and Chongxuan Liu for helpful conversations and ideas. Special thanks to Chunmiao Zheng and Rui Ma for providing the PHT3D program. Reviews by Mike Hay, Rob Runkel, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Use of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not present endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 5 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W04502 DI 10.1029/2010WR009369 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 747ZE UT WOS:000289359000001 ER PT J AU Grundel, R Jean, RP Frohnapple, KJ Gibbs, J Glowacki, GA Pavlovic, NB AF Grundel, Ralph Jean, Robert P. Frohnapple, Krystalynn J. Gibbs, Jason Glowacki, Gary A. Pavlovic, Noel B. TI A Survey of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Indiana Dunes and Northwest Indiana, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; bees; floral records; Indiana Dunes ID OPEN-FOREST GRADIENT; HABITAT STRUCTURE; FIRE HISTORY; SAVANNAS; BOMBUS; FAUNA; WOODLANDS; APIFORMES; DECLINE; APIDAE AB The Indiana Dunes, and nearby natural areas in northwest Indiana, are floristically rich Midwest U.S. locales with many habitat types. We surveyed bees along a habitat gradient ranging from grasslands to forests in these locales, collecting at least 175 bee species along this gradient plus 29 additional species in other nearby habitats. About 25% of all species were from the genus Lasioglossum and 12% of the species were associated with sandy soils. Several bumblebee (Bombus) species of conservation concern that should occur in this region were not collected during our surveys. Similarity of the northwest Indiana bee fauna to other published U.S. faunas decreased about 1.3% per 100 km distance from northwest Indiana. Thirty percent or bees netted from flowers were males. Males and females differed significantly in their frequency of occurrence on different plant species. For bees collected in bowl traps, the percentage captured in fluorescent yellow traps declined and in fluorescent blue traps increased from spring to late summer. Capture rates for different bee genera varied temporally, with about a quarter of the genera being captured most frequently in late spring and a quarter in late summer. Capture rates for most genera were higher in more open than in more closed canopy habitats. The maximum number of plant species on which a single bee species was captured plateaued at 24, on average. Forty-nine percent of bee species known to occur in Indiana were found at these northwest Indiana sites. Having this relatively high proportion of the total Indiana bee fauna is consistent with Indiana Dunes existing at a biogeographic crossroads where grassland and forest biomes meet in a landscape whose climate and soils are affected by proximity to Lake Michigan. The resulting habitat, plant, edaphic, and climatic diversity likely produces the diverse bee community documented. C1 [Grundel, Ralph; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.; Glowacki, Gary A.; Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Jean, Robert P.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Gibbs, Jason] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Glowacki, Gary A.] Lake Cty Forest Preserves, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov RI Gibbs, Jason/H-6963-2012; OI Gibbs, Jason/0000-0002-4945-5423 FU USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative; National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Network; Genome Canada; NSERC FX We thank Sam Droege for assistance in bee identification and for providing sample bowls, Jean Adams for writing the R script that produced the checklist, John Ascher for verifying the Andrew runcinatae identification, Terry Griswold for examining the Stelis aff. grossa specimen, and reviewers for several comments that improved the Discussion. Support for this project was provided by the USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative and by the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Network. Support for JG was provided by funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada, NSERC, and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. Research was conducted with permission and assistance of the National Park Service and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Nature Preserves. This article is Contribution 1655 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 BP 105 EP 138 PG 34 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847AD UT WOS:000296943400002 ER PT J AU Hoang, TC Pryor, RL Rand, GM Frakes, RA AF Hoang, Tham C. Pryor, Rachel L. Rand, Gary M. Frakes, Robert A. TI USE OF BUTTERFLIES AS NONTARGET INSECT TEST SPECIES AND THE ACUTE TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF MOSQUITO CONTROL INSECTICIDES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Butterflies; Adult mosquito insecticides; Permethrin; Naled; Dichlorvos ID ARABLE FARMLAND; PERMETHRIN; LEPIDOPTERA; PESTICIDES; SURVIVAL; EXPOSURE; FLIGHT; DRIFT AB Honeybees are the standard insect test species used for toxicity testing of pesticides on nontarget insects for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIERA). Butterflies are another important insect order and a valued ecological resource in pollination. The current study conducted acute toxicity tests with naled, permethrin, and dichlorvos on fifth larval instar (caterpillars) and adults of different native Florida, USA, butterfly species to determine median lethal doses (24-h LD50), because limited acute toxicity data are available with this major insect group. Thorax- and wing-only applications of each insecticide were conducted. Based on LD50s, thorax and wing application exposures were acutely toxic to both caterpillars and adults. Permethrin was the most acutely toxic insecticide after thorax exposure to fifth instars and adult butterflies. However, no generalization on acute toxicity (sensitivity) of the insecticides could be concluded based on exposures to fifth instars versus adult butterflies or on thorax versus wing exposures of adult butterflies. A comparison of LD50s of the butterflies from this study (caterpillars and adults) with honeybee LD50s for the adult mosquito insecticides on a mu g/organism or mu g/g basis indicates that several butterfly species are more sensitive to these insecticides than are honeybees. A comparison of species sensitivity distributions for all three insecticides shows that permethrin had the lowest 10th percentile. Using a hazard quotient approach indicates that both permethrin and naled applications in the field may present potential acute hazards to butterflies, whereas no acute hazard of dichlorvos is apparent in butterflies. Butterflies should be considered as potential test organisms when nontarget insect testing of pesticides is suggested under FIFRA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:997-1005. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Hoang, Tham C.; Pryor, Rachel L.; Rand, Gary M.] Florida Int Univ, Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessment Lab, N Miami, FL USA. [Frakes, Robert A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL USA. RP Rand, GM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessment Lab, N Miami, FL USA. EM randg@tiu.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service [401816J093] FX The authors thank Richard H. Pierce and the staff at the Mote Marine Laboratory (Sarasota, FL, USA) for their analytical chemistry support and John F. Carriger for his help with conducting toxicity tests. This study was funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service through Cooperative Agreement 401816J093. This is SERC contribution number 507. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1005 DI 10.1002/etc.462 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 737TP UT WOS:000288591400029 PM 21309017 ER PT J AU Niemiller, ML Reynolds, RG Glorioso, BM Spiess, J Miller, BT AF Niemiller, Matthew L. Reynolds, R. Graham Glorioso, Brad M. Spiess, Jeremy Miller, Brian T. TI HERPETOFAUNA OF THE CEDAR GLADES AND ASSOCIATED HABITATS OF THE INNER CENTRAL BASIN OF MIDDLE TENNESSEE SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; cedar glades; conservation; diversity; reptiles; Tennessee ID UNITED-STATES; SALAMANDER; REPTILES; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; LIMESTONE; TURTLES AB The cedar glades and barrens of the Inner Central Basin (ICB) of middle Tennessee support a unique and diverse flora and fauna and represent some of the state's most valued natural areas. We conducted herpetofaunal inventories of the cedar glades, associated barrens, cedar-hardwood forest, and adjacent aquatic habitats of the Stones River drainage of Middle Tennessee, focusing our sampling effort primarily at seven state- or federally owned properties in Rutherford and Wilson counties. These properties included Stones River National Battlefield (SRNB), Flat Rock State Natural Area (FRSNA), Vesta Cedar Glade State Natural Area (VSNA), Fall Creek Recreation Area (FCRA) on J. Percy Priest Wildlife Management Area, Cedars of Lebanon State Forest (CLSF), Cedars of Lebanon State Forest Natural Area (CLSNA), and Cedars of Lebanon State Park (CLSP). We used a variety of inventory techniques in terrestrial, aquatic, and subterranean habitats to survey these properties periodically from 1989 to 2010. We documented 49 species (22 amphibian and 27 reptile) accounting for 75.4% of the 65 herpetofaunal species thought to occur in the ICB, including records for Cemophora coccinea, Aneides aeneus, Gyrinophilus palleucus, Ambystoma barbouri, and Pseudotriton montanus. We found differences in alpha and beta diversity between sites, with the CLSF complex containing a high of 41 herpetofaunal species and FRSNA containing a low of 23 species. Beta diversity comparisons indicated similarity in amphibian species composition between FRSNA and CLSF and between SRNB and CLSF (9 shared species), and in reptile species composition between VSNA and the CLSF complex (16 shared species). We compare the results of our inventory with two previous studies conducted in the area and discuss the relative abundance, conservation, and threats to the herpetofaunal community of these habitats. C1 [Niemiller, Matthew L.; Reynolds, R. Graham] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Glorioso, Brad M.] IAP World Serv Inc, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Spiess, Jeremy; Miller, Brian T.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Niemiller, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mniemill@utk.edu; rgraham@utk.edu; gloriosob@usgs.gov; boonspiess@hotmail.com; bmiller@mtsu.edu RI Reynolds, Robert/C-3304-2011; Niemiller, Matthew/B-2454-2012 OI Niemiller, Matthew/0000-0001-6353-8797 FU National Park Service; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX Funding for aspects of the study were provided by the National Park Service (to BTM), the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (to BTM), the Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University (to BMG, BTM, JS, and MLN), and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (to MLN, RGR). Scientific collection permits were obtained from the National Park Service, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (nos. 418, 522, 654, 784, 876, 1058, 1060, 1320, 1320, 1415, and 1450), and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Natural Heritage. We thank scores of student enrolled in vertebrate zoology and herpetology courses at Middle Tennessee State University and the following individuals for their assistance in the field: Troy Glorioso, Nathan Haislip, Bailey McMeans, Trent Niemiller, Stesha Pasachnik, Elizabeth Reed, Joyce Miller, Joshua Miller, Jacob Miller, Jennifer Reynolds, and George Wyckoff. Terri Hogan assisted with compliance issues and permit acquisition at SRNB. We also thank Angela Fowler, A. Floyd Scott, and Ken Oeser for sharing their field data. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 127 EP 141 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 832EI UT WOS:000295784500014 ER PT J AU Matsuda, T Turschak, G Brehme, C Rochester, C Mitrovich, M Fisher, R AF Matsuda, Tritia Turschak, Greta Brehme, Cheryl Rochester, Carlton Mitrovich, Milan Fisher, Robert TI Effects of Large-Scale Wildfires on Ground Foraging Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Southern California SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ant community; species diversity; wildfire; southern California; coastal sage scrub ID PLANT-SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; HARVESTER ANTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; POSTFIRE RECOVERY; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; SEED DISPERSAL; FIRE REGIMES; GRASSLAND; ASSEMBLAGES; SUCCESSION AB We investigated the effect of broad-scale wildfire on ground foraging ants within southern California. In October and November of 2003, two wildfires burned large portions of the wildlands within San Diego County. Between January 2005 and September 2006, we surveyed 63 plots across four sites to measure the effect of the fires on the ant assemblages present in four vegetation types: 1) coastal sage scrub, 2) chaparral, 3) grassland, and 4) woodland riparian. Thirty-six of the 63 plots were sampled before the fires between March 2001 and June 2003. Mixed model regression analyses, accounting for the burn history of each plot and our pre- and postfire sampling efforts, revealed that fire had a negative effect on ant species diversity. Multivariate analyses showed that ant community structure varied significantly among the four vegetation types, and only the ant assemblage associated with coastal sage scrub exhibited a significant difference between burned and unburned samples. The most notable change detected at the individual species level involved Messor andrei (Mayr), which increased from <1% of prefire coastal sage scrub ant samples to 32.1% in burned plots postfire. We theorize that M. andrei responded to the increase of bare ground and postfire seed production, leading to an increase in the detection rate for this species. Collectively, our results suggest that wildfires can have short-term impacts on the diversity and community structure of ground foraging ants in coastal sage scrub. We discuss these findings in relation to management implications and directions for future research. C1 [Matsuda, Tritia; Turschak, Greta; Brehme, Cheryl; Rochester, Carlton; Mitrovich, Milan; Fisher, Robert] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Matsuda, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM tmatsuda@usgs.gov FU San Diego MSCP Initiative; San Diego Association of Governments; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center FX We are grateful for the many hours of technical assistance provided by Denise Clark, Krista Mendelsohn, and Jim Starrett in support of this project. We also thank Andrew Suarez at University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana and Phil Ward at University of California, Davis, for their expertise in identification of specimens. We thank Julie Yee for providing statistical advice and for reviewing the manuscript. We also thank Amy Vandergast, Emily Underwood, and the two anonymous reviewers for their time and input reviewing the manuscript. For site access, we thank the managers of the four study sites (Tim Dillingham of California Department of Fish & Game; James Stowers, Bobbi Thompson, and Jeffrey Rundell of San Diego County Parks & Recreation Department; Isabelle Kay of the University of California, San Diego Elliott Chaparral Reserve; Joyce Schlachter and Janaye Byergo of Bureau of Land Management). Funding for this project was provided in part by the San Diego MSCP Initiative, the San Diego Association of Governments TransNet Environmental Mitigation Program, and the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. All work was performed under U.S. Fish and Wildlife permit TE-045994-7 and individually held California Department of Fish and Game scientific collecting permits. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 204 EP 216 DI 10.1603/EN10061 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810FD UT WOS:000294109900004 ER PT J AU Grundel, R Frohnapple, KJ Jean, RP Pavlovic, NB AF Grundel, Ralph Frohnapple, Krystalynn J. Jean, Robert P. Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Effectiveness of Bowl Trapping and Netting for Inventory of a Bee Community SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bees; inventory; netting; bowl trapping; sampling ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PAN TRAPS; HYMENOPTERA; APIFORMES; SUFFICIENT; DIVERSITY; HABITATS; SAVANNAS; GRADIENT; DESERT AB Concern over the status of bees has increased the need to inventory bee communities and, consequently, has increased the need to understand effectiveness of different bee sampling methods. We sampled bees using bowl traps and netting at 25 northwest Indiana sites ranging from open grasslands to forests. Assemblages of bees captured in bowl traps and by netting were very similar, but this similarity was driven by similar relative abundances of commonly captured species. Less common species were often not shared between collection methods (bowls, netting) and only about half of the species were shared between methods. About one-quarter of species were more often captured by one of the two collection methods. Rapid accumulation of species was aided by sampling at temporal and habitat extremes. In particular, collecting samples early and late in the adult flight season and in open and forest habitats was effective in capturing the most species with the fewest samples. The number of samples estimated necessary to achieve a complete inventory using bowls and netting together was high. For example, approximate to 72% of species estimated capturable in bowls were captured among the 3,159 bees collected in bowls in this study, but approximate to 30,000-35,000 additional bees would need to be collected to achieve a 100% complete inventory. For bowl trapping, increasing the number of sampling dates or sampling sites was more effective than adding more bowls per sampling date in completing the inventory with the fewest specimens collected. C1 [Grundel, Ralph; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.; Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Jean, Robert P.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov FU USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative; National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Network FX We thank Sam Droege and Jason Gibbs for assistance in bee identification, Gary Glowacki for assistance in the field, Jean Adams for recommending the randomization test, and Leo Shapiro and Joy Marburger for comments on the manuscript. Support for this project was provided by the USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative and by the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Network. Research was conducted with permission and assistance of the National Park Service and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Nature Preserves. Specimens used for this publication are currently deposited in the museum of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, IN. This article is Contribution 1610 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 40 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1603/EN09278 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810FD UT WOS:000294109900021 ER PT J AU Strickland, A Miller, EL Wooden, JL Kozdon, R Valley, JW AF Strickland, Ariel Miller, Elizabeth L. Wooden, Joseph L. Kozdon, Reinhard Valley, John W. TI SYN-EXTENSIONAL PLUTONISM AND PEAK METAMORPHISM IN THE ALBION-RAFT RIVER-GROUSE CREEK METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zircon; U-Pb; pluton; Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek; metamorphic core complex; Oligocene; zircon inheritance ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEVIER THRUST BELT; TI-IN-ZIRCON; NORTH-AMERICAN LITHOSPHERE; LATE CRETACEOUS EXTENSION; NEVADA VOLCANIC FIELD; RANGE SOUTHERN IDAHO; MANTLED GNEISS DOMES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FARALLON SLAB AB The Cassia plutonic complex (CPC) is a group of variably deformed, Oligocene granitic plutons exposed in the lower plate of the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek (ARG) metamorphic core complex of Idaho and Utah. The plutons range from granodiorite to garnet-bearing, leucogranite, and during intrusion, sillimanite-grade peak metamorphism and ductile attenuation occurred in the country rocks and normal-sense, amphibolite-grade deformation took place along the Middle Mountain shear zone. U-Pb zircon geochronology from three variably deformed plutons exposed in the lower plate of the ARG metamorphic core complex revealed that each zircon is comprised of inherited cores (dominantly late Archean) and Oligocene igneous overgrowths. Within each pluton, a spread of concordant ages from the Oligocene zircon overgrowths is interpreted as zircon recycling within a long-lived magmatic system. The plutons of the CPC have very low negative whole rock epsilon Nd values of -26 to -35, and initial Sr values of 0.714 to 0.718, consistent with an ancient, crustal source. Oxygen isotope ratios of the Oligocene zircon overgrowths from the CPC have an average delta O-18 value of 5.40 +/- 0.63 permil (2SD, n = 65) with a slight trend towards higher delta O-18 values through time. The delta O-18 values of the inherited cores of the zircons are more variable at 5.93 +/- 1.51 permil (2SD, n = 29). Therefore, we interpret the plutons of the CPC as derived, at least in part, from melting Archean crust based on the isotope geochemistry. In situ partial melting of the exposed Archean basement that was intruded by the Oligocene plutons of the CPC is excluded as the source for the CPC based on field relationships, age and geochemistry. Correlations between Ti and Hf concentrations in zircons from the CPC suggest that the magmatic system may have become hotter (higher Ti concentration in zircon) and less evolved (lower Hf in zircon concentration) through time. Therefore, the CPC represents prolonged or episodic magmatism system (32-25 Ma), and the intrusions were each accompanied by sillimanite-grade deformation and extension. The Oligocene magmatism and peak metamorphism preserved in the ARG metamorphic core complex are likely related to regional trends in mantle-derived magmatism that led to protracted heating, melting and mobilization of the deeper crust. C1 [Strickland, Ariel; Miller, Elizabeth L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Strickland, Ariel; Kozdon, Reinhard; Valley, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Strickland, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM stricklandariel@gmail.com RI Kozdon, Reinhard/J-9468-2014; Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Kozdon, Reinhard/0000-0001-6347-456X; Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR-0809226, EAR-0229854, EAR-0319230, EAR-0744079, EAR-0838058] FX The authors would like to thank Andrew Barth and Trevor Dumitru for thoughtful discussions and reviews of earlier manuscripts. Technical support for analyses using the SHRIMP-RG was graciously provided by Brad Ito. We are also grateful to Calvin Miller and an anonymous reviewer for very helpful reviews. The authors also gratefully acknowledge support for this study from the U.S. Geological Survey, and partial funding from two National Science Foundation grants awarded to Elizabeth Miller (EAR-0809226, EAR-0229854). The WiscSims lab is partially funded by grants from the National Science Foundation (EAR-0319230, EAR-0744079), and this research was also supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation awarded to John Valley (EAR-0838058). NR 105 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 311 IS 4 BP 261 EP 314 DI 10.2475/04.2011.01 PG 54 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 809YS UT WOS:000294093200001 ER PT J AU Blum, A Lee, L Eberl, D AF Blum, Alex Lee, Lopaka Eberl, Dennis TI MEASUREMENT OF CLAY SURFACE AREAS BY POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP) SORPTION: A NEW METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING ILLITE AND SMECTITE ABUNDANCE SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Letter C1 [Blum, Alex; Eberl, Dennis] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lee, Lopaka] USGS, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Blum, A (reprint author), USGS, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM aeblum@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD APR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590209 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 799CH UT WOS:000293260600009 ER PT J AU Bulla, CK Gomes, LC Miranda, LE Agostinho, AA AF Bulla, Cintia Karen Gomes, Luiz Carlos Miranda, Leandro Esteban Agostinho, Angelo Antonio TI The ichthyofauna of drifting macrophyte mats in the Ivinhema River, upper Parana River basin, Brazil SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dispersion; Fish guilds; Floodplain; Free-floating plants; Freshwater fishes ID AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; EICHHORNIA-AZUREA; ITAIPU RESERVOIR; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; LAKE; FLOODPLAIN; DISPERSAL; BIOMASS; AMAZON AB We describe the fish assemblages associated with drifting macrophyte mats and consider their possible role as dispersal vectors in the Ivinhema River, a major tributary of the upper Parana River, Brazil. Fish associated with drifting mats were sampled in the main river channel during January and March 2005, when the wind and/or the increased water level were sufficient to transport macrophyte stands. Fish in the drifting mats were sampled with a floating sieve (4 m long x 2 m wide x 0.6 m high, and 2 mm mesh size). In the laboratory, larvae, juvenile, and adult fish were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. In four drifting macrophyte mats we captured 218 individuals belonging to at least 28 species, 17 families, and 6 orders. Aphyocharax dentatus, Serrasalmus spp., and Trachelyopterus galeatus were the most abundant taxa associated with the mats, but species richness ranged from 6 to 24 species per mat. In addition, 85% of the total number of individuals caught was larvae and juveniles. Although preliminary and based on limited samples, this study of drifting macrophyte mats was the first one in the last unregulated stretch of the Parana River remaining inside Brazilian territory, and alerts us to the potential role of macrophytes mats as dispersers of fish species in the region. C1 [Bulla, Cintia Karen; Gomes, Luiz Carlos; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio] Univ Estadual Maringa, Programa Posgrad Ecol Ambientes Aquat Continentai, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Gomes, Luiz Carlos; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio] Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Biol, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Gomes, Luiz Carlos; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio] Univ Estadual Maringa, Nucleo Pesquisas Limnol Ictiol & Aquicultura Nupe, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Miranda, Leandro Esteban] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bulla, CK (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa, Programa Posgrad Ecol Ambientes Aquat Continentai, Av Colombo 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RI Gomes, Luiz/D-5886-2013; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio/D-5888-2013 OI Agostinho, Angelo Antonio/0000-0002-4707-9444 FU CAPES FX We are grateful to Nupelia for providing the infrastructure to collect data. This project was developed within the Brazilian Long Term Ecological Research, Site 6, conducted in the upper Parana River floodplain. Joao Dirco Latini coordinated the entire operation in field. CKB was supported by CAPES; LCG and AAA are Productivity Researchers of CNPq. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 794QE UT WOS:000292915000018 ER PT J AU Faulkner, S Barrow, W Keeland, B Walls, S Telesco, D AF Faulkner, Stephen Barrow, Wylie, Jr. Keeland, Bob Walls, Susan Telesco, David TI Effects of conservation practices on wetland ecosystem services in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; nutrient retention; reforestation; restoration; Wetlands Reserve Program; wildlife habitat ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN WETLAND; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD WETLAND; AQUATIC-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; RIPARIAN FOREST; PHOSPHORUS RETENTION; TERRESTRIAL HABITAT; COASTAL-PLAIN; RIVER-BASIN; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS AB Restoration of wetland ecosystems is an important priority for many state and federal agencies, as well as nongovernmental conservation organizations. The historic conversion of wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) has resulted in large-scale implementation of a variety of conservation practices designed to restore and enhance wetland ecosystem services. As a consequence, the effectiveness of multiple approaches in achieving desired conservation goals varies depending on site conditions, practices employed, and specific ecosystem services. We reviewed government agency programs and the scientific literature to evaluate the effects of conservation practices on wetlands in the MAV. There were 68 different conservation practices applied to a combined total of 1.27 million ha in the MAV between 2000 and 2006. These practices fell into two categories: Wetland Conservation Practices and Upland Conservation Practices. Sixteen different practices accounted for nearly 92% of the total area, and only three of these are directly related to wetlands: Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management, Wetland Restoration, and Riparian Forest Buffer. All three of these practices involve reforestation, primarily planting hard-mast species such as Quercus sp. and Carya sp. These plantings are likely to develop into even-aged stands of low tree diversity with little structural heterogeneity, which will impact future wildlife habitat. Since hydrology is a critical driver of wetland processes, the ability of a given conservation practice to restore wetland hydrology is a key determinant of how well it can restore ecosystem services. However, there is little to no follow-up monitoring of projects, so it is difficult to know how much variability exists for any given practice or the efficacy of specific practices. Conservation practices that only plant trees without reconnecting the wetland to the hydrologic and nutrient fluxes in the watershed may restore some wildlife habitat but will do little for regulating services such as nitrogen retention. While conservation practices have overall beneficial effects on many ecosystem services in the MAV, the most effective are those with a direct link between the actions associated with a given practice and controls over ecosystem processes and services. C1 [Faulkner, Stephen; Barrow, Wylie, Jr.; Keeland, Bob; Walls, Susan] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Telesco, David] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Faulkner, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM sfaulkner@usgs.gov FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX We thank Michael Baldwin for helping develop and analyze the conservation practices database and Debbie Fuller for information on black bears. We also thank Diane Eckles, Norman Melvin, and four anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Parts of this work were supported by funding from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. NR 190 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 SU S BP S31 EP S48 DI 10.1890/10-0592.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764UU UT WOS:000290660700004 ER PT J AU Grezzi, G Ayuso, RA De Vivo, B Lima, A Albanese, S AF Grezzi, G. Ayuso, R. A. De Vivo, B. Lima, A. Albanese, S. TI Lead isotopes in soils and groundwaters as tracers of the impact of human activities on the surface environment: The Domizio-Flegreo Littoral (Italy) case study SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Isotopes; Lead; Soils; Groundwater; Domizio-Flegreo Littoral ID CAMPANIA REGION; STREAM SEDIMENTS; URBAN SOILS; ND-PB; ELEMENTS; GEOCHEMISTRY; POLLUTION; VESUVIUS; AEROSOLS; HARMFUL AB The isotopic signature of geogenic and anthropogenic materials, in combination with concentration data for pollutants, can help trace the origin and the extent of contamination in the environment This approach is particularly effective if naturally occurring and anthropogenically introduced metals have different isotopic ratios. Lead isotope analysis on soils from 7 profiles (1 m depth) and on groundwaters from Swells have been used to determine the impact of human activities on the surface environment of Domizio-Flegreo Littoral. Result obtained show that in sub-rural areas the isotopic composition of the samples collected along the soil profiles of Domizio-Flegreo Littoral is likely mostly controlled by the nature of the parent geologic material (natural) while in more urbanized areas (Giugliano) Pb isotopic composition in superficial soils is mostly influenced by anthropic sources such as motor vehicles. Lead isotopic ratios in groundwaters also show that the use of pesticides and, probably, the influence of aerosols and the presence of illegal waste disposal can influence water quality. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Grezzi, G.; De Vivo, B.; Lima, A.; Albanese, S.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Ayuso, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Albanese, S (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. EM stefano_albanese@hotmail.com NR 35 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD APR-JUN PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.09.012 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 773DO UT WOS:000291287400007 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Bronaugh, WM Crowhurst, RS D'Elia, J Eagles-Smith, CA Epps, CW Knaus, B Miller, MP Moses, ML Oyler-McCance, S Robinson, WD Sidlauskas, B AF Haig, Susan M. Bronaugh, Whitcomb M. Crowhurst, Rachel S. D'Elia, Jesse Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Epps, Clinton W. Knaus, Brian Miller, Mark P. Moses, Michael L. Oyler-McCance, Sara Robinson, W. Douglas Sidlauskas, Brian TI GENETIC APPLICATIONS IN AVIAN CONSERVATION SO AUK LA English DT Review ID NORTH-AMERICAN-BIRDS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; OWLS STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; GOOSE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB A FUNDAMENTAL NEED in conserving species and their habitats is defining distinct entities that range from individuals to species to ecosystems and beyond (Table 1; Ryder 1986, Moritz 1994, Mayden and Wood 1995, Haig and Avise 1996, Hazevoet 1996, Palumbi and Cipriano 1998, Hebert et al. 2004, Mace 2004, Wheeler et al. 2004, Armstrong and Ball 2005, Baker 2008, Ellis et al. 2010, Winker and Haig 2010). Rapid progression in this interdisciplinary field continues at an exponential rate; thus, periodic updates on theory, techniques, and applications are important for informing practitioners and consumers of genetic information. Here, we outline conservation topics for which genetic information can be helpful, provide examples of where genetic techniques have been used best in avian conservation, and point to current technical bottlenecks that prevent better use of genomics to resolve conservation issues related to birds. We hope this review will provide geneticists and avian ecologists with a mutually beneficial dialogue on how this integrated field can solve current and future problems. C1 [Haig, Susan M.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Miller, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bronaugh, Whitcomb M.; Crowhurst, Rachel S.; D'Elia, Jesse; Epps, Clinton W.; Moses, Michael L.; Robinson, W. Douglas; Sidlauskas, Brian] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [D'Elia, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Knaus, Brian] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011; OI Sidlauskas, Brian/0000-0003-0597-4085; Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285; Knaus, Brian/0000-0003-1665-4343 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Oregon State University; USGS Fort Collins Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We are grateful to R. Fleischer and several anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. We further thank the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Oregon State University, USGS Fort Collins Science Center, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their support of this effort. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 339 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2011 VL 128 IS 2 BP 205 EP 229 DI 10.1525/auk.2011.128.2.205 PG 25 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 767VV UT WOS:000290887600002 ER PT J AU Conklin, JR Battley, PF Potter, MA Ruthrauff, DR AF Conklin, Jesse R. Battley, Phil F. Potter, Murray A. Ruthrauff, Dan R. TI GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN MORPHOLOGY OF ALASKA-BREEDING BAR-TAILED GODWITS (LIMOSA LAPPONICA) IS NOT MAINTAINED ON THEIR NONBREEDING GROUNDS IN NEW ZEALAND SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bar-tailed Godwit; geographic variation; Limosa lapponica baueri; morphometrics; New Zealand; plumage ID MIGRATION; SHOREBIRDS; SCHEDULES; SIGNALS; SIZE; RULE AB Among scolopacid shorebirds, Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) have unusually high intra- and intersexual differences in size and breeding plumage. Despite historical evidence for population structure among Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (L. l. baueri), no thorough analysis, or comparison with the population's nonbreeding distribution, has been undertaken. We used live captures, field photography, museum specimens, and individuals tracked from New Zealand to describe geographic variation in size and plumage within the Alaska breeding range. We found a north-south cline in body size in Alaska, in which the smallest individuals of each sex occurred at the highest latitudes. Extent of male breeding plumage (proportion of nonbreeding contour feathers replaced) also increased with latitude, but female breeding plumage was most extensive at mid-latitudes. This population structure was not maintained in the nonbreeding season: morphometrics of captured birds and timing of migratory departures indicated that individuals from a wide range of breeding latitudes occur in each region and site in New Zealand. Links among morphology, phenology, and breeding location suggest the possibility of distinct Alaska breeding populations that mix freely in the nonbreeding season, and also imply that the strongest selection for size occurs in the breeding season. Received 7 October 2010, accepted 7 February 2011. C1 [Conklin, Jesse R.; Battley, Phil F.; Potter, Murray A.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Ecol Grp, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Ruthrauff, Dan R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Conklin, JR (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Ecol Grp, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. EM conklin.jesse@gmail.com FU Department of Conservation Research and Development [3739-01, 3599]; David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Marsden Fund FX This project is indebted to many individuals studying godwits in Alaska and Australasia over more than two decades. We owe special thanks to B. McCaffery and R. Gill for planting the seeds of this research with many hours of thoughtful discussion. We thank R. Gill, D. Melville, and C. Steed for field assistance in Alaska, and D. Melville, A. Riegen, and R. Schuckard for capture assistance in New Zealand. We thank T. Buckley, R. Hill, S. Lovibond, J. Morse, A. Riegen, R. Schuckard, C. Steed, P. Tomkovich, K. Woodley, and S. Zack for photographs of Alaska godwits. We thank C. Cicero (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California at Berkeley), R. Gill (U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Science Center in Anchorage), and K. Winker (University of Alaska at Fairbanks) for access to museum specimens. J. Fox at the British Antarctic Survey provided technical assistance regarding geolocators. A. Riegen provided New Zealand Wader Study Group capture data. The Ornithological Society of New Zealand provided capture data partly obtained under Department of Conservation Research and Development contracts 3739-01 and 3599. This project was supported by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation through the Pacific Shorebird Migration Project, and by a Marsden Fund grant administered by The Royal Society of New Zealand to P.F.B. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2011 VL 128 IS 2 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1525/auk.2011.10231 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 767VV UT WOS:000290887600017 ER PT J AU Ennen, JR Qualls, CP AF Ennen, Joshua R. Qualls, Carl P. TI DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT UTILIZATION OF THE GOPHER TORTOISE TICK (AMBLYOMMA TUBERCULATUM) IN SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IXODIDAE; ACARI; FIRE; POPULATIONS; MARMOREUM; PROVINCE; PRAIRIE AB The distribution of the gopher tortoise tick (Amblyomma tuberculatum) has been considered intrinsically linked to the distribution of its primary host, gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). However, the presence of G. polyphemus does not always equate to the presence of A. tuberculatum. There is a paucity of data on the ecology, habitat preferences, and distribution of A. tuberculatum. The goals of this study were to assess the distribution of A. tuberculatum in southern Mississippi and to determine which, if any, habitat parameters explain the distribution pattern of A. tuberculatum. During 2006-2007, we examined 13 G. polyphemus populations in southern Mississippi for the presence of A. tuberculatum, and we measured a suite of habitat parameters at each site. Only 23% of the G. polyphemus populations supported A. tuberculatum, suggesting a more restricted distribution than its host. The results of our multivariate analyses identified several habitat variables, e. g., depth of sand and percentage of sand in the topsoil and burrow apron, as being important in discriminating between sites with, and without, A. tuberculatum. Amblyomma tuberculatum was only found at sites with a mean sand depth of >100 cm and a mean percentage of topsoil and burrow apron sand composition >94.0 and 92.4, respectively. Thus, environmental factors, and not just its host's range, seem to influence the distribution of A. tuberculatum. C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Qualls, Carl P.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Appl Res & Dev Bldg,Suite 150,POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jennen@usgs.gov FU Mississippi Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks' FX Funding for this project was indirectly obtained through the Mississippi Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks' Section 6 program and T. Smith, USACE-ERDC-CERL. Scientific permits to conduct research on G. polyphemus were provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks. This work was approved by the University of Southern Mississippi's IACUC (protocol 07032201). We thank J. Schaefer for comments and assistance in the multivariate statistical analyses; D. Baxely, J. Oliver, and D. Apanaskevich for reviewing the manuscript; and T. Mann for input and review of earlier drafts of the manuscript. Thanks to Nathan Robertson for assistance with portions of the fieldwork. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2011 VL 97 IS 2 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1645/GE-2599.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 768QI UT WOS:000290950500005 PM 21506776 ER PT J AU Smith, DHV Converse, SJ Gibson, KW Moehrenschlager, A Link, WA Olsen, GH Maguire, K AF Smith, Des H. V. Converse, Sarah J. Gibson, Keith W. Moehrenschlager, Axel Link, William A. Olsen, Glenn H. Maguire, Kelly TI Decision Analysis for Conservation Breeding: Maximizing Production for Reintroduction of Whooping Cranes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE artificial incubation; Bayesian model selection; captive breeding; decision analysis; Grus americana; Grus canadensis; multiple clutching; sandhill crane; whooping crane ID ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION; HATCHING FAILURE; EGGS; AGE; RELATEDNESS; MANAGEMENT AB Captive breeding is key to management of severely endangered species, but maximizing captive production can be challenging because of poor knowledge of species breeding biology and the complexity of evaluating different management options. In the face of uncertainty and complexity, decision-analytic approaches can be used to identify optimal management options for maximizing captive production. Building decision-analytic models requires iterations of model conception, data analysis, model building and evaluation, identification of remaining uncertainty, further research and monitoring to reduce uncertainty, and integration of new data into the model. We initiated such a process to maximize captive production of the whooping crane (Grus americana), the world's most endangered crane, which is managed through captive breeding and reintroduction. We collected 15 years of captive breeding data from 3 institutions and used Bayesian analysis and model selection to identify predictors of whooping crane hatching success. The strongest predictor, and that with clear management relevance, was incubation environment. The incubation period of whooping crane eggs is split across two environments: crane nests and artificial incubators. Although artificial incubators are useful for allowing breeding pairs to produce multiple clutches, our results indicate that crane incubation is most effective at promoting hatching success. Hatching probability increased the longer an egg spent in a crane nest, from 40% hatching probability for eggs receiving 1 day of crane incubation to 95% for those receiving 30 days (time incubated in each environment varied independently of total incubation period). Because birds will lay fewer eggs when they are incubating longer, a tradeoff exists between the number of clutches produced and egg hatching probability. We developed a decision-analytic model that estimated 16 to be the optimal number of days of crane incubation needed to maximize the number of offspring produced. These results show that using decision-analytic tools to account for uncertainty in captive breeding can improve the rate at which such programs contribute to wildlife reintroductions. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Smith, Des H. V.; Gibson, Keith W.; Moehrenschlager, Axel] Ctr Conservat Res, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada. [Converse, Sarah J.; Link, William A.; Olsen, Glenn H.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Maguire, Kelly] Int Crane Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. RP Smith, DHV (reprint author), Ctr Conservat Res, 1300 Zoo Rd NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada. EM dess@calgaryzoo.ab.ca OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU Husky Energy, Inc.; Canadian Wildlife Service; Calgary Zoo FX We thank the following institutions for the provision of data: Patuxent Wildlife Research Centre, the International Crane Foundation, the Devonian Wildlife Research Centre (Calgary Zoo). The following people provided advice and support throughout our project: D. Knapik, C. Robinson-Ladiges, S. Black, D. Whiteside, B. Peel, R. Wenman, N. Yeoman, V. Edwards, J. Chandler, M. Putnam, J. French, S. Zimorski, K. Jones, T. Everest. A. Royle provided advice on data analysis. A. Hargreaves and J. Macpherson assisted with editing and provided many useful comments. K. Jones, M. Putnam, J. French, J. Chandler, D. Whiteside, D. Knapik, and M. Savoie also made many useful comments on the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers also provided comments to improve the manuscript. This research was funded by Husky Energy, Inc., the Canadian Wildlife Service, and the Calgary Zoo. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1002/jwmg.88 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800004 ER PT J AU Sauer, JR Otto, MC Kendall, WL Zimmerman, GS AF Sauer, John R. Otto, Mark C. Kendall, William L. Zimmerman, Guthrie S. TI Monitoring Bald Eagles Using Lists of Nests: Response to Watts and Duerr SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bald eagle; dual frame sampling; list frame; nesting AB The post-delisting monitoring plan for bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) roposed use of a dual-frame sample design, in which sampling of known nest sites in combination with additional area-based sampling is used to estimate total number of nesting bald eagle pairs. Watts and Duerr (2010) used data from repeated observations of bald eagle nests in Virginia, USA to estimate a nest turnover rate and used this rate to simulate decline in number of occupied nests in list nests over time. Results of Watts and Duerr suggest that, given the rates of loss of nests from the list of known nest sites in Virginia, the list information will be of little value to sampling unless lists are constantly updated. Those authors criticize the plan for not placing sufficient emphasis on updating and maintaining lists of bald eagle nests. Watts and Duerr's metric of turnover rate does not distinguish detectability or temporary nonuse of nests from permanent loss of nests and likely overestimates turnover rate. We describe a multi-state capture-recapture model that allows appropriate estimation of rates of loss of nests, and we use the model to estimate rates of loss from a sample of nests from Maine, USA. The post-delisting monitoring plan addresses the need to maintain and update the lists of nests, and we show that dual frame sampling is an effective approach for sampling nesting bald eagle populations. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sauer, John R.; Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Otto, Mark C.; Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sauer, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jrsauer@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 509 EP 512 DI 10.1002/jwmg.84 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800005 ER PT J AU Manning, JA Kaler, RSA AF Manning, Jeffrey A. Kaler, Robb S. A. TI Effects of Survey Methods on Burrowing Owl Behaviors SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agroecosystem; Athene cunicularia; behavioral responses; burrowing owl; California; field experiment; Imperial Valley; short-term displacement; survey methods ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; NEST-SITE; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; DISTANCES; WILDLIFE; COLORADO; SUCCESS; MEXICO AB Monitoring wildlife populations often involves intensive survey efforts to attain reliable estimates of population size. Such efforts can increase disturbance to animals, alter detection, and bias population estimates. Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) are declining across western North America, and information on the relative effects of potential survey methods on owl behaviors is needed. We designed a field experiment to compare burrowing owl flight distances, times displaced, and probabilities of being displaced between 4 potential population survey methods (single walking surveyor, single vehicle stop, single vehicle stop with 2 surveyors, and double vehicle stop with 2 surveyors), and an experimental control in the agricultural matrix of Imperial Valley, California. Between 25 April and 1 May 2008, we randomly applied survey methods to 395 adult male owls during daylight hours (0700 hours through 1900 hours). All survey methods increased odds of displacing owls from perches. Survey methods with observers outside the vehicle were 3 times more likely to displace an owl than a single vehicle stop where observers remained inside the vehicle. Owls were displaced farther distances by all survey methods compared to control trials, but distances and time displaced did not differ among survey methods. We recommend that surveys for counting owls during the breeding season in agroecystems like the Imperial Valley where high densities of owls nest primarily along the borders of fields be conducted using single vehicle stops with or without 2 surveyors, depending on conditions for locating owls from roads. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Manning, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources 107, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kaler, Robb S. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Manning, JA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources 107, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jeffmanning@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Imperial Irrigation District's Colorado River Water Transfer Project and Manning Biological Research FX We thank W. R. Trione for sharing ideas and assisting with the testing of field protocols. We thank A. Bloomfield, D. G. Burnett, S. Burrell, S. Carroll, C. Chutter, A. DeJoannis, E. Donadio, M. Dresser, T. Eisenhower, V. Eurs, L. A. Ferreira, L. Genzoli, P. J. Goulet, M. Grant, J. Luttrell, S. Malick, A. C. Persinger, G. Robinson, S. Sells, and Z. Wallace for their endless hours applying field treatments and observing owls. We also thank C. S. Goldberg for helpful discussions and suggestions on statistical approaches. Additionally, we thank P. Bloom and J. Lincer for assisting in logistics and L. Kenney and 3 anonymous referees for their suggestions on earlier versions of this study that greatly improved it. This study was funded in part by the Imperial Irrigation District's Colorado River Water Transfer Project and Manning Biological Research. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1002/jwmg.86 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800007 ER PT J AU Stauffer, GE Diefenbach, DR Marshall, MR Brauning, DW AF Stauffer, Glenn E. Diefenbach, Duane R. Marshall, Matthew R. Brauning, Daniel W. TI Nest Success of Grassland Sparrows on Reclaimed Surface Mines SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grasshopper sparrows; Henslow's sparrows; nest survival; non-native grasslands; Pennsylvania; Savannah sparrows; seasonal trends ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HENSLOWS SPARROWS; BREEDING BIOLOGY; BIRD ABUNDANCE; UNITED-STATES; COAL-MINES; SURVIVAL; VEGETATION AB Grasslands resulting from surface mine reclamation support grassland songbird populations in several midwestern and eastern states in the United States, especially where reclaimed mines are large (> 1,000 ha). However, most reclaimed surface mines in Pennsylvania are small (< 200 ha), and nest success is unknown. We evaluated nest success of grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum), Henslow's (A. henslowii), and Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) on 4 reclaimed surface mines (50-180 ha) in western Pennsylvania, USA from 2006 to 2007. Overall nest success based on mean covariate values was 0.435 (95% CI = 0.376-0.504) for grasshopper sparrows, 0.396 (95% CI = 0.295-0.533) for Henslow's sparrows, and 0.158 (95% CI = 0.063-0.392) for Savannah sparrows. These estimates of nest success are comparable to those on larger reclaimed mines and other habitats. Grasshopper and Henslow's sparrow nests that were well concealed were less likely to fail than highly visible nests (beta(visible) - -0.028, CI - -0.051 to -0.005 for grasshopper sparrows; beta(visible) = -0.063, CI = -0.112 to -0.014 for Henslow's sparrows), and nests in areas with surrounding deep litter were more likely to fail than nests in areas with shallow litter (beta(litterD) = 0.145, CI = =0.335 to 0.045 for grasshopper sparrows; beta(blitterD) = -0.676, CI = -1.187 to -0.116 for Henslow's sparrows). Savannah sparrow nests in areas with high visual obstruction by vegetation were less likely to fail than nests in areas with sparse and short vegetation (beta(VisOb) = -0.048, CI = 0.006-0.091). Daily probability of survival for grasshopper sparrow nests was greatest early and late in the breeding season, and Savannah sparrow nest survival followed a decreasing linear trend. Nest survival of Henslow's sparrows was greater on warm days (beta(temp) = -0.197, CI = -0.014-0.379), whereas for Savannah sparrows nest survival decreased on warm days and on days with rain, but for Savannah sparrows confidence intervals of weather effects included zero (beta(temp) = -0.098, CI = -0.246 to 0.050; beta(rain) = 3.13, CI = -14.19 to 20.45). We suggest that small reclaimed surface mine grasslands can provide valuable nesting habitat and could be important to the conservation of grassland bird populations. Because nest success can increase in the latter part of the nesting season, agricultural disturbances or management activities in mid-to late summer could adversely affect reproductive success. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Stauffer, Glenn E.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Marshall, Matthew R.] Natl Pk Serv, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brauning, Daniel W.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Stauffer, GE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM gestauffer@gmail.com FU United States Geological Society; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Pennsylvania Game Commission; Pennsylvania State University FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Geological Society, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Pennsylvania Game Commission, and the Pennsylvania State University. We thank M. Blake, D. Cramer, J. Everitts, A. Graham, C. Larkin, C. Laughlin, C. Makufka, S. Michler, A. Nordick, T. Seigmund, and K. Steinkerchner for field assistance and J. Rotella, T. Donovan, S. Rosenstock, and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 548 EP 557 DI 10.1002/jwmg.70 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800010 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Magoun, AJ Gardner, B Valkenburg, P Lowell, RE AF Royle, J. Andrew Magoun, Audrey J. Gardner, Beth Valkenburg, Patrick Lowell, Richard E. TI Density Estimation in a Wolverine Population Using Spatial Capture-Recapture Models SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; capture-recapture; density; Gulo gulo; motion-detection cameras; spatial models; wolverine ID GULO-GULO; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; DATA AUGMENTATION; CAMERA-TRAP; SIZE; INFERENCE AB Classical closed-population capture-recapture models do not accommodate the spatial information inherent in encounter history data obtained from camera-trapping studies. As a result, individual heterogeneity in encounter probability is induced, and it is not possible to estimate density objectively because trap arrays do not have a well-defined sample area. We applied newly-developed, capture-recapture models that accommodate the spatial attribute inherent in capture-recapture data to a population of wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Southeast Alaska in 2008. We used camera-trapping data collected from 37 cameras in a 2,140-km(2) area of forested and open habitats largely enclosed by ocean and glacial icefields. We detected 21 unique individuals 115 times. Wolverines exhibited a strong positive trap response, with an increased tendency to revisit previously visited traps. Under the trap-response model, we estimated wolverine density at 9.7 individuals/1,000 km(2) (95% Bayesian CI: 5.9-15.0). Our model provides a formal statistical framework for estimating density from wolverine camera-trapping studies that accounts for a behavioral response due to baited traps. Further, our model-based estimator does not have strict requirements about the spatial configuration of traps or length of trapping sessions, providing considerable operational flexibility in the development of field studies. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew; Gardner, Beth] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Magoun, Audrey J.; Valkenburg, Patrick; Lowell, Richard E.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Alaska Trappers Association; American Wildlife Conservation Foundation, Inc.; Campion Foundation; Milwaukee Zoo; Minnesota Zoo; Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc.; Seattle Sportsman's Conservation Foundation-Safari Club International; Wolverine Foundation, Inc.; Wilburforce Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada; Wildlife Research and Management, WRAM FX Our research was funded by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Alaska Trappers Association, American Wildlife Conservation Foundation, Inc., Campion Foundation, D. Pedersen, Milwaukee Zoo, Minnesota Zoo, Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc., Seattle Sportsman's Conservation Foundation-Safari Club International, The Wolverine Foundation, Inc., Wilburforce Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, and Wildlife Research and Management, WRAM. D. Benitz provided logistical support, assistance in the field, and expertise in wolverine trapping. S. and F. Nelson shared information on wolverines in the study area. We thank J. Long for administration of grants and assistance with data management. D. Watts provided GIS expertise. M. Meucci, W. O'Brocta, and W. Malcom provided logistical support and assistance in the field. We thank trappers and hunters who provided bait for our traps. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the United States government. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 604 EP 611 DI 10.1002/jwmg.79 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800016 ER PT J AU Whitney, LW Anthony, RG Jackson, DH AF Whitney, Lowell W. Anthony, Robert G. Jackson, Dewaine H. TI Resource Partitioning Between Sympatric Columbian White-Tailed and Black-Tailed Deer in Western Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black-tailed deer; Columbian white-tailed deer; diets; habitat use; resource partitioning; spatial distributions; western Oregon ID EVALUATING GRAZING STRATEGIES; MULE DEER; NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; NICHE SEPARATION; CATTLE DEER; COMPETITION; OVERLAP AB We studied resource partitioning between sympatric populations of Columbian white-tailed (CWTD; Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) and black-tailed (BWTD) deer (O. odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in western Oregon to understand potential mechanisms of coexistence. We used horseback transects to describe spatial distributions, population overlap, and habitat use for both species, and we studied diets with microhistological analysis of fecal samples. Distribution patterns indicated that white-tailed and black-tailed deer maintained spatial separation during most seasons with spatial overlap ranging from 5%-40% seasonally. Coefficients of species association were negative, suggesting a pattern of mutual avoidance. White-tailed deer were more concentrated in the southern portions of the study area, which was characterized by lower elevations, more gradual slopes, and close proximity to streams. Black-tailed deer were more wide ranging and tended to occur in the northern portions of the study area, which had higher elevations and greater topographical variation. Habitat use of different vegetative assemblages was similar between white-tailed and black-tailed deer with overlap ranging from 89%-96% seasonally. White-tailed deer used nearly all habitats available on the study area except those associated with conifers. White-tailed deer used oak-hardwood savanna shrub, open grassland, oak-hardwood savanna, and riparian habitats the most. Black-tailed deer exhibited high use for open grassland and oak-hardwood savanna shrub habitats and lower use of all others. The 2 subspecies also exhibited strong seasonal similarities in diets with overlap ranging from 89% to 95%. White-tailed deer diets were dominated by forbs, shrubs, grasses, and other food sources (e. g., nuts and lichens). Columbian black-tailed deer diets were dominated mostly by forbs and other food sources. Seasonal diet diversity followed similar patterns for both species with the most diverse diets occurring in fall and the least diverse diets in spring. High overlap in habitat use and diets resulted in high trophic overlap (81-85%) between white-tailed and black-tailed deer; however, the low spatial overlap reduced the potential for exploitative competition but may have been indicative of inference competition between the species. Diverse habitat and forage opportunities were available on the study area due to heterogeneous landscape characteristics, which allowed ecological separation between white-tailed and black-tailed deer despite similarities in diets and habitat use. We make several recommendations for management of CWTD, a previously threatened species, based on the results of our study. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jackson, Dewaine H.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. RP Whitney, LW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Ecol Serv, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. EM robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; BLM; Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Oregon State University Agricultural Extension Unit; Oregon Black-tailed Deer Foundation; White-tails Unlimited FX This project was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, BLM, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University Agricultural Extension Unit, Oregon Black-tailed Deer Foundation, and White-tails Unlimited. We especially thank the BLM for allowing us to conduct research on the NBHMA and for providing equipment and technical assistance. We thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing equipment and field technicians. We are grateful for the field assistance of R. Petersen, A. Coughlan, and A. Reed. We thank M. Black, S. Denny, R. Holmes, J. Klein, J. Mires, D. Peterson, J. Ritter, and many other agency personnel for encouragement and support of the study. B. Collier, B. Coblentz, P. Kjellander, M. Ricca, and W. Smith provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 631 EP 645 DI 10.1002/jwmg.78 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800019 ER PT J AU Williams, BL Holtfreter, RW Ditchkoff, SS Grand, JB AF Williams, Brian L. Holtfreter, Robert W. Ditchkoff, Stephen S. Grand, James B. TI Efficiency of Time-Lapse Intervals and Simple Baits for Camera Surveys of Wild Pigs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bait; camera surveys; Fort Benning; Georgia; Sus scrofa; wild pigs ID FERAL PIGS; POPULATION AB Growing concerns surrounding established and expanding populations of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) have created the need for rapid and accurate surveys of these populations. We conducted surveys of a portion of the wild pig population on Fort Benning, Georgia, to determine if a longer time-lapse interval than had been previously used in surveys of wild pigs would generate similar detection results. We concurrently examined whether use of soured corn at camera sites affected the time necessary for pigs to locate a new camera site or the time pigs remained at a site. Our results suggest that a 9-min time-lapse interval generated dependable detection results for pigs and that soured corn neither attracted pigs to a site any quicker than plain, dry, whole-kernel corn, nor held them at a site longer. Maximization of time-lapse interval should decrease data and processing loads, and use of a simple, available bait should decrease cost and effort associated with more complicated baits; combination of these concepts should increase efficiency of wild pig surveys. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Williams, Brian L.; Holtfreter, Robert W.; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Williams, BL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM graycal6pb@aol.com FU United States Department of Defense, Fort Benning Military Reservation; School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and Center for Forest Sustainability, Auburn University; Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank G. Brooks, S. Abrams and T. Hess for their invaluable assistance collecting data. Funding for this research was provided by the United States Department of Defense, Fort Benning Military Reservation. Additional support was provided by the School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and Center for Forest Sustainability, Auburn University, and the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 655 EP 659 DI 10.1002/jwmg.75 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800021 ER PT J AU Cunningham, MA Johnson, DH AF Cunningham, Mary Ann Johnson, Douglas H. TI Seeking Parsimony in Landscape Metrics SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE area sensitivity; birds; fragmentation; habitat selection; landscape; landscape composition; landscape configuration; landscape metrics; patch size; percentage cover ID BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS; NORTH-DAKOTA; AREA SENSITIVITY; FOREST SONGBIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; GRASSLAND; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; EDGE AB Numerous metrics describing landscape patterns have been used to explain landscape-scale habitat selection by birds. The myriad metrics, their complexity, and inconsistent responses to them by birds have led to a lack of clear recommendations for managing land for desired species. The amount of a target land cover type in the landscape (percentage cover) often has been a useful indicator of the likelihood of species occurrence or of habitat selection; is it also a more adequate and parsimonious measure for explaining species distributions than patch size or more complex measures of landscape configuration? We examined responses of 6 woodland-interior bird species to the percentage tree cover within prescribed areas and to patch size, edge density, and other metrics. We examined responses in 2 landscapes: a mixed woodland-savanna and an eastern deciduous forest. For these 6 species, percentage tree cover explained bird occurrence as well as or better than other measures in both study areas. We then repeated the analysis on a larger group of woodland species, including those associated with woodland edges. The bird species we studied had varied responses to landscape metrics, but percentage tree cover was the strongest explanatory variable overall. Although percentage cover estimated from remotely sensed data is an inexact representation of habitat in the landscape, it does appear to be reliable and easy to conceptualize, relative to other measures. We suggest that, at least for woodland habitat, percentage cover is a broadly useful measure that can be helpful in pragmatic questions of explaining responses to landscapes or in anticipating responses to landscape change. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Cunningham, Mary Ann] Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cunningham, MA (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. EM macunningham@vassar.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 692 EP 701 DI 10.1002/jwmg.85 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800026 ER PT J AU Cariappa, CA Oakleaf, JK Ballard, WB Breck, SW AF Cariappa, C. A. Oakleaf, John K. Ballard, Warren B. Breck, Stewart W. TI A Reappraisal of the Evidence for Regulation of Wolf Populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE numerical response; prey limitation regulation; Type 1; Type 2; Type 3; wolves ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; MOUNTAIN LIONS; WOLVES; SIZE AB The dogma that gray wolf (Canis lupus) population densities in naturally occurring systems are limited almost solely by available ungulate biomass is based upon studies that fit straight line linear regressions (Type 1 numerical response) to data collected at 32 sites across North America. We fit Type 1, 2, and 3 response functions to the data using linear and nonlinear regression as appropriate and found that the evidence supported wolf population regulation by density-dependence as much as limitation by prey availability. When we excluded 4 of 32 points from the original data set because those points represented exploited or expanding wolf populations the data suggested that wolf populations are self regulated rather than limited by prey biomass by at least a 3:1 margin. In establishing goals for sustainable wolf population levels, managers of wolf reintroductions and species recovery efforts should account for the possibility that some regulatory mechanism plays an important role in wolf population dynamics. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Cariappa, C. A.; Ballard, Warren B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Oakleaf, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mexican Wolf Field Projects Coordinator, Alpine, AZ 85920 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Cariappa, CA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM warren.ballard@ttu.edu RI Bruskotter, Jeremy/B-3240-2012 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 726 EP 730 DI 10.1002/jwmg.74 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800031 ER PT J AU Demaso, SJ Hernandez, F Brennan, LA Bingham, RL AF Demaso, Stephen J. Hernandez, Fidel Brennan, Leonard A. Bingham, Ralph L. TI Application of the Simple Saddlepoint Approximation to Estimate Probability Distributions in Wildlife Research SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colinus virginianus; habitat suitability; northern bobwhite; probability distribution; simple saddlepoint approximation; skewness; variance ID STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; NORTHERN BOBWHITES; MANAGEMENT AB The simple saddlepoint approximation (SSA) uses the mean, variance, and skewness (a measure of the asymmetry of the distribution) of a data set to algebraically approximate the probability density function of a selected variable. We compared habitat-suitability bounds estimated with SSAs and continuous selection functions. Habitat-suitability bounds for bobwhite nesting based on the SSA method were biologically comparable to the results of the method based on continuous selection functions. The SSA approach allows habitat-suitability bounds to be estimated using algebra and can be calculated in computer spreadsheets. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Demaso, Stephen J.; Hernandez, Fidel; Brennan, Leonard A.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Bingham, Ralph L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Demaso, SJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM fidel.hernandez@tamuk.edu FU Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Texas State Council, South Texas, Houston, East Texas; Alamo Chapters of Quail Unlimited; George and Mary Josephine Hamman Foundation; Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Amy Shelton McNutt Charitable Trust; Amy Shelton McNutt Memorial Fund; Bob and Vivian Smith Foundation; The William A. and Madeline Welder Smith Foundation FX On 28 May 2010, Dr. Ralph L. Bingham passed away while fishing in Baffin Bay along the Texas Gulf Coast. Ralph was a teacher, mentor, colleague, and a friend to many of us who knew him. We will miss him. We thank the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and Texas A&M University-Kingsville for providing financial and logistical support. Cooperative funding was provided by the Texas State Council, South Texas, Houston, East Texas, and Alamo Chapters of Quail Unlimited; George and Mary Josephine Hamman Foundation; Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Amy Shelton McNutt Charitable Trust; Amy Shelton McNutt Memorial Fund; Bob and Vivian Smith Foundation; and The William A. and Madeline Welder Smith Foundation. We thank P. Doherty, F. S. Guthery, A. R. Litt, M. J. Peterson, J. P. Sands, and J. H. Matis for providing helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This manuscript is Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute publication number 10-121. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 740 EP 746 DI 10.1002/jwmg.80 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 769JD UT WOS:000291007800033 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Fike, JA AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Fike, Jennifer A. TI Characterization of small microsatellite loci isolated in endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) for use in non-invasive sampling SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Indiana bat; Microsatellite; Myotis sodalis; Non invasive sampling ID FECAL DNA; TRACKING AB Primers for 10 microsatellite loci were developed specifically to amplify low quantity and quality DNA in the endangered Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis). In a screen of 20 individuals from a population in Missouri, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from seven to 18 alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although two loci revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses and for use in mark-recapture studies that utilize DNA collected non-invasively from fecal pellets, which will ultimately aid in management efforts. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey in collaboration with the Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank S. Amelon for providing DNA samples, and J. Whitaker and D. Sparks for providing tissue samples. Additionally, we thank J. St John for her technical help on this project and L. Ellison and A. Piaggio for their helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 243 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9332-0 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761YG UT WOS:000290438700012 ER PT J AU Moyer, GR Williams, AS AF Moyer, G. R. Williams, A. S. TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for the oval pigtoe mussel, Pleurobema pyriforme (Lea 1857) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Freshwater mussel; Unionidae AB We isolated nine microsatellite loci from Pleurobema pyriforme, a freshwater mussel species currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. Eight loci were polymorphic with 2-15 alleles and observed heterozygosities of 0.130-0.957. All loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations and all pairs of loci showed no significant genotypic disequilibrium. These are the first isolated microsatellite loci for this species and will serve in ongoing conservation efforts of P. pyriforme. C1 [Moyer, G. R.; Williams, A. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, 5308 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM Greg_Moyer@fws.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 255 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9335-x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761YG UT WOS:000290438700015 ER PT J AU Ramirez, J Munguia-Vega, A Culver, M AF Ramirez, J. Munguia-Vega, A. Culver, M. TI Isolation of microsatellite loci from the lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID DNA; CURASOAE C1 [Ramirez, J.; Munguia-Vega, A.; Culver, M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ramirez, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, BioSci E 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM judithrm@email.arizona.edu FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; Bat Conservation International Scholarship; Wildlife Conservation Society FX We acknowledge the financial support from Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Fund Program, Bat Conservation International Scholarship, and Wildlife Conservation Society Research Fellowship. Thank you to Ronnie Sidner, Debbie Beucher, Karen Krebbs, Cora Varas and Carlos Chiquete for their help with sample collection. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 327 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9355-6 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761YG UT WOS:000290438700033 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Fike, JA Talley-Farnham, T Engelman, T Engelman, F AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Fike, Jennifer A. Talley-Farnham, Tiffany Engelman, Tena Engelman, Fred TI Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in the Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Broad-tailed Hummingbird; Family relationships; Microsatellites; Population genetics; Selasphorus platycercus AB The Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selaphorus platycercus) breeds at higher elevations in the central and southern Rockies, eastern California, and Mexico and has been studied for 8 years in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Questions regarding the relatedness of Broad-tailed Hummingbirds banded together and then recaptured in close time proximity in later years led us to isolate and develop primers for 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In a screen of 25 individuals from a population in Rocky Mountain National Park, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to 16 alleles. No loci were found to depart from linkage disequilibrium, although two loci revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These 10 microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses, investigation of mating systems and relatedness, and may help gain insight into the migration timing and routes for this species. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Talley-Farnham, Tiffany] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Engelman, Tena; Engelman, Fred] Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov FU National Park Service FX This work was funded by the National Park Service. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank J. St John for her technical help on this project and H. Earnest and J. Ruth for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD APR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 351 EP 353 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9360-9 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761YG UT WOS:000290438700038 ER PT J AU Stirling, I McDonald, TL Richardson, ES Regehr, EV Amstrup, SC AF Stirling, Ian McDonald, Trent L. Richardson, E. S. Regehr, Eric V. Amstrup, Steven C. TI Polar bear population status in the northern Beaufort Sea, Canada, 1971-2006 SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aboriginal hunting; Arctic; Beaufort Sea; climate warming; open-population capture-recapture models; polar bears; population estimation; sea ice; survival rates; Ursus maritimus ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; ICE COVER; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; PREDATION; SIZE; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; HABITAT AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the northern Beaufort Sea (NB) population occur on the perimeter of the polar basin adjacent to the northwestern islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Sea ice converges on the islands through most of the year. We used open-population capture-recapture models to estimate population size and vital rates of polar bears between 1971 and 2006 to: (1) assess relationships between survival, sex and age, and time period; (2) evaluate the long-term importance of sea ice quality and availability in relation to climate warming; and (3) note future management and conservation concerns. The highest-ranking models suggested that survival of polar bears varied by age class and with changes in the sea ice habitat. Model-averaged estimates of survival (which include harvest mortality) for senescent adults ranged from 0.37 to 0.62, from 0.22 to 0.68 for cubs of the year (COY) and yearlings, and from 0.77 to 0.92 for 2-4 year-olds and adults. Horvtiz-Thompson (HT) estimates of population size were not significantly different among the decades of our study. The population size estimated for the 2000s was 980 +/- 155 (mean and 95% CI). These estimates apply primarily to that segment of the NB population residing west and south of Banks Island. The NB polar bear population appears to have been stable or possibly increasing slightly during the period of our study. This suggests that ice conditions have remained suitable and similar for feeding in summer and fall during most years and that the traditional and legal Inuvialuit harvest has not exceeded sustainable levels. However, the amount of ice remaining in the study area at the end of summer, and the proportion that continues to lie over the biologically productive continental shelf (<300 m water depth) has declined over the 35-year period of this study. If the climate continues to warm as predicted, we predict that the polar bear population in the northern Beaufort Sea will eventually decline. Management and conservation practices for polar bears in relation to both aboriginal harvesting and offshore industrial activity will need to adapt. C1 [Stirling, Ian; Richardson, E. S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Stirling, Ian; Richardson, E. S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [McDonald, Trent L.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82070 USA. [Regehr, Eric V.; Amstrup, Steven C.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Stirling, I (reprint author), Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div, 5320-122nd St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. EM ian.stirling@ec.gc.ca RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 FU Canadian Wildlife Service; Polar Continental Shelf Project; USGS Alaska Science Center; Inuvialuit Game Council; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; National Fish and Wildlife Federation (Washington, D.C., USA); Polar Bears International; University of Alberta; Parks Canada; Northern Science Training Fund; U.S. Geological Survey FX We are particularly grateful to the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Polar Continental Shelf Project, the USGS Alaska Science Center, the Inuvialuit Game Council, the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the National Fish and Wildlife Federation (Washington, D.C., USA), Polar Bears International, the University of Alberta, Parks Canada, and the Northern Science Training Fund for their support of this project. David Haogak provided logistical assistance for all work based out of Sachs Harbor. We also thank Dennis Andriashek, Andrew Derocher, Seth Cherry, Earl Esau, Tony Green, Wayne Gordy, Benedikt Gudmundsson, the late Charlie Haogak, Max Kotokak, John Lucas, David, Joe and Eli Nasogaluak, Fred Raddi, Greg Thiemann, John Thorsteinsson, and Mike Woodcock for their assistance in the field. We thank Dennis Andriashek, Wendy Calvert, Cheryl Spencer, and Elaine Street for assistance in the laboratory. Funding for this analysis was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Reviews by Jim Estes and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful constructive criticism of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 14 U2 95 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 859 EP 876 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764VA UT WOS:000290661300018 PM 21639050 ER PT J AU Duffy, WG Kahara, SN AF Duffy, Walter G. Kahara, Sharon N. TI Wetland ecosystem services in California's Central Valley and implications for the Wetland Reserve Program SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE birds; Central Valley, California; conservation programs; invertebrates; water quality; wetlands ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AQUATIC BIRDS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; WATER-QUALITY; VERNAL POOLS; GRASSLANDS; MANAGEMENT; SELENIUM; RIVER; USA AB Primary ecosystem services provided by freshwater wetlands in the California Central Valley, USA, include water quality improvement, biodiversity support, and flood storage capacity. We describe these services for freshwater marshes, vernal pools, and riparian wetlands and the implications for wetlands restored under USDA programs in the Central Valley. California's Central Valley is a large sedimentary basin that was once covered by grasslands, extensive riparian forests, and freshwater marshes that today have been converted to one of the most intensive agricultural areas on earth. Remaining freshwater wetlands have been heavily altered, and most are intensively managed. Nitrogen loading from agriculture to surface and groundwater in the Central Valley was estimated to be 34.7 x 10(6) kg N/yr. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in the Central Valley was estimated to be 44.3 x 10(6) kg N/yr, of which similar to 1.5 x 10(6) kg N/yr was introduced directly to wetlands. Our analysis indicates that wetlands enrolled in the USDA Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) may potentially denitrify the NO3-N load from relatively unpolluted source water in < 18 days, but the potential to denitrify the NO3-N load from highly polluted source water is uncertain. Water management strongly influences use, diversity, and abundance of avian fauna as well as other biota. Freshwater marshes in the region continue to support important populations of breeding and wintering waterfowl and shorebirds whose populations fluctuate seasonally. Avian diversity in the little remaining area of Central Valley's riparian wetlands is also high and influenced by stand maturity, heterogeneity, and diversity. USDA conservation practices that promote these characteristics may support avian diversity. Effects of USDA conservation practices on non-avian fauna are poorly understood and warrant further study. C1 [Duffy, Walter G.; Kahara, Sharon N.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Duffy, WG (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM Walter.Duffy@humboldt.edu FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service through the USDA Forest Service [06-DG-11132650] FX We thank Diane Eckles, Stephen Faulkner, Robert Gleason, Norman Melvin, and three anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This project was funded in part by grant number 06-DG-11132650 from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service to the Ecological Society of America, through the USDA Forest Service. We received additional support the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Humboldt State University, and the U. S. Geological Survey, California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The use of trade or firm names in this paper is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement by the USDA of any product or service. NR 81 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 126 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 SU S BP S18 EP S30 DI 10.1890/09-1338.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764UU UT WOS:000290660700003 ER PT J AU Euliss, NH Smith, LM Liu, SG Duffy, WG Faulkner, SP Gleason, RA Eckles, SD AF Euliss, Ned H., Jr. Smith, Loren M. Liu, Shuguang Duffy, Walter G. Faulkner, Stephen P. Gleason, Robert A. Eckles, S. Diane TI Integrating estimates of ecosystem services from conservation programs and practices into models for decision makers SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); ecological forecasting; ecosystem services; land use; modeling; wetlands AB Most government agencies involved in land management are seeking consistent approaches to evaluate the effects of specific management actions on ecological processes and concurrent changes on ecosystem services. This is especially true within the context of anthropogenic influences, such as land use and climate change. The Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Wetlands National Component (CEAP-Wetlands) was developed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to evaluate effects of conservation practices on ecosystem services including carbon sequestration for climate stability, groundwater recharge, runoff and flood attenuation, water storage, nutrient and contaminant retention, and wildlife habitat. A primary purpose of CEAP-Wetlands is to provide science-based information in an adaptive monitoring framework for use by the USDA to facilitate policy and management decisions, and to document effects of conservation programs and practices to the federal Office of Management and Budget. Herein, we propose a modeling framework to allow estimation of conservation practice and program effects on various ecosystem services at different temporal and spatial scales. This modeling approach provides the broad view needed by decision-makers to avoid unintended negative environmental outcomes, and to communicate to society the positive effects of conservation actions on a broad suite of ecosystem services. C1 [Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Gleason, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Smith, Loren M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Duffy, Walter G.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Faulkner, Stephen P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Eckles, S. Diane] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Resource Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM ceuliss@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 SU S BP S128 EP S134 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764UU UT WOS:000290660700010 ER PT J AU Gleason, RA Euliss, NH Tangen, BA Laubhan, MK Browne, BA AF Gleason, R. A. Euliss, N. H., Jr. Tangen, B. A. Laubhan, M. K. Browne, B. A. TI USDA conservation program and practice effects on wetland ecosystem services in the Prairie Pothole Region SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon; conservation; ecosystem services; grasslands; prairie potholes; restoration; sedimentation; soil erosion; wetlands; wildlife ID NORTH-DAKOTA; SEED BANKS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GRASSLAND BIRDS; SEDIMENT LOAD; SOUTH-DAKOTA; WILDLIFE HABITAT; RESERVE PROGRAM; SOIL EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES AB Implementation of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) has resulted in the restoration of >2 million ha of wetland and grassland habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Restoration of habitats through these programs provides diverse ecosystem services to society, but few investigators have evaluated the environmental benefits achieved by these programs. We describe changes in wetland processes, functions, and ecosystem services that occur when wetlands and adjacent uplands on agricultural lands are restored through Farm Bill conservation programs. At the scale of wetland catchments, projects have had positive impacts on water storage, reduction in sedimentation and nutrient loading, plant biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and wildlife habitat. However, lack of information on the geographic location of restored catchments relative to landscape-level factors (e. g., watershed, proximity to rivers and lakes) limits interpretation of ecosystem services that operate at multiple scales such as floodwater retention, water quality improvement, and wildlife habitat suitability. Considerable opportunity exists for the USDA to incorporate important landscape factors to better target conservation practices and programs to optimize diverse ecosystem services. Restoration of hydrologic processes within wetlands (e. g., hydroperiod, water level dynamics) also requires a better understanding of the influence of conservation cover composition and structure, and management practices that occur in uplands surrounding wetlands. Although conservation programs have enhanced delivery of ecosystem services in the PPR, the use of programs to provide long-term critical ecosystem services is uncertain because when contracts (especially CRP) expire, economic incentives may favor conversion of land to crop production, rather than reenrollment. As demands for agricultural products (food, fiber, biofuel) increase, Farm Bill conservation programs will become increasingly important to ensure provisioning of ecosystem services to society, especially in agriculturally dominated landscapes. Thus, continued development and support for conservation programs legislated through the Farm Bill will require a more comprehensive understanding of wetland ecological services to better evaluate program achievements relative to conservation goals. C1 [Gleason, R. A.; Euliss, N. H., Jr.; Tangen, B. A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Laubhan, M. K.] Kansas Dept Wildlife & Parks, Pratt, KS 67124 USA. [Browne, B. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Gleason, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM rgleason@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Financial assistance for development of this product was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Diane Eckles, Loren Smith, and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 141 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 9 U2 113 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 SU S BP S65 EP S81 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764UU UT WOS:000290660700006 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Haukos, DA McMurry, ST LaGrange, T Willis, D AF Smith, Loren M. Haukos, David A. McMurry, Scott T. LaGrange, Ted Willis, David TI Ecosystem services provided by playas in the High Plains: potential influences of USDA conservation programs SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation programs; High Plains, USA; hydroperiod; playas; sediment; wetlands ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LAND-USE; GREAT-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; POLYGONUM-PENSYLVANICUM; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; WETLAND MANAGEMENT; NORTHERN PINTAILS; LAKES REGION; BODY-SIZE AB Playas are shallow depressional wetlands and the dominant wetland type in the non-glaciated High Plains of the United States. This region is one of the most intensively cultivated regions in the Western Hemisphere, and playas are profoundly impacted by a variety of agricultural activities. Conservation practices promoted through Farm Bills by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that influence playas and surrounding catchments impact ecosystem functions and related services provided by wetlands in this region. As part of a national assessment, we review effects of agricultural cultivation and effectiveness of USDA conservation programs and practices on ecosystem functions and associated services of playas. Services provided by playas are influenced by hydrological function, and unlike other wetland types in the United States, hydrological function of playas is impacted more by accumulated sediments than drainage. Most playas with cultivated catchments have lost greater than 100% of their volume from sedimentation causing reduced hydroperiods. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has the largest influence on playa catchments (the High Plains has >2.8 million ha), and associated sedimentation, of any USDA program. Unfortunately, most practices applied under CRP did not consider restoration of playa ecosystem function as a primary benefit, but rather established dense exotic grass in the watersheds to reduce soil erosion. Although this has reduced soil erosion, few studies have investigated its effects on playa hydrological function and services. Our review demonstrates that the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) has seldom been applied in the High Plains outside of south-central Nebraska. However, this is the primary program that exists within the USDA allowing conservation practices that restore wetland hydrology such as sediment removal. In addition to sediment removal, this practice has the greatest potential effect on improving hydrologic function by reducing sedimentation in vegetative buffer strips. We estimate that a 50-m nativegrass buffer strip could improve individual playa hydroperiods by up to 90 days annually, enhancing delivery of most natural playa services. The potential for restoration of playa services using USDA programs is extensive, but only if WRP and associated practices are promoted and playas are considered an integral part of CRP contracts. C1 [Smith, Loren M.; McMurry, Scott T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [LaGrange, Ted] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Willis, David] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM loren.smith@okstate.edu FU Natural Resources Conservation Service through CEAP-Wetlands; U.S. EPA [R-82964101-0]; National Science Foundation (DMS) [0201105] FX We thank the Natural Resources Conservation Service through CEAP-Wetlands for financial assistance. Oklahoma State University, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission also provided assistance. Andy Bishop provided GIS data and interpretation. Tim McCoy, Jill Baron, Diane Eckles, Randy Stutheit, and two anonymous referees provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Mindy Rice provided mapping and GIS expertise. Partial funding was provided by the U.S. EPA, project R-82964101-0 and the National Science Foundation (DMS number 0201105). NR 66 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 SU S BP S82 EP S92 DI 10.1890/09-1133.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764UU UT WOS:000290660700007 ER PT J AU Guarini, JM Chauvaud, L Cloern, JE Clavier, J Coston-Guarini, J Patry, Y AF Guarini, Jean-Marc Chauvaud, Laurent Cloern, James E. Clavier, Jacques Coston-Guarini, Jennifer Patry, Yann TI Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pecten maximus; Ectotherms; Daily growth rate; Growth dynamic; Compensatory growth ID ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; SCALLOP PECTEN-MAXIMUS; INTRINSIC GROWTH; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; TRADE-OFFS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; BREST FRANCE; EVOLUTION; TEMPERATURE; PREDATION AB Generally, growth rates of living organisms are considered to be at steady state, varying only under environmental forcing factors. For example, these rates may be described as a function of light for plants or organic food resources for animals and these could be regulated (or not) by temperature or other conditions. But, what are the consequences for an individual's growth (and also for the population growth) if growth rate variations are themselves dynamic and not steady state? For organisms presenting phases of dormancy or long periods of stress, this is a crucial question. A dynamic perspective for quantifying short-term growth was explored using the daily growth record of the scallop Pecten maximus (L). This species is a good biological model for ectotherm growth because the shell records growth striae daily. Independently, a generic mathematical function representing the dynamics of mean daily growth rate (MDGR) was implemented to simulate a diverse set of growth patterns. Once the function was calibrated with the striae patterns, the growth rate dynamics appeared as a forced damped oscillation during the growth period having a basic periodicity during two transitory phases (mean duration 43 days) and appearing at both growth start and growth end. This phase is most likely due to the internal dynamics of energy transfer within the organism rather than to external forcing factors. After growth restart, the transitory regime represents successive phases of over-growth and regulation. This pattern corresponds to a typical representation of compensatory growth, which from an evolutionary perspective can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to coping with a fluctuating environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chauvaud, Laurent; Clavier, Jacques; Patry, Yann] Technopole Brest Iroise, IUEM, UBO, CNRS,UMR 6539, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Guarini, Jean-Marc; Coston-Guarini, Jennifer] UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France. [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chauvaud, L (reprint author), Technopole Brest Iroise, IUEM, UBO, CNRS,UMR 6539, Pl Copern, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM laurent.chauvaud@univ-brest.fr OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 FU ANR-Blanc (Agence Nationale de la Recherche); U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and Place-Base Program FX This study was supported by the French program ANR-Blanc (Agence Nationale de la Recherche - CHIVAS project) and the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and Place-Base Program. Laurent Chauvaud extends his deepest appreciation to the staff at the USGS - Menlo Park facility. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2011.02.001 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 766ZX UT WOS:000290826200004 ER PT J AU Niroomand, S Goldfarb, R Moore, F Mohajjel, M Marsh, E AF Niroomand, Shojaeddin Goldfarb, Richard J. Moore, Farid Mohajjel, Mohammad Marsh, Erin E. TI The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: geological, structural, and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in West Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Kharapeh; Epizonal orogenic gold; Zagros orogeny; Sanandaj-Sirjan; Iran ID SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE; SYNTHETIC FLUID INCLUSIONS; BIMODAL PIRANSHAHR MASSIF; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; ZAGROS OROGEN; EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION; SUBDUCTION; QUARTZ; BELT AB The Kharapeh gold deposit is located along the northwestern margin of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ) in the West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is an epizonal orogenic gold deposit formed within the deformed zone between central Iran and the Arabian plate during the Cretaceous-Tertiary Zagros orogeny. The deposit area is underlain by Cretaceous schist and marble, as well as altered andesite and dacite dikes. Structural analysis indicates that the rocks underwent tight to isoclinal recumbent folding and were subsequently co-axially refolded to upright open folds during a second deformation. Late- to post-tectonic Cenozoic granites and granodiorites occur northeast of the deposit area. Mineralization mainly is recognized within NW-trending extensional structures as veins and breccia zones. Normal faults, intermediate dikes, and quartz veins, oriented subparallel to the axial surface of the Kharapeh antiform, indicate synchronous extension perpendicular to the fold axis during the second folding event. The gold-bearing quartz veins are > 1 km in length and average about 6 m in width; breccia zones are 10-50 m in length and <= 1 m in width. Hydrothermal alteration mainly consists of silicification, sulfidation, chloritization, sericitization, and carbonatization. Paragenetic relationships indicate three distinct stages-replacement and silicification, brecciation and fracture filling, and cataclastic brecciation-with the latter two being gold-rich. Fluid inclusion data suggest mineral deposition at temperatures of at least 220-255 degrees C and depths of at least 1.4-1.8 km, from a H(2)O-CO(2)+/- CH(4) fluid of relatively high salinity (12-14 wt.% NaCl equiv.), which may reflect metamorphism of passive margin carbonate sequences. Ore fluid delta(18)O values between about 7aEuro degrees and 9aEuro degrees suggest no significant meteoric water input, despite gold deposition in a relatively shallow epizonal environment. Similarities to other deposits in the SSZ suggest that the deposit formed as part of a diachronous gold event during the middle to late Tertiary throughout the SSZ and during the final stages of the Zagros orogeny. The proximity of Kharapeh to the main tectonic suture of the orogen, well-developed regional fold systems with superimposed complex fracture geometries, and recognition of nearby volcanogenic massive sulfide systems that suggest a region characterized by sulfur- and metal-rich crustal rocks, collectively indicate an area of the SSZ with high favorability for undiscovered gold resources. C1 [Goldfarb, Richard J.; Marsh, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Niroomand, Shojaeddin; Moore, Farid] Shiraz Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Shiraz, Iran. [Mohajjel, Mohammad] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Tehran, Iran. RP Marsh, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM emarsh@usgs.gov FU Geological Survey of Iran FX This study was financially supported by research funds from the Geological Survey of Iran. We gratefully thank Ryan Taylor of the USGS for assistance and some laboratory analyses. Thanks are also extended to the Shiraz University research committee for various support. Dr M. Berberian is thanked for critically reading the manuscript, as well as referees Steffen Hagemann and Olivo Gema for improving an earlier version, and editor Bernd Lehmann for additional constructive comments. Final reviews by Garth Graham and Ryan Taylor are also appreciated. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD APR PY 2011 VL 46 IS 4 BP 409 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s00126-011-0335-x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 763HF UT WOS:000290545500005 ER PT J AU Williams, KA Frederick, PC Nichols, JD AF Williams, Kathryn A. Frederick, Peter C. Nichols, James D. TI Use of the superpopulation approach to estimate breeding population size: an example in asynchronously breeding birds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ardea; asynchrony; bias; Eudocimus; Everglades; Jolly-Seber; mark-recapture; nest turnover; peak count; population size; superpopulation; waders ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; MARK-RECAPTURE; COLONIES; NESTS; BIAS; SUCCESS; NUMBERS; COUNTS; MODEL AB Many populations of animals are fluid in both space and time, making estimation of numbers difficult. Much attention has been devoted to estimation of bias in detection of animals that are present at the time of survey. However, an equally important problem is estimation of population size when all animals are not present on all survey occasions. Here, we showcase use of the superpopulation approach to capture-recapture modeling for estimating populations where group membership is asynchronous, and where considerable overlap in group membership among sampling occasions may occur. We estimate total population size of long-legged wading bird (Great Egret and White Ibis) breeding colonies from aerial observations of individually identifiable nests at various times in the nesting season. Initiation and termination of nests were analogous to entry and departure from a population. Estimates using the superpopulation approach were 47-382% larger than peak aerial counts of the same colonies. Our results indicate that the use of the superpopulation approach to model nesting asynchrony provides a considerably less biased and more efficient estimate of nesting activity than traditional methods. We suggest that this approach may also be used to derive population estimates in a variety of situations where group membership is fluid. C1 [Williams, Kathryn A.; Frederick, Peter C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Williams, KA (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM kate.williams@BRILoon.org FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank C. Hand, S. Edmonds, C. Enloe, K. Lung, S. Robinson, B. Shoger, K. Sieving, R. Smith, A. Spees, E. Trum, and most particularly J. Simon. We thank two anonymous referees for constructive comments on the manuscript. The field research was funded by a grant from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 821 EP 828 DI 10.1890/10-0137.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763DF UT WOS:000290533700004 PM 21661545 ER PT J AU Novak, M Wootton, JT Doak, DF Emmerson, M Estes, JA Tinker, MT AF Novak, Mark Wootton, J. Timothy Doak, Daniel F. Emmerson, Mark Estes, James A. Tinker, M. Timothy TI Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community matrix; disturbance; ecosystem-based management; interaction strengths; loop analysis; observation error; prediction uncertainty; press experiments ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; INTERACTION STRENGTH; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; INDETERMINACY; ROBUSTNESS; ABUNDANCE; SYSTEM AB How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from a limited knowledge of community interactions. We use empirically based and simulated networks of varying size and connectance to assess two limitations to predicting perturbation responses in multispecies communities: (1) the inaccuracy by which species interaction strengths are empirically quantified and (2) the indeterminacy of species responses due to indirect effects associated with network size and structure. We find that even modest levels of species richness and connectance (similar to 25 pairwise interactions) impose high requirements for interaction strength estimates because system indeterminacy rapidly overwhelms predictive insights. Nevertheless, even poorly estimated interaction strengths provide greater average predictive certainty than an approach that uses only the sign of each interaction. Our simulations provide guidance in dealing with the trade-offs involved in maximizing the utility of network approaches for predicting dynamics in multispecies communities. C1 [Novak, Mark; Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wootton, J. Timothy] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doak, Daniel F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Emmerson, Mark] Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Tinker, M. Timothy] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Novak, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mnovak1@ucsc.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Novak, Mark/E-2194-2012; Wootton, John/F-3191-2015 OI Wootton, John/0000-0002-7715-0344 FU EPA; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; freshwater ecology research group at UCSC FX This article was written as part of the "Conservation Planning for Ecosystem Functioning: Testing Predictions of Ecological Effectiveness for Marine Predators'' working group at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. We thank the other participants of this working group and Stefano Allesina for their contributions to early discussions. We also thank Jim Regetz for computer assistance, Jennifer Dunne for providing the empirical food web data, and Jonathan Moore, Jameal Samhouri, Kevin Lafferty, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on manuscript drafts. M. Novak acknowledges the support of an EPA STAR fellowship, the USGS Western Ecological Research Center, and the freshwater ecology research group at UCSC. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government or the university affiliations of the authors. NR 53 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 8 U2 66 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 836 EP 846 DI 10.1890/10-1354.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763DF UT WOS:000290533700006 PM 21661547 ER PT J AU Bled, F Royle, JA Cam, E AF Bled, Florent Royle, J. Andrew Cam, Emmanuelle TI Assessing hypotheses about nesting site occupancy dynamics SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black-legged Kittiwake; breeding success; Cap Sizun, Brittany, France; density; first colonization and recolonization probability; habitat selection; Rissa tridactyla; site occupancy ID BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; KITTIWAKE RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKE; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; PUBLIC INFORMATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; DISPERSAL; POPULATION; QUALITY AB Hypotheses about habitat selection developed in the evolutionary ecology framework assume that individuals, under some conditions, select breeding habitat based on expected fitness in different habitat. The relationship between habitat quality and fitness may be reflected by breeding success of individuals, which may in turn be used to assess habitat quality. Habitat quality may also be assessed via local density: if high-quality sites are preferentially used, high density may reflect high-quality habitat. Here we assessed whether site occupancy dynamics vary with site surrogates for habitat quality. We modeled nest site use probability in a seabird subcolony (the Black-legged Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla) over a 20-year period. We estimated site persistence (an occupied site remains occupied from time t to t + 1) and colonization through two subprocesses: first colonization (site creation at the timescale of the study) and recolonization (a site is colonized again after being deserted). Our model explicitly incorporated site-specific and neighboring breeding success and conspecific density in the neighborhood. Our results provided evidence that reproductively "successful'' sites have a higher persistence probability than "unsuccessful'' ones. Analyses of site fidelity in marked birds and of survival probability showed that high site persistence predominantly reflects site fidelity, not immediate colonization by new owners after emigration or death of previous owners. There is a negative quadratic relationship between local density and persistence probability. First colonization probability decreases with density, whereas recolonization probability is constant. This highlights the importance of distinguishing initial colonization and recolonization to understand site occupancy. All dynamics varied positively with neighboring breeding success. We found evidence of a positive interaction between site-specific and neighboring breeding success. We addressed local population dynamics using a site occupancy approach integrating hypotheses developed in behavioral ecology to account for individual decisions. This allows development of models of population and metapopulation dynamics that explicitly incorporate ecological and evolutionary processes. C1 [Bled, Florent; Cam, Emmanuelle] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. [Bled, Florent; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bled, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM fbled@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 938 EP 951 DI 10.1890/10-0392.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763DF UT WOS:000290533700015 PM 21661556 ER PT J AU Smith, JB Van Vuren, DH Kelt, DA Johnson, ML AF Smith, Jaya B. Van Vuren, Dirk H. Kelt, Douglas A. Johnson, Michael L. TI SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS, GLAUCOMYS SABRINUS: TERRITORIALITY IN FEMALES? SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT-USE; SIERRA-NEVADA; SPOTTED OWLS; MAMMALS; OREGON; VOLANS; TREES; SIZE AB We determined home-range overlap among northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) to assess their spatial organization. We found extensive home-range overlap among females, and though this overlap could reflect social behavior we found no evidence of attraction among females, with only one instance of den sharing. Instead, our results suggest that females share foraging areas but may be territorial in portions of the home range, especially around den trees and during young-rearing. Home-range overlap could also result from the extrinsic effect of forest fragmentation due to timber harvest, which might impede dispersal and force squirrels to cluster on remaining fragments of suitable habitat. C1 [Smith, Jaya B.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.; Kelt, Douglas A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Smith, JB (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jayarsmith@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank Kyle Felker and Ross Gerard of the USDA Forest Service for their support and expertise with ArcGIS and mapping, Janet Foley and Nate Nieto for assistance with anesthetic protocols, members of our field crew for their dedication and hard work (especially Heidi Schott, Sean Connelly, Brett Jesmer, Paul Smotherman, and Sean Bogle), and Robin Innes for critical field support. We also thank the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station for funding this project. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764BC UT WOS:000290602400007 ER PT J AU Zeigenfuss, LC Schoenecker, KA Van Amburg, LK AF Zeigenfuss, Linda C. Schoenecker, Kathryn A. Van Amburg, Lisa K. TI UNGULATE HERBIVORY ON ALPINE WILLOW IN THE SANGRE DE CRISTO MOUNTAINS OF COLORADO SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ELK WINTER RANGE; MIGRATORY UNGULATE; TUNDRA PLANTS; RESPONSES; WATER; DEFOLIATION; GROWTH; ROADS AB In many areas of the Rocky Mountains, elk (Cervus elaphus) migrate from low-elevation mountain valleys during spring to high-elevation subalpine and alpine areas for the summer. Research has focused on the impacts of elk herbivory on winter-range plant communities, particularly on woody species such as willow and aspen; however, little information is available on the effects of elk herbivory on alpine willows. In the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of south central Colorado, select alpine arms appear to receive high levels of summer elk herbivory, while other areas are nearly unbrowsed. In 2005 and 2008, we measured willow height, covet; and utilization on sites that appeared to be used heavily by elk, as well as on sites that appeared to be used lightly, to determine differences between these communities over time. We found less willow cover and shorter willows at sites that received higher levels of browsing compared to those that had lower levels of browsing. Human recreational use was greater at lightly browsed sites than at highly browsed sites. From 2005 to 2008, willow utilization declined, and willow cover and height increased at sites with heavy browsing, likely owing to ownership change of adjacent valley land which led to (1) removal of grazing competition from cattle at valley locations and (2) increased human use in alpine areas, which displaced elk. We discuss the implications of increased human use and climate change on elk use of these alpine habitats. C1 [Zeigenfuss, Linda C.; Schoenecker, Kathryn A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Zeigenfuss, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 BP 86 EP 96 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764BC UT WOS:000290602400012 ER PT J AU Manning, T Hagar, JC AF Manning, Tom Hagar, Joan C. TI USE OF NONALPINE ANTHROPOGENIC HABITATS BY AMERICAN PIKAS (OCHOTONA PRINCEPS) IN WESTERN OREGON SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BASIN; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; INDICATOR; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; MAMMALS; CLIMATE; NEVADA AB The American pika (Ochotona princeps Richardson) has long been characterized in field guides and popular literature as an obligate inhabitant of alpine talus and as having relatively low dispersal capability However, recent work reveals pikes to have broader habitat associations than previously reported. Over a large portion of the western slope of the Cascade Range in Oregon, pikas inhabit relatively low-elevation sites far from alpine areas and frequently occur in rocky man-made habitats such as roalcuts or rock quarries. We present observations of pikes in these previously overlooked habitats and discuss implications for (1) the proposed listing of the American pika as an endangered or threatened species; (2) furthering our understanding of pika population dynamics, habitat associations, and dispersal capabilites; and (3) management of federal, state, and private forest lands. C1 [Manning, Tom] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hagar, Joan C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manning, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tom.manning@oregonstate.edu NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764BC UT WOS:000290602400014 ER PT J AU Kelley, SW AF Kelley, Samuel W. TI HYPERKYPHOSIS IN LONGNOSE GAR (LEPISOSTEUS OSSEUS) OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED GAR; FISH; GROWTH; BIOMARKERS; OCULATUS; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT; EXPOSURE; LIVER; AGE AB Two mature female longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) exhibiting severe hyperkyphotic spinal deformities were captured during the 2010 spring spawn at Lake Arrowhead, Clay County, Texas. Yet, despite their deformities and impaired motility, both longnose gar were in overall good condition. Hyperkyphosis in both longnose gar resulted from fused trunk vertebrae in the affected areas. Results of morphological examinations and computerized tomography (CT) scans showed no evidence of injury-induced responses and suggested a congenital Or possibly environmentally induced aetiology for disruption of the normal vertebral segmentation process. C1 US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA. RP Kelley, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3010 Buchanan St, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA. EM skelley@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764BC UT WOS:000290602400018 ER PT J AU Brosten, TR Day-Lewis, FD Schultz, GM Curtis, GP Lane, JW AF Brosten, Troy R. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Schultz, Gregory M. Curtis, Gary P. Lane, John W., Jr. TI Inversion of multi-frequency electromagnetic induction data for 3D characterization of hydraulic conductivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic induction; Inverse modeling; Petrophysical relationships; Hydraulic conductivity; Electrical conductivity ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; DEPTH PROFILES; SALINITY; RESISTIVITY; SEDIMENTS; RECHARGE; SURFACE; MODELS AB Electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments provide rapid, noninvasive, and spatially dense data for characterization of soil and groundwater properties. Data from multi-frequency EMI tools can be inverted to provide quantitative electrical conductivity estimates as a function of depth. In this study, multi-frequency EMI data collected across an abandoned uranium mill site near Naturita, Colorado, USA, are inverted to produce vertical distribution of electrical conductivity (EC) across the site. The relation between measured apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and hydraulic conductivity (K) is weak (correlation coefficient of 0.20), whereas the correlation between the depth dependent EC obtained from the inversions, and K is sufficiently strong to be used for hydrologic estimation (correlation coefficient of -0.62). Depth-specific EC values were correlated with co-located K measurements to develop a site-specific In(EC)-In(K) relation. This petrophysical relation was applied to produce a spatially detailed map of K across the study area. A synthetic example based on ECa values at the site was used to assess model resolution and correlation loss given variations in depth and/or measurement error. Results from synthetic modeling indicate that optimum correlation with K occurs at similar to 0.5 m followed by a gradual correlation loss of 90% at 2.3 m. These results are consistent with an analysis of depth of investigation (DOI) given the range of frequencies, transmitter-receiver separation, and measurement errors for the field data. DOIs were estimated at 2.0 +/- 0.5 m depending on the soil conductivities. A 4-layer model, with varying thicknesses, was used to invert the ECa to maximize available information within the aquifer region for improved correlations with K. Results show improved correlation between K and the corresponding inverted EC at similar depths, underscoring the importance of inversion in using multi-frequency EMI data for hydrologic estimation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Unit 5015, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Schultz, Gregory M.] Sky Res Inc, Hanover, NH USA. [Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brosten, Troy R.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Unit 5015, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM daylewis@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU U.S. Geological Survey; US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology and Groundwater Resources Programs, and the US Department of Energy Environmental Remediation Science Program. We thank Eric White (USGS) and John Ong (University of Nebraska) for valuable fieldwork assistance. The authors are grateful for helpful USGS colleague reviews from Carole Johnson and Burke Minsley (USGS); for peer reviews from Jeffrey Paine (U. Texas) and an anonymous reviewer; and for useful suggestions from editor Michel Chouteau. NR 69 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 EI 1879-1859 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD APR PY 2011 VL 73 IS 4 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.02.004 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 758SN UT WOS:000290186800003 ER PT J AU Reyes, AV Zazula, GD Kuzmina, S Ager, TA Froese, DG AF Reyes, Alberto V. Zazula, Grant D. Kuzmina, Svetlana Ager, Thomas A. Froese, Duane G. TI Identification of last interglacial deposits in eastern Beringia: a cautionary note from the Palisades, interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE eastern Beringia; last interglaciation; radiocarbon dating; palaeoecology; tephrochronology ID OLD CROW TEPHRA; YUKON-TERRITORY; NORTH-AMERICA; BIRCH CREEK; LOESS; VEGETATION; HISTORY; POLLEN; PERIOD; CHRONOLOGY AB Last interglacial sediments in unglaciated Alaska and Yukon (eastern Beringia) are commonly identified by palaeoecological indicators and stratigraphic position similar to 2-5m above the regionally prominent Old Crow tephra (124 +/- 10 ka). We demonstrate that this approach can yield erroneous age assignments using data from a new exposure at the Palisades, a site in interior Alaska with numerous exposures of last interglacial sediments. Tephrochronology, stratigraphy, plant macrofossils, pollen and fossil insects from a prominent wood-rich organic silt unit are all consistent with a last interglacial age assignment. However, six (14)C dates on plant and insect macrofossils from the organic silt range from non-finite to 4.0(14)C ka BP, indicating that the organic silt instead represents a Holocene deposit with a mixed-age assemblage of organic material. In contrast, wood samples from presumed last interglacial organic-rich sediments elsewhere at the Palisades, in a similar stratigraphic position with respect to Old Crow tephra, yield non-finite (14)C ages. Given that local permafrost thaw since the last interglaciation may facilitate reworking of older sediments into new stratigraphic positions, minimum constraining ages based on (14)C dating or other methods should supplement age assignments for last interglacial sediments in eastern Beringia that are based on palaeoecology and stratigraphic association with Old Crow tephra. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Reyes, Alberto V.; Kuzmina, Svetlana; Froese, Duane G.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Zazula, Grant D.] Govt Yukon, Yukon Palaeontol Program, Whitehorse, YT, Canada. [Ager, Thomas A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reyes, AV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM avreyes2@wisc.edu OI Reyes, Alberto/0000-0002-7838-4214 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Ingenuity; Canadian Circumpolar Institute; Northern Scientific Training Program; Killam Trusts; NSF FX Our research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (D.G.F.), an Alberta Ingenuity New Faculty Award (D.G.F.) and grants from the Canadian Circumpolar Institute and Northern Scientific Training Program (A.V.R.). We thank B. Jensen and S. Matveev for help with electron microprobe analysis. B. Jensen and S. Kuehn assisted in the field. A.V.R. acknowledges scholarship support from Alberta Ingenuity, the Killam Trusts and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service granted permission to work in Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge. We thank I. Brigham-Grette, G. Ellis, R. Schumann, R. Thompson and two anonymous referees for their comments on the manuscript. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0267-8179 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1002/jqs.1464 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 757GR UT WOS:000290074000012 ER PT J AU Shaanan, U Porat, N Navon, O Weinberger, R Calvert, A Weinstein, Y AF Shaanan, Uri Porat, Naomi Navon, Oded Weinberger, Ram Calvert, Andrew Weinstein, Yishai TI OSL dating of a Pleistocene maar: Birket Ram, the Golan heights SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Maar Conference (3IMC) CY APR 14-17, 2009 CL Malargue, ARGENTINA DE maar; geochronology; OSL dating; (40)Ar/(39)Ar; Golan ID LACUSTRINE SEQUENCE; ISRAEL; QUARTZ; AR-40/AR-39; SINGLE; AGE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; HISTORY; FRANCE; TEPHRA AB Direct dating of maars and their phreatomagmatic deposits is difficult due to the dominance of lithic (host rock) fragments and glassy particles of the juvenile magma. In this paper we demonstrate that optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating can be successfully used for age determination of phreatomagmatic deposits. We studied the tuff deposit of Birket Ram, a basanitic maar located at the northern edge of the Golan heights on the western Arabian plate. The maar is underlain by a thick section of Pleistocene basalts, and currently hosts a small lake. It is filled by approximately 90 m of lacustrine sediments with radiocarbon ages extrapolated to 108 ka at the base. OSL was applied to quartz grains extracted from tuffs and paleosols in order to set the time frame of the phreatomagmatism at the site. A maximum age constraint of 179 +/- 13 ka was determined for a paleosol that underlies the maar ejecta. Quartz grains from two layers in the tuff section yielded a direct age of 129 +/- 6 ka for the phreatomagmatic eruption. A younger age of 104 +/- 7 ka, which was determined for a tuff layer underlying a basaltic flow, was attributed to thermal resetting during the lava emplacement. This was confirmed by an (40)Ar/(39)Ar age of 101 +/- 3 ka determined on the overlying basalt. The internal consistency of the OSL ages and the agreement with the (40)Ar/(39)Ar age determination as well as with previous estimates demonstrates the potential of OSL for maar dating. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shaanan, Uri; Navon, Oded] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Porat, Naomi; Weinberger, Ram] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. [Calvert, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Weinstein, Yishai] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Shaanan, U (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM uri.shaanan@mail.huji.ac.il RI Navon, Oded/N-9649-2013; Shaanan, Uri/B-7269-2016 OI Navon, Oded/0000-0003-4617-1553; Shaanan, Uri/0000-0003-1674-6184 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD APR PY 2011 VL 201 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.06.007 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 755UL UT WOS:000289963900029 ER PT J AU Moss, RES Kayen, RE Tong, LY Liu, SY Cai, GJ Wu, J AF Moss, R. E. S. Kayen, R. E. Tong, L. -Y. Liu, S. -Y. Cai, G. -J. Wu, J. TI Retesting of Liquefaction and Nonliquefaction Case Histories from the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Liquefaction; CPT; Cyclic failure; Case histories ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; SOILS AB A field investigation was performed to retest liquefaction and nonliquefaction sites from the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China. These sites were carefully investigated in 1978 and 1979 by using standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) equipment; however, the CPT measurements are obsolete because of the now nonstandard cone that was used at the time. In 2007, a modern cone was mobilized to retest 18 selected sites that are particularly important because of the intense ground shaking they sustained despite their high fines content and/or because the site did not liquefy. Of the sites reinvestigated and carefully reprocessed, 13 were considered accurate representative case histories. Two of the sites that were originally investigated for liquefaction have been reinvestigated for cyclic failure of fine-grained soil and removed from consideration for liquefaction triggering. The most important outcome of these field investigations was the collection of more accurate data for three nonliquefaction sites that experienced intense ground shaking. Data for these three case histories is now included in an area of the liquefaction triggering database that was poorly populated and will help constrain the upper bound of future liquefaction triggering curves. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000406. (c) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Moss, R. E. S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. [Kayen, R. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tong, L. -Y.; Liu, S. -Y.; Cai, G. -J.] Southeast Univ, Inst Geotech Engn, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wu, J.] URS Corp, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Moss, RES (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. EM rmoss@calpoly.edu RI Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014 FU National Science Foundation [0633886]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [40702047]; Jiangsu Transportation Research Foundation [8821006021] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under SGER Grant No. 0633886. Funding in China was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant No. 40702047 and the Jiangsu Transportation Research Foundation Grant No. 8821006021. The writers are thankful for the funding and the opportunity to pursue this research. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD APR PY 2011 VL 137 IS 4 BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000406 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 751UP UT WOS:000289643500004 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Wilson, KM Rytuba, JJ AF Kim, C. S. Wilson, K. M. Rytuba, J. J. TI Particle-size dependence on metal(loid) distributions in mine wastes: Implications for water contamination and human exposure SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America (GSA) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Portland, OR SP Geol Soc Amer ID IRON-OXIDE COATINGS; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; TRACE-METALS; MERCURY; SPECIATION; GOETHITE; SOIL; COMPLEXATION; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT AB The mining and processing of metal-bearing ores has resulted in contamination issues where waste materials from abandoned mines remain in piles of untreated and unconsolidated material, posing the potential for waterborne and airborne transport of toxic elements. This study presents a systematic method of particle size separation, mass distribution, and bulk chemical analysis for mine tailings and adjacent background soil samples from the Rand historic mining district, California, in order to assess particle size distribution and related trends in metal(loid) concentration as a function of particle size. Mine tailings produced through stamp milling and leaching processes were found to have both a narrower and finer particle size distribution than background samples, with significant fractions of particles available in a size range (<= 250 mu m) that could be incidentally ingested. In both tailings and background samples, the majority of trace metal(loid)s display an inverse relationship between concentration and particle size, resulting in higher proportions of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in finer-sized fractions which are more susceptible to both water- and wind-borne transport as well as ingestion and/or inhalation. Established regulatory screening levels for such elements may, therefore, significantly underestimate potential exposure risk if relying solely on bulk sample concentrations to guide remediation decisions. Correlations in elemental concentration trends (such as between As and Fe) indicate relationships between elements that may be relevant to their chemical speciation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, C. S.; Wilson, K. M.] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Rytuba, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM cskim@chapman.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.007 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 748IL UT WOS:000289384200007 ER PT J AU Sharif, MSU Davis, RK Steele, KF Kim, B Hays, PD Kresse, TM Fazio, JA AF Sharif, Md. Salah U. Davis, Ralph K. Steele, Kenneth F. Kim, Burmshik Hays, Phillip D. Kresse, Tim M. Fazio, John A. TI Surface complexation modeling for predicting solid phase arsenic concentrations in the sediments of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America (GSA) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Portland, OR SP Geol Soc Amer ID IRON-OXIDE MINERALS; URANIUM(VI) ADSORPTION; SORPTION BEHAVIOR; TRACE-METALS; GOETHITE; SYSTEMS; SOILS; WATER; OXYHYDROXIDES; ENVIRONMENTS AB The potential health impact of As in drinking water supply systems in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the state of Arkansas, USA is significant. In this context it is important to understand the occurrence, distribution and mobilization of As in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer. Application of surface complexation models (SCMs) to predict the sorption behavior of As and hydrous Fe oxides (HFO) in the laboratory has increased in the last decade. However, the application of SCMs to predict the sorption of As in natural sediments has not often been reported, and such applications are greatly constrained by the lack of site-specific model parameters. Attempts have been made to use SCMs considering a component additivity (CA) approach which accounts for relative abundances of pure phases in natural sediments, followed by the addition of SCM parameters individually for each phase. Although few reliable and internally consistent sorption databases related to HFO exist, the use of SCMs using laboratory-derived sorption databases to predict the mobility of As in natural sediments has increased. This study is an attempt to evaluate the ability of the SCMs using the geochemical code PHREEQC to predict solid phase As in the sediments of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in Arkansas. The SCM option of the double-layer model (DLM) was simulated using ferrihydrite and goethite as sorbents quantified from chemical extractions, calculated surface-site densities, published surface properties, and published laboratory-derived sorption constants for the sorbents. The model results are satisfactory for shallow wells (10.6 m below ground surface), where the redox condition is relatively oxic or mildly suboxic. However, for the deep alluvial aquifer (21-36.6 m below ground surface) where the redox condition is suboxic to anoxic, the model results are unsatisfactory. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharif, Md. Salah U.; Davis, Ralph K.; Steele, Kenneth F.; Kim, Burmshik; Hays, Phillip D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Environm Dynam Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kresse, Tim M.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Fazio, John A.] Arkansas Dept Environm Qual, Water Div, Little Rock, AR 72219 USA. RP Sharif, MSU (reprint author), Ecometrix Inc, 6800 Campobello Rd, Mississauga, ON L5N 2L8, Canada. EM sharif.msalah@gmail.com OI Hays, Phillip/0000-0001-5491-9272 NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI BP 496 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.008 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 748IL UT WOS:000289384200008 ER PT J AU Seiler, RL Stillings, LL Cutler, N Salonen, L Outola, I AF Seiler, Ralph L. Stillings, Lisa L. Cutler, Nichole Salonen, Laina Outola, Iisa TI Biogeochemical factors affecting the presence of Po-210 in groundwater SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America (GSA) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Portland, OR SP Geol Soc Amer ID BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES; PARTICLE-BOUND PO-210; CARSON DESERT; WATER; PB-210; POLONIUM; SULFUR; RADIOACTIVITY; RADIONUCLIDES; REDUCTION AB The discovery of natural Po-210 enrichment at levels exceeding 500 mBq/L in numerous domestic wells in northern Nevada. USA, led to a geochemical investigation of the processes responsible for its mobilization. Po-210 activities in 63 domestic and public-supply wells ranged from below 1 mBq/L to 6590 590 mBq/L, among the highest reported levels in the USA. There is little spatial or depth variability in Pb-210 activity in study-area sediments and mobilization of a few percent of the Po-210 in the sediments would account for all of the Po-210 in water. Stable-isotope measurements indicate SO4 reduction has occurred in all Po-210 contaminated wells. Sulfide species are not accumulating in the groundwater in much of Lahontan Valley, probably because of S cycling involving microbial SO4 reduction, abiotic oxidation of H2S to S-0 by Mn(IV), followed by microbial disproportionation of S-0 to H2S and SO4. The high pH, Ca depletion, MnCO3 saturation, and presence of S in Lahontan Valley groundwater may be consequences of the anaerobic S cycling. Consistent with data from naturally-enriched wells in Florida, Po-210 activities begin to decrease when aqueous sulfide species begin to accumulate. This may be due to formation and precipitation of PoS, however, Eh-pH diagrams suggest PoS would not be stable in study-area groundwater. An alternative explanation for the study area is that H2S accumulation begins when anaerobic S cycling stops because Mn oxides are depleted and their reduction is no longer releasing Po-210. Common features of Po-210-enriched groundwater were identified by comparing the radiological and geochemical data from Nevada with data from naturally-enriched wells in Finland, and Florida and Maryland in the USA. Values of pH ranged from <5 in Florida wells to >9 in Nevada wells, indicating that pH is not critical in determining whether Po-210 is present. Where U is present in the sediments, the data suggest Po-210 levels may be elevated in aquifers with (1) SO4-reducing waters with low H2S concentrations, or (2) anoxic or oxic waters with extremely high Rn activities, particularly if the water is turbid. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Seiler, Ralph L.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Stillings, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Mines, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cutler, Nichole] Univ Nevada, Hydrol Sci Grad Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Salonen, Laina; Outola, Iisa] STUK, Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, FIN-00881 Helsinki, Finland. RP Seiler, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM rseiler@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD APR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI BP 526 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.011 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 748IL UT WOS:000289384200011 ER PT J AU Runge, MC Converse, SJ Lyons, JE AF Runge, Michael C. Converse, Sarah J. Lyons, James E. TI Which uncertainty? Using expert elicitation and expected value of information to design an adaptive program SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Expected value of information; Expert elicitation; Whooping crane; Grus americana ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; RISK-MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; HARVEST; FACE AB Natural resource management is plagued with uncertainty of many kinds, but not all uncertainties are equally important to resolve. The promise of adaptive management is that learning in the short-term will improve management in the long-term; that promise is best kept if the focus of learning is on those uncertainties that most impede achievement of management objectives. In this context, an existing tool of decision analysis, the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), is particularly valuable in identifying the most important uncertainties. Expert elicitation can be used to develop preliminary predictions of management response under a series of hypotheses, as well as prior weights for those hypotheses, and the EVPI can be used to determine how much management could improve if uncertainty was resolved. These methods were applied to management of whooping cranes (Grus americana), an endangered migratory bird that is being reintroduced in several places in North America. The Eastern Migratory Population of whooping cranes had exhibited almost no successful reproduction through 2009. Several dozen hypotheses can be advanced to explain this failure, and many of them lead to very different management responses. An expert panel articulated the hypotheses, provided prior weights for them, developed potential management strategies, and made predictions about the response of the population to each strategy under each hypothesis. Multi-criteria decision analysis identified a preferred strategy in the face of uncertainty, and analysis of the expected value of information identified how informative each strategy could be. These results provide the foundation for design of an adaptive management program. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Runge, Michael C.; Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal & Appl Enviro, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Runge, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mrunge@usgs.gov; sconverse@usgs.gov; James_Lyons@fws.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011; OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; USGS; USFWS Region 3; Australian Centre of Excellence for Risk Analysis; Applied Environmental Decision Analysis hub at the University of Melbourne FX We are grateful to Larry Wargowski, refuge manager at Necedah National Wildlife Refuge, for articulating the need and supporting this work, and to the staff at NNWR, especially Rich King, Jon Olson, and Richard Urbanek, for sharing their insights. We thank the additional members of the expert panel for their contributions, insights, and patience: Marty Folk, John French, Chris Gullikson, Sammy King, Soch Lor, Mike Putnam, and Joel Trick. Jane Austin, Mark Burgman, Brendan Wintle, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable suggestions that improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, the USGS Biological Resources Discipline Quick Response Research Program, USFWS Region 3, the Australian Centre of Excellence for Risk Analysis, and the Applied Environmental Decision Analysis hub at the University of Melbourne. NR 37 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2011 VL 144 IS 4 SI SI BP 1214 EP 1223 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.020 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 747PY UT WOS:000289333100006 ER PT J AU Probert, WJM Hauser, CE McDonald-Madden, E Runge, MC Baxter, PWJ Possingham, HP AF Probert, William J. M. Hauser, Cindy E. McDonald-Madden, Eve Runge, Michael C. Baxter, Peter W. J. Possingham, Hugh P. TI Managing and learning with multiple models: Objectives and optimization algorithms SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Conservation biology; Decision theory; Uncertainty; Optimization; Stochastic dynamic programming ID FACIAL TUMOR DISEASE; MARKOV DECISION-PROCESSES; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; TASMANIAN DEVIL; CONSERVATION; UNCERTAINTY; BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTION; SYSTEMS AB The quality of environmental decisions should be gauged according to managers' objectives. Management objectives generally seek to maximize quantifiable measures of system benefit, for instance population growth rate. Reaching these goals often requires a certain degree of learning about the system. Learning can occur by using management action in combination with a monitoring system. Furthermore, actions can be chosen strategically to obtain specific kinds of information. Formal decision making tools can choose actions to favor such learning in two ways: implicitly via the optimization algorithm that is used when there is a management objective (for instance, when using adaptive management), or explicitly by quantifying knowledge and using it as the fundamental project objective, an approach new to conservation. This paper outlines three conservation project objectives - a pure management objective, a pure learning objective, and an objective that is a weighted mixture of these two. We use eight optimization algorithms to choose actions that meet project objectives and illustrate them in a simulated conservation project. The algorithms provide a taxonomy of decision making tools in conservation management when there is uncertainty surrounding competing models of system function. The algorithms build upon each other such that their differences are highlighted and practitioners may see where their decision making tools can be improved. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Probert, William J. M.; Baxter, Peter W. J.; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4069, Australia. [Probert, William J. M.; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Dept Math, St Lucia, Qld 4069, Australia. [Hauser, Cindy E.; Baxter, Peter W. J.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Hauser, Cindy E.] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [McDonald-Madden, Eve] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, St Lucia, Qld 4069, Australia. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Probert, WJM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4069, Australia. EM wprobert@maths.uq.edu.au RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011; Hauser, Cindy/B-4000-2008; McDonald-Madden, Eve/A-5186-2012; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Baxter, Peter/G-3322-2010 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Hauser, Cindy/0000-0001-5876-0342; McDonald-Madden, Eve/0000-0001-7755-2338; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Baxter, Peter/0000-0003-0585-9482 NR 47 TC 15 Z9